| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Concordia | Judge: Hayden ’05 (J.D., Penn State Dickinson School of Law, 2005)
Tim 13 Penn St. Envtl. L. Rev. 217 B. Telecommunications Act of 1996
¶ In 1996, a major piece of legislation dealing with most aspects of our
AND
the policy of promoting national wireless service provision in ~[*233~] mind. And the restriction must be ON production
Dictionary.com No Date
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/on?s=t**
"ON":16. (used to indicate a source or a person or thing that serves as a source or agent): a duty on imported goods; She depends on her friends for encouragement. Priebe ’99 (Director of Agricultural Economic Law, European Commission)
Rhinehard, Production Rights in European Agriculture p.200
The milk quota system, to quote the prime example, is a levy imposed
AND
is another example of this form of restriction. This ev. gender paraphrased D. Topicality is a voter for fairness and education. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Concordia | Judge: Indian Country is not in the United States- foreign country
US Department of State Manual ’12
"7 Fam 1113 Not Included in the Meaning of "in the United States" http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86755.pdf a. Before U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark, the only
AND
authorizing individuals of particular tribes to become citizens upon ¶ application for naturalization." Extra-topical- Plan eliminates all review, at least some lands are outside the United States |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Concordia | Judge: THE WORKING CLASS MUST COALESCE IN MATERIAL ACTION AGAINST FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION ESPECIALLY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY PLANNING. THE AFF’S NOTION OF AGENCY UNIQUELY UNDERMINES THE MATERIALIST ANTI-CAPITALIST REVOLUTIONARY KNOWLEDGE KEY TO SURVIVAL.
Callinicos 2k10
~[Alex, Bonfire of Illusions: The Twin Crisis of the Liberal World, Polity, professor of European studies King’s College – London, DPhil – Oxford, p. 139-43~]
There are other strong reasons to press for a break with the logic of competitive
AND
to rise. The most plausible explanation appeals to the logic of competition.
The problem is, yet again, one of collective action. Evi- dently
AND
are widened, allowing the billions of victims of capitalism finally to escape. Text: VOTE NEGATIVE TO REJECT THE 1AC IN FAVOR OF MATERIALIST REVOLUTIONARY KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AGAINST CAPITALISM.
AND, ECOLOGICAL CATASTROPHE NECESSITATES MATERIALIST REVOLUTIONARY DIALECTICS AGAINST CAPITALISM’S EXPLOITATION TO ENSURE SURVIVAL.
Foster 2k11
~[john bellamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon and also editor of Monthly Review, Since the Great Financial Crisis hit in 2008, Foster has been sought out by academics, activists, the media, and the general public as a result of his earlier prescient writings on the coming crisis. He has given numerous interviews, talks, and invited lectures, as well as written invited commentary, articles, and books on the subject~]
In the twenty-first century it is customary to view the rise of planetary
AND
and sustainable human development; a socialism for the twenty-first century. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Concordia | Judge: Maxwell ’12
Veery is a third-year law student at UC Hastings, "Wind Energy Development: Can Wind Energy Overcome Substantial Hurdles to Reach the Grid," West Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 18 W.-N.W. J. Env. L. %26 Pol’y323, lexis Environmental groups have also been opposed to wind development, particularly in sites inhabited by
AND
host of solutions to the environmental and local problems generated by wind farms. Lehrer, 12
(Eli, "How Mitt Romney can win the environmental vote", 6/11, Huffington Post,¶ http://rstreet.org/op-ed/how-mitt-romney-can-win-the-environmental-vote/-http://rstreet.org/op-ed/how-mitt-romney-can-win-the-environmental-vote/ Since the (few) positives in Obama’s record and the incumbency are unalterable,
AND
to put Romney over the top. So how can he do it? |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Concordia | Judge: CP Text: the United States federal government should establish an independent Commission that has 90 days to determine policy to Tribal Energy. The Commission should recommend The United States Federal Government should amend the Indian Tribal Energy Development and Self-Determination Act and all relevant sections of other federal laws to remove all environmental review and comment provisions from Tribal Energy Resource Agreements. The recommendation will become law if Congress or the President does not reject the recommendation within 45 days of the report.Establishment of independent commissions solves and avoids politicsKing ’97
Anthony is a political scientist who teaches at the University of Essex and is a regular contributor to the Economist, "Running Scared," Another possible tactic, with many similarities to the collusion of elites, might be
AND
when they, at least, were not up for re-election. |
| 09/22/2012 | |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas | Judge: CP text: the 50 States and all relevant Territories should enter into a compact on:Mountjoy ’01
John is a policy analyst with the council of State Governments, "Interstate Compacts Make a Comeback," Spring http://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/ncic/Comeback.pdf-http://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/ncic/Comeback.pdf
Some may question the need for interstate compacts to address multi-state policy issues
AND
not, federal preemption in certain policy areas is a distinct ¶ possibility. Graybeal 9-10
"Airborne Wind Technology Could Provide Substantial Source of Energy," According to a recent survey conducted by the non-profit organization Near Zero,
AND
experts say, could bring the industry to the forefront even more quickly. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas | Judge: THE AFFIRMATIVE’S ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITIZATION IS EPISTEMOLOGICALLY BLIND TO ITS OWN CAUSALITY AND BECOMES A SELF-FUFILLING PROPHECYAhmed 11
Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace %26 Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis The twenty-first century heralds the unprecedented acceleration and convergence of multiple, interconnected
AND
turn radicalising the processes of social polarisation that can culminate in violent conflict. AND THE ALTERNATIVE IS TO VOTE NEGATIVE TO REJEC THE 1AC AND EMBRACE COMPLEX ECOLOGISM. COMPLEX ECOLOGISM ALONE IS THE ONLY WAY TO SOLVE THEIR TRY OR DIE SCENARIOSCudworth and Hobden 2k10
~[Erika and Stephen professors university of east London securing what for whom? Multiple complex inequalities and the politics of environmental security in Europe European Consortium for Political Research~] Environmental policy in the EU exemplifies all three articulations of the notion of ’environmental
AND
less secure in the realisation of a sustainable society in Europe and elsewhere. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas GW | Judge: Miks ’10
Jason. "Taiwan War Games" http://the-diplomat.com/china-power/2010/08/10/taiwan-war-games/ According to a computerised simulation conducted by Taiwan’s military, China would capture the island’s
AND
with an aim to counter America’s potential presence in the Taiwan Strait.’ Defacto unification is occurring now – time is on Beijing’s side and won’t involve U.S.Chan ’8
Steve. (Department of Political Science, U. of Colorado) Steve Chan, China, the U.S., and the Power-Transition Theory: A Critique. 2008. P. 91-92 Several logical and empirical implications follow from the ongoing trends. China has become Taiwan’s
AND
because it had failed in its effort to prevent London from becoming involved. Bitzinger %26 Desker ’8
senior fellow and dean of S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies respectively (Richard A. Bitzinger, Barry Desker, "Why East Asian War is Unlikely," Survival, December 2008, http://pdfserve.informaworld.com-/678328_731200556_906256449.pdf-http://pdfserve.informaworld.com-/678328_731200556_906256449.pdf) The Asia-Pacific region can be regarded as a zone of both relative insecurity
AND
this suggests that war in Asia – while not inconceivable – is unlikely. Kato ’8
(Yoichi, bureau chief of the American General Bureau of the Asahi Shimbun, "Return from 9/11 PTSD to Global Leader," Washington Quarterly, Fall 2008, lexis) The challenges that the Asia Pacific will face in the foreseeable future will not likely
AND
growth of its economy while avoiding any military adventurism against the United States. Alagappa ’8
(Muthiah, Distinguished senior fellow at the East-West Center, The Long Shadow, pg. 508-509) The grim scenarios associated with nuclear weapons in Asia frequently rely on worst-case
AND
intensity. Security interaction in Asia increasingly approximates behavior associated with defensive realism. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas GW | Judge: Hansch ’8
Senior Associate, Center for the study of migration. "FOOD, NUTRITION AND LIVELIHOOD PREPAREDNESS FOR A PANDEMIC INFLUENZA DISASTER GUIDANCE FOR LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES" Steve Hansch H2P Food Security Working Group1 June 15, 2008 http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADU257.pdf-http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADU257.pdf The major reason food shortages have become less lethal in modern history is the ability of global food supplies to buffer any individual region, that is, food has become fluid enough that a rise in food prices anywhere is met by increased supply from the outside. A pandemic will de-couple that connection. Food price rises in urban areas will be balanced by food price declines in nearby rural areas; they will not equilibrate. Dyson 2 (Tim, LSE, http://www.fathom.com/feature/122659/index.html, KF) If one looks into the future, the key issue is whether agricultural yields are
AND
There will still be problems in that area in 20 or 30 years. Dawson ’6
~[Thomas, January 5. American Chronicle, "Food for Thought and the Price of Food," http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=4533-http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=4533~] It may seem to many that we are living in a period in which there
AND
to gasoline and diesel fuels to further subsidize and satisfy the farm lobby. Barrett %26 Bellemare ’11
(Chris is a distinguished professor economics at Cornell and Marc is assistant professor of public policy at Duke, "Why Food Price Volatility Doesn’t Matter," July 12th) http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67981/christopher-b-barrett-and-marc-f-bellemare/why-food-price-volatility-doesnt-matter-http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67981/christopher-b-barrett-and-marc-f-bellemare/why-food-price-volatility-doesnt-matter Since volatile food prices do not necessarily harm poor consumers, it does not make
AND
large farmers who already enjoy tremendous financial support from G-20 governments. Cohen 8
Roger, April, Bring on the Right Biofuels, New York Times, Lexis Before I get to that, some myths need dispelling. If Asian rice prices
AND
fuels are an important input in everything from fertilizer to diesel for tractors. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas GW | Judge: Bandow 09- Senior Fellow @ Cato, former special assistant to Reagan (11/31/09, Doug, "Recognizing the Limits of American Power in Afghanistan," Huffington Post, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=10924)
From Pakistan’s perspective, limiting the war on almost any terms would be better than
AND
state in the vain hope of salvaging Afghanistan would be a terrible mistake." Simon, and Stevenson, 9 * adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, AND Professor of Strategic Studies at the US Naval War College, (Steven and Jonathan, "Afghanistan: How Much is Enough?" Survival, 51:5, 47 – 67, October 2009 http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a915362559%26fulltext=7132409)
The United States’ next logical move would be to intensify pressure, raising civilian casualties
AND
would be loath to allow the transfer of nuclear weapons to the Taliban. C. Stable now. US Aid and markets solve.APP, 10 (Associated Press of Pakistan, "WE NEED MORE MARKET ACCESS, ZARDARI TELLS HOLBROOKE", Business Recorder, 6/24/2010, Lexis)
President Asif Ali Zardari on Wednesday said the government looked forward to international assistance in
AND
efforts for promotion of peace and stability in the region," he said. ( ) Transition will be peaceful and won’t cause war with India.Puntambekar, Indian Defence Review, 1/14/11 (Puntambekar, Ashish, "Possible Collapse of Pakistan: Quantifying the fallout," http://www.indiandefencereview.com/geopolitics/Possible-Collapse-of-Pakistan-Quantifying-the-Fallout.html)
The Stratfor article however has important strategic implications for South Asia , If Stratfor’s information
AND
on three different fronts is difficult for any army from a logistical standpoint. |
| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas GW | Judge: Friedman and Preble 10
(Benjamin Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies at the Cato Institute, Christopher Preble is director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint, September 22, 2010 Cato Policy Analysis No. 667 September 23, 2010 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf) We would also eliminate six fighter wing equivalents from the Air Force. There are
AND
aerial vehicles, given their flexibility and low cost relative to manned aircraft. Kelly ’2 (Michael, editor of the Atlantic Monthly, April, The Atlantic Monthly, "The Air-Power Revolution," http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2002/04/kelly.htm) But air power did not succeed in these tasks. Germany rested its (always
AND
engaged in high-risk daylight bombing, also lost almost that number. C. Won’t use it, public constrains, it doesn’t deter, and fails generally.Eyal ’99 (Jonathan, director of studies at the Royal United Studies Institute, June 16, The Guardian, "So air power was not enough," http://www.guardian.co.uk/Kosovo/Story/0,2763,207624,00.html) But this is only a small part of the story. The reality is that
AND
negligible risks. In short, the armchair generals still have their uses. |
| 09/22/2012 | |
| 09/22/2012 | |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: Webster’s Dictionary 19’98
Increase: to make greater, augment, implies to what is already well grown, or well developed Rosner and Goldberg 11
(Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director, Argonne National Laboratory ¶ Senior Fellow, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago¶ Research Coordinator, Global Nuclear Future Initiative ¶ American Academy of Arts and Sciences, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power ¶ Generation in the U.S." Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf-http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf As illustrated in the previous discussion, until significant learning benefits are achieved, the
AND
this type of¶ management model are discussed in the subsections that follow. D. Voter fairness and education |
| 09/23/2012 | |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: World Politics Review 8-15-12
~[Andrew Exum, Sr. Fellow @ Center for New American Security, and a Lecturer in International Affairs @ Columbia, com/articles/12263/abu-muqawama-u-s-needs-perspective-not-pedestal-for-military, mg~] Earlier this summer, I penned two columns on wartime civil-military relations in the United States and came to the conclusion that, despite some handwringing to the contrary, elected decision-makers and their military counterparts in Washington have actually been working effectively and appropriately. On the whole, I argued, civil-military relations were quite healthy. BOSTON GLOBE ’09
(Sarah Sewall %26 John White, teach at the Harvard Kennedy
School, where they co-direct the Project on Civil-Military Relations, Jan. 29th, A13, LN, mg) Finally, the relative imbalance of resources and expertise - whether between DOD and civilian
AND
military relations is a rebalancing of relative civilian and military capacity and authority. Ricks 12
~[Thomas, Political author, June 6, html, mg~] These are minor blemishes in an important book. I raise them mainly because of
AND
war dragging on, that is not a reassuring state of affairs. ¶ |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: Chengxin Pan, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, at Deakin University, August 2004, Discourses Of ’China’ In International Relations: A Study in Western Theory as (IR) Practice, p. 141-142
These are some of the questions in the minds of Western/American strategic analysts
AND
’discover’ a China threat out there; it was cognitively constructed beforehand. Chengxin Pan, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, at Deakin University, August 2004, Discourses Of ’China’ In International Relations: A Study in Western Theory as (IR) Practice, p. 43-44
Like the liberal construction of Other touched on above, this largely realist framing of
AND
Americans are to continue to be proud of their leading role in world affairs Chengxin Pan, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, at Deakin University, August 2004, Discourses Of ’China’ In International Relations: A Study in Western Theory as (IR) Practice, p. 259-260
This is not to endorse an ’anything goes’ attitude on studying China’s foreign relations
AND
might indeed hold the key to world peace in the decades to come. |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: St. Louis Post-Dispatch ’12
~[Jeffrey Tomich, http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html-http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html ETB~] For all the hype, small reactors are still at least a decade away.
AND
," Klein said. "We’re going to have to see some built." Riches 2/17
(Dennis, Professor Seijo University, "The (False?) Promise of Small Modular Reactors" http://nf2045.blogspot.com/2012/02/false-promise-of-small-modular-reactors.html-http://nf2045.blogspot.com/2012/02/false-promise-of-small-modular-reactors.html, SEH) The most fascinating argument that Palley presents is in his discussion of the black swan
AND
Fukushima X 400 (or 400 Chernobyls, as this report explains it). PACE 11
(People’s Alliance for Clean Energy, "Smaller Size, Big Price Tag: Small modular reactors are risky" http://pacevirginia.org/2011/01/12/smaller-size-big-price-tag-small-modular-reactors-are-risky/-http://pacevirginia.org/2011/01/12/smaller-size-big-price-tag-small-modular-reactors-are-risky/, SEH) Claim: New nuclear power technologies must be part of a future energy plan.¶
AND
as these "mini-nukes" go through the NRC certification process. Exum 12
~[Andrew, Sr. Fellow @ Center for New American Security, and a Lecturer in International Affairs @ Columbia, July 11th, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12150/abu-muqawama-breaking-down-the-barriers-between-the-u-s-and-its-military, mg) If Democrats are guilty of being too wary of the military, Republicans are by
AND
place it on a pedestal that serves neither the military nor the country. |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: Hachigan and Sutphen 08
(Nina, Senior Fellow at American Progress, senior political scientist at RAND Corporation and served as the director of the RAND Center for Asia Pacific Policy for four years, From 1998 to 1999, Hachigian was on the staff of the National Security Council in the White House, Monica Sutphen, Stanford Center for International Security, 2008, The Next American Century, p. 168-9 IN PRACTICE, the strategy of primacy failed to deliver. While the fact of
AND
dominate the world military and then question why China is modernizing its military. Burns ’6
(Robert, AP Military Writer, January 24, Associated Press, "Study: Army Stretched to Breaking Point," http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060124/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/army_breaking_point;_ylt=AkDwbD7AfATSH1tnoIHL_xSs0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTA3ODdxdHBhBHNlYwM5NjQ--http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060124/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/army_breaking_point;_ylt=AkDwbD7AfATSH1tnoIHL_xSs0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTA3ODdxdHBhBHNlYwM5NjQ-) Stretched by frequent troop rotations to Iraq and Afghanistan, the Army has become a
AND
yearlong tours in Iraq, and some smaller units have served three times. Friedman and Preble 10
(Benjamin Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies at the Cato Institute, Christopher Preble is director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint, September 22, 2010 Cato Policy Analysis No. 667 September 23, 2010 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf) As for our potential great power rivals— Russia and China—we would have
AND
potential strategic partners contribute much of the rest. (See Figure 2.) |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: The Unipolar Moment is over and can’t be recovered – 08 financial crash means the US can’t prevent competitionRachman 11
(Gideon Rachman, Financial Times chief foreign affairs commentator, Zero-Sum Future, 2011, pp 3-4) But the economic crisis that struck the world in 2008 has changed the logic of
AND
the "unipolar moment" that began with the collapse of the Soviet Union Cohen ’12
~[Michael A. Cohen is a regular columnist for Foreign Policy’s Election 2012 Channel and a fellow at the Century Foundation. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/21/rotting_from_the_inside_out?page=full-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/21/rotting_from_the_inside_out?page=full ETB~] There is, however, one serious problem with this analysis. Any discussion of
AND
them are generally considered elements of national security, perhaps they should be. A. No threats require primacy and other factors ensure security.Friedman and Preble 10 (Benjamin Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies at the Cato Institute, Christopher Preble is director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint, September 22, 2010 Cato Policy Analysis No. 667 September 23, 2010 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf The United States confuses what it wants from its military, which is global primacy
AND
resentment. Global military primacy is a game not worth the candle.56 Zakaria 08 (Fareed Zakaria, editor of Newsweek International, 2008, The Post-American World, p. 244)
In certain areas – the South China Sea, for example – U.S
AND
futile and unnecessary. Small work-arounds might be just as effective. |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: NEI, ’12
~~["Improved Policies for Commercial Nuclear Trade Will Create American Jobs," June, http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/documentlibrary/newplants/policybrief/improved-policies-for-commercial-nuclear-trade-will-create-american-jobs?page=1~~~~~~] While U.S. firms offer some of the most innovative and safest nuclear
AND
the United States pursue the international adoption of effective civil nuclear liability regimes. Lyman 11
(Edwin, senior scientist at Global Security Program Union of Concerned Scientists, "An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors" Senate Hearing, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/lyman-appropriations-subcom-7-14-11.pdf-http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/lyman-appropriations-subcom-7-14-11.pdf, SEH) The distributed deployment of small reactors would also put great strains on existing licensing ¶
AND
SMRs around the world would be ¶ difficult, if feasible at all. Fuhrmann, ’9
~~[Matthew, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina, Summer, "Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation," International Security Vol. 34, No. 1. MIT Press Journals~~] This article examines the relationship between peaceful nuclear cooperation¶ and nuclear weapons proliferation.
AND
consistently salient in explaining both nuclear¶ weapons program onset and weapons acquisition. Farmer ’10
~[J. Doyne Farmer of the Santa Fe Institute and Arjun Makhijani of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. "As US Nuclear Future? Not wanted, not needed." Nature 467, 391–393 (23 September 2010) ETB~] There are also undesirable side effects of using nuclear power. To make a large
AND
their own fuel, vastly hampering efforts to clamp down on nuclear proliferation. Ferguson 11
(Charles, Adjunct Senior Fellow for Science and Technology on the Council of Foreign Relations, November 2011, "Think Again: Nuclear Power" Foreign Policy)http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/11/think_again_nuclear_power?page=0,6-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/11/think_again_nuclear_power?page=0,6 Maybe. It’s true that the nuclear enrichment and reprocessing facilities used to produce fuel
AND
the UAE deal the norm, but it has yet to become law. O’Connor 11
(Dan, Policy Fellow in AEL’s New Energy Leaders Project, "Small Modular Reactors: Miracle, Mirage, or Between?" http://leadenergy.org/2011/01/small-modular-reactors-miracle-mirage-or-medium/-http://leadenergy.org/2011/01/small-modular-reactors-miracle-mirage-or-medium/, SEH) From an international leadership perspective, the SMR may be one of the few remaining technologies which the US stands to commercialize more successfully and rapidly than its competitors. Interest among nations like China and India in SMR technology development is weaker than in the US, principally because their rapidly growing energy demand and comparably quick nuclear implementation policies are conducive to constructing large reactors.¶ Mueller ’8
(John, poli sci prof at Ohio State Univ, "The Atomic Terrorist: Assessing the Likelihood," 1-1, Prepared for presentation at the Program on International Security Policy, Univ of Chicago, 1-15-2008, http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/APSACHGO.PDF)
Appraising the barriers. As noted earlier, most discussions of atomic terrorism deal rather
AND
after all, for those menacing and now-legendary invaders from Mars. Mueller ’8
(John, poli sci prof at Ohio State Univ, "The Atomic Terrorist: Assessing the Likelihood," 1-1, Prepared for presentation at the Program on International Security Policy, Univ of Chicago, 1-15-2008, http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/APSACHGO.PDF)
Meanwhile, although there have been plenty of terrorist attacks in the world since 2001
AND
for delivering it: the suicide bomber (Pape 2005, Bloom 2005). |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma LeoMast | Judge: Army Officer School, ’4
(5-12, "~%23 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon", http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm-http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm) The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after "
AND
resolved:"¶ Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor. Encarta Online Encyclopedia, 2k
(http://encarta.msn.com) "The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC" WordNet in ’97
Princeton University, 1.6 Should v 1 : be expected to: "Parties should be fun" 2 : expresses an emotional, practical, or other reason for doing something: "You had better put on warm clothes"; "You should call your mother-in-law"; "The State ought to repair bridges" ~[syn: had better, ought~] Limits on what can be debated protect subversion and meaningful debate.Shively, 2K
(Former Assistant Politics Professor – Texas A%26M, Partisan Politics and Political Theory, pp. 181-4, We have the full text of the card if you want to see it) At the very least, we must agree about what it is that is being
AND
speech and action from violence, manipulation, and other forms of tyranny. Mitchell et al. 07
(Gordon, Eric English, Stephen Llano, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief, and Carly Woods, Pitt Comm Studies Grad Students, Gordon Mitchell is an Associate Comm Studies Professor @ Pitt, Communication %26 Critical/Cultural Studies 4) The problem for Greene and Hicks is that this notion of citizenship becomes tied to
AND
heirs to brand the activity as a ’’weapon of mass destruction.’’ Dialogue is critical to affirming any value—shutting down deliberation devolves into totalitarianism and reinscribes oppressionMorson 4
http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf~~%23page=331
Northwestern Professor, Prof. Morson’s work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers — Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy. Bakhtin viewed the whole process of "ideological" (in the sense of
AND
proceed in much the same way, in an ongoing spiral of intolerance. |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma LeoMast | Judge: Hibbits 94 Professor Bernard J. Hibbitts, professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, 1994 Making Sense of Metaphors Visuality, Aurality, And The Reconfiguration of American Legal Discourse http://faculty.law.pitt.edu/hibbitts/meta_p2.htm-http://faculty.law.pitt.edu/hibbitts/meta_p2.htm
It may be argued that the extent of their involvement with written material has led
AND
of the nineteenth century230-has been a prime guarantor of patriarchal power. Phelgyal 2000
~[Jangchup, http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2000/feb/17/cover-what-beauty-blind/-http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2000/feb/17/cover-what-beauty-blind/, mg~] They were being murdered by the light. I watched and said nothing.¶ ~%23
AND
no reason to believe that they were annoyed by the attempt of a sighted Causes War
Warren and Cady 94 Karen J. Warren, Duane L. Cady, Professors at Macalester and Hamline, Spring 1994, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810167?cookieSet=1-http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810167?cookieSet=1
Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system is found in the behaviors
AND
patriarchy and leads to dysfunctional behaviors of nations and ultimately to international unmanageability. |
| 09/23/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma LeoMast | Judge: THE DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCT OF DEHUMANIZATION/THE SUBHUMAN OPERATIONALIZES GLOBAL SPECIEST, GENDERED, RACIALIZED, AND ECONOMIC VIOLENCE. WE NEED TO REFUSE THE ATTEMPT TO PARTIALLY INCLUDE GROUPS INTO THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN AND INSTEAD REJECT HUMANIZING DISCOURSE BECAUSE IT MERELY DISPLACES THE VIOLENCE OF THE 1AC IMPACT SCENARIOS ONTO WHOM-EVER IS CONSIDERED NONHUMAN.Deckha 2k10
~[Maneesha, faculty of law, university of Victoria, "it’s time to abandon the idea of human rights", the scavenger, dec. 10~] The category of the ’subhuman’ is inherent in global gendered, racialized and economic
AND
and maintenance of the figure of the subhuman undermines anti-violence agendas.
KOCHI %26 ORDAN 2K8
~[TARIK AND NOAM, QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY AND BAR LLAN UNIVERSITY, "AN ARGUMENT FOR THE GLOBAL SUICIDE OF HUMANITY", VOL 7. NO. 4., BOURDERLANDS E-JOURNAL~]
Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered
AND
"an eternal Treblinka" (Singer, 1968, p.750). this rejection enables an understanding of the SPECIES-BEING. that SOLVES THE ETHICAL CONTRADICTION OF THEIR SPECIES-LEVEL RACISM.HUDSON 2K4
~[Laura, The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life, mediations journal, http://www.mediationsjournal.org/files/Mediations23_2_04.pdf~~]
We are all equally reduced to mere specimens of human biology, mute and uncomprehending
AND
exploitation, how are we to envision the future of politics and society? |
| 09/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octos | Opponent: CSUF CT | Judge: State action and coercion key to solve existential problems and turns corporate dominanceMansbridge ’11
Jane is the Charles Adams Professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, "On the Importance of Getting Things Done," http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPSC%2FPSC45_01%2FS104909651100165Xa.pdf%26code=61d04501e14285b50244640216120c97-http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPSC%2FPSC45_01%2FS104909651100165Xa.pdf%26code=61d04501e14285b50244640216120c97 T¶ rend plus inaction equals¶ drift. When a¶ trend has external
AND
of individual and collective resistance, not a¶ theory of collective action. Coercion of State power necessary to prevent extinction and not inherently exclusionaryMansbridge ’11
Jane is the Charles Adams Professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, "On the Importance of Getting Things Done," http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPSC%2FPSC45_01%2FS104909651100165Xa.pdf%26code=61d04501e14285b50244640216120c97-http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FPSC%2FPSC45_01%2FS104909651100165Xa.pdf%26code=61d04501e14285b50244640216120c97 Let me suggest another approach, based on two premises. First,¶ we need
AND
soon as is humanly possible, for the sake of unborn¶ generations. Instrumental argumentation and research is key to motivate legislative fence-sitters. Their critical approach is just preaching to the choir which endangers public and decision-making backlashes which turn the case. Only our interp can generate the public debates necessary to ensure survival.Brown 2k11
~[heath, PhD Political Science, Roanoke, Salem, VA, "narrative strategies used by interest groups during the 2008 presidental transition", 2011 Pat-Net Conference~]
Milbrath argues that interest groups must strategically present information so as to ¶ overcome the
AND
the strategies employed and ¶ therefore the content of information presented during lobbying. |
| 09/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octos | Opponent: CSUF CT | Judge: FISH 2K9
~[stanley, "neoliberalism and higher education", professor of humanities and law at Florida International University, visiting professor cardozo, nyt, mar 8, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/08/neoliberalism-and-higher-education/~~]
Harvey and the other critics of neoliberalism explain that once neoliberal goals and priorities become
AND
Israeli academics, an issue I shall take up in my next column. |
| 09/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octos | Opponent: CSUF CT | Judge: The aff’s discussion of waste and trash in the context of energy masks that calculations of waste are steeped in ableism. They are in a double bind – either the aff is a discussion of waste in an analogous context to energy i.e. they link or they aren’t and none of their framework defense will be true.Gregor Wolbring, Verlyn Leopatra, and Jacqueline Noga. 2012. Dept of Community Health Science at the U of Calgary, Canada; Bachelor of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine at the U of Calgary; Faculty of Medicine at the U of Calgary. The Sentiment of Waste and the Measure of Footprints Evaluated Through an Ableism Lens. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics. 22. http://ucalgary.academia.edu/GregorWolbring/Papers/1556464/The_sentiment_of_waste_and_the_measure_of_footprints_evaluated_through_an_ableism_lens
The concept of waste is everywhere. There is radioactive waste ~[1;2
AND
involved and to predict when something will be seen as waste or not. Ableism has empirically been used to justify sexism, disablism, racism, and classismGregor Wolbring. 2008. Dept. of Community Health Sciences at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Politics of Ableism. Development. 51 (252-258).
Ableism against disabled people (Wolbring, 2007a, b, c) reflects a
AND
qualities are ’abilities’ that make them fit for specific duties and occupations. |
| 09/24/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octos | Opponent: CSUF CT | Judge: THEIR CLAIMS ABOUT NEOLIBERALISM ARE JUST CONJECTURE; THERE IS NO SHARED academic UNDERSTANDING OF NEOLIBERALISM NOR ACCUMULATION OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE SO THERE IS NO EPISTEMOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THEIR CLAIMS.BOAS AND MORSE 2K9
~[taylor and Jordan, neoliberalism: from new liberal philosophies, professor of political science uc Berkeley, Despite its prevalence, scholars’ use of the term neoliberalism presents a puzzle. Neoliberalism
AND
takes the place of a direct confrontation of ideas, and meaningful debate suffers |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity KV | Judge: Vague plans texts should be voted against
Stevens ’03 (LtCol USMC (Ret.) Assistant Professor of Criminology California State University Fresno) Stevens http://faculty.ncwc.edu/mstevens/293/293lect02.htm Void-for-Vagueness Doctrine — This requires that legislatures use clear and precise
AND
considered. A modern example would be the "racial profiling" controversy. Violation: 1.The phrase "economic feasibility clause" and "energy policy act of 2005 appears ZERO times on the internet and lexis.Vote Neg on presumption. The aff doesn’t do anything because it is overly vague. They gut our ground for CPs and Disad links |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity KV | Judge: A. Financial incentives are direct, indirect are fiscal incentives
Kurtz ’02
Emile Noel Fellow, Jean Monnet Center for International and Regional Economic Law %26 Justice, New York University Law School; Lecturer, Law School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Jurgen 23 U. Pa. J. Int’l Econ. L. 713
Incentives to attract investors into the host state are often linked to performance requirements by
AND
as they generally lack the resources needed to provide direct financial incentives. n64 "FOR" is a limiting term
Clegg, 95 - J.D., 1981 Yale Law School; the author is vice president and general counsel of the National Legal
Center for the Public Interest. (Roger, "Reclaiming The Text of The Takings Clause," 46 S.C. L. Rev. 531,
Summer, lexis) Even if it made no sense to limit the clause to takings "for public
AND
no doubt that the phrase is narrowing the scope of the Amendment. n20 C. Ground. Our interp ensures fair ground for the aff and predictable links for the neg. Direct incentives for energy production means topic literature provided DA and K linksDyson et al, 3 - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Megan, Flow: The Essentials of Environmental Flows, p. 67-68) Understanding of the term ’incentives’ varies and economists have produced numerous typologies. A
AND
these incentives within the realm of economic and fiscal policy is practically limitless. D. T is a voter for fairness and education. Extra T dejustifies the resolution and demands a neg ballot. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity KV | Judge: Lovich %26 Ennen ’11
Jeffrey and Joshua, "Wildlife Development and Solar Energy Development in the Desert Southwest, United States," Bioscience Volume 61 No. 12 Pages 982-992 http://www.avhidesert.com/pdf/downloaded_file-1.pdf-http://www.avhidesert.com/pdf/downloaded_file-1.pdf Habitat fragmentation. Until relatively recently, the desert Southwest was characterized by large blocks
AND
the adjacent coastal region of southern California (Delaney et al. 2010). Desert Tortoise is a keystone species, keeps hundreds of species alive and soil correctBecker ’12
Kendall is an environmental researcher at the University of Washington, "Renewable Energy, Fire, and the Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise," http://scienceinshort.wordpress.com/2012/03/13/renewable-energy-fire-and-the-agassizs-desert-tortoise/-http://scienceinshort.wordpress.com/2012/03/13/renewable-energy-fire-and-the-agassizs-desert-tortoise/ At the forefront of this debate is the Agassiz’s desert tortoise. The tortoise is
AND
, by extension, the entire desert ecosystem, is a pressing one. (Caroline, "Could Re-Wilding Avert the 6th Great Extinction?," 1/5, Scientific American, Adapted from the book REWILDING THE WORLD: Dispatches from the Conservation Revolution by Caroline Fraser, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-re-wilding-avert-6th-great-extinction-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-re-wilding-avert-6th-great-extinction) Why do species matter? Why worry if some go missing? Part of the
AND
, havoc ensues, triggering human and natural catastrophe on an unprecedented scale. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity KV | Judge: Merriam-Websters, 2010 (Online dictionary)
used as a function word before a noun or a substantivized adjective to indicate reference to a group as a whole Devins, ’92
(William and Mary Associate Poli Sci Prof, July, 80 Calif. L. Rev. 1027) Courts matter. They matter a lot. Sometimes their orders set in motion market
AND
role in our system of separated powers, but they are judicial influences nonetheless Ward ’9
(Artemus Ward, Professor at NIU, Political Foundations of Judicial Supremacy, Congress and The Presidency, pg. 119) After the old order has collapse the once- united, new-regime coalition
AND
division of labor exists between politicians and judges affiliated with the dominant regime. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity KV | Judge: hochroth 95
~lysa, "the scientific imperative: improductive expenditure and energeticism", configurations 3.1, 47-77~ For Bataille, what we can express and what we know are not necessarily the
AND
, there is an affirmation of difference throughout the cycle of improductive expenditure. ALTERNATIVE: REJECT THE 1AC’S PURSUIT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN FAVOR OF POSTSUSTAINABILITY WHICH AFFIRMS THE ROLE OF EXPENDITURE AND OF CONSUMPTION AS THE MIRROR OF CONSERVATION.
Stoekle 2k7
~allen, professor of French and comparative literature at Penn State University "bataille’s peak: energy, waste, and postsustainability" p. 144-5~
Just as in The Accursed Share, where the survival of the planet will be
AND
energy inefficiency, in the squandering of time, of effort of focus. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Trinity KV | Judge: Solar scaleup impossible- Germany, California and decades proveOC Register 12-27
Orange County Register, "Solar Power Failures Adding Up," http://www.ocregister.com/opinion/solar-333211-energy-company.html-http://www.ocregister.com/opinion/solar-333211-energy-company.html Sooner or later, the laws of economics prevail, even in heavily subsidized industries
AND
these systems cost-effective. Sooner or later, economic reality prevails. Smil ’12
Vaclav is a distinguished Professor in the department of Environment and Geography at the University of Manibota, "A Skeptic Looks at Alternative Energy," July http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/a-skeptic-looks-at-alternative-energy/4 Perhaps the most misunderstood aspect of energy transitions is their speed. Substituting one form
AND
decades of expensive commitment. It is the work of generations of engineers. Solar causes NF3 increases – that causes extreme warming Conniff ’12
Guggenheim Fellow, 08 (Richard, National Magazine Award-winning writer, has written for Yale e360 about carbon offsets and clean coal, November 13, "The Greenhouse Gas That Nobody Knew," http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2085, d/a 8-2-12, ads) When industry began using NF3 in high-tech manufacturing, it was hailed as
AND
reassuring, it also suggests the complicated character of the global warming problem. The environment is indestructible Easterbrook 95
Distinguished Fellow, Fullbright Foundation
(Gregg, A Moment on Earth pg 25) IN THE AFTERMATH OF EVENTS SUCH AS LOVE CANAL OR THE Exxon Valdez oil spill
AND
are pinpricks compared to forces of the magnitude nature is accustomed to resisting. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wayne State | Judge: We affirm critical ecological literacy as a methodological pre-requisite to the following statement. Resolves: The 50 States should increase financial incentives for decentralized Solar and Wind energy options in the United States.Call it "Renewable Energy" reifies the consumptive worldview and justifies throwing sewage into our riversSpaceman Spiff 07/26/07, 18:07 I hate the term renewable energy ¶ Calling wind and solar power renewable energy is
AND
just keep on finding more oil and gas forever and ever and ever. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wayne State | Judge: Bloomberg 6-28
"Abound Failure Revives Debate over Obama Solar Policies," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-29/abound-failure-revives-debate-over-obama-solar-policies.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-29/abound-failure-revives-debate-over-obama-solar-policies.html The failure of a second solar manufacturer that received loan guarantees from the U.
AND
adds to the weight of how ridiculous this was," Jordan told reporters. Approval Rating is key, lines up perfectly with reelection
Silver ’11
Nate directs five thirty eight and is a statistician, "Approval Ratings and Reelection Odds," http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/approval-ratings-and-re-election-odds/-http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/approval-ratings-and-re-election-odds/ Earlier this month, we posted the simple version of a finding, based on
AND
— and that would not have been true a couple of months ago. Romney win leads to most hostile right wing takeover in history and overturns all green energy it also causes- tax cuts for rich, end of Dodd-Frank, no healthcare and end to key education incentives
Alterman 8-8
Eric is a Distinguished Professor of English at Brooklyn College, "President Romney?" http://www.thenation.com/article/169287/president-romney~~%23-http://www.thenation.com/article/169287/president-romney a Romney White House, those digits may go limp with fatigue. A Romney
AND
not your author—can predict, save for one thing: chaos. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wayne State | Judge:
Production process causes more warming De Decker ’08
Low-tech Magazine Contributor, 08 (Kris, March 03, "The ugly side of solar panels," http://www.energybulletin.net/authors/Kris+De+Decker, d/a 8-2-12, ads)\
Producing electricity from solar cells reduces air pollutants and greenhouse gases by about 90 percent
AND
brings about more air pollution, heavy metal emissions and also greenhouse gases. Intermittency means solar fails – causes coal use – causes more emissions Zycher ’12
Pacific Research Institute Senior Fellow, 12¶ (Benjamin, Martin V. Smith School of Business and Economics adjunct professor, associate in the Intelligence Community Associates Program of the Office of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, U.S. Department of State, former senior staff economist for the President’s Council of Economic Advisers, April 19, "Zycher testimony to joint House subcommittee hearing on subsidies for renewable energy," http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/alternative-energy/zycher-testimony-to-joint-house-subcommittee-hearing-on-subsidies-for-renewable-energy/, d/a 8-1-12,)
Low Availability and Intermittency. Electric energy in large amounts cannot be ¶ stored at
AND
.5 percent) and 4.8 GW (or 21 percent). |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Michigan | Judge: Sprung, 9/21
(Andrew Sprung is a political commentator %26 media consultant. He is the CEO of Sprung PR and hold a PhD from the University of Rochestor, "Ezra Klein’s unconvincing theory that Obama misunderstands (or misrepresents) "change," http://xpostfactoid.blogspot.com/2012/09/ezra-kleins-unconvincing-theory-that.html) In my view, Klein is viewing this question too narrowly. Obama is well
AND
can. And that’s why I think they’re responding in such large numbers.
Cue the political science eye-roll. The American people were not "determined
AND
, or control health-care choices that women should make for themselves. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 1/9/12, Obama Plays Safe on Energy Policy, Lexis With less than a year to go until he faces re-election, US
AND
repeat this success in other energy policy areas ( PIW Feb.23’09 ). Hutchison, U.S. Senator from the great state of Texas, 9/21/2012
(Kay Bailey, "A Looming Threat to National Security," States News Service, Lexis) Despite warnings of the dire consequences, America is teetering at the edge of a
AND
the harsh tax increases that could stall economic growth and punish working families. James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ’9 (Spring) "Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East" IFRI, Proliferation Papers, ~%2326, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)
AND
the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Michigan | Judge: Chengxin Pan, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, at Deakin University, August 2004, Discourses Of ’China’ In International Relations: A Study in Western Theory as (IR) Practice, p. 141-142
These are some of the questions in the minds of Western/American strategic analysts
AND
’discover’ a China threat out there; it was cognitively constructed beforehand. China Threat Thesis creates a self-fufilling prophecy
Al-Rodhan 2k7
~khalid, a critique of the china threat theory: a systematic analysis, asian perspective 31, 3, 41-66~ Methodologically, the "China threat" is a hypothesis about¶ the future.
AND
maritime¶ security in the Pacific, and the potential militarization of Japan. Hoffmann 2k12
~Jeanne, unpacking images of china using causal layered analysis, Macquarie university, Australia, journal of future studies, 16(3):1-24, PhD Candidate – Political Science, March~ The transformation of China in the last thirty years has changed the world, and
AND
limited and potentially dangerous thinking and allow a new story of transformation to occur |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Michigan | Judge: Rees ’11
~Eifion Rees is the Ecologist’s acting Green Living Editor. http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/952238/dont_believe_the_spin_on_thorium_being_a_greener_nuclear_option.html-http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/952238/dont_believe_the_spin_on_thorium_being_a_greener_nuclear_option.html ETB~ ¶ There is a significant sticking point to the promotion of thorium as the ’
AND
technical hurdles the rest of the nuclear club have discovered, he says. Chinese thorium development not zero sum- US gets all the info through collaboration program Westerhaus 6/2/12
~Brian is the editor of the popular energy technology site New Energy and Fuel. http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/U.S.-China-Collaborate-on-Thorium-Nuclear-Power-Research.html-http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/U.S.-China-Collaborate-on-Thorium-Nuclear-Power-Research.html ETB~ Mark Halper writing for SmartPlanet reports-http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/us-partners-with-china-on-new-nuclear/17037 the U.S. Department of Energy is
AND
– the information and technical advice seems to be part of the deal. Chinese thorium leadership solves resource wars Evans-Pritchard ’11
~Ambrose Evans-Pritchard is International Business Editor of The Daily Telegraph. He has covered world politics and economics for 30 years, based in Europe, the US, and Latin America. He joined the Telegraph in 1991, serving as Washington correspondent and later Europe correspondent in Brussels. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/8393984/Safe-nuclear-does-exist-and-China-is-leading-the-way-with-thorium.html-http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/8393984/Safe-nuclear-does-exist-and-China-is-leading-the-way-with-thorium.html ETB~ A few weeks before the tsunami struck Fukushima’s uranium reactors and shattered public faith in
AND
as Asia’s industrial revolutions clash head-on with the West’s entrenched consumption. China takes 30 years to build
Tickell ’12
~Oliver, "Thorium: Not Green, Not Viable, Not Likely." Journalist and author of Kyoto2; http://www.nuclearfreeplanet.org/thorium-not-green-not-viable-and-not-likely-oliver-tickell-june-2012-.html, mg~ Despite the resurgence of interest in the MSR / LFTR technology, there are no concrete plans to build even a single such reactor. China currently appears most likely to provide the funding necessary to develop LFTR technology due to that country’s relatively large nuclear programme and the government’s willingness to invest in new energy generation technologies. But even there any production-scale LFTR is unlikely to materialise for 20-30 years. Ikenberry ’8
(G. John, professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University, The Rise of China and the Future of the West Can the Liberal System Survive? Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb) Some observers believe that the American era is coming to an end, as the
AND
, but the Western order — if managed properly — will live on. China has no national policy and won’t develop a single reactor
Ramana %26 Saikawa ’11
M.V. and Eri are respectively, a Nuclear Futures Laboratory and Program
AND
Politics in Chinese Nuclear Policy," Energy Volume 36, Issue 12, December It is often stated that because China is not a multi-party democracy,
AND
nuclear development path will, in both scenarios, be characterized by diversity. Heg not solve war –
A. No threats require primacy and other factors ensure security. Friedman and Preble 10 (Benjamin Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies at the Cato Institute, Christopher Preble is director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint, September 22, 2010 Cato Policy Analysis No. 667 September 23, 2010 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf The United States confuses what it wants from its military, which is global primacy
AND
resentment. Global military primacy is a game not worth the candle.56
B. No war – States have an incentive to avoid it. Zakaria 08 (Fareed Zakaria, editor of Newsweek International, 2008, The Post-American World, p. 244)
In certain areas – the South China Sea, for example – U.S
AND
futile and unnecessary. Small work-arounds might be just as effective. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Michigan | Judge: Chinese Prolif leadership is good- they follow norms and don’t give sensitive tech away
Boutin ’11
J.D. Kenneth is a lecturer in international relations at the School of International and Political Studies at Deakin University in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, "Changing the Guard? China and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation," Asian Politics %26 Policy Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 349–364, July 2011 China has had a difficult relationship with the nuclear nonproliferation regime. This has been
AND
to the Chinese government and the depth of its commitment to this approach. Export restrictions means still lose to China
Blomberg 10/1
(Brian Wingfield, "Nuclear Firms Seek Eased Export Rules as U.S. Demand Wanes" http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-01/nuclear-companies-seek-relaxed-export-rules-as-u-s-demand-wanes.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-01/nuclear-companies-seek-relaxed-export-rules-as-u-s-demand-wanes.html, SEH)
"For U.S. exporters and their customers, navigating the bureaucratic maze
AND
the largest U.S. owner and operator of commercial nuclear reactors. US nuclear leadership is irrelevant—countries won’t buy US if its constraining
Lewis 12
Jeffrey Lewis, director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation, 8/1/12, It’s Not as Easy as 1-2-3, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/01/it_s_not_as_easy_as_1_2_3?page=full Creating market incentives to discourage the spread of enrichment and reprocessing seems like a reasonable
AND
developing states might try to copy them rather than simply become their customers. Thorium doesn’t solve prolif Makhijani and Boyd ’9
~Arjun Makhijani and Michele Boyd. "Thorium Fuel: No Panacea for Nuclear Power." A Fact Sheet Produced by the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and Physicians for Social Responsibility. ETB~ Thorium is not actually a "fuel" because it is not fissile and therefore
AND
(compared to uranium-238) to produce fissile uranium-233.
The use of enriched uranium or plutonium in thorium fuel has proliferation implications. Although
AND
.7% uranium-235, to 20% U-235. Low probability and long timeframe for attacks Kimery 11 – Homeland Security Today’s senior reporter and online editor (Anthony, W. Scott Malone, multiple Emmy and Peabody award-winning investigative journalist and former senior editor of NavySEALs.com. He runs the website’s counterterrorism newsletter spin-off, "BlackNET Intelligence Channel," 05/12, "Al Qaeda Could Try to Replicate Fukushima-type Meltdowns," http://www.hstoday.us/blogs/the-kimery-report/blog/al-qaeda-could-try-to-replicate-fukushima-type-meltdowns/aa96292934d83bb8c9f97fd9d685f32b.html) Despite the vulnerabilities of nuclear power plants that Faddis and the Government Accountability Office pointed out in recent years, Lopez said "I think it’s much more likely that spontaneous, uncoordinated and less complex revenge attacks may be launched in the near future than that a complex attack vs. Western nuclear facilities would be ready to go any time soon." Prolif will be small and doesn’t escalate
Seng, phd candidate in Political Science @ Chicago 97 ~Security Studies~ Summer pg. 63
Minor proliferators are likely to enjoy two main sorts of command and control advantages
AND
to help alleviate dangers of minor proliferators losing possession of their nuclear weapons. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Michigan | Judge: Anderson, AOL Energy, 9-12-12
(Jared, "The Flawed US Energy Policy Discussion," http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/12/the-flawed-us-energy-policy-discussion) Are the energy industry and the business of politics incompatible?¶ It could be the
AND
and is too complex to be evaluated in two or four year segments. Cost uncertainties overwhelm loan guarantees for new reactor types Atkinson et al. ’11
~Rob Atkinson, President, Information Technology and Innovation Foundation; Professor Netra Chhetri
AND - Michael Shellenberger, President, Breakthrough Institute "Climate Pragmatism." ETB~
Technological obstacles to scaling up alternative energy sources aside, the cost of most present
AND
the federal government to help re-launch a domestic nuclear power industry. Loan guarantees aren’t enough to overcome market uncertainty NYT ’11
~"U.S. Pushes, But Reactors Are Lagging" 2/1/11, ETB~ But some obstacles are specific to the nuclear industry, like the ballooning cost estimates for construction of reactors, which are massive in scale. Even when projects are identified as prime candidates for federal loan guarantees, some investment partners turn wary. ’’All that uncertainty creates an incentive for you to wait,’’ said Joseph E. Aldy, who was a special assistant to President Obama until December. Nuclear is failing because its uneconomic- loan guarantees aren’t enough to solve and risk creating a speculation bubble Cooper ’11
~Mark Cooper Senior Research Fellow for Economic Analysis Institute for Energy and the Environment, Vermont Law School. AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET FORCES THAT MAKE NUCLEAR REACTORS RISKY INVESTMENTS. ETB~ The following charts vividly illustrate the folly of the federal government taking further steps to make nuclear even more of a "ward of the state."
Factor 1: Nuclear reactors cost much more than the industry projected when it made
AND
in the textbooks as an example of market mania on a grand scale. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: Harrison 12
Todd Harrison, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Priorities, 8/24/2012, ANALYSIS OF THE FY 2013 DEFENSE BUDGET AND SEQUESTRATION, http://www.csbaonline.org/publications/2012/08/analysis-of-the-fy2013-defense-budget-and-sequestration/ The Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 defense budget currently being debated in Congress is
AND
unscathed and the Department will likely be forced to revise its strategic guidance. USA Today 9
USA Today, 8/1/2009, Cost overruns for reactors in the offing., www.thefreelibrary.com/Cost+overruns+for+reactors+in+the+offing.-a0206055211 The likely cost of electricity for a new generation of nuclear reactors would be 12
AND
disappointment in a mixture reminiscent of other failed Federal policies in recent years." Spencer 11
research fellow in nuclear energy – Heritage, 6/22/’11
(Jack, "Capability, Not Politics, Should Drive DOD Energy Research," http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/06/capability-not-politics-should-drive-dod-energy-research) With multiple wars ongoing, traditional threats looming, and new ones emerging, the
AND
things that have no market value—hence the need for government support. Resourced strategic guidance key to overall hegemony, and Asia and Middle East stabilityBarno and Bensahel 12
David Barno, Lieutenant General, Center for a New American Security Senior Advisor and Senior Fellow, Nora Bensahel, Ph.D., CNAS Deputy Director of Studies and Senior Fellow, 1/6/12, You Can’t Have It All, www.cnas.org/node/7641 On Thursday, President Barack Obama and his top defense advisers unveiled new strategic guidance
AND
United States can continue to play the central role on the global stage. Asia conflict likely and goes nuclear warLandy 2k
Landy, National Security Expert @ Knight Ridder, 3/10/’2K ¶ (Jonathan, Knight Ridder, lexis) Few if any experts think China and Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea,
AND
that totaled %24600 billion last year, according to the Commerce Department. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: The 1ac’s failed states discourse is ahistorical. It fails as an explanatory method and entrenches inequity.Jones 2k8
~branwen, the global political economy of social crisis: towards a critique of the failed state ideology, dept of politics Goldsmith College, review of internal political economy, 15:2, 180-205~ Three defining features of the ’failed states’ discourse determine its ahistorical nature and inadequate
AND
and entrenchment of imperial structures and in- terventions is legitimized and normalized. Failed state discourse creates perpetual others against whom to define the western norm of responsible governance.
Hill 2k5
~jonathon, beyond the other? a postcolonial critique of the failed state thesis, african identities, vol 3, no 42, p139-154, lecturer in defense studies at joint services command and staff college~
The state failure literature’s promotion of African states as the deviant Other stems from how
AND
, economic and social problems that have resulted in their description as failed. and, this rejection of their failed state discourse is key to contest their imperial myths.
Hill 2k5
~jonathon, beyond the other? a postcolonial critique of the failed state thesis, african identities, vol 3, no 42, p139-154, lecturer in defense studies at joint services command and staff college~
Since the late 1980s, descriptions of African states as weak, quasi, failed
AND
societies as the deviant Other to those of Western Europe and North America.
Toward that end the article is divided into two main sections. The first part
AND
societies as imperfect copies of West European and North American states be countered. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: Local community backlash - Even your solvency advocates admit the link is true and highly likelyAndres and Breetz 11
Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf Small reactors used on domestic military bases are ¶ likely to face a number of
AND
determining whether Permissive ¶ Action Links technology could be used to safeguard them. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: Hersh 10
Hersh, Pulitzer prize winning investigative journalist, 11-1-10¶ ~Seymour, "The Online Threat," http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/11/01/101101fa_fact_hersh?currentPage=1~~%23ixzz13ce5kOXU,~ The most common cyber-war scare scenarios involve America’s electrical grid. Even the
AND
experts like Clarke and many in the military, can also protect networks. Grid breaks down all the time- means that critical power users have back-ups and we already know how to deal with blackouts
Ghosh, Time, 09
(Bobby Ghosh, 4-15-09, Time, "How Vulnerable is the Power Grid?," http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1891562,00.html)
•The most critical power users — the military, hospitals, the banking system
AND
section of the power grid goes down, we start it up again." USA Today 8-1
"Similar Blackout is unlikely in the U.S.," USA Today page 8-1 A massive, countrywide power failure like the one in India is "extremely unlikely
AND
the chance of that interconnection breaking up is always there," he said. Alic ’12,
former tech and science consultant – Office of Technology Assessment, adjunt professor – Johns Hopkins SAIS, John, "Defense Department Energy Innovation: Three Cases," in Energy Innovation at the Department of Defense: Assessing the Opportunities, March In any event, should serious bottlenecks in fuel supplies¶ appear, the United
AND
have more¶ to fear from supply constrictions and price rises than DoD. No scenario for a cut-off and the SPR solvesGreen, resident scholar – AEI, 7/2/’12
(Kenneth P., "End the DoD’s green energy fuelishness," AEI) Virtually none of these arguments pass a laugh test. Yes, when conventional fuels
AND
... the SPR could power the military by itself for almost 6 years. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas | Judge: China already sold a bunch of Arms to Africa and has been for a long timeBachrach 8-28
Judy is a contributing editor for Vanity Fair and a professor of investigative journalism at John Cabot University, "China and the U.S. Repeat History in Africa," http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/judy-bachrach/china-and-us-repeat-history-africa-http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/judy-bachrach/china-and-us-repeat-history-africa What is the only thing every history professor believes in common? That history doesn’t
AND
be considered an endearing move by the Egyptian leader. (It was.) Export.gov 10
(List of government rules on exports, "123 Agreements", http://export.gov/civilnuclear/eg_main_022093.asp-http://export.gov/civilnuclear/eg_main_022093.asp, SEH) For significant nuclear exports, the country must have a 123 Agreement for peaceful nuclear
AND
discharging machines, complete control rod drive units, and primary coolant pumps). African conflict won’t draw in others Taire ’4
(Morenike, April 9, Vanguard (Nigeria), Global News Wire – Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, p. Lexis) Defining our role may not have to be as difficult as it might first seem
AND
of others. We can no longer be calm, cool and collected. Kato ’8
(Yoichi, bureau chief of the American General Bureau of the Asahi Shimbun, "Return from 9/11 PTSD to Global Leader," Washington Quarterly, Fall 2008, lexis) The challenges that the Asia Pacific will face in the foreseeable future will not likely
AND
growth of its economy while avoiding any military adventurism against the United States. Takes years after development to export SMR’s
Kessides %26 Kuznetov 8-14
Ioannis is with the Development Group at the World Bank and Vladimir is a Consultant with the World Bank, "Small Modular Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries," http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/4/8/1806/htm-http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/4/8/1806/htm The generally acknowledged challenge for SMRs is to provide levelized unit electricity cost that is
AND
operate for several years before they are offered for export to developing countries. Bourget 11
(Remy, Brown University student majoring in Middle Eastern Studies and International Relations, with a focus on Global Security. Intern at Center for Advanced Defense Studies, "Small Modular Reactors: Opportunity for Global Leadership and Innovation" Center for Advanced Defense Studies, 7/1/11, http://www.c4ads.org/global-security-monitor/small-modular-reactors-opportunity-global-leadership-and-innovation-http://www.c4ads.org/global-security-monitor/small-modular-reactors-opportunity-global-leadership-and-innovation, SEH) Proliferation is another important security concern, and there are two opposing views in the
AND
enrich uranium from 20% to 90%, which is weapons-grade. East Asian Hegemony Impossible- Counterbalancing
Green ’12
Michael is an associate professor of international relations at Georgetown University. He is also a senior adviser and holds the Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, "China Periphery: Implications for U.S. Policy and Interests," Foreign Policy Research Institution In recent years scholars and policy planners have asserted three possible ¶ scenarios for the
AND
even if it was only a matter of perceptions in the first place. U.S. influence in Asia is high now- Japan andGreen ’12
Michael is an associate professor of international relations at Georgetown University. He is also a senior adviser and holds the Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, "China Periphery: Implications for U.S. Policy and Interests," Foreign Policy Research Institution Much as the United States suffered setbacks in the wake of the 1997-98
AND
of a U.S. ¶ "pivot" to Asia.9 Chinese Prolif leadership is good- they follow norms and don’t give sensitive tech away
Boutin ’11
J.D. Kenneth is a lecturer in international relations at the School of International and Political Studies at Deakin University in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, "Changing the Guard? China and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation," Asian Politics %26 Policy Volume 3, Issue 3, pages 349–364, July 2011 China has had a difficult relationship with the nuclear nonproliferation regime. This has been
AND
to the Chinese government and the depth of its commitment to this approach. |
| 10/20/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wake LM | Judge:
Depictions of the Iranian nuclear bomb threat replicate Orientalism
Izadi, doctoral student in communication, and Saghaye-Biria, master’s student in mass communication @ Louisiana State University, 2007
(Foad and Hakimeh, Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol 31, No 2, p. ) This study supports Karim (2000) and McAlister’s (2001) findings that,
AND
other European nuclear powers shows the limits of media criticism of official policies. The alternative: Vote Negative to Embrace the 1AC without the justification that the plan should be done to stop Iranian Proliferation. These racist dichotomies grant states the power to exterminate – this is the root of all war
Mendieta, 2002
Eduardo Mendieta, 2002, "To Make Live and to Let Die – Foucault and Racism This is where racism intervenes, not from without, exogenously, but from within
AND
of the living, then these threat and foes are biological in nature. |
| 10/20/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wake LM | Judge: HTGRs not a "game-changer" and global uranium shortage jacks solvencyDaryan Energy 9/30/12
~http://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/ca/part-7-fast-gas/, mg~ Nuclear energy supporters will generally at this point discuss using Thorium and alternative reactor designs
AND
) in the world to meet our needs, as I discuss here. |
| 10/20/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wake LM | Judge: Give a US-Russia war impact zero probability – politics, military superiority, economic concerns, and nuclear security all check war Thomas Graham 7, senior advisor on Russia in the US National Security Council staff 2002-2007, September 2007, "Russia in Global Affairs" July - September 2007, The Dialectics of Strength and Weakness
http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1129.html-http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1129.html An astute historian of Russia, Martin Malia, wrote several years ago that "
AND
while laying the basis for more constructive long-term relations with Russia. Prolif co-op will continue despite disagreements Sestanovich et al,’6 ( top Russia expert at the Council on Foreign Relations, Steven, www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Russia_TaskForce.pdf-http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Russia_TaskForce.pdf)
We do not believe that either of these approaches is correct. In America’s relations
AND
. They will not cease to cooperate merely because they disagree on other matters Even with better relations, Moscow won’t prevent a nuclear Iran – fear of economic losses and better Tehran-US relations Legvold ’9
Legvold, Robert, Marshall D. Shulman Professor Emeritus at Columbia University and Director of the project Rethinking U.S. Policy Toward Russia. "The Russia File." Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 88, Issue 4 Admittedly, this apparent goodwill does not guarantee success with Moscow, let alone Tehran
AND
rapprochement between Washington and Tehran that either government could then use against Moscow. Shipping prevents theft from Russia. Linzer ’04 ~Dafna, Washington Post Staff Writer, Dec. 29, http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/showArticle3.cfm?Article_ID=10751-http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/showArticle3.cfm?Article_ID=10751~~
Transporting a weapon out of Russia would provide another formidable obstacle for terrorists. Most of the ready-made bombs that could be stolen would be those made with plutonium, which emits far higher levels of radiation and is therefore more easily detected by passive sensors at ports than is highly enriched uranium, or HEU. US-Russian relations are cyclical- prevents full relations collapse Xing ’12
~Li Xing, director for Russian studies at the School of Political Science and International Studies at Beijing Normal University. Interviewed by Ling Yi at the Global Times.
http://www.globaltimes.cn/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Print.aspx?tabid=99%26tabmoduleid=94%26articleId=709170%26moduleId=405%26PortalID=0-http://www.globaltimes.cn/DesktopModules/DnnForge - NewsArticles/Print.aspx?tabid=99%26tabmoduleid=94%26articleId=709170%26moduleId=405%26PortalID=0 ETB~ Russia-US relations are constantly cyclical. As the US presidential election is coming
AND
needs the Kremlin’s support on international security issues such as Iran and Syria. Long timeframe for relations good impacts Hart and Simes 09
Gary Hart is the Wirth Chair at the University of Colorado at Denver and is also a former Democratic U.S. senator from Colorado. Dmitri K. Simes is the publisher of The National Interest "The Road to Moscow." National Interest, 08849382, May/Jun2009, Issue 101 Even the best American strategy is unlikely to produce breakthroughs .or the sudden transformation of our current near rivalry into a beautiful friendship. But pretending to cooperate with Russia, as we have done for almost two decades, is not a responsible course in the current troubled world. Especially if the help we need from Moscow on America’s national-security priorities is not make-believe, but real. No Middle East prolif in response to an Iranian bomb. Yaphne, 05
(PhD. Senior Research Fellow, Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.iranwatch.org/ourpubs/roundtables/rt-iranianbomb-090105.htm) Although an Iranian bomb would cause Iran’s regional rivals to consider whether to acquire nuclear
AND
States is very likely to convince these states not to acquire a bomb. |
| 10/20/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Wake LM | Judge: HTGR not inherently better for prolif- still carries risk because of high enrichment level
Arjun Makhijani electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and Michele Boyd, former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for Social Responsibility. Previously, Michele was the legislative director of Public Citizen’s Energy Program 2012 http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf-http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf-http://www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf-http:/www.psr.org/nuclear-bailout/resources/small-modular-reactors-no.pdf The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) is a¶ high-temperature gas
AND
consisting of uranium dioxide fuel¶ pellets) or vitrified high level waste. John R. Lyman, Atlantic Council, 2009, United States-China Cooperation on nuclear power, http://www.acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/65/AtlanticCouncil-USChinaNuclearPower.pdf
¶ The U.S. and China signed a Bilateral Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperative
AND
lead to demonstration fuel containing minor actinides being used in Japan’s Monju reactor. Turn: Tritium Production—a) HTGRs produce tritium, this blurs the line between civilian and military nuclear powerSolomon 92
~Kenneth, RAND report, "Generating Tritium Using Civilian Reactors: A Preliminary Evaluation of Alternative Concepts", http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/2009/N3203-1.pdf-http://www.rand.org/pubs/notes/2009/N3203-1.pdf, mg~ General Atomics (LaJolla, CA) has conceived of an HTGR design for generating tritium. This design would also allow steam to be produced to run a turbine and generate electricity. The other civilian-derived concepts would likely be dedicated to pure production. And, as such, separating the civilian energy-producing task from the military, tritium-producing task may offer a specific challenge for the HTGR specifically. b) this crushes US nuclear leadership and fuels terrorism, turns caseGLOBAL SECURITY NEWSWIRE 2/5/10 (http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100205_9220.php, MG) Producing tritium at the second site could raise the threat of terrorism in the region
AND
Watts Bar, not expand where we are making tritium to another plant." |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern BF | Judge: Protectionism not kill trade.
Guoqiang 9—director of foreign economic relations research for China’s State Council (Long, "Is Protectionism a Threat to the World Economy?," 6 March 2009, http://www.eeo.com.cn/ens/finance_investment/2009/03/06/131493.shtml) khirn
I don’t think we’ll end up with a trade war. Countries mostly adopt protectionist
AND
bilateral negotiation process. It just becomes more intense during times of crisis. Trade wars don’t go hot
Bearce ’03 ~David, Associate Prof. Pol. Sci. @ U. Pittsburgh, International Studies Quarterly, "Grasping the Commercial Institutional Peace", 47:3, Blackwell-Synergy~
Even as we accept that such trade dispute settlement mechanisms help resolve economic conflict,
AND
commercial institutions simply have no jurisdiction or power to resolve highly contentious territorial disagreements WSJ 9-17
"China Goes to WTO Over U.S. Tariff Law," http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444450004578001864184711522.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444450004578001864184711522.html China has taken its complaint over a new U.S. tariff law to
AND
, which GPX says violates the constitutional prohibition against ex post facto laws. Wang and Li 11 (Jianhua and Yunlu—Xinhua news agency, citing Ni Feng, Vice President of the Institute of American Studies underthe Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zhao Jinping, vice director of the Foreign Economic Department of the Development Research Center (DRC) of the State Council "China-US trade war no good for anyone", October 13, 2011. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90780/7616581.html Economic and trade analysts say that if the United States passes into law a bill
AND
the U.S. government to impose higher tariffs on overseas competitors. Economic decline does not cause war
Miller 2k
(Morris, economist, adjunct professor in the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Administration, consultant on international development issues, former Executive Director and Senior Economist at the World Bank, Winter, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, Iss. 4, "Poverty as a cause of wars?" p. Proquest) The question may be reformulated. Do wars spring from a popular reaction to a
AND
by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another). Bremmer, 10 – president of Eurasia Group and author (Ian Bremmer, "China vs. America: Fight of the Century," Prospect, March 22, 2010, http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2010/03/china-vs-america-fight-of-the-century/)
China will not mount a military challenge to the US any time soon. Its
AND
largely co-opted already by offering Taiwan’s business elite privileged investment opportunities. Durban doesn’t solve
Hodgkinson 9-20
David is a lawyer and an expert on writing treaties about Climate Change, "Climate Conversion- Is Progress on Climate Change an Illusion," http://www.trust.org/alertnet/blogs/climate-conversations/is-progress-on-climate-change-an-illusion/-http://www.trust.org/alertnet/blogs/climate-conversations/is-progress-on-climate-change-an-illusion/ The world is not organised to deal with the climate change problem. Climate change
AND
of the European Union, that argument will be much harder to make." GOP Blocks
Harvey ’12
Fiona is an environmental correspondent for the Guardian, "Republican Presidential Win would Lose U.S. Ground to China- UN Climate Chief," http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/mar/09/republican-climate-change-us-president-china?newsfeed=true-http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/mar/09/republican-climate-change-us-president-china?newsfeed=true The United Nations climate chief has warned that US voters risk ceding progress to China
AND
to achieve a globally co-ordinated effort to tackle greenhouse gas emissions.¶ Salehyan ’7
~Idean Salehyan, assistant professor of political science at the University of North Texas. "The New Myth About Climate Change", Foreign Policy, August 2007, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3922-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3922~~ First, aside from a few anecdotes, there is little systematic empirical evidence that
AND
there is much more to armed conflict than resource scarcity and natural disasters. No impact to warming
Mendelsohn 9,
(Robert O. the Edwin Weyerhaeuser Davis Professor, Yale School of¶ Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, June 2009, "Climate Change and¶ Economic Growth," online: http://www.growthcommission.org/storage/cgdev/documents/¶ gcwp060web.pdf The heart of the debate about climate change comes from a number of warnings from
AND
range climate risks. What is needed are long-run balanced responses. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern BF | Judge: Recharge 10/24
("Wacker delays start-up of %241.5bn Tennessee polysilicon plant" http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/solar/article325978.ece) Wacker says the dire state of the PV market means the plant will not now
AND
the three months ending September when compared to the same period in 2011. Conventional deterrence outweighs nuclear primacy
George Perkovich, 2009, International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament, May 2009, "Extended Deterrence On The Way To A Nuclear Free World," International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament For Credible Deterrence, Focus on Non-Nuclear Capabilities The most credible and perhaps
AND
. Careless invocations of the nuclear element of extended deterrence should be avoided. Sage Concepts ’10
Sage Concepts studies changes in international markets, "Executive Summary," http://www.sageconceptsonline.com/docs/report1.pdf-http://www.sageconceptsonline.com/docs/report1.pdf The biggest problem in the silicon world had previously been the shortage of polysilicon.
AND
resulted in average polysilicon prices staying constant at ¶ %2455/kg. Sage Concepts ’10
Sage Concepts studies changes in international markets, "Executive Summary," http://www.sageconceptsonline.com/docs/report1.pdf-http://www.sageconceptsonline.com/docs/report1.pdf Semiconductor silicon is becoming a niche product, only 5.9% of the silicon wafer ¶ area produced is for semiconductor production and only 17.6% of the polysilicon ¶ produced goes to semiconductor industry. Solar Industry Magazine 9-14
"Solar Polysilicon Glut Persists as Suppliers Consider Production Cuts," http://solarindustrymag.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.11180-http://solarindustrymag.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.11180 With pricing for photovoltaic polysilicon declining at an accelerated rate in August, there are
AND
is ready to take off soon - eventhough it has yet to materialize. Woody ’12
Forbes Staff, "Solar Installers Caught In Cross Fire Of Escalating China Trade War", 5/18/12, http://www.forbes.com/sites/toddwoody/2012/05/18/solar-installers-caught-in-cross-fire-of-escalating-china-trade-war/, Shayle Kann, vice president of research at GTM Research, says he expects other
AND
75% installation growth in 2012, down from 109% in 2011." Chang ’11
Gordon G Chang, Graduated Cornell Law School "Global Food Wars" http://blogs.forbes.com/gordonchang/2011/02/21/global-food-wars/-http://blogs.forbes.com/gordonchang/2011/02/21/global-food-wars/ In any event, food-price increases have apparently been factors in the unrest
AND
of human innovation in free societies—and the efficiency of free markets. Zeits 9/7/2012
(Richard, Zeits Energy Analytics, Seeking Alpha Investment Analysis, "US gas production to stay high for the next 12-18 months" seekingalpha.com/article/852901-southwestern-energy-u-s-gas-production-to-stay-high-for-the-next-12-18-months)
Mr. Mueller’s forecast, while not bullish at the first glance, in fact
AND
infrastructure has largely been put in place to accommodate massive shale gas volumes. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Army | Judge:
Interpretation- In the United States is within the geographic territority of the United States- excludes Carriers U.S. Department of State 12
~Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual, Volume 7, June 29, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86755.pdf 7 FAM 1112 WHAT IS BIRTH "IN THE UNITED STATES"?¶ AND likewise be significantly reduced. Violation- They are aircraft carriers which roam the seas outside of the United States. C Vote Negative 1 Limits- Allows them to claim a host of aff’s outside the United States. They could put any military facility outside the United States and claim it’s floating sovereignty. Allows SPS, Ice Breakers, Drones and a host of affs. 2 Ground- We lose our best politics links tied to NIMBY. Perception disads tied to being in the U.S. and have unfair advantage ground tied to foreign hotspots. D T is a voter for the reasons above. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Army | Judge:
DOD is moving to a lighter and more agile force structure—2013 budget request is the first step in implementing that strategy.
Zee News 8/7/12
~"Curtailing of defence budget to throw new challenges: Panetta," Zee News, Last Updated: Tuesday, August 07, 2012, 16:48, pg. http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/curtailing-of-defence-budget-to-throw-new-challenges-panetta_792176.html Asked to reduce the defence budget by USD 487 billion over the next decade,
AND
to emphasise the Asia-Pacific and the Middle East," he said. "We will build innovative partnerships and strengthen key alliances and partnerships elsewhere in the world. We must ensure we can quickly confront and defeat aggression from any adversary anytime, anywhere. "Finally, this can’t simply be about cutting we have to make key investments in technologies and capabilities, including our industrial base," said the Defense Secretary. Panetta said the Defense Department’s budget request for 2013 was the first step in implementing this strategy.
They undermine that effort by trading off with modernization investments – turns the aff
Parrish 5/10/12
~Karen Parrish, "Panetta, Dempsey: DOD Budget Request Reflects Tough Choices," American Forces Press Service, May 10, 2012, pg. http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=116287 To meet those cuts, department AND a different balance." Resourced strategic guidance key to overall hegemony, and Asia and Middle East stability
Barno and Bensahel 12
David Barno, Lieutenant General, Center for a New American Security Senior Advisor and Senior Fellow, Nora Bensahel, Ph.D., CNAS Deputy Director of Studies and Senior Fellow, 1/6/12, You Can’t Have It All, www.cnas.org/node/7641 On Thursday, President Barack Obama and his top defense advisers unveiled new strategic guidance
AND
United States can continue to play the central role on the global stage. Extend 1AC Asia Imapct |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Army | Judge:
CP text: the United States federal government should pass the March version of the Cyber Security Act of 2012. The United States Navy should extend the Fleet Response Plan to a 42-month/two-deployment cycle. The United States Navy should homeport additional carriers in Guam. Solves the aff – their author
Eaglen, Senior Policy Analyst for National Security at the Heritage
Foundation, 2k8 (Mackenzie, Aug 1st, "Aircraft Carriers Are Crucial",
The Washington Post)
The committee further directed the Secretary of the Navy to submit a report by next February reviewing potential options, including either returning the retired John F. Kennedy to service or maintaining the Kitty Hawk until the completion of Gerald Ford. Officials should also consider accelerating the delivery of the Ford to the 2013-2014 timeframe.
THEIR CARD ENDS
In the meantime, the Navy should take two additional steps to help surge aircraft
AND
to ensure the answer is, "plentiful, and ready to serve."
Bill gives the DHS enforcement powers that’s key to solve
Weitz 11
(Richard, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis at the Hudson Institute; 4/27 "DHS Grapples with Cyber Threats" http://www.sldinfo.com/dhs-grapples-with-cyber-threats/
The fundamental problem is that, at present, DHS has responsibility to protect all
AND
of critical infrastructure have developed and implemented effective cybersecurity measures. Third-party |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Army | Judge:
Naval forces are resilient – US will continue to outpace competitors
Gates 9 – US Secretary of Defense (Robert M., "A Balaced Strategy" Foreign Affairs January/February 2009, http://www.jmhinternational.com/news/news/selectednews/files/2009/01/20090201_20090101_ForeignAffairs_ABalancedStrategy.pdf) But it is also important to keep some perspective. As much as the U
AND
and deny the U.S. military freedom of movement and action. US Navy is resilient, despite asymmetric threats
Gates 10 – US Secretary of Defense (Robert M., "Navy League Sea-Air-Space Exposition" Remarks Delivered at the National Harbor at Maryland on May 3rd, http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1460-http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1460) We know other nations are working on asymmetric ways to thwart the reach and striking
AND
scalable, and sustainable path to producing the quantity of ships we need. Ahmedinejad concedes war with US highly unlikely – diplomacy checks Presstv 10
~presstv.ir, "Us Attack on Iran highly unlikely", Presstv.ir, http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=126519%26sectionid=351020101-http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=126519%26sectionid=351020101~~ Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has described the potential of a military confrontation between the Islamic
AND
is not just the word of Iran but the word of all nations," Heg inevitable. Goldberg 11
(January 28 2011 "America’s China Syndrome" AEIPPR American Enterprise Institute For Public Policy Research http://www.aei.org/article/103022-http://www.aei.org/article/103022) It’s true that from the early 1990s until around now, America has been essentially
AND
In that sense, the new normal looks a lot like the old normal Heg not solve war –
A. No threats require primacy and other factors ensure security. Friedman and Preble 10 (Benjamin Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies at the Cato Institute, Christopher Preble is director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint, September 22, 2010 Cato Policy Analysis No. 667 September 23, 2010 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf The United States confuses what it wants from its military, which is global primacy
AND
resentment. Global military primacy is a game not worth the candle.56
( ) US will accept its new role peacefully – no backlash Kupchan ’99
Charles A. World Policy Journal "Life after pax Americana" The bad news is that the global stability that unipolarity has engendered will be jeopardized
AND
of competitive balancing and regional rivalries in the wake of an American retrenchment. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Army | Judge:
A. We’ve got plenty of it now. Friedman and Preble 10
(Benjamin Friedman is a research fellow in defense and homeland security studies at the Cato Institute, Christopher Preble is director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint, September 22, 2010 Cato Policy Analysis No. 667 September 23, 2010 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf) We would also eliminate six fighter wing equivalents from the Air Force. There are
AND
aerial vehicles, given their flexibility and low cost relative to manned aircraft. B. Air power fails. Kelly ’2 (Michael, editor of the Atlantic Monthly, April, The Atlantic Monthly, "The Air-Power Revolution," http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2002/04/kelly.htm) But air power did not succeed in these tasks. Germany rested its (always
AND
engaged in high-risk daylight bombing, also lost almost that number. US primacy in Asia and the Pacific is over – even before the crash of 08, China was already catching up Rachman 11
(Gideon Rachman, Financial Times chief foreign affairs commentator, Zero-Sum Future, 2011, pp 187-188) Even before the crash of 2008, the military balance between China and the United
AND
you find questions about how long American military dominance can be maintained."25 |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge:
The affirmative’s move to prevent the spread of weapons to new nuclear states is a specific brand of Orientalist logic that should be rejected
Gusterson 1999 (Hugh, Professor of Anthropology, George Mason University , "Nuclear Weapons and the Other in Western Imagination," Cultural Anthropology, pg. 114)
http://people.reed.edu/~~ahm/Courses/Stan-PS-314-2009-Q1_PNP/Syllabus/EReadings/Gusterson1999Nuclear.pdf Thus in Western discourse nuclear weapons are represented so that "theirs" are a
AND
is also to be found in U.S. national security discourse. Alternative: Vote Negative to do the Affirmative without the justification of stopping proliferation.
Gourgouris 2006 Stathis Gourgouris Social Text 87, Vol. 24, No. 2, Summer 2006. © 2006 by Duke University Press It is important to AND and, later, imperialist practices. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge:
There’s a greater likelihood it backfires — resentment causes countries to pursue nuclear capabilities.
Farmer ’10
~J. Doyne Farmer of the Santa Fe Institute and Arjun Makhijani of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. "As US Nuclear Future? Not wanted, not needed." Nature 467, 391–393 (23 September 2010) ETB~ There are also undesirable side effects of using nuclear power. To make a large
AND
their own fuel, vastly hampering efforts to clamp down on nuclear proliferation. Obama won’t push for gold standard
Soloski ’11
Henry is director of Nonproliferation policy education Center, "The Post-Fukushima Arms Race," http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/07/29/the_post_fukushima_arms_race?page=0,2-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/07/29/the_post_fukushima_arms_race?page=0,2 Second, the United States needs to back these standards itself. When the Obama
AND
that the Nuclear Suppliers Group later imposed internationally on all nuclear supplier states. Proliferation will be with small arsenals – solves any offense.
Seng, phd candidate in Political Science @ Chicago 97 ~Security Studies~ Summer pg. 63
Minor proliferators are likely to enjoy two main sorts of command and control advantages
AND
to help alleviate dangers of minor proliferators losing possession of their nuclear weapons. Export restrictions means still lose to China
Blomberg 10/1
(Brian Wingfield, "Nuclear Firms Seek Eased Export Rules as U.S. Demand Wanes" http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-01/nuclear-companies-seek-relaxed-export-rules-as-u-s-demand-wanes.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-01/nuclear-companies-seek-relaxed-export-rules-as-u-s-demand-wanes.html, SEH)
"For U.S. exporters and their customers, navigating the bureaucratic maze
AND
the largest U.S. owner and operator of commercial nuclear reactors. Have to have 123 agreement Export.gov 10
(List of government rules on exports, "123 Agreements", http://export.gov/civilnuclear/eg_main_022093.asp-http://export.gov/civilnuclear/eg_main_022093.asp, SEH) For significant nuclear exports, the country must have a 123 Agreement for peaceful nuclear
AND
discharging machines, complete control rod drive units, and primary coolant pumps). U.S. won’t use prolif influence
Cleary ’12
Richard is a former research assistant with the American Enterprise Institute and worked for the United States Committee on Foreign Relations, "Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to forgo nuclear fuel making," http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192%26tid=30-http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192%26tid=30, August The cases above offer a common lesson: The U.S., though constrained
AND
would have improved the chance of persuading countries to eschew fuel-making. |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge:
No impact to warming Nazworth ’12
(Napp Nazworth , Christian Post Reporter, April 26, 2012, "Environmentalist Scientist Admits He Was ’Alarmist’ on Global Warming", Christian Post Politics, http://www.christianpost.com/news/environmentalist-scientist-admits-he-was-alarmist-on-global-warming-73948/) James Lovelock, the scientist who developed the "Gaia theory" of Earth,
AND
), and The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning (2009). Desalination is inevitable
PR 10
Pike Research is a market research and consulting firm that provides in-depth analysis of global clean technology markets. The company’s research methodology combines supply-side industry analysis, end-user primary research and demand assessment, and deep examination of technology trends to provide a comprehensive view of the Smart Energy, Clean Transportation, Clean Industry, Corporate Sustainability, and Building Efficiency sectors. June 28, 2010 "Worldwide Desalination Plant Investment to Double by 2016"
http://www.pikeresearch.com/newsroom/worldwide-desalination-plant-investment-to-double-by-2016 Water scarcity, population and economic growth, pollution, and urbanization are all placing
AND
as the major desalination technology, the barriers to entry are being lowered." Can’t solve emissions- lack of plants globally and not fast enough Netzer ’11
~Nina Netzer and Jochen Steinhilber. The authors work for the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Berlin, Germany. Jochen Steinhilber is Head of the Department for Global Policy and Develop¬ment, Nina Netzer is in charge of International Energy and Climate Policy. "The end of nuclear energy? International perspectives after Fukushima." July 2011 ETB~ In weighing out different aims and scenarios, it is considering that neither fossil fuels
AND
, nuclear energy can¬not provide any speedier contribution to a reduction of emissions. SMR’s for desalination already exist
World Nuclear Association, July 2012, "Nuclear Desalination," http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf71.html
SMART: South Korea has developed a small nuclear reactor design for cogeneration of electricity and potable water. The 330 MWt SMART reactor (an integral PWR) has a long design life and needs refuelling only every 3 years. The main concept has the SMART reactor coupled to four MED units, each with thermal-vapour compressor (MED-TVC) and producing total 40,000 m3/day, with 90 MWe.
CAREM: Argentina has designed an integral 100 MWt PWR suitable for cogeneration or
AND
single VBER-300 unit on a 25,000 dwt catamaran barge. Water conflict doesn’t escalate- too many limiting factors Leslie 2k
~Jacques Leslie, "Running Dry." Harper’s Magazine, July 1, 2000~ Yet such wars haven’t quite happened. Aaron Wolf, an Oregon State University specialist
AND
The thirst for water may be more persuasive than the impulse toward conflict." |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: BATAILLE’S PERSPECTIVE OF ENERGY MOVEMENT, THE ENVIRONMENT AND ANIMALITY ARE ANTHROPOCENTRIC.Tyler 2k5 tom, like water in water, journal for cultural research, vol 9, no 3, july That which in humans is fully formed appears in animals as a merely “embryonic AND do well to¶ look down, toward that perplexing, unfathomable depth. AND, ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIOLENCE CAUSES INFINITE GENOCIDE and DETERMINES THE VALUE TO LIFE. HUMANS ARE DESTROYING ALL LIVING CREATURE TO SUIT THEIR ENDS.KOCHI and ORDAN 2K8 tarik and noam, queen’s university and bar llan university, “an argument for the global suicide of humanity”, vol 7. no. 4., bourderlands e-journal Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered AND “an eternal Treblinka” (Singer, 1968, p.750). HUDSON 2K4 Laura, The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life, mediations journal, http://www.mediationsjournal.org/files/Mediations23_2_04.pdf We are all equally reduced to mere specimens of human biology, mute and uncomprehending AND exploitation, how are we to envision the future of politics and society? |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Tech thought is inevitable and no impactKateb 97 Kateb, professor of politics – Princeton, ‘97 (George, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2267/is_/ai_19952031) But the question arises as to where a genuine principle of limitation on technological endeavor would come from. It is scarcely conceivable that Western humanity--and by now most of humanity, because of their pleasures and interests and their own passions and desires and motives--would halt the technological project. Even if, by some change of heart, Western humanity could adopt an altered relation to reality and human beings, how could it be enforced and allowed to yield its effects? The technological project can be stopped only by some global catastrophe that it had helped to cause or was powerless to avoid. Heidegger's teasing invocation of the idea that a saving remedy grows with the worst danger is useless. In any case, no one would want the technological project halted, if the only way was a global catastrophe. Perhaps even the survivors would not want to block its reemergence. As for our generation and the indefinite future, many of us are prepared to say that there are many things we wish that modern science did not know or is likely to find out and many things we wish that modern technology did not know how to do. When referring in 1955 to the new sciences of life, Heidegger says We do not stop to consider that an attack with technological means is being prepared upon the life and nature of man compared with which the explosion of the hydrogen bomb means little. For precisely if the hydrogen bombs do not explode and human life on earth is preserved, an uncanny change in the world moves upon us (1966, p. 52). The implication is that it is less bad for the human status or stature and for the human relation to reality that there be nuclear destruction than that (what we today call) genetic engineering should go from success to success. To such lengths can a mind push itself when it marvels first at the passions, drives, and motives that are implicated in modern technology, and then marvels at the feats of technological prowess. The sense of wonder is entangled with a feeling of horror. We are past even the sublime, as conceptualized under the influence of Milton's imagination of Satan and Hell. It is plain that so much of the spirit of the West is invested in modern technology. We have referred to anger, alienation, resentment. But that cannot be the whole story. Other considerations we can mention include the following: a taste for virtuosity, skill for its own sake, an enlarged fascination with technique in itself, and, along with these, an aesthetic craving to make matter or nature beautiful or more beautiful; and then, too, sheer exhilaration, a questing, adventurous spirit that is reckless, heedless of danger, finding in obstacles opportunities for self-overcoming, for daring, for the very sort of daring that Heidegger praises so eloquently when in 1935 he discusses the Greek world in An Introduction to Metaphysics (1961, esp. pp. 123-39). All these considerations move away from anger, anxiety, resentment, and so on. The truth of the matter, I think, is that the project of modern technology, just like that of modern science, must attract a turbulence of response. The very passions and drives and motives that look almost villainous or hypermasculine simultaneously look like marks of the highest human aspiration, or, at the least, are not to be cut loose from the highest human aspiration. BATAILLE'S ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE BECOMING AN OBJECT LEADS TO FASCISM, AND COLLECTIVE MASS DEATH.FRIEDLAND 2K4 rodger, dept. of religious studies, uc santa barbara, religious terror and the erotics of exceptional violence, p.google For Bataille, the sacred’s first moment was located in that impure sacred, in our attraction to what most repulses, particularly to death, to the violated body and the corpse. Bataille read Freud. In Beyond the Pleasure Principle, published in 1920, Freud posited pleasure as a diminution of excitation, asserting the existence of an instinct to cancel this excitation, a cancellation whose logical end was death. “The “aim of all life,” Freud declared, “is death.” Bataille likely appropriated Freud’s theory to radicalize the self-transcendence of Durkheim’s effervescent assembly. Bataille thus located the end of social being in unproductive expenditure, dépense, not saving, investment or production, in the accumulation of power or wealth, which, he argued, are derivative from and subordinate to such expenditure (Bataille, 1933 1996; see also 1967 1988). The sacred, he argued, is constituted through loss, through expenditure, the sovereign operation. Activities like sacrifice, war, spectacle, communal feasts, and sexuality without “genital finality” were occasions affording such expenditure. The bourgeoisie’s hatred of expenditure combined with religion’s decline had opened the way to fascist militarism, its effervescence, the masses’ love of the leader, the purity of its sadism. “The affective flow that united the leader...with his followers...is a function of the common consciousness of increasingly violent and excessive energies and powers that accumulate in the person of the leader and through him become widely available” (Bataille: 1933 1996: 143). As Richard Wolin shows, Bataille esteemed Mussolini’s fascism, was drawn to fascist practices, sharing their disdain for parliamentary representation and their valorization of collective violence, seeking at one point to develop a left fascism, faced with the evident failure of the proletarian revolution (2004). This, of course, included an appreciation of war. War, Caillois, Bataille’s co-founder of the College, declared, was the modern equivalent of the festival, an occasion affording the excess necessary to revitalize the social order (Caillois, 1939, cited in Falasca-Zamponi, 2001). Bataille, too, celebrated collective violence, and war, as a social practice beyond calculation, capable of accessing the sacred, lifting humans beyond the status of mere things, expenditure. Durkheim’s socially procreative erotics had become an aesthetics of violence, collective life made primordially through death. STOEKL’S WORK ON BATAILLE, THE SACRED, AND ENERGY IS A WORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCAPEGOATING OF THE MOST UNORIGINAL AND ANTI-SEMTIC TYPE.Imray 2k9 katheryn, review of allan stoekl bataille’s peak: energy, religion, and postsustainability, the bible and critical theory vol 5 no 1 Bataille considered religion and human existence to be ‘inextricable, and the religious experience AND for¶ the destruction of the environment (pp. 151, 167). Dominic Pettman. 2011. Chair of the Culture and Media program at Lang College, and Associate Professor of Liberal Studies at the New School for Social Research Human Error: Species-Being and Media Machines.147-8. For Stoekl’s Bataille, the privileged site for the ecstatic burn-off of surplus AND doing so, expose “the lie of sheer utility” (175). Jerry Taylor, Cato Natural Resource Studies Director, 02 “Sustainable Development: A Dubious Solution in Search of a Problem,” August 26, http:~/~/www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pdf If resources are growing more abundant while the concentration of pollutants in air sheds and AND . Accordingly, they provide little help to policy analysts or political leaders. Peter T. Leeson, social change graduate research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason and a fellow at the James M. Buchanan Center for Political Economy, 8-22-2002, Chicago Sun-Times, “In America, capitalism is the great uniter,” p. 27, l/n The world is a big place and home to innumerable customs, religions, tastes AND left untreated, it spreads its ugly violence outside its borders, too. Atkisson 2k Alan AtKisson is President and CEO of The AtKisson Group, an international sustainability consultancy to business and government, “Sustainability is Dead— Long Live Sustainability, ” http://www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/SustainabilityManifesto2001.pdf At the dawn of the third milennium human civilization finds itself in a seeming paradox AND next challenge on the road to our destiny. (1-8) |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Army Officer School, ‘4 (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http:~/~/usawocc.army.mil/IMI/htm) The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after "as follows," "the following," or a noun for which the list is an appositive: Each scout will carry the following: (colon) meals for three days, a survival knife, and his sleeping bag. The company had four new officers: (colon) Bill Smith, Frank Tucker, Peter Fillmore, and Oliver Lewis. b. A long quotation (one or more paragraphs): In The Killer Angels Michael Shaara wrote: (colon) You may find it a different story from the one you learned in school. There have been many versions of that battle Gettysburg and that war the Civil War. (The quote continues for two more paragraphs.) c. A formal quotation or question: The President declared: (colon) "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." The question is: (colon) what can we do about it? d. A second independent clause which explains the first: Potter's motive is clear: (colon) he wants the assignment. e. After the introduction of a business letter: Dear Sirs: (colon) Dear Madam: (colon) f. The details following an announcement For sale: (colon) large lakeside cabin with dock g. A formal resolution, after the word "resolved:"¶ Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor. Encarta Online Encyclopedia, 2k (http://encarta.msn.com) “The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington DC” WordNet in ‘97 Princeton University, 1.6 Should v 1 : be expected to: “Parties should be fun” 2 : expresses an emotional, practical, or other reason for doing something: “You had better put on warm clothes”; “You should call your mother-in-law”; “The State ought to repair bridges” syn: had better, ought Limits on what can be debated protect subversion and meaningful debate.Shively, 2K (Former Assistant Politics Professor – Texas AandM, Partisan Politics and Political Theory, pp. 181-4, We have the full text of the card if you want to see it) At the very least, we must agree about what it is that is being debated before we can debate it. For instance, once cannot have an argument about euthanasia with someone who thinks euthanasia is a musical group. One cannot successfully stage a sit-in if one’s target audience simply thinks everyone is resting or if those doing the sitting have no complaints. Nor can one demonstrate resistance to a policy if no one knows that it is a policy. In other words, contest is meaningless if there is a lack of agreement or communication about what is being contested. Resisters, demonstrators, and debaters must have some shared ideas about the subject and/or the terms of their disagreements. The participants and the target of a sit-in must share an understanding of the complaint at hand. And a demonstrator’s audience must know what is being resisted. In short, the contesting of an idea presumes some agreement about what that idea is and how one might go about intelligibly contesting it. In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreements or harmony.¶ Continues on page 184¶ But, again, the response to the ambiguist must be that the practice of questioning and undermining rules, like all other social practices, needs a certain order. The subversive needs rules to protect subversion. And when we look more closely at the rules protective of subversion, we find that they are roughly the rules of argument discussed above. In fact, the rules of argument are roughly the rules of democracy or civility: the delineation of boundaries necessary to protect speech and action from violence, manipulation, and other forms of tyranny. Mitchell et al. 07 (Gordon, Eric English, Stephen Llano, Catherine E. Morrison, John Rief, and Carly Woods, Pitt Comm Studies Grad Students, Gordon Mitchell is an Associate Comm Studies Professor @ Pitt, Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 4) The problem for Greene and Hicks is that this notion of citizenship becomes tied to a normative conception of American democracy that justifies imperialism. They write, ‘‘The production and management of this field of governance allows liberalism to trade in cultural technologies in the global cosmopolitan marketplace at the same time as it creates a field of intervention to transform and change the world one subject (regime) at a time.’’11 Here, Greene and Hicks argue that this new conception of liberal governance, which epitomizes the ethical citizen as an individual trained in the switch-side technique, serves as a normative tool for judging other polities and justifying forcible regime change. One need look only to the Bush administration’s framing of war as an instrument of democracy promotion to grasp how the switch-side technique can be appropriated as a justification for violence. It is our position, however, that rather than acting as a cultural technology expanding American exceptionalism, switch-side debating originates from a civic attitude that serves as a bulwark against fundamentalism of all stripes. Several prominent voices reshaping the national dialogue on homeland security have come from the academic debate community and draw on its animating spirit of critical inquiry. For example, Georgetown University law professor Neal Katyal served as lead plaintiff ’s counsel in Hamdan, which challenged post-9/11 enemy combat definitions. 12 The foundation for Katyal’s winning argument in Hamdan was laid some four years before, when he collaborated with former intercollegiate debate champion Laurence Tribe on an influential Yale Law Journal addressing a similar topic.13 Tribe won the National Debate Tournament in 1961 while competing as an undergraduate debater for Harvard University. Thirty years later, Katyal represented Dartmouth College at the same tournament and finished third. The imprint of this debate training is evident in Tribe and Katyal’s contemporary public interventions, which are characterized by meticulous research, sound argumentation, and a staunch commitment to democratic principles. Katyal’s reflection on his early days of debating at Loyola High School in Chicago’s North Shore provides a vivid illustration. ‘‘I came in as a shy freshman with dreams of going to medical school. Then Loyola’s debate team opened my eyes to a different world: one of argumentation and policy.’’ As Katyal recounts, ‘‘the most important preparation for my career came from my experiences as a member of Loyola’s debate team.’’14 The success of former debaters like Katyal, Tribe, and others in challenging the dominant dialogue on homeland security points to the efficacy of academic debate as a training ground for future advocates of progressive change. Moreover, a robust understanding of the switch-side technique and the classical liberalism which underpins it would help prevent misappropriation of the technique to bolster suspect homeland security policies. For buried within an inner-city debater’s files is a secret threat to absolutism: the refusal to be classified as ‘‘with us or against us,’’ the embracing of intellectual experimentation in an age of orthodoxy, and reflexivity in the face of fundamentalism. But by now, the irony of our story should be apparent*the more effectively academic debating practice can be focused toward these ends, the greater the proclivity of McCarthy’s ideological heirs to brand the activity as a ‘‘weapon of mass destruction.’’ Dialogue is critical to affirming any value—shutting down deliberation devolves into totalitarianism and reinscribes oppressionMorson 4 http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf#page=331 Northwestern Professor, Prof. Morson's work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers -- Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy. Bakhtin viewed the whole process of “ideological” (in the sense of ideas and values, however unsystematic) development as an endless dialogue. As teachers, we find it difficult to avoid a voice of authority, however much we may think of ours as the rebel’s voice, because our rebelliousness against society at large speaks in the authoritative voice of our subculture.We speak the language and thoughts of academic educators, even when we imagine we are speaking in no jargon at all, and that jargon, inaudible to us, sounds with all the overtones of authority to our students. We are so prone to think of ourselves as fighting oppression that it takes some work to realize that we ourselves may be felt as oppressive and overbearing, and that our own voice may provoke the same reactions that we feel when we hear an authoritative voice with which we disagree. So it is often helpful to think back on the great authoritative oppressors and reconstruct their self-image: helpful, but often painful. I remember, many years ago, when, as a recent student rebel and activist, I taught a course on “The Theme of the Rebel” and discovered, to my considerable chagrin, that many of the great rebels of history were the very same people as the great oppressors. There is a famous exchange between Erasmus and Luther, who hoped to bring the great Dutch humanist over to the Reformation, but Erasmus kept asking Luther how he could be so certain of so many doctrinal points. We must accept a few things to be Christians at all, Erasmus wrote, but surely beyond that there must be room for us highly fallible beings to disagree. Luther would have none of such tentativeness. He knew, he was sure. The Protestant rebels were, for a while, far more intolerant than their orthodox opponents. Often enough, the oppressors are the ones who present themselves and really think of themselves as liberators. Certainty that one knows the root cause of evil: isn’t that itself often the root cause? We know from Tsar Ivan the Terrible’s letters denouncing Prince Kurbsky, a general who escaped to Poland, that Ivan saw himself as someone who had been oppressed by noblemen as a child and pictured himself as the great rebel against traditional authority when he killed masses of people or destroyed whole towns. There is something in the nature of maximal rebellion against authority that produces ever greater intolerance, unless one is very careful. For the skills of fighting or refuting an oppressive power are not those of openness, self-skepticism, or real dialogue. In preparing for my course, I remember my dismay at reading Hitler’s Mein Kampf and discovering that his self-consciousness was precisely that of the rebel speaking in the name of oppressed Germans, and that much of his amazing appeal – otherwise so inexplicable – was to the German sense that they were rebelling victims. In our time, the Serbian Communist and nationalist leader Slobodan Milosevic exploited much the same appeal. Bakhtin surely knew that Communist totalitarianism, the Gulag, and the unprecedented censorship were constructed by rebels who had come to power. His favorite writer, Dostoevsky, used to emphasize that the worst oppression comes from those who, with the rebellious psychology of “the insulted and humiliated,” have seized power – unless they have somehow cultivated the value of dialogue, as Lenin surely had not, but which Eva, in the essay by Knoeller about teaching The Autobiography of Malcolm X, surely had. Rebels often make the worst tyrants because their word, the voice they hear in their consciousness, has borrowed something crucial from the authoritative word it opposed, and perhaps exaggerated it: the aura of righteous authority. If one’s ideological becoming is understood as a struggle in which one has at last achieved the truth, one is likely to want to impose that truth with maximal authority; and rebels of the next generation may proceed in much the same way, in an ongoing spiral of intolerance. Decisionmaking is the most portable skill—key to all facets of life and advocacy Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ‘8 (David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 9-10) After several days of intense debate, first the United States House of Representatives and then the U.S. Senate voted to authorize President George W. Bush to attack Iraq if Saddam Hussein refused to give up weapons of mass destruction as required by United Nations's resolutions. Debate about a possible military* action against Iraq continued in various governmental bodies and in the public for six months, until President Bush ordered an attack on Baghdad, beginning Operation Iraqi Freedom, the military campaign against the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein. He did so despite the unwillingness of the U.N. Security Council to support the military action, and in the face of significant international opposition. Meanwhile, and perhaps equally difficult for the parties involved, a young couple deliberated over whether they should purchase a large home to accommodate their growing family or should sacrifice living space to reside in an area with better public schools; elsewhere a college sophomore reconsidered his major and a senior her choice of law school, graduate school, or a job. Each of these* situations called for decisions to be made. Each decision maker worked hard to make well-reasoned decisions. Decision making is a thoughtful process of choosing among a variety of options for acting or thinking. It requires that the decider make a choice. Life demands decision making. We make countless individual decisions every day. To make some of those decisions, we work hard to employ care and consideration; others seem to just happen. Couples, families, groups of friends, and coworkers come together to make choices, and decision-making homes from committees to juries to the U.S. Congress and the United Nations make decisions that impact us all. Every profession requires effective and ethical decision making, as do our school, community, and social organizations. We all make many decisions even- day. To refinance or sell one's home, to buy a high-performance SUV or an economical hybrid car. what major to select, what to have for dinner, what candidate CO vote for. paper or plastic, all present lis with choices. Should the president deal with an international crisis through military invasion or diplomacy? How should the U.S. Congress act to address illegal immigration? Is the defendant guilty as accused? Tlie Daily Show or the ball game? And upon what information should I rely to make my decision? Certainly some of these decisions are more consequential than others. Which amendment to vote for, what television program to watch, what course to take, which phone plan to purchase, and which diet to pursue all present unique challenges. At our best, we seek out research and data to inform our decisions. Yet even the choice of which information to attend to requires decision making. In 2006, TIMI: magazine named YOU its "Person of the Year." Congratulations! Its selection was based on the participation not of ''great men" in the creation of history, but rather on the contributions of a community of anonymous participants in the evolution of information. Through blogs. online networking. You Tube. Facebook, MySpace, Wikipedia, and many other "wikis," knowledge and "truth" are created from the bottom up, bypassing the authoritarian control of newspeople. academics, and publishers. We have access to infinite quantities of information, but how do we sort through it and select the best information for our needs? The ability of every decision maker to make good, reasoned, and ethical decisions relies heavily upon their ability to think critically. Critical thinking enables one to break argumentation down to its component parts in order to evaluate its relative validity and strength. Critical thinkers are better users of information, as well as better advocates. Colleges and universities expect their students to develop their critical thinking skills and may require students to take designated courses to that end. The importance and value of such study is widely recognized. Much of the most significant communication of our lives is conducted in the form of debates. These may take place in intrapersonal communications, in which we weigh the pros and cons of an important decision in our own minds, or they may take place in interpersonal communications, in which we listen to arguments intended to influence our decision or participate in exchanges to influence the decisions of others. Our success or failure in life is largely determined by our ability to make wise decisions for ourselves and to influence the decisions of others in ways that are beneficial to us. Much of our significant, purposeful activity is concerned with making decisions. Whether to join a campus organization, go to graduate school, accept a job oiler, buy a car or house, move to another city, invest in a certain stock, or vote for Garcia—these are just a few of the thousands of decisions we may have to make. Often, intelligent self-interest or a sense of responsibility will require us to win the support of others. We may want a scholarship or a particular job for ourselves, a customer for out product, or a vote for our favored political candidate. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: BATAILLE’S PERSPECTIVE OF ENERGY MOVEMENT, THE ENVIRONMENT AND ANIMALITY ARE ANTHROPOCENTRIC.Tyler 2k5 tom, like water in water, journal for cultural research, vol 9, no 3, july That which in humans is fully formed appears in animals as a merely “embryonic”¶ proto-manifestation, groping toward full realization.¶ In his opening chapter, Bataille is principally concerned with introducing, and¶ tentatively exploring, the notion of immanence. It is to this end that he embarks¶ on a discussion of animality, and from here later moves to a study of human¶ religious, economic and military affairs.3 That Bataille has no interest in animality¶ or animals in their own right is not, of itself, a matter for concern. But he does¶ here articulate especially clearly a pair of inter-related claims regarding the¶ relationship between humanity, animality and knowledge. These claims¶ frequently surface, more or less explicitly, when the animal comes under scrutiny,¶ and the value of my own rather narrow reading of Bataille’s text thus lies¶ in their analysis, and the broader concerns that they throw open.¶ First, the two claims. On the one hand, the perfect continuity that, according¶ to Bataille, exists between animal and environment, the lack of transcendence,¶ means that phenomena are not distinguished as objects. The animal has no¶ meaning, no knowledge of the world, and exists, as we have seen, like water in¶ water. On the other hand, in virtue of the fact that the existence of the animal¶ consists in this uniformity with the environment, that existence is utterly closed¶ to us. Compelled always to impose precisely those divisions which are denied to¶ the animal, humans cannot entertain any meaningful understanding of animal¶ life. In short, the reason the animal is closed to us, the reason we cannot have¶ knowledge of the animal, is that there is no meaning, no knowledge for the¶ animal. Taken together, the implication of these two claims is that knowledge¶ (meaning, understanding, cognition) is always and only human. We who do and¶ must have knowledge are condemned to our own perspective, to an inevitable¶ anthropocentrism. Any attempt to step outside this limitation, to articulate an¶ understanding or knowledge which is not constrained in this way, will unavoidably¶ descend into poetic babbling.¶ Is (our) knowledge inherently and inevitably constrained in this way? It is¶ unavoidable, Bataille says, that we should regard the animal as lacking transcendence¶ (pp. 23, 24). But he has here already assumed a qualitative difference¶ between human and animal experience which he has not demonstrated. The life¶ of the animal, he says, is closed to us; its place in the world seems in our eyes¶ to be one of complete immanence (pp. 20, 24). The pronouns, here and elsewhere¶ in the chapter, are instructive. They refer exclusively to the human. In so¶ doing, Bataille gives priority to the human perspective, “our” starting point, and¶ suggests that this human perspective is inescapable. When he asserts that “for¶ the moment, I need to set apart from the dazzle of poetry that which, from the¶ standpoint of experience, appears distinctly and clearly” he is attempting to take¶ stock from the standpoint of human experience (p. 23). Despite his poetic¶ 3. Baudrillard suggests that, along with The Accursed Share, Theory of Religion functions as a kind¶ of apologetic, defensive attempt by Bataille to provide a foundation for his vision of the sacred,¶ which is fundamentally at odds with the particularities of his other writings (Baudrillard 1998,¶ p. 191).¶ suggestion that the animal’s immediacy is in fact our own, Bataille assumes that,¶ in a sense, we are human before we are animal.4¶ We will return to this issue of the temporal pre-eminence of the human¶ shortly. First, however, I would like to look a little closer at the question of¶ anthropocentrism. If we are to seize the opportunity to gaze out across new¶ vistas, it is important that we examine the nature of the limitations that have¶ been placed on those eyes, human or otherwise, that would attempt to apprehend¶ a novel landscape. Before we gaze outwards, then, we would do well to¶ look down, toward that perplexing, unfathomable depth. AND, ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIOLENCE CAUSES INFINITE GENOCIDE and DETERMINES THE VALUE TO LIFE. HUMANS ARE DESTROYING ALL LIVING CREATURE TO SUIT THEIR ENDS.KOCHI and ORDAN 2K8 tarik and noam, queen’s university and bar llan university, “an argument for the global suicide of humanity”, vol 7. no. 4., bourderlands e-journal Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered as an exception, an aberration. The Holocaust is often portrayed as an example of ‘evil’, a moment of hatred, madness and cruelty (cf. the differing accounts of ‘evil’ given in Neiman, 2004). The event is also treated as one through which humanity comprehend its own weakness and draw strength, via the resolve that such actions will never happen again. However, if we take seriously the differing ways in which the Holocaust was ‘evil’, then one must surely include along side it the almost uncountable numbers of genocides that have occurred throughout human history. Hence, if we are to think of the content of the ‘human heritage’, then this must include the annihilation of indigenous peoples and their cultures across the globe and the manner in which their beliefs, behaviours and social practices have been erased from what the people of the ‘West’ generally consider to be the content of a human heritage. Again the history of colonialism is telling here. It reminds us exactly how normal, regular and mundane acts of annihilation of different forms of human life and culture have been throughout human history. Indeed the history of colonialism, in its various guises, points to the fact that so many of our legal institutions and forms of ethical life (i.e. nation-states which pride themselves on protecting human rights through the rule of law) have been founded upon colonial violence, war and the appropriation of other peoples’ land (Schmitt, 2003; Benjamin, 1986). Further, the history of colonialism highlights the central function of ‘race war’ that often underlies human social organisation and many of its legal and ethical systems of thought (Foucault, 2003). This history of modern colonialism thus presents a key to understanding that events such as the Holocaust are not an aberration and exception but are closer to the norm, and sadly, lie at the heart of any heritage of humanity. After all, all too often the European colonisation of the globe was justified by arguments that indigenous inhabitants were racially ‘inferior’ and in some instances that they were closer to ‘apes’ than to humans (Diamond, 2006). Such violence justified by an erroneous view of ‘race’ is in many ways merely an extension of an underlying attitude of speciesism involving a long history of killing and enslavement of non-human species by humans. Such a connection between the two histories of inter-human violence (via the mythical notion of differing human ‘races’) and interspecies violence, is well expressed in Isaac Bashevis Singer’s comment that whereas humans consider themselves “the crown of creation”, for animals “all people are Nazis” and animal life is “an eternal Treblinka” (Singer, 1968, p.750). HUDSON 2K4 Laura, The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life, mediations journal, http://www.mediationsjournal.org/files/Mediations23_2_04.pdf We are all equally reduced to mere specimens of human biology, mute and uncomprehending of the world in which we are thrown. Species-being, or “humanity as a species,” may require this recognition to move beyond the pseudo-essence of the religion of humanism. Recognizing that what we call “the human” is an abstraction that fails to fully describe what we are, we may come to find a new way of understanding humanity that recuperates the natural without domination. The bare life that results from expulsion from the law removes even the illusion of freedom. Regardless of one’s location in production, the threat of losing even the fiction of citizenship and freedom affects everyone. This may create new means of organizing resistance across the particular divisions of society. Furthermore, the concept of bare life allows us to gesture toward a more detailed, concrete idea of what species-being may look like. Agamben hints that in the recognition of this fact, that in our essence we are all animals, that we are all living dead, might reside the possibility of a kind of redemption. Rather than the mystical horizon of a future community, the passage to species-being may be experienced as a deprivation, a loss of identity. Species-being is not merely a positive result of the development of history; it is equally the absence of many of the features of “humanity” through which we have learned to make sense of our world. It is an absence of the kind of individuality and atomism that structure our world under capitalism and underlie liberal democracy, and which continue to inform the tenets of deep ecology. The development of species-being requires the collapse of the distinction between human and animal in order to change the shape of our relationships with the natural world. A true species-being depends on a sort of reconciliation between our “human” and “animal” selves, a breakdown of the distinction between the two both within ourselves and in nature in general. Bare life would then represent not only expulsion from the law but the possibility of its overcoming. Positioned in the zone of indistinction, no longer a subject of the law but still subjected to it through absence, what we equivocally call “the human” in general becomes virtually indistinguishable from the animal or nature. But through this expulsion and absence, we may see not only the law but the system of capitalism that shapes it from a position no longer blinded or captivated by its spell. The structure of the law is revealed as always suspect in the false division between natural and political life, which are never truly separable. Though clearly the situation is not yet as dire as Agamben’s invocation of the Holocaust suggests, we are all, as citizens, under the threat of the state of exception. With the decline of the nation as a form of social organization, the whittling away of civil liberties and, with them, the state’s promise of “the good life” (or “the good death”) even in the most developed nations, with the weakening of labor as the bearer of resistance to exploitation, how are we to envision the future of politics and society? |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
THE WORKING CLASS MUST COALESCE IN MATERIAL ACTION AGAINST FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION ESPECIALLY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY PLANNING. THE AFF’S NOTION OF AGENCY UNIQUELY UNDERMINES THE MATERIALIST ANTI-CAPITALIST REVOLUTIONARY KNOWLEDGE KEY TO SURVIVAL.
Callinicos 2k10
Alex, Bonfire of Illusions: The Twin Crisis of the Liberal World, Polity, professor of European studies King’s College – London, DPhil – Oxford, p. 139-43
There are other strong reasons to press for a break with the logic of competitive accumulation. The scientific evi-dence that the emission of greenhouse gases - most notably C02 - caused by human activity is generating profound and irreversible processes of climate change is now beyond dispute. It is also very widely agreed that preventing these processes reaching a disastrous scale requires the rapid adoption and implementation of drastic targets for cutting CO2 emissions. But while the targets, particularly since the eclipse of the Bush gang, have become more ambitious, the actual emissions have continued to rise. The most plausible explanation appeals to the logic of competition.
The problem is, yet again, one of collective action. Evi- dently
AND
are widened, allowing the billions of victims of capitalism finally to escape. Text: VOTE NEGATIVE TO REJECT THE 1AC IN FAVOR OF MATERIALIST REVOLUTIONARY KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AGAINST CAPITALISM..
Foster 2k11
john bellamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon and also editor of Monthly Review, Since the Great Financial Crisis hit in 2008, Foster has been sought out by academics, activists, the media, and the general public as a result of his earlier prescient writings on the coming crisis. He has given numerous interviews, talks, and invited lectures, as well as written invited commentary, articles, and books on the subject
In the twenty-first century it is customary to view the rise of planetary
AND
and sustainable human development; a socialism for the twenty-first century. |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
The aff should lose because they failed to promote a defense of the federal government increasing energy production, which undermines debate’s deliberative potential.
Defending the federal government in the context of the resolution is crucial to prepared debate and clash that leads to energetic debates on both sides.
First, there are multiple ways they could engage the state.
a. Eliminating restrictions on brownfields provides an avenue to discuss structural racism inherent in energy production
Kibel 98
(Paul Stanton, LLM @ Cal-Berkeley “The urban nexus: Open space, Brownfields, and justice,” Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 25. 3, Proquest)
Although it is not too difficult a task to describe the reality of urban decline
AND
working to reclaim our cities as beautiful, vibrant, and just communities.
b. Environmental justice affs are possible through the discussion of legislative incentives
Bullard 08
(Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center,Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “Poverty, Pollution, and Environmental Racism: Strategies for Building Healthy and Sustainable Communities,” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html) The environmental justice movement emerged in response to environmental inequities, threats to public health
AND
of the rich to be offered as short term economic remedies for poverty.
c. Workers cooperatives in urban zones is another example
Giancatarino 12
(Anthony, Coordinator for Research and Advocacy, Center for Social Inclusion Community Innovation In Boston, August, http://www.centerforsocialinclusion.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Boston-ESCO-Case-Study.pdf)
Communities of color have been environmental activists for decades. These are communities most often
AND
communities of color was double that of White communities prior to the recession. AND Our standard for a topical aff is that it shouldn’t be unbeatable but rather one that allows an equitable division of ground.
AND They will say that we exclude people who don’t like the state but that is an overgeneralization from defending the state in every instance to defending the state about this particular resolution.
Second, education about the state is crucial to activism.
a. Arguing about what governments ought to do is not the same as complicity with the existing order
Dower 10
(Nigel, Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, former President of the International Development Ethics Association “Questioning the Questioning of Cosmopolitanism,” in Questioning Cosmopolitanism, p. 14)
Ethical cosmopolitanism does not merely apply to individuals; it is also applied to the
AND
on creating the conditions for the general realization of human well-being.
b. Its key to motivate legislative fence-sitters. Their critical approach endangers public and decision-making backlashes which turn the case.
Brown 11
heath, PhD Political Science, Roanoke, Salem, VA, “narrative strategies used by interest groups during the 2008 presidental transition”, 2011 Pat-Net Conference
Milbrath argues that interest groups must strategically present information so as to ¶ overcome the
AND
the strategies employed and ¶ therefore the content of information presented during lobbying.
c. Focus on state based pedagogy is key to combat racism.
Themba-Nixon 2k
Makani, Exec Director of the Praxis Project Colorlines, Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing Jul 31, 2000. Vol. 3, Iss. 2; pg. 12, proquest
"This is all about policy," a woman complained to me in a recent
AND
should be. And then we must be committed to making it so.
d. Understanding the intersections of social dilemmas is key to democratic reform of racial hierarchies
Winant 2k
(Howard, Temple University “Race and Race Theory” Annual Review of Sociology, 2000, http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/Race_and_Race_Theory.html) To summarize the racial formation approach: (1) It views the meaning of
AND
to mention global survival and prosperity, as we enter a new millennium.
e. Addressing problems created by political institutions is the best way to challenge whiteness
Bush 11
(Melanie, Associate Professor and Chair, Anthropology and Sociology @ Adelphi University, Everyday Forms of Whiteness: Understanding Race in a “Post-Racial” World, p. 235-236)
Carol Geary Schneider, president of the Association of American Colleges and Universities, has
AND
perhaps redefine their allegiances and reconfigure their notion of "who's to blame." Third, predictable limits are good.
a. Switch side debate over environmental issues is critical to effective deliberation
Mitchell 10
(Gordon R., Associate Professor, Director of Graduate Studies, and Director of the William Pitt Debating Union at the University of Pittsburgh; Spring, “Switch-Side Debating Meets Demand-Driven Rhetoric of Science,” Rhetoric and Public Affairs, Vol. 13, No. 1 – Kurr)
The preceding analysis of U.S. intelligence community debating initiatives highlighted how analysts
AND
paradigms of policy planning with situated, contingent judgments informed by reflective deliberation. b. Effective deliberation requires predictable points of stasis – its key to overcome politically debilitating self-obsession
Roberts-Miller 03
(Patricia Roberts-Miller is Associate Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Texas "Fighting Without Hatred: Hannah Arendt’s Agonistic Rhetoric" JAC 22.2 2003)
Totalitarianism and the Competitive Space of Agonism Arendt is probably most famous for her analysis
AND
not relativist, adversarial but not violent, independent but not expressivist rhetoric. |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge:
THE 1AC IGNORES THAT RACISM IS MERELY ONE AMONGST MANY TOOLS OF AXIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOCENTRISM WHEREBY VIOLENCE CAN ALWAYS BE JUSTIFIED WHEN APPLIED TO RACIALLY INFERIOR GROUPS. ONLY A CRITIQUE WHICH FOCUSES ON REJECTING SUBHUMAN THINKING CAN CONTEST THE MYRIAD FORMS OF RACISM.
Deckha 2k10
Maneesha, faculty of law, university of Victoria, “it’s time to abandon the idea of human rights”, the scavenger, dec. 10 While the intersection of race and gender is often acknowledged in understanding the etiology of
AND
, sex, culture and species that lays the foundation for the violence.
AND, this species-contingent paradigm creates unending genocidal violence against forms of life deemed politically unqualified.
KOCHI and ORDAN 2K8
tarik and noam, queen’s university and bar llan university, “an argument for the global suicide of humanity”, vol 7. no. 4., bourderlands e-journal
Within the picture many paint of humanity, events such as the Holocaust are considered
AND
“an eternal Treblinka” (Singer, 1968, p.750).
Alternative: the judge should vote negative to REJECT THE HUMAN/ANIMAL DIVIDE.
this rejection enables an understanding of the SPECIES-BEING. that SOLVES THE ETHICAL CONTRADICTION OF THEIR SPECIES-LEVEL RACISM.
HUDSON 2K4
Laura, The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life, mediations journal, http://www.mediationsjournal.org/files/Mediations23_2_04.pdf
We are all equally reduced to mere specimens of human biology, mute and uncomprehending
AND
exploitation, how are we to envision the future of politics and society? And, anthropocentric discourse and tropes cause racial criminalization and stigma faster than it can be recognized. THAT MEANS OUR INTERNAL LINK IS TRIGGERED AT A LEVEL WHICH YOUR SOLVENCY MECHANISM HAS NO RISK OF CAPUTRING BY CONTRAST TO OUR ALT WHICH SOLVES A PROXIMATE CAUSE OF RACISM.
Stanford University 2k8
February 7). Discrimination Against Blacks Linked To Dehumanization, Study Finds. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 25, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080207163811.htm
ScienceDaily (Feb. 7, 2008) — Crude historical depictions of African Americans
AND
executed by the state than those who are not," the researchers write. |
| 01/06/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Poly | Judge: Restrictions on production must mandate a decrease in the quantity producedAnell 89
Chairman, WTO panel "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such findings as will assist the CONTRACTING PARTIES in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in Article XXIII:2." 3. On 3 April 1989, the Council was informed that agreement had been reached on the following composition of the Panel (C/164): Composition Chairman: Mr. Lars E.R. Anell Members: Mr. Hugh W. Bartlett Mrs. Carmen Luz Guarda CANADA - IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON ICE CREAM AND YOGHURT Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf The United States argued that Canada had failed to demonstrate that it effectively restricted domestic
AND
to what the situation would be in the absence of all government measures. Fosland 2012
~Benjamin J., Law Clerk to Chief Judge David W. Gratton, Idaho Court of Appeals, 2011–¶ 2012; J.D., cum laude, Gonzaga University School of Law, 2011; B.A., honors, University of ¶ Montana, 2008. "A CASE OF NOT-SO-FATAL FLAWS: ¶ RE-EVALUATING THE INDIAN TRIBAL ¶ ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND ¶ SELF-DETERMINATION ACT" Idaho Law Review, Vol. 48 ¶ p. 453-4~ There have been many different criticisms leveled at ITEDSA and ¶ the tribal energy resource
AND
want to maximize their control over the development of tribal energy ¶ resources. Doub 76
Energy Regulation: A Quagmire for Energy Policy Annual Review of Energy Vol. 1: 715-725 (Volume publication date November 1976) DOI: 10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby %26 MacRae, 1757 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 Mr. Doub is a principal in the law firm of Doub and Muntzing, which he formed in 1977. Previously he was a partner in the law firm of LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby and MacRae. He was a member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1971 - 1974. He served as a member of the Executive Advisory Committee to the Federal Power Commission in 1968 - 1971 and was appointed by the President of the United States to the President’s Air Quality Advisory Board in 1970. He is a member of the American Bar Association, Maryland State Bar Association, and Federal Bar Association. He is immediate past Chairman of the U.S. National Committee of the World Energy Conference and a member of the Atomic Industrial Forum. He currently serves as a member of the nuclear export policy committees of both the Atomic Industrial Forum and the American Nuclear Energy Council. Mr. Doub graduated from Washington and Jefferson College (B.A., 1953) and the University of Maryland School of Law in 1956. He is married, has two children, and resides in Potomac, Md. He was born September 3, 1931, in Cumberland, Md. http://0-www.annualreviews.org.library.lausys.georgetown.edu/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435 FERS began with the recognition that federal energy policy must result from concerted efforts in
AND
agencies. Unfortunately, this example is the rule rather than the exception. 2. Precision – A distinction between regulation and restrictions is key.Sinha 6
http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/ Supreme Court of India Union Of India %26 Ors vs M/S. Asian Food Industries on 7 November, 2006 Author: S.B. Sinha Bench: S Sinha, Mark, E Katju CASE NO.: Writ Petition (civil) 4695 of 2006 PETITIONER: Union of India %26 Ors. RESPONDENT: M/s. Asian Food Industries DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/11/2006 BENCH: S.B. Sinha %26 Markandey Katju JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T ~Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17008 of 2006~ WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4696 OF 2006 ~Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17558 of 2006~ S.B. SINHA, J : We may, however, notice that this Court in State of U.P
AND
the word prohibiting or some such word, to bring out that effect." |
| 01/06/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Poly CK | Judge: CP Text:
The United States federal government should:
• Reinstate federal liability in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements.
• Allow identification and incorporation of environmental mitigation measures at the discretion of individuals entering into Tribal Energy Resource Agreements.
• Acknowledge successful Public Law 638 compacts and contracts as equivalent to demonstrated capacity.
• Stream-line approval of Tribal Energy Resource Agreements and automatically approve Tribal Energy Resource Agreement proposals pending 271 days if inaction is taken on behalf of the Secretary of the Interior.
Changing the Secretary’s approval process solves the whole case—spurs wind development and balances self-determination with the trust doctrine
Royster, Co-Director – Native American Law Center @ University of Tulsa, ’12
(Judith V., "Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures," March, 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91) Nonetheless, there are steps that can be taken to tighten up the approval process
AND
resources, and do so with more direct say in the development itself. Reinstating liability avoids politics and solves energy development
Kronk, assistant professor of law – Texas Tech University, ’12
(Elizabeth Ann, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811) B. An Alternative Possibility for Reform: Reinstate Federal Liability under the TERA Provisions
AND
, would encourage tribes to enter into TERAs with the Secretary of Interior.
The plan opens up the floodgates for renewables – justifies corporate exploitation – Turns the aff – recreates neo-colonial structures
Mills 11 (Andrew D, Energy and Resources Group at UC Berkeley, Wind Energy in Indian Country: Turning to Wind for the Seventh Generation,") Broadly, the idea of dependency is summarized in the common phrase "the development
AND
on their land, wind development is still subject to the dependency critique. Turns the entire aff – CP key to reform institutions that shield indigenous cultures from coercive market forces
Mills 11 (Andrew D, Energy and Resources Group at UC Berkeley, Wind Energy in Indian Country: Turning to Wind for the Seventh Generation,") To allow the market mechanism to be the sole director of the fate of human
AND
accompany energy development (Schoepfle et al. 1984, 887-8). |
| 01/06/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Poly CK | Judge: Klein 1-2
Ezra is a Washington Post Columnist, "The Lessons of the Fiscal Cliff," http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/02/the-lessons-of-the-fiscal-cliff/-http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/01/02/the-lessons-of-the-fiscal-cliff/ The question of who "won" the fiscal cliff won’t be answered till we
AND
and so we really will breach the debt ceiling, unleashing economic havoc. U.S. News 12-20
"Setting Clear Priorities Will be Clear for Obama," http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2012/12/20/setting-clear-priorities-will-be-key-for-obama-http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2012/12/20/setting-clear-priorities-will-be-key-for-obama President Obama’s administration is brimming with new initiatives, creating a fresh sense of possibility
AND
a final pact will take up large amounts of energy and political capital. Aff’s Unpopular- Removes Environmental Review
Anderson 05
~Scot W., Davis Graham %26 Stubbs LLP. "THE INDIAN TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND ¶ SELF-DETERMINATION ACT OF 2005: ¶ OPPORTUNITIES FOR COOPERATIVE VENTURES" Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Institute ¶ Special Institute: Natural Resource Development in Indian Country. http://www.dgslaw.com/images/materials/670412.pdf-http://www.dgslaw.com/images/materials/670412.pdf~~ Environmental Review by TERA Tribes¶ Some environmental groups have expressed concern that the TERA
AND
, Congress added a tribal environmental review process ¶ to the TERA.¶ 38 Millhiser 12/30
(Ian Millhiser - Senior Constitutional Policy Analyst at the Center for American Progress Action Fund and the Editor of ThinkProgress Justice, "Lindsay Graham: I Will Destroy America’s Solvency Unless The Social Security Retirement Age Is Raised," Dec 30, 2012, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2012/12/30/1379681/lindsay-graham-i-will-destroy-americas-solvency-unless-the-social-security-retirement-age-is-raised/?mobile=nc-http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2012/12/30/1379681/lindsay-graham-i-will-destroy-americas-solvency-unless-the-social-security-retirement-age-is-raised/?mobile=nc KB) Although official Washington is currently fixated on the so-called "Fiscal Cliff,"
AND
a bigger GDP drop than that experienced during the Great Recession of 2008." Kemp 10
Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first
AND
expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population. |
| 01/06/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Poly CK | Judge: Porter 98
Porter, Director – Tribal Law and Government Center @ U Kansas, ’98¶ (Robert B., 31 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 899) Nevertheless, no matter how much responsibility we assume for the redevelopment of our sovereignty
AND
continue to erode, and with it, the existence of our nations. Zehner 12
Green illusions, ¶ Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting
AND
was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco. Free Panels, Anyone? Among the ceos and chief scientists in the solar industry
AND
the Department of Energy quietly slid into its annual statistics without a peep. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., professor of government at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, former chair of the National Security Council Group on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1986, Nuclear Ethics, p. 65 The equal access approach assumes that each generation would wish to make the tradeoffs for
AND
generation. It is not a cause of injustice to a future generation. Rescher, 83 (Nicholas, Department of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Risk: A Philosophical Introduction to the theory of risk evaluation, p. 67) In such situations we are dealing with hazards that are just not in the same
AND
alternative as involving risks that are, in the circumstances, "unacceptable". Ravenal ’9
~Earl C. Ravenal, distinguished senior fellow in foreign policy studies @ Cato, is professor emeritus of the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. He is an expert on NATO, defense strategy, and the defense budget. He is the author of Designing Defense for a New World Order. What’s Empire Got to Do with It? The Derivation of America’s Foreign Policy." Critical Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Politics and Society 21.1 (2009) 21-75~ My own direct observation suggests that defense decision-makers attempt to "frame"
AND
or to a lack of sufficient imagination to exploit opportunities for personal profit. Method focus causes endless paradigm wars Wendt ’98
Wendt, professor of international security – Ohio State University, ’98
(Alexander, "On Constitution and Causation in International Relations," British International Studies Association) As a community, we in the academic study of international politics spend too much
AND
sparring over epistemology is often one-sided, intolerant caricatures of science. |
| 01/06/2013 | |
| 01/06/2013 | |
| 01/06/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Whitman BD | Judge: Zeits 9/7/2012
(Richard, Zeits Energy Analytics, Seeking Alpha Investment Analysis, "US gas production to stay high for the next 12-18 months" seekingalpha.com/article/852901-southwestern-energy-u-s-gas-production-to-stay-high-for-the-next-12-18-months)
Mr. Mueller’s forecast, while not bullish at the first glance, in fact
AND
infrastructure has largely been put in place to accommodate massive shale gas volumes. Can’t solve emissions- lack of plants globally and not fast enoughNetzer ’11
~Nina Netzer and Jochen Steinhilber. The authors work for the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung in Berlin, Germany. Jochen Steinhilber is Head of the Department for Global Policy and Develop¬ment, Nina Netzer is in charge of International Energy and Climate Policy. "The end of nuclear energy? International perspectives after Fukushima." July 2011 ETB~ In weighing out different aims and scenarios, it is considering that neither fossil fuels
AND
, nuclear energy can¬not provide any speedier contribution to a reduction of emissions. U.S. manufacturing is in a renaissance – multiple factors
- Production costs, oil exports, China costs
Hill 12/26/2012
(The Washington Times¶ December 26, 2012 Wednesday¶ Trade deficit on course for surplus; ¶ Cheaper fuel helps cut costs for goods made in America¶ BYLINE: By Patrice Hill THE WASHINGTON TIMES¶ SECTION: A, PAGE ONE; Pg. 1 - Kurr)
Rising U.S. competitiveness has stoked a major export revival since 2009,
AND
have announced plans to locate facilities at home after years of moving abroad. Hachigan and Sutphen 08
(Nina, Senior Fellow at American Progress, senior political scientist at RAND Corporation and served as the director of the RAND Center for Asia Pacific Policy for four years, From 1998 to 1999, Hachigian was on the staff of the National Security Council in the White House, Monica Sutphen, Stanford Center for International Security, 2008, The Next American Century, p. 168-9 IN PRACTICE, the strategy of primacy failed to deliver. While the fact of
AND
dominate the world military and then question why China is modernizing its military. Warming won’t cause extinction
Barrett 7
Barrett, professor of natural resource economics – Columbia University, ’7¶ (Scott, Why Cooperate? The Incentive to Supply Global Public Goods, introduction) First, climate change does not threaten the survival of the human species.5
AND
defense, but we would have done much more about it by now. |
| 01/06/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Whitman BD | Judge: Mueller ’8
(John, poli sci prof at Ohio State Univ, "The Atomic Terrorist: Assessing the Likelihood," 1-1, Prepared for presentation at the Program on International Security Policy, Univ of Chicago, 1-15-2008, http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/APSACHGO.PDF)
Appraising the barriers. As noted earlier, most discussions of atomic terrorism deal rather
AND
after all, for those menacing and now-legendary invaders from Mars. Tepperman ’9 (Jonathan Tepperman a journalist based in New York City. "Why Obama should learn to love the bomb" Newsweek Nov 9, 2009 http://jonathantepperman.com/Welcome_files/nukes_Final.pdf-http://jonathantepperman.com/Welcome_files/nukes_Final.pdf)
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in
AND
Since acquiring atomic weapons, the two sides have never fought another war.
Every plant increases the risk of terrorism and prolif Shrader-Frechette ’8
~Kristin Shrader-Frechette teaches biological sciences and philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=10884-http://www.americamagazine.org/content/article.cfm?article_id=10884 ETB~ Pursuing nuclear power also perpetuates the myth that increasing atomic energy, and thus increasing
AND
motives for seeking nuclear materials would be unmasked as military, not civilian. Pete Domenici 12, senator and Warren Miller, co-chair of Nuclear Initiative, former DOE Assist. Sec., July 2012, "Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets," Bipartisan Policy Center
Nuclear power already plays an important role in the U.S. energy supply
AND
deal of influence over the nonproliferation aspects of international fuel-cycle issues. Farmer ’10
~J. Doyne Farmer of the Santa Fe Institute and Arjun Makhijani of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. "As US Nuclear Future? Not wanted, not needed." Nature 467, 391–393 (23 September 2010) ETB~ There are also undesirable side effects of using nuclear power. To make a large
AND
their own fuel, vastly hampering efforts to clamp down on nuclear proliferation. Export restrictions means still lose to China
Blomberg 10/1
(Brian Wingfield, "Nuclear Firms Seek Eased Export Rules as U.S. Demand Wanes" http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-01/nuclear-companies-seek-relaxed-export-rules-as-u-s-demand-wanes.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-01/nuclear-companies-seek-relaxed-export-rules-as-u-s-demand-wanes.html, SEH)
"For U.S. exporters and their customers, navigating the bureaucratic maze
AND
the largest U.S. owner and operator of commercial nuclear reactors. U.S. won’t use prolif influence
Cleary ’12
Richard is a former research assistant with the American Enterprise Institute and worked for the United States Committee on Foreign Relations, "Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to forgo nuclear fuel making," http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192%26tid=30-http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192%26tid=30, August The cases above offer a common lesson: The U.S., though constrained
AND
would have improved the chance of persuading countries to eschew fuel-making. |
| 01/06/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Whitman BD | Judge: Reuters 8/7/12
~http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/08/nuclear-power-plant-license_n_1753931.html ETB~ U.S. regulators on Tuesday suspended issuing final decisions on new licenses and on license renewals for nuclear power plants until the agency decides how to deal with the thorny issue of spent nuclear fuel. The order from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission - headed by Allison Macfarlane, a nuclear waste expert - will not stop hearings or other work on licensing activity and no license decisions are imminent, an NRC spokesman said. Nuclear is failing because its uneconomic- loan guarantees aren’t enough to solve and risk creating a speculation bubble Cooper ’11
~Mark Cooper Senior Research Fellow for Economic Analysis Institute for Energy and the Environment, Vermont Law School. AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET FORCES THAT MAKE NUCLEAR REACTORS RISKY INVESTMENTS. ETB~ The following charts vividly illustrate the folly of the federal government taking further steps to make nuclear even more of a "ward of the state."
Factor 1: Nuclear reactors cost much more than the industry projected when it made
AND
in the textbooks as an example of market mania on a grand scale. Robertson ’11
~Joseph Robertson is a visiting instructor in Spanish language and humanities at Villanova University, where he is also the creator and coordinator of the GreenNOVAtion online community for environmentally sustainable projects, organizer of the ClimateTalks.info roundtable discussion series, and chair of the Technology Committee of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures. Through the Hot Spring Network, a social-networking innovation project aimed at brainstorming paradigm-shift solutions, he created and operates ProjectQuipu.net, a user-made global economic forum that seeks to find new ways to assess the real economic value of intangibles, and to propose generative policy solutions that empower individuals and communities, and foster a more democratic, more open economy. He also runs another Hot Spring project, Futurismo Verde, a Spanish-language publication focused on ecological economics, sustainability and innovation. http://www.casavaria.com/hotspring/2011/10/20/1474/nuclear-power-offshore-drilling-may-keep-oil-prices-artificially-high/-http://www.casavaria.com/hotspring/2011/10/20/1474/nuclear-power-offshore-drilling-may-keep-oil-prices-artificially-high/ ETB~ Now, given the intense security concerns related to nuclear power, rapid construction is
AND
derived from nuclear power, if the massive new construction project were undertaken. |
| 01/15/2013 | Tournament: USc | Round: Doubles | Opponent: MSU HR | Judge: Hagel won’t be confirmed
Greenfield 1-1
Daniel is a columnist for Front Page Mag, "Does Anyone Actually Want Hagel for Secretary of Defense," http://frontpagemag.com/2013/dgreenfield/does-anyone-actually-want-hagel-for-secretary-of-defense/-http://frontpagemag.com/2013/dgreenfield/does-anyone-actually-want-hagel-for-secretary-of-defense/ In the Senate, where it really counts, Senator Tom Coburn opposes Hagel because
AND
different personalities. Where most Senators have made friends, Hagel seems to have Koplow, ’11
~Doug, founder of Earth Track, Inc., has worked on natural resource subsidy issues for more than 20 years, mainly in the energy sector, holds a B.A. in economics from Wesleyan University, M.B.A. from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, Union of Concerned Scientists, February, "Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable Without Subsidies," http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear_subsidies_report.pdf~~
The industry and its allies are now pressuring all levels of government for large new subsidies to support the construction and operation of a new generation of reactors and fuel-cycle facilities. The substantial political support the industry has attracted thus far rests largely on an uncritical acceptance of the industry’s economic claims and an incomplete understanding of the subsidies that made—and continue to make—the existing nuclear fleet possible.
Capital’s key
Bloomberg 12-30
"Obama’s Political, Policy, and Pentagon Position," http://www.bendbulletin.com/article/20121230/NEWS0107/212300381/-http://www.bendbulletin.com/article/20121230/NEWS0107/212300381/ President Barack Obama faces a growing dilemma in his choice of a new defense secretary
AND
he needs for the bigger battle over the federal budget and deficit reduction.
Hagel causes Israeli strike on Iran and Iranian Prolif
Dershowitz 12-21
Alan is the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard, "Hagel: The Wrong Man," Were Chuck Hagel to be nominated as secretary of defense, the Iranian mullahs would
AND
But Hagel apparently sees things in terms of Jewish interests versus American interests. Israeli attack causes extinction- kills hege, economy, and trade
Reuveny ’10
(Rafael Reuveny is a professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University. "Israel and Iran: a unilateral strike could trigger World War III" The Nation McClatchy-Tribune Information Services August 6, 2010)
A unilateral Israeli strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities would likely have dire consequences, including
AND
green light. A unilateral Israeli strike could ultimately spark World War III. |
| 01/15/2013 | |
| 01/15/2013 | |
| 01/15/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: Doubles | Opponent: MSU HR | Judge: No impact to environmental collapse
Easterbrook ’3
(Gregg, senior fellow at The New Republic, July, Wired Magazine, "We’re All Gonna Die%21" http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.07/doomsday.html?pg=1%26topic=%26topic_set-http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.07/doomsday.html?pg=1%26topic=%26topic_set=) If we’re talking about doomsday - the end of human civilization - many scenarios simply
AND
as he was, wrote Remembrance of Things Past while lying in bed. Galdwell ’95
(Malcolm, The New Republic, July 17 and 24, excerpted in Epidemics: Opposing Viewpoints, 1999, p. 31-32)
Every infectious agent that has ever plagued humanity has had to adapt a specific strategy
AND
, but they neglect to point out the limitations of microscopic life forms. Fast transition comparatively worse than slow transition to nanotech- the impacts are war, environmental destruction, terrorism, and economic collapse.
Treder 5
(Mike, Executive Director of CRN and managing director of the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, "Breakthrough Development" http://crnano.typepad.com/crnblog/2005/07/breakthrough.html) Will development of advanced nanotechnology arrive as an incremental advance, perhaps in 20 or
AND
an attempt appear feasible. Likewise, police might opt for universal surveillance. Paranchi ’1
(John, RAND Analyst, "Anthrax Attacks, Biological Terrorism and Preventive Responses," Rand Testimony, Ct 186, http://www.rand.org/publications/CT/CT186/CT186.pdf nov.)
The use of disease and biological material as a weapon is not a new method
AND
simply concentrate their efforts on more readily available alternatives. Pg 11-12 Rajiv Kumar, 11/12/08, Protectionism and Obama, p. http://www.mydigitalfc.com/opinion/protectionism-and-obama
President designate Obama, while he can, of course, take the protectionist route
AND
actual imposition of higher tariff or non-tariff walls by the US. The Unipolar Moment is over and can’t be recovered – 08 financial crash means the US can’t prevent competitionRachman 11
(Gideon Rachman, Financial Times chief foreign affairs commentator, Zero-Sum Future, 2011, pp 3-4) But the economic crisis that struck the world in 2008 has changed the logic of
AND
the "unipolar moment" that began with the collapse of the Soviet Union Cohen ’12
~Michael A. Cohen is a regular columnist for Foreign Policy’s Election 2012 Channel and a fellow at the Century Foundation. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/21/rotting_from_the_inside_out?page=full-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/21/rotting_from_the_inside_out?page=full ETB~ There is, however, one serious problem with this analysis. Any discussion of
AND
them are generally considered elements of national security, perhaps they should be. |
| 01/15/2013 | |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
Interpretation: When you break a new aff you must disclose the aff and advantages. Vote Negative 1 Fairness- Key to prevent affirmatives from breaking hundres of affs that cannot survive 45 minutes of pre round work. 2 Education- Allows negative to prepare Advantage CP’s and strategies beyond generic agent CP’s. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
Purchase Agreements are not financial incentives
Czinkota 2009 - Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University (Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69)
Financial incentives offer special funding for the investor by providing, for example, land or buildings, loans, and loan guarantees. Non financial incentives include guaranteed government purchases, special protection from competition through tariffs, import quotas, and local content requirements, and investments in infrastructure facilities. Vote Negative 1 Limits- Allows large regulatory programs like FITS and RPS. 2 Ground- Spike solvency claims by guaranteeing a market and allow small agency Procurement which spikes politics.. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
1NC Primary energy production means the increase must be a net generation increase
Energici 12 (provides business intelligence and decision support services to companies and investors active in the wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and bioenergy industries. Specializes in providing robust research, analysis and intelligence coverage of trends and developments) February “PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION (MONTHLY)” http://www.energici.com/energy-profiles/by-country/europe-m-z/sweden/49-countries/north-america/usa/usa-geothermal/449-primary-energy-production Definition : Primary Energy Production is the amount of energy converted from a primary energy
AND
and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption and biofuels feedstock. Vote Negative 1 Limits- Allows any conversion aff like CTL, CCS, Reprocessing and Refinaries. 2 Ground- Spike links to current energy by saying they make it better. 1NR Shell
Primary energy production means the increase must be a net generation increase
Energici 12 (provides business intelligence and decision support services to companies and investors active in the wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and bioenergy industries. Specializes in providing robust research, analysis and intelligence coverage of trends and developments) February “PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION (MONTHLY)” http://www.energici.com/energy-profiles/by-country/europe-m-z/sweden/49-countries/north-america/usa/usa-geothermal/449-primary-energy-production Definition : Primary Energy Production is the amount of energy converted from a primary energy
AND
and wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption and biofuels feedstock. Energy Production Primary energy production is the first stage of energy from resources United Nations No Date
(“Primary Energy Productions, Cyber School Bus Definitions, http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/infonation/labelDefs/primaryenergypr.html, SEH) Primary Energy Production ¶ How much energy is converted from a primary energy source,
AND
the United Nations Secretariat and is published in the United Nations Statistical Yearbook. 2NC Your Conversion
There is a distinction between conversion and production
Sagar et al 05 Ambuj, senior research associate in the Science, Technology, and Public Policy program at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Honyan He Oliver is a research fellow in the Science, Technology, and Public Policy program at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Ananth Chikkatur is a research fellow in the Science, Technology, and Public Policy program at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. “Climate Change, Energy, and Developing Countries” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law Journal 2005-2006 - The energy sector encompasses activities relating to the production, conversion, and
AND
in industrial, residential, commercial, transportation and other end-uses.
LNG terminals Wreck Everything FERC agrees – LNG terminals and production are distinct and terminals won’t even necessarily lead to increased production
Foster Report 8/3/2012
(Foster Natural Gas/Oil Report; August 3, 2012 “Sierra Club Fails To Gain Traction With Broader Agenda Unveiled in its Opposition to the Sabine Pass Natural Gas Liquefaction Project Designed to Facilitate Exports; FERC Defines "Controversy",” SECTION: NEPA, ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS AT FERC; Pg. 21; Lexis – Kurr) The April 16 order agreed with the EA's conclusion that, with a number of
AND
over the permitting, siting, construction or operation of natural gas wells. Standards B. Topic education – Precisely defining energy production is crucial
Gene Whitney (Section Research Manager at the Congressional Research Service), Carl E. Behrens (Specialist in Energy Policy at the CRS) and Carol Glover (Information Research Specialist at the CRS) November 2010 “U.S. Fossil Fuel Resources:
Terminology, Reporting, and Summary” http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.viewandFileStore_id=04212e22-c1b3-41f2-b0ba-0da5eaead952 Terminology A search for energy statistics in the literature quickly reveals a large number of
AND
in terms of their likelihood of being developed and their stage of development.
Second, predictable limits – They confuse conversion with production – this justifies any use of natural gas.
Sagar et al 05 Ambuj, senior research associate in the Science, Technology, and Public Policy program at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Honyan He Oliver is a research fellow in the Science, Technology, and Public Policy program at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Ananth Chikkatur is a research fellow in the Science, Technology, and Public Policy program at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. “Climate Change, Energy, and Developing Countries” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law Journal 2005-2006 - The energy sector encompasses activities relating to the production, conversion, and
AND
in industrial, residential, commercial, transportation and other end-uses.
Explodes the topic – there are an infinite number of uses and possible conversions of natural gas.
Natural Gas.Org 11 Uses of Natural Gas, http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/uses.asp
For hundreds of years, natural gas has been known as a very useful substance
AND
, with the residential sector consuming the second greatest quantity of natural gas. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
The affirmative’s call to SECURITY only reifies insecurity
Dillon and Reid 2K0
Professor of Politics at the University of Lancaster and lecturer in international relations at Kings College in London, 2000 Michael and Julian, Alternatives vol. 25, issue 1, spring, EbscoHost As a precursor to global governance, governmentality, according to Foucault's initial account,
AND
detailed ways in which life is variously (policy) problematized by it. The 1AC cause a violent state that leads to extinction
Agamben 2K2,
Professor of Philosophy at the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris, Giorgio, Theory and Event 5:4, ProjectMuse Security as the basic principle of state politics dates back to the birth of the
AND
and not to reduce itself to attempts to control them once they occur. ALTERNATIVE: VOTE NEGATIVE. ONLY TOTALLY ESCHEWING THE LOGIC OF SECURITY SOLVES.
NEOCLEOUS 2K8.
Mark, Professor of Critique of Political Economy at Brunel University (UK), “Critique of Security.” Pg. 185-186
The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is
AND
state; it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
CP text: the 50 States and all relevant Territories should enter into a memorandum of understanding with the United States Air Force over procuring coal-to-liquids fuel for its energy production. The Compact should collect revenue via a Clean Energy Community Finance Initiative.
Compacts solve faster than the federal government
Mountjoy ‘01
John is a policy analyst with the council of State Governments, “Interstate Compacts Make a Comeback,” Spring http://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/ncic/Comeback.pdf
Some may question the need for interstate compacts to address multi-state policy issues
AND
not, federal preemption in certain policy areas is a distinct ¶ possibility. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
The United States federal government should establish a Quadrennial Energy Review. In the Quadrennial Energy Review, the United States federal government should include a recommendation for the United States Air Force over procuring coal-to-liquids fuel for its energy production QER Solves and avoids politics
Moniz 12
Ernest Moniz, Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems and Director of the Energy Initiative at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Former Clinton Administration Under Secretary of the Department of Energy and as Associate Director for Science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy ; serves on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Spring 2012, Stimulating Energy Technology Innovation, Daedalus, Vol. 141, No. 2, Pages 81-93 It should come as no surprise that I do not have the answers for how
AND
government-wide actions that earn decent buy-in from major stakeholders.¶
Note: PCAST = President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
Will approve- draft
Business Monitor 3-28
“Draft Department Report Supports Keystone XL,” lexis One of the key determin ants of the US State Department's draft environmental impact assessment
AND
Oversee Major US Energy Policy Debates,' February 7, 2013 ) . Coal regulations key to keystone
CQ Weekly 2-25
“Obama Faces Pressure on Keystone XL,” Supporters argue that the project would create thousands of jobs and ensure a stable oil
AND
third-largest emissions source in 2011, although earlier deadlines have slipped. No Keystone collapse U.S.-China Relations
Tu, 12 – Carnegie Energy program senior associate
Kevin, "China Should be Cautious about the Canadian Oil Sands," Carnegie Endowment, 2-10-12, carnegieendowment.org/2012/02/10/china-should-be-cautious-about-canadian-oil-sands, accessed 2-10-13, mss On February 7, the Canadian prime minister, Stephen Harper, arrived in Beijing
AND
host country’s internal politics into consideration when they make future overseas investment decisions. Extinction
Wittner, 11 -- State University of New York history professor
Lawrence, "Is a Nuclear War with China Possible," 11-28-11, www.huntingtonnews.net/14446, accessed 2-10-13, mss While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.
AND
that of the world, they should be working to encourage these policies. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
1NC Immigration will pass
Washington Times 3-28
“Immigration Bill Agreement Very Close; Guest Workers Still a Hurdle for Business, Labor Leaders,” lexis Members of the "Gang of Eight" tasked with carving out a comprehensive immigration
AND
, we've been on the phone all day with our four other colleagues."¶ PC Key
Foley 1/15 Elise is a writer @ Huff Post Politics. “Obama Gears Up For Immigration Reform Push In Second Term,” 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/obama-immigration-reform_n_2463388.html
Obama has repeatedly said he will push hard for immigration reform in his second term
AND
-style arrangement jammed by leadership -- while keeping the president heavily involved. Even with CCS CTL is political unpopular
Höök and Aleklett ‘10
(Mikael Höök and Kjell Aleklett, Uppsala University, Global Energy Systems, Department of physics and astronomy “A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption” 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1596, TSW) In addition, the social and environmental impacts of large scale development of CTL must
AND
acceptance, for CTL might become challenging because of its unavoidable environmental impact. Legalization solves the deficit
Tucker 10
Cynthia is a columnist for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. “We need immigrants to help pay the deficit,” Nov 19, http://blogs.ajc.com/cynthia-tucker/2010/11/19/we-need-immigrants-to-help-pay-the-deficit/ Recommendations for taming the deficit include raising the retirement age, raising the federal gas
AND
taxes.” Why not add all of them to the federal tax rolls?
Long Term Deficit kills hegemony causes nuclear war
Khalilzad 11
Zalmay Khalilzad, the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, February 8, 2011, “The Economy and National Security; If we don’t get our economic house in order, we risk a new era of multi-polarity,” online: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad
Without faster economic growth and actions to reduce deficits, publicly held national debt is
AND
the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. 2NC Reform’s key to heg
Nye 12 Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, is University Professor at Harvard University. “Immigration and American Power,” December 10, Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s~-~-nye
CAMBRIDGE – The United States is a nation of immigrants. Except for a small
AND
long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US. Key to Military Primacy solves hegemony
Paarlberg 04
Prof. of Poli. Sci. at Wellesley, and Assoc.at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard Science, Military Dominance, and U.S. Security, Robert L. Paarlberg, International Security 29.1 (2004) 122-151
Military primacy today rests on scientific primacy, and the scientific primacy ofthe United States
AND
Livermore National Laboratory-designed system for monitoring the air for biological attack. Immigration key to economy- boosts all sectors
Klein 1-29
Ezra is a Bloomberg and Washington Post Columnist, “To Fix the U.S. Economy, Fix Immigration,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-29/to-fix-the-u-s-economy-fix-immigration.html ¶ Washington tends to have a narrow view of what counts as “economic policy
AND
business owners. Immigration reform is a way to get more of both. Decline causes war
Kemp 10
Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called Mayhem and Chaos, is the opposite of the first
AND
expected, with dire consequences for two-thirds of the planet’s population. Links CTL unpopular – Obama backed off and Montana failure proves
BROWN ‘11
(MATTHEW BROWN AP “Mont. tribe's $7B coal project stalls, draws suit” May 19, 2011 Thursday 11:57 PM GMT lexis, TSW) A Montana tribe's plan to build a $7 billion coal-to-liquids
AND
environmentalists have vowed to fight in court any plant that moves toward construction. Congress has rejected in past
Bunning ‘10
(The office of Sen Jim Bunning, R-Ky “¶ SEN. BUNNING'S SPRING NEWSLETTER” June 16, 2010 Wednesday 6:06 PM EST Lexis,TSW) Clean Coal¶ I have always been proud to be from a coal state.
AND
needs for a secure energy supply and does not cost any taxpayer dollars. Immigration passes- Washington Times 3-28 says labor and business nearly have a deal on low-skilled and that the Gang of eight is nearly done. More Reasons it passes: A Obama pushing but passage isn’t guaranteed
CT POST 3/28/13 Connecticut Post http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Immigration-reform-gaining-support-in-Congress-4393187.php A Republican Party in desperate search for relevance to Latino voters. An expanded Democratic
AND
necessary to pass a reform bill.¶ Still, it won't be easy. A Last Time
Khimm 3-19
Suzy is a Budget and Economy reporter for the Washington Post, “Five Reasons Why Immigration Reform is Moving Forward,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/19/five-reasons-why-immigration-reform-is-moving-forward/ We’ve been through this before. The 2006-07 immigration reform talks fell apart
AND
, major piece of social change is a long process,” Giovagnoli concludes.
B Interests
Khimm 3-19
Suzy is a Budget and Economy reporter for the Washington Post, “Five Reasons Why Immigration Reform is Moving Forward,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/19/five-reasons-why-immigration-reform-is-moving-forward/ 4) Powerful interest groups are trying to help the process along. The labor
AND
don’t like what this says about the country,’” says Giovagnoli.
C Vote Count
Simendinger 3-26
Alexis Covers the White House for Real Clear Politics, “Obama Expects April Senate Debate on Immigration,” http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/03/26/obama_expects_april_senate_debate_on_immigration_117644.html “We haven’t set a firm date,” Celcia Muñoz, the director of the
AND
Democrats, 45 Republicans, and two independents who vote with the majority. A2: Citizenship Deal on citizenship
CNN 3-27
“Immigration Tops Agenda as Senators Tour Border,” lexis Democrats and Republicans have been bogged down for years over the question of how best
AND
out how to measure that has been a major part of the talks. A2: Piecemeal Gang of eight agrees
AP 3-28
“Senators tour border, say immigration bill near,” http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2013-03-28/senators-tour-border-say-immigration-bill-near The senators stressed only comprehensive immigration reform, not piecemeal solutions, had any hope of passing both chambers of Congress.¶ "We are not going to slice it up," McCain said. Piecemeal always fails capital keeps deal
Helderman and Nakamura 1/25, Rosalind S. Helderman covers Congress and politics for the Washington Post, staff writer for The Washington Post “Senators nearing agreement on broad immigration reform proposal,” 1/25, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/senators-nearing-agreement-on-broad-immigration-reform-proposal/2013/01/25/950fb78a-6642-11e2-9e1b-07db1d2ccd5b_story.html
But obstacles abound. For instance, Rubio has said he thinks immigrants who came
AND
for them to step up and engage and act together with the president.” Has to be comprehensive to pass- dems
ABC News 2-7
“Senate Democrats Dig in on Immigration,” http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/senate-democrats-demand-path-citizenship-comprehensive-immigration-bill/story?id=18431903 Senate Democrats on Thursday pushed back against Republican opposition to key elements of comprehensive immigration
AND
a decade could pass before undocumented immigrants can apply for permanent legal status. PC Key to Immigration PC is key motivates democrats and key republicans
Shifter 12/27/12 (Michael, President of the Inter-American Dialogue, “Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?”)
Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US’s shameful and broken immigration
AND
needed -- would take away energy and time from other priorities like immigration. PC key.
The Atlantic 2/21/13 There's Reason to Be Optimistic About Congress—Seriously, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/02/theres-reason-to-be-optimistic-about-congress-seriously/273393/ Nevertheless, this is a new congressional session, and Boren's pessimism might possibly be
AND
Washington's top leaders -- discussion of a deal being cut becomes sharply pessimistic. A2: Budget Everyone’s budget is irrelevant they’ll do a CR
Bazinet 3-26
Kenneth is associate editor of government and politics for Kiplinger, “Obama, Congress Still Miles Apart on U.S. Budget,” http://www.kiplinger.com/article/taxes/T043-C012-S001-obama-congress-still-miles-apart-on-u-s-budget.html Since the House and Senate passed separate budget bills last week, they've already met
AND
to a continuing resolution to keep the government running for a few months. Budget discussion happens this Summer
Fournier 3-21
Ron is Editorial Director for the National Journal, “Debunking 2 Myths: GOP Won’t Raise Taxes and Budget Deal is Dead,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/debunking-2-myths-the-gop-won-t-raise-taxes-and-budget-deal-is-dead-20130321 The best time for a deal to occur is this summer when the debt ceiling
AND
cuts -- could be a rare moment of pride and accomplishment for Washington.
Immigration First
Obama focused on immigration
USA Today 3-24
“Obama Returns to Immigration Issue,” http://www.usatoday.com/story/theoval/2013/03/24/obama-immigration-republicans-napolitano/2014581/ Fresh off his Middle East trip, President Obama returns to domestic issues this week
AND
pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants who are already in the United States.
Generic
DoD energy leadership causes Congressional battles
Cardwell 12
Diane Cardwell, NYTimes, 8/27/12, Military SPending on Biofuels Draws Fire, www.nytimes.com/2012/08/28/business/military-spending-on-biofuels-draws-fire.html?pagewanted=all And that has made them a flash point in a larger political battle over government
AND
new fuel markets when it is buying less equipment and considering cutting salaries. Procurement New Procurement is unpopular
MURDOCK and SAYLER 3-19
Dr. Clark is Director of the CSIS Defense and National Security Group and Kelley is an author at the CSIS, “Preparing for the 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review,” http://csis.org/files/publication/130319_Murdock_Preparing2014QDR_Web.pdf Defense procurement accounts have historically borne the brunt of reductions in the defense ¶ budget
AND
mindful of these effects as they conduct the 2014 QDR, he concluded. A2: Congress Doesn’t Care Obama would have to get involved to overcome McCain blocking appropriations
Rogin ‘12
Josh writes the Cable Blog, “McCain Moves to Shutdown Pentagon’s Power to reprogram funds,” http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/03/13/mccain_moves_to_shut_down_pentagon_s_power_to_reprogram_funds, march Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) is moving to reassert Congressional control
AND
bill. A Pentagon spokesman didn't immediate respond to a request for comment. P.C. True Capital Key and Finite - studies prove
Beckmann and Kumar ’11
Matthew and Vimal are in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, Irvine, “How Presidents Push: Win Presidents Win: A Model of Presidential Power in U.S. Lawmaking,” Journal of Theoretical Politics 23:1 Fortunately for contemporary presidents, today’s White House affords its occupants an¶ unrivaled supply
AND
to explicate those margins and show how¶ presidents may systematically influence them. P.C. Key
Dickerson 3-7
John is CBS News’ Political Director and a Slate Columnist, “Welcome to the White House,” http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2013/03/barack_obama_s_invites_republicans_to_the_white_house_the_president_s_effort.single.html President Obama is reaching out to Republicans. He had dinner with GOP senators Wednesday
AND
matter who a president meets with but also whether the environment is ripe. 2NR Pass now: business and labor agreement boosts chances
AP 3-30 lexis
Business and labor close in on deal on low-skilled worker program for immigration bill
WASHINGTON (AP) Prospects for a Senate deal on an ambitious rewrite of the
AND
bureau pushed by the labor movement as an objective monitor of the market. Obama’s focusing on immigration
Politico 3-27
“Obama Renews Push on Immigration Reform,” http://www.politico.com/politico44/2013/03/obama-renews-push-on-immigration-reform-160372.html?hp=r3 President Obama sought to refocus the political conversation on immigration reform Wednesday in interviews with
AND
added on Univision. "Hopefully we'll be able to get it done." Obama involved in negotiations
AP 3-27
“Obama Back at the Forefront of Immigration Debate,” lexis The president made little progress in overhauling the nation's fractured immigration laws in his first
AND
Congress returns from a two-week recess the week of April 8. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
Text: The United States federal government should replace the legacy fighter fleets with fourth-generation and fifth-generation fighters and should increase funding for development of future upgrades to the latest U.S. fighter aircraft.
The United States federal government should inform North Korea it will launch nuclear weapons on its capital in the event it crosses the DMZ
The United Federal government should increase the airforce budget by $1.4 billion. CP solves air-based deterrence best
Eaglen and Szaszdi 9 (Mackenzie, Research Fellow for National Security Studies @ Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, and Lajos, PhD and Researcher in the Center for Foreign Policy Studies, The Heritage Foundation, “The Growing Air Power Fighter Gap: Implications for U.S. National Security,” July 7th, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2009/07/The-Growing-Air-Power-Fighter-Gap-Implications-for-US-National-Security, EMM)
No foreign nation or new advanced fighter platform poses an immediate threat to America's air
AND
S. fighters or for initial development of a sixth-generation fighter. |
| 03/30/2013 | |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
Even in a shock military still gains access
Alic ‘12,
former tech and science consultant – Office of Technology Assessment, adjunt professor – Johns Hopkins SAIS, John, “Defense Department Energy Innovation: Three Cases,” in Energy Innovation at the Department of Defense: Assessing the Opportunities, March In any event, should serious bottlenecks in fuel supplies¶ appear, the United
AND
have more¶ to fear from supply constrictions and price rises than DoD.
No scenario for a cut-off and the SPR solves
Green, resident scholar – AEI, 7/2/’12
(Kenneth P., “End the DoD's green energy fuelishness,” AEI) Virtually none of these arguments pass a laugh test. Yes, when conventional fuels
AND
... the SPR could power the military by itself for almost 6 years. Airpower can’t solve conflict
Astore 13
(William J, retired Lieutenant Colonel and History Professor, March 25, “The ever-destructive fantasy of air power”, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/World/WOR-01-250313.html) Despite an unimaginably powerful nuclear deterrent that essentially couldn't be used, the US Air
AND
me this is not the dream that airpower enthusiasts had in mind. ¶ |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard HT | Judge:
1NC Can’t solve for 9 years
Coil et al ‘12
(David Coil, Erin McKittrick, Bretwood Higman “Coal to Liquids (CTL)” 25th September 2012 http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/Issues/AlaskaCoal/CoalToLiquids.html, TSW) In addition, because no CTL plant has ever used CCS, there is no
AND
surge, the cost of most types of coal rose steeply as well. Aff has it backwards, no CCS tech means no CTL – their author
Bartis et al ‘08
(James T. – Senior policy researcher at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in chemical physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Sc.B. in chemistry, Brown University, Frank Camm – senior economist at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. and A.M. in economics, University of Chicago; A.B. in economics, Princeton University, David S. Ortiz – Ph.D. in electrical engineering, M.S.E. in aerospace and mechanical engineering, University of Michigan, “Producing Liquid Fuels from Coal Prospects and Policy Issues”, 2008 http://www.rentechinc.com/pdfs/RAND_MG754.pdf, TSW) Large-scale carbon sequestration has not yet been demonstrated in the United States.
AND
that are commensurate with or slightly below those of conventional-petroleum products.
Not enough sites for CCS – their author
Bartis et al ‘08
(James T. – Senior policy researcher at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. in chemical physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Sc.B. in chemistry, Brown University, Frank Camm – senior economist at the RAND Corporation, Ph.D. and A.M. in economics, University of Chicago; A.B. in economics, Princeton University, David S. Ortiz – Ph.D. in electrical engineering, M.S.E. in aerospace and mechanical engineering, University of Michigan, “Producing Liquid Fuels from Coal Prospects and Policy Issues”, 2008 http://www.rentechinc.com/pdfs/RAND_MG754.pdf, TSW) Once large-scale carbon sequestration is proven possible, there is still the issue
AND
processes and environmental assessments required by ¶ the National Environmental Policy Act.6
Would require tons of different CTL tech - can’t use all types of coal
Höök and Aleklett ‘10
(Mikael Höök and Kjell Aleklett, Uppsala University, Global Energy Systems, Department of physics and astronomy “A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption” 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1596, TSW) Other process problems¶ Liquefaction can also be affected by the different properties of the
AND
19. Consequently, suitable designs are essential for obtaining good performance. 2NC CTL can’t meet oil production demand
Höök and Aleklett ‘10
(Mikael Höök and Kjell Aleklett, Uppsala University, Global Energy Systems, Department of physics and astronomy “A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption” 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1596, TSW) In order to offset decline in existing oil production for just one year, around
AND
can only be a minor contributor and must be combined with other strategies.
Conversion is infeasible – efficiency issues Takes a ton of coal to make a barrel of oil
Höök and Aleklett ‘10
(Mikael Höök and Kjell Aleklett, Uppsala University, Global Energy Systems, Department of physics and astronomy “A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption” 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1596, TSW) 5. Coal consumption of CTL¶ The consumed amount of coal in CTL is
AND
especially since ICL is the more likely future CTL-technology development path.
CTL unsustainable Reject their studies they don’t include coal consumption forecasts
Höök and Aleklett ‘10
(Mikael Höök and Kjell Aleklett, Uppsala University, Global Energy Systems, Department of physics and astronomy “A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption” 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1596, TSW) 5.1. Coal consumption in various CTL-forecasts¶ Any CTL production
AND
planning should not be use such vaguely justified numbers or assumed conversion ratios.
CTL infeasible – prefer our ev their studies are rigided
Höök and Aleklett ‘10
(Mikael Höök and Kjell Aleklett, Uppsala University, Global Energy Systems, Department of physics and astronomy “A review on coal to liquid fuels and its coal consumption” 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.1596, TSW) Estimates for coal consumption of coal liquefaction have been presented in many studies 8
AND
reserve holders that can divert shares of their production to liquefaction.¶ 18¶ |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
Off 1
T Energy
Interpretation – Restrictions on production prohibit, Aff only reduces a regulation on production.
Anell 89
Chairman, WTO panel "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such findings as will assist the CONTRACTING PARTIES in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in Article XXIII:2." 3. On 3 April 1989, the Council was informed that agreement had been reached on the following composition of the Panel (C/164): Composition Chairman: Mr. Lars E.R. Anell Members: Mr. Hugh W. Bartlett Mrs. Carmen Luz Guarda CANADA - IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON ICE CREAM AND YOGHURT Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68) http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf The United States argued that Canada had failed to demonstrate that it effectively restricted domestic
AND
to what the situation would be in the absence of all government measures.
On is exclusive
Graham 16
(Arthur Butler, "Brief for Appellants – Wilson v. Dorflinger %26 Sons", Court of Appeals – State of New York, Reg. 108, Fol. 387, 1916, p. 11-12) The Standard Dictionary defines the word "on" as follows: "In or
AND
are controlled by the operator, in whatever direction he may deem advisable. TERA environment review is regulation
Unger 09 – aff author (most likely)
(Fall, 2009¶ Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review¶ 43 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 329¶ LENGTH: 20782 words¶ NOTE AND COMMENT: CHANGE IS IN THE WIND: SELF-DETERMINATION AND WIND POWER THROUGH TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS¶ NAME: Kathleen R. Unger*¶ BIO: * J.D. Candidate, May 2010, Loyola Law School Los Angeles; M.A., Linguistic Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin; A.B., Anthropology, University of Michigan) A tribe developing resources under a TERA must undertake an environmental review as provided for
AND
would be appropriate for development projects they regulate and manage on their lands. Vote Negative - Including reg’s unlimits.
Doub 76
Energy Regulation: A Quagmire for Energy Policy Annual Review of Energy Vol. 1: 715-725 (Volume publication date November 1976) DOI: 10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby and MacRae, 1757 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 Mr. Doub is a principal in the law firm of Doub and Muntzing, which he formed in 1977. Previously he was a partner in the law firm of LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby and MacRae. He was a member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1971 - 1974. He served as a member of the Executive Advisory Committee to the Federal Power Commission in 1968 - 1971 and was appointed by the President of the United States to the President's Air Quality Advisory Board in 1970. He is a member of the American Bar Association, Maryland State Bar Association, and Federal Bar Association. He is immediate past Chairman of the U.S. National Committee of the World Energy Conference and a member of the Atomic Industrial Forum. He currently serves as a member of the nuclear export policy committees of both the Atomic Industrial Forum and the American Nuclear Energy Council. Mr. Doub graduated from Washington and Jefferson College (B.A., 1953) and the University of Maryland School of Law in 1956. He is married, has two children, and resides in Potomac, Md. He was born September 3, 1931, in Cumberland, Md. http://0-www.annualreviews.org.library.lausys.georgetown.edu/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435
FERS began with the recognition that federal energy policy must result from concerted efforts in
AND
agencies. Unfortunately, this example is the rule rather than the exception.
2. Precision – A distinction between regulation and restrictions is key.
Sinha 6
http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/ Supreme Court of India Union Of India and Ors vs M/S. Asian Food Industries on 7 November, 2006 Author: S.B. Sinha Bench: S Sinha, Mark, E Katju CASE NO.: Writ Petition (civil) 4695 of 2006 PETITIONER: Union of India and Ors. RESPONDENT: M/s. Asian Food Industries DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/11/2006 BENCH: S.B. Sinha and Markandey Katju JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17008 of 2006 WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4696 OF 2006 Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17558 of 2006 S.B. SINHA, J : We may, however, notice that this Court in State of U.P
AND
the word prohibiting or some such word, to bring out that effect." |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming | Judge:
T U.S.
Indian Country is not in the United States- foreign country
US Department of State Manual ’12
“7 Fam 1113 Not Included in the Meaning of “in the United States” http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86755.pdf Before U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark, the only occasion on
AND
authorizing individuals of particular tribes to become citizens upon ¶ application for naturalization.” Limits- Opens up anything outside the U.S. Education- Can learn about confines of where U.S. policy exists. Turns the aff- Paternalistic to assume U.S. controls sovereign nations. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
Immigration will pass
Washington Times 3-28
“Immigration Bill Agreement Very Close; Guest Workers Still a Hurdle for Business, Labor Leaders,” lexis Members of the "Gang of Eight" tasked with carving out a comprehensive immigration
AND
, we've been on the phone all day with our four other colleagues."¶ PC Key
Foley 1/15 Elise is a writer @ Huff Post Politics. “Obama Gears Up For Immigration Reform Push In Second Term,” 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/obama-immigration-reform_n_2463388.html
Obama has repeatedly said he will push hard for immigration reform in his second term
AND
-style arrangement jammed by leadership -- while keeping the president heavily involved. Plan is unpopular – causes congressional fights
Kronk, Associate Professor of Law at Kansas,12 (Elizabeth Ann, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Kansas, Director, Tribal Law and Government Center, “Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended “Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development” and the Resulting Need for Reform29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811 (2012), 5-21.http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1705andcontext=pelr) If Senator Bingaman’s viewpoint is any indication, Congress may be unwilling to relinquish
AND
, this second proposal would also constitute an improvement over the status quo. Legalization solves the deficit
Tucker 10
Cynthia is a columnist for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. “We need immigrants to help pay the deficit,” Nov 19, http://blogs.ajc.com/cynthia-tucker/2010/11/19/we-need-immigrants-to-help-pay-the-deficit/ Recommendations for taming the deficit include raising the retirement age, raising the federal gas
AND
taxes.” Why not add all of them to the federal tax rolls?
Long Term Deficit kills hegemony causes nuclear war
Khalilzad 11
Zalmay Khalilzad, the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992, February 8, 2011, “The Economy and National Security; If we don’t get our economic house in order, we risk a new era of multi-polarity,” online: http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/259024/economy-and-national-security-zalmay-khalilzad
Without faster economic growth and actions to reduce deficits, publicly held national debt is
AND
the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
CP Text:
The United States federal government should:
• Reinstate federal liability in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements.
• Allow identification and incorporation of environmental mitigation measures at the discretion of individuals entering into Tribal Energy Resource Agreements.
• Stream-line approval of Tribal Energy Resource Agreements and automatically approve Tribal Energy Resource Agreement proposals pending 271 days if inaction is taken on behalf of the Secretary of the Interior.
Counterplan solves self determination Royster, Co-Director – Native American Law Center @ University of Tulsa, ‘12
(Judith V., “Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures,” March, 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91) Nonetheless, there are steps that can be taken to tighten up the approval process
AND
resources, and do so with more direct say in the development itself. Solves but doesn’t link to politics Kronk, assistant professor of law – Texas Tech University, ‘12
(Elizabeth Ann, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811) B. An Alternative Possibility for Reform: Reinstate Federal Liability under the TERA Provisions
AND
, would encourage tribes to enter into TERAs with the Secretary of Interior. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
CP Text: The United States federal government should enter into binding consultation with each Native American tribal government on should end Title V Section 3504 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 restrictions that require Secretary of the Interior approval for the production of wind and/or solar power in the United States for their area of jurisdiction. The tribal governments will be given prior veto power over the implementation of the plan. Genuine consultation is key to restore tribal sovereignty
Army Lawyer, 2001 (February 2001, “Environmental Law Division Notes: New Executive Order on Tribal Consultation,” Lexis, accessed July 6, 2009) When developing and implementing "policies that have tribal implications," n7 section 3 of
AND
for federal standards and alternatives that would preserve tribal authority and prerogatives. n9 Consultation key- not consulting turns paternalism Kronk 11
Elizabeth, Univ of Kansas School of Law, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1952000, mg Today, despite political acrimony on many domestic issues, both political parties and the
AND
solutions or TERA reforms that would likely lead to increased tribal interest. ¶ |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
Case
No DA
We recognize an ongoing genocide and war is occurring against Native peoples in the United States and that action should be taken to fix the problem. Fearing nuclear weapons is the only way to prevent nuclear omnicide.
Harvard Nuclear Study Group 83
(“Living With Nuclear Weapons,” p. 47)
The question is grisly, but nonetheless it must be asked. Nuclear war
AND
not understood or dangers not yet prevented because they have not been foreseen. Extinction outweighs
L Schwartz, medical ethicist, 2002, Medical ethics: a case based approach, www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf
Supporters of the sanctity of life ethic dismiss considerations about quality and quantity because,
AND
However, it will be necessary to justify any violation of this right. Democracy prevents biopolitics from escalating to genocide
Dickinson 2004 (Edward Ross, University of Cincinnati, “Biopolitics, Fascism, Democracy: Some Reflections on Our Discourse About ‘Modernity’”, Central European History, 37(1), p. 18-19) In an important programmatic statement of 1996 Geoff Eley celebrated the fact that Foucault’s ideas
AND
not develop the dynamic of constant radicalization and escalation that characterized Nazi policies.
Solvnecy
Aff can’t solve paternalism still TERA restrictions on oil and gas.
Review requirement doesn’t undermine tribal sovereignty and the aff doesn’t solve- still exists under NEPA
Fosland 2012
Benjamin J., Law Clerk to Chief Judge David W. Gratton, Idaho Court of Appeals, 2011–¶ 2012; J.D., cum laude, Gonzaga University School of Law, 2011; B.A., honors, University of ¶ Montana, 2008. “A CASE OF NOT-SO-FATAL FLAWS: ¶ RE-EVALUATING THE INDIAN TRIBAL ¶ ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND ¶ SELF-DETERMINATION ACT” Idaho Law Review, Vol. 48 ¶ p. 458- 460 2. Effects of Public Input Requirements on Tribal Decision Making¶ The required incorporation
AND
ITEDSA due to the required “noticeand-comment” periods is unconvincing. 1NC Self-determination
Aff doesn’t solve self-determination
Porter 98
Porter, Director – Tribal Law and Government Center @ U Kansas, ‘98¶ (Robert B., 31 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 899) Nevertheless, no matter how much responsibility we assume for the redevelopment of our sovereignty
AND
continue to erode, and with it, the existence of our nations.
1NC Energy Fails
Aff is a short-term fix – doesn’t solve sovereignty
Cornell and Kalt ‘6
Cornell – director of the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy AND Kalt – Ford Foundation Professor of International Political Economy (Cornell. Stephen. Joseph P.Kalt. “Two Approaches to Economic Development on American Indian Reservations: One Works, the Other Doesn’t.” http://jopna.net/pubs/jopna_2005-02_Approaches.pdf) That effort has taken a number of different forms over the years as the federal
AND
effective—if less dramatic— incremental building of a broadly based economy.
Costs and internal disagreements prevent wind development
Sullivan 10
Sullivan, JD Candidate – University of Arizona, ‘10¶ (Bethany, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823) The DOI's Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development (IEED) boasts current involvement
AND
creates formidable obstacles in the eyes of many tribes and potential business partners. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
CP
AT Permutation
Perm doesn’t solve the impact—the plan ensures private companies exploit indigenous communities
Awehali 6
(Brian, "# 25 Who Will Profit from Native Energy?," http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/25-who-will-profit-from-native-energy/) America’s native peoples may attain a modicum of energy independence and tribal sovereignty through the
AND
while doing little to address the very grave ecological realities we now face.
AT Counterplan = More Regs/TERA Key (Dreveskracht)
No link- The counterplan maintains TERA offering the same streamlined regulations that the evidence says is necessary
Top half of the evidence is irrelevant- assumes world where they don’t pursue TERA agreements
Only warrant is “Lack of experts means no approval”- Counterplan solves through the Public Law 638.
A. Your evidence assumes squo decision calculus- IE “have tribes shown that they meet expertise and responsibility”
B. Counterplan changes that decision calculus- World of the counterplan the secretary asks do I have positive evidence that they lack the expertise”. Royster evidence indicates that would overcome the major barriers and delay
AT Counterplan Undermines Sovereignty (Kronk)
The counterplan provides the perfect middle-ground between trust doctrine and tribal sovereignty- Kronk agrees
Kronk (1AC Author) 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)
*Above suggestion = AFF*
Should the above suggestion prove distasteful, a second recommendation for reforming the existing TERA
AND
, this second proposal would also constitute an improvement over the status quo. And concludes that the reforms are productive balance between the two
Kronk (1AC Author) 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811) The historical relationship between the federal government and tribes is replete with examples of abuse and exploitation. The TERA provisions represent a rare opportunity for both the federal government and tribes to benefit from partnering together. Yet, the TERA provisions in their current configuration fail to induce such a beneficial partnership. By adopting one of the proposed reforms, Congress would take a significant step toward building a productive relationship with Indian country.
The internal link to your colonialism link is the uptake of renewables not the process of the uptake
Your Gough evidence
Gough 9—Intertribal Council On Utility Policy; paper submitted by Honor the Earth, the Intertribal Council on Utility Policy, the Indigenous Environmental Network, and the International Indian Treaty Council (Bob, Energy Justice in Native America, A Policy Paper for Consideration by the Obama Administration and the 111th Congress, www.mynewsletterbuilder.com/email/newsletter/1409857447) GREEN ECONOMIES IN NATIVE COMMUNITIES: MASSIVE POTENTIAL, MAXIMUM IMPACT¶ Providing clean renewable
AND
incentives and assistance to actualize renewable energy development by tribes and Native organizations. And your LaDuke evidence is also about technology uptake- if we win our corporate takeover arguments it turns your internal link
LaDuke 7—executive director of both Honor the Earth and White Earth Land Recovery Project (Winona, Local Energy, Local Power, www.community-wealth.org/_pdfs/articles-publications/municipal/pdf) Alternative energy represents an amazing social and political reconstruction opportunity, one that has the
AND
Western Shoshone and Goshute communities. Native communities are ready for a change.
Same with the Powell evidence
Powell 6—Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Appalachian State (Dana, Technologies of Existence: The indigenous environmental justice movement, www.cfeps.org/ss2008/ss08r/harcourt/harcourt3_powell.pdf) These emerging practices of a social¶ movement-driven development agenda draw our¶
AND
which cuts across¶ reductive interpretations of economy, ecology,¶ and culture. A federal trust doctrine based on protecting Native resources prevents Native extinction.
Wood, ’94 (Oregon Assistant Law Professor, 1994 Utah L. Rev. 1471) Since first entering into treaties with the United States, native nations have waged a
AND
majority society to refrain from taking actions injurious to native lands and resources.
This trust relationship shouldn’t be confused with colonialism – it is necessary to prevent exploitation of Native America.
Clinton, '93 (Former Iowa Law Prof -- Go Hawks!, 46 Ark. L. Rev. 77) Given the chameleon-like nature of and complex roles played by the federal trusteeship
AND
Indian affairs, should escape the scalpel of decolonization of federal Indian law.
Weakened environmental review causes exploitation by companies interested in profiting from native renewable resources
Land Letter, 5
(New federal law encourages tapping of Indian resources, 12/1, Lexis)¶ April Reese, Land Letter Southwest reporter A set of provisions in the new federal energy law aimed at making it easier
AND
Southwest reporter April Reese is based in Santa Fe, N.M.
AT Liability X Sovereignty (Unger)
Counterplan is sufficient in promoting tribal sovereignty- offers the ability to determine renewable energy projects, undertake those projects, and determine the criterion for acceptability of environmental review.
Aff must be held to a high standard- we are reading their evidence to show that the counterplan is sufficient in promoting a form of sovereignty which addresses the impact.
They must present evidence that the functional difference between the sovereignty promoted by the plan and counterplan is distinct enough to trigger the impact.
If a small distinction in tribal sovereignty dooms the CP it dooms the aff too- they leave multiple points of federal control within TERA in place
Royster, Co-Director – Native American Law Center @ University of Tulsa, ‘8
(Judith V., 12 Lewis and Clark L. Rev. 1065) The first concern is the limitation on the resources to which ITEDSA applies. Enacted
AND
ensure that tribes could address all their mineral resources in the same manner. Unger concludes that the existing TERA framework is sufficient in instituting tribal sovereignty- from the conclusion section
Unger 10—J.D. Candidate, Loyola Law School. M.A., Linguistic Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin (Kathleen, CHANGE IS IN THE WIND: SELF-DETERMINATION AND WIND POWER THROUGH TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS, http://www.tribesandclimatechange.org/docs/tribes_24.pdf) In addition, a wind power TERA provides an opportunity for ¶ tribes to have
AND
can be seen as harmonizing the trust obligation with that present ¶ reality.
Counterplan solves the parts of TERA that hurt self determination according to your author
counterplan states “Allow identification and incorporation of environmental mitigation measures at the discretion of individuals entering into Tribal Energy Resource Agreements” meaning they get to make the determination of what is environmentally acceptable
Unger 10—J.D. Candidate, Loyola Law School. M.A., Linguistic Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin (Kathleen, CHANGE IS IN THE WIND: SELF-DETERMINATION AND WIND POWER THROUGH TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS, http://www.tribesandclimatechange.org/docs/tribes_24.pdf) Second, the environmental review requirements in the Indian ¶ Energy Act should be revised
AND
than specifying¶ the form of that review, as it presently does.
Federal liability solves – Jumpstarts renewable development
Castro 12 (Scott N, partner in JMBM’s Government, Land Use, Environment and Energy practice group. He has extensive experience working with the Department of Interior and other federal and state agencies on renewable energy, mining and minerals, and related issues, and has expertise in a broad array of federal, state and local land use and environmental regulations. He has worked with various tribes, the Bureau of Indian affairs and other governmental agencies on fee-to-trust land transfers, tribal ordinances, municipal services agreements, cultural resource assessments and protection, and related matters, "RENEWABLE ENERGY UPDATE: Proposed Regulatory Changes For Tribal Leases Provide Promise for Solar and Wind Projects," http://www.jmbm.com/docs/proposed_regulatory_changes.pdf) The proposed rulemaking is notable given the failure of provisions in the Energy Policy Act
AND
tribal lands for feasibility studies, pre-construction, and installation activities.
Federal liability is the only way to guarantee checks on exploitative corporate power
Reese 5 (April, "ENERGY POLICY: New federal law encourages tapping of Indian resources," Lexis) Supporters of the measure, which was proposed by members of the Council of Energy
AND
Southwest reporter April Reese is based in Santa Fe, N.M.
Environmental Review DA
Removing environmental review allows tribal governments to pursue projects against the will of the people---turns sovereignty
Wood, 94
(Assistant Professor of Law, University of Oregon, “Indian Land and the Promise of Native Sovereignty: The Trust Doctrine Revisited,” 1994 Utah L. Rev. 1471) More often, however, the complaint is simply that many IRA tribal councils cater
AND
, and there are compelling reasons for not considering it as such today. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
Case
2NC Self-Determination
IRA
Porter 98
(Robert B, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Tribal Law and Government Center, University of Kansas; Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the Sac and Fox Nation of Kansas and Missouri; Member (Heron Clan) and former Attorney General of the Seneca Nation of Indians, Summer publication, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 31 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 899 “A Proposal to the Hanodaganyas to Decolonize Federal Indian Control Law”) If self-determination means anything, it means that the Indian nations do not
AND
the Administration to recognize whatever form of government an Indigenous people may choose. Other colonial laws
Porter 98
(Robert B, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Tribal Law and Government Center, University of Kansas; Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the Sac and Fox Nation of Kansas and Missouri; Member (Heron Clan) and former Attorney General of the Seneca Nation of Indians, Summer publication, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 31 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 899 “A Proposal to the Hanodaganyas to Decolonize Federal Indian Control Law”) As a practical matter, then, Congress should simply repeal a number of its
AND
able to assume responsibilities previously exercised by the federal government or the states.
1NC Renewables
Renewable development on Indian lands pits tribes against each other, causes infighting
Binkly 09
Gail, http://www.hcn.org/issues/41.7/coming-to-blows, mg Long ago, the Navajos called Gray Mountain the "Mountain of Hope" for
AND
open a business," he says. "All this doesn't help." ¶ Renewables are fast tracked with little deference given to the native lands they would be on
KPBS San Diego 12 (Staffwriter Jill Replogle “Tribe Seeks Injunction to Stop Desert Wind Project” http://www.kpbs.org/news/2012/may/16/tribe-seeks-injunction-stop-desert-wind-project/) Last week, the tribes hired a team of forensic dog handlers to sniff for
AND
and will help diversify this country’s energy portfolio in an environmentally responsible manner." They damage sacred sites
Today Media Network 12 (Indian Country, TodayMediaNetwork.Com, staffwriter Gale Courey Toensing, June 23 2012, Quechan Tribe Sues to Halt Construction of Wind Factory on Sacred Land http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/06/23/quechan-tribe-sues-to-halt-construction-of-wind-factory-on-sacred-land-119945 http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/06/23/quechan-tribe-sues-to-halt-construction-of-wind-factory-on-sacred-land-119945#ixzz26eIoUemU) The Interior Department’s Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has the following warning on
AND
have already been proposed in San Diego County and the adjacent Imperial County.
Calculation Good
REFUSING TO CALCULATE MASKS TOTALITARIAN CALCULATIONS
David, Campbell, Professor of International Politics, University of Newcastle, MORAL SPACES, ed. Michael J. Shapiro, p. 45-7 That undecidability resides within the decision, Derrida argues. "that justice exceeds law
AND
distinction between national and international, public and private, and so on."
Evaluate Consequences
Evaluate consequences
Weiss, Prof Poli Sci – CUNY Grad Center, ‘99
(Thomas G, “Principles, Politics, and Humanitarian Action,” Ethics and International Affairs 13.1) Scholars and practitioners frequently employ the term “dilemma” to describe painful decision making
AND
of a bevy of humanitarian actors flitting from one emergency to the next. A2: Positive Peace
Focus on large scale violence key Goldstein ‘01
Joshua Goldstein, Int’l Rel Prof @ American U, 2001, War and Gender, p. 412 First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working
AND
on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. War Turns K Impacts
War causes their impacts, not the other way around
Goldstein 2
Joshua S., Professor Emeritus of International Relations, American University (Washington, DC) Research Scholar, University of Massachusetts and Nonresident Sadat Senior Fellow, CIDCM, University of Maryland War and Gender , P. 412 2k2 First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working
AND
on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. Util
All lives are infinitely valuable, the only ethical option is to maximize the number saved Cummisky, 96
(David, professor of philosophy at Bates, Kantian Consequentialism, p. 131) Finally, even if one grants that saving two persons with dignity cannot outweigh and
AND
conclusion that the more persons with dignity who are saved, the better.* Extinction outweighs ontology
Joseph S. Nye, Jr., professor of government at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, former chair of the National Security Council Group on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1986, Nuclear Ethics, p. 65 The equal access approach assumes that each generation would wish to make the tradeoffs for
AND
generation. It is not a cause of injustice to a future generation.
Even if our impacts are extremely unlikely they still outweigh—it’s more devastating than repetitive systemic harm
Sunstein 2007 – Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, clerked for Justice Marshall in the Supreme Court (Cass, Harvard University Press, “Worst-case scenarios”, pages 138-9) A Catastrophic Harm Precautionary Principle, of the modest kind just sketched, raises several
AND
than 100,000 times the cost of losing 2,000 people.
The same point holds when the numbers are smaller. Following the collapse of a
AND
specifically to "the loss of traditional bonds of kinship and neighborliness."42
Genuine catastrophes, involving tens of thousands or millions of deaths, would magnify that
AND
, and many thousands of additional deaths from the Afghanistan and Iraq wars.
We might therefore identify a second version of the Catastrophic Harm Precautionary Principle, also
AND
the expected value of the risk with the expected value of precautionary measures. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge:
Politics Generic
Evaluating political costs and understanding tradeoffs key to prevent genocide
Lanz 8
(David, Mediation Support Project for Swisspeace, “Conflict Management and Opportunity Cost: the International Response to the Darfur Crisis”) There are no simple solutions for the contradictions outlined above – they represent complicated dilemmas
AND
it would certainly improve our ability to manage conflicts in Darfur and elsewhere. You should evaluate our politics DA. Their dogmatic refusal to consider political process implications is grounded in the same destructive blindness the aff criticizes.
David Chandler, Centre for the Study of Democracy - University of Westminster, ‘3
(British Journal of Politics and International Relations 5.3, “Rhetoric without responsibility”) The attention to the articulation of a political mission, beyond the petty partisanship of
AND
western governments, under pressure to consolidate their standing and authority at home. Ignoring political tradeoffs is totalitarian
Dean Richard Villa, Political Theory – UC Santa Barbara, ‘96
(Arendt and Heidegger: The Fate of the Political, p. 246-7)
Arendt appropriates Heidegger’s genealogy of the technical sense of action in order to highlight the
AND
the idea or ideal of just being-together” is accomplished.27
So long as political philosophy sees its task as the articulation of first principles with
AND
by its ability to represent violence and coercive power as “right.”29
Arendt’s theory of nonsovereign, agonistic action smashes this figure, breaking the circuit of
AND
consequences of the tradition’s conflation of artistic and political categories into sharp relief.
The teleocratic concept of action may be seen as the primary and most enduring expression of this conflation. With the collapse of transcendental grounds for the political, the logic of correspondence and justification built into this concept turns inward. The result is that the fashioning or “fictioning” of the community in conformity with an ideal of Justice is transformed into an exercise in self-production.33 And with this transformation, the threshold of modernity is traced.
We can see this transformation at work in the emergence of the Hobbesian problematic:
AND
escape this paradox by radicalizing it. Instituting what Jean-Luc nancy has
called an “immanentist” logic of communal self-formation, romanticism elides the
AND
beings becomes “in essence to produce their own essence as community.”38
With this move, a peculiarly modern version of the traditional conflation of art and
AND
, in other words, that is not a political community at all.
2NC Uniqueness
Immigration passes- Washington Times 3-28 says labor and business nearly have a deal on low-skilled and that the Gang of eight is nearly done. More Reasons it passes: A Obama pushing but passage isn’t guaranteed
CT POST 3/28/13 Connecticut Post http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Immigration-reform-gaining-support-in-Congress-4393187.php A Republican Party in desperate search for relevance to Latino voters. An expanded Democratic
AND
necessary to pass a reform bill.¶ Still, it won't be easy.
A Last Time
Khimm 3-19
Suzy is a Budget and Economy reporter for the Washington Post, “Five Reasons Why Immigration Reform is Moving Forward,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/19/five-reasons-why-immigration-reform-is-moving-forward/ We’ve been through this before. The 2006-07 immigration reform talks fell apart
AND
, major piece of social change is a long process,” Giovagnoli concludes.
B Interests
Khimm 3-19
Suzy is a Budget and Economy reporter for the Washington Post, “Five Reasons Why Immigration Reform is Moving Forward,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/19/five-reasons-why-immigration-reform-is-moving-forward/ 4) Powerful interest groups are trying to help the process along. The labor
AND
don’t like what this says about the country,’” says Giovagnoli.
C Vote Count
Simendinger 3-26
Alexis Covers the White House for Real Clear Politics, “Obama Expects April Senate Debate on Immigration,” http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/03/26/obama_expects_april_senate_debate_on_immigration_117644.html “We haven’t set a firm date,” Celcia Muñoz, the director of the
AND
Democrats, 45 Republicans, and two independents who vote with the majority. A2: Temporary Workers
Deal on temporary workers
LA Times 3-30
“Labor and Business Leaders Clear Hurdle in Immigration Talks,” http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-illegal-immigration-workers-20130329,0,1275171.story Labor and business leaders have agreed to a plan for setting wages for low-
AND
the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, said in a statement. Temporary worker deal will happen
Johnson 3-25
Fawn is a Correspondent for National Journal, “Why the Fight Over Work Visas Won’t Doom the Immigration Bill,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/congress/why-the-fight-over-work-visas-won-t-doom-the-immigration-bill-20130325 Make no mistake. The immigration bill being crafted by the “Gang of Eight
AND
in mid-April. Maybe the sun will be out by then. Bill passes without temporary workers
ABC 3-28
“What Happens if Immigration Reform Ignores Workers,” http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/immigration-reform-ignores-future-workers/story?id=18831219#.UVR7DBzqmz4 A group of Democrats and Republicans in the Senate have run into trouble creating a
AND
skilled workers "is arguably really not necessary to be in the package."¶ Native Review 2NC
Plan generates a backlash from environmentalists who want some federal oversight that’s 1NC Kronk. NEPA is the THIRD RAIL for ECO-GROUPS
Carver 12
http://www.theunderdome.net/site-map/territory/network/expanded-infrastructures
Erik Carver is an architectural designer and artist based in New York City. He has worked individually on residential and institutional design, co-founded collaborative groups—Advanced Architecture, common room, and Seru. He teaches at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Erik received a Masters of Architecture from Princeton University and a bachelor’s degree from University of California San Diego. Government projects must go through a process of public review under the 1969 National Environmental
AND
You cannot. It is a sacred cow. You can't touch it. NEPA uniquely key to eco-lobby
Katz and Manson 12
http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2012/EnvironmentalConservation/Chapter5-The-National-Environmental-Policy-Act.pdf
Heritage Foundation analysts Since its passage in 1969, NEPA has remained largely unaltered despite dramatic changes in
AND
means of obstructing transportation, energy, and natural resource projects they oppose. NEPA dereg sparks backlash and doesn’t get support
Holder 7
Environmental Assessment:
Law, Policy and Custom (Google eBook)
Jane Holder is Reader in Environmental Law at the Faculty of Laws, UCL. She
obtained a PhD from Warwick University on the subject of environmental
assessment and has taught environmental law and policy at UCL since 1992. Her
research interests focus upon environmental assessment, commons and
environmental protection and landscape issues. She has recently published
Environmental Assessment: The Regulation of Decision Making (Oxford
University Press, 2004) and Environmental Protection, Law and Policy
(Cambridge University Press, 2007, with Maria Lee). Jane is a member of the
Centre for Law and the Environment and the Centre for European Law and
Governance, both at the Faculty of Laws, UCL. Karkkainen provides a number of helpful lenses through which debates about the value of NEPA's impact assessment provisions can be looked at, and concludes his chapter with an assessment of proposed deregulatory reforms to streamline NEPA, both on cost grounds and to counteract its use as a delaying tactic. These general reform proposals have been attacked by the environmental lobby and have as yet failed to command legislative support.18 Environmentalists will abandon Obama if he de-Nepas
Rocky Flats 12
http://blog.rockyflatsfacts.com/?p=661
I began this blog and associated website to share a book about the Rocky Flats
AND
our neighbors were reading and watching stories that gave a very different impression. Federal law requires that government projects be subjected to detailed environmental impact studies under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). NEPA approval was given to Keystone XL after three years of study found the project would not have an adverse environmental impact. However, the powerful Environmental lobby hates the idea of the project and threatened to not support the Obama reelection campaign if he approved the project.
NEPA Dereg
The included the environmental review to maintain at least NEPA levels- many in congress were worried about
Anderson 05
Scot W., Davis Graham and Stubbs LLP. “THE INDIAN TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND ¶ SELF-DETERMINATION ACT OF 2005: ¶ OPPORTUNITIES FOR COOPERATIVE VENTURES” Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Institute ¶ Special Institute: Natural Resource Development in Indian Country. http://www.dgslaw.com/images/materials/670412.pdf Environmental Review by TERA Tribes¶ Some environmental groups have expressed concern that the TERA
AND
, Congress added a tribal environmental review process ¶ to the TERA.¶ 38 A2: Hirsh- PC Not Key
Hirsh admits it’s not meaningless
Hirsh 2-7
Michael is the Chief Correspondent at National Journal, “There’s no Such Thing as Political Capital,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207 The point is not that “political capital” is a meaningless term. Often
AND
that matters, if you have popularity and some momentum on your side.” Call it PC or picking the right issues- Hirsch admits picking the wrong issue can cost you- FDR proves
Hirsh 2-7
Michael is the Chief Correspondent at National Journal, “There’s no Such Thing as Political Capital,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207 Weighing the imponderables of momentum, the often-mystical calculations about when the historic
AND
didn’t fully recover until World War II, despite two more election victories. Has PC
Obama has capital default to issue specific uniqueness. Has influence- charm offensive
NCR 3-26
“Is the Obama Charm Offensive with Congress Working?” http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/obama-charm-offensive-congress-working President Barack Obama has wined and dined Republicans at the White House and has gone
AND
one, already detect a slight change in tone that is certainly welcome. War Turns War Turns Oppression Joshua S. Goldstein 2002. Professor Emeritus of International Relations, American University (Washington, DC) Research Scholar, University of Massachusetts and Nonresident Sadat Senior Fellow, CIDCM, University of Maryland, War and Gender , P. 412
First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working
AND
on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. Key to women’s rights
Immigration key to women’s rights
LJ World 3-27
Lawrence Journal World, “Sandra Fluke Says Immigration Reform Crucial to Women’s Movement,” http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2013/mar/27/sandra-fluke-says-immigration-reform-crucial-women/ Sandra Fluke took a different-than-expected tack in her speech at Kansas
AND
said, “to make women’s history for the next women’s history month.”
Heg Is Awesome War is at its lowest level in history because of US primacy---best statistical studies prove Owen 11
John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard "DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONY" Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/
Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated
AND
if all is going to be well, what need then for us?
Our colleagues at Simon Fraser University are brave indeed. That may sound like a
AND
academic debates, this might get mildly theoretical and even more mildly methodological.
Concerning international wars, one version of the “nuclear-peace” theory is not in fact laid to rest by the data. It is certainly true that nuclear-armed states have been involved in many wars. They have even been attacked (think of Israel), which falsifies the simple claim of “assured destruction”—that any nuclear country A will deter any kind of attack by any country B because B fears a retaliatory nuclear strike from A.
But the most important “nuclear-peace” claim has been about mutually assured
AND
that states with a second-strike capability will not fight one another.
Their colossal atomic arsenals neither kept the United States at peace with North Vietnam during
AND
War III, and little about the wisdom of banning the Bomb now.
Regarding the downward trend in international war, Professor Mack is friendlier to more palatable
AND
superpower support for rival rebel factions in so many Third-World countries).
These are all plausible mechanisms for peace. What is more, none of them
AND
and whether both might support international cooperation, including to end civil wars.
We would still need to explain how this charmed circle of causes got started, however. And here let me raise another factor, perhaps even less appealing than the “nuclear peace” thesis, at least outside of the United States. That factor is what international relations scholars call hegemony—specifically American hegemony.
A theory that many regard as discredited, but that refuses to go away,
AND
been good for the world that the United States has been so predominant.
There is no obvious reason why hegemonic stability theory could not apply to other areas of international cooperation, including in security affairs, human rights, international law, peacekeeping (UN or otherwise), and so on. What I want to suggest here—suggest, not test—is that American hegemony might just be a deep cause of the steady decline of political deaths in the world.
How could that be? After all, the report states that United States is the third most war-prone country since 1945. Many of the deaths depicted in Figure 10.4 were in wars that involved the United States (the Vietnam War being the leading one). Notwithstanding politicians’ claims to the contrary, a candid look at U.S. foreign policy reveals that the country is as ruthlessly self-interested as any other great power in history.
The answer is that U.S. hegemony might just be a deeper cause
AND
War most of its allies accepted some degree of market-driven growth.
Second, the U.S.-led western victory in the Cold War damaged
AND
in part by the emergence of the United States as the global hegemon.
The same case can be made, with somewhat more difficulty, concerning the spread
AND
U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong. Hegemony key to global peace and solving great power wars Barnett 11
Thomas P.M. Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads
It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of
AND
the status quo power, we remain the world's most vigorously revisionist force.
As for the sheer "evil" that is our military-industrial complex,
AND
in all of its forms, deeply embedded in the geometry to come.
To continue the historical survey, after salvaging Western Europe from its half-century of civil war, the U.S. emerged as the progenitor of a new, far more just form of globalization -- one based on actual free trade rather than colonialism. America then successfully replicated globalization further in East Asia over the second half of the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding. American hegemony key to the current international order Kagan 12
(Mr. Kagan is a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution, “Why the World Needs America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213262856669448.html#printMode, SEH) History shows that world orders, including our own, are transient. They rise
AND
what the world looked like right before the American order came into being. Renewables
More High Skilled immigrants key to renewables
Herman and Smith in ‘10 Richard T. Herman is the founder of Richard T. Herman and Associates, an immigration and business law firm in Cleveland, Ohio which serves a global clientele in over 10 languages. He is the co-founder of a chapter of TiE, a global network of entrepreneurs started in 1992 in Silicon Valley, and Robert L. Smith is a veteran journalist who covers international cultures and immigration issues for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Ohio’s largest newspaper. “Why Immigrants Can Drive the Green Economy”. June 2010. http://immigrationpolicy.org/perspectives/why-immigrants-can-drive-green-economy Yet, the connection between immigration and the development and commercialization of alternative energy technology
AND
that the current system is broken, and that action is required now. |
