General Actions:
General Actions:
Engler-McCoy Neg
Last modified by Christopher Mair on 2013/03/31 15:01
Cites
| # | Date | Entry |
|---|---|---|
| 11/09/2012 | Neolib KTournament: Harvard | Round: 8 | Opponent: | Judge: From an environmental perspective, this The alternative is to reject the aff to embrace a communal relationship to energy. The known effects of | |
| 11/09/2012 | Fiscal CliffTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Obama will solve fiscal cliff in the lame duck Betting on Congress to do something - anything - is, as Plan kills Obama With less than a year to go until he That’s key to compromise—impact is ME war Despite warnings of That goes nuclear Strategic stability in the | |
| 11/09/2012 | SEP CPTournament: Harvard | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Penalties determine regulatory compliance—restrictions are irrelevant if penalties are marginal Effective enforcement is key to ensuring The CP’s SEP penalty is just that—it causes the same industry response as the aff, without lifting the restriction The previous analysis illustrates Independently, establishing SEP penalties solves inevitable environmental crisis Such a dynamic has | |
| 11/09/2012 | Scenario Planning KTournament: Harvard | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: THINKING THE (NOT) UNTHINKABLE: Simulation through scenario planning legitimizes permanent global war Meanwhile, within the US, dozens of turn capitalizes on playtime for institutional ends*124 Our alternative is to reject the aff’s energy scenario planning simulation. The alternative opens up political space for non-preemptive methods of relating to forecasting. Giving substance to the abject | |
| 11/09/2012 | States CPTournament: Harvard | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: That solves | |
| 01/24/2013 | Pitt Round Robin - Neg Round ReportsTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1NC On Case Args: 2NC Extended Args: New 2NC Impacts or Args: 1NR Args: 2NR Strat: Round 6: Vs. Wake, with David Heidt as the Judge Round 7: Vs. Texas GM, with Ricky Garner as the Judge | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2- T: Direct SolarTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: Vote negative—the aff is thermal energy which is a distinct field—explodes the research burden and doesn’t link to topic generics which crushes neg ground. | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: T: Restrictions Must Mandate a Decrease in Production 1NC/2NCTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: The plan changes how energy is produced, rather than restricting how much is produced Vote negative— limits FERS began with the recognition that federal energy policy must result from concerted efforts in precision 2NC OTECA authorized OTEC OTECA distinguishes regulations from regulations or conditions at: ci—qualification HN3A title insurance policy "is subject to the same rules of construction as are other insurance policies." Sandler v. N.J. Realty Title Ins. Co., supra, at *11 p. 479. It is within these rules of construction that this policy must be construed. Anell defines ‘restriction on production’—they don’t—key to predictability HN4 In ascertaining the meaning of the word "restrictions" as here employed, AT: Aff Flex Finally, administering energy regulations proved a costly and cumbersome endeavor, exacting a All energy regulation is too big – it’s torture Reasonability | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: SEP CP 1NC/2NCTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The United States Federal Government should establish that the penalty for violating restrictions on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in the United States is entry into a Supplemental Environmental Project. Implementation of the Supplemental Environmental Program should nullify additional legal penalties from the violating action, and any conflicting federal laws and regulations should be modified to provide a narrow exemption for the above penalty. CP causes the same industry response as the aff, without lifting the restriction The previous analysis illustrates that the inclusion of SEPs in an enforcement regime may lead SEPs solve endocrine disrupters The broader use of SEPs would be an important step toward wiser waste management practices Extinction It sounds like second-rate science fiction, dredged from the wilder shores of Environment Net Benefit Such a dynamic has been developing through EPA's employment of SEPs as well. While CP establishes opportunity cost – it would be preferable to retain the penalty and establish SEPA settlements with violators, than do the aff. Funding the net-benefit externally isn’t relevant to comparing the plan and counterplan—contextual evidence making this cost-benefit calculation proves: In SEP programs, the government, in effect, subsidizes environmental good works through | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: Warming Defense 1NC/2NCTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge:
No impact – consensus A recent survey of American Meteorological Society members shows meteorologists are skeptical that humans are No oceans impact Since the publication of two reports in 2005–2006 1, 2 China outweighs and won’t be influenced by the plan Birol also warned that China – the world's biggest emitter – would have to take CO2 isn’t key ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Richard Lindzen, Natural variability explains warming trends In a game-changing paper published in the online version of Nature Climate Change Especially solar system dynamics On secular, millenarian and larger time scales astronomical oscillations and solar changes drive climate Negative feedbacks stop runaway warming According to Lindzen and Choi, all 11 models employed in the IPCC‘s Alt cause—deforestation The authors write that "deforestation exerts a number of regional and local climate effects Warming is slow—land use and industrialization explain their data AND are alt causes Numerous studies have shown that land-use change, such as urbanization, removal Warming locked in—current construction and no international deal means it will be runaway The world is likely to build so many fossil-fuelled power stations, energy James Hansen and other prominent climatolo 2nc no extinction Warming won’t cause extinction First, climate change does not threaten the survival of the human species.5 Experts agree His views deviate sharply from those of most experts, who don't view climate change 1nc at: ocean acid No ocean acidification impact---CO2’s impact is positive on most marine life | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: Colonization Defense 1NC/2NCTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: A) Extinction Unlikely – Only Humans can cause extinction Short-term existential risks outweigh and turn the aff – they destroy our ability to colonize space The fact that the universe will remain habitable for much longer than Earth will means All previous human spaceflight is insignificant – long term colonization is still infeasible. Although microbial life might survive the extreme conditions of space, for Homo sapien sapiens Food shortage doesn’t cause war – best studies The question of resource scarcity has led to many debates on whether scarcity (whether No water wars No evidence of coming ‘water wars’ Environment is improving - more growth is key Climate alarmists and campaigning environmentalists argue that the industrialized countries of the world have made 2NC Not Feasible Can Space Colonization Guarantee Human Survival? Many people have argued that as long as The tech won’t exist within any reasonable timeframe – too many problems. What do the prospects of colonies or bases on the moon and Mars offer? Asteroids F/L No chance of an impact The smallest falling bodies, those with diameters under a few meters, are of No impact and empirically denied “Killer” solar flares have been observed on other stars. In 2006, Early warning solves Both NASA and the National Weather Service’s Space Weather Prediction Center monitor solar activity and issue warnings when CMEs and other alterations in the solar wind occur. The SWPC’s current 3-day forecast predicts no storms over the weekend, despite this new enormous sunspot. The pattern continues today. Economist Dennis Avery explained in 1995 that, food production Zero risk of starvation Food is abundant. Since 1948, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization AT Opop No impact to opop The world population is not exploding out of control. In fact, it is | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: CIR DA 1NCTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: off Immigration reform passes now but it can be derailed. The stars seem to be aligning for immigration reform. The election of 2012 scared Plan derails it There are three factors that currently constrain us from using ocean energy to meet our That kills Obama’s immigration push At a news conference where TV cameras in the back were nearly stacked on top Immigration reform necessary to sustain the economy and hegemony The main difference between now and 2007 is that today the role of immigrants and American power solves nuclear war and dampens all conflict Let me be more blunt: As the guardian of globalization, the U. | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: Russian Oil DA 1NC/1NRTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: Oil prices stable over $100 – key to Russian stability Judah, like many Russia watchers, highlights the oil price trap as a potential The plan stops that The United States should aggressively expand domestic oil production to strengthen the economy and improve Causes complete Russian collapse It began with a roar and it ended with a whimper. As 2012 wound Causes extinction The preceding chapters have illustrated the ways in which Russia’s decline affects that country and O/V Since the end of the Cold War, many have acted as though the danger Impact is immediate “The Russian economy has recovered from the 2008-09 crisis and is now Which means can’t concede solvency defense to take out the link because it’s perceptual Still government policies can help lower gas prices today. Democrats and even some conservatives DA turns the case Nuclear winter Nuclear winter and extinction would occur – analogs prove—winter also blocks out the sun which would shut down the colony. Err affirmative – cities have grown – means studies from the 80s understate the impact Their evidence is politically motivated They don’t account for longer anomalies However, indirect effects on surface land temperatures, precipitation rates, and growing season AT Declining now Tax relief coming next month – enables Russian drilling and exports The U.S. and Saudi Arabia are approaching Russia as the world’s leading Tech advances increased drilling – high oil prices are key Fracking isn’t just for shale. In Russia, producers are importing techniques from the Production up and tax breaks coming TNK-BP explained to RBTH that it hires oil service companies to assist in Uniqueness Urals crude could average at $105/barrel in 2013 - Klepach The Russian Slight declines will still keep it at $100 The Economic Development Ministry expects the price of Brent oil to ease but remain above econ uniqueness $100 key to resource rents and buying off opposition—that’s Adomanis—even if there’s inflation, Putin can buy off opposition which solves the backlash Their ev says the economy is running above capacity AT econ resilient $100 key to maintain GDP growth trend Balanced budget based on $100 mark Russian federal budget gambles on oil price stability. The Russian federal budget for 2012 A decline past $100 destroys Russia’s economy—even if oil has bad effects, decline in prices is worse AN ECONOMY LIFTED AND LET BY THE TIDE OF OIL The Russian economy’s very close AT econ resilient Investments are the only driver this year – oil is key No alt causes During his first go-round as president, Putin spoke repeatedly of a need | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: A2 Iraq FederalismTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: It is abundantly clear that major outside powers like Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey No escalation Without the US presence, a second argument goes, nothing would prevent Sunni- | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Round 2: Solvency v. OTECTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: Solvency OTEC too expensive and only has 3% efficiency Tech and feasibility issues Geothermal energy refers to the heat generated within the Earth. This heat manifests itself Gets wrecked by natural disasters Moreover, OTEC is highly vulnerable to the elements in the marine environment. Big Doesn’t produce enough energy Given all the fantastic promise OTEC presents, the amount of useful energy that can | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Round 4: 1NCTournament: NDT | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
2. “USFG should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means B. They claim to win the debate for reasons other than the desirability of topical action C. You should vote negative: Debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims, which destroys the decision-making benefits of the activity Debate is a means of settling differences, so there … provided by focus on a particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion. Decisionmaking is the most portable skill—key to all facets of life and advocacy After several days of intense debate, first the United States … for out product, or a vote for our favored political candidate. Preparation and clash: Changing the question now leaves one side unprepared, resulting in shallow, uneducational debate. Requiring debate on a communal topic forces argument development and develops persuasive skills. Decisionmaking skills and engagement with the state energy apparatus prevents energy technocracy and actualizes radical politics During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to overcome its … politics in modern technological society.61 Only tying their approach to meaningful political action produces progressive politics for Native communities Even more critical is Deloria's position in the essay "Intellectual Self Determination and Sovereignty," … and on which I will comment more extensively in the next chapter. OFF Nancy Pfund: Well I think that it already has shifted. I think that a lot of the … a customer very interested in taking control of their energy usage and billing so you have a good customer relationship already. Nuclear trades off with smart grid venture capital—that collapses the industry Global experience of nuclear construction shows a tendency …financial viability of the energy sector for at least a generation. Solves warming The natural environment is by far the most important resource … are far greater as the demand for electricity increases. Extinction In the Online Journal of Space Communication, Dr. Feng Hsu, a NASA scientist at …and re-supply, the most obvious source of which is the mighty energy resource of our Sun” (Hsu 2010) (Fig. 2.1). OFF Tyler and I affirm the United States federal government should: :substantially increase funding for decentralized and tribally-owned coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power and wind energy production. Funding and training should be directed to tribal colleges and be made available to all residents of Indian country that wish to undertake solar and wind energy projects. The United States federal government should offer to provide financial backing to proposed projects that are exclusively owned by tribal residents.
Building tribal capacity solves CURWOOD: When it comes to U.S. energy policy and Native Americans, …rivers, our lakes, our mountains, because the next economy will not require their consumption. Weakened environmental review only causes exploitation by companies interested in profiting from native renewable resources April Reese, Land Letter Southwest reporter A set of provisions in … ahead of us," Lester said. Southwest reporter April Reese is based in Santa Fe, N.M. Removing environmental review allows tribal governments to pursue projects against the will of the people---turns sovereignty More often, however, the complaint is simply that many IRA …. compelling reasons for not considering it as such today. OFF The CP doesn’t remove TERA’s nuclear restrictions— Inclusion of nuclear turns the case. The plight of "downwinders" in southern Utah, the use of soldiers in nuclear … activity of siting nuclear waste repositories.11 Uranium mining, nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear waste dumps are not the … and Arizona, and the Mojave Desert in California, Nevada, and Arizona.17 SOLVENCY Utility before ethics Weber emphasised that, while the 'absolute ethic of the gospel' must be …, that the impossibility of the logic underlying this doctrine 'leads to the negation of absolute ethical judgements altogether'.13 Removing TERA fails—reverts back to old process The Committee on Indian Affairs has been informed over the year … to tribes as related to TERAs. Specifically, the Act states: Repealing TERA still triggers NEPA reviews In order to appreciate the changes generated by the … of the Interior must abide by the environmental impact provisions outlined in NEPA by preparing an EIS. Aff is completely insufficient Nevertheless, no matter how much responsibility we assume …that our distinct native identity will continue to erode, and with it, the existence of our nations. They don’t solve—broad changes of legislative intent, not removal of specific restrictions are key to reversing paternalism *367 Third, the sections of the legislation and regulations … of self-determination. n275 ADV 1 Integrating native epistemology into economic development is counter-productive—appropriates native knowledge As a result of the failure of formal top‐down development, there has … heal the breaches of knowledge These arguments can be brought to the discussion of indigenous knowledges in development studies. Turns paternalism—the plan recognizes native autonomy as a means to cement US legitimacy—that they only recognize autonomy for the production of Western-renewable energy projects is telling At the very least the controversy demonstrates that indigenous ownership and its … because of the history of imperial relations with indigenous people in North America. ADV 2 TD: I tried to make the heterogeneity of opinion about Freuds death drive theory work on a …in the sand, we must confront the basic facts and rewrite the history of psychoanalysis anew. The death drive’s a useless label Freud introduces the death drive in order to explain all … do they keep collapsing into one another? Their account of violence is super reductive and can’t be solved The notion of the death drive is on the one hand too wide, explaining …the death drive as an unhelpful speculation are justified in their criticism. | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Round 4: 2NCTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: While there may be many possible solutions to the … continued the exploitation of Indian lands in an uninterrupted conquest. Specifically environmental impact statements can allow native sovereignty and serve as a site of resistance Chapter 5 takes a detailed look at public representations of Native …providing space for different articulations of indigeneity, colonialism, and the value of nonhumans. Only the counterplan solves the radicalism of energy—their author Alternative energy represents an amazing social and political … the definition¶ of democracy—and an appreciation for where we are and where we need to go. AT: CP DOESN’T SOLVE – MORAL STANCE If we win our CP solves, it access all of their moral framework. That means you default to cost-benefit analysis—even prominent deontologists concede this CORPORATE COLONIALISM 2NC The plan is pro-business—not pro-native---it abrogates the trust doctrine and lets corporations turn Indian country into an energy plantation that fuels US consumption habits The legislation would also waive Interior’s trust responsibility … would have to follow when conducting environmental reviews. Outweighs and turns the case---corporate colonialism is a much more pernicious and extensive attack on genuine self-determination Shirley said he's also still concerned with "waivers of (federal) liability" that … along with us in the name of Indian self-determination. We are all in this together." Some believe the Indian trust doctrine is obsolete in the modern age. … ways to reconcile the fiduciary obligation owed to Indian tribes with obligations owed to other competing constituencies. | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Round 4: 1NRTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Nuclear doesn’t solve warming. 4.1.1.4. Credit Subsidies Quickly Mount in Pursuing a Nuclear Option PIC AT CHOOSING BAD Nuclear energy is racist against Native Americans: mining, waste, plant siting Stewart Brand’s promotion of atomic power, (“Nuclear Power is Safe, Sound and …ducate people about such issues and not be fooled by claims of “green and clean.” Nuclear industry is indissociably connected to environmental racism When the apocalyptic cloud erupted over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the world woke up to … the danger zone to the populations they see as less worthy of protection. The entire nuclear chain is environmental racism against Native Americans “The nuclear chain starts and ends with environmental racism.” … nowhere else to move it. That kind of temporary means permanent.” CASE ADV 1 That is a larger threat to Native knowledge-systems—it disguises ongoing Western domination The knowledge of indigenous knowledges Frequently, where there has …upon it for daily life. The following examples exemplify these concerns. AT DEATH DRIVE Even if they’re right about drives, the repression-lashout link has been disproven Secondly, the constancy principle on which these ideas are based is … principle and reconstructing the death drive as aggression. ADV 2 It can’t explain international politics Can we bring some order to this host of criticisms? It is remarkable … can the theorist and his allies use to move them to do so? BAD THEORY And no doubt Jacques Lacan only pushed this mad logic to its extreme when … calls the 1 tranche-fcTcnccV'}i It’s infinitely regressive Levinas’s hesitations about the value of psychoanalysis—indeed, what …participation, the “nocturnal chaos” that threatens to drown the ego in the totality. AT: STAVRAKAKIS The totalizing divide between desires and the alt creates ethical psychoanalysis that destroys political contestation and ensures constant management As Žižek has stated, radical democracy, “comes all too close to … how much of his theory remains after this critique. | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Round 6 CoercionTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: “There are, at bottom, basically two ways to order social Moral side constraint However, one may still insist, echoing Ernest Hemingway - "I believe in | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Round 6 Tax Code CPTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Solves the aff Make a minor tax reform to have a major impact on clean energy. Master Licensing reform solves quick SMR development One of the more talked about highlights of the President’s energy budget is his growing Subsidies turn the case Industry executives and trade associations have called for the Defense Department to take preemptive action NRC Solvency THE PROBLEM¶ We don’t have sufficient clean energy technologies to meet our baseload electricity | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Round 6 PoliticsTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Immigration reform passes now but it can be derailed. The stars seem to be aligning for immigration reform. The election of 2012 scared plan destroys Obama’s capital It's not just wind and solar projects that are waiting for federal help as Congress That kills Obama’s immigration push At a news conference where TV cameras in the back were nearly stacked on top Immigration reform necessary to sustain the economy and hegemony The main difference between now and 2007 is that today the role of immigrants and American power solves nuclear war and dampens all conflict Let me be more blunt: As the guardian of globalization, the U. 1nr warming outweighs Star 9, University of Sydney, 8/2/09, (Stephen Starr and Peter King, , “Nuclear suicide”, Sunday, 02 August 2009, http://www.sciencealert.com.au/opinions/20090208-19496.html) But there is little evidence yet that either the AnD grain imports would be at risk. overview Conceded internal link to the economy—Nuclear war and their defense doesn’t apply Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is Solves warming Key to biotech The scarcity of skilled technicians is seen by the biotechnology industry in the U. Solves bioterror But Cipro and other antibiotics are just a small part of the arsenal that could Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential Border Security Border security won’t kill the bill Amid contentious discussions in Congress over … advances in security at the borders. Guest Workers Labor negotiations on track now Talks on a new visa program for low-skilled workers are “back on Labor compromise likely Make no mistake. The immigration bill that is being crafted by the “Gang not involved A Republican Party in desperate search for relevance to Latino voters. An expanded Democratic Progress disproves their non-uniques Senate negotiators moved closer … that we will meet our deadline.” Top of the agenda and passage likely—Obama capital resolving obstacles—Congressional-lead and union cooperation key President Barack Obama pressed for swift action on a sweeping immigration bill Wednesday, saying Executive Action solves Obama won’t do major immigration changes through XOs The president knows what he’s doing is unconstitutional. We don’t have to read his Only Congressional action provides a pathway to citizenship Q8: Does deferred action provide me with a …, can confer these rights. That means no bill But that’s not the way it’s going to happen. What Obama didn’t say in Berger/no spillover GOP backlash overwhelms political incentives for passage Obama has a lot more to gain politically on immigration and gun control -- winning Link Department of Energy officials are promoting small modular reactors (SMR) as a way DOE accepted bids through Monday for companies to participate in the Small Modular Reactor program Nuclear power is unique among clean energy technologies in that Democrats tend to be more Winners win Wins don’t spillover—capital is finite and decreases—prioritizing it is key to 100-day agenda success Four more years for Obama. Now what? What does Barack Obama do in Even if a confrontational strategy is key, that doesn’t mean the plan’s singular win spills-over—it’s more likely to undermine Obama’s careful strategy on that issue But Obama’s victory has made almost no difference in changing the psychology or incentives of Err neg: That story line, stoked by Republicans but shared by some Democrats, holds that off Oil prices stable over $100 – key to Russian stability Judah, like many Russia watchers, highlights the oil price trap as a potential Plan derails that Myth # 10: Nuclear energy can't reduce our dependence on foreign oil. Causes complete collapse It began with a roar and it ended with a whimper. As 2012 wound Extinction The preceding chapters have illustrated the ways in which Russia’s decline affects that country and Solvency SMRs make warming more likely Low gas prices kill SMRs Back in the 1950s, nuclear power held out the promise of abundant electricity " No nuclear exports Today, U.S. dominance of the global nuclear power market has eroded No commercialization. That is not to say that SMRs are a new idea. The conceptual benefits In any country independent regulation is harder when the industry being regulated exists largely by PPAs specifically fail To date, DOD has not used 10 USC 2394 or 10 USC 2922 ( War War is likely Some scholars are unimpressed with the supposed threats from Russia and China. The end Can’t predict blanket peace But I would go further and would want to say even that very important concession Warming Aff doesn’t come close to solving In April 2009, the science journal Nature published a paper entitled Greenhouse-Gas CO2 key to avert the coming ice age—causes extinction
No food impact The question of resource scarcity has led to many debates on whether scarcity (whether CO2 key to food Regarding the first of these requirements, Tilman et al. note that in many No oceans impact Since the publication of two reports in 2005–2006 1, 2 No plankton impact Reference No extinction If we're talking about doomsday - the end of human civilization - many scenarios simply Environment is improving - more growth is key Climate alarmists and campaigning environmentalists argue that the industrialized countries of the world have made Adaptation and migration solve | |
| 03/31/2013 | NDT Round 8 v Harvard DTTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Financial incentives must be targeted at energy generation I have quite a lot still to say plan is indirect incentive Research and development. The budgetary cost of Vote Neg—plethora of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy tech in ways that could increase production—only direct financial disbursements for increased production create a predictable and manageable topic— off “There are, at bottom Moral side constraint However, one may still insist, echoing off Aff must specify their agent---vital to education on energy issues The ultimate effectiveness of any policy is largely dependent on the individual efficacy and coordination of the agents or agencies that implement it. There are ample illustrations of the truth of this premise in the recent attempts by the Administration and Congress to formulate and implement a national energy policy, as a result, that policy, irrespective of any intrinsic soundness, could inevitably become trapped in a quagmire of regulatory policies and practices. The difficulties that energy policymakers in the United States have experienced in 1974 and 1975 arc in many respects symptomatic of the very problem that they have intended to resolve—the lack of a comprehensive and coordinated national energy policy. Decisions concerning energy supply and general policy that have been made over the years have contributed to the creation of areas of special concern and interest, institutionalized them, and nourished them through dedicated sponsorship by either the Congress, the Executive Branch, the independent federal agencies, or industry. The difficulties that stymied congressional consideration and executive implementation of an effective energy policy in 1974 and the first half of 1975 mirror this state of affairs. off The stars seem to be aligning for immigration Plan guts it Nuclear power is unique among clean energy technologies That kills Obama’s immigration push At a news conference where TV cameras in Immigration reform necessary to sustain the economy and hegemony The main difference between now and 2007 is
Hegemony solves nuclear war. Let me be more blunt: As the off DOE battery project will work now—sustained funding is key Think of it as a Manhattan Project, Plan trades off The Obama administration’s FY 2012 budget is all Solves the aff and Key to survival This is how it goes in the battery off Obama will approve Keystone Plan derails it Key to prevent arctic war. If Canada is to achieve its territorial and Goes nuclear The fact is, the Arctic is becoming a zone of increased military competition. Russian President Medvedev has announced the creation of a special military force to defend Arctic claims. Last year Russian General Vladimir Shamanov declared that Russian troops would step up training for Arctic combat, and that Russia’s submarine fleet would increase its “operational radius.” Recently, two Russian attack submarines were spotted off the U.S. east coast for the first time in 15 years. In January 2009, on the eve of Obama’s inauguration, President Bush issued a National Security Presidential Directive on Arctic Regional Policy. It affirmed as a priority the preservation of U.S. military vessel and aircraft mobility and transit throughout the Arctic, including the Northwest Passage, and foresaw greater capabilities to protect U.S. borders in the Arctic. The Bush administration’s disastrous eight years in office, particularly its decision to withdraw from the ABM treaty and deploy missile defence interceptors and a radar station in Eastern Europe, have greatly contributed to the instability we are seeing today, even though the Obama administration has scaled back the planned deployments. The Arctic has figured in this renewed interest in Cold War weapons systems, particularly the upgrading of the Thule Ballistic Missile Early Warning System radar in Northern Greenland for ballistic missile defence. The Canadian government, as well, has put forward new military capabilities to protect Canadian sovereignty claims in the Arctic, including proposed ice-capable ships, a northern military training base and a deep-water port. Earlier this year Denmark released an all-party defence position paper that suggests the country should create a dedicated Arctic military contingent that draws on army, navy and air force assets with shipbased helicopters able to drop troops anywhere. Danish fighter planes would be tasked to patrol Greenlandic airspace. Last year Norway chose to buy 48 Lockheed Martin F-35 fighter jets, partly because of their suitability for Arctic patrols. In March, that country held a major Arctic military practice involving 7,000 soldiers from 13 countries in which a fictional country called Northland seized offshore oil rigs. The manoeuvres prompted a protest from Russia – which objected again in June after Sweden held its largest northern military exercise since the end of the Second World War. About 12,000 troops, 50 aircraft and several warships were involved. Jayantha Dhanapala, President of Pugwash and former UN under-secretary for disarmament affairs, summarized the situation bluntly: “From those in the international peace and security sector, deep concerns are being expressed over the fact that two nuclear weapon states – the United States and the Russian Federation, which together own 95 per cent of the nuclear weapons in the world – converge on the Arctic and have competing claims. These claims, together with those of other allied NATO countries – Canada, Denmark, Iceland, and Norway – could, if unresolved, lead to conflict escalating into the threat or use of nuclear weapons.” Many will no doubt argue that this is excessively alarmist, but no circumstance in which nuclear powers find themselves in military confrontation can be taken lightly. The current geo-political threat level is nebulous and low – for now, according to Rob Huebert of the University of Calgary, “the issue is the uncertainty as Arctic states and non-Arctic states begin to recognize the geo-political/economic significance of the Arctic because of climate change.” off The United States Securities and Exchange Commission should rule that equity or debt-based crowdfunding for commercial integral fast reactors is not subject to registration requirements under the Securities Act. In lieu of registration, entities that initiate an equity or debt-based crowdfunding project for commercial integral fast reactors must notify the SEC of their project, clearly publish investment risk warnings on the appropriate crowdfunding platforms, and make their crowdfunding platforms open to the general public with some means for investors to communicate freely and openly about offerings. The SEC should clarify that a “qualified purchaser,” as per Section 18(b)(3) of the Securities Act, means anyone who makes a purchase allowed by the above crowdfunding exemption. Solves the aff. Today Mosaic, an Oakland startup, announced that it is going national in its effort to raise money from online investors to fund rooftop solar systems. It is, in a sense, the first crowdfunded green investment firm. Says Co-founder Billy Parish, who previously had launched the Energy Action Coalition, a non-profit that gets youth involved in clean energy and climate solutions, "We're creating a new platform where people can profit from the clean energy revolution." Each investor in Mosaic is promised a return on his or her investment, typically around 4% to 6% a year over 5 years. So far Mosaic has raised $1.1 million from 400 individuals to fund the installation of solar systems on twelve projects including a $40,000 system on a building housing an Oakland non-profit called the Youth Employment Partnership. Mosaic keeps a fee of 1% of the money raised, and its investors get a fixed return. The two year-old company, which in addition to the money it has raised online, has received $3.4 million in seed money from San Francisco-based venture capitalist Sunil Paul of Spring Venture as well as others. Mosaic also got a $2 million Department of Energy grant in June 2012. Now it wants to scale. But there's a problem: the Securities and Exchange Commission. It's one thing to solicit small amounts of money from individuals and groups Mosaic knew. It's another to start peddling hundreds of millions in equity to the general public over the Internet. Wanting to help entrepreneurs create jobs, Congress as part of the JOBS ACT created a provision for "cloud funding portals." President Obama signed it into law in April of 2012 and gave the SEC a deadline to create rules and guidelines to protect investors who want to invest in online outfits like Mosaic. The SEC has yet to issue their regulations. In the meantime Mosaic has done an end run around the SEC by working with state securities laws. It can now offer its investment to anyone in California or New York. In the other states, investors have to be "accredited" which means hefty net worth and income requirements. (A net worth of over $1 million excluding one's house and an annual income of over $200,000.) If the SEC eventually approves cloud funding portals, investment companies like Mosaic could go national without registering in each state. If cloud funding gets the green light, it could eventually disrupt a financing model that so far has been the purview of big banks. "We like decentralized investing, says Parish, "Individuals can directly invest in clean energy projects and get a great return." So instead of putting money in the stock market, you'll be able to invest in companies like Mosaic and maybe even feel good about making the world a bit cleaner. solvency No spillover -- IFRs too costly and take too long As for IFRs, the 1996 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) study cited by Stanford concluded that there were several safety issues that remain to be resolved and that using advanced sodium-cooled reactors for transmutation “would require substantial development, testing, and large-scale demonstration under Nuclear Regulatory Commission safety review and licensing before one could proceed with confidence.” Even if all the technical problems posed by IFRs were to be solved, the costs of using this technology would be prohibitive. In the United States alone, IFRs would have to fission roughly 80,000 metric tons of heavy metal (about 99 percent of which is uranium). To transmute this amount of heavy metal over 40 years would require the building of about 2,000 IFRs of 1,000-megawatts capacity each. To manage the worldwide stock of spent fuel (both current and projected) in this way would require roughly four times as many reactors. Even assuming that one IFR reactor was brought on line a week, it would take 150 years to build them. The NAS study also expressed skepticism that the reprocessing technology associated with the IFR could be made as economical as its proponents claim. The IFR requirement of collocating the reprocessing element with the reactor would result in even higher costs because of the small scale of collocated plants. NAS's conclusion that there would be a 2 to 7 percent increase in electricity costs was based on low reactor costs and transmutation costs that were “likely to be no less than $50 billion and easily could be over $100 billion” for 600 metric tons of tran-suranics only. If the cost of reprocessing uranium is added, the total cost would increase to $300 billion—$900 billion for the United States alone. It is easy to see why no current transmutation scheme seriously proposes to transmute all the uranium in spent fuel. No nuclear ever Those who have not followed the development of No exports Today, U.S. dominance of warming No impact – consensus A recent survey of American Meteorological Society members Nothing solves it In April 2009, the science journal Nature IFRs make warming worse B. Spent Fuel Reprocessing. The federal Plan takes too long to solve warming --- delays in construction make it worse Through the use of IFRs, proponents like Feedbacks are negative According to Lindzen and Choi, all 11 Existing carbon triggers the impact James Hansen and other prominent cli CO2 isn’t key ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — Massachusetts overpopulation No overpopulation The world population is not exploding out of No resource wars No extinction )If we're talking about doomsday - the end Environment is improving - more growth is key Climate alarmists and campaigning environmentalists argue that the No limits to growth—tech and demographics solve—star this card. The Case for No Limits to Growth Notwithstanding 2NC 2nc solvency ov With the advent of Crowdfund Investing (aka CP mechanism jump-starts a revolution in These efforts are essentially micro-patronage, No limits on amount of funding, and people will invest 2nc politics n/b Avoids debates and zero opposition So what we have here is a concept It’s an SEC measure Ultimately, we are not convinced of the Solvency Framing Issue – their evidence is descriptive of the tech, not the industry which is the problem – a risk we are right is sufficient
We`ll win the tech debate too --- International consensus proves theyre not competitive and power generation will be small Hopes that the "fast breeder"- a IFRs arent competitive Nuclear power is the most expensive technological failure Only a massive expansion of funding can make nuclear worth it to investors The United States is on course to all but exit the commercial nuclear power industry even if the country awakens to the dangers of climate change and adopts measures to favor low-carbon energy sources. Nuclear power had been in economic decline for more than three decades when the Bush administration launched a program that aimed to spark a nuclear power renaissance through subsidies and a reformed reactor licensing process. But Wall Street was already leery of the historically high costs of nuclear power. An abundance of natural gas, lower energy demand induced by the 2008 recession, increased energy-efficiency measures, nuclear’s rising cost estimates, and the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station further diminished prospects for private investment in new US nuclear plants. Without additional and significant governmental preferences for new nuclear construction, market forces will all but phase out the US nuclear fleet by midcentury. Here’s what the US government must do to bring about a gradual phase-out of almost all US nuclear power plants: absolutely nothing. The United States is more or less on course to exit the commercial nuclear power industry, even if the country awakens to the dangers of climate change and adopts broad-based measures to favor low-carbon energy sources. Only a massive, government-driven infusion of taxpayer or customer dollars, targeted specifically to new nuclear reactors, will produce a different result. No new reactors will get built New nuclear plants face daunting economic and financial Governments have to abandon their programs - at best, they solve in 2050 Prospects for breeder reactors After six decades and AT: Warming Modelling In his second inaugural address, President Obama IFRs don’t Solve Warming China outweighs and won’t be influenced by the plan Birol also warned that China – the world's Tech strategy takes too long Washington, D.C.— Could replacing 2nc no extinction Warming won’t cause extinction First, climate change does not threaten the Experts agree His views deviate sharply from those of most No impact Their sweeping indicts of the energy system are wrong. The chasm between environmental perception and environmental reality 2NC No Extinction Adaptation and migration solve 2NC Improving Their authors have a personal incentive to exaggerate the impact The media can always find an expert who Ptix No terminal impact No Pakistan collapse From Pakistan's perspective, limiting the war on No impact or risk from Pakistani loose nukes The terrorist group might also seek to steal 1NR Pak No Pakistan collapse From Pakistan's perspective, limiting the war on No impact or risk from Pakistani loose nukes The terrorist group might also seek to steal 2NC Impact calc Turns o-pop—war destroys carrying capacity—exacerbates Turns warming But there is little evidence yet that either the government or the Commission is fully alert to the most momentous truth of the present era: Our best science now predicts that nuclear arsenals are fundamentally incompatible with continued human existence. It is imperative that the message coming from scientists in the US, Russia and elsewhere about the environmental consequences of nuclear war be included in the general debate about the control and abolition of nuclear weapons. Unfortunately, the nuclear weapon states apparently remain oblivious to the climatic, ecological and biological consequences of nuclear war. No "environmental impact statement" has ever been created for the US or Russian nuclear weaponry, which is one of the reasons why there still are 22,000 intact nuclear weapons in their deployed and reserve arsenals. However, new peer-reviewed studies done at several US universities predict the detonation of even a tiny fraction of the global nuclear arsenal will result in major changes in the global climate and massive destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer (which protects the Earth from deadly UV light). Even a "regional" nuclear conflict between India and Pakistan, fought with 100 Hiroshima-size weapons, is predicted to loft five million tons of smoke above cloud level; there it would block about 10 per cent of warming sunlight from reaching the surface of the Northern Hemisphere. This would produce average surface temperatures colder than any experienced for the last 1000 years. The smoke would remain in the stratosphere for more than a decade and seriously impact global climate. It would probably be too cold to grow wheat in Canada for several years; grain exports would likely cease from grain-exporting nations .and global nuclear famine would result, Within a few years, most of the already-hungry human populations could perish, and the populations of any nation dependent upon grain imports would be at risk. link Obama will approve Keystone XL because he has legitimacy with environmental movements – a backlash to other energy production will spill over! twitterandlsa4423-7fbc) The plan upsets this delicate balancing act – this is why he denied Keystone in his first term Obama is leaning toward approval but now is key – he is buying off environmentalists on other issues—our impact is categorically faster. The same environmentalists hate nuclear power –the plan destroys U.S.-Canadian relations Anti-pipeline movement hates nuclear power Keystone activists see nuclear power as a sin SMRs It just announced funding that was already allocated In March 2012, the Department of Energy That wasn’t perceived Taxpayers for Common Sense on February 27 issued key to relations Fundamentally changes the relationship Poisons the well for years. Key symbol of relations—destroys the partnership The fate of the Keystone XL pipeline will Rejection destroys the bedrock of the overall relationship The Obama administration’s move to sideline the Keystone Approval overwhelms alt causalities If the U.S. government gives Yes arctic war No safeguards in the Arctic – their defense is wrong Arctic war likely—numerous scenarios their D doesn’t answer The Russian Arctic nature is specific with high sensitivity and exposure to man-made impacts. The groups of Greenpeace activists, who include Greenpeace Executive Director Kumi Naidoo (from South Africa), were criticizing oil and gas development on Russia’s Arctic shelf (Prirazlomnaya platform). Environmental groups have repeatedly criticized Gazprom for failing to publish their full “oil spill response plan” for the platform, saying that no technology yet exists to clean up oil spills in icy conditions and that even a small accident could be catastrophic for the Arctic ecosystem. There are protected natural areas, home to endangered species such as walruses and beluga whales, just 50 to 60 kilometers from the platform. Furthermore, Arctic ice caps also very rapidly getting melted. One can see an ice-free North Pole after several decades. Naidoo also wrote in his blog that “Gazprom is set to begin dangerous drilling on the Arctic shelf with no viable oil spill response plan”. Gazprom-Neft Shelf has rejected claims that the platform is a threat to the environment, claiming the platform’s performance last winter proved its reliability and that professional emergency response crews are on duty 24 hours within a day. Konstantin Simonov, head of Russia’s National Energy Security Fund in Moscow, told that “it will be difficult for an organization like Greenpeace to stop Russia’s Arctic plans. But, Russian companies must begin dialogue with them. It’s a good experience for Gazprom, but these actions will not stop and will not change the state policy of Russia in Arctic zone”. Arctic oil exploration is vital to sustaining Russia’s long-term status as the world’s top oil producer. Russia’s oil and gas production in western Siberia is declining. It means that Russia needs to find the alternative fields. Russian President Vladimir Putin has made the exploration of Russia’s Arctic reserves a strategic priority of Government. Now the Arctic is a national project and Russia will support it and is ready to invest for implementation of that project and the Greenpeace’s actions will not be able to stop Putin’s desire to begin the production of oil and gas in Arctic. It seems that environmental protection and ecological disasters are not high priorities for Kremlin strategists, who consider the energy sector as the instrument which Moscow can use to cement its position as a superpower both in the region and the world. Recently, Russia started the construction of one of Russia’s new generation submarines and Putin vowed to boost nuclear naval forces to guarantee the country’s position as a leading sea power. Putin said that Russia’s navy would protect Russia’s interests in the energy-rich Arctic zone. This is obviously means the militarization of Arctic, and Russia is also a part of this process. Not only Russia, as well as increasing military presence of United States and Canada in this area. The problem is very simple because Arctic states (Russia, United States, Canada, Norway and Denmark) still have no decision to divide the Arctic. Prirazlomnoye is on Russian part of Arctic. But there are still a lot of grey zones and there are still a lot of questions. The shipyards in Severodvinsk, on the White Sea, where nuclear submarines were built, have turned attentions to assembling drilling platforms. One was just recently assembled for use at the Prirazlomnoye oilfield in the Pechora Sea. The enormous metal construction, operated by a subsidiary of Russian energy giant Gazprom, is expected to start drilling operations in the coming months. In this regard, U.S. frequently emphasizes the importance of providing the marine security in the Arctic by U.S. Armed Forces. Because, Northwest Passage is the shortest way to deliver the energy resources of Arctic to Asia, Europe and Pacific coasts of the U.S. In 2007, Russia declared to establish Arctic Military Unit to protect the Northern continental shelf (the future energy reserves until 2020). Last year (2011), Russian Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov announced that Russia intends to create two new military brigades (with 10.000 troops) to protect its interests in the Arctic. The energy potential of the Arctic is a major driver behind Moscow’s decisions. The most of the proved oil reserves in the region are within the 200-mile economic limits of Russia and Canada. Canada, Denmark and China highlighted the significance of this question as well. Yet there are currently not an official Chinese Arctic strategy, which outlines China’s regional interests, political approaches, and legal positions in the near-term. However, over the past ten years, China has developed a serious interest in Arctic science, structured along four main axes: oceanography, biology, atmospheric science, and glaciology. The development of Arctic shipping routes is the driving factor of China’s Arctic interest, as the access to Arctic shipping routes could profoundly impact the country’s future trade and shipping patterns. Arctic Ocean offers China not only substantial commercial opportunities in terms of distance savings, but more importantly allows it to diversify its supply and trade routes. Because, China’s economy depends highly on the Strait of Malacca and the China’s economic development relies on secure access to its maritime communication lines. The geo-economics considerations, especially the access to natural resources and Arctic shipping lanes are the true driver of China’s regional policy. China’s rapidly growing energy demand requires country to find alternative routes and sources. Although China’s influence is thus far limited to political and economic power, the United States – which has historically seen the Pacific as its sphere of influence – worries about Beijing’s long-term intentions and involvement in the Arctic region in terms of naval expansion. Because, the Arctic is considered as European, North American and Russian strategic space. NATO also didn’t late to make a statement on the competition for the energy resources of Arctic. NATO says that Arctic region might be potential armed conflict region in the future among its eight stakeholders because of its energy resources. Thus, since 2007, the disputes over Lomonosov Ridges between Russia and Canada still continue. Arctic is a strategic region for Russia not only for its energy security, as well as for nuclear deterrence capacity. Because, given the satellite radars, missile and anti-missile systems of U.S. and NATO in the world and in space, the best place for Russia for its anti-missile capacity against nuclear strike are the polar ice caps in the Arctic. Russian submarines, under the polar ice caps of Arctic have a great importance in terms of response to prospective nuclear attacks and monitoring of the region. 2NR Arctic war likely—numerous scenarios their D doesn’t answer The Russian Arctic nature is specific with high |
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