| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Advantage 1- Islanding Andres and Breetz 11
(Richard B. Andres is Professor of ¶ national Security Strategy at the ¶ national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental ¶ Security and Policy Chair in the Center ¶ for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology, "Small Nuclear Reactors ¶ for Military Installations:¶ Capabilities, Costs, and ¶ Technological Implications" Institute for National Strategic Studies, ~[~[http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf-http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf~~]~], SEH) Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its ¶ bases with electricity when the
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order to win an ongoing battle or war would ¶ be greatly reduced. Huff 12
(Ethan A, staff writer at natural news "Hacking expert says catastrophic failure of smart energy grid within 3 year" ~[~[http://usahitman.com/hcfseg/-http://usahitman.com/hcfseg/~~]~], SEH) For at least the past five years, the federal government has been pushing utility
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Internet, and effectively without any protection, is insanity at its finest." Defense Science Board 8
(The DSB is a Federal ¶ Advisory Committee established to provide independent advice to the Secretary of ¶ Defense, "More Fight – Less Fuel" ~[~[http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf-http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf~~]~], SEH) 5.3 Four Sources of Risk for Grid Outages ¶ The first risk is
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controls used by other forms ¶ of energy, notably oil and gas. That undermines the military and risks nuclear warThe Examiner 7/27
(Robert Tilford, Graduate US Army Airborne School, Ft. Benning, Georgia, "Cyber attackers could shut down the electric grid for the entire east coast" ~[~[http://www.examiner.com/article/cyber-attackers-could-easily-shut-down-the-electric-grid-for-the-entire-east-coa-http://www.examiner.com/article/cyber-attackers-could-easily-shut-down-the-electric-grid-for-the-entire-east-coa~~]~], SEH) To make matters worse a cyber attack that can take out a civilian power grid, for example could also cripple the U.S. military.¶ The senator notes that is that the same power grids that supply cities and towns, stores and gas stations, cell towers and heart monitors also power "every military base in our country."¶ "Although bases would be prepared to weather a short power outage with backup diesel generators, within hours, not days, fuel supplies would run out", he said.¶ Which means military command and control centers could go dark.¶ Radar systems that detect air threats to our country would shut¶ Down completely.¶ "Communication between commanders and their troops would also go silent. And many weapons systems would be left without either fuel or electric power", said Senator Grassley.¶ "So in a few short hours or days, the mightiest military in the world would be left scrambling to maintain base functions", he said.¶ We contacted the Pentagon and officials confirmed the threat of a cyber attack is something very real.¶ Top national security officials—including the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, the Director of the National Security Agency, the Secretary of Defense, and the CIA Director— have said, "preventing a cyber attack and improving the nation~’s electric grids is among the most urgent priorities of our country" (source: Congressional Record).¶ So how serious is the Pentagon taking all this?¶ Enough to start, or end a war over it, for sure (see video: Pentagon declares war on cyber attacks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kVQrp_D0kY%26feature=relmfu ).¶ A cyber attack today against the US could very well be seen as an "Act of War" and could be met with a "full scale" US military response.¶ That could include the use of "nuclear weapons", if authorized by the President. Al Qaeda can and will pull off a cyber-attack – Al Qaeda video provesCloherty ~’12
(Jack Cloherty is the lead producer for the Justice Department/Homeland Security beat at World News. "Virtual Terrorism: Al Qaeda Video Calls for ~’Electronic Jihad~’" May 22, 2012 accessed online September 15, 2012 at http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/cyber-terrorism-al-qaeda-video-calls-electronic-jihad/story?id=16407875~~~~%23.UFS0p42PVe-, TSW) Al Qaeda may be turning its destructive attention to cyber-warfare against the United
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increase of 10,000 reports over the same period the previous year. Gelinas 10
(Ryan Richard, thesis for Master of Arts¶ in Security Studies from Georgetown, "CYBERDETERRENCE AND THE PROBLEM OF ATTRIBUTION" ~[~[https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553494/gelinasRyan.pdf?sequence=1-https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553494/gelinasRyan.pdf?sequence=1~~]~], SEH) The set of cases analyzed here demonstrate decisively that attribution of cyber attacks is ¶
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policy tool will be better preserved for realms where it is more applicable. Defense Science Board 8
(The DSB is a Federal ¶ Advisory Committee established to provide independent advice to the Secretary of ¶ Defense, "More Fight – Less Fuel" ~[~[http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf-http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf~~]~], SEH) DoD~’s key problem with electricity is that critical missions, such as national strategic ¶
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of their missions is as important as ¶ within the U.S. Wagner 9/11
(Dr. Abraham R. Wagner is a Professor of International and Public Affairs at the ¶ Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War %26 Peace Studies at Columbia University. "Counter-Terrorism Technologies — Taking Stock on 9/11" 09/11/2012 2:13 pm accessed online September 11, 2012 at ~[~[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/abraham-r-wagner/counterterrorism-technolo_b_1874521.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/abraham-r-wagner/counterterrorism-technolo_b_1874521.html~~]~], TSW) On this 11th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, it makes sense to
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as to why the fundamental problems in this area remain to be solved. De Rugy and Pena 2
, *policy analyst, *senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, (Veronique and Charles, " Responding to the Threat of Smallpox Bioterrorism An Ounce of Prevention Is Best Approach" April 18, Policy Analysis No. 432 ~[~[http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf~~]~]) There is evidence that al-Qaeda members have been trying to acquire nuclear materials
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mitigate the consequences of an attack, need to be examined and evaluated. Terrorists can obtain Bio-weapons and will use them – Syria DemiseBlair ~’12
(Charles P. Blair joined FAS in June 2010. He is the Senior Fellow on State and Non-State Threats. Born and raised in Los Alamos, New Mexico, Mr. Blair was an exchange student in Moscow in the mid-1980s, witnessing firsthand the closing salvos of the Cold War. Since the end of that era, Mr. Blair has worked on issues relating to the diffusion and diversification of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in the context of proliferation amid the rise of mass casualty terrorism incidents and the centripetal and centrifugal elements of globalization. Mr. Blair~’s work focuses on state and violent non-state actors (VNSA) – amid a dystopic and increasingly tribal world. "Fearful of a nuclear Iran? The real WMD nightmare is Syria" 1 MARCH 2012 accessed online August 22, 2012 at http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/op-eds/fearful-of-nuclear-iran-the-real-wmd-nightmare-syria) As possible military action against Iran~’s suspected nuclear weapons program looms large in the public
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political or religious persuasion, in the Middle East and around the world. Ochs 2
(Richard, Naturalist – Grand Teton National park with Masters in Natural Resource Management – Rutgers, "Biological Weapons must be abolished immediately" 6-9, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html) Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many
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Can we imagine hundreds of such plagues? HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE. Conley 03
(Harry W., chief of the systems analysis Branch, Directorate of Requirements, Air and Space Power Journal- Spring 2003- http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html The number of American casualties suffered due to a WMD attack may well be the
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be more than just a possibility, whatever promises had been made."48 Advantage 2 Leadership Rosner and Goldberg 11
(Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director, Argonne National Laboratory ¶ Senior Fellow, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago¶ Research Coordinator, Global Nuclear Future Initiative ¶ American Academy of Arts and Sciences, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power ¶ Generation in the U.S." Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, ~[~[http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf-http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf~~]~], SEH) As stated earlier, SMRs have the potential to achieve significant greenhouse gas emission ¶
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, Korea, Russia, and, now rapidly ¶ emerging, China. Loudermilk 11
(Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs" Journal of Energy Security, May 2011, ~[~[http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375~~]~], SEH) Combating proliferation with US leadership¶ Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the
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reactors are mitigated and concerns over the widespread distribution of nuclear fuel allayed. Kroenig 12
(Matthew, assistant professor of Government at Georgetown University and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, "The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?" Non Proliferation Policy Center, ~[~[http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182%26tid=30~~~~%23_ftn11-http://npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182%26tid=30~~]~], SEH) First and foremost, proliferation optimists do not appear to understand contemporary deterrence theory.
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reveal the shortcomings of their analysis and fail to make a compelling case. Kroenig 9
(Matthew, assistant professor of Government at Georgetown University and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Beyond Optimism and Pessimism: ¶ The Differential Effects of Nuclear Proliferation" Harvard Kennedy School of Government, ~[~[http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Beyond-Optimism-and-Pessimism.pdf-http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Beyond-Optimism-and-Pessimism.pdf~~]~], SEH) There is direct evidence that regional conflicts involving nuclear powers can ¶ encourage power-
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the United States would never allow an extended conflict in nuclear South Asia. Kroenig 9
(Matthew, assistant professor of Government at Georgetown University and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Beyond Optimism and Pessimism: ¶ The Differential Effects of Nuclear Proliferation" Harvard Kennedy School of Government, ~[~[http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Beyond-Optimism-and-Pessimism.pdf-http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Beyond-Optimism-and-Pessimism.pdf~~]~], SEH) Leaders in power-projecting states also fear that regional instability set off by nuclear
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another dangerous flash-point in the uncertain Sino-American strategic relationship. Chu ~’10
(Mr. Chu is the U.S. Secretary of Energy. "America~’s New Nuclear Option" March 23, 2010 ~[~[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704231304575092130239999278.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704231304575092130239999278.html~~]~]) Perhaps most importantly, investing in nuclear energy will position America to lead in a
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, eliminating the plutonium that critics say could be used for nuclear weapons. Without increasing nuclear technology, we lose out to China in nuclear leadership. The impact is Asian influence and proliferation.Cullinane ~’11
~~~[Scott Cullinane is a graduate student at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C ~[~[http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energy%26catid=118:content%26Itemid=376-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energy%26catid=118:content%26Itemid=376~~]~] ETB~~~] Due to a confluence of events the United States has recently focused more attention on
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with very unsavory governments seems likely to increase the risks involving nuclear material. Goh 8
(Evelyn, Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the Univ of Oxford, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, "Hierarchy and the role of the United States in the East Asian security order," 2008 8(3):353-377, Oxford Journals Database) This is the main structural dilemma: as long as the United States does not
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as a result of not doing so would appear to be much worse. Landy 2k
National Security Expert @ Knight Ridder, 3/10
(Jonathan, Knight Ridder, lexis) Few if any experts think China and Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea,
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that totaled %24600 billion last year, according to the Commerce Department. Plan Solvency U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration 11
("The Commercial Outlook for¶ U.S. Small Modular Nuclear¶ Reactors" ~[~[http://www.trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf-http://www.trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf~~]~], SEH) Although SMRs have significant potential and ¶ the market for their deployment is growing,
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Reactor Concepts program, which ¶ focuses on metal-cooled reactor technologies. Military procurement- solves commercial use proliferation and islanding- avoid regulationAndres and Loudermilk 10
(Richard B. Andres, Professor of ¶ national Security Strategy at the ¶ national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental ¶ Security and Policy Chair in the Center ¶ for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University, Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, "Small Reactors and the Military~’s Role in Securing America~’s Nuclear IndustryPosted" ~[~[http://robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/08/28/small-reactors-and-the-militarys-role-in-securing-americas-nuclear-industryposted/-http://robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/08/28/small-reactors-and-the-militarys-role-in-securing-americas-nuclear-industryposted/~~]~], SEH) Unlike private industry, the military does not face the same regulatory and congressional hurdles
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the military presents a realistic route by which their adoption can be achieved. Andres and Breetz 11
(Richard B. Andres is Professor of ¶ national Security Strategy at the ¶ national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental ¶ Security and Policy Chair in the Center ¶ for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology, "Small Nuclear Reactors ¶ for Military Installations:¶ Capabilities, Costs, and ¶ Technological Implications" Institute for National Strategic Studies, ~[~[http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf-http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf~~]~], SEH) Technological Lock-in. A second risk is that if ¶ small reactors do
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry~’s timeline and trajectory. |
| 09/30/2012 | Tournament: UMKC | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma | Judge:
The exclusion of hemp from discussions of U.S. domestic energy production is an intellectual acquiescence to a targeted campaign of social racism to ensure corporate profitability while simultaneously creating a perpetual for-profit policing tool explicitly aimed at those cultures considered less advanced than white America.
Bramhall 2012
dr. stuart Jeanne, adolescent psychiatrist and political refugee in New Zealand, the politics of hemp, http://energybulletin.net/stories/2012-02-09/politics-hemp, feb 9
For nearly four decades, industrial … Tax Act was declared unconstitutional.
And, these historical prohibitions against industrial or energy applications hemp and marijuana are used to extend the racially prejudicial penal system into every street corner and alley, permeating the daily experience of racial minorities with perpetual alienation and criminalization.
Lendman 2012
Stephen, America’s Racist Drug Laws, Sentencing Project Executive Director, leading expert on sentencing, race, and criminal justice, http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2012/02/06/america-s-racist-drug-laws For 25 years, it's "work(ed) for a … people, overwhelmingly young Black and Hispanic males. Ed Forchion first explains his own experiences with law enforcement when he wrote in ‘99 “I, because I am a minority male I have known of this racial profiling or "DWB" ( Driving While Black) for years to be true. I cannot count the amount of time's I've had my car stopped, searched, then to justify the illegal act they write bogus tickets.” http://www.njweedman.com/trooper_thornton.htm
In 2001, Forchion explained that the energy-based exclusion of hemp and the social prohibition on marijuana work in tandem to create a racialized penal system tantamount to mass slavery by criminalizing cultural difference and coercing assimilation through forced detention. Edward “njweedman”, 414575 Riverfront State Prison Camden, N.J. 08101, The Re-incarceration of Jim Crow: In regards to Amerikkkas racist war on drugs: the controlled substance act of 1970” Police officers, … their legislative actions. THE US PRISON REGIME REMAINS CENTRAL TO AMERICAN WORLD ORDERING THAT USES MATERIAL AND DISCURSIVE REPRESSION TO PAVE THE WAY FOR WHITE SUPRMACY and NEOLIBERALism IS THE CAUSE OF AMERICAN GLOBALITY AND ENSURES DOMINATION, GENOCIDE, WAR, RACISM, AND BIOPOLITICAL CONTROL
Dylan Rodriguez, Professer University of California Riverside, November 2007
Kritika Kultura “AMERICAN GLOBALITY AND THE U. S. PRISON REGIME: STATE VIOLENCE AND WHITE SUPREMACY FROM ABU GHRAIB TO STOCKTON TO BAGONG DIWA”
Available online at http://www.ateneo.edu/ateneo/www/UserFiles/121/docs/KK09.pdf)
In this meditation I am … global white supremacy.
Our stand against prisons is a call for a broader movement connecting a critique of racism, sexism, heterosexism, classism and other oppressions. Moreover, it is possible to create a system that provides actual alternatives to imprisonment and domination. Therefore this presentation represents the affirmation of an interrogation of, and position against the American prison system and all social relations that support its permanence
Social Justice Movements '06
http://socialjustice.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/index.php/Abolish_Prisons
Given that over two … - one with a clear goal of prison abolition. Our advocacy should thus be understood as part of an intellectual struggle against the racialized practices that justify colonialism, imperialism, and fascism, and hence allow for the existence of the prison system. A failure to confront contemporary displays of the state’s history of sovereign domination threatens the entire world.
NIKHIL SINGH 2006, Professor of History at the University of Washington, South Atlantic Quarterly “The Afterlife of fascism” The philosopher Giorgio Agamben … the entire world in danger. Our focus on a critique of the American imperial prison system is key to ending the practices that manage and enslave people of color all over the world
Dylan Rodriguez, Professer University of California Riverside, November 2007
Kritika Kultura “AMERICAN GLOBALITY AND THE U. S. PRISON REGIME: STATE VIOLENCE AND WHITE SUPREMACY FROM ABU GHRAIB TO STOCKTON TO BAGONG DIWA” Available online at http://www.ateneo.edu/ateneo/www/UserFiles/121/docs/KK09.pdf) Variable, overlapping, and mutually … is organic to its ordering. Rejections of whiteness only serve to alienate those who coincidentally live this experience from participation in anti-racist struggle like critique of the American prisons system.
Shannon Sullivan.Penn State University Charles S. Peirce Society. Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society. Buffalo: 2008. Vol. 44, Iss. 2; pg. 236, 27 pgs
It is commonly acknowledged today, at … be effective in practice.
IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BE NEUTRAL ON A MOVING TRAIN – THE U.S. RACIAL PENAL REGIME IS BEING GLOBALIZED INSTALLING WHITE SUPREMACY ACROSS THE GLOBE. ONLY THE 1AC’S THEORIZATION OF THIS FOUNDATIONAL RACIAL VIOLENCE THROUGH THE LENS OF THE U.S. PRISON SYSTEM CAN CREATE AN OVERLAP OF SCHOLARLY PRAXIS AND ACTIVIST MOBILIZATION.
Dylan Rodriguez, Professer University of California Riverside, November 2007
Kritika Kultura “AMERICAN GLOBALITY AND THE U. S. PRISON REGIME:
STATE VIOLENCE AND WHITE SUPREMACY FROM ABU GHRAIB TO STOCKTON
TO BAGONG DIWA” Available online at http://www.ateneo.edu/ateneo/www/UserFiles/121/docs/KK09.pdf)
I am suggesting a conception … (grassroots as well as professional) scholarly praxis. The affirmative should win the debate if our intellectual critique is found superior to the SQ or the negative’s competitive alternative. INTELLECTUAL RESISTANCE IS KEY TO UNWORKING THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF TRUTH AND POWER THAT ENSURE DOMINATION.
Roger Alan DEACON. 2003. Political Science Researcher w/a Doctorate from U of Natal – Durban. Fabricating Foucault: Rationalising the Management of Individuals. P 272-5
To problematize the … relations of power to individual human subjects. |
| 10/18/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Plan Islanding Andres and Breetz 11
(Richard B. Andres is Professor of ¶ national Security Strategy at the ¶ national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental ¶ Security and Policy Chair in the Center ¶ for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology, "Small Nuclear Reactors ¶ for Military Installations:¶ Capabilities, Costs, and ¶ Technological Implications" Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf-http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf, SEH) Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its ¶ bases with electricity when the
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order to win an ongoing battle or war would ¶ be greatly reduced.
Robitaille 12
(George, Department of Army Civilian, United States Army War College, "Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?" 21-03-2012, Strategy Research Project)
In recent years, the U.S Department of Defense (DoD) has
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associated with building coal or natural gas fired power plants on the environment. Gelinas 10
(Ryan Richard, thesis for Master of Arts¶ in Security Studies from Georgetown, "CYBERDETERRENCE AND THE PROBLEM OF ATTRIBUTION" https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553494/gelinasRyan.pdf?sequence=1-https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553494/gelinasRyan.pdf?sequence=1, SEH) The set of cases analyzed here demonstrate decisively that attribution of cyber attacks is ¶
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policy tool will be better preserved for realms where it is more applicable. Defense Science Board 8
(The DSB is a Federal ¶ Advisory Committee established to provide independent advice to the Secretary of ¶ Defense, "More Fight – Less Fuel" http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf-http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf, SEH) DoD’s key problem with electricity is that critical missions, such as national strategic ¶
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of their missions is as important as ¶ within the U.S. Wagner 9/11
(Dr. Abraham R. Wagner is a Professor of International and Public Affairs at the ¶ Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War %26 Peace Studies at Columbia University. "Counter-Terrorism Technologies — Taking Stock on 9/11" 09/11/2012 2:13 pm accessed online September 11, 2012 at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/abraham-r-wagner/counterterrorism-technolo_b_1874521.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/abraham-r-wagner/counterterrorism-technolo_b_1874521.html, TSW) On this 11th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, it makes sense to
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as to why the fundamental problems in this area remain to be solved. De Rugy and Pena 2
, *policy analyst, *senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, (Veronique and Charles, " Responding to the Threat of Smallpox Bioterrorism An Ounce of Prevention Is Best Approach" April 18, Policy Analysis No. 432 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf) There is evidence that al-Qaeda members have been trying to acquire nuclear materials
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mitigate the consequences of an attack, need to be examined and evaluated. Terrorists can obtain Bio-weapons and will use them – Syria DemiseBlair ’12
(Charles P. Blair joined FAS in June 2010. He is the Senior Fellow on State and Non-State Threats. Born and raised in Los Alamos, New Mexico, Mr. Blair was an exchange student in Moscow in the mid-1980s, witnessing firsthand the closing salvos of the Cold War. Since the end of that era, Mr. Blair has worked on issues relating to the diffusion and diversification of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in the context of proliferation amid the rise of mass casualty terrorism incidents and the centripetal and centrifugal elements of globalization. Mr. Blair’s work focuses on state and violent non-state actors (VNSA) – amid a dystopic and increasingly tribal world. "Fearful of a nuclear Iran? The real WMD nightmare is Syria" 1 MARCH 2012 accessed online August 22, 2012 at http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/op-eds/fearful-of-nuclear-iran-the-real-wmd-nightmare-syria) As possible military action against Iran’s suspected nuclear weapons program looms large in the public
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political or religious persuasion, in the Middle East and around the world. Ochs 2
(Richard, Naturalist – Grand Teton National park with Masters in Natural Resource Management – Rutgers, "Biological Weapons must be abolished immediately" 6-9, http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html) Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered biological weapons, many
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Can we imagine hundreds of such plagues? HUMAN EXTINCTION IS NOW POSSIBLE. Conley 03
(Harry W., chief of the systems analysis Branch, Directorate of Requirements, Air and Space Power Journal- Spring 2003- http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html The number of American casualties suffered due to a WMD attack may well be the
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be more than just a possibility, whatever promises had been made."48 Nuclear Leadership Hiruo 10
(Elaine, Managing Editor of Platts, "SMR technology gives US chance at market leadership, vendors say," 9-2-10, Lexis)
The US nuclear industry lost its leadership position in the global market for large reactors
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the global market first with a reactor already operating on its home turf. Rosner and Goldberg 11
(Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director, Argonne National Laboratory ¶ Senior Fellow, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago¶ Research Coordinator, Global Nuclear Future Initiative ¶ American Academy of Arts and Sciences, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power ¶ Generation in the U.S." Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf-http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf, SEH) As stated earlier, SMRs have the potential to achieve significant greenhouse gas emission¶
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, Korea, Russia, and, now rapidly¶ emerging, China. Wheeler 12
(Brian, editor of Power Engineering magazine, "Developing Small Modular Reactor Designs in the U.S," 4-1-12, http://www.power-eng.com/articles/npi/print/volume-5/issue-2/nucleus/developing-small-modular-reactor-designs-in-the-us.html-http://www.power-eng.com/articles/npi/print/volume-5/issue-2/nucleus/developing-small-modular-reactor-designs-in-the-us.html-http://www.power-eng.com/articles/npi/print/volume-5/issue-2/nucleus/developing-small-modular-reactor-designs-in-the-us.html-http:/www.power-eng.com/articles/npi/print/volume-5/issue-2/nucleus/developing-small-modular-reactor-designs-in-the-us.html)
The development of small modular reactors in the U.S. continues to gain
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Russians," said Bob Prince, vice chairman and CEO, Gen4 Energy. Getting the lead tempts China to export dangerous reactors— causes meltdowns and terrorist theftTu 12
Senior Associate, Energy and Climate Program, Carnegie (Kevin, 3/11/12, China’s Nuclear Crossroads, carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/11/china-s-nuclear-crossroads-http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/11/china-s-nuclear-crossroads) It’s first important to acknowledge that the safety oversight mechanism is one of the weakest
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is a fatal mistake that energy-thirsty China can’t afford to make. Wright 7
prize winning author of best winning books. Visiting scholar at The University of Pennsylvania and Schwartz Senior Fellow at the New America Foundation. Attended TCU, finished his interdisciplinary degree in public and international affairs at Princeton (Robert, 4/28, Planet Of The Apes, http://select.nytimes.com/2007/04/28/opinion/28wright.html, AG) (3) Terrorism. Alas, the negative-feedback loop — bad outcomes
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And the catalyst would be terrorism, along with our mishandling of it. Proliferation’s inevitable— U.S. leadership makes it safe and stableBuckner 1
(Buckner and Sanders (Mel and Thomas, Chair of the ANS Special Committee on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Senior Consultant, Strategic Materials Technology Department/Savannah River Technology Center, at Westinghouse Savannah River Company, in Aiken, S. C. Thomas L. Sanders is Vice-Chair of SCNN and Manager, Nuclear Initiatives, at Sandia National Laboratories, Nuclear News, February, http://sti.srs.gov/fulltext/ms2001080/ms2001080.html)-http://sti.srs.gov/fulltext/ms2001080/ms2001080.html%29 With the end of the Cold War, a new global nuclear infrastructure is evolving
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stage and to observe and understand the civilian nuclear programs of emerging nations." Chinese nuclear exports expand their nuclear leadership- leads to Chinese hege and aggressionBlank ’10
Research Professor of National Security Affair, Strategic Studies Institute (Stephen, China puts down marker in nuclear power race, www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/LF16Cb01.html-http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/LF16Cb01.html) ¶ China announced in late April the sale of two nuclear reactors to Pakistan.
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that China deems as essential to the pursuit of its larger strategic goals. Cullinane ’11
~Scott Cullinane is a graduate student at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energy%26catid=118:content%26Itemid=376-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energy%26catid=118:content%26Itemid=376 ETB~ Due to a confluence of events the United States has recently focused more attention on
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with very unsavory governments seems likely to increase the risks involving nuclear material. Goh 8
(Evelyn, Lecturer in International Relations in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the Univ of Oxford, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, "Hierarchy and the role of the United States in the East Asian security order," 2008 8(3):353-377, Oxford Journals Database) This is the main structural dilemma: as long as the United States does not
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as a result of not doing so would appear to be much worse. Landy 2k
National Security Expert @ Knight Ridder, 3/10
(Jonathan, Knight Ridder, lexis) Few if any experts think China and Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea,
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that totaled %24600 billion last year, according to the Commerce Department. Dillon ’11
~Dana R. Dillon is the author of The China Challenge (2007) and a frequent commentator on Asian and national security issues; non-staff member at the Heritage foundation. "Countering Beijing in the South China Sea." Policy Review ~%23167, The Hoover Institution @ Stanford University. http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/79931-http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/79931 ETB~ The most dangerous source of instability in Asia is a rising China seeking to reassert
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logistical tail but deep inside the reach of a large and rising power. Clayton 8/24/12
~Marquis Clayton is a Research Assistant at the East-West Center in Washington. "Uncomfortable Truths: Breaking the Impasse in the South China Sea." Asia Pacific Bulletin ~%23178. ETB~ ¶ The final uncomfortable truth is that historical animosities and increasingly emotional¶ resource nationalism
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Filipino and Vietnamese armed¶ forces to patrol and monitor their maritime peripheries. Chakraborty 10
(Tuhin Subhro Chakraborty, Research Associate at Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies (RGICS), his primary area of work is centered on East Asia and International Relations. His recent work includes finding an alternative to the existing security dilemma in East Asia and the Pacific and Geo Political implications of the ’Rise of China’. Prior to joining RGICS, he was associated with the Centre for Strategic Studies and Simulation, United Service Institution of India (USI) where he examined the role of India in securing Asia Pacific. He has coordinated conferences and workshops on United Nation Peacekeeping Visions and on China’s Quest for Global Dominance. He has written commentaries on issues relating to ASEAN, Asia Pacific Security Dilemma and US China relations. He also contributed in carrying out simulation exercise on the ’Afghanistan Scenario’ for the Foreign Service Institute (FSI). Tuhin interned at the Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), Sapru House, wherein he worked on the Rise of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military budget and its impact on India. He graduated from St. Stephen’s College, Delhi and thereafter he undertook his masters in East Asian Studies from University of Delhi. His areas of interest include China, India-Japan bilateral relations, ASEAN, Asia Pacific security dynamics and Nuclear Issues, The United States Service Institution of India, 2010, "The Initiation %26 Outlook of ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) Plus Eight", http://www.usiofindia.org/Article/?pub=Strategic%20Perspective%26pubno=20%26ano=739-http://www.usiofindia.org/Article/?pub=Strategic%20Perspective%26pubno=20%26ano=739) The first ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus Eight (China, India, Japan,
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a major conflict which has the possibility of turning into a nuclear conflict. Risk of conflict is high- miscalc triggers escalation and US gets drawn inGlaser ’12
~Bonnie S. Glaser is a senior fellow with the Freeman Chair in China Studies and a senior associate with the Pacific Forum, Center for Strategic and International Studies. Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/east-asia/armed-clash-south-china-sea/p27883-http://www.cfr.org/east-asia/armed-clash-south-china-sea/p27883 ETB~ The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is significant. China, Taiwan
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employ more aggressive means to intercept U.S. ships and aircraft. Lee J. Hunkovic — professor at American Military University, 09, ~"The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America", American Military University, p.54~ A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate
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outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study. Solvency U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration 11
("The Commercial Outlook for¶ U.S. Small Modular Nuclear¶ Reactors" http://www.trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf-http://www.trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf, SEH) Although SMRs have significant potential and ¶ the market for their deployment is growing,
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Reactor Concepts program, which ¶ focuses on metal-cooled reactor technologies. Military procurement solves commercial use, proliferation norms, and islanding- avoids regulationAndres and Loudermilk 10
(Richard B. Andres, Professor of ¶ national Security Strategy at the ¶ national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental ¶ Security and Policy Chair in the Center ¶ for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University, Micah J, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, "Small Reactors and the Military’s Role in Securing America’s Nuclear IndustryPosted" http://robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/08/28/small-reactors-and-the-militarys-role-in-securing-americas-nuclear-industryposted/-http://robertmayer.wordpress.com/2010/08/28/small-reactors-and-the-militarys-role-in-securing-americas-nuclear-industryposted/, SEH) Unlike private industry, the military does not face the same regulatory and congressional hurdles
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the military presents a realistic route by which their adoption can be achieved. Andres and Breetz 11
(Richard B. Andres is Professor of ¶ national Security Strategy at the ¶ national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental ¶ Security and Policy Chair in the Center ¶ for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology, "Small Nuclear Reactors ¶ for Military Installations:¶ Capabilities, Costs, and ¶ Technological Implications" Institute for National Strategic Studies, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf-http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/strforum/sf-262.pdf, SEH) Technological Lock-in. A second risk is that if ¶ small reactors do
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. Silverstein 12
(Ken, Energy Central editor, contributor to Forbes, "Nuclear Energy Won’t Die," 5-7-12, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/05/07/nuclear-energy-wont-die/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/05/07/nuclear-energy-wont-die/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/05/07/nuclear-energy-wont-die/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/05/07/nuclear-energy-wont-die/) Some thought that nuclear energy may get buried after the Japanese Fukushima deluge. But
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among energy insiders here is that it would lead to more such construction. Biello 12
(David, associate editor for environment and energy at Scientific American, "Small Reactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power," 4-19-12, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power)
But the Department of Energy funding may only support two designs. Innovation spurred
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the world in safety, if we’re not building new nuclear power plants." |
| 11/07/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Hegemonic strategy inevitable Calleo ‘10
Calleo, Director – European Studies Program and Professor @ SAIS, ‘10¶ (David P, “American Decline Revisited,” Survival, 52:4, 215 – 227) The history of the past two decades suggests that adjusting to a plural world is
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turns the dollar into an imperial instrument that threatens the world with inflation. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
No shortage – plenty of REEs exist to last a century and use inevitable
Castor 11
Castor, Stephen B. Castor, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, 2008, "Rare Earth Deposits of North America",http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00068.x/pdf, Date accessed July 8, 2011 In the past, REE commodities were not only mined dominantly in the USA
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will provide new and potentially large markets in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe. REE mining and supply increasing- California mountain pass and other new mines outside US prevents bottle neck
Burnett 12
(H.Sterling, PhD Applied Philosophy, Senior Fellow and lead analyst of the National Center for Policy Analysis' E-Team -- one of the largest collections of energy and environmental policy experts and scientists, “Finding Sources of Rare Earths beyond China,” Mountain Pass: An American Rare Earth Mine. California’s Mountain Pass, the only
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, will provide the new supplies of rare earths needed for critical industries. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Obama already pushed for SMR’s New York Times 11
(Matthew L. Wald, “Administration to Push for Small ‘Modular’ Reactors” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/science/earth/13nuke.html?_r=3, SEH) The Obama administration’s 2012 budget proposal will include a request for money to help develop
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an executive order to reduce its carbon footprint by 28 percent by 2020.
No comebacks, especially for Romney
Uygur, 10-1
Cenyk Uygur, host of the young Turks on Current Tv, “This Election Is Already Over - Obama Has Won,” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cenk-uygur/obama-polls-lead_b_1927955.html There's another poll out today showing President Obama with a nine point lead in Ohio
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the books. It's over. President Obama will get re-elected. The result is locked in – debate proves
Downie 10/4
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/obama-lost-the-first-debate-but-he-will-still-win-the-election/2012/10/04/9c3b7eb8-0deb-11e2-bd1a-b868e65d57eb_blog.html¶ James Downie is a reporter-researcher at The New Republic. Previously, he worked at Foreign Policy, TIME, and Campus Progress. Born and raised in Washington, D.C., he graduated from Columbia University, where he edited its undergraduate news blog, The Bwog. Furthermore, most post-debate polling bumps come from previously undecided voters, of
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Romney, the path the race is stuck on ends with his defeat.
Energy is irrelevant
Wang 9/27/12
Herman, writer for The Barrel, a Platts energy forecasting blog, “Even with US gasoline prices at a higher number, energy isn’t a big deal in White House race,” http://blogs.platts.com/2012/09/27/energy_campaign/, AM The respected polling firm Gallup asked voters in August what the most important issue facing
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that it’s a high top-of-mind issue in the campaign.” The public loves nuclear—newest polling and be skeptical of their link authors Westenhaus 9/30/12
Brian, editor of the popular energy technology site New Energy and Fuel, “Confidence in Nuclear Power is on the Rise Again,” http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Confidence-in-Nuclear-Power-is-on-the-Rise-Again.html, AM The Nuclear Energy Institute announced a September telephone survey in a press release suggesting almost
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ready to build new nuclear power plants in the next decade if needed. DOD energy programs don’t link---conservative won’t oppose Davenport 12
Coral Davenport, energy and environment correspondent for National Journal. Prior to joining National Journal in 2010, Davenport covered energy and environment for Politico, and before that, for Congressional Quarterly. In 2010, she was a fellow with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting. From 2001 to 2004, Davenport worked in Athens, Greece, as a correspondent for numerous publications, including the Christian Science Monitor and USA Today, covering politics, economics, international relations and terrorism in southeastern Europe. She also covered the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, and was a contributing writer to the Fodor’s, Time Out, Eyewitness and Funseekers’ guidebook series. Davenport started her journalism career at the Daily Hampshire Gazette in Northampton, Massachusetts, after graduating from Smith College with a degree in English literature. National Journal, 2/10/12, White House Budget to Expand Clean-Energy Programs Through Pentagon, ProQuest The White House believes it has figured out how to get more money for clean
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1 billion on renewable energy and energy-efficiency programs across its departments. New Military Base Spending is popular
Bloomberg 9/4
(Danielle Ivory, “Virginia Leads Swing States at Risk Over Cliff: BGOV Barometer” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-04/virginia-leads-swing-states-at-risk-over-cliff-bgov-barometer.html, SHE) For some swing-state voters, the presidential election may come down to who
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because they derived less than 3 percent of their economy from federal contracts. China impact is just campaign rhetoric - history on our side
Agence France Presse 7/6/12
HEADLINE: China -- again the villain in US election Top Chinese leaders, increasingly wise to the ways of US politics, are understood
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enjoyed a state dinner at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Won`t change anything
Drezner 12
(Daniel, professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, “Romney: Year One” MAY 25, 2012, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/05/25/romney_year_one?page=full) DAY 1: The first day of a Romney presidency brings two major shifts in
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what happened when George W. Bush became president in 2001. Yawn. Won’t escalate
Drezner 8-29
Daniel is s professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and a senior editor at The National Interest, “Stephen Roach’s New Nightmare,” http://drezner.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/08/29/stephen_roachs_new_nightmare For the past decade, Stephen Roach has been the Eeyore of global economic analysis
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Roach's yarn is entertaining but not persuasive. ¶ Am I missing anything? |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Only smr’s solve the grid – renewables fail Charles Barton 11, founder of the Nuclear Green Revolution blog, MA in philosophy, “Future storm damage to the grid may carry unacceptable costs”, April 30, http://nucleargreen.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html Amory Lovins has long argued that the traditional grid is vulnerable to this sort of
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use of renewable electrical generation approaches may worsen rather than improved grid reliability. Super vulnerable
Mo et al 12
(Yilin Mo received the Bachelor of Engineering degree from Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2007. He is currently working towards the Ph.D. degree at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Tiffany Hyun-Jin Kim received the B.A. degree in computer science from University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, in 2002 and the M.S. degree in computer science from Yale University, New Haven, CT, in 2004. She is currently working towards the Ph.D. degree at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Kenneth Brancik completed a rigorous one year program in systems analysis at the former Grumman Data Information Systems in 1984 and an intensive two year program at Columbia University in the analysis and design of information systems in 1997. He received the M.S. degree in management and systems from New York University (NYU), New York, in 2002 and the Ph.D. degree in computing from Pace University, Dona Dickinson received the B.A. degree in industrial psychology from California State University, Heejo Lee received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in computer science and engineering from POSTECH, Pohang, Korea, Adrian Perrig received the Ph.D. degree in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University, Bruno Sinopoli received the Dr. Eng. degree from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, in 1998 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, “Cyber–Physical Security of a Smart Grid Infrastructure” “Proceedings of the IEEE” January 2012, Vol. 100, No. 1) A wide variety of motivations exist for launching an attack on the power grid,
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external access which in turn can lead to compromise and infection of components. Renewables don’t solve- DOD cheats
Sater 11
(Daniel, Research Fellow at Global Green USA’s Security and Sustainability Office in ¶ Washington, DC in the summer of 2011. He is a graduate student at the Frank Batten School of ¶ Leadership and Public Policy at the University of Virginia. Daniel holds a BA in Foreign Affairs ¶ from UVA and will receive his Master of Public Policy degree in May 2012. “Military Energy Security: Current Efforts and Future Solutions” http://www.globalgreen.org/docs/publication-185-1.pdf, SEH) In 2008, the DOD acquired 2.9% of its electricity from renewable
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DOD’s renewable energy use came from the purchase of certificates in 2007.¶ 39 Intermittency and land
Loudermilk 11
Micah J. Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy & Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 5/31/11, Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs, www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs&catid=116:content0411&Itemid=375 When discussing the energy security contributions offered by small nuclear reactors, it is not
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in fact prove instrumental to enabling the smart grid to become a reality.
Empirics
Andres and Breetz 11
Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf In recent years, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
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the prospects for addressing these critical vulnerabilities through small-scale nuclear plants. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Prices low and will stay that way Bloomberg 10/2
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-02/oil-drops-a-second-day-as-crude-stockpiles-advance-a-fourth-week.html ETB Oil fell to its lowest in four days after U.S. crude stockpiles
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side, but from a fundamental point of view there’s more downward pressure.” Below 90$ AP 10/5
http://www.masslive.com/business-news/index.ssf/2012/10/oil_prices_fall_but_gas_prices_rises.html ¶ Oil fell 2 percent Friday as traders fretted that jobs aren’t growing fast enough in the U.S. to significantly boost demand for fuel. Benchmark oil closed down $1.83 to $89.88 per barrel in New York. No impact to oil prices either way Mobius 9/25/2012
(Mark, executive chairman of the Templeton Emerging Markets Team.; “The next stage in Russia's economy,” The Edge Singapore – Lexis – Kurr) Higher prices don't necessarily help oil companies and, at the same time, low
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— but we don't think that's likely to happen in the near term. Plan increases oil prices Robertson ‘11
Joseph Robertson is a visiting instructor in Spanish language and humanities at Villanova University, where he is also the creator and coordinator of the GreenNOVAtion online community for environmentally sustainable projects, organizer of the ClimateTalks.info roundtable discussion series, and chair of the Technology Committee of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures. Through the Hot Spring Network, a social-networking innovation project aimed at brainstorming paradigm-shift solutions, he created and operates ProjectQuipu.net, a user-made global economic forum that seeks to find new ways to assess the real economic value of intangibles, and to propose generative policy solutions that empower individuals and communities, and foster a more democratic, more open economy. He also runs another Hot Spring project, Futurismo Verde, a Spanish-language publication focused on ecological economics, sustainability and innovation. http://www.casavaria.com/hotspring/2011/10/20/1474/nuclear-power-offshore-drilling-may-keep-oil-prices-artificially-high/ ETB With both offshore drilling and new nuclear construction likely to delay the infusion of new
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expansion of national infrastructure for renewable resources, like wind and solar power. Alt energy inevitable and multiple alt causes to Russian econ KHRUSHCHEVA ‘8 (Nina L. Khrushcheva is an associate professor of international affairs at the New School, Chronicle of Higher Education, 9-5)
That scenario, however, is unlikely. The unstable conditions that are stoking Russia's
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alternative solutions to the world's dependence on oil and gas will be found. No brink- if prices are high enough now to sustain Russia economy there is no a reason a few dollar drop would kill it No Russian econ impact-
A) won’t change foreign policy Blackwill ‘9 – former associate dean of the Kennedy School of Government and Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Planning (Robert, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution”, http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf, WEA)
Now on to Russia. Again, five years from today. Did the global
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are likely to be changed in any serious way by the economic crisis.
B. It’s resilient Heilprin 11 – AP Report (John, “Putin says Russia economy recovering, still below pre-global financial crisis level” June 15, 2011 http://www.startribune.com/world/123913759.html)
GENEVA - Russia's economy is recovering, but remains well below the level it was
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young mothers, disabled workers and people with health problems as it recovers. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Microgrids don’t solve- turn off the renewables during outages Sater 11
(Daniel, Research Fellow at Global Green USA’s Security and Sustainability Office in ¶ Washington, DC in the summer of 2011. He is a graduate student at the Frank Batten School of ¶ Leadership and Public Policy at the University of Virginia. Daniel holds a BA in Foreign Affairs ¶ from UVA and will receive his Master of Public Policy degree in May 2012. “Military Energy Security: Current Efforts and Future Solutions” http://www.globalgreen.org/docs/publication-185-1.pdf, SEH) Microgrids are not without their drawbacks. Similar to the problems with the departing load
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. According to the GAO, four out of five installations it visited. Only SMRS solves readiness Pfeffer and Macon 1
(Robert A, physical scientist at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency in Springfield, Virginia, working on nuclear weapons effects. He is a graduate of Trinity University and has a master's degree in physics from The Johns Hopkins University, William A, a project manager at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. He was formerly the acting Army Reactor Program Manager at the Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency. He is a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy and has a master's degree in nuclear engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Nuclear Power: An Option for the Army's Future” http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/SepOct01/MS684.htm, SEH) Military Realities¶ Today, the military faces several post-Cold War realities.
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programs to develop modern nuclear power sources for use in the 21st century. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Alt energy inevitable and multiple alt causes to Russian econ KHRUSHCHEVA ‘8 (Nina L. Khrushcheva is an associate professor of international affairs at the New School, Chronicle of Higher Education, 9-5)
That scenario, however, is unlikely. The unstable conditions that are stoking Russia's
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alternative solutions to the world's dependence on oil and gas will be found. Russia econ is resilient – stock market
Mobius 9/25/2012
(Mark, executive chairman of the Templeton Emerging Mark ets Team.; “The next stage in Russia's economy,” The Edge Singapore – Lexis – Kurr)
Russia's stock market and investment climate In the early 1990s, Russia's stock market was
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again. I look forward to the next stage of Russia's economic evolution. Even if economic crisis causes political crisis, it won’t escalate—the 1998 crisis proves
David Kotz, teaches economics at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Nov/Dec 1998, http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Economics/CapitalistCollapse_Russia.html
Despite the unprecedented economic depression, until recently Russian bankers kept getting richer and the
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support evaporating, had to contend with an emboldened opposition in the parliament. Downward prices pressure now due to supply cushion- supply disruptions irrelevant Davis 10/5
Philip R. Davis is a founder of Phil's Stock World (www.philstockworld.com), a stock and options trading site that teaches the art of options trading to newcomers and devises advanced strategies for expert traders. Mr. Davis is a serial entrepreneur, having founded software company Accu-Title, a real estate title insurance software solution, and is also the President of the Delphi Consulting Corp., an MandA consulting firm that helps large and small companies obtain funding and close deals. He was also the founder of Accu-Search, a property data corporation that was sold to DataTrace in 2004 and Personality Plus, a precursor to eHarmony.com.
http://seekingalpha.com/article/907951-why-oil-prices-are-low-and-staying-that-way I think oil is suffering from the stuffed strip at the NYMEX, the supply
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prices higher when a 150Kbd Nigerian pipeline goes down for a few days. Downward pressure now- their ev doesn’t assume slowing demand Seeking Alpha 10/5
http://seekingalpha.com/article/906611-etf-opportunity-in-the-undervalued-natural-resources-sector European Central Bank president Mario Draghi's promise in late July to do "whatever it
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put downward pressure on oil prices and many of the fund's energy holdings. Alt energy inevitable and multiple alt causes to Russian econ KHRUSHCHEVA ‘8 (Nina L. Khrushcheva is an associate professor of international affairs at the New School, Chronicle of Higher Education, 9-5)
That scenario, however, is unlikely. The unstable conditions that are stoking Russia's
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alternative solutions to the world's dependence on oil and gas will be found. They’re own ev says russia’s economy is resilient and recovers from crisis- here’s more ev Heilprin 11 – AP Report (John, “Putin says Russia economy recovering, still below pre-global financial crisis level” June 15, 2011 http://www.startribune.com/world/123913759.html)
GENEVA - Russia's economy is recovering, but remains well below the level it was
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young mothers, disabled workers and people with health problems as it recovers. Give Russia war zero probability – politics, military superiority, economic concerns, and nuclear security
Graham 2007
(Thomas, Russia in Global Affairs, "The dialectics of strength and weakness", http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1129.html, WEA)
An astute historian of Russia, Martin Malia, wrote several years ago that “
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while laying the basis for more constructive long-term relations with Russia. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Prolif impacts outweigh the K and flip ethics Ford 11
Chris Ford, Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C. He previously served as U.S. Special Representative for Nuclear Nonproliferation, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, and General Counsel to the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 1/10/11, Havea and Have-Nots: "Unfairness in nuclear Weapons possession," www.newparadigmsforum.com/NPFtestsite/?p=658
¶ First, however, let’s provide some context. As I noted above,
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there are more important considerations in play. Let us not forget this. Alt will be co-opted to support nationalist and exclusionary politics—India proves
Biswas 1
Shampa Biswas, Whitman College Politics Professor, December 2001, “Nuclear apartheid" as political position: race as a postcolonial resource?, Alternatives 26.4 The enunciation of the nuclear-apartheid argument by Indian political leaders in the name
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by such sanctions (i.e., the marginalized groups in society). |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
. We Meet Rosner and Goldberg 11
(Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director, Argonne National Laboratory Senior Fellow, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago Research Coordinator, Global Nuclear Future Initiative American Academy of Arts and Sciences, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.” Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, http://csis.org/files/attachments/111129_SMR_White_Paper.pdf The Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorized a production tax credit of $18/
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400 MW in credits is available for other nuclear projects, including SMRs.
DoE just massively increased SMR incentives, but it fails
DoD Energy Blog, 2/16/11, Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power, dodenergy.blogspot.com/2011/02/good-things-in-small-packagessmall.html They conclude that DOD should lead the charge for small reactors to meet their own
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be left behind as we have been with other alternative energy production means. 2. Counter Interpretation- Increase can be from zero. WORDS AND PHRASES 7
CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENTARY PAMPHLET, Vol. 20A, 07, 76.
Increase: Salary change of from zero to $12,000 and $1,200 annually for mayor and councilmen respectively was an “increase” in salary and not merely the fixing of salary. King v. Herron, 243 S.E.2d36, 241 Ga. 5. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Plan solves multiple scenarios for extinction- Life should be valued as apriori – it precedes the ability to value anything else Amien Kacou. 2008. WHY EVEN MIND? On The A Priori Value Of “Life”, Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol 4, No 1-2 (2008) cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/92/184
Furthermore, that manner of finding things good that is in pleasure can certainly not
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and desire. Perhaps, our inquiry should be a bit more complex. Managerialism is necessary to prevent global extinction –processes of environmental destruction are unstoppable without intervention
Dr Neil Levy 1999. Fellow of the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University. “Discourses of the Environment” p. 215
If the ‘technological fix’ is unlikely to be more successful than strategies of limitation
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and of those with whom we share this planet, will be decided. Reject calls to abandon science and the Enlightenment – the alt ensures their impacts are inevitable. Only by reforming the usages of technology can we avoid the form of modernism that resulted in the Holocaust
Curtler 1997 (Hugh Mercer, Prof. Phil. – Southwest State U. “Rediscovering values: coming to terms with Postmodernism”, Netlibrary, p. 164-165)
At the same time, we must beware the temptation to reject out of hand
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the face of hysteria. There are additional problems with postmodernism, however. ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITIZATION KEY TO HUMAN SURVIVAL AND INCENTIVIZE CONSERVATION. CHALECKI ‘7
Elizabeth, “environmental security: a case study of climate change”, pacific institute for studies in development, environment and safety, Asst. Professor in the International Studies Program at Boston Collegehttp://www.pacinst.org/reports/environment_and_security/env_security_and_climate_change.pdf
The security of individuals, communities, nations, and the entire global community is
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This makes global environmental conditions a legitimate national security concern for all countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITIZATION IS KEY TO MOBILIZE COMPLACENT ELITES TO ACT ON LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES TO ENABLE SURVIVAL. Dojčanova ‘12
Lenka, Applicability of Securitization Theory to Environmental Security, MA Environmental Studies Uppsala university According to the CS, the emergency action (called also the extraordinary or emergency
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a fundamental weakness. These two problems are discussed in the following section. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Ontology has no political impact
Srnicek 09 Nick, Ph.D Candidate in International Relations @ the London School of Economics, “Notes on Ontology and Politics,” http://accursedshare.blogspot.com/2009/01/some-notes-on-ontology-and-politics.html It seems to me that one of the most contentious and unremarked upon effects of
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an ontological category, its political content is entirely underdetermined by ontological reasoning.) Only by combining methods can we avoid fragmentation and facilitate real political change to prevent planetary extinction – even if the perm risks cooption the apocalyptic imagery of the aff is rejuvenating to ecocriticism
JL Schatz. 2012. Professor of English and Feminist Evolutionary Studies and Director of Debate at Binghamton University. The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-Of-The-World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism. Journal of Ecocriticism: A New Journal of Nature, Society and Literature. 4(2) There are three things ecocriticism must keep in mind to retain its effectiveness in the
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the world that we will be able to envision how to save it. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Bioterror outweighs a nuclear attack – psychological, economic impact and ease of spread Lilliefors ‘12
(James Lilliefors is a longtime journalist and writer, Lilliefors has written frequently for the Washington Post, the Miami Herald, The Boston Globe and the Baltimore Sun. He started his journalism career as a writer and editor for Runner's World magazine and worked for many years as a newspaper editor and reporter, in Maryland and in Florida, winning a number of reporting awards. He also has extensively explored the issue of biological weapons research in his novel Viral. “Bio-weapons 40 years later: Are we any safer?” APRIL 10, 2012 accessed online August 25, 2012 at http://www.sohopress.com/bio-weapons-40-years-later-are-we-any-safer/442/) As many as a dozen other nations have pursued or developed offensive biological weapons programs
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it’s a pandemic like H1N1 or a terrorist threat or a terrible disease.”
Biological weapons are the deadliest and easiest to use – New antibiotic immune strains and unmonitored labs Akram ‘12
(Munir Akram is a former Pakistan ambassador to the UN. “Nuclear terror” accessed online August 24, 2012 at http://dawn.com/2012/06/24/nuclear-terror/) Extensive bureaucratic and military machinery has been created within governments and at the UN to
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the brink of nuclear catastrophe. We continue to live with nuclear terror. Bioweapons knowledge is widely dispersed Loeb 9
Cheryl Loeb, (Research Associate, National Defense U.), JIHADISTS AND WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, 2009, 154.
Key to countering future biological weapons terrorism is developing an understanding of the threat as
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with this increasing revolution in life sciences only makes the threat more prevalent. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Modernization budget will be cut now - Mandated cuts Weisgerber 2/12
(Marcus Weisgerber of Defense News which is a global newsweekly on politics, business and technology of defense. Defense News serves an audience of senior military, government and industry decision-makers throughout the world “2013 DoD Modernization Budget Falls 7% Below Prior Projections” Feb. 12, 2012 - 11:36AM http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120212/DEFREG02/302120003/2013-DoD-Modernization-Budget-Falls-7-Below-Prior-Projections, TSW) The Pentagon has proposed slashing its 2013 modernization budget more than 7 percent from its
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RandD nearly the same amount the Pentagon asked for in 2012.
Alt causes to Middle East presence – this evidence is on fire
Gvosdev, Naval War College, 7/20 – former editor of National Interest, faculty of Navy War College, foreign policy commentator Nikolas K., 7/20/2012, World Politics Review, “The Realist Prism: Putting Out Mideast Fires Will Delay US Asia Pivot,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12178/the-realist-prism-putting-out-mideast-fires-will-delay-u-s-asia-pivot It looks like the vaunted U.S. pivot to Asia is going to be delayed.AND
even as the United States remains deeply engaged in the Middle East. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
War fuels structural violence, not the other way around
Goldstein 2001. IR professor at American University (Joshua, War and Gender, p. 412, Google Books) First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working
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on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. The alternative locks in the war system – infinite number of non-falsifiable ‘root causes’ means only incentive theory solves
Moore ’04 – Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, John Norton Moore, pages 41-2.
If major interstate war is predominantly a product of a synergy between a potential nondemocratic
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are useful if they reflect the real world better than previously held paradigms.
In the complex world of foreign affairs and the war puzzle, perfection is unlikely. No general construct will fit all cases even in the restricted category of "major interstate war"; there are simply too many variables. We should insist, however, on testing against the real world and on results that suggest enhanced usefulness over other constructs. In testing the hypothesis, we can test it for consistency with major wars; that is, in looking, for example, at the principal interstate wars in the twentieth century, did they present both a nondemocratic aggressor and an absence of effective deterrence?' And although it is by itself not going to prove causation, we might also want to test the hypothesis against settings of potential wars that did not occur. That is, in nonwar settings, was there an absence of at least one element of the synergy? We might also ask questions about the effect of changes on the international system in either element of the synergy; that is, what, in general, happens when a totalitarian state makes a transition to stable democracy or vice versa? And what, in general, happens when levels of deterrence are dramatically increased or decreased? Imperialism is key to stop war, terrorism and disease spread
Niall Ferguson. 2004. Historian @ NYU, COLLOSSAS: THE PRICE OF AMERICA’S EMPIRE, pp. 24-5 Unlike the majority of European writers who have written on this subject, I am
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correct themselves. They require the imposition of some kind of external authority. Imperialism is key to stop genocide – anti-imperialism guarantees inaction Marko Attila Hoare 2006. Advisory Editor of Democratiya. Formerly a Research Fellow in the Faculty of History, University of Cambridge, he is now a Senior Research Fellow at Kingston University, London. He is the author of How Bosnia Armed, a short history of the Bosnian Army, published by Saqi Books in 2004. “Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of its Enemies.” Democratiya 2006
Anti-imperialism is based on a demonstrable falsehood – that Western military intervention always
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quo and defend the fascists and persecutors from ‘Western military intervention.’ |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: - Don’t solve
a. States can’t force DoD policy
b. States don’t have legal authority over military bases- they are enclaves
Tymkovich 12
(Seymour, Circuit Judge, “ALLISON v. BOEING LASER TECHNICAL SERVICES” http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=In%20FCO%2020120810042.xmlanddocbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR, SEH) Under a body of constitutional law applicable to federal enclaves, U.S.
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law was expressly adopted by the enclave's new sovereign, the federal government. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Current SMR technology is well established- Navy ships Freed 10
(Josh, Director of the Third Way Clean Energy Program, Elizabeth Horwitz is a Policy Advisor at Third Way’s Clean Energy ¶ Program, Jeremy Ershow was formerly a Policy ¶ Advisor at Third Way, “Thinking Small On Nuclear Power” http://content.thirdway.org/publications/340/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Thinking_Small_On_Nuclear_Power.pdf, SEH) The light water technology that current SMRs use is well-established; ¶ American manufacturers have designed and built small, light water reactors for ¶ 60 years to fuel the Navy’s carriers and submarines.¶ 29¶ While advanced reactor ¶ technology is further off, innovation is necessary to complete the transition to ¶ clean energy. Advanced reactor technologies are promising technologies that ¶ we need to invest in today DOE has already laid ground work Green Car Congress ’12
(Green Car Congress. DOE Announces Small Modular Reactor Technology Partnerships At Savannah River Site. March 2, 2012. Accessed online September 15, 2012 http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html-http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/03/smr-20120302.html) The US Energy Department (DOE) and its Savannah River Site (SRS)
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while providing these nuclear companies with the resources to support effective deployment plans. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Prior focus on ontology causes paralysis – having “good enough knowledge” is a sufficient condition for action Kratochwil 8
Kratochwil, professor of international relations – European University Institute, ‘8
(Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213) The lesson seems clear. Even at the danger of “fuzzy boundaries”, when
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Besides, “timing” seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.
Life should be valued as apriori – it precedes the ability to value anything else Kacou 8
Amien Kacou. 2008. WHY EVEN MIND? On The A Priori Value Of “Life”, Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol 4, No 1-2 (2008) cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/92/184 Furthermore, that manner of finding things good that is in pleasure can certainly not
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and desire. Perhaps, our inquiry should be a bit more complex. Nuke war kills plants and animals Krieger 4/30/12
(David, holds MA and Ph.D. degrees in ¶ political science from the University of Hawaii as well as a J.D. from the Santa Barbara ¶ College of Law, Assistant professor at University of Hawaii, founder of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and has served as its ¶ president since 1982. He is a councilor on the World Future Council, chair of the Executive ¶ Committee of the International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsibility, ¶ and a member of the Executive Committee of the Middle Powers Initiative. “NUCLEAR WEAPONS¶ AND A¶ SUSTAINABLE FUTURE” Nuclear Peace Foundation, http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/resources/publications/2012_prepcom.pdf, SEH) Nuclear war would preclude a sustainable future. It would destroy the global environment,
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states fulfill their obligations for good faith negotiations ¶ for complete nuclear disarmament. Managerialism is necessary to prevent global extinction –processes of environmental destruction are unstoppable without intervention Levy 99
Dr Neil Levy 1999. Fellow of the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University. “Discourses of the Environment” p. 215 If the ‘technological fix’ is unlikely to be more successful than strategies of limitation
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and of those with whom we share this planet, will be decided.
Technological thought has been socialized, internalized, and can’t be eradicated Leach 3
date page modified (Neil, Professor at the University of Southern California, “Forget Heidegger”, August 15, http://www.china-designer.com/magazine/leach/txt1.htm) Adorno's further example of the car reveals how the technological has come to colonise our
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of the past. It is time, perhaps, to forget Heidegger. The alt is violent, causes passivity, and makes exploitation worse
Graham ‘99
(Phil, Graduate School of Management, University of Queensland, Heidegger’s Hippies: A dissenting voice on the “problem of the subject” in cyberspace, Identities in Action! 1999, http://www.philgraham.net/HH_conf.pdf) Societies should get worried when Wagner’s music becomes popular because it usually means that distorted
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which “subjective death” and ontology are the least of all worries. Worst-case scenarios calculate for the sake of responsibility – mobilization is key to effective to political movements that prevent the worst forms of their impact
Michael Williams, Professor of International Politics – U. Wales, Aberystwyth, ‘5
(The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations p. 165-7) Moreover, the links between sceptical realism and prevalent post-modern themes go more
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addressed by retreating yet again into further reversals of the same old dicohotomies. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Anthropocentrism is inevitable and good—the alternative links to the critique and makes it impossible to protect the biosphere. Grey 1993 — William Grey, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland, 1993 (“Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology,” Australiasian Journal of Philosophy, Volume 71, Number 4, Available Online at http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html, Accessed 07-27-2011) The attempt to provide a genuinely non-anthropocentric set of values, or preferences
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, and ourselves, going for a few more cosmic seconds 10.
Even if they win we just cause human death it still outweighs and turns their impact—human moral evolution will inevitably lead to an end to speciesism—If humans survive, we can ensure that animals and the earth survive J. G. Matheny, Ph. D. candidate, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, December 6, 2007, “Ought we worry about human extinction?,” online: http://jgmatheny.org/extinctionethics.htm Moral philosophers have not written much about human extinction. This may be because they
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, humanity is the animal kingdom’s best long-term hope for survival. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wyoming BF | Judge: Brazil is developing a nuclear sub based on a threshold fuel- gives nuclear breakout capacity- and they want a bombSantoro ’12
~David Santoro is senior fellow for nonproliferation and disarmament at Pacific Forum CSIS, where he directs the Forum’s various nuclear programs and conducts work on arms control, disarmament, deterrence, nonproliferation, and nuclear security and safety. Slaying the Nuclear Dragon: Disarmament Dynamics in the Twenty-First Century (Google eBook). pp 157-159. ETB~ Brazil’s plan for nuclear submarines has been another potential challenge to global nuclear disarmament.
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, "Brazil will light fire to the NPT and they will test." Brazilian HEU naval propulsion is a cover for a nuclear weapons program- Brazilian prolif is rapid and highly likely- and it destroys the Latin American NWFZRühle ’10
~Hans Rühle, a leading German security expert and former director of the planning department of the German Defense Ministry between 1982 and 1988. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nuclear-proliferation-in-latin-america-is-brazil-developing-the-bomb-a-693336.html-http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nuclear-proliferation-in-latin-america-is-brazil-developing-the-bomb-a-693336.html ETB~ Lula da Silva’s self-confidence is indicative of Brazil’s claim to the status of
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— and Obama’s vision of a nuclear-free world would be finished. Forman ’12
~Johanna Mendelson Forman, J.D., Ph.D. is a Senior Associate with the CSIS Americas Program. http://www.voxxi.com/nuclear-weapons-brazil-nukes-option/~~%23ixzz2NMUGTrid ETB~ In the final analysis, we should never forget that a region without nuclear weapons
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. That would be the way to get respect from the major powers. Shifter 12
Michael is the President of Inter-American Dialogue. "Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America," April, IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf-http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf There are compelling reasons for the United States and Latin America to pursue more robust
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—both from the United States and from Latin America and the Caribbean. Stalcup ’12
~Travis C. Stalcup is a George and Barbara Bush Fellow at the George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A%26M University. http://journal.georgetown.edu/2012/10/10/what-is-brazil-up-to-with-its-nuclear-policy-by-travis-stalcup/-http://journal.georgetown.edu/2012/10/10/what-is-brazil-up-to-with-its-nuclear-policy-by-travis-stalcup/ ETB~ What is Brazil up to? That is the question national security planners should be
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pursuit of nuclear propulsion technology should give American policymakers and nonproliferation analysts pause. US leadership in Latin America necessary to contain escalatory instability and make international institutions effectiveChristopher Sabatini, editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly and senior director of policy at Americas Society/Council of the Americas, and Ryan Berger, policy associate at the Americas Society/Council of the Americas, 6/13/2012, Why the U.S. can’t afford to ignore Latin America, globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/13/why-the-u-s-cant-afford-to-ignore-latin-america/ Speaking in Santiago, Chile, in March of last year, President Obama called
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S. "backyard" that is outside broader, global strategic concerns. Manwaring ’5 (Max G., Retired U.S. Army colonel and an Adjunct Professor of International Politics at Dickinson College, venezuela’s hugo chávez, bolivarian socialism, and asymmetric warfare, October 2005, pg. PUB628.pdf) President Chávez also understands that the process leading to state failure is the most dangerous
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and their associated problems endanger global security, peace, and prosperity.65 Rochlin ’94 (James Francis, Prof. Pol. Sci. @ Okanagan University College, "Discovering the Americas: the evolution of Canadian foreign policy towards Latin America", p. 130-131) While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security considerations were
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, such as Contadora, as will be discussed in the next chapter. Barnett 11
Thomas P.M. Barnett is Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis %26 Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, March 7th, 2011, "The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads," http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads It is worth first examining the larger picture: We live in a time of
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in all of its forms, deeply embedded in the geometry to come. Ward ’11
~Rebecca, Stanton Nuclear Security Predoctoral Fellow, International Security Program/Project on Managing the Atom. http://www.heuphaseout.org/ ETB~ The topic of naval reactor conversion is of particular interest because it represents a military
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eventually implementing the terms of a proposed Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty (FMCT). Global nuclear renaissance is happening now and is inevitable- these trends make the timing right for the passage of the FMCTPandey ’12
~Ms¶ Hina Pandey¶ is a¶ ¶ Research Associate at the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi. "The Fissile Missile Cutoff Treaty: A Debate In Perpetuity." AIR POWER¶ Journal Vol. 7 No. 2, SUMMER 2012 (April-June¶ ). ETB~ The dawn of the 21st¶ century was filled with narratives of a nuclear rennaissance
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for military purposes, it¶ reduces its availability for proliferators to divert. Conversion to naval LEU prompts new FMCT negotiations and is key to verification and preventing breakout prolif capacityMaerli ’2
~Morten Bremer Maerli, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. "Components of Naval Nuclear Fuel Transparency." ETB~ Naval nuclear stockpiles outside the nuclear weapon states may also constitute a potential ¶ problem
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.g. naval uses) must comprise part of the ¶ agreement. Nisa 12/14/12
~Waqar-un-Nisa. The Frontier Post. http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/197055/-http://www.thefrontierpost.com/article/197055/ ETB~ Pakistan became the focus of criticism by the international community for blocking the negotiations for
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clearly stated that it is not going to compromise over its principled position. India 3/12/13
~Statement by India on FMCT in the CD Plenary¶ March 12, 2013. http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/3A0847E2BD5BA9CDC1257B2D002D9E07/%24file/1282IndiaFMCT.pdf-http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/3A0847E2BD5BA9CDC1257B2D002D9E07/%24file/1282IndiaFMCT.pdf ETB~ We would like to begin by reiterating India’s support for the early ¶ commencement of
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member of the international ¶ community and will approach FMCT negotiations as such. Kazmi ’11
~Zahir, master’s student at the Strategic and Nuclear Studies Department of the National Defence University, Islamabad. http://tribune.com.pk/story/237766/pakistan-us-and-the-fmct/-http://tribune.com.pk/story/237766/pakistan-us-and-the-fmct/ ETB~ The US contends that it has garnered P-5 support, especially China’s,
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US sentiment and even the goodwill American aid to the seminaries may fail. An FMCT sends a signal of restraint and deescalates the conflictDunn 99
, Director of the Center for Global Security and Cooperation, 1999
(Dr. Lewis, "A FMCT: Can We Get from Here to There?," http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/fmct/2e-dunn.pdf ) Perhaps paradoxically, the testing of nuclear weapons by¶ India and Pakistan in May
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off could help lessen domestic¶ and bureaucratic pressures to "do more". Hundley, 9/5/2012 (Tom – Pulitzer Center staff, Pakistan and India: Race to the End, Pulitzer Center, p. http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/pakistan-nuclear-weapons-battlefield-india-arms-race-energy-cold-war-http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/pakistan-nuclear-weapons-battlefield-india-arms-race-energy-cold-war)
Nevertheless, military analysts from both countries still say that a nuclear exchange triggered by
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it, but neither seems able to slow their dangerous race to annihilation. Preez 4
Du Preez, Director of the International Organizations and Nonproliferation Program (IONP) at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) and Senior Lecturer at the Graduate School for International Policy Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies., 2004 The physical security of fissile materials and their production facilities has¶ become increasingly important
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require the establishment of a physical protection inspection service within the IAEA51¶ .¶ Nuclear terrorism is probable and causes extinctionHellman 8
~Martin E. Hellman, emeritus prof of engineering @ Stanford, "Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence" SPRING 2008 THE BENT OF TAU BETA PI, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf-http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf~~ The threat of nuclear terrorism looms much larger in the public’s mind than the threat
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assume that preventing World War III is a necessity—not an option. Nikitin et al. 2012
(Mary Beth Nikitin, Coordinator, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division. Congressional Research Service. Also contributing from that division were Marie Parillo and Sharon Squassoni. Also contirbuting were Anthony Andrews and Mark Holt, Resources, Science, and Industry Division, Congressional Research Service. "Managing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Policy Implications of Expanding Global Access to Nuclear Power, October 19/2012, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34234_20121019.pdf-http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34234_20121019.pdf) As in the past, the success of current proposals may depend on whether nuclear
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, ¶ any such treaty would require Senate advice and consent to ratification. Combined FMCT and fuel bank solves Iran prolifAckerman 09 (Gary is part of the Presidential Task Force on Iranian Proliferation, Regional Security, and U.S. Policy, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, "Preventing a Cascade of Instability: U.S. Engagement to Check Iranian Nuclear Progress," March, p. 7)
At the same time that it steps up pressure on Iran, the United States
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Iran is more likely to accept their vigorous application to Iran as well. Iranian nuclearization sparks global prolif guaranteeing miscalc and nuclear warAckerman 09 (Gary is part of the Presidential Task Force on Iranian Proliferation, Regional Security, and U.S. Policy, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, "Preventing a Cascade of Instability: U.S. Engagement to Check Iranian Nuclear Progress," March, p. 2) If Iran "gets away" at low cost with years of safeguards violations and
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by creating the impression that the military nuclearization of the region is inevitable. USIP ’12
~United States Institute of Peace. http://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2012/dec/13/us-intelligence-iran-key-future-mideast-stability-0-http://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2012/dec/13/us-intelligence-iran-key-future-mideast-stability-0 ETB~ THE MIDDLE EAST: AT A TIPPING POINT¶ The future of the Middle East
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increase, spilling over to create far-reaching instability outside the region. Impact’s global nuclear and biological warBlake 11
(Heidi Blake, WikiLeaks: tension in the Middle East and Asia has ’direct potential’ to lead to nuclear war, The Telegraph, Feb 2, 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8298427/WikiLeaks-tension-in-the-Middle-East-and-Asia-has-direct-potential-to-lead-to-nuclear-war.html) Tension in the Middle East and Asia has given rise to an escalating atomic arms
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nervous system in under a minute if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Ending naval HEU solves- allows the FMCT to cover existing HEU stocks and leads to stockpile reductions. US conversion is feasible and provides a global leadership model.Zhang ’5
~Hui Zhang , Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. "Preventing Nuclear Terrorism:
Reducing the Danger of Highly Enriched Uranium." ETB~ There have been some thefts of Russian HEU naval fuel. While such danger has
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be fueled with LEU without ¶ decreasing the lifetime of the core.31 Pandey ’12
~Ms¶ Hina Pandey¶ is a¶ ¶ Research Associate at the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi. "The Fissile Missile Cutoff Treaty: A Debate In Perpetuity." AIR POWER¶ Journal Vol. 7 No. 2, SUMMER 2012 (April-June¶ ). ETB~ In international politics, the behaviour of the big powers matters. It matters not
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future, which the other states might be¶ expected to abide by. von Hippel ’12
~Frank von Hippel, co-chair, International Panel on Fissile Materials, Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton University. "Preventing Nuclear-explosive Terrorism by Eliminating Fissile Material: A Progress Report." ETB~ The U.S. fabricates an average of about 2 tons of weapon-
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will be difficult to detect governmental diversion of HEU from naval fuel cycles. Reif 2/11/13
~Kingston Reif is the Director of Nuclear Non-Proliferation at the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, where his work focuses on arms control, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear weapons, and preventing nuclear terrorism. http://armscontrolcenter.org/publications/factsheets/071509_factsheet_fmct/-http://armscontrolcenter.org/publications/factsheets/071509_factsheet_fmct/ ETB~ Within the United States, bipartisan support exists for a verifiable FMCT. Both the bipartisan Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States and the Council on Foreign Relations Task Force on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy endorsed a verifiable treaty that ends the production of fissile material for weapons purposes. In a June 3, 2009 Senate floor statement, Senator McCain again endorsed a FMCT. The United States Navy should acquire, through advance appropriations, low-enriched-uranium fueled nuclear reactors for use on commissioned nuclear powered naval vessels and planned acquisitions of nuclear powered naval vessels. Retrofitting the fleet to LEU is feasible, solves operational challenges, and complies with non-use norms Harvey ’10
~Cole J. Harvey, Research Associate at Monterey Institute of International Studies. http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/expanding-nuclear-propulsion-challenges/ ETB~ Since current U.S. submarine designs utilize weapons-grade HEU to pack
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cores while still complying with an international norm against the use of HEU. Nuke sub funding just passed==== The Day 3/22
http://www.theday.com/article/20130321/NWS09/130329923/1017-http://www.theday.com/article/20130321/NWS09/130329923/1017 ETB Courtney pointed out that a second submarine in 2014 initially was removed from this year’s
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of (the) next strategic deterrent submarine," EB official Poitras said. UPI 2/11/13
~http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2013/02/11/Navy-funds-nuclear-submarine-work/UPI-46491360611942/ ETB~ Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Operations Group Inc. has received two U.S.
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of the nuclear propulsion components to be manufactured for the Virginia class submarines. The New Fuelist 3/12
http://www.newfuelist.com/link/~~7kwn~~%23.UVSQmhzvv4Y-http://www.newfuelist.com/link/~7kwn ETB The US Department of Energy (DOE) issued a new funding opportunity announcement (
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, total funding for the selected project will be around %24462 million. Midwest Energy News 3/27
http://www.midwestenergynews.com/2013/03/27/renewed-interest-and-criticism-for-small-modular-reactors/-http://www.midwestenergynews.com/2013/03/27/renewed-interest-and-criticism-for-small-modular-reactors/ ETB A new, smaller breed of nuclear reactor that is being promoted by the Obama administration may offer some advantages over the larger reactors that now provide about 20 percent of the United States’ electricity, but critics say they also have the same drawbacks. . Ferguson 6
~Charles D., PhD Boston University, fellow of science and technology at CFR, professor at School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, lecturer at Johns Hopkins, "Preventing Catastrophic Nuclear Terrorism", Council On Foreign Relations, March~ Should terrorists obtain HEU or plutonium, they then confront the hurdle of¶ constructing
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12 The truly onerous barrier for ¶ nuclear terrorists is acquiring enough HEU.¶ |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wyoming BF | Judge: Goldberg ’12
Jeffrey Goldberg 1-23, Bloomberg View columnist and a national correspondent for the Atlantic, January 23, 2012, "How Iran Could Trigger Accidental Armageddon," online: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-24/how-iran-may-trigger-accidental-armageddon-commentary-by-jeffrey-goldberg.html
One of the
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, they might prove costly enough to deter Tehran. Bunn et al ’12
(Matthew Bunn is an Associate Professor of Public Policy at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy ¶ School of Government. Before coming to Harvard, Bunn served as an adviser to the White ¶ House Office of Science and Technology Policy, as a study director at the National Academy of ¶ Sciences, and as editor of Arms Control Today. He is the author or co-author of some 20 books or ¶ major technical reports, and over a hundred articles in publications ranging from Science to The ¶ Washington Post. He is an elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of ¶ Science; a recipient of the American Physical Society’s Joseph A. Burton Forum Award and the ¶ recipient of the Hans A. Bethe Award from the Federation of American Scientists. ¶ Eben Harrell is a Research Associate at the Project on Managing the Atom in the Belfer Center ¶ for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School. Harrell worked for four years ¶ in the London bureau of TIME magazine prior to joining HKS. He has also written for The ¶ Economist and Sports Illustrated and worked on the staff of The Scotsman newspaper in Edinburgh ¶ and The Aspen Times in Colorado. ¶ Martin B. Malin is the Executive Director of the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer ¶ Center. Prior to coming to the Kennedy School, Malin taught courses on international relations, ¶ American foreign policy, and Middle East politics at Columbia University, Barnard College, and ¶ Rutgers University. He also served as Director of the Program on Science and Global Security at ¶ the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. "Progress on ¶ Securing ¶ Nuclear Weapons ¶ and Materials: ¶ The Four-Year ¶ Effort and ¶ Beyond" March 2012 http://www.nuclearsummit.org/files/security_progress_report_2_482949862.pdf-http://www.nuclearsummit.org/files/security_progress_report_2_482949862.pdf, TSW) Russia has the world’s largest stockpiles of nuclear weapons, plutonium, and HEU,
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new goal of establishing an ¶ Islamic caliphate throughout the North Caucasus.23 Chechens will use nuclear terrorism against Moscow DOWLE 2005 (Mark, Teaches at the Graduate School of Journalism at Berkeley, California Monthly, September, http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2005/COVER_STORY-_Berkeleys_Big_Bang_Project_.asp) One thing was stressed. Moscow is a feasible target for a terrorist nuclear attack
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with al-Qaeda, which has expressed interest in obtaining a nuclear device Nuclear terrorism against Russia would cause nuclear retaliation against the U.S. DOWLE 2005 (Mark, Teaches at the Graduate School of Journalism at Berkeley, California Monthly, September, http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2005/COVER_STORY-_Berkeleys_Big_Bang_Project_.asp)
In the scenario presented by the BBP team, Vladimir Putin survives the attack.
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wars between longtime adversaries, or taking advantage of Russia’s weakened international position. States Jordan 7
(Michael, shares name with second best basketball player in history, Lawyer and partner at Gardere Wynne Sewell, LLP, "Texas MDL Judge: Ship Docked At Navy Yard Part Of ’Federal Enclave"" http://www.morganlewis.com/pubs/MealeysLitigationReport_TexasMDLJudge_16may07.pdf) The Texas Asbestos Multi-District Litigation (MDL)1¶ Judge, Hon
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¶ requisite for a state court’s jurisdiction over the cause ¶ of action. 50 state fiat is a voting issue- steals the 1ac while allowing the neg to skit around the lit base about fragmented implementation which is key to 2ac solvency deficits and offense, which makes debate impossible for the aff and kills clash- no solvency advocate in the context of nuclear subs proves it is unpredictable - also no rational decision maker could pick between the Navy and the States acting. Actor funding pics are a voting issue- steals the aff with no recourse because they could have any actor fund- lack of predictability prevents 2ac offense and solvency deficits and kills clash. Warwick 8
W.M. Warwick, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Dept. of Energy, 2008, Purchasing Renewable Power for the FederalSector: Basics, Barriers, and Possible Options, www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-16485.pdf To date, DOD has not used 10 USC 2394 or 10 USC 2922 (
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within a day), this process may be too unwieldy to be effective. Links to politics Kiely ’12 ~EUGENE KIELY-http://www.factcheck.org/author/eugene-kiely/, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org "Did Obama ’Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?" http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/~~ Who’s to blame, if that’s the right word, if the project ends up
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spending taxpayer money on Chinese firms to build U.S. bridges. No link uniqueness- nuke sub funding just passed, Navy is funding propulsion reactors now, DOE just increased SMR funding and Obama is pushing SMRs- that’s the 1ac uniqueness slayers*The Day 3/22, UPI 2/11, the New Fuelist 3/12, Midwest Energy News 3/27 King et al 11
(Marcus King, Associate Director of Research at The George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs LaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, "Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.
Military Installations" http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear%20Power%20on%20Military%20Installations%20D0023932%20A5.pdf-http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf, SEH) Recent surveys show that American public opinion has shifted toward¶ nuclear power. In survey results, those who say they favor nuclear¶ energy moved from 49 percent in 1983 to 74 percent in 2010 ~24~. In¶ 1984, 35 percent gave a high rating to the safety of nuclear plants;¶ today that number is 66 percent ~25~. Covert 12 Adrian is the Editorial Assistant at Gizmodo Magazine, "The US Government Is Banking on Small Nuclear Reactors for Future Energy", March 12, 2012, http://gizmodo.com/5890394/the-us-government-is-banking-on-small-nuclear-reactors-for-future-energy Ever since Fukushima, nuclear power has not been a warmly-received concept when
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Sure they may not generate Gigawatts, but Megawatts aren’t so bad either. Vespa 3-22
~Matt, Writer for NewsBusters, "CBS Political Director Now: Obama Shouldn’t Agitate GOP; Back in January: ’Go For The Throat,’ Mr. President" http://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/matt-vespa/2013/03/22/180-turn-cbs-political-director-says-obama-shouldnt-agitate-gop-said-go-~~ What happened in the interim? First, the president and the Democrats lost the
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will the media start to note openly that the emperor has no clothes. The Frontrunner 3-26
"Obama to Campaign Across the Country for Gun Measures," lexis The Hill (3/26, Sink, 21K) reports President Obama "
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across the country a little bit and talking about some of these issues." The Hill 3-24
"White House Moves to Let Pentagon take Over CIA armed Drones Sparks Concern," http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/policy-and-strategy/290049-white-house-plan-to-let-pentagon-take-over-cia-armed-drones-sparks-concern-http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/policy-and-strategy/290049-white-house-plan-to-let-pentagon-take-over-cia-armed-drones-sparks-concern A White House plan to make the administration’s armed drone program the sole domain of the Pentagon is creating concern among congressional lawmakers.¶ Senate Intelligence Committee Chairwoman Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) last week said lawmakers have closely monitored the intelligence community’s management of the drone program. She expressed confidence with the CIA’s handling of drone attacks, and questioned if the Defense Department (DOD) would exercise the same restraint with the controversial program. Bernstein 3-28
Jonathan is a Political Scientist and covers politics for the American Prospect, "The Real Reason Public Opinion Doesn’t Work," http://plainblogaboutpolitics.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-real-reason-public-opinion-doesnt.html-http://plainblogaboutpolitics.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-real-reason-public-opinion-doesnt.html At his remarks today touting support for background checks on guns, President Obama said
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action can make a difference. And it may not even take millions. Marshall and Prins ’11
Bryan W. MARSHALL AND PRINS 11, Miami University, Department of Political Science AND Brandon C. PRINS, University of Tennessee %26 Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, September 2011 "Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force", Presidential Studies Quarterly, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2011.03885.x/pdf, ~Stolarski~ Presidents rely heavily on Congress in converting their political capital into real policy success.
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made with an eye toward managing political capital at home (Fordham 2002). Miller 2k
(Morris, economist, adjunct professor in the University of Ottawa’s Faculty of Administration, consultant on international development issues, former Executive Director and Senior Economist at the World Bank, Winter, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. 25, Iss. 4, "Poverty as a cause of wars?" p. Proquest) The question may be reformulated. Do wars spring from a popular reaction to a
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by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another). Oliver ’9
Business columnist for the Star, a Canadian newspaper, "David Olive: Will the economy get worse?," http://www.thestar.com/printArticle/598050-http://www.thestar.com/printArticle/598050, AM Should we brace for another Great Depression? No. The notion is ludicrous.
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world economies seeking to emulate the Industrial Revolutions in China and South Asia. Wassener 9
Wassener, MSC in IR, 9—London School of Economics and Political Science, MSc , International Relations, Politics (Bettina, In Asia, a Derided Theory Returns, 1 July 2009, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFDE163EF932A35754C0A96F9C8B63-http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEFDE163EF932A35754C0A96F9C8B63) HONG KONG — For a while, when the global economic crisis was at its
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of Nomura said this difference was leading to a long-term shift. No warming impact - threat overestimated and adaption solvesMendelsohn 9
(Robert O. the Edwin Weyerhaeuser Davis Professor, Yale School of¶ Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, June 2009, "Climate Change and¶ Economic Growth," online: http://www.growthcommission.org/storage/cgdev/documents/¶ gcwp060web.pdf The heart of the debate about climate change comes from a number of warnings from
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range climate risks. What is needed are long-run balanced responses. AP 9
(Associated Press, Six Degree Temperature Rise by 2100 is Inevitable: UNEP, September 24, http://www.speedy-fit.co.uk/index2.php?option=com_content%26do_pdf=1%26id=168-http://www.speedy-fit.co.uk/index2.php?option=com_content%26do_pdf=1%26id=168)
Earth’s temperature is likely to jump six degrees between now and the end of the
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He said seas should rise about a foot every 20 to 25 years. Creates a race to the middle because we get to weigh case and they still get to run their epistemology and ontology arguments as long as the link them to plan implementation.Any other framework is infinitely regressive, moots the 1ac, and kills clash.Voting issue for fairness and educationAlt cant result in plan action- otherwise it moots the 1ac, forces us to debate against ourselves, and kills clash- voter for fairness and educationPerm- do the plan and the alt- expansion of nuclear power is increasing and inevitable in the squo due to energy demands and emissions concerns- that’s Pandey ’12. If the alt can overcome this than it can overcome the inclusion of the planLife should be valued as apriori – it precedes the ability to value anything else
Amien Kacou. 2008. WHY EVEN MIND? On The A Priori Value Of "Life", Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, Vol 4, No 1-2 (2008) cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/92/184
Furthermore, that manner of finding things good that is in pleasure can certainly not
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and desire. Perhaps, our inquiry should be a bit more complex. The alt results in more securitization and intervention Tara McCormack, 2010, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 127-129) The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
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the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. Prefer specific scenarios – even if we invoke some security logic, the fact that others will securitize means that we have to make worst-case assessments to avoid escalation Ole Waever, Senior Research Fellow – Copenhagen Peace Research Inst., 2K
(I. R. Theory %26 the Politics of European Integration, ed Kelstrup/Williams p. 282-285) The other main possibility is to stress responsibility. Particularly in a field like security
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that could lead to security dilemmas and escalations, violence and mutual vilification. Scenario planning is key to effective energy policy Geri and McNabb 2k11
Laurance R. Geri and David E. McNabb. 2011. teaches in the Masters Program in Public Administration (MPA) at Evergreen State. Energy Policy in the U.S.: Politics, Challenges, and Prospects for Change. p. 30 Energy planners were chastened by the failure to anticipate the oil embargo, and subsequent
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widely understood energy problem has yet to be presented, let alone adopted. Ravenal ’9
~Earl C. Ravenal, distinguished senior fellow in foreign policy studies @ Cato, is professor emeritus of the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. He is an expert on NATO, defense strategy, and the defense budget. He is the author of Designing Defense for a New World Order. What’s Empire Got to Do with It? The Derivation of America’s Foreign Policy." Critical Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Politics and Society 21.1 (2009) 21-75~ Quite expectedly, the more doctrinaire of the non-interventionists take pains to deny
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or to a lack of sufficient imagination to exploit opportunities for personal profit. Rejecting security allows private forces to fill in the security vacuum left by the state resulting in more violent forms of securitization
Loader and Walker 07 Ian and Neil, professor of criminology and Director of the center for Criminology at Oxford Professor of European Law European University Institute Florence , Civilizing Security, pg 22-25)
Today it cannot be assumed that the state remains pre-eminent in either authorizing
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the autonomy of human society. (Bauman and Tester 2001: 139) Empirically denied – no root cause of war
Greg Cashman. 2000. Professor of Political Science at Salisbury State University "What Causes war?: An introduction to theories of international conflict" pg. 9
Two warnings need to be issued at this point. First, while we have
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, but also a certain element of randomness or chance in their occurrence. Problem-solution impact is backwards—-acting with a flawed epistemology allows us to change that epistemology.
Harris 7 (Graham, Adjunct Prf. @ Centre for Environment University of Tasmania, Seeking Sustainability in an age of complexity p. 9-10) 1 am not going to address the global ’litany’ at length here. The arguments
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management. During this period new knowledge has been gained, ideas have changed (sometimes quite fundamentally) and there have been huge changes in government and social
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see themselves more as agents in relationships with society and less as observers. Empirically, hege explains great power peace Wohlforth 8—Daniel Webster Professor of Government, Dartmouth. BA in IR, MA in IR and MPhil and PhD in pol sci, Yale (William, Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War, October 2008, World Politics Vol. 61, Iss. 1; pg. 28, 31 pgs, Proquest)
Despite increasingly compelling findings concerning the importance of status seeking in human behavior, research
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are also consistent with power transition and other rationalist theories of hegemonic war. Reps don’t shape reality—focusing on them obscures material and political analysis which turns the criticismTuathail 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct) While theoretical debates at academic conferences are important to academics, the discourse and concerns
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needs to always be open to the patterned mess that is human history. Prolif impacts outweigh the K and flip ethics
Ford 11
Chris Ford, Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C. He previously served as U.S. Special Representative for Nuclear Nonproliferation, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, and General Counsel to the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 1/10/11, Havea and Have-Nots: "Unfairness in nuclear Weapons possession," www.newparadigmsforum.com/NPFtestsite/?p=658 First, however, let’s provide some context. As I noted above, it
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there are more important considerations in play. Let us not forget this. No risk of continual war making – institutional safeguards check
Allen Buchanan 7, Professor of Philosophy and Public Policy at Duke, 2007 (Preemption: military action and moral justification, pg. 128)
The intuitively plausible idea behind the ’irresponsible act’ argument is that, other things being
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decision is crucial. Because institutions can improve the epistemic performance of agents, it is critical to know what the institutional context of the preventive-war decision is, before we can regard the ’irresponsible agent’ objection as conclusive. Like the ’bad practice’ argument, this second objection to preventive war is inconclusive because it does not consider— and rule out—the possibility that well-designed institutions for decision-making could address the problems that would otherwise make it irresponsible for a leader to invoke the preventive-war justification. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kentucky GR | Judge:
Talks with Iran progressing, but work remains to be done
The New Zealand Herald 2-28
February 28, 2013 Thursday
The offer was … said in a statement.
Negotiated settlement is possible, but Khamenei wants more concessions, Next set of talks are key to Iranian judgment of US intentions
Karimi 3-7
NASSER AP Online, Associated Press
Iran's top leader … following those negotiations.
US use of HEU for naval propulsion provides cover for Iran to do the same- this uniquely increases Iranian leverage and undermines negotiations on denuclearization Thielman ‘12
Greg Thielmann, Senior Fellow @ Arms Control Association. “Submarine Nuclear Reactors: A Worsening Non-Proliferation Challenge.” ETB A¶ long submerged … of fissile material. Iranian HEU propulsion creates bargaining leverage that scuttles negotiations- triggers strikes and Middle East war Dahl ‘12
Fredrik, specialist correspondent at Reuters.. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/05/iran-nuclear-submarines-idUSL6E8I51HB20120705 ETB Iran's announcement that … United Services Institute, said. Israel holding off now, but talks failure lead to Israeli strikes The Daily Yomiuri(Tokyo) 3-23
At their latest summit meeting, top … refrain from using force. Military strikes will draw in Russia and China triggering regional war, economic collapse and nuclear World War III. Trabanco ‘9
Jose Trabanco, Independent researcher of geopolitical and military affairs with a degree in international relations @ Monterrey Institue of Tech and HIgher Studies, 13 January 2009 (The MIddle East Powder Keg Can Explode at Anytime, Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/ index.php?context=vaandaid=11762 ) China has become …of a powder keg. Economic collapse causes nuclear war Kemp 10
Geoffrey Kemp, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, p. 233-4
The second scenario, called … the planet’s population. Middle East war is highly probable and escalates rapidly- goes nuclear and biological- impact is extinction Russell ‘9
James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School. “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East.” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf ETB Strategic stability in …¶ risk for the entire world. Successful diplomacy puts Iran pragmatists in control of policy, solves prolif motives, stabilizes Middle East Takeyh 08
(Ray Takeyh, senior fellow in Middle East Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, 2/27/08, “ElBaradei is Quietly Managing to Disarm Iran,” Financial Times, http://www.cfr.org/publication/15605/)l It is a popular parlour … the way for success. Iran prolif increases risk of miscalculated nuke war which no defense assumes Goldberg ‘12
Jeffrey Goldberg 1-23, Bloomberg View columnist and a national correspondent for the Atlantic, January 23, 2012, “How Iran Could Trigger Accidental Armageddon,” online: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-24/how-iran-may-trigger-accidental-armageddon-commentary-by-jeffrey-goldberg.html
One of the arguments often made in favor of bombing Iran to cripple its nuclear program is this: The mullahs in Tehran are madmen who believe it is their consecrated duty to destroy the perfidious … to deter Tehran. Iran prolif triggers global prolif and destabilizes the middle east, triggering nuclear war. There is no offense because strikes fail, tank the world economy, and trigger pre-emptive prolif- diplomacy is comparatively more likely to succeed The Economist ‘12
http://www.economist.com/node/21548233 ETB Even if Iran were to … sanctions and diplomacy than war. |
