| 1 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
1AC – Inherency
Renewables currently barred from forming MLPs—this stifles renewable energy projects
Blodgett and Gawell 12
(Leslie and Karl, Geothermal Energy Weekly, “New MLP Parity Act Could Give a Boost to Geothermal/Renewable Energy Investors,” 2012, http://geo-energy.org/Newsletter/2012/Geothermal%20Energy%20Weekly%20July%2019%202012.pdf//wyo-mm)
An MLP is a business structure that is taxed as a partnership, but whose
AND
R.I.), and Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.). 1AC – Plan
The United States federal government should allow the use of Master Limited Partnerships for the production of wind power and solar power. 1AC – Solvency
Plan solves—expanding MLP’s to renewable energy is key to spur investment and development of wind and solar technology
Mormann and Reicher, 6-2-12
Felix and Dan, NYT editorial staff, “How to Make Renewable Energy Competitive.” The New York Times. (June 2, 2012): News: pNA(L), Accessed online via academic onefile /Wyo-MB
Two financial mechanisms that have driven investment in traditional energy projects -- real estate investment
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bring many more renewable energy projects online, actually raising overall tax revenue.
And a smart mix of wind and solar projects is key to renewable solvency
Jacobson and Delucchi, 2009
Mark Z. Jacobson is professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of the Atmosphere/Energy Program there. He develops computer models to study the effects of energy technologies and their emissions on climate and air pollution. Mark A. Delucchi is a research scientist at the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis. He focuses on energy, environmental and economic analyses of advanced, sustainable transportation fuels, vehicles and systems, “A Plan to Power 100 Percent of the Planet with Renewables.” Scientific American, 10-26-2009, Online, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=a-path-to-sustainable-energy-by-2030andpage=5 /Wyo-MB
A new infrastructure must provide energy on demand at least as reliably as the existing
AND
steady base and hydroelectric can be called on to fill in the gaps.¶ And the federal government is key, changing MLP structure creates a stable regulatory environment
Freed and Stevens 11
(Josh and Mae, Freed is the Vice President of the Third Way Clean Energy Program and served for more than a decade as a political strategist for national, federal and local campaigns and was a senior staffer on Capitol Hill, Stevens is a Policy Advisor for the Third Way Clean Energy Program, Third Way, “A Small Tax Change, Big Clean Energy Results,” December 2011, http://content.thirdway.org/publications/475/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_A_Small_Tax_Change_Big_Clean_Energy_Results.pdf//wyo-mm)
Moreover, the economic downturn that began in 2008 has made it difficult for companies
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. This is, understandably, difficult for innovative energy companies to provide. 1AC – Warming Advantage
American clean energy markets are on the verge of collapse- a perfect storm of expiring financial incentives and declining export opportunities will gut renewables absent fast policy action Jenkins et al 12
Jesse, Director of Energy and Climate Policy, Breakthrough Institute, Mark Muro, Senior Fellow, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution, Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, Cofounders, Breakthrough Institute, Letha Tawney, Senior Associate, World Resources Institute, Alex Trembath, Policy Associate, Breakthrough Institute, Beyond Boom and Bust: Putting Clean Tech on a Path to Subsidy Independence, April 2012, p. onlinewyo-tjc
In the absence of significant and timely energy policy reform, the recent boom in
AND
are likely to experience more bankruptcies, consolidations, and market contraction ahead.
Warming is real; human caused and rapid: there are four key signals carbon dioxide increase, melting of polar ice caps, melting glaciers, and rapid sea level rise
Prothero 12
(Donald R. Prothero is a Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology. “How we know global warming is real and human caused” Winter 2012. Academic OneFilewyoccd)
Converging Lines of Evidence How do we know that global warming is real and primarily
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Florida, and most of the world's river deltas) would be drowned.
Wind power generation directly offsets emissions
Joseph A. Cullen, 11
Professor of economics at Harvard, is an economist who investigates the economics of energy and its implications for our environment. “Measuring the Environmental Benefits of Wind-Generated Electricity” http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/Documents/measuringwind.pdf, accessed 8-22-12,WYO/JF
Utilizing information on production decisions in 15-minute intervals on the Texas electricity grid
AND
I present the results and determine the value of offset emissions before concluding.
Solar power solves emissions
Damon Turney and Vasilis Fthenakis, 11
National Photovoltaic Environmental Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg. 130, 32 Lewis Rd, Upton, NY 11973, United States “Environmental impacts from the installation and operation of large-scale solarpower plants” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111001675, accessed 8-1-12,WYO/JF
We calculate the emissions of CO2 per kW h of delivered electricity. To accomplish
AND
suggesting another GHG benefit for switching electricity generation from fossil to solar power.
Studies prove these emissions are a primary cause of global warming
IPCC, 2007
Compiled by a working group of scientists studying climate change, Lenny Bernstein, Peter Bosch, Osvaldo Canziani, Zhenlin Chen, Renate Christ, Ogunlade Davidson, William Hare, Saleemul¶ Huq, David Karoly, Vladimir Kattsov, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Jian Liu, Ulrike Lohmann, Martin Manning, Taroh Matsuno,¶ Bettina Menne, Bert Metz, Monirul Mirza, Neville Nicholls, Leonard Nurse, Rajendra Pachauri, Jean Palutikof, Martin¶ Parry, Dahe Qin, Nijavalli Ravindranath, Andy Reisinger, Jiawen Ren, Keywan Riahi, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Matilde¶ Rusticucci, Stephen Schneider, Youba Sokona, Susan Solomon, Peter Stott, Ronald Stouffer, Taishi Sugiyama, Rob Swart,¶ Dennis Tirpak, Coleen Vogel, Gary Yohe, “Climate change 2007: Synthesis report.” Online, http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf /Wyo-MB
Changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse¶ gases (GHGs) and aerosols, land
AND
1750 has been one of warming.¶ 6¶ {2.2}
no studies have attempted to empirically measure the environmental contribution of wind power resulting from these production offsets.
Transition from fossil fuels is key to solve warming, even if it increases construction emissions in the short term, wind and solar solve in the long term
Myhrvold and Caldeira, 2012
NP, member of intellectual ventures, and K, Dept. of Global Ecology Carnegie institute, “Greenhouse gases, climate change and the transition from coal to low-carbon electricity.” 2012 Environ. Res. Lett. 7 014019, Online, http://ftpcontent.worldnow.com/wowk/Carnegiestudy.pdf /Wyo-MB
A transition from the global system of coal-based electricity generation to¶ low
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in the second half of this century; however, natural gas cannot. U.S. leadership is key to solve for global ghg’s and warming, lead to massive amount of modeling, and decrease use of oil NREL, 08
is a national laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy, “Strengthening U.S. Leadership of International Clean Energy Cooperation “,http://www.nrel.gov/international/pdfs/44261.pdf, accessed 9-2-12,WYO/JF
Greenhouse Gas Impacts The primary environmental benefit of the U.S.-led global
AND
the world by 2020, which is consistent with the Millennium Development Goals.
Studies show warming is human caused and will cause extinction
Ahmed 2010
(Nafeez Ahmed, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, professor of International Relations and globalization at Brunel University and the University of Sussex, Spring/Summer 2010, “Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises,” Spotlight on Security, Volume 5, Issue 2, online)
Perhaps the most notorious indicator is anthropogenic global warming. The landmark 2007 Fourth Assessment
AND
– a situation endangering the survival of all life on earth.xi
Try or die- the environment is at the tipping point- Collapse will be fast and catastrophic
AFP, 12
(Agence France-Presse, citing UN study, “Environmental collapse now a serious threat: scientists,” Raw Story, http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/06/06/environmental-collapse-now-a-serious-threat-scientists/)
The paper by 22 top researchers said a “tipping point” by which the
AND
surface is being used for farming or habitation, according to the study.
MLPs solve renewables and green house gas emissions and stable energy generation
Congressional Documents and Publications, 6-7-12
US senate documents news release, “Senators Coons, Moran introduce bill to spark investment in renewable energy projects: Sen. Christopher A. Coons (D-DE) News Release.” Accessed online via proquest /Wyo-MB
Josh Freed, vice president for clean energy, Third Way: "There are
AND
greenhouse gases, and secure the electrical grid with stable, baseload power." 1AC Economy Adv
Economic collapse coming now – manufacturing and investment are weak, and failure to resolve creates a sustained recession
Peter Morici, 12
economist and professor at the University of Maryland's Smith School of Business, “The coming economic collapse and what can – and cannot – be done”, http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2012-07-26/news/fl-pmcol-economics-fri0727-20120726_1_wall-street-banks-export-driven-growth-tax-cuts, 8-16-12,WYO/JF
The U.S. economy is teetering on the brink of another recession.
AND
and set off hyperinflation, but it can't lower interest rates much further.
MLPs only way to solve for renewables and the economy
DiMugno 12
(Laura, editor, writer and journalist work has spanned areas including energy, the environment, travel, and technology, North American Wind Power, “UPDATED: New Legislation Could Unlock Billions Of Dollars In Wind Energy Investment,” June 7, 2012, http://www.nawindpower.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.9961//wyo-mm)
Opening up an investment vehicle long used in fossil-fuel markets to renewable energy
AND
and solar projects are generally long-term contracts that offer cashflow stability.
Thats key to economic growth
Economic Report to the President, 2011
White house staff, “Chapter 1: From Crisis recovery and growth.” Online, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/2011_erp_chapter1.pdf /Wyo-MB
Energy plays a critical role in the economy, and Chapter 6 outlines key ¶
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in an economy ¶ based on a safer and more secure energy supply.
Clean energy transition to wind and solar is key to the US economy solves jobs and manufacturing—
The Ledger, 2009
Published by the NYT, 9-26-2009, “Rebuild U.S. Industrial Base by Promoting a Clean Energy Economy.” The Ledger Lakeland, Fla 26 Sep 2009 /Wyo-MB
One of the biggest problems we have in America today is that our industrial base
AND
jobs here in America, for Americans. It's time to Repower America.
Manufacturing is key to the US economy
Ettlinger and Gordon, 2011
Michael Ettlinger is the Vice President for Economic Policy and Kate Gordon is the Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing.” 4-7-2011, Online, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/labor/report/2011/04/07/9427/the-importance-and-promise-of-american-manufacturing/ /Wyo-MB
Manufacturing is critically important to the American economy. For generations, the strength of
AND
, our national security, and the well-being of all Americans.
Manufacturing Jobs are key to US technological leadership and economic competitiveness
Ettlinger and Gordon, 2011
Michael Ettlinger is the Vice President for Economic Policy and Kate Gordon is the Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing.” 4-7-2011, Online, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/labor/report/2011/04/07/9427/the-importance-and-promise-of-american-manufacturing/ /Wyo-MB
First, jobs in the manufacturing sector are good middle-class jobs for millions
AND
industry, academia, and government is vital to our nation’s economic competitiveness.
US key to world economy, exports, skilled workers and demand growth
Economic Report to the President, 2011
White house staff, “Chapter 4: The World Economy.” Online, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/2011_erp_chapter1.pdf /Wyo-MB
The world economy has begun a transformation. Rapidly growing ¶ emerging-market countries
AND
from emerging economies than their share of the world economy ¶ would warrant.
Growth solves global wars—multiple reasons
Royal, 10
Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, 2010. p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
MLPs solve job creation, and investment, which bolsters the economy
Congressional Documents and Publications, 6-7-12
US senate documents news release, “Senators Coons, Moran introduce bill to spark investment in renewable energy projects: Sen. Christopher A. Coons (D-DE) News Release.” Accessed online via proquest /Wyo-MB
Doug Sims, Natural Resources Defense Council: "NRDC strongly endorses the MLP Parity
AND
would be a significant step toward continued development of clean, renewable energy." A2 Pollution Disad
Air pollution is high now, coal is main cause of pollution Zelman, 12
(Joanna Zelman, April 25, 2012, “State Of The Air 2012: American Lung Association Reports Improvements, Challenges,” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/25/state-of-the-air-2012-american-lung-association_n_1446786.html, accessed 9-13-12,WYO/JF
More than 127 million Americans -- about 41 percent of the country -- still suffer
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-fired power plants play a larger role in contributing to air pollution. Pollution levels high now Houston Chronicle, 9/11
“Ozone levels prompt air quality alert” http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Ozone-levels-prompt-air-quality-alert-3855792.php, accessed 9/13/12,WYO/JF
Dangerous ozone levels prompted officials to issue a pollution warning for Houston, Galveston and
AND
during mid day and evening hours or remain in air-conditioned buildings. Coal plants are the main source of emissions Levy, Orvis and Shaeffer, 12
(“Net Loss: Comparing the Cost of Pollution vs. the Value of Electricity from 51 Coal-Fired Plants”, Environmental Integrity Project, non-profit/nonpartisan organization working for anti-pollution legislation, Dr. Jonathan Levy, Boston University School of Public Health professor, Robbie Orvis, Environmental Integrity Project Research Analyst, Eric Schaeffer, Executive Director or Environmental Integrity Project, 06-12http:www.environmentalintegrity.org/news_reports/documents/PowerPlantReport_2012.6.6.Final.pdf) KH
More than 130 thousand people die every year of heart and lung diseases that result
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mortality based on two benchmark studies the Agency has relied upon in rulemaking. solar plants displace coal power plants and solve for ghg emssions Ken Zweibel et al, 08
Ken Zweibel, James Mason and Vasilis Fthenakis met a decade ago while working on life-cycle studies of photovoltaics. Zweibel is president of PrimeStar Solar in Golden, Colo., and for 15 years was manager of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Thin-Film PV Partnership. Mason is director of the Solar Energy Campaign and the Hydrogen Research Institute in Farmingdale, N.Y. Fthenakis is head of the Photovoltaic Environmental Research Center at Brook-haven National Laboratory and is a professor in and director of Columbia University's Center for Life Cycle Analysis. “A Solar Grand Plan”, http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v298/n1/full/scientificamerican0108-64.html, accessed 7-31-12,WYO/JF
The federal government would have to invest more than $400 billion over the next
AND
62 percent below 2005 levels, putting a major brake on global warming. Wind energy solves pollution
Saidur et al 2011
(R. Saidur, N.A. Rahim, M.R. Islam, K.H. Solangi, Centre of Research UMPEDAC, University of Malaya, June 2011, “Environmental impact of wind energy,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 2423–2430)
Generally, wind energy has zero direct air pollution. A small amount of CO2
AND
.5 kW wind turbine still can produce a significant amount of electricity. |
| 2 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
1AC – Inherency
Renewables currently barred from forming MLPs—this stifles renewable energy projects
Blodgett and Gawell 12
(Leslie and Karl, Geothermal Energy Weekly, “New MLP Parity Act Could Give a Boost to Geothermal/Renewable Energy Investors,” 2012, http://geo-energy.org/Newsletter/2012/Geothermal%20Energy%20Weekly%20July%2019%202012.pdf//wyo-mm)
An MLP is a business structure that is taxed as a partnership, but whose
AND
R.I.), and Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.). 1AC – Plan
The United States federal government should allow the use of master limited partnerships for the production of wind power. 1AC – Solvency
Plan solves—expanding MLP’s to renewable energy is key to spur investment and development of wind technology
Mormann and Reicher, 6-2-12
Felix and Dan, NYT editorial staff, “How to Make Renewable Energy Competitive.” The New York Times. (June 2, 2012): News: pNA(L), Accessed online via academic onefile /Wyo-MB
Two financial mechanisms that have driven investment in traditional energy projects -- real estate investment
AND
bring many more renewable energy projects online, actually raising overall tax revenue. Three core solvency deficits unique to MLPS:
Stable cash-flow: key to entice consumers into long-term power purchase agreements
Insulated from price volatility, making them more attractive
Long-term growth potential Bullock 8.10
Bruce, director of the Maguire Energy Institute SNL Electric Utility Report, “MLP structure for renewables could mobilize capital, lead to consolidation”, p. lnwyo-tjc
What are the benefits and characteristics of MLPs that align well with the characteristics of
AND
that is also just organic growth as renewables become more grid-competitive. 1AC – Warming Advantage
American clean energy markets are on the verge of collapse- a perfect storm of expiring financial incentives and declining export opportunities will gut renewables absent fast policy action Jenkins et al 12
Jesse, Director of Energy and Climate Policy, Breakthrough Institute, Mark Muro, Senior Fellow, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution, Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, Cofounders, Breakthrough Institute, Letha Tawney, Senior Associate, World Resources Institute, Alex Trembath, Policy Associate, Breakthrough Institute, Beyond Boom and Bust: Putting Clean Tech on a Path to Subsidy Independence, April 2012, p. onlinewyo-tjc
In the absence of significant and timely energy policy reform, the recent boom in
AND
are likely to experience more bankruptcies, consolidations, and market contraction ahead.
Inevitable gas-price contraction will trigger coal-switching and further emissions from gas production—now is the crucial time to lock-in renewable energy deployments to avoid the worst impacts of warming Rotman 12
David, editor of Technology Review, Technology Review, “King Natural Gas”, October, p. aspwyo-tjc
But optimism about the environmental benefits should be tempered. For one thing, utilities
AND
much energy drilling for shale gas consumes or how much methane actually escapes.
In any case, it's clear that switching from coal to natural gas will not
AND
6 per million BTUs -- still making it hard for renewables to compete. Warming is real; human caused and rapid: there are four key signals carbon dioxide increase, melting of polar ice caps, melting glaciers, and rapid sea level rise
Prothero 12
(Donald R. Prothero is a Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology. “How we know global warming is real and human caused” Winter 2012. Academic OneFilewyoccd)
Converging Lines of Evidence How do we know that global warming is real and primarily
AND
Florida, and most of the world's river deltas) would be drowned.
Wind power generation directly offsets emissions
Joseph A. Cullen, 11
Professor of economics at Harvard, is an economist who investigates the economics of energy and its implications for our environment. “Measuring the Environmental Benefits of Wind-Generated Electricity” http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/Documents/measuringwind.pdf, accessed 8-22-12,WYO/JF
Utilizing information on production decisions in 15-minute intervals on the Texas electricity grid
AND
I present the results and determine the value of offset emissions before concluding.
Studies prove these emissions are a primary cause of global warming
IPCC, 2007
Compiled by a working group of scientists studying climate change, Lenny Bernstein, Peter Bosch, Osvaldo Canziani, Zhenlin Chen, Renate Christ, Ogunlade Davidson, William Hare, Saleemul¶ Huq, David Karoly, Vladimir Kattsov, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Jian Liu, Ulrike Lohmann, Martin Manning, Taroh Matsuno,¶ Bettina Menne, Bert Metz, Monirul Mirza, Neville Nicholls, Leonard Nurse, Rajendra Pachauri, Jean Palutikof, Martin¶ Parry, Dahe Qin, Nijavalli Ravindranath, Andy Reisinger, Jiawen Ren, Keywan Riahi, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Matilde¶ Rusticucci, Stephen Schneider, Youba Sokona, Susan Solomon, Peter Stott, Ronald Stouffer, Taishi Sugiyama, Rob Swart,¶ Dennis Tirpak, Coleen Vogel, Gary Yohe, “Climate change 2007: Synthesis report.” Online, http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf /Wyo-MB
Changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse¶ gases (GHGs) and aerosols, land
AND
1750 has been one of warming.¶ 6¶ {2.2} Now is key to curbing climate change – wind power sends an international signal
Global Wind Energy Council ’12
(“Wind Energy Must be Key Climate Change Solution,” http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=136, accessed 9/30/12,WYO/JF
Climate change is now generally accepted to be the greatest environmental threat facing the world
AND
and the finance sector need for wind power to reach its full potential. U.S. leadership is key to solve for global ghg’s and warming, lead to massive amount of modeling, and decrease use of oil NREL, 08
is a national laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy, “Strengthening U.S. Leadership of International Clean Energy Cooperation “,http://www.nrel.gov/international/pdfs/44261.pdf, accessed 9-2-12,WYO/JF
Greenhouse Gas Impacts The primary environmental benefit of the U.S.-led global
AND
the world by 2020, which is consistent with the Millennium Development Goals.
Studies show warming is human caused and will cause extinction
Ahmed 2010
(Nafeez Ahmed, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, professor of International Relations and globalization at Brunel University and the University of Sussex, Spring/Summer 2010, “Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises,” Spotlight on Security, Volume 5, Issue 2, online)
Perhaps the most notorious indicator is anthropogenic global warming. The landmark 2007 Fourth Assessment
AND
– a situation endangering the survival of all life on earth.xi
Try or die- the environment is at the tipping point- Collapse will be fast and catastrophic
AFP, 12
(Agence France-Presse, citing UN study, “Environmental collapse now a serious threat: scientists,” Raw Story, http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/06/06/environmental-collapse-now-a-serious-threat-scientists/)
The paper by 22 top researchers said a “tipping point” by which the
AND
surface is being used for farming or habitation, according to the study. Wind energy solves, and does not need to be curtailed by other fossil fuel back ups Orths et al, 10
Hannele Holttinen1, Peter Meibom2, Antje Orths3, Bernhard Lange4, Mark O’Malley5, John Olav Tande6, Ana Estanqueiro7, Emilio Gomez8, Lennart Söder9, Goran Strbac10, J Charles Smith11 and Frans van Hulle12 “Impacts of large amounts of wind power on design and operation of power systems, results of IEA collaboration” WIND ENERGY Wind Energ. 2011; 14:179–192 Published online 16 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). 10.1002/we.410, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/we.410/pdf, accessed 9/28/12,WYO/JF
There are already several power systems and control areas coping with large amounts of wind
AND
power plants in order to keep a certain level of security of supply. Wind energy can solve intermittency, most flaws are just red herrings Bill Chameides, 9/19
of Duke University on September 19, 2012 “On Trying to Catch the Wind Energy?” http://www.greatenergychallengeblog.com/2012/09/19/on-trying-to-catch-the-wind-energy/, accessed 9/28/12,WYO/JF
Wind has its downsides. It’s intermittent; it’s too expensive. Fair points,
AND
in a virtually cost-competitive heat with coal-fired power generation. MLPs solve renewables and green house gas emissions and stable energy generation
Congressional Documents and Publications, 6-7-12
US senate documents news release, “Senators Coons, Moran introduce bill to spark investment in renewable energy projects: Sen. Christopher A. Coons (D-DE) News Release.” Accessed online via proquest /Wyo-MB
Josh Freed, vice president for clean energy, Third Way: "There are
AND
greenhouse gases, and secure the electrical grid with stable, baseload power." 1AC Economy Adv
Economic collapse coming now – manufacturing and investment are weak, and failure to resolve creates a sustained recession
Peter Morici, 12
economist and professor at the University of Maryland's Smith School of Business, “The coming economic collapse and what can – and cannot – be done”, http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2012-07-26/news/fl-pmcol-economics-fri0727-20120726_1_wall-street-banks-export-driven-growth-tax-cuts, 8-16-12,WYO/JF
The U.S. economy is teetering on the brink of another recession.
AND
and set off hyperinflation, but it can't lower interest rates much further.
MLPs only way to solve for renewables and the economy
DiMugno 12
(Laura, editor, writer and journalist work has spanned areas including energy, the environment, travel, and technology, North American Wind Power, “UPDATED: New Legislation Could Unlock Billions Of Dollars In Wind Energy Investment,” June 7, 2012, http://www.nawindpower.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.9961//wyo-mm)
Opening up an investment vehicle long used in fossil-fuel markets to renewable energy
AND
and solar projects are generally long-term contracts that offer cashflow stability.
Wind drives manufacturing competitiveness on the global market and employs thousands.
Burger 12
(Andrew, graduate of the University of Colorado, reports on news and events at the nexus of environment, technology, political economy and society, Triple Pundit, “Growth in U.S. Wind Power Requires Federal Support,” August 15, 2012, http://www.triplepundit.com/2012/08/growth-wind-power-requires-federal-support///wyo-mm)
Examining the effects on employment, the U.S. wind energy sector employs
AND
range of wholesale power prices seen in 2011,” according to the report. Wind Power spills over to other parts of the economy, produces massive amounts of jobs Warburg, 12
Philip Warburg Environmental Lawyer and president of the Conservation Law Foundation 2012 Harvest the Wind: America’s Journey to Jobs, Energy Independence, and Climate Stability Beacon Press, Boston Pg95, accessed 9/30/12,WYO/JF
Under the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 scenario, manufacturing jobs directly related to
AND
new, skill-based jobs – isn’t this a path worth taking?
Manufacturing is key to the US economy
Ettlinger and Gordon, 2011
Michael Ettlinger is the Vice President for Economic Policy and Kate Gordon is the Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing.” 4-7-2011, Online, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/labor/report/2011/04/07/9427/the-importance-and-promise-of-american-manufacturing/ /Wyo-MB
Manufacturing is critically important to the American economy. For generations, the strength of
AND
, our national security, and the well-being of all Americans.
Manufacturing Jobs are key to US technological leadership and economic competitiveness
Ettlinger and Gordon, 2011
Michael Ettlinger is the Vice President for Economic Policy and Kate Gordon is the Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress, “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing.” 4-7-2011, Online, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/labor/report/2011/04/07/9427/the-importance-and-promise-of-american-manufacturing/ /Wyo-MB
First, jobs in the manufacturing sector are good middle-class jobs for millions
AND
industry, academia, and government is vital to our nation’s economic competitiveness.
US key to world economy, exports, skilled workers and demand growth
Economic Report to the President, 2011
White house staff, “Chapter 4: The World Economy.” Online, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/2011_erp_chapter1.pdf /Wyo-MB
The world economy has begun a transformation. Rapidly growing ¶ emerging-market countries
AND
from emerging economies than their share of the world economy ¶ would warrant.
Growth solves global wars—multiple reasons
Royal, 10
Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, 2010. p. 213-215
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
MLPs solve job creation, and investment, which bolsters the economy
Congressional Documents and Publications, 6-7-12
US senate documents news release, “Senators Coons, Moran introduce bill to spark investment in renewable energy projects: Sen. Christopher A. Coons (D-DE) News Release.” Accessed online via proquest /Wyo-MB
Doug Sims, Natural Resources Defense Council: "NRDC strongly endorses the MLP Parity
AND
would be a significant step toward continued development of clean, renewable energy." |
| 3 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Emissions are reversible but the window is closing.
Harvey, 11
Fiona Harvey 11 is an environmental correspondent for Guardian, “World headed for irreversible climate change in five years, IEA warns,” 11/9, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/nov/09/fossil-fuel-infrastructure-climate-change
The world is likely to build so many fossil-fuelled power stations, energy
AND
temperatures to 2C of warming will be closed forever," said Birol.
Electricity sector is key polluter
Mormann 11
(Felix, German JD and JSD from University of Passau School of law, as well as an LMM from UC BerkeleySchool of Law and is a research Fellow at Stanford’s Steyer Center for Energy Policy and Finance, writing for Economic Law Quarterly, “Requirements for a Renewables Revolution.” 05/02/11. http://www.boalt.org/elq/documents/elq38_4_03_2012_0808.pdf)
Renewable sources of energy are relevant not only to electricity generation but also to other
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this Article focuses on the use of renewables for the generation of electricity. |
| 4 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Oil prices low – expiration of the October contract and declining stock market.
CNN Money, 9-18
“Oil prices remain lower after a stunning drop”, RSR
Oil prices remained under pressure Tuesday, less than a day after a sharp,
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pending expiration of the October contract, and Monday's drop in stock prices.
Oil prices low - Iran exports down.
Smith, Contributor, 9-17
Grant, “Oil Trades Near Four-Month High on Signs of Improving Economy”, Bloomberg
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-17/oil-trades-near-four-month-high-on-signs-of-improving-economy.html, RSR
South Korea stopped buying crude from Iran in August after its refiners lost insurance coverage
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, or about 270,000 barrels a day, in August 2011.
No tradeoff Palmer et al,10
Resources for the Future,10 Karen, Richard Sweeney, and Maura Allaire, Oct 2010, “Modeling Policies to Promote Renewable and Low-Carbon Sources of Electricity” http://www.rff.org/RFF/Documents/RFF-BCK-Palmeretal%20-LowCarbonElectricity-REV.pdf, p.2, accessed 9-21-12, WYO/JF No transition to renewables
DR. KENT MOORS, 8/23
Global Energy Strategist, Money Morning “Oil Prices are Higher, But It Won't Be Much Help for Alternative Energy” http://moneymorning.com/2012/08/23/oil-prices-are-higher-but-it-wont-be-much-help-for-alternative-energy/, accessed 9-12-12,WYO/JF
With the movement to exploiting unconventional domestic sources of oil and gas, one of
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generation. This does not bode well for the prospects of alternative energy. |
| 5 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Risk management is inevitable and it’s our obligation to act upon those risks.
Coaffee 08
(Jon, School of Environment and Development, The University of Manchester, PhD in Urban Geography analysing at the impacts of risk, terrorism and security on urban development and planning, Energy Policy, “Risk, resilience, and environmentally sustainable cities,” October 18, 2008, Science Directwyo-mm) Today, risk has evolved into a concept that goes well beyond the idea of
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new-style risks have anything to do with the borders of nations.”
Our process of truth-seeking is good: using decision theory of comparing evidence of the best possible outcome is key to reducing dangers of unintended consequences.
Polasky et al 11
(Stephen, Stephen R. Carpenter, Carl Folke and Bonnie Keeler, Department of Applied Economics and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, “Decision-making under great uncertainty: environmental management in an era of global change,” August 2011, http://www.urbaneco.washington.edu/sbs/docs/data/3313_PolaskyetalDecisionMakingTREE.pdf//wyo-mm) We begin with a brief review of decision theory, which provides a systematic approach
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viewpoints and so can reduce the danger of unforeseen events or unintended consequences. Alt fails, we need consumption policies established through the government because it’s the only effective mechanism to deal with the problems we’re enduring. Power and Mont 10
(Kate and Oksana, European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, Copenhagen, Denmark, Collaboration and Learning for Sustainable Innovation ERSCP-EMSU conference, “Dispelling the Myths about consumption behavior,” 2010, accessed via aspwyo-mm)
The framing of behaviour change policy instruments is of crucial importance in promoting the values
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on an understanding of consumption at the societal, rather than individual level.
If there’s a 1% risk that our scenario is correct you vote aff: scientific consensus indicates the planet doesn’t have time to come to an absolute understanding. Coplan 12
(Karl S., Professor of Law at Pace Law School and Co-Director of its Environmental Litigation Clinic since 1994 and practiced land use and environmental litigation for eight years, “Climate Change, Political Truth, and the Marketplace of Ideas,” 2012, Social Science Research Networkwyo-mm)
These two foundational First Amendment ideas – free speech as truth-discovery and free
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task of responding to a slow-motion global catastrophe like climate change?
IT’S A DOUBLE-BIND: EITHER THE ALTERNATIVE LINKS OR DOESN’T SOLVE. IN ISOLATION, ALTERNATIVES CAN’T INDIVIDUALLY DECONSTRUCT DOMINANT SECURITY DISCOURSE. THEY MUST ENGAGE WITH SECURITY, BUT IN DOING SO LEGITIMIZE THE PRACTICES BEING CRITIQUED. Jeff Huysmans, Lecturer in politics at the department of government at Open University, Alternatives “Defining Social Constructivism in Security Studies: The Normative Dilemma of Writing Security” Feb 2002 p. 50-51. Although the critical edge of this literature cannot be ignored, denaturalizing security fields is
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Are they possibly a constitutive part of the mastery of the dominant construction? |
| 6 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Businesses prefer federal policy over state policy—prefer uniformity over patchwork approaches
Mann, 2011
Roberta, Professor and Dean’s Distinguished Faculty Fellow, University of Oregon School of Law, “FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL TAX POLICIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: COORDINATION OR CROSS-PURPOSE?” 4-25-11, Lewis and Clark Law Review, Online, http://www.lclark.edu/live/files/8326-lcb152art4mann /Wyo-MB
¶ Several groups of researchers have examined the potential ¶ ¶ interactions between federal and
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would increase ¶ ¶ compliance costs and create competitive advantages.¶ ¶ 64¶ State incentives empirically have failed to support renewable projects without federal support because of budget constraints and weak global economy- means any state policy alone would fail and fed incentives are key.
Rowley et al 12
(Kath, Uday Varadarajan, Brendan Pierpont, and Andrew Hobbs, Climate Policy initiative, “Supporting Renewables while Saving Taxpayers Money,” September 2012, http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Supporting-Renewables-while-Saving-Taxpayers-Money.pdf//wyo-mm)
Over the last decade, a number of states have implemented renewable energy policies such
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deployment in the near future, another boom and bust cycle for renewables.
State governments fail at renewable energy policy—patchwork policies and budget constraints
Mann, 2011
[Roberta, Professor and Dean’s Distinguished Faculty Fellow, University of Oregon School of Law, “FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL TAX POLICIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: COORDINATION OR CROSS-PURPOSE?” 4-25-11, Lewis and Clark Law Review, Online, http://www.lclark.edu/live/files/8326-lcb152art4mann] /Wyo-MB
Coordination of federal, state, and local tax policies for climate ¶ change raises
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to identify ¶ and encourage the use of locally abundant renewable energy sources.
Extend 1AC Mormann and Reicher- investment is the only way to spur the industry and MLP investment has better benefits than any status quo state incentives |
| 7 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Romney is winning Virginia
John Cassidy, 10/8
“Cassidy’s Count: Romney Bounce Changes Electoral Map in His Favor”
Read more http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2012/10/cassidys-count-romney-bounce-changes-map-in-his-favor.html#ixzz28uo6LMt7, accessed 10/10/12,WYO/JF
Virginia: Even before the debate, there was evidence that Obama’s lead in the
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, I have decided to switch Virginia from Obama to toss-up.
Plan happens after the election
Ramsey Cox (writer for The Hill) September 24, 2012 “Congress to hold pro forma sessions until November” http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/251313-congress-to-hold-pro-forma-sessions-until-november
Rather than being in recess for more than five weeks, both the Senate and
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access to federal land for hunters and fishers while also supporting conservation measures. - Bill is largely bipartisan now 2. Parity doesn’t limit fossil fuels 3. Will result in economic growth.
Brown 12
(Sam, SCS Renewables, “New legislation creates energy investment opportunity,” July 5, 2012, http://www.scsrenewables.com/2012/07/05/new-legislation-creates-energy-investment-opportunity/#more-961//wyo-mm)
With the recent introduction of the MLP Parity Act, a bipartisan bill that would
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the greater public to invest represents the low-hanging fruit of legislation.
Romney is winning Colorado now, Colorado is key to Romney’s campaign
Molly Ball, 10-5
“Colorado: Romney's Comeback State?” http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/10/colorado-romneys-comeback-state/263280/, accessed 10/10/12,WYO/JF
While Rust Belt states like Ohio and Wisconsin have lately seemed to be slipping from
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be fitting for Colorado to be the state where he stages his comeback. Colorado will only reach voter enthusiasm if Obama takes further steps toward clean energy
Casey 2011
Mike Casey, founder and president of Tigercomm. He uses his 27 years of communications experience to counsel cleantech company executives, pro-sustainability nonprofit leaders and elected officials on building and running their communications programs, Can Obama Go Back to Political base(ics)?, November 28, 2011, http://www.greatenergychallengeblog.com/2011/11/28/can-obama-go-back-to-political-baseics/, uwyoamp
President Obama made a smart move this month by putting the Keystone XL pipeline project
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three decades. It will be interesting to see what the younger environmental.
Colorado is key to obama’s re-election
Sale 2012
Anna Sale, politics journalist, July 08, 2012, Anna in the Swing States: Colorado's Swinging Suburbs and Untapped Latino Voters, http://www.wnyc.org/articles/its-free-country/2012/jul/08/colorados-swinging-suburbs-and-untapped-latino-voters/, uwyoamp
At the start of this summer, Mitt Romney was cutting into President Barack Obama's
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congressional districts with urban areas, contributing to the Democrats' recent success there.
Economic collapse makes your impact inevitable- Russia, China, and Iran would try to fill the economic gap, causing imperialist wars
Sander 2
(“Why was there (so far) No Third World War,” Internationalist Perspective, March 12, http://users.skynet.be/ippi/3t15%20iptex.htm)
But let us now examine the consequences of a deep global economic crisis on the
AND
anger and violence in society to protect its own rule and domestic order.
Obama will strike iran if he perceives them as a threat to national security
Alajazeera, 12
Obama 'in lockstep' with Israel on Iran issue, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2012/02/201225222448276649.html, accessed 2-18-2012,WYO/JF
US President Barack Obama has said he does not think Israel has made a decision
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And has a big effect on us. It can affect oil prices".
Israeli strike before October – ensures Obama gets re-elected
Farah, 8-19
Joseph Farah is founder, editor and CEO of WND and a nationally syndicated columnist with Creators Syndicate. He is the author or co-author of 13 books, including his latest, "The Tea Party Manifesto," and his classic, "Taking America Back," now in its third edition and 14th printing. “WHEN ISRAEL STRIKES IRAN IN OCTOBER”, 8/19/12 http://www.wnd.com/2012/08/when-israel-strikes-iran-in-october/ wyo-kb
But Israeli leaders also fear they will lose the window of opportunity to deal a
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strike on Iran in October, just weeks or days before the vote?
No GNW- neither Iran nor Israel has the capacity to sustain long-term conflicts, Netanyahu is just using rhetoric but doesn’t have the military power to strike and at best a few thousand would die and countries would call a cease fire
Kechichian 9/27
(Joseph A., renowned historian and political scientist specializing on the Persian Gulf region and adjunct Professor of U.S.-Middle East Relations, Pepperdine University, a senior researcher at the RAND Corporation in California and the Armenian Research Center, Gulf News, “No Third World War on horizon,” September 27, 2012, http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/no-third-world-war-on-horizon-1.1081395//wyo-mm)
This may come as a total surprise to both Iran and Israel but World War
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otherwise, for both lack the power to sustain long-term conflicts.
Strikes don’t go nuclear.
Plesch and Butcher 07
Dr Dan Plesch, Director of the School of Oriental and African Studies'Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy, and Martin Butcher, international consultant on security politics, September 2007, Considering a war with Iran: A discussion paper on WMD in the Middle East, http://www.rawstory.com/images/other/IranStudy082807a.pdf
The US has strategic forces prepared to launch massive strikes on Iran with hours of
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the Bush administration is stated to be making nuclear weapons use less likely. No impact to a strike
Poor 2/16—quoting Charles Krauthammer (Jeff, 2/16/12, http://dailycaller.com/2012/02/16/krauthammer-israeli-strike-on-iran-will-not-cause-a-world-war-video/, RBatra)
On Wednesday’s “Special Report Online” segment on FoxNews.com, syndicated columnist
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you’re rational, but who knows. The Iranians haven’t always been rational.” |
| 8 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
No impact- Diversifying suppliers, recycling, reducing usage, and replacing our use of rare earth minerals solves in the short term Berry, 11
Renee Berry and Mihir Torsekar, 3-11 (Office of Industries, US International Trade Commission, USITC Executive Briefings on Trade, “Supplies of Critical Rare Earths to US Industries Are Constrained by China’s Policies,”)
U.S. INDUSTRY RESPONSES TO CHINA’S POLICIES ON RARE EARTH EXPORTS In response
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dependence, and price volatility are likely to continue in the short term. No conflict escalation- China will respond peacefully to international pressure on Mineral exports Aaron Souppouris, 8-22
(“China raises export quota for rare earth metals”, the verge)
In the face of mounting international pressure, China has raised its export quota for
AND
Ben Popper's attempts to embed the world's rare earth deposits in his body.
Wind energy being debated now- PTC
Bryce 9/17
(Robert, senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, National Review Online, “The Cost of Wind-Energy Jobs,” September 17, 2012, http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/316854/cost-wind-energy-jobs-robert-bryce//wyo-mm)
The battle over the federal production tax credit (PTC) for wind, which
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he declared that “thousands of Americans have jobs today building wind turbines.”
Alaska has many mineral reserves- solves in the long term David Szumigala 11
(Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, “Rare Earth Elements- A Brief Overview of These Elements, Including their Uses, Worldwide Resources, and Known Occurrences in Alaska)
Mineral resources comprise a major part of Alaska’s economic assets. Alaska is considered highly
AND
their economic potential is not really known (Orris and Gauch, 2002). Supply will exceed demand within 5 years Yan Zhou, 11
(China Daily, "Rare earths output ratio to decrease," http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-06/16/content_12708457.htm)
BEIJING - The world's supply of rare-earth minerals will outstrip demand within five
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director of academic department, the Chinese Society of Rare Earths (CSRE).
US-China war won’t happen – economic interdependence
Weede, Former Professor of Sociology at the University of Bonn, 2010
(Erich, retired in 2004, current member of the Mont Pelerin Society, “The Capitalist Peace and the Rise of China: Establishing Global Harmony by Economic Interdependence”, International Interactions 36:2, 206-213, 5/18/10, accessed 6/20/11) JDB
Economic cooperation and interdependence provide much more hope for the immediate future than democratization.
AND
commerce, exports and growth did contribute to the pacification of East Asia. |
| 9 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Intermittency does not disturb the base load or wind being able to solve for the environment MTC, 04
In collaboration with the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative’s Renewable Energy Trust Fund, the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory “Wind Power: Capacity Factor, Intermittency, and what happens when the wind doesn’t blow?” http://www.umass.edu/windenergy/publications/published/communityWindFactSheets/RERL_Fact_Sheet_2a_Capacity_Factor.pdf, accessed 10/3/12,WYO/JF
The wind does not always blow; sometimes a wind power plant stands idle.
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cost but that cost is typically not prohibitive, as some people imagine. Other countries prove that intermittency does not cause wind to be back up by fossil fuel Chris Varrone,11
Founder and President of Riverview Consulting and former Chief Strategist, Technology RandD at Vestas Wind Systems. “Why Wind Intermittency is NOT a Big Deal” http://cleantechnica.com/2011/05/10/why-wind-intermittency-is-not-a-big-deal/, accessed 10/3/12,WYO/JF
What if Wind Provided 20% of Our Energy? By now, even the
AND
article of mine that appeared in International Sustainable Energy Review in Dec 2010. |
| 10 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Economic collapse causes escalating nuclear exchange that destroys civilization and the biosphere.
Bearden, 2k (T.E., Director of the Association of Distinguished American Scientists, “The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How To Solve It Quickly”, Space Energy Access Systems, http://www.seaspower.com/EnergyCrisis-Bearden.htm)
History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic
AND
, and perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades.
.
Probability There is a strong historical correlation between economic decline and war.
Mead 9 — Henry Kissinger Senior Fellow at the CFR, Professor at Yale (Walter Russel, "What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger," The New Republic)
So far, such half-hearted experiments not only have failed to work;
AND
the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight. Economic collapse makes your impact inevitable- Russia, China, and Iran would try to fill the economic gap, causing imperialist wars
Sander 2
(“Why was there (so far) No Third World War,” Internationalist Perspective, March 12, http://users.skynet.be/ippi/3t15%20iptex.htm)
But let us now examine the consequences of a deep global economic crisis on the
AND
anger and violence in society to protect its own rule and domestic order. |
| 11 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Perm solves: Capitalism is key to economic, social and political change, we can use the system to reform it.
Gartzke, 05
Eric Gartzke, Future Depends on Capitalizing on Capitalist Peace, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=5133, accessed 1-20-2011, WYO/JF
A more powerful explanation is emerging from newer, and older, empirical research -
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. Wealth no longer arises primarily through land or control of natural resources.
Capitalism is key to space exploration and development
Blundell, 04
John Blundell, director general of the Institute for Economic Affairs, 2004 (“Mission to Mars must go private to succeed,” February 2, http://www.iea.org.uk/record.jsp?type=newsandID=166)
What we need is capitalists in space. Capitalism needs property rights, enforcement of
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a discovery procedure". Science is an open system. So is capitalism.
Space solves multiple existential threats –key to survival
Pelton 03
(Joseph, Director of the Space and Advanced Communications Research institute at George Washington University and Executive Director of the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation, “COMMENTARY: Why Space? The Top 10 Reasons”, September 23, http://www.space.com/news/commentary_top10_030912.html) Actually the lack of a space program could get us all killed. I dont
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Program is actually a prudent course that could save our species in time. In a nuclear world we have to weigh consequences
Sissela Bok, Professor of Philosophy, Brandeis, 1988, Applied Ethics and Ethical Theory, Ed. David Rosenthal and Fudlou Shehadi
The same argument can be made for Kant’s other formulations of the Categorical Imperative:
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even killing an innocent person, in order that the world not perish. |
| 12 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Can’t export until at least 2016 – EIA study proves
Saunders, Executive Director at the Center for National Interest, 7-9-12
(Paul, “The Shale Gas Revolution,” 7-9-12, http://www.tokyofoundation.org/en/topics/washington-update/shale-gas-revolution, accessed 8-15-12) PM
A narrower but still significant question is whether the United States may become a natural
AND
number of factors that are difficult to anticipate and thus are highly uncertain.” Natural gas has little economic impact.
Meyer 12
(Gregory, Writer @ the Financial Times, Shale gas unlikely to reignite US economy, April 13th, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/50c5460a-856d-11e1-a75a-00144feab49a.html#axzz23U3hDs1P), accessed 10/2/12,WYO/JF
One million British thermal units is a lot of energy. It can warm the
AND
is more than three times its annual growth forecast made a year ago.
No conflict escalation- China will respond peacefully to international pressure on Mineral exports Aaron Souppouris, 8-22
(“China raises export quota for rare earth metals”, the verge)
In the face of mounting international pressure, China has raised its export quota for
AND
Ben Popper's attempts to embed the world's rare earth deposits in his body.
Trade does not solve war—there’s no correlation between trade and peace Martin, Mayer, and Thoenig 8
(Phillipe, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, and Centre for Economic Policy Research; Thierry MAYER, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, CEPII, and Centre for Economic Policy Research, Mathias THOENIG, University of Geneva and Paris School of Economics, The Review of Economic Studies 75)
Does globalization pacify international relations? The “liberal” view in political science argues
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, even taking into account the increase in the number of sovereign states.
US-China war won’t happen – economic interdependence
Weede, Former Professor of Sociology at the University of Bonn, 2010
(Erich, retired in 2004, current member of the Mont Pelerin Society, “The Capitalist Peace and the Rise of China: Establishing Global Harmony by Economic Interdependence”, International Interactions 36:2, 206-213, 5/18/10, accessed 6/20/11) JDB
Economic cooperation and interdependence provide much more hope for the immediate future than democratization.
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commerce, exports and growth did contribute to the pacification of East Asia. |
| 13 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Fiscal cliff won’t pass now-the parties are far apart NYT 10-2
(“Senators try to deal with 'fiscal cliff'” 10-2-12 http://www.sfgate.com/nation/article/Senators-try-to-deal-with-fiscal-cliff-3910971.php//wyoccd)
Senate leaders are closing in on a path for dealing with the "fiscal cliff
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process to avert a series of automatic tax increases and deep spending cuts.
Wind lo Bill is largely bipartisan now 2. Parity doesn’t limit fossil fuels 3. Will result in economic growth.
Brown 12
(Sam, SCS Renewables, “New legislation creates energy investment opportunity,” July 5, 2012, http://www.scsrenewables.com/2012/07/05/new-legislation-creates-energy-investment-opportunity/#more-961//wyo-mm)
With the recent introduction of the MLP Parity Act, a bipartisan bill that would
AND
the greater public to invest represents the low-hanging fruit of legislation.
Wind lobby will get house GOP on board
Timothy P. Carney, the Examiner's senior political columnist, “Wind lobby strives to adapt to Tea Party era”, May 6, 2012
Tapping the Republican revolving door has been a big part of AWEA's campaign. The
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savings, you can't blame them for trying so hard to save it. Even if he has PC he won’t use it: Dream Act proves
Saunders 9/24
(Debra J., San Francisco Chronicle, “'Obama's promise' a political football,” September 24, 2012, http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/saunders/article/Obama-s-promise-a-political-football-3891069.php//wyo-mm)
Under Obama, Congress didn't vote on the Dream Act until after the 2010 midterm
AND
so is it legal? Maybe voters will find out after the election.
Political capital doesn’t spillover – presidential lobbying wont affect votes.
Dickinson, 2009 (Matthew Dickinson, professor of political science at Middlebury College and taught at Harvard University, where he also received his Ph.D., “Sotomayor, Obama and Presidential Power” May, google)
What is of more interest to me, however, is what her selection reveals
AND
has already occurred, in the decision to present Sotomayor as his nominee. Winners win—unlocks the agenda
Green 10
(David, professor of political science at Hofstra University, June 11, “The Do-Nothing 44th President”, http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-Do-Nothing-44th-Presid-by-David-Michael-Gree-100611-648.html, accessed 10-31-2011,WYO/JF
Moreover, there is a continuously evolving and reciprocal relationship between presidential boldness and achievement
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of the now retired Helen Thomas, this is precisely what they did. Eliminating ‘fiscal restraint’ not possible
Benjamin Page, CBO Macoeconomic Analysis Division, “Economic Effects of Reducing the Fiscal Restraint That Is Scheduled to Occur in 2013”, Congressional Budget Office, May 2012.
However, eliminating or reducing the fiscal restraint scheduled to occur next year without imposing
AND
be sustained indefinitely, and policy changes would be required at some point. Superpowers won’t go to war over the Middle East. Gelb ’10
Leslie, President Emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations. He was a senior official in the U.S. Defense Department from 1967 to 1969 and in the State Department from 1977 to 1979, November/December Foreign Affairs, Proquest
Also reducing the likelihood of conflict today is that there is no arena in which
AND
not help one another, they rarely oppose one another in explosive situations. |
| 14 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
MLP legislation strengthens US as a leader in clean energy D'Alessandro 12
(Laura, Energy Reporter at SNL Financial and working on a Masters in Interactive Journalism at American University, SNL Energy Power Week Canada, “Senators introduce bill to change definition of MLPs to include renewables,” June 11, 2012, accessed via ProQuestwyo-mm)
Since the legislation is seeking a more cost-effective way to finance clean energy
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energy sector and strengthen the nation's position as a global clean energy leader. That’s key to primacy, preventing extinction from warming and great power wars Klarevas, 9
NYU Center for Global Affairs professor 12-15-2009
Louis, Ph.D. in International Relations from the School of International Service at American University, NYU coordinator of graduate Transnational Security studies, former Defense Analysis Research Fellow at the London School of Economics, former research associate at the United States Institute of Peace, "Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony," www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html, accessed 4-13-11, mss
As national leaders from around the world are gathering in Copenhagen, Denmark, to
AND
means of leverage that can be employed to keep potential foes in check. |
| 15 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Considerations for any ethical system for animals presuppose a human benchmark: Two impacts 1.) human centric value is inevitable and they don’t solve or their value creates a method of asserting value without warrants turns the k. Hayward 97
PhD, Department of Politics at Edinburgh University, “Anthropocentrism: a Misunderstood Problem”, Environmental Values, p. aspwyo-tjc
But if the project of overcoming speciesism can be pursued with some expectation of success
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, I believe, be committed in any attempt to expunge anthropocentrism altogether. () Doesn’t take a stance on democracy assistance means that aff acts as an impact turn to the k. () Anti-anthropocentric rhetoric reinforces a more dominant frame of human value because they reify ideological opposition to respect for non-human life
Hayward 97
PhD, Department of Politics at Edinburgh University, “Anthropocentrism: a Misunderstood Problem”, Environmental Values, p. aspwyo-tjc
Anthropocentrism, widely used as a term of criticism in environmental ethics and politics,
AND
-anthropocentrism is not only conceptually unsatisfactory, it is counterproductive in practice. () Permutation do both: Take action on democracy assistance while also realizing that anthropocentrism is an issue that needs to be addressed.
() YIELDING TO ANIMAL RIGHTS ENSURES MASSIVE SUFFERING AND EVENTUAL EXTINCTION OF ALL HUMANS Epstein -5
Alex Epstein (Ayn Rand Institute) 8/15/2005
“The "Animal Rights" Movement's Cruelty to Humans” online @ http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=4368, loghry
No sane person seeks to inflict needless pain on animals. Such practices, where
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eaten, but a world of voluntary, mutually beneficial cooperation and trade. |
| 16 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Bullock 8.10 Bruce, director of the Maguire Energy Institute SNL Electric Utility Report, “MLP structure for renewables could mobilize capital, lead to consolidation”, p. ln//wyo-tjc What needs to happen at the federal level to make MLPs for renewables a reality AND biodiesel and ethanol and other areas as the law evolved through the years. NTT, no date National Timber Tax Website, no date. “Judicial Sources- Supreme Court”, http:~/~/www.timbertax.org/research/process/judicial/supreme_court/http://www.timbertax.org/research/process/judicial/supreme_court/~/~/wyokb If the Supreme Court agrees to review a decision, its interpretation and application of AND . Neither a citizen nor the government can appeal a Supreme Court decision. Winkler, 11 Adam, constitutional law professor at UCAL. “Supreme Court's 2012 Decisions Could Sway Presidential Election”, Dec 16, 2011 http:~/~/www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/12/16/supreme-court-s-2012-decisions-could-sway-presidential-election.html~/~/html/wyokb In 1962, Justice Felix Frankfurter html||target="_blank" against the Supreme Court entering what he called AND a powerful role in deciding who wins and who loses come Election Day. Heise in 2k (Michael, Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University, “Education and the Constitution: Shaping each other and the nextcentury: Preliminary Thoughts on the Virtues of Passive Dialogue”, Akron Law Review, 34 Akron L. Rev. 73) Second, active judicial participation in the school finance area might indirectly exacerbate one problem AND that matter, worsen, the judiciary's institutional credibility could become an issue. Woellert 5 (Lorraine, Legal Correspondent – Business Week, “Forget Roe and the Framers. Let’s Talk Business”, Washington Post, 10-16, Lexis) Friends and peers trying to describe Miers and Roberts like to use the P- AND that often made their 9-to-5 workday a little easier. Braithwaite 4 (John, Australian Research Council Federation fellow, Australian National University, and chair of the Regulatory Institutions Network, The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science, 592 Annals 79, March, Lexis) The challenge of designing institutions that simultaneously engender emancipation and hope is addressed within the AND , a neglect that continues to this day (see also Barbalet 1993). |
| 17 | 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
First, we meet: And the restriction is explicit and spelled out in law Koski and Silverman 12
Ian and Garrette, press staff for Sens. Chris Coons and Jerry Moran, Press Release, p. http://www.coons.senate.gov/newsroom/releases/release/senators-coons-moran-introduce-bill-to-spark-investment-in-renewable-energy-projects wyo-tjc
A master limited partnership (MLP) is a business structure that is taxed as
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America’s domestic energy sector of the capital it needs to build and grow. Second, counter-interp: Restriction is a legal barrier Free Legal Dictionary, accessed 12
http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/restriction wyo-tjc
restriction n. any limitation on activity, by statute, regulation or contract provision. In multi-unit real estate developments, condominium and cooperative housing projects, managed by homeowners' associations or similar organizations are usually required by state law to impose restrictions on use. Thus, the restrictions are part of the "covenants, conditions and restrictions," intended to enhance the use of common facilities and property, recorded and incorporated into the title of each owner.
Third, we meet: Wind/Solar producers are banned from organizing as MLPs by law- it is a restriction Holshouser 12
Paul, Finance Policy Manager at AWEA, “SMU study: Expanded partnership access could unlock $6 billion in wind energy investment”, p. http://www.awea.org/blog/index.cfm?customel_dataPageID_1699=16735 wyo-tjc
An MLP is a publicly-traded limited partnership in which regular investors can purchase
AND
code, and also details other strengths of an MLP-based policy:
Fourth, irrelevant- plan is also an increase in financial incentives:
A- financial incentives include tax-incentives Clean and Secure Energy Action Report 10
staff, 2010 update, “Financial Incentives - Loans, Rebates, Taxes, Bonds, Etc.”, p. http://www.nga.org/files/live/sites/NGA/files/pdf/1008CLEANENERGYELECTRICITYINCENTIVES.PDF wyo-tjc
Financial incentives can help states address market barriers and leverage private sector resources for greater investment in energy efficiency or renewable energy systems. Types of financial incentives state governments offer include: tax incentives, grants, loans, rebates, industry recruitment/support, bond programs, green building incentives, leasing/lease purchase programs, and production incentives.
B- MLPs are a tax incentive Bradford 7.30
Travis, staff writer, New MLP Parity Act Could Give a Boost to Geothermal/Renewable Energy Investors, p. http://prometheus.org/2012/07/30/new-mlp-parity-act-could-give-a-boost-to-geothermalrenewable-energy-investors/ wyo-tjc
WASHINGTON, D.C. — U.S. Senators Chris Coons (D-Del.) and Jerry Moran (R-Kan.) have introduced legislation, S. 3275, or Master Limited Partnerships (MLP) Parity Act, which gives renewable energy projects access to a tax incentive available now only to oil, gas, and coal projects.
The act could “level the energy playing field by giving investors in renewable-
AND
which combine the funding advantages of corporations and the tax advantages of partnerships.”
Senator Coons said: “Despite all the political rhetoric about the need for an
AND
and giving renewable energy the same shot at market success as fossil fuels.” A- Reduce is to diminish in size, amount or extent and to consolidate Merriam Webster, no date
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reduce
transitive verb
1 a : to draw together or cause to converge : consolidate reduce all the questions to one
b (1) : to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number reduce taxes reduce the likelihood of war (2) : to decrease the volume and concentrate the flavor of by boiling add the wine and reduce the sauce for two minutes
c : to narrow down : restrict the Indians were reduced to small reservations
d : to make shorter : abridge The Plan would put an end to a restricted state and consolidate the tax code Chambers 10
Letitia Chambers, Coalition of Publicly Traded Partnerships, and Chambers Associates Incorporated, Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures, Committee on Ways and Means, House Testimony, 6.13, p. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-107hhrg74229/html/CHRG-107hhrg74229.htm wyo-tjc
In practical terms, this means that when existing PTPs publicly traded partnerships,
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cost of every major project or acquisition that these companies wish to undertake.
Conclusion. There is no reason for PTP managers to be limited in this way
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Refund and Relief Act of 1999, which was vetoed by President Clinton. |
| 18 | 11/14/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: George Washington | Judge:
Water Massive drought coming now Andrew Freedman, 7/21
Senior Science Writer, “Causes Of Midwest Drought: La Nina And Global Warming Thought To Contribute To Dry Weather” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/21/causes-of-midwest-drought-2012_n_1690717.html, accessed 10/20/12,WYO/JF
Driven by a combination of natural climate variability, manmade global warming, and plain
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, if you think this drought is bad . . . just wait. Current rates of water consumption for electricity production are too great, leading to massive droughts Sovacool, 09
Benjamin K.Sovacool a, _, KellyE.Sovacool ba Energy GovernanceProgram,CentreonAsiaandGlobalisation,LeeKuanYewSchoolofPublicPolicy,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore b Department ofGeography,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,Blacksburg,VA,USA “Identifying future electricity–water tradeoffs in the United States”, Science Direct, accesed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Current rates of population growth, expected thermoelectric capacity additions by electric utilities, and
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those in water management rarely promote electricity conservation as a water resource tool.
Water crisis is inevitable- scaling up wind power capacity is crucial to achieve massive water savings across the economy Snyder 8
Brian, LSU Center for Energy Studies, “Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy”, Renewable Energy, p. aspwyo-tjc
In many parts of the U.S. water resources are stressed. The
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0.7 and 2.1 million gallons of freshwater per year.
Long-term drought conditions would devastate America’s key agricultural regions, destroying our economy and sending food prices soaring Hansen 12
James, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies and adjunct professor in the department of earth and environmental sciences at Columbia University, “NASA’s James Hansen Slams Obama’s Lack Of Climate Leadership And Our ‘Immoral’ Inaction”, 5.10, p. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/05/10/481636/must-read-hansen-slams-obamas-lack-of-climate-leadership-and-our-immoral-inaction/ wyo-tjc
That is the long-term outlook. But near-term, things will
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it is.Again, this is all from the recent scientific literature. U.S. Efforts spill over globally Sovacool, 09
Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is an Assistant Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, “RUNNING ON EMPTY: THE ELECTRICITY-WATER NEXUS AND THE U.S. ELECTRIC UTILITY SECTOR” , accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Third and finally, the challenges related to water scarcity and electricity are not confined
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the industry can address what is sure to become a pressing global dilemma. U.S. High Food prices affect the global market, spillover Alyssa A. Botelho and Joel Achenbach, 12
“U.S. drought intensifies — Monsoons and India’s blackouts” http://gpde.us/2012/08/u-s-drought-intensifies-monsoons-and-indias-blackouts/, accessed 10/24/12,WYO/JF
“It’s hard to believe that it’s getting worse, but it is, even
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price spikes in the crop sector will ripple through markets around the globe. Stretched water systems coming now leads to extinction and accesses every major impact
Walton 12 (Brett, worked on a NASA-affiliated research project on water data and as a member of a State Department project on climate change and water management in Central Asia, “National Security Assessment: Water Scarcity Disrupting U.S. and Three Continents” 4/3/12 http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2012/world/national-security-assessment-water-scarcity-disrupting-u-s-and-three-continents/)
The world ’s demand for fresh water is growing so fast that,
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on how well the challenge of global water can be addressed. †High food prices will collapse civilization Brown 10
Lester R. Brown, environmental analyst, founder of the Worldwatch Institute, and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, “How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse”, EARTH POLICY INSTITUTE, Pg 88-89, google scholar downloaded PDF,
wyo-bb
Judging by the archeological records of earlier civilizations, more often than not food shortages
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How many states must fail before our global civilization begins to unravel?33 Drought will cause massive energy shut down, blackout’s Michael Webber, 12
“Will Drought Cause the Next Blackout?” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/opinion/will-drought-cause-the-next-blackout.html?_r=0, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
WE’RE now in the midst of the nation’s most widespread drought in 60 years,
AND
, trends suggest that this water vulnerability will become more important with time. Blackouts cause nuclear meltdowns Huffington Post, 11
“Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
AND
S. power plants are as prepared as they could and should be. Meltdowns cause extinction
Lendman, 2011
(Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,”, The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to
AND
potentially millions under a worse case scenario, including far outside East Asia. Increasing wind power is key to solve for water consumption, studies prove Sovacool, 09
Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization. “Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States”, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Researchers at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, VA, recently
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The more we use renewables, the more we can conserve water.”27 |
| 19 | 11/14/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: kansas | Judge:
Drought disrupts China’s food supply, and economic recovery Benjamin Carlson, 12
“US agricultural exports to China become costly in times of drought” http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/china/120724/us-agricultural-exports-drought-food-crisis, accessed 10/24/12,WYO/JF
As the world’s largest importer of American agricultural products, China stands to get walloped
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-noodle manufacturers, are bracing for lower margins due to increased costs. CHINA WILL GO TO WAR WITHOUT OUTSIDE STATES, MODERNIZE ITS MILITARY, AND CHALLENGE U.S. HEGEMONY IF IT’S RESOURCES DIP TOO LOW – OR IF STARVATION BECOMES A SERIOUS THREAT KANE AND Serewicz IN’01
(Thomas, teaches security studies at the University of Hull, UK. In addition to publishing other articles on the People's Republic of China, he has written a book on the role of maritime power in modern China's grand strategy, and Lawrence, Ph.D. in politics from the University of Hull, UK. He also has an M.A. in politics from the Claremont Graduate School, “China's Hunger: The Consequences of a Rising Demand for Food and Energy,” US Army War College Quarterly, Autumn 2001, pg. Online @ http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01autumn/Kane.htm wyo-ef)
To summarize, China's resource needs have global consequences. The most immediate effect of
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defy the United States, and forge links with like-minded countries. The Gravest Risk to the CCP is Prolonged Economic Decline Pei 11
Minxin Pei, Senior Associate in the China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “Will the Chinese Communist Party Survive the Crisis? : How Beijing's Shrinking Economy May Threaten One-Party Rule”, 3/11 http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:q_g56rUqwuIJ:scholar.google.com/+Economic+Growth+China++CCP+andhl=enandas_sdt=0,51andas_ylo=2008,
wyo-bb
Because of the global economic crisis, however, Beijing is in trouble. The
AND
collective protests reported annually. Such frustrations will only intensify in hard times. CCP Collapse goes nuclear Renxing, 5
(San, The Epoch Times "The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War. Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed", 8/5, http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html), accessed 6-07-2011, WYO/JF)
Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising
AND
to cling to life. That is the main theme of the speeches. |
| 20 | 11/14/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Your impact D Doesn’t apply, don’t look at sustainable yields Brown 10
Lester R. Brown, environmental analyst, founder of the Worldwatch Institute, and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, “How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse”, EARTH POLICY INSTITUTE, Pg 88-89, google scholar downloaded PDF,
wyo-bb
Beyond this, mainstream economics pays little attention to the sustainable yield thresholds of the
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new economic worldview based on several decades of environmental observations and analyses.22 Allouche agrees that water causes wars – he just think they’ll stay small
Allouche 11, research Fellow – water supply and sanitation @ Institute for Development Studies, frmr professor – MIT (Jeremy, “The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade,” Food Policy, Vol. 36 Supplement 1, p. S3-S8, January) Overall, it seems clear that perceived resource scarcity is not an adequate explanation for
AND
perhaps most importantly international trade as will be discussed in the next section. Dinar concludes AFF
Dinar et al 10/18/12
SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations and associate director of the School of International and Public Affairs at Florida International University. LUCIA DE STEFANO is associate professor at Complutense University of Madrid and researcher at the Water Observatory of the Botín Foundation. JAMES DUNCAN is consultant on natural resource governance and geography with the World Bank. KERSTIN STAHL is senior scientist at the Institute of Hydrology in the University of Freiburg. KENNETH M. STRZEPEK is research scientist with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. AARON T. WOLF is a professor of geography in the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, Foreign Affairs, October 18, 2012, "No Wars for Water", http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138208/shlomi-dinar-lucia-de-stefano-james-duncan-kerstin-stahl-kenneth/no-wars-for-water?page=show
If the past is any indication, the world probably does not need to worry
AND
, freshwater will only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions. Thousands of years of data prove
Glecik 5/29/9
http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_truth_about_water_wars/ Peter Gleick is co-founder and president of the Pacific Institute in Oakland, California, and a member of the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Water Security and the UN’s Expert Group on Policy Relevance of the World Water Assessment Program. He is editor of the biennial book The World’s Water and has recently begun blogging at Water By the Numbers. Far more important, and far easier to answer, is the question:
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yes, the risks of water-related conflicts appears to be growing. Wars go global
Reilly 2 Kristie, Editor for In These Times, a nonprofit, independent, national magazine published in Chicago. We’ve been around since 1976, fighting for corporate accountability and progressive government. In other words, a better world, “NOT A DROP TO DRINK,” http://www.inthesetimes.com/issue/26/25/culture1.shtml *Cites environmental thinker and activist Vandana Shiva Maude Barlow and Tony Clarke—North America’s foremost water experts
The two books provide a chilling, in-depth examination of a rapidly emerging
AND
planet decreases, today’s low-level conflicts can only increase in intensity. |
| 21 | 11/15/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge:
We should compare different theoretical approaches to the environment using cost benefit analysis
Alonsob et al, 2008
Enrique Alonsob, Biodiversity UNESCO Chair, ESCET-Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain, and Pablo Martínez de Anguitaa, Department of Environmental Technology, ESCET-Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain, and María Ángeles Martínc, Department of Natural Resources, University San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain, “Environmental economic, political and ethical integration in a common decision-making framework.” Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 88, Issue 1, July 2008, Pages 154–164, Accessed online via science direct /Wyo-MB
A value is an enduring conception of the preferable which influences choice and action (Brown, 1984). Traditionally, neoclassical utility theory has assumed a value monism, i.e., all values are commensurable and ultimately reducible to a single measure: some form of implicit or explicit cost-benefit analysis or calculation lies behind almost every human action, object and behaviour (Frank, 1997). Based on this metric, we should be able to measure people's preferences and values for environmental goods. It isn’t enough to just be aware: empirically proven that awareness and consciousness fail to translate into urgency or action ensuring the alt fails.
Krakoff 11
(Sarah, Professor and Associate Dean for Research, University of Colorado Law School, Selected Works from Sarah Krakoff, “Planetarian Identity Formation and the Relocalization of Environmental Law,” January 2011, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004andcontext=sarah_krakoff//wyo-mm)
For a brief period between 2005-2008, several factors seemed to heighten both
AND
activity dropped from forty-seven percent to thirty-six percent. 64 Alt fails, we need consumption policies established through the government because it’s the only effective mechanism to deal with the problems we’re enduring. Power and Mont 10
(Kate and Oksana, European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, Copenhagen, Denmark, Collaboration and Learning for Sustainable Innovation ERSCP-EMSU conference, “Dispelling the Myths about consumption behavior,” 2010, accessed via aspwyo-mm)
The framing of behaviour change policy instruments is of crucial importance in promoting the values
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on an understanding of consumption at the societal, rather than individual level. Consumption-only focus fails, it ignores production-oriented environmental degradation Holmes 7
(Dave, “A socialist view of global warming: change the system, not the climate!”, Google Books, accessed: 6/26/12)
Such views among genuine environmental activists reflect a well-meaning but ultimately utopian belief
AND
society: what might be called the global ‘treadmill of production’.” Alt fails—Individual approaches to environmentalism fail and trade of with institutional approaches
Maniates, 2002
Michael, Professor of Political and Environmental Science at Allegheny College, Confronting Consumption, “Individualization: plant a tree, buy a bike, save the world.” Pg. 43-66. Published by The MIT press /Wyo-MB
For the lack of a better term, call this response the individualization of responsibility
AND
doing little to actually increase the quantity of electricity generated from renewable resources.
Our Aff is not the type of consumption they criticize- Wind panels don’t consume anything rather are just a transfer energy into a different form Cohen, 10
Dustin Cohen 2010 March 10 Some Notes on Heidegger’s Question Concerning Technology (Enframing, Standing Reserve and Virtual Technologies) http://cybject.wordpress.com/2010/03/11/some-notes-on-heidegger%E2%80%99s-question-concerning-technology-enframing-standing-reserve-and-virtual-technologies/
Martin Heidegger was concerned about the status of the human amidst modern technology. Tied
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does not commandeer nature’s energy or store it for future use (Mitcham). Overemphasis on method destroys effectiveness of the discipline
Wendt, Handbook of IR, 2k2 p. 68
It should be stressed that in advocating a pragmatic view we are not endorsing method
AND
, but we certainly believe a conversation should continue on all three levels. We should act to generate the greatest good for the greatest number of people, this comes from the evaluation of specific consequences of an action, rather than its mindset or other issues
S.E.P. 2009
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2009 Edition, “Consequentialism.” Online, http://www.illc.uva.nl/~seop/archives/spr2009/entries/consequentialism/ /Wyo-MB
The paradigm case of consequentialism is utilitarianism, whose classic proponents were Jeremy Bentham (
AND
best (as opposed to satisfactory or an improvement over the status quo). Water wars are real and their K doesn’t apply
Dinar 2 Shlomi, Ph.D. candidate at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, SAIS Review 22.2 (2002) 229-253, Water, Security, Conflict, and Cooperation, "Negotiation and International Relations: A Framework for Hydropolitics”, International Negotiation 5, no. 2
The dichotomy of conflict and cooperation over water and its relationship to national and regional
AND
their need to access sufficient and clean freshwater in security and nationalist terms. |
| 22 | 11/15/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge:
Wind can solve intermittency, and emissions no need for back up power MTC, 04
In collaboration with the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative’s Renewable Energy Trust Fund, the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory “Wind Power: Capacity Factor, Intermittency, and what happens when the wind doesn’t blow?” http://www.umass.edu/windenergy/publications/published/communityWindFactSheets/RERL_Fact_Sheet_2a_Capacity_Factor.pdf, accessed 10/3/12,WYO/JF
The need for back-up generation Wind power plants have been installed in the
AND
Costs, Summary and Perspective on Work Done to Date, November 2003” Drought will cause massive energy shut down, blackout’s Michael Webber, 12
“Will Drought Cause the Next Blackout?” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/24/opinion/will-drought-cause-the-next-blackout.html?_r=0, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
WE’RE now in the midst of the nation’s most widespread drought in 60 years,
AND
, trends suggest that this water vulnerability will become more important with time.
Blackouts cause nuclear meltdowns Huffington Post, 11
“Long Blackouts Pose Risk To U.S. Nuclear Reactors” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/29/blackout-risk-us-nuclear-reactors_n_841869.html, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Long before the nuclear emergency in Japan, U.S. regulators knew that
AND
S. power plants are as prepared as they could and should be.
Meltdowns cause extinction
Lendman, 2011
(Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,”, The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to
AND
potentially millions under a worse case scenario, including far outside East Asia. |
| 23 | 11/15/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge:
First, we meet: plan in a vacuum is for wind power production- their definition only operationalizes words in the plan
Second, counter-interpretation: ‘for’ refers to ‘those things designed or meant for a specific purpose Collins English Dictionary, no date http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/for#wordorgtop
for (fɔː, ( unstressed ) fə)
— prep - intended to reach; directed or belonging to: there's a phone call for you
2. to the advantage of: I only did it for you
3. in the direction of: heading for the border
4. over a span of (time or distance): working for six days ; the river ran for six miles
5. in favour of; in support of: those for the proposal ; vote for me
6. in order to get or achieve: I do it for money ; he does it for pleasure ; what did you do that for?
7. appropriate to; designed to meet the needs of; meant to be used in: these kennels are for puppies
Third, we meet: MLPs are ‘for energy production’- production MLPs have it as their primary purpose
Nelson 12
Gabriel Nelson, EandE reporter, Greenwire, “Senate Bill Offers New Tax Option for Wind, Solar”, 6.7.12, p. ln wyo-tjc
Congress first authorized companies to use the master limited partnership model in the 1980s as
AND
, which put out a report this week in favor of the idea.
Fourth, prefer our interpretation:
A- Contextually true for wind production D’Alessandro 8.20
Laura, staff writer, SNL Electric Utility Report, “MLP structure for renewables could mobilize capital, lead to consolidation”, p. lnwyo-tjc
According to the Maguire Energy Institute at Southern Methodist University, master limited partnerships could bring nearly $6 billion of capital to the industry between 2012 and 2021 if federal law is amended to expand the tax structure to include renewable energy production. In May, the Maguire Energy Institute released a report highlighting the potential benefits of extending the MLP status to renewable energy investments.
B- Education- they exclude cases that link tools across fuel sources, decreasing education about interlinkages between energy types
C-Arbitrary limit- The ‘direct’ interpretation is arbitrary and overlimiting because of the way the government organizes the tax code- they would exclude basic extraction cases Sherlock 11
Molly, CRS Analyst in Economics, “Energy Tax Incentives: Measuring Value Across Different Types of Energy Resources”, CRS Reports, Aug 10, p. http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/R41953.pdf wyo-tjc
A number of tax provisions that support energy are not energy specific The U.
AND
tax incentives designed to promote other activities, such as research and development. |
| 24 | 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge:
First the Plan
The United States federal government should give exclusive permitting authority to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management for the production of offshore wind power in the United States.
Second Solvency
The 2005 Energy Policy Act failed to create uniform permitting jurisdiction federally- multiple federal agencies are still responsible Vann 12
Adam, Legislative Attorney, CRS Reports, “Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting”, 10.17, p. onlinewyo-tjc
Prior to enactment of EPAct in 2005, the Army Corp of Engineers (Corps
AND
to the United States for any property interest granted under this provision.37
Lack of clarity and multiple authorities denies OSW the momentum it needs to scale up and commercialize in both state and federal waters Fleischauer 11
Patricia, Vice President of TRC Companies, a national environmental engineering and consulting firm based in Lowell, Massachusetts, “Regulatory uncertainty hindering offshore wind development”, 2.23, p. http://ebookbrowse.com/offshore-wind-pat-fleischauer-pdf-d73772552 wyo-tjc
Energy infrastructure development inherently has elements of uncertainty. The challenge is to reduce the
AND
environmental permitting requirements, which could stall state efforts to advance offshore development.
Federal permitting consolidation is critical to circumvent opposition to OSW and create the certainty necessary- state action is insufficient Kimmell and Stalenhoef 11
Kenneth, general counsel to the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs
AND
Difficult Transition to Renewable Energy”, p. aspwyo-tjc
The Cape Wind saga reveals that the current permitting process for offshore wind energy projects
AND
. In short, it is a boon for the forces of inertia.
Lack of one-stop permitting destroys the certainty and timeframe necessary for investment decisions- plan’s consolidation is key Weber 7
Lucas, no qualifications available, published on WindPower.net- the North American Offshore Wind Power Information Project, “Offshore Wind Energy Permitting”, May 10, p. onlinewyo-tjc
As the above description of the various permitting authorities illustrates, the regulatory process for
AND
to ensure the expeditious, yet responsible, development of offshore wind energy.
OSW is feasible and can solve energy demand within current limits of the technology- shallow federal waters, proximity to load centers, and sufficiency of supply Roek 11
Katherine, a partner at Lindquist and Vennum, PLLP, Minneapolis, “Offshore wind energy in the United States: a legal and policy patchwork”, Natural Resources and Environment, Spring, p. aspwyo-tjc
Given the relatively high development cost of offshore wind in comparison to land-based
AND
issues related to siting and permitting of transmission lines for offshore wind projects.) Third, Advantage One
The power grid is fragile and facing future collapse Heyes 8-15-12
J.D. Heyes is a writer for Natural News.com August 15, 2012
Overloaded US power grid stretched to capacity; Will America follow in India's footsteps?
http://www.naturalnews.com/036808_power_grid_collapse_outages.html#ixzz23glXL83u, accessed 11/7/12,WYO/JF
Could the U.S. really suffer the kinds of widespread power outages that struck two-thirds of India's billion-plus population recently? Absolutely, say experts, and fixing the problem won't be cheap. While the nation's power infrastructure is referred to as a "grid," suggesting seamless interconnectivity, "the network more closely resembles a patchwork quilt stitched together to cover a rapidly expanding nation," the Washington Post reported. Experts note that the U.S. really doesn't yet face the kind of issues with its electrical infrastructure that left about 670 million Indians without power in what became the largest outage in history. But, at the same time, industry analysts say the nation's grid is definitely showing signs of aging. And, they say, it's stretched to capacity. More often than not, the grid falls victim to decrepitude rather than, say, the forces of nature, as in tornadoes and powerful storms. Nonetheless the grid is beginning to fail, say experts, who fear that such failures that caused blackouts in New York, San Diego and Boston could become ever more common as the country's demand for power grows exponentially. To fix the problem, industry analysts say it will take a multi-billion, multi-year investment if we're to avoid more frequent large-scale outages in the future. More plants needed, but the delivery system is weak "I like to think of our grid much like a water system, and basically all of our pipes are at full pressure now, and if one of our pipes bursts and we have to shut off that line, that just increases the pressure on our remaining pipes until another one bursts, and next thing you know, we're in a catastrophic run and we have to shut the whole water system down," Otto J. Lynch, vice president of Wisconsin-based Power Line Systems, told the Post. The problem in India and similar developing nations with growing pains is one of power generation. The country is stuck with old and aging coal-fired power plants and is meeting resistance internally to atomic plants. Recently, a number of plants shuttered suddenly, leaving customers without power once more. In the U.S., the problem is somewhat different. Though more plants will be needed in the future, to be sure, the larger problem is that the system of delivery is beginning to fail more frequently. The network of steel towers and power lines that span the country, along with the power transmission stations those lines feed, are the "pipes" of the system that Lynch spoke of. Electricity storage is difficult and besides, most electricity, the Post said, is used within a second of it being produced. The system is designed to shunt power to regions where it is most needed, at the push of a button or, in a growing number of systems, when a computer managing the grid senses the need to shift power. The system is further designed to go around bottlenecks or other interruptions that could slow down the electrical flow. Tens of billions needed to update, upgrade power grids Towers themselves are designed to withstand large gusts of wind but increasingly, towers are collapsing when they shouldn't, and that's a symptom of the aging electrical infrastructure, analysts note. "The aging of equipment explains some of the equipment failures that lead to intermittent failures in power quality and availability," says a report by the American Society of Civil Engineers, released earlier this year. "The capacity of equipment explains why there are some bottlenecks in the grid that can also lead to brownouts and occasional blackouts." To keep the country's power grid operational - and reliable - an additional investment of about $107 billion would be needed by 2020, the ASCE said. Once considered an indulgence, electricity is now a necessity for modern life. "Electricity was primarily a luxury when the majority of our grid was built 50, 60 years ago," Lynch told the Post. "Most people didn't require computers to do their jobs every day. They didn't need the Internet access. iPhones didn't need to be charged, and communication was all hard-wired, so you could still make a phone call when the electricity was out." Meltdowns are likely after a black-out: an outage will take days to recover- the best plants in the US can last 16 hours without external power
Cappiello, 11
Dina, staff writer, “NRC casts doubt on US reactors’ blackout plans” http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2011/04/29/nrc_casts_doubt_on_us_reactors_blackout_plans/?camp=pm, accessed 10/24/12,WYO/JF
The nation’s top nuclear regulator cast doubt yesterday on whether reactors in the United States
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it was. Overall, Japan is “making progress,’’ he said
Meltdowns cause extinction
Lendman, 2011
(Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,”, The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to
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potentially millions under a worse case scenario, including far outside East Asia.
Grid failures cascade outward- the impact is worse than a nuclear explosion
Latynina, 03
America in the Dark Yulia Latynina, Novaya Gazeta (liberal semi-weekly), Moscow, Russia, Aug. 18, 2003. http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm//uwyokb
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages was not spoiled groceries in the fridge
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-called dictatorship regimes and terrorists themselves have long since figured that out.
Grid is vulnerable to cyber-attacks now.
Nicol, 11
David M. Nicol is Professor of Computer and Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois
Hacking the Lights Out: Computer viruses have taken out hardened industrial control systems. The electrical power grid may be next,” Scientific American, http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Hacking_the_Lights_Out.pdf//uwyokb
Unfortunately, the electrical power grid is easier to break into than any nuclear enrichment
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Union might. It is beyond time we secured the country’s power supply. Nuclear launch from cyberterrorism is very likely
Wellen 2010
Russ Wellen, Staff writer for IPS, 10-30-2010, “What if Nuclear Terrorism Were Just a Mouse Click Away?” http://www.ips-dc.org/blog/what_if_nuclear_terrorism_were_just_a_mouse_click_away
Dim prospects for success acquiring or developing their own system might factor into a decision
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by computer network operations, such as misinformation or shutting down key infrastructure. Extinction
The Guardian 2009
The Guardian, 7-28-2009, “New Study: Hacking terrorists could trigger Armageddon” http://dvice.com/archives/2009/07/new-study-hacki.php
If terrorists can get in touch with the right hackers, they could start a
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here and there, and suddenly ICBMs are flying all around the world. OSW solves the advantage:
And OSW solves East Coast electricity demand- drops prices and solves grid congestion that creates cascades Marcacci 12
Silvio, Principal at Marcacci Communications, a full-service clean energy public relations company based in Washington, D.C., Clean Technica, “Offshore Wind On The Atlantic Cost Could Create 300,000 Jobs And $200 Billion In Economic Activity”, p. onlinewyo-tjc
Beyond creating new jobs and economic activity building and operating all these new turbines,
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in wholesale electricity costs for every 1 GW of wind on the grid.
OSW is uniquely key to solve electricity demand in the United States- it overcomes issues with transmission costs, intermittency, and load capacity factors all because it is on the water Schroeder 10
Erica, J.D. from University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, 2010. And Masters in Environmental Management from Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, “Turning Offshore Wind On”, California Law Review, p. lnwyo-tjc
Many of the most compelling benefits of offshore wind are similar to those of onshore
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and many states would have enough to meet their total electricity demand.78 Fourth, Advantage Two
U.S. Shipbuilding industry is collapsing Paulo Santos, 12
Paulo Santos is a Portuguese independent trader, analyst and algorithmic trading expert, having worked for both sell side (brokerage) and buy side (fund management) institutions. “Expecting A Bust In The Shipbuilding Industry” http://seekingalpha.com/article/341301-expecting-a-bust-in-the-shipbuilding-industry, accessed 12/20/12,WYO/JF
As the Baltic Dry Index plunges ever lower, taking out the 2008 lows,
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that, as I have written earlier, steel prices are already falling.
Lack of regulatory clarity and speed with federal permitting destroys investment decisions in OSW broadly and in ship-building specifically Bondaref 12
Joan, analyst with Blank Rome LLP, “Is the Time Right to Expedite Offshore Wind”, North American Wind Power, July, p. http://www.nawindpower.com/digitaleditions/Main.php?MagID=2andMagNo=31 wyo-tjc
While well intentioned, the U.S. Department of the Interior’s (DOI
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. Gamesa’s actions should serve as a warning to federal and state agencies. U.S. shipbuilding is declining now, it is key to U.S. primacy, commercial industry is key NDU,06
“National Defense Univeristy” The Industrial College of the Armed SHIPBUILDING 2006Forceshttp:www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a475378.pdf, accessed 12/2/12,WYO/JF
The United States is a maritime nation, with 95,000 miles of coastline
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addition, there are concerns about the industry skilled labor and engineering workforce.
Robust maritime industry key to military readiness
AMP 2012
(American Maritime Partnership, “U.S. TRANSCOM General Says Domestic Maritime Industry is "Fourth Arm of Defense”, 5-22, http://www.americanmaritimepartnership.com/news/2012/052212%20NMD.html, DOA: 7-13-13)
U.S. TRANSCOM Commanding General William Fraser III today said maintaining a strong
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, transported 90 percent of all military cargoes moved to Afghanistan and Iraq. Readiness is key to deterring global wars
Spencer, 00
Policy Analyst at Heritage, 9/15/ 2000, Jack, Heritage Backgrounder #1394 (PDCL1741) Military readiness is vital because declines in America's military readiness signal to the rest of
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from acting aggressively in regions of vital national interest, thereby preserving peace. Heg creates peace, world without leads to catastrophe war Kagan, 12
Why the World Needs America --- Foreign-policy pundits increasingly argue that democracy and free markets could thrive without U.S. predominance; If this sounds too good to be true, writes Robert Kagan, that's because it is Wall Street Journal New York, N.Y 11 Feb 2012: C.1. Lexis, accessed 2-15-2012,WYO/JF
If and when American power declines, the institutions and norms that American power has
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what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.
Thriving OSW industry jumpstarts shipbuilding and port improvements throughout the United States- leadership now is crucial to avoid the US shipping industries and ports from being locked-out of global competition Bondaref 12
Joan, analyst with Blank Rome LLP, “Is the Time Right to Expedite Offshore Wind”, North American Wind Power, July, p. http://www.nawindpower.com/digitaleditions/Main.php?MagID=2andMagNo=31 wyo-tjc
Europe has been at the forefront of renewable energy and, in particular, offshore
AND
could be a strong manufacturing base and job market for years to come. U.S. seapower is key to deter Chinese hegemony and war in the south china sea Cropsey, 12
Dr. Seth Cropsey Hudson Institute “The U.S. Navy Shipbuilding Plan: Assumptions and Associated Risks to National Security” http://www.hudson.org/files/publications/SethCropsey~-~-USNavyShipbuildingPlan~-~-Testimony041812.pdf, accessed 12/20/12,WYO/JF
A nation burdened with massive debt whose ability to shape world events has been limited
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political liberty would benefit for the remainder of this century. Thank you. CONFLICT IN THE SCS ESCALATES TO FULL-SCALE NUCLEAR WAR STRAITS TIMES 1995
staff, “Choose Your Own Style of Democracy”, May 21, p. ln wyo-tjc
In his speech, Dr Mahathir also painted three scenarios for Asia.
In the first -the worst possible scenario -Asian countries would go to war
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full-scale war breaks out with both sides resorting to nuclear weapons. |
| 25 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge:
American decline leads to Iran/Israel preemptive war-drawing the U.S. into a direct military confrontation with Iran
Brzezinski 2012
Zbigniew K. Brzezinski, CSIS Counselor and Trustee, 2012, Strategic Vision, uwyoamp It is reasonable to assume that perceived American weakness would at some point tempt the
AND
could gain a freer hand in pursuing its own interests in the area. That results in WWIII-China would be drawn in and is willing to take drastic measures to defend Iran
PressTV 2011
PressTV, 2011, China must protect Iran even with WWIII, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/213760.html uwyoamp A professor from the Chinese National Defense University says if Iran is attacked, China
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measure could result in a war that would spread beyond the Middle East. |
| 26 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
1AC – Inherency
Renewables currently barred from forming MLPs—this stifles renewable energy projects
Blodgett and Gawell 12
(Leslie and Karl, Geothermal Energy Weekly, “New MLP Parity Act Could Give a Boost to Geothermal/Renewable Energy Investors,” 2012, http://geo-energy.org/Newsletter/2012/Geothermal%20Energy%20Weekly%20July%2019%202012.pdf//wyo-mm)
An MLP is a business structure that is taxed as a partnership, but whose
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R.I.), and Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.). 1AC – Plan
The United States federal government should allow the use of Master Limited Partnerships for the production of wind power. 1AC- Method
Policymaking is critical to address the overwhelming risks we face if we do not alter our energy production strategy-even if the science is uncertain, we must act to prevent the misery that will occur if we’re wrong
Schreyer 2005
The Right Honourable Edward R. Schreyer was elected to the Manitoba Legislature in 1958, elected Leader of the Manitoba N.D.P. party in June 1969 and subsequently elected Premier of Manitoba from 1969-77. In 1979, Schreyer became Canada's 22nd Governor General, serving until 1984. He was awarded the Lester B. Pearson Peace Award in 1997. Mr. Schreyer currently serves on the Board of the International Institute for Sustainable Development and is the Chancellor of Brandon University. The Politics of Energy and the Environment, http://www.ecclectica.ca/issues/2005/3/index.asp?Article=13, uwyoamp
The politics of energy production, the politics of supply prospects and the politics of
AND
the scale of Planet Earth and her "vast resources". Now what? Specific policy proposals are key to activism and deliberative democracy. Walt 1991
(Stephen, Professor at the University of Chicago, International Studies Quarterly 35)
A second norm is relevance, a belief that even highly abstract lines of inquiry
AND
likely when national policy is monopolized by a few self-interested parties. You should evaluate ALL epistemology claims through the lens of specificity—you should not grant one epistemological commitment a privileged position because the conditions for knowing are ALWAYS contingent on the specific claim that is made. Drawing inferences from empirical reality is possible EVEN IF there is no possibility for pure certainty. Wight 7
Colin, Department of Politics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Exeter, Journal of International Relations and Development, “Inside the epistemological cave all bets are off”, p. aspwyo-tjc
Kratochwil’s attempt to push beyond the epistemological wars by remaining inside the epistemological cave is
AND
exists or can, in all cases, stop an object from existing. 1AC- Drought
Massive drought coming now Andrew Freedman, 7/21
Senior Science Writer, “Causes Of Midwest Drought: La Nina And Global Warming Thought To Contribute To Dry Weather” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/21/causes-of-midwest-drought-2012_n_1690717.html, accessed 10/20/12,WYO/JF
Driven by a combination of natural climate variability, manmade global warming, and plain
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, if you think this drought is bad . . . just wait. Current rates of water consumption for electricity production are too great, leading to massive droughts Sovacool, 09
Benjamin K.Sovacool a, _, KellyE.Sovacool ba Energy GovernanceProgram,CentreonAsiaandGlobalisation,LeeKuanYewSchoolofPublicPolicy,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore b Department ofGeography,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,Blacksburg,VA,USA “Identifying future electricity–water tradeoffs in the United States”, Science Direct, accesed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Current rates of population growth, expected thermoelectric capacity additions by electric utilities, and
AND
those in water management rarely promote electricity conservation as a water resource tool.
Water crisis is inevitable- scaling up wind power capacity is crucial to achieve massive water savings across the economy Snyder 8
Brian, LSU Center for Energy Studies, “Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy”, Renewable Energy, p. aspwyo-tjc
In many parts of the U.S. water resources are stressed. The
AND
0.7 and 2.1 million gallons of freshwater per year.
Long-term drought conditions would devastate America’s key agricultural regions, destroying our economy and sending food prices soaring Hansen 12
James, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies and adjunct professor in the department of earth and environmental sciences at Columbia University, “NASA’s James Hansen Slams Obama’s Lack Of Climate Leadership And Our ‘Immoral’ Inaction”, 5.10, p. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/05/10/481636/must-read-hansen-slams-obamas-lack-of-climate-leadership-and-our-immoral-inaction/ wyo-tjc
That is the long-term outlook. But near-term, things will
AND
it is.Again, this is all from the recent scientific literature. U.S. Efforts spill over globally Sovacool, 09
Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is an Assistant Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, “RUNNING ON EMPTY: THE ELECTRICITY-WATER NEXUS AND THE U.S. ELECTRIC UTILITY SECTOR” , accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Third and finally, the challenges related to water scarcity and electricity are not confined
AND
the industry can address what is sure to become a pressing global dilemma. Stretched water systems coming now leads to extinction and accesses every major impact
Walton 12 (Brett, worked on a NASA-affiliated research project on water data and as a member of a State Department project on climate change and water management in Central Asia, “National Security Assessment: Water Scarcity Disrupting U.S. and Three Continents” 4/3/12 http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2012/world/national-security-assessment-water-scarcity-disrupting-u-s-and-three-continents/)
The world ’s demand for fresh water is growing so fast that,
AND
on how well the challenge of global water can be addressed. †High food prices will collapse civilization Brown 10
Lester R. Brown, environmental analyst, founder of the Worldwatch Institute, and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, “How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse”, EARTH POLICY INSTITUTE, Pg 88-89, google scholar downloaded PDF,
wyo-bb
Judging by the archeological records of earlier civilizations, more often than not food shortages
AND
How many states must fail before our global civilization begins to unravel?33 Increasing wind power is key to solve for water consumption, studies prove Sovacool, 09
Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization. “Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States”, accessed 10/12/12,WYO/JF
Researchers at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, VA, recently
AND
The more we use renewables, the more we can conserve water.”27 1AC – Warming Advantage
American clean energy markets are on the verge of collapse- a perfect storm of expiring financial incentives and declining export opportunities will gut renewables absent fast policy action Jenkins et al 12
Jesse, Director of Energy and Climate Policy, Breakthrough Institute, Mark Muro, Senior Fellow, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution, Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, Cofounders, Breakthrough Institute, Letha Tawney, Senior Associate, World Resources Institute, Alex Trembath, Policy Associate, Breakthrough Institute, Beyond Boom and Bust: Putting Clean Tech on a Path to Subsidy Independence, April 2012, p. onlinewyo-tjc
In the absence of significant and timely energy policy reform, the recent boom in
AND
are likely to experience more bankruptcies, consolidations, and market contraction ahead.
Inevitable gas-price contraction will trigger coal-switching and further emissions from gas production—now is the crucial time to lock-in renewable energy deployments to avoid the worst impacts of warming Rotman 12
David, editor of Technology Review, Technology Review, “King Natural Gas”, October, p. aspwyo-tjc
But optimism about the environmental benefits should be tempered. For one thing, utilities
AND
much energy drilling for shale gas consumes or how much methane actually escapes.
In any case, it's clear that switching from coal to natural gas will not
AND
6 per million BTUs -- still making it hard for renewables to compete. Warming is real; human caused and rapid: there are four key signals carbon dioxide increase, melting of polar ice caps, melting glaciers, and rapid sea level rise
Prothero 12
(Donald R. Prothero is a Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology. “How we know global warming is real and human caused” Winter 2012. Academic OneFilewyoccd)
Converging Lines of Evidence How do we know that global warming is real and primarily
AND
Florida, and most of the world's river deltas) would be drowned.
Studies prove these emissions are a primary cause of global warming
IPCC, 2007
Compiled by a working group of scientists studying climate change, Lenny Bernstein, Peter Bosch, Osvaldo Canziani, Zhenlin Chen, Renate Christ, Ogunlade Davidson, William Hare, Saleemul¶ Huq, David Karoly, Vladimir Kattsov, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Jian Liu, Ulrike Lohmann, Martin Manning, Taroh Matsuno,¶ Bettina Menne, Bert Metz, Monirul Mirza, Neville Nicholls, Leonard Nurse, Rajendra Pachauri, Jean Palutikof, Martin¶ Parry, Dahe Qin, Nijavalli Ravindranath, Andy Reisinger, Jiawen Ren, Keywan Riahi, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Matilde¶ Rusticucci, Stephen Schneider, Youba Sokona, Susan Solomon, Peter Stott, Ronald Stouffer, Taishi Sugiyama, Rob Swart,¶ Dennis Tirpak, Coleen Vogel, Gary Yohe, “Climate change 2007: Synthesis report.” Online, http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf /Wyo-MB
Changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse¶ gases (GHGs) and aerosols, land
AND
1750 has been one of warming.¶ 6¶ {2.2} Now is key to curbing climate change – wind power sends an international signal
Global Wind Energy Council ’12
(“Wind Energy Must be Key Climate Change Solution,” http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=136, accessed 9/30/12,WYO/JF
Climate change is now generally accepted to be the greatest environmental threat facing the world
AND
and the finance sector need for wind power to reach its full potential. Studies show warming is human caused and will cause extinction
Ahmed 2010
(Nafeez Ahmed, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development, professor of International Relations and globalization at Brunel University and the University of Sussex, Spring/Summer 2010, “Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises,” Spotlight on Security, Volume 5, Issue 2, online)
Perhaps the most notorious indicator is anthropogenic global warming. The landmark 2007 Fourth Assessment
AND
– a situation endangering the survival of all life on earth.xi
Try or die- the environment is at the tipping point- Collapse will be fast and catastrophic
AFP, 12
(Agence France-Presse, citing UN study, “Environmental collapse now a serious threat: scientists,” Raw Story, http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/06/06/environmental-collapse-now-a-serious-threat-scientists/)
The paper by 22 top researchers said a “tipping point” by which the
AND
surface is being used for farming or habitation, according to the study. 1AC – Solvency
Plan solves—expanding MLP’s to renewable energy is key to spur investment and development of wind and solar technology
Mormann and Reicher, 6-2-12
Felix and Dan, NYT editorial staff, “How to Make Renewable Energy Competitive.” The New York Times. (June 2, 2012): News: pNA(L), Accessed online via academic onefile /Wyo-MB
Two financial mechanisms that have driven investment in traditional energy projects -- real estate investment
AND
bring many more renewable energy projects online, actually raising overall tax revenue. And the federal government is key, changing MLP structure creates a stable regulatory environment
Freed and Stevens 11
(Josh and Mae, Freed is the Vice President of the Third Way Clean Energy Program and served for more than a decade as a political strategist for national, federal and local campaigns and was a senior staffer on Capitol Hill, Stevens is a Policy Advisor for the Third Way Clean Energy Program, Third Way, “A Small Tax Change, Big Clean Energy Results,” December 2011, http://content.thirdway.org/publications/475/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_A_Small_Tax_Change_Big_Clean_Energy_Results.pdf//wyo-mm)
Moreover, the economic downturn that began in 2008 has made it difficult for companies
AND
. This is, understandably, difficult for innovative energy companies to provide. |
| 27 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
Policymaking is critical to address the overwhelming risks we face if we do not alter our energy production strategy-even if the science is uncertain, we must act to prevent the misery that will occur if we’re wrong
Schreyer 2005
The Right Honourable Edward R. Schreyer was elected to the Manitoba Legislature in 1958, elected Leader of the Manitoba N.D.P. party in June 1969 and subsequently elected Premier of Manitoba from 1969-77. In 1979, Schreyer became Canada's 22nd Governor General, serving until 1984. He was awarded the Lester B. Pearson Peace Award in 1997. Mr. Schreyer currently serves on the Board of the International Institute for Sustainable Development and is the Chancellor of Brandon University. The Politics of Energy and the Environment, http://www.ecclectica.ca/issues/2005/3/index.asp?Article=13, uwyoamp
The politics of energy production, the politics of supply prospects and the politics of
AND
the scale of Planet Earth and her "vast resources". Now what? Specific policy proposals are key to activism and deliberative democracy. Walt 1991
(Stephen, Professor at the University of Chicago, International Studies Quarterly 35)
A second norm is relevance, a belief that even highly abstract lines of inquiry
AND
likely when national policy is monopolized by a few self-interested parties. You should evaluate ALL epistemology claims through the lens of specificity—you should not grant one epistemological commitment a privileged position because the conditions for knowing are ALWAYS contingent on the specific claim that is made. Drawing inferences from empirical reality is possible EVEN IF there is no possibility for pure certainty. Wight 7
Colin, Department of Politics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Exeter, Journal of International Relations and Development, “Inside the epistemological cave all bets are off”, p. aspwyo-tjc
Kratochwil’s attempt to push beyond the epistemological wars by remaining inside the epistemological cave is
AND
exists or can, in all cases, stop an object from existing. |
| 28 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
Our method is similar to de Mesquita’s game theory which is 90% accurate
De MESQUITA ’11
(Bruce Bueno; Silver Professor of Politics – New York University and Senior Fellow – Hoover Institution, "Fox-Hedging or Knowing: One Big Way to Know Many Things," http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/18/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita/fox-hedging-or-knowing-one-big-way-to-know-many-things/-http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/18/bruce-bueno-de-mesquita/fox-hedging-or-knowing-one-big-way-to-know-many-things/, 7/18)
Given what we know today and given the problems inherent in dealing with human interaction
AND
and evaluated through replicable tests of evidence, we progress toward better prediction. Without making predictions you for-close on the possibility of solving warming
Mazo, 10 Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 29, accessed 10/19/12,WYO/JF
The inherent uncertainty of climate projections is of a part with a more general problem
AND
for organizational or personality-related reasons, successes are often invisible.17 Overemphasis on method destroys effectiveness of the discipline
Wendt, Handbook of IR, 2k2 p. 68
It should be stressed that in advocating a pragmatic view we are not endorsing method
AND
, but we certainly believe a conversation should continue on all three levels.
Conflict is caused by human nature and is inevitable Joseph K. Clifton 11,
Claremont McKenna College “DISPUTED THEORY AND SECURITY POLICY: RESPONDING TO “THE RISE OF CHINA”,” 2011, http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164andcontext=cmc_theses, accessed 12/12/12,WYO?JF
Also known as “human nature realism,”14 classical realism posits that conflict between
AND
which states try to maintain an existing equilibrium or construct a new equilibrium. Extinction is the worst impact—prioritizing anything else puts the cart before the horse
Schell 1982
(Jonathan, Professor at Wesleyan University, The Fate of the Earth, pages 136-137 uwwej) Implicit in everything that I have said so far about the nuclear predicament there has
AND
about, coloring our thoughts and moods with its presence throughout our lives. Perm Do both- Our process of truth-seeking is good: using decision theory of comparing evidence of the best possible outcome is key to reducing dangers of unintended consequences.
Polasky et al 11
(Stephen, Stephen R. Carpenter, Carl Folke and Bonnie Keeler, Department of Applied Economics and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, “Decision-making under great uncertainty: environmental management in an era of global change,” August 2011, http://www.urbaneco.washington.edu/sbs/docs/data/3313_PolaskyetalDecisionMakingTREE.pdf//wyo-mm) We begin with a brief review of decision theory, which provides a systematic approach
AND
viewpoints and so can reduce the danger of unforeseen events or unintended consequences. Disad to the alt- Using scientific consensus solves the alt by disrupting our existing economic relationships and is infinitely better than the squo- leaving the framing of the status quo intact enables the elites to dominate the system.
Coplan 12
(Karl S., Professor of Law at Pace Law School and Co-Director of its Environmental Litigation Clinic since 1994 and practiced land use and environmental litigation for eight years, “Climate Change, Political Truth, and the Marketplace of Ideas,” 2012, Social Science Research Networkwyo-mm)
Accepting (and acting upon) the conclusions of the scientific consensus on climate change
AND
inexorably to distort the marketplace of ideas against the acceptance of climate science. It isn’t enough to just be aware: empirically proven that awareness and consciousness fail to translate into urgency or action ensuring the alt fails.
Krakoff 11
(Sarah, Professor and Associate Dean for Research, University of Colorado Law School, Selected Works from Sarah Krakoff, “Planetarian Identity Formation and the Relocalization of Environmental Law,” January 2011, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004andcontext=sarah_krakoff//wyo-mm)
For a brief period between 2005-2008, several factors seemed to heighten both
AND
activity dropped from forty-seven percent to thirty-six percent. 64 |
| 29 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge:
Totalistic anti-nuclear criticism destroys coalitions and the possibility of progressive social change.
Krishna 93 (Sankaran, Professor of Political Science at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Alternatives, Summer, p. 400-401, “The Importance of Being Ironic: A Postcolonial View on Critical International Relations Theory)
The dichotomous choice presented in this excerpt is straightforward: one either indulges in total
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genre of critical international theory and its impact on such an activist politics. Rhetoric describes and reflects reality, it does not shape it—objective reality exists outside of language
Fram-Cohen ‘85
Michelle, “Reality, Language, Translation: What Makes Translation Possible?” American Translators Association Conference, enlightenment.supersaturated.com/essays/text/michelleframcohenpossibilityoftranslation.html, 9-24-06uwyo-ajl
Nida did not provide the philosophical basis of the view that the external world is
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not by itself provide a sufficient image of modern reality for modern users. Imagining future nuclear scenarios enables criticism of nuclear weapons ability to destroy all humankind
Foard, Associate Professor of Religion, Arizona State, 1997
(James, “Imagining Nuclear Weapons: Hiroshima, Armageddon, and the Annihilation of the Students of Ichijo School,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, http://jaar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/LXV/1/1.pdf)
This ambivalence.....one will win. Turn Nuclear war causes an authoritarian crackdown on civil liberties and derails long-term efforts at disarmament
Martin, Professor of Social Sciences in the School of Social Sciences, Media and Communication at the University of Wollongong, 1982
(Brian, “How the Peace Movement Should be Preparing for Nuclear War,” Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1982, pp. 149-159)
In addition to the important physical effects of nuclear war there would be important indirect
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developments the people and the peace movements of the world are largely unprepared. |
| 30 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge:
Costs won’t trade off with primacy-it’s cheap to maintain
Kagan 2012
Robert Kagan, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, The World America Made, 2012 uwyoamp What about the financial expense? Many seem to believe that the cost of these
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standards. The cost of remaining the world's predominant power is not prohibitive.) AMERICAN HARD POWER IS UNRIVALED—EXTREMELY HIGH
THAYER 2007
Bradley, (Professor of Strategic Studies @ Missouri State) , American Empire: A Debate , P. 12-13 wyo-tjc
The U.S. military is the best in the world and it has
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equipment and sound mainte- nance, and high levels of defense spending. Err affirmative on time-frame alone. A collapse in the short-term causes a global shock because the world is not prepared for it, triggering our scenarios overnight BRZEZINSKI (National Security Advisor) 2004
Zbigniew, The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership, Perseus, New York wyo-tjc
In reflecting on the security implications of this new reality, it is important to
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become dominant and would intimidate adjoining Arab states. P. 17
Inevitability is irrelevant because we will not survive the short-term collapse—that’s our 1AC scenarios and Short-term withdraw causes destroys stability in Afghanistan, India and Pakistan—better to hold on as long as possible MacDonald 9
Paul, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science, Columbia University, Daedalus, “Rebalancing American foreign policy”, 2009, p. asp
If the United States cannot retain its leading position or easily reconstruct the postwar liberal
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to work with these new regional powers on select issues of common interest. And, Indo-Pak war causes extinction
Washington Times 1
July 8, LN.
The most dangerous place on the planet is Kashmir, a disputed territory convulsed and
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an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention. And the transition won’t be what their evidence describes—policy makers will cling to the myth of hegemony, Layne admits Layne 10
Christopher, Professor of IR at Texas AandM, “The End of Pax Americana”, American Conservative, May 21, p. online
That the United States needs a post-Pax Americana foreign policy should be obvious
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allegedly indivisible. Intervention is thus the United States’ default in foreign policy.
First, Econ scenario- A) WITHDRAWAL TO OFFSHORE BALANCING RISKS INSTABILITY THAT DESTROYS THE ECONOMY THAYER (Professor of Strategic Studies at Missouri State) 2006
Bradley, “In Defense of Primacy”, National Interest, Dec, p. asp wyo-tjc A GRAND strategy of ensuring American primacy takes as its starting point the protection of
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on-the-ground presence that cannot be achieved by offshore balancing.
B) Collapse of the economy results in EXTINCTION BEARDEN (Lt. Col in US Army) 2000
Thomas, “The Unnecessary Energy Crisis”, Free Republic, June 24, p. online wyo-tjc History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic
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, and perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades. Second, Prolif scenario A) TRANSITION TO OSB CAUSES prolif THAYER (Professor of Strategic Studies @ Missouri State) 2007
Bradley, American Empire: A Debate , P. 109 wyo-tjc It is important to know what other countries think of the United States, but
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global problem arises, countries turn to the United States to solve it.
B) That leads to MULTIPLE NUCLEAR WARS TOTTEN (Assoc. Professor at University of Arkansas) 1994
Samuel, The Widening Circle of Genocide, p. 289 wyo-tjc
There are numerous dangers inherent in the spread of nuclear weapons, including but not
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possible that they could do so with the assistance of a renegade government.
Third, CHALLENGERS: A) OSB INVITES THREATS THAYER (Professor of Strategic Studies @ Missouri State) 2007
Bradley, American Empire: A Debate , P. 105-6 wyo-tjc
Second, U.S. power protects the United States. That sentence is
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countries will prey upon those interests, and even on the United States itself hegemony produces global stability necessary for civilization: Collapse causes a new dark age—overpopulation, disease, bio-weapons Starobin 6
Paul, editior of National Journal, The National Journal, “Beyond Hegemony”, 12.2.2006, p. lexis
The grimmest possibility is a 21st-century global version of the Dark Ages that
AND
century barbarians might have access to chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. |
| 31 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Predictions aren’t perfect but need to be made Joseph K. Clifton 11,
Claremont McKenna College “DISPUTED THEORY AND SECURITY POLICY: RESPONDING TO “THE RISE OF CHINA”,” 2011, http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164andcontext=cmc_theses, accessed 12/12/12,WYO?JF
Will Mearsheimer’s prediction come true? His confidence is clear in the bluntness of his
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theoretical positions and the strengths and weaknesses they have relative to offensive realism. Realism is inevitable—states will always seek to maximize power
John Mearsheimer, Professor, University of Chicago, THE TRAGEDY OF GREAT POWER POLITICS, 2001, p. 2.
The sad fact is that international politics has always been a ruthless and dangerous business
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the hegemon-that is, the only great power in the system. No agent to the alt- that’s bad for debate, kills education because the 2AC can’t make offensive answers to the actor, strat skew- allows them to shift out of offense and say it doesn’t link- voter for fairness and education.
Extinction is the worst impact—prioritizing anything else puts the cart before the horse
Schell 1982
(Jonathan, Professor at Wesleyan University, The Fate of the Earth, pages 136-137 uwwej) Implicit in everything that I have said so far about the nuclear predicament there has
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about, coloring our thoughts and moods with its presence throughout our lives.
Rejection of securitization causes the state to become more interventionist—turns the K
Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 127-129)
The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
AND
the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. Alternative fails—state coopts it. Only perm solves
Tara McCormack, 10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 137-138)
In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic
AND
Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time. No root cause of war
Moore, 04 Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, and Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, John Norton Moore, pages 41-2
If major interstate war is predominantly a product of a synergy between a potential nondemocratic
AND
in general, happens when levels of deterrence are dramatically increased or decreased? |
| 32 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
GOP will not budge over the debt limit
CNN, 1/4
“Debt ceiling: Welcome to Fight Club” http://money.cnn.com/2013/01/04/news/economy/debt-ceiling/?hpt=hp_t2, accessed 1/4/13,WYO/JF
Brinksmanship over the debt ceiling could make the fiscal cliff standoff look like child's play
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. "We absolutely have to have this fight over the debt limit." Boehner is rallying the GOP for an all-out fight on debt ceiling L.A. Times, 1/4
“Boehner promises Republicans he'll fight Obama over debt ceiling” http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-boehner-debt-ceiling-20130104,0,6606556.story, accessed 1/4/13,WYO/JF
In the first closed-door meeting of the Republican majority in the new Congress
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made similar remarks in the Senate as the new Congress was sworn in. Gun control and immigration thump agenda- top priority for 2013.
Weber 1/1
(Joseph, Fox News, “Guns, immigration, fiscal issues emerge as top priorities for Obama, new Congress,” January 1, 2013, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/01/01/gun-control-immigration-reform-fiscal-issues-emerge-as-top-issues-for-new///wyo-mm)
After a.....near the top. Immigrations and tax reform thump the disad, includes energy policies Davenport, 12
(Coral, “How Obama and Congress Could Find Common Ground on Energy,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/com/magazine/how-obama-and-congress-could-find-common-ground-on-energy-20121206, accessed 1/3/12,WYO/JF
One big obstacle is time. A second-term president has about two years
AND
in the Second Term. “It’s difficult to believe he’d win three.” Obama will not use PC he will cave to what the GOP wants to get them on board Catherine Poe, 1/2
Read more: http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/ad-lib/2013/jan/2/debt-ceiling-president-obama-draws-line-sand/#ixzz2GqnhmxZH, accessed 1/2/13,WYO/JF
Let’s hope so, but... believe him this time? Winners win
Marshall and Prins 11
(BRYAN W, Miami University and BRANDON C, University of Tennessee and Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force”, Sept, Presidential Studies Quarterly 41, no. 3)
Presidents rely heavily on Congress in converting their political capital into real policy success.
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made with an eye toward managing political capital at home (Fordham 2002). Obama/treasury will circumvent debt celing'
H.P, 1/4
“Harry Reid Would Back Obama If He Bucks GOP On Debt Ceiling: Source”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/04/harry-reid-obama-debt-ceiling_n_2410557.html, accessed 1/4/14,WYO/JF
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) has privately told other Democrats
AND
off the table," Reid said, according to notes of the call.
No real impact to downgraded credit rating Business Week, 12/31
“The Cliff Is Not a Credit-Rating Crisis” http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-12-31/the-cliff-is-not-a-credit-rating-crisis, accessed 1/1/13,WYO/JF
In August 2011, you’ll recall, amid the debt-ceiling debacle, Standard
AND
, creditors the world over can’t seem to get enough of American debt. Downgrades will happen regardless of the bill and what congress decides to do Daily Mail Reporter, 12/30
Investors fear another US downgrade next year despite last-minute talks Read more: http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2254984/Investors-fear-US-downgrade-year-despite-minute-talks.html#ixzz2GleV3HQZ, accessed 1/1/13,WYO/JF
A downgrade remains a distinct possibility as the US displays an ongoing reluctance to tackle
AND
of negotiations…downgrades are likely to follow across the rating agencies.’ Economic collapse does not cause war—their historical arguments are wrong Ferguson 6
(Niall, MA, D.Phil., is the Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University. He is a resident faculty member of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies. He is also a Senior Reseach Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Foreign Affairs, Sept/Oct)
Nor can economic crises explain the bloodshed. What may be the most familiar causal
AND
economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars. This isn’t a repeat of the 30’s
Zakaria 9 (Faree, PhD in Political Science from Harvard, “The Secrets of Stability,” Newsweek, December 12, http://www.newsweek.com/id/226425)
Others predicted that these economic shocks would lead to political instability and violence in the
AND
. The predictions of economic and political collapse have not materialized at all. |
| 33 | 01/06/2013 | Tournament: UTD | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
GOP is focused on EPA confirmation vote, restrictions talks are being discussed now The Hill, 1/2
“EPA nominee would face uncertain path” http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/274851-epa-nominee-would-face-rocky-uncertain-senate-path, accessed 1/2/13,WYO/JF
Senate Republicans are in no mood to allow easy confirmation of any replacement for Environmental
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over gun control and immigration, didn’t immediately launch the EPA confirmation effort.
Immigrations and tax reform thump the disad, includes energy policies Davenport, 12
(Coral, “How Obama and Congress Could Find Common Ground on Energy,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/com/magazine/how-obama-and-congress-could-find-common-ground-on-energy-20121206, accessed 1/3/12,WYO/JF
One big obstacle is time. A second-term president has about two years
AND
in the Second Term. “It’s difficult to believe he’d win three.”
No PC—Obama has alienated parts of his party and signaled that he will back down from debates in the fiscal cliff discussion
Kurtz 1 Jan
Kurtz, Howard: The Daily Beast and Newsweek’s Washington bureau chief. "Obama Fiscal Cliff Victory Could Invite Years of Warfare With the GOP." The Daily Beast. The Daily Beast, 1 Jan 2013. Web. 2 Jan 2013. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/01/01/obama-fiscal-cliff-victory-could-invite-years-of-warfare-with-the-gop.html. Wyo-BF
President Obama
in future battles.
Winners win
Marshall and Prins 11
(BRYAN W, Miami University and BRANDON C, University of Tennessee and Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, “Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force”, Sept, Presidential Studies Quarterly 41, no. 3)
Presidents rely heavily on Congress in converting their political capital into real policy success.
AND
made with an eye toward managing political capital at home (Fordham 2002). Economic collapse does not cause war—their historical arguments are wrong Ferguson 6
(Niall, MA, D.Phil., is the Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University. He is a resident faculty member of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies. He is also a Senior Reseach Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Foreign Affairs, Sept/Oct)
Nor can economic crises explain the bloodshed. What may be the most familiar causal
AND
economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars. |
| 34 | 01/10/2013 | Tournament: UNT | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge:
Plan solves—Virilio concedes the environmental movement critiques progress; connecting the destruction of the environment to the prevalence of dromology solves the accident.
Smith 09
“Ecology Beyond Ecology: Life After the Accident in Octavia Butler's Xenogenesis Trilog”y Rachel Greenwald Smith (B.A., Sarah Lawrence College (2001) M.A., Rutgers University (2004) Ph.D., Rutgers University (2008), Focus on Twentieth and twenty-first century American literature and culture, ecocriticism and environmental literature, aesthetics, theories of emotion, materialist approaches to literature, and critical theory.) MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 55, Number 3, Fall 2009, pp. 545-565 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/mfs.0.1627 http://muse.jhu.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v055/55.3.smith.html
While eschatology and ecology might seem to make odd companions, Virilio suggests that they
AND
most importantly, to a time span of many centuries. (25) The alt doesn't solve – it retrenches the impacts
Cooper 2
Simon, Senior Lecturer at the University of Sunderland, "Technoculture and Critical Theory: In the Service of the Machine?" 2002, Psychology Press, Page 129, ellipses were part of original text, nothing was removedSH
Despite an extensive catalogue of the negative effects of technology extending to over seven books
AND
is unavoidable in Virilio's work as a result of the terminology he employs. Perm do both – solves better
Cooper 2
Simon, Senior Lecturer at the University of Sunderland, "Technoculture and Critical Theory: In the Service of the Machine?" 2002, Psychology Press, Page 124SH
Virilio's description of the relationship between speed and inertia serves as a useful corrective to
AND
world, presents a more constructive approach that Virilo is able to furnish. No alt solvency- transition would be an apocalypse and would never result in the understanding of truth—only the realization of its impossibility. Only by utilizing technology can reality truly be achieved.
Otero-Pailos 2000
“Living or Leaving the Techno-Apocalypse: Paul Virilio's Critique of Technology and Its Contribution to Architecture” Author(s): Jorge Otero-Pailos (New York Architect, tenured Associate Professor of Historical Preservation at Columbia University, published in Art in America, Artforum, and Architectural Record) (Reviewed work(s):Source: Journal of Architectural Education (1984-), Vol. 54, No. 2 (Nov., 2000), pp. 104-110Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, Inc.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1425597
In The Open Sõtiny and ils Enemies, Popper claims civilization was born in the
AND
facts he presents, and ignore his critique: His argument undoes itself. |
| 35 | 01/10/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
And the perms solve best--
Freeman 2001
Freeman, Jody- Prof of law at Harvard, “contracting the state,” http://146.201.5.144/journals/lawreview/downloads/281/Freeman2.pdf//wyo-ng
Although the only truly indispensable parties in the HCP negotiation process are those whose actions
AND
no additional burdens on them in ¶ the event of changed circumstances.¶ 169 2nd, is solvency deficitys
Reg negs cause massive delays and litigation
Shepherd Grimes, JD from Florida State, 6 Ocean and Coastal L.J. 187, 2001, “COMMENT: THE FEDERAL REGIONAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCILS: A NEGOTIATED RULEMAKING APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT,” Ln
Finally, what appears to be at the heart of his argument and underlying all
AND
likelihood of changes in policy that alter the previous agreements or negotiations. n51 The cp kills investor certainty – doesn’t solve the aff or spur innovation
Coglianese 01
Cary Coglianese, Associate Professor of Public Policy, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government; Chair of the¶ Regulatory Policy Program, Center for Business and Government; and Affiliated Scholar, Harvard Law School) 2001 “Assessing The Advocacy Of Negotiated Rulemaking:¶ A Response To Philip Harter” http://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/research/c.coglianese_new.york_assessing.advocacy.pdf,
wyo-bb
In addition to giving priority to tractable issues, negotiated rulemaking may encourage imprecision or
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focus on consensus can effectively¶ remove the potential to spur innovation.”277 Impact is the case
Armond Cohen, Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, 2-13-2012, “Decarbonization: The Nuclear Option,” National Journal, energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/02/is-america-poised-for-nuclear.php
Three years ago, MIT’s Richard Lester published a simple analysis of what would be
AND
power, despite its genuine challenges, cannot be left off the table. |
| 36 | 02/05/2013 | Tournament: Weber | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge:
Rejection of securitization causes the state to become more interventionist—turns the K
Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 127-129)
The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
AND
the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. Alternative fails—state coopts it. Only perm solves
Tara McCormack, 10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 137-138)
In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic
AND
Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time. |
| 37 | 02/05/2013 | Tournament: Weber | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Cap sustainable: rising now and can recapture growth
Corcoran, 11
Terence Corcoran, Financial Post • Saturday, Jan. 8, 2011, Capitalism's comeback,
http://www.financialpost.com/opinion/columnists/Capitalism+comeback/4078699/story.html#ixzz1CYct9eqf , accessed 1-30-2011, WYO/JF
The markets are ready to take up the challenge. Corporations and investors are sitting
AND
has yet to get as far out of the way as it should. Probability There is a strong historical correlation between economic decline and war.
Mead 9 — Henry Kissinger Senior Fellow at the CFR, Professor at Yale (Walter Russel, "What Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger," The New Republic)
So far, such half-hearted experiments not only have failed to work;
AND
the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight. Collapse causes Resource hording – turns mindset shift
Monbiot, 09
George Monbiot, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London environmental science, August 17, 2009, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?,” online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change,
wyo-bb
From the second and third observations, this follows: instead of gathering as free
AND
question – what will we learn from this collapse? – is nothing. Elites will backlash at the revolution, resulting in extinction
Dasmann, 89
Raymond F. Dasmann, PhD in Zoology, professor emeritus of ecology at UC-Santa Cruz, 1989, The Ends of the Earth, edited by Donald Worster and Alfred W. Crosby, p. 288
There is really little doubt that there is a growing awareness of the necessity for
AND
whether anyone will be left to write the environmental history of our times. Economic growth solves proliferation
Burrows and Windram 94
(William and Robert, Critical Mass, p. 491-492)
Economics is in many respects proliferation’s catalyst. As we have noted, economic desperation
AND
, is the surest way to defuse proliferation and enhance true national security. And, prolif causes extinction from arms races and miscalculations
Utgoff 2
(Deputy Director of the Strategy Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses, Victor, “Proliferation, Missile Defence, and American Ambitions,” Survival, Volume 44, Number 2, Summer)
In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
AND
a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations. ECONOMIC COLLAPSE CAUSES QUICK WARMING Lovelock 06
(Inventor: Gaia theory, fellow Royal Society, fellow Green College: Oxford) 2006
James, The Revenge of Gaia p. 56-57, loghry
Recently the BBC broadcast in their Horizon series of science programmes an account of
AND
to notice that we may already be beyond the point of no return. Free market growth key to space exploration—profit incentive boosts innovation and creativity
Garmong, 2005
Robert, Ph.D. in philosophy, was a writer for the Ayn Rand Institute from 2003 to 2004, “Privatize Space Exploration.” 7-22-2005, Online, http://capitalismmagazine.com/2005/07/privatize-space-exploration /Wyo-MB
Nor would it be difficult to spur the private exploration of space–it’s been
AND
must unleash its best minds, as only the free market can do. Space solves multiple existential threats –key to survival
Pelton 03
(Joseph, Director of the Space and Advanced Communications Research institute at George Washington University and Executive Director of the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation, “COMMENTARY: Why Space? The Top 10 Reasons”, September 23, http://www.space.com/news/commentary_top10_030912.html)
Actually the lack of a space program could get us all killed. I dont
AND
Program is actually a prudent course that could save our species in time. |
| 38 | 02/05/2013 | Tournament: Weber | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge:
Gender oppression does not cause war, it’s the other way around Joshua Goldstein, Int’l Rel Prof @ American U, 2001, War and Gender, p. 412
First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working
AND
on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. Feminist critics pick away at straw arguments, nation-state interests are NOT inherently gendered – asserting they are is essentialist
Michael Lind – editor of the National Interest – 2005 Of Arms and the Woman, review of the Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War by Cynthia Enloe
http://feminism.eserver.org/of-arms-and-the-woman.txt accessed 11-20-07 nfb
Now--if you are still with me--the great intellectual challenge to the
AND
are close to conceding the point about collective human behavior made by realists. If feminists are right about patriarchal aggression you should take our impacts seriously – the prevalence of dualistic thinking means first priority is preventing a nuclear war
Victoria Davion - professor and head of the Philosophy Department at University of Georgia - 1996 “When Lives Become Logic Problems: Nuclear Deterrence, an Ecological Feminist Critique”
in Ecological Feminist Philosophies ed. Karen Warren, Indiana University Press p. 195 nfb
As I stated earlier, I do not think that taking ecological feminist critiques seriously
AND
people and nations do think dualistically, a major compo¬nent of these critiques.
A. Feminism lumps women together as a homogenous group of powerless, exploited people
Mohanty, postcolonial and transnational feminist theorist, 1986 (Chandra Talpade, Under Western Eyes, http://blog.lib.umn.edu/raim0007/RaeSpot/under%20wstrn%20eyes.pdf)
By women as a category of analysis, I am referring to the critical assumption
AND
women to prove the general point that women as a group are powerless. B. Homogenization of the concept of woman locks them into powerlessness. The alt just inverts power relations; it doesn’t resolve them
Mohanty, postcolonial and transnational feminist theorist, 1986 (Chandra Talpade, Under Western Eyes, http://blog.lib.umn.edu/raim0007/RaeSpot/under%20wstrn%20eyes.pdf)
What does this imply about the structure and functioning of power relations? The setting
AND
("the oppressed"), a familiar assumption in Western radical and liberal feminisms." Feminist epistemologies are too incoherent to formulate a political strategy
Murray 97 (Alastair, Politics Department, University of Wales Swansea, Reconstructing Realism, p. 192)
Given these problems, the attempt to establish an alternative, feminist epistemology falls apart
AND
to the realist account of international politics as it is to feminist accounts. Trying to fracture masculine domination results in more conflict.
Zalewiski and Parpart, 98
(Marysia Zalewski, Reader in the Centre for Women’s Studies, and Jane Parpart, professor of Gender Studies at University of Dalhousie, 98 The 'Man' Question in International Relations, Westview Press, Boulder, p76uwyokb)
Central though this binary conception of gender is to much of Western thought, it
AND
and which should be regarded as inferior and feminine (subjective and normative) Rhetoric describes and reflects reality, it does not shape it—objective reality exists outside of language
Fram-Cohen ‘85
Michelle, “Reality, Language, Translation: What Makes Translation Possible?” American Translators Association Conference, enlightenment.supersaturated.com/essays/text/michelleframcohenpossibilityoftranslation.html, 9-24-06uwyo-ajl
Nida did not provide the philosophical basis of the view that the external world is
AND
not by itself provide a sufficient image of modern reality for modern users. They can’t win root cause—feminism cannot resist violent responses to external factors and patriarchy does not influence other systems of oppression
Biel 91
(Janet MA @ Institute of Social Ecology at ; Finding our way: rethinking ecofeminist politic, googlebooks)
We should also be alert to the fact that a society imbued by such familial
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"ecofeminism makes political and economic systems simply derivative of male thinking."46 The state’s political power makes it feminism’s best tool to disrupt patriarchy.
Harrington, 92
Mona Harrington, lawyer, political scientist, and writer in Cambridge, MA, 1992 (“The Liberal State as an Agent of Feminist Change,” in Gendered States: Feminist (Re)Visions of International Relations Theory, ed. V. Spike Peterson, pg. 66)
In the face of such pressures, I believe that feminist critics of the present
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liberal democracies, where governments must respond roughly to the interests of voters. Total rejection provides no alternative to current dominant discourses—destabalization isn’t enough Saloom, 06
JD Univ of Georgia School of Law and M.A. in Middle Eastern Studies from U of Chicago, Fall 2006 Rachel, A Feminist Inquiry into International Law and International Relations, 12 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 159, l/n,
Because patriarchy is embedded within society, it is no surprise that the theory and
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question women's ability to speak up, challenge, and change the system. |
| 39 | 02/05/2013 | Tournament: Weber | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
Alt is just wishful thinking: Heidegger never attained a solution to technoscience.
Sikka 11
(Tina, Review of Communication, “Technology, Communication, and Society: From Heidegger and Habermas to Feenberg,” Vol 11 issue 2, 2011, Taylor and Francis, accessed via UW Librarieswyo-mm)
That Heidegger was unable to resolve the difficulties satisfactorily may have deep roots in the
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a cure that is no ordinary cure but a kind of divine intervention. No link we are not the type of technology that Heidegger is critiquing
Cohen, 10
Dustin Cohen 2010 March 10 Some Notes on Heidegger’s Question Concerning Technology (Enframing, Standing Reserve and Virtual Technologies) http://cybject.wordpress.com/2010/03/11/some-notes-on-heidegger%E2%80%99s-question-concerning-technology-enframing-standing-reserve-and-virtual-technologies/
Martin Heidegger was concerned about the status of the human amidst modern technology. Tied
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does not commandeer nature’s energy or store it for future use (Mitcham). Double bind: Heidegger simultaneously rejects technology while embracing the conveniences, this means either the perm would solve, or their alt should be rejected.
Waddington 05
(David I., Stanford University, Educational Philosophy and Theory, “A Field Guide to Heidegger: Understanding ‘The Question Concerning Technology’,” July 26, 2005, Wiley Online Librarywyo-mm)
Another significant failing of Heidegger's philosophy of technology is that the benefits of technology are
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so comfortable, while somehow apparently saying ‘no’ to them as well. Aff is a better approach to protecting the environment – alt can’t overwhelm the psychological drive to consume
Rachlinski 2k -- Associate Professor of Law, Cornell Law School. (Jeffrey, THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, 2000 U. Ill. L. Rev. 299)
The best source of a remedy for global climate change is not the conventional remedies
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the pessimistic climatologists are mistaken.the so-called "managerial class." The alt is a false choice – we need both tech and environmental consciousness
Anderson 96 -- political scientist, social psychologist, and author of numerous non-fiction books. President Emeritus of the World Academy of Art and Science; a founding Fellow of the Meridian Intl Institute; a Fellow of the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute; and a Distinguished Consulting Faculty member of Saybrook U. (Walter, There's no going back to nature, Sept/Oct 96 Issue, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/1996/09/theres-no-going-back-nature)
Projects such as this inspire enthusiasm from most people -- but are scornfully dismissed as
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of all the writers and philosophy professors who push deep ecology and bioregionalism. Even if ontology is good in the abstract, those who advocate it fail to grapple with real-world problems.
Mulligan et al 06
(Kevin, Peter Simons, and Barry Smith, Springer Science, “What’s wrong with contemporary philosophy?” 2006, http://www.springerlink.com/content/e6hl522358431760/fulltext.pdf//wyo-mm)
Another example of the lack of interest in the real world in analytic ontology and
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, ignorant of the damage their neglect is wreaking in the wider world. Renewable energy is a necessary stepping stone toward alt solvency
Scatena 11--German Honors/Communication Studies Major Film Studies minor Memorial University of Newfoundland (Debora, Environment and Technology: Finding a Solution within the Modern Framework and Human Responsibilities, International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 1;2; September 2011, http://www.ijbhtnet.com/journals/Vol_1_No_2_September_2011/12.pdf)
It is possible to move past the challenge solely after a process of democratization has
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with a series of challenges. Technology does reveal itself as a starting point to take humanity as well as knowledge and handling of the situation people are
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as many more, but steps need to be made to get started. Perm solves: Heidegger is incapable of accounting for a specific alternative to understand our ontology, he only provides techniques to guide our actions.
Schwartz 05
(Michael, Professor of History and Philosophy of Art at Augusta State University, “Introspection and Transformation in Philosophy Today,” 2005, http://www.contemplativemind.org/programs/academic/Schwartz-Introspection.pdf//wyo-mm)
In the phenomenological tradition, Heidegger’s critique of intentional consciousness in Sein und Zeit,
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uniquely helps us notice and release our subjective stance into the Open. 9 The only way life becomes meaningless is when it’s labeled as such
Victor Frankl, Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Vienna, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1946, p. 90-93
We have stated that that which was ultimately responsible for the state of the prisoner’s
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and to live in the past. Life for such people became meaningless. Energy management is key to resilience and to prevent catastrophic attacks.
Coaffee 08
(Jon, School of Environment and Development, The University of Manchester, PhD in Urban Geography analysing at the impacts of risk, terrorism and security on urban development and planning, Energy Policy, “Risk, resilience, and environmentally sustainable cities,” October 18, 2008, Science Directwyo-mm)
Although initial concerns with the ‘risk society’ were stimulated by environmentalism, more recent
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that seeks to reduce reliance on foreign energy supply (Mignone, 2007). Heidegger’s ontology is terrible: it reaffirms the status quo, its essentialist, and ends after the initial questioning of language.
Strathausen 06
(Carsten, University of Missouri-Columbia, Postmodern Culture, “A Critique of Neo-Left Ontology,” 2006, accessed via ProjectMusewyo-mm)
The recent interest in political ontology thus departs from the traditional leftist position to equate
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only the first step of the language-philosophical dialectics" (117). Alt fails—Individual approaches to environmentalism fail and trade of with institutional approaches
Maniates, 2002
Michael, Professor of Political and Environmental Science at Allegheny College, Confronting Consumption, “Individualization: plant a tree, buy a bike, save the world.” Pg. 43-66. Published by The MIT press /Wyo-MB
For the lack of a better term, call this response the individualization of responsibility
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doing little to actually increase the quantity of electricity generated from renewable resources. |
| 666 | 02/06/2013 | Tournament: When ever | Round: Where ever | Opponent: | Judge:
The cage match option is always on the table |
| 40 | 02/10/2013 | Tournament: NW | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge:
Neolib’s inevitable and movements are getting smothered out of existence—no alternative economic system
Jones 11—Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html
My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001
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of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose.
Negative ontological critique replicates a “damage-focused” theory that rein scribes violence toward Blackness – an optimistic reading of “what might be” and prioritizing complexity” is key.
McCune, J. (2012). A good black manhood is hard to find: Toward more transgressive reading practices. Spectrum: A Journal on Black Men, 1 (1), 121-140.
The adage, “a good black man is hard to find,” has been
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that promote canonical prejudice” (Roman, 1998, p. xxvi).¶
The alternative fails, it just adds another voice in the mix, but leaves foundational assumptions unchallenged
Shome, 1996
Raka, Doctoral candidate at univ of Georgia, “Postcolonial Interventions in the Rhetorical Canon: An “other” view.” Communication theory, Vol. 6 issue 1, February, 40-59, Accessed Online via Wiley Online Library, /Wyo-MB
In fact, even when we do sometimes try to break out of the Eurocen
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we fre- quently use the canon to appropriate “other” voice^.^
Racism not the root cause of all violence
Mertus 99
(Professor Julie Mertus is the co-director of Ethics, Peace and Global Affairs. She has written widely on human rights and gender, conflict, the Balkans, U.S. foreign policy and U.N. institutions. She is the author or editor of ten books, including Bait and Switch: Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy, named "human rights book of the year" by the American Political Science Association) and, most recently Human Rights Matters: Local Politics and National Human Rights Institutions and The United Nations and Human Rights. Before entering academia, she worked as a researcher, writer and lawyer for several human rights and humanitarian organizations., J.D., Yale Law School; B.S. Cornell University, International Council on Human Rights Policy, “THE ROLE OF RACISM AS A CAUSE OF OR FACTOR IN WARS AND CIVIL CONFLICT”, http://www.ichrp.org/files/papers/167/112_-_The_Role_of_Racism_as_a_Cause_of_or_Factor_in_Wars_and_Civil_Conflict_Mertus__Julie__1999.pdf)
This paper examines the role of racism as a cause of or factor in wars
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as a method of gaining power and, when necessary, waging war.
Blacks aren’t ontologically dead and Wilderson offers no alternative
SAËR MATY BÂ, teaches film at Portsmouth University, September 2011 "The US Decentred: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation" book review of Red, Black and White: Cinema and the Structure of US Antagonisms and Mama Africa: Reinventing Blackness in Bahia, Cultural Studies Review volume 17 number 2 http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/index pp. 381–91
Red, White and Black is particularly undermined by Wilderson’s propensity for exaggeration and blinkeredness
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? The coffle approaches with its answers in tow.’ (340)
No social death – history proves
Brown 9 Vincent, Prof. of History and African and African-American Studies @ Harvard Univ., December, "Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery," American Historical Review, p. 1231-1249
THE PREMISE OF ORLANDO PATTERSON’S MAJOR WORK, that enslaved Africans were natally alienated and
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of becoming ‘African American’ in culture, orientation, and identity.”40
Realism is inevitable—states will always seek to maximize power
John Mearsheimer, Professor, University of Chicago, THE TRAGEDY OF GREAT POWER POLITICS, 2001, p. 2.
The sad fact is that international politics has always been a ruthless and dangerous business
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the hegemon-that is, the only great power in the system.
Wars employ institutional racism to fuel foreign exploits
Cynthia Peters, No Date, Life After Capitalism Essays. U.S. Anti War Activism
This is a new element of war -- one that the anti-war movement
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Guatemalan peasants except that there are two lucky beneficiaries of the charitable Mattel.
Remember the last time critiquing Western knowledge production in a debate round ruptured Imperialism, Universities gladly permit such discourses by leftist academics, knowing that the proliferation of these discourses in the academy get co-opted by the sign economy and are graveyards for radical potential. Occupied UC Berkeley ‘9
(The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC; http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/, 11/19 shree)
He and his look forward
, lecture halls.
Wilderson overlooks African Diaspora, it does not look at interconnectivity of events but rather small portions of the problem, this means that he never provides a clear alternative on how to fight and solve for blackness
Maty Ba, 11
SAËR MATY BÂ, teaches film at Portsmouth University, September 2011 "The US Decentred: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation" book review of Red, Black and White: Cinema and the Structure of US Antagonisms and Mama Africa: Reinventing Blackness in Bahia, Cultural Studies Review volume 17 number 2 http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/index pp. 381–91, WYO/JF
A few pages into Red, White and Black, I feared that it would
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examples expose the fact of Wilderson’s dubious and questionable conclusions on black film.
The fight against blackness is a search for an authenticity that does not exist
Johnson, 03
E. Patrick Johnson is a performance artist and Assistant Professor of Performance Studies at Northwestern University.” “Blackness” and Authenticity:", google books,WYO/JF
The title of this book suggests that “blackness” does not belong to any
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4 Authenticity, then, is yet another trope manipulated for cultural capital. AUTHENTICITY FETISHIZATION AND ITS FEAR OF REASON AND VIOLENCE ALLOW US TO SPEND HOURS DEBATING THE FINE POINTS OF BAUDRILLARIAN ETHICS WHILE GAS CHAMBERS ARE BUILT Bewes ‘97
Timothy, doctorate in English Literature at the University of Sussex, Cynicism and Postmodernity, New York City: Verso, 1997,146-7uwyo-ajl If it is unreasonable to suppose that the Final Solution was potentiated or even necessarily
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of burning bodies is haunted always by the sickly aroma of cheap metaphysics. |
| 41 | 02/10/2013 | Tournament: NW | Round: 7 | Opponent: | Judge:
The fight against blackness is a search for an authenticity that does not exist
Johnson, 03
E. Patrick Johnson is a performance artist and Assistant Professor of Performance Studies at Northwestern University.” “Blackness” and Authenticity:", google books,WYO/JF
The title of this book suggests that “blackness” does not belong to any
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4 Authenticity, then, is yet another trope manipulated for cultural capital. AUTHENTICITY FETISHIZATION AND ITS FEAR OF REASON AND VIOLENCE ALLOW US TO SPEND HOURS DEBATING THE FINE POINTS OF BAUDRILLARIAN ETHICS WHILE GAS CHAMBERS ARE BUILT Bewes ‘97
Timothy, doctorate in English Literature at the University of Sussex, Cynicism and Postmodernity, New York City: Verso, 1997,146-7uwyo-ajl If it is unreasonable to suppose that the Final Solution was potentiated or even necessarily
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of burning bodies is haunted always by the sickly aroma of cheap metaphysics. |
| 42 | 02/10/2013 | Tournament: NW | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge:
Neolib’s inevitable and movements are getting smothered out of existence—no alternative economic system
Jones 11—Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html
My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001
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of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose.
Alt doesn’t create a movement – neolib entrenched
Comaroff,11 (September, John, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the University of Chicago, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, "The End of Neoliberalism? "What Is Left of the Left," p. 142-146), accessed 10/19/12,WYO/JF
While the world economic crisis of 2008–2009 might have killed off neoliberalism as
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for the foreseeable future—to the degree that any future is foreseeable. Incentives-based environmental action key to policy effectiveness
Economist 5 (The Economist, April 21, “Rescuing environmentalism”, http://www.economist.com/node/3888006)
“THE environmental movement's foundational concepts, its method for framing legislative proposals, and
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to an enlightened age of informed, innovative, incentive-based greenery. Can’t win root cause knowledge claims Peters 12 (Michael A, Professor of education at the University of Waikato in New Zealand and Professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, June 10, "Greening the Knowledge Economy: A Critique of Neoliberalism", http://truth-out.org/news/item/9642-greening-the-knowledge-economy-a-critique-of-neoliberalism), accessed 10/31/12,WYO/JF
The neoliberal reading is also sometimes associated with the growth of sign economies and financialization
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even the creative economy (Peters et al, 2009, UN 2010).
Securitization doesn’t result in war except when heg isn’t there to check it.
Gartzke 12—Erik Gartzke, University of California, San Diego, Could climate change precipitate peace?, Journal of Peace Research 49(1) 177–192, http://www.openbriefing.org/docs/JPRclimateconflict.pdf
Violent conflict occurs wherever human beings inhabit the globe. Disputes require some mechanism for
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and information to determine whether certain situations make force more or less likely. Rejection of securitization causes the state to become more interventionist—turns the K
Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 127-129)
The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
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the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. Collapse causes Resource hording – turns mindset shift
Monbiot, 09
George Monbiot, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London environmental science, August 17, 2009, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?,” online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change,
wyo-bb
From the second and third observations, this follows: instead of gathering as free
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question – what will we learn from this collapse? – is nothing.
Elites will backlash at the revolution, resulting in extinction
Dasmann, 89
Raymond F. Dasmann, PhD in Zoology, professor emeritus of ecology at UC-Santa Cruz, 1989, The Ends of the Earth, edited by Donald Worster and Alfred W. Crosby, p. 288
There is really little doubt that there is a growing awareness of the necessity for
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whether anyone will be left to write the environmental history of our times. Economic growth solves proliferation
Burrows and Windram 94
(William and Robert, Critical Mass, p. 491-492)
Economics is in many respects proliferation’s catalyst. As we have noted, economic desperation
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, is the surest way to defuse proliferation and enhance true national security.
And, prolif causes extinction from arms races and miscalculations
Utgoff 2
(Deputy Director of the Strategy Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses, Victor, “Proliferation, Missile Defence, and American Ambitions,” Survival, Volume 44, Number 2, Summer)
In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations. ECONOMIC COLLAPSE CAUSES QUICK WARMING Lovelock 06
(Inventor: Gaia theory, fellow Royal Society, fellow Green College: Oxford) 2006
James, The Revenge of Gaia p. 56-57, loghry
Recently the BBC broadcast in their Horizon series of science programmes an account of
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to notice that we may already be beyond the point of no return.
Free market growth key to space exploration—profit incentive boosts innovation and creativity
Garmong, 2005
Robert, Ph.D. in philosophy, was a writer for the Ayn Rand Institute from 2003 to 2004, “Privatize Space Exploration.” 7-22-2005, Online, http://capitalismmagazine.com/2005/07/privatize-space-exploration /Wyo-MB
Nor would it be difficult to spur the private exploration of space–it’s been
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must unleash its best minds, as only the free market can do.
Space solves multiple existential threats –key to survival
Pelton 03
(Joseph, Director of the Space and Advanced Communications Research institute at George Washington University and Executive Director of the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation, “COMMENTARY: Why Space? The Top 10 Reasons”, September 23, http://www.space.com/news/commentary_top10_030912.html)
Actually the lack of a space program could get us all killed. I dont
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Program is actually a prudent course that could save our species in time. |
| 43 | 02/28/2013 | Tournament: Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
Bluefin tuna overfishing is happening now, the fish is near collapse
WWI, 12
“Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fishery at Risk of Collapse; Campaign Needed to Save Species” http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4341, accessed 2/1/13,WYO/JF
On July 5, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) released a report documenting
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spawning refuges for the fish, tuna fleets are accelerating their own demise.” Bluefin tuna species are about to collapse, affects whole ocean biodiversity
William t. hogarth,07
Chairman of iCCat, Global Marine Programme WWF International “on the brink mediterranean bluefin tuna” http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/lib/pdf_marine/tuna/onthebrinktunacollapse.pdf, accessed 2/1/13,WYO/JF
Ecological impacts Tuna stocks across the world are at risk, but the decline in
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experiencing a stock boom, and this was then targeted for fishing instead. Ocean collapse causes extinction
Craig 3
Robin Kundis. Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law. McGeorge Law Review. Winter 2003. l/n.
The world's oceans contain many resources and provide many services that humans consider valuable.
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biodiversity can be traced not to natural events but to inadequate policies. n24 Offshore wind is key to protect overfishing of Bluefin tuna Risib, 07
“The potential compatibility of offshore wind power and fisheries: An example using bluefin tuna in the Adriatic Sea” Andrew H. Fayrama, Arturo de Risib
a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 101 South Webster Street, Madison, WI 53711, USA
b Energy and Environment Research Center, University of Salento, Via per Anesano, Lecce 73100, Italy
http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.uwyo.edu/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2007.05.004, accessed 1/17/13,WYO/JF
Given the increasing competition for marine resources, regulatory strategies that benefit multiple stakeholders are
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affect the fisheries management there, particularly for bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus).
And, the plan solves – reverses damages to marine ecosystems – creates habitat rehabilitation and solves fish access
Attril, 11 Marine renewable energy: potential benefits to biodiversity? An urgent call for research Inger, R., Attrill, M. J., Bearhop, S., Broderick, A. C., Grecian, W. J., Hodgson, D. J., Mills, C., Sheehan, E., Votier, S. C., Witt, M. J., Godley, B. J. 2011/12/01 Journal of Applied Ecology1145-1153, http://mhk.pnnl.gov/wiki/index.php/Marine_renewable_energy:_potential_benefits_to_biodiversity%3F_An_urgent_call_for_research
Possible benefits to biodiversity The environment of our coastal waters is being increasingly compromised by
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leaving little chance of recovery (Kaiser et al. 2006a,b). And, that enhances biodiversity and reverses anthropogenic pressures – wind key
Attril, 11 Marine renewable energy: potential benefits to biodiversity? An urgent call for research Inger, R., Attrill, M. J., Bearhop, S., Broderick, A. C., Grecian, W. J., Hodgson, D. J., Mills, C., Sheehan, E., Votier, S. C., Witt, M. J., Godley, B. J. 2011/12/01 Journal of Applied Ecology1145-1153, http://mhk.pnnl.gov/wiki/index.php/Marine_renewable_energy:_potential_benefits_to_biodiversity%3F_An_urgent_call_for_research - The evidence for anthropogenically induced climate change is overwhelming with the production of
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to be resolved if the sector is to move forward to best effect.
|
| 44 | 02/28/2013 | Tournament: Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge: European markets have already reached their capacity, new growth in demand is key
Zacks Investment Research, 12
Thursday 8:39 PM EST, Alternative Energy Stock Outlook - October 2012 - Industry Outlook, LN
Historically, the growth outlook of alternative energy companies has been directly related to the
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increasingly focusing on the Chinese, Indian and U.S. markets. First round of turbines would be from Europe MCTC, 10
Massachusetts Clean Energy Center, “Port and Infrastructure Analysis for Offshore Wind Energy Development”online, accessed 10/26/12,WYO/JF
The turbines used for .....Appendix A provides further details). US EU cooperation depends on effective energy sector collaboration – a firm US commitment solidifies broader strategic cooperation – solves Russian resurgence
Koryani, 11 David, Deputy Director of the Dinu Patriciu Eurasia Center of the Atlantic Council of the United States “Transatlantic energy futures”, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/publications/books/Transatlantic_Energy_Futures/Transatlantic_Energy_Futures.pdf
Transatlantic cooperation is key to addressing all the above challenges¶ and dilemmas. Due
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to move¶ to some other planet if we do not adjust course. Cooperation accesses every global impact—especially the Balkans and terrorism
Stivachtis 10 – Director of International Studies Program @ Virginia Polytechnic Institute Dr. Yannis. A. Stivachtis (Professor of Poli Sci @ Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Ph.D. in Politics and International Relations from Lancaster University), THE IMPERATIVE FOR TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION,” The Research Institute for European and American Studies, 2010, pg. http://www.rieas.gr/research-areas/global-issues/transatlantic-studies/78.html
There is no doubt that US-European relations are in a period of transition
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of threats is clearly perceived by publics on both sides of the Atlantic.
Actually, Americans and Europeans see eye to eye on more issues than one would
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the need to act decisively against those who do not share that vision.
Balkans go nuclear
Scherbak 8 – Advisor to the Chair of the Parliament of Ukraine (Yuri Scherbak (President of the Institute for Sustainable Development of Ukraine), Ten Theses about the Russian-Georgian Conflict: A View from Ukraine, Nov 2008, pg. http://www.boell.pl/downloads/Georgia_war_from_UA_perspective_by_Y.Scherbak.pdf)
2. The war in Caucasus attested that frozen conflicts, preserving tensions around them
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nuclear power against its weak neighbors can lead to a new global conflict. Terrorism causes nuclear war
Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies, Director of Strategic Studies: New Zealand, Senior Research Associate with Oxford’s Centre for International Studies. “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July 2010, pages 571-593)
Washington's early response to a terrorist nuclear attack on its own soil might also raise
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consultation from Washington that the latter found itself unable or unwilling to provide. Plan is key to solve cooperation, streamlined permitting is key
Portman, 10 Marine Renewable¶ Energy Policy¶ Some US and International Perspectives Compared, Michelle E, Assistant Professor/Senior Lecturer Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Research Areas: environmental, http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/23-2_portman.pdf
Lessons for Policy Deve lopmen t¶ From the growing literature on the¶ subject
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by greater technological advances,¶ continued cost reduction, and streamlined¶ permitting.¶ And, tech development ensures international diffusion – know how, personnel movement and regional hubs – serves multiple distinct markets and resolves skilled labor shortages
Brewer, 9/12/12 September 2012Issues and Options for Institutional Architectures Thomas L. Brewer, Senior Fellow, ICTSDA International Technology Diffusion in a Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement (SETA), http://ictsd.org/downloads/2012/10/international-technology-diffusion-in-a-sustainable-energy-trade-agreement.pdf
International diffusion The international diffusion of sustainable energy technologies is not only important for climate
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issues is thus essential to mitigate climate change. As for technological solutions: That bolsters collaboration—plan spills over
Martin, 9/20/12 David Martin is Director of the Offshore Marine Academy, Securing Skills for a Successful Offshore Wind Industry
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/09/securing-skills-for-offshore-wind
Bristol, UK -- Trade group RenewableUK has said that the offshore wind and marine
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maturity, its resilience — and its ability to adapt for the future. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
U.S. Shipbuilding industry is collapsing Paulo Santos, 12
Paulo Santos is a Portuguese independent trader, analyst and algorithmic trading expert, having worked for both sell side (brokerage) and buy side (fund management) institutions. “Expecting A Bust In The Shipbuilding Industry” http://seekingalpha.com/article/341301-expecting-a-bust-in-the-shipbuilding-industry, accessed 12/20/12,WYO/JF
As the Baltic Dry Index plunges ever lower, taking out the 2008 lows,
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that, as I have written earlier, steel prices are already falling.
Lack of regulatory clarity and speed with federal permitting destroys investment decisions in OSW broadly and in ship-building specifically Bondaref 12
Joan, analyst with Blank Rome LLP, “Is the Time Right to Expedite Offshore Wind”, North American Wind Power, July, p. http://www.nawindpower.com/digitaleditions/Main.php?MagID=2andMagNo=31 wyo-tjc
While well intentioned, the U.S. Department of the Interior’s (DOI
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. Gamesa’s actions should serve as a warning to federal and state agencies. U.S. shipbuilding is declining now, it is key to U.S. primacy, commercial industry is key NDU,06
“National Defense Univeristy” The Industrial College of the Armed SHIPBUILDING 2006Forceshttp:www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a475378.pdf, accessed 12/2/12,WYO/JF
The United States is a maritime nation, with 95,000 miles of coastline
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addition, there are concerns about the industry skilled labor and engineering workforce.
Robust maritime industry key to military readiness
AMP 2012
(American Maritime Partnership, “U.S. TRANSCOM General Says Domestic Maritime Industry is "Fourth Arm of Defense”, 5-22, http://www.americanmaritimepartnership.com/news/2012/052212%20NMD.html, DOA: 7-13-13)
U.S. TRANSCOM Commanding General William Fraser III today said maintaining a strong
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, transported 90 percent of all military cargoes moved to Afghanistan and Iraq. Readiness is key to deterring global wars
Spencer, 00
Policy Analyst at Heritage, 9/15/ 2000, Jack, Heritage Backgrounder #1394 (PDCL1741) Military readiness is vital because declines in America's military readiness signal to the rest of
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from acting aggressively in regions of vital national interest, thereby preserving peace. Heg creates peace, world without leads to catastrophe war Kagan, 12
Why the World Needs America --- Foreign-policy pundits increasingly argue that democracy and free markets could thrive without U.S. predominance; If this sounds too good to be true, writes Robert Kagan, that's because it is Wall Street Journal New York, N.Y 11 Feb 2012: C.1. Lexis, accessed 2-15-2012,WYO/JF
If and when American power declines, the institutions and norms that American power has
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what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.
Thriving OSW industry jumpstarts shipbuilding and port improvements throughout the United States- leadership now is crucial to avoid the US shipping industries and ports from being locked-out of global competition Bondaref 12
Joan, analyst with Blank Rome LLP, “Is the Time Right to Expedite Offshore Wind”, North American Wind Power, July, p. http://www.nawindpower.com/digitaleditions/Main.php?MagID=2andMagNo=31 wyo-tjc
Europe has been at the forefront of renewable energy and, in particular, offshore
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could be a strong manufacturing base and job market for years to come. U.S. seapower is key to deter Chinese hegemony and war in the south china sea Cropsey, 12
Dr. Seth Cropsey Hudson Institute “The U.S. Navy Shipbuilding Plan: Assumptions and Associated Risks to National Security” http://www.hudson.org/files/publications/SethCropsey~-~-USNavyShipbuildingPlan~-~-Testimony041812.pdf, accessed 12/20/12,WYO/JF
A nation burdened with massive debt whose ability to shape world events has been limited
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political liberty would benefit for the remainder of this century. Thank you. CONFLICT IN THE SCS ESCALATES TO FULL-SCALE NUCLEAR WAR STRAITS TIMES 1995
staff, “Choose Your Own Style of Democracy”, May 21, p. ln wyo-tjc
In his speech, Dr Mahathir also painted three scenarios for Asia.
In the first -the worst possible scenario -Asian countries would go to war
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full-scale war breaks out with both sides resorting to nuclear weapons. European markets have already reached their capacity, new growth in demand is key
Zacks Investment Research, 12
Thursday 8:39 PM EST, Alternative Energy Stock Outlook - October 2012 - Industry Outlook, LN
Historically, the growth outlook of alternative energy companies has been directly related to the
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increasingly focusing on the Chinese, Indian and U.S. markets. First round of turbines would be from Europe MCTC, 10
Massachusetts Clean Energy Center, “Port and Infrastructure Analysis for Offshore Wind Energy Development”online, accessed 10/26/12,WYO/JF
The turbines used for .....Appendix A provides further details). US EU cooperation depends on effective energy sector collaboration – a firm US commitment solidifies broader strategic cooperation – solves Russian resurgence
Koryani, 11 David, Deputy Director of the Dinu Patriciu Eurasia Center of the Atlantic Council of the United States “Transatlantic energy futures”, http://transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu/publications/books/Transatlantic_Energy_Futures/Transatlantic_Energy_Futures.pdf
Transatlantic cooperation is key to addressing all the above challenges¶ and dilemmas. Due
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to move¶ to some other planet if we do not adjust course. Cooperation accesses every global impact—especially the Balkans and terrorism
Stivachtis 10 – Director of International Studies Program @ Virginia Polytechnic Institute Dr. Yannis. A. Stivachtis (Professor of Poli Sci @ Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Ph.D. in Politics and International Relations from Lancaster University), THE IMPERATIVE FOR TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION,” The Research Institute for European and American Studies, 2010, pg. http://www.rieas.gr/research-areas/global-issues/transatlantic-studies/78.html
There is no doubt that US-European relations are in a period of transition
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of threats is clearly perceived by publics on both sides of the Atlantic.
Actually, Americans and Europeans see eye to eye on more issues than one would
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the need to act decisively against those who do not share that vision.
Balkans go nuclear
Scherbak 8 – Advisor to the Chair of the Parliament of Ukraine (Yuri Scherbak (President of the Institute for Sustainable Development of Ukraine), Ten Theses about the Russian-Georgian Conflict: A View from Ukraine, Nov 2008, pg. http://www.boell.pl/downloads/Georgia_war_from_UA_perspective_by_Y.Scherbak.pdf)
2. The war in Caucasus attested that frozen conflicts, preserving tensions around them
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nuclear power against its weak neighbors can lead to a new global conflict. Plan is key to solve cooperation, streamlined permitting is key
Portman, 10 Marine Renewable¶ Energy Policy¶ Some US and International Perspectives Compared, Michelle E, Assistant Professor/Senior Lecturer Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. Research Areas: environmental, http://www.tos.org/oceanography/archive/23-2_portman.pdf
Lessons for Policy Deve lopmen t¶ From the growing literature on the¶ subject
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by greater technological advances,¶ continued cost reduction, and streamlined¶ permitting.¶ And, tech development ensures international diffusion – know how, personnel movement and regional hubs – serves multiple distinct markets and resolves skilled labor shortages
Brewer, 9/12/12 September 2012Issues and Options for Institutional Architectures Thomas L. Brewer, Senior Fellow, ICTSDA International Technology Diffusion in a Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement (SETA), http://ictsd.org/downloads/2012/10/international-technology-diffusion-in-a-sustainable-energy-trade-agreement.pdf
International diffusion The international diffusion of sustainable energy technologies is not only important for climate
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issues is thus essential to mitigate climate change. As for technological solutions: That bolsters collaboration—plan spills over
Martin, 9/20/12 David Martin is Director of the Offshore Marine Academy, Securing Skills for a Successful Offshore Wind Industry
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/09/securing-skills-for-offshore-wind
Bristol, UK -- Trade group RenewableUK has said that the offshore wind and marine
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maturity, its resilience — and its ability to adapt for the future. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge: Aesthetics focus makes ethics and politics impossible.Biskowski 95 Lawrence J., Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgia, 19,Politics Versus Aesthetics: Arendt’s Critiques of Nietzsche and Heidegger, The Review of Politics, Vol. 57, No. 1, Winter 1995, pg 64-66
This turn inward and toward the self, surely the product of liberating insights,
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our im- pulses and caprices lionized as self-e xpre ssion. Mir and Mir, 2002
~Raza, Raza Mir is Assistant Professor of Management at Monmouth University, Ali Mir is Assistant Professor of Management at Monmouth University, "The organizational imagination: From paradigm wars to Praxis." Organizational Research Methods5. 1 (Jan 2002): 105-125, Access online via proquest~ /Wyo-MB
Although the role of critical organizational scholars in terms of expanding the terrain of the
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their role in the academy and their responsibility as agents of social transformation. Todd May, prof @ Clemson. "To change the world, to celebrate life," Philosophy %26 Social Criticism 2005 Vol 31 nos 5–6 pp. 517–531
To change the world and to celebrate life. This, as the theologian Harvey
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who would be more than willing to take your world up for you. Trying to stop suffering is good – it affirms life and allows people the choice of how they want to find meaning in life
Mitchell Smolkin. Understanding Pain, 1989 p75-79
For Camus, the absurdity of the human condition consists in the incongruity between what
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rats again and send them forth to die in a happy city."76 Victor Frankl, Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Vienna, Man’s Search for Meaning, 1946, p. 104
But I did not only talk of the future and the veil which was drawn
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to find us suffering proudly—not miserably—knowing how to die. Jerrold Levinson, Professor of Philosophy, University of Maryland . "Intrinsic Value and the Notion of a Life," The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 62:4 Fall 2004
Why, though, should we care about intrinsic value, either what it means
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but dust and ashes; and it is here that questioning must stop. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
Attempting to Assess Chinese motivation is possible and epistemologically useful—-
Joseph K. Clifton 11,
Claremont McKenna College "DISPUTED THEORY AND SECURITY POLICY: RESPONDING TO "THE RISE OF CHINA"," 2011, http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164%26context=cmc_theses
First, motives can be known. Mearsheimer is correct in observing that assessing motives
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, which is preferable because of the possibility of reducing competition and conflict. TTheir K is useless in crafting policy response to Chinese action
Joseph K. Clifton 11, "DISPUTED THEORY AND SECURITY POLICY: RESPONDING TO "THE RISE OF CHINA"," 2011, http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164%26context=cmc_theses
Criticism also exists for the epistemological basis of mainstream IR theory, positivism, resulting
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then know more or less about the social and the natural worlds?" 163
This is a reason to combine approaches pragmatically via the perhis is a reason to combine approaches pragmatically via the permutation
Joseph K. Clifton 11, "DISPUTED THEORY AND SECURITY POLICY: RESPONDING TO "THE RISE OF CHINA"," 2011, http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164%26context=cmc_theses
This brief overview of some of the different theoretical positions applied to the rise of
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as a good way to empower policymakers, but it is also arbitrary. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge: Bush, 2012
~Stephen, assistant professor of religious studies at Brown University, GEORGES BATAILLE’S MYSTICAL CRUELTY, 0.3:551–555, 2012 Journal of Religious Ethics, Inc.~ /Wyo-MB
However, I do not think that the instrumentalization/non- instrumentalization distinction has
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, but rather between different types of instrumentalizing, subject-object relations. Securitization doesn’t result in war except when heg isn’t there to check it.
Gartzke 12—Erik Gartzke, University of California, San Diego, Could climate change precipitate peace?, Journal of Peace Research 49(1) 177–192, http://www.openbriefing.org/docs/JPRclimateconflict.pdf
Violent conflict occurs wherever human beings inhabit the globe. Disputes require some mechanism for
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and information to determine whether certain situations make force more or less likely. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Security is inevitable; becoming more responsible in our deployments and criticisms of security solves better than total rejections because security is a politically powerful signifier.
Burke 7 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, June 2007, What security makes possible: Some thoughts on critical security studies)
The Copenhagen School’s analyses open a door, however briefly, to an important insight
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defined and practiced in normatively better ways, and kept under continual scrutiny.
Rejection leaves security apparatus intact, only the permutation can solve Williams 3 (Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales, "Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics," International Studies Quarterly, 47(4), AD: 7-10-9) BL
I would like to suggest that it is in response to these issues, and
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He mythologizes war and enmity as the paramount moments of political life.32 Security discourse is inevitable. Williams 3 (Michael, Prof. of International Politics at the Univ. of Wales, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 511-531)
The first, and simplest point is that in some ways the Copenhagen School treats securitization not as a normative question, but as an objective process and possibility. Very much like Schmitt, they view securitization as a social possibility intrinsic to political life. In regard to his concept of the political, for example, Schmitt once argued,
It is irrelevant here whether one rejects, accepts, or perhaps finds it an
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some of the worst excesses made possible by a Schmittian understanding of politics. Critical theory is not able to predict the outcome of desecuritization – the alternative is nothing more than wishful thinking. Mearsheimer 95 (John, Prof. of Poli Sci at the Univ. of Chicago, International Security, Vol. 19, No. 3, Winter 1994-1995, pp. 5-49)
There is another problem with the application of critical theory to international relations. Although
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far more violent than realism will not emerge as the new hegemonic discourse.
By trying to prevent security, we secure the status quo, the K links to itself
Dillon 96 (Michael, Prof@Lancaster, Politics of Security, p.30-31)JFS
Security cannot be taken as an unproblematic ontological predicate of the political because the question
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inevitably dangerous, it is dangerous in different ways and for different reasons. Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 127-129)
The following section will briefly raise some questions about the rejection of the old security
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the political limits of the framework proposed by critical and emancipatory theoretical approaches. Alternative fails—state coopts it. Only perm solves
Tara McCormack, 10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 137-138)
In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic
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Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time.
No root cause of war
Moore, 04 ~Dir. Center for Security Law @ University of Virginia, 7-time Presidential appointee, %26 Honorary Editor of the American Journal of International Law, Solving the War Puzzle: Beyond the Democratic Peace, John Norton Moore, pages 41-2~
If major interstate war is predominantly a product of a synergy between a potential nondemocratic
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in general, happens when levels of deterrence are dramatically increased or decreased? |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UNLV EJ | Judge: Samuels
*Advantage Two
The status quo’s regulatory model is a bad one- it destroys investment in clean technology, locking in all the impacts of fossil fuel emissions which includes warming, economic losses, disease, and resource wars
Thaler 12
Jeffrey, University of Maine's first Visiting Professor of Energy Policy, Law and Ethics, and Assistant University Counsel for environmental, energy and sustainability projects, “Fiddling as the world burns: How climate change urgently requires a paradigm shift in the permitting of renewable energy projects”, Environmental Law, Volume 42, Issue 4, Forthcoming, p. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2148122 wyo-tjc
This Article instead will start with the oft-stated goal of increasing domestic and international reliance upon carbon-emission-free renewable energy3 sources while decreasing use of fossil fuel energy sources,4 and ask the question few have addressed concretely: how can we more quickly achieve that goal to slow the devastating effects of increasing greenhouse gases, if we do not first tackle the significant barriers posed by the outdated and often self-defeating maze of regulatory requirements? The need to act is urgent if we are to make sufficient and timely progress toward reduced fossil fuel reliance.¶ To best understand the urgency, Part I begins with a look at our current fossil and renewable energy mix in the generation of electricity,5 and then reviews the current and predicted climate change impacts on and threats to us from our energy choices. At stake are several hundred billion dollars of climate change-related damages each year just in the United States—from farming, fishing, and forestry industries increasingly harmed by changing temperature and precipitation patterns; coastlines increasingly threatened by rising sea levels; business and insurance sectors hit by the growing number of extreme weather events; public health increasingly threatened by disease and mortality from over-reliance on fossil-fueled emissions; and national security increasingly at risk from protecting more foreign sources of fossil fuels and from resource-related conflicts resulting in more violence and displaced persons.¶ Unfortunately, as the economic and health costs from fossil fuel emissions have grown so too has the byzantine labyrinth of laws and regulations to be navigated before a renewable energy project can be approved, let alone financed and developed. 6 The root cause goes back to the 1970s when some of our fundamental environmental laws were enacted, before we were aware of climate change threats, to slow down the review of proposed projects by requiring more studies of potential project impacts before approval.7 But in our increasingly carbon-based 21st century, we need a paradigm shift. While achieving important goals, those federal laws and regulations, and similar ones at the state and local levels, have become so unduly burdensome, slow, and expensive that they will chill investment in, and kill any significant growth of, renewable carbon-free energy sources and projects, thereby imposing huge economic, environmental and social costs upon both our country and the world8 unless they are substantially changed. Indeed, by 2050 the U.S. must reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 80% to even stabilize atmospheric levels of carbon, and can do so by increasing generated electricity from renewable sources from the current thirteen percent up to eighty percent9-- but only if there are targeted new policy efforts to accelerate, fifty times faster than since 1990, implementation of clean, renewable energy sources.10
The plan is key to reinvigorate U.S. Environmental Leadership
Schiffer 4 (Lois J., “The National Environmental Policy Act today, with an emphasis on its application across U.S. Borders,” Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum, Vol. 14:2, 2004, http://www.eli.org/pdf/seminars/NEPA/NEPA%20Today.pdf)
States and other countries have emulated NEPA. The CEQ website lists seventeen states (including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) that have laws similar to NEPA. 7 Further, over one hundred countries, as well as many international organizations such as the World Bank, have analogous laws and procedures. 8 The United States has been considered a model of environmental leadership, in part because of the importance of its environmental review process. So what is happening to NEPA as middle age wears on? This article will focus on two conditions of NEPA’s advancing middle age. First, efforts by the Bush Administration to limit this important tool through statutory interpretation, litigation, and legislation to the detriment of the statute and to United States global leadership in environmental issues will be discussed. Then, the influence of NEPA beyond U.S. borders will be considered. NEPA’s influence beyond U.S. borders, sometimes referred to as “extraterritorial application of NEPA,” has long been contentious. It is a helpful case study of NEPA in an increasingly globalized world with growing concern about the United States’ environmental leadership. U.S. environmental leadership prevents CCP collapse
Economy 7 (Elizabeth, Senior Fellow and Director for Asian Studies – Council on Foreign Relations, “The Great Leap Backward?”, Foreign Affairs, September/October, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/great-leap-backward)
In the view of China's leaders, however, damage to the environment itself is a secondary problem. Of greater concern to them are its indirect effects: the threat it poses to the continuation of the Chinese economic miracle and to public health, social stability, and the country's international reputation. Taken together, these challenges could undermine the authority of the Communist Party. China's leaders are worried about the environment's impact on the economy. Several studies conducted both inside and outside China estimate that environmental degradation and pollution cost the Chinese economy between 8 percent and 12 percent of GDP annually. The Chinese media frequently publish the results of studies on the impact of pollution on agriculture, industrial output, or public health: water pollution costs of $35.8 billion one year, air pollution costs of $27.5 billion another, and on and on with weather disasters ($26.5 billion), acid rain ($13.3 billion), desertification ($6 billion), or crop damage from soil pollution ($2.5 billion). The city of Chongqing, which sits on the banks of the Yangtze River, estimates that dealing with the effects of water pollution on its agriculture and public health costs as much as 4.3 percent of the city's annual gross product. Shanxi Province has watched its coal resources fuel the rest of the country while it pays the price in withered trees, contaminated air and water, and land subsidence. Local authorities there estimate the costs of environmental degradation and pollution at 10.9 percent of the province's annual gross product and have called on Beijing to compensate the province for its "contribution and sacrifice." China's Ministry of Public Health is also sounding the alarm with increasing urgency. In a survey of 30 cities and 78 counties released in the spring, the ministry blamed worsening air and water pollution for dramatic increases in the incidence of cancer throughout the country: a 19 percent rise in urban areas and a 23 percent rise in rural areas since 2005. One research institute affiliated with SEPA has put the total number of premature deaths in China caused by respiratory diseases related to air pollution at 400,000 a year. But this may be a conservative estimate: according to a joint research project by the World Bank and the Chinese government released this year, the total number of such deaths is 750,000 a year. (Beijing is said not to have wanted to release the latter figure for fear of inciting social unrest.) Less well documented but potentially even more devastating is the health impact of China's polluted water. Today, fully 190 million Chinese are sick from drinking contaminated water. All along China's major rivers, villages report skyrocketing rates of diarrheal diseases, cancer, tumors, leukemia, and stunted growth. Social unrest over these issues is rising. In the spring of 2006, China's top environmental official, Zhou Shengxian, announced that there had been 51,000 pollution-related protests in 2005, which amounts to almost 1,000 protests each week. Citizen complaints about the environment, expressed on official hotlines and in letters to local officials, are increasing at a rate of 30 percent a year; they will likely top 450,000 in 2007. But few of them are resolved satisfactorily, and so people throughout the country are increasingly taking to the streets. For several months in 2006, for example, the residents of six neighboring villages in Gansu Province held repeated protests against zinc and iron smelters that they believed were poisoning them. Fully half of the 4,000-5,000 villagers exhibited lead-related illnesses, ranging from vitamin D deficiency to neurological problems. Many pollution-related marches are relatively small and peaceful. But when such demonstrations fail, the protesters sometimes resort to violence. After trying for two years to get redress by petitioning local, provincial, and even central government officials for spoiled crops and poisoned air, in the spring of 2005, 30,000-40,000 villagers from Zhejiang Province swarmed 13 chemical plants, broke windows and overturned buses, attacked government officials, and torched police cars. The government sent in 10,000 members of the People's Armed Police in response. The plants were ordered to close down, and several environmental activists who attempted to monitor the plants' compliance with these orders were later arrested. China's leaders have generally managed to prevent – if sometimes violently – discontent over environmental issues from spreading across provincial boundaries or morphing into calls for broader political reform. In the face of such problems, China's leaders have recently injected a new urgency into their rhetoric concerning the need to protect the country's environment. On paper, this has translated into an aggressive strategy to increase investment in environmental protection, set ambitious targets for the reduction of pollution and energy intensity (the amount of energy used to produce a unit of GDP), and introduce new environmentally friendly technologies. In 2005, Beijing set out a number of impressive targets for its next five-year plan: by 2010, it wants 10 percent of the nation's power to come from renewable energy sources, energy intensity to have been reduced by 20 percent and key pollutants such as sulfur dioxide by 10 percent, water consumption to have decreased by 30 percent, and investment in environmental protection to have increased from 1.3 percent to 1.6 percent of GDP. Premier Wen Jiabao has issued a stern warning to local officials to shut down some of the plants in the most energy-intensive industries – power generation and aluminum, copper, steel, coke and coal, and cement production – and to slow the growth of other industries by denying them tax breaks and other production incentives. These goals are laudable – even breathtaking in some respects – but history suggests that only limited optimism is warranted; achieving such targets has proved elusive in the past. In 2001, the Chinese government pledged to cut sulfur dioxide emissions by 10 percent between 2002 and 2005. Instead, emissions rose by 27 percent. Beijing is already encountering difficulties reaching its latest goals: for instance, it has failed to meet its first target for reducing energy intensity and pollution. Despite warnings from Premier Wen, the six industries that were slated to slow down posted a 20.6 percent increase in output during the first quarter of 2007 – a 6.6 percent jump from the same period last year. According to one senior executive with the Indian wind-power firm Suzlon Energy, only 37 percent of the wind-power projects the Chinese government approved in 2004 have been built. Perhaps worried that yet another target would fall by the wayside, in early 2007, Beijing revised its announced goal of reducing the country's water consumption by 30 percent by 2010 to just 20 percent. Even the Olympics are proving to be a challenge. Since Beijing promised in 2001 to hold a "green Olympics" in 2008, the International Olympic Committee has pulled out all the stops. Beijing is now ringed with rows of newly planted trees, hybrid taxis and buses are roaming its streets (some of which are soon to be lined with solar-powered lamps), the most heavily polluting factories have been pushed outside the city limits, and the Olympic dormitories are models of energy efficiency. Yet in key respects, Beijing has failed to deliver. City officials are backtracking from their pledge to provide safe tap water to all of Beijing for the Olympics; they now say that they will provide it only for residents of the Olympic Village. They have announced drastic stopgap measures for the duration of the games, such as banning one million of the city's three million cars from the city's streets and halting production at factories in and around Beijing (some of them are resisting). Whatever progress city authorities have managed over the past six years – such as increasing the number of days per year that the city's air is deemed to be clean – is not enough to ensure that the air will be clean for the Olympic Games. Preparing for the Olympics has come to symbolize the intractability of China's environmental challenges and the limits of Beijing's approach to addressing them. PROBLEMS WITH THE LOCALS Clearly, something has got to give. The costs of inaction to China's economy, public health, and international reputation are growing. And perhaps more important, social discontent is rising. The Chinese people have clearly run out of patience with the government's inability or unwillingness to turn the environmental situation around. And the government is well aware of the increasing potential for environmental protest to ignite broader social unrest. One event this spring particularly alarmed China's leaders. For several days in May in the coastal city of Xiamen, after months of mounting opposition to the planned construction of a $1.4 billion petrochemical plant nearby, students and professors at Xiamen University, among others, are said to have sent out a million mobile-phone text messages calling on their fellow citizens to take to the streets on June 1. That day, and the following, protesters reportedly numbering between 7,000 and 20,000 marched peacefully through the city, some defying threats of expulsion from school or from the Communist Party. The protest was captured on video and uploaded to YouTube. One video featured a haunting voice-over that linked the Xiamen demonstration to an ongoing environmental crisis near Tai Hu, a lake some 400 miles away (a large bloom of blue-green algae caused by industrial wastewater and sewage dumped in the lake had contaminated the water supply of the city of Wuxi). It also referred to the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989. The Xiamen march, the narrator said, was perhaps "the first genuine parade since Tiananmen." In response, city authorities did stay the construction of the plant, but they also launched an all-out campaign to discredit the protesters and their videos. Still, more comments about the protest and calls not to forget Tiananmen appeared on various Web sites. Such messages, posted openly and accessible to all Chinese, represent the Chinese leadership's greatest fear, namely, that its failure to protect the environment may someday serve as the catalyst for broad-based demands for political change. Such public demonstrations are also evidence that China's environmental challenges cannot be met with only impressive targets and more investment. They must be tackled with a fundamental reform of how the country does business and protects the environment. So far, Beijing has structured its environmental protection efforts in much the same way that it has pursued economic growth: by granting local authorities and factory owners wide decision-making power and by actively courting the international community and Chinese NGOs for their expertise while carefully monitoring their activities. Consider, for example, China's most important environmental authority, SEPA, in Beijing. SEPA has become a wellspring of China's most innovative environmental policies: it has promoted an environmental impact assessment law; a law requiring local officials to release information about environmental disasters, pollution statistics, and the names of known polluters to the public; an experiment to calculate the costs of environmental degradation and pollution to the country's GDP; and an all-out effort to halt over 100 large-scale infrastructure projects that had proceeded without proper environmental impact assessments. But SEPA operates with barely 300 full-time professional staff in the capital and only a few hundred employees spread throughout the country. (The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has a staff of almost 9,000 in Washington, D.C., alone.) And authority for enforcing SEPA's mandates rests overwhelmingly with local officials and the local environmental protection officials they oversee. In some cases, this has allowed for exciting experimentation. In the eastern province of Jiangsu, for instance, the World Bank and the Natural Resources Defense Council have launched the Greenwatch program, which grades 12,000 factories according to their compliance with standards for industrial wastewater treatment and discloses both the ratings and the reasons for them. More often, however, China's highly decentralized system has meant limited progress: only seven to ten percent of China's more than 660 cities meet the standards required to receive the designation of National Model Environmental City from SEPA. According to Wang Canfa, one of China's top environmental lawyers, barely ten percent of China's environmental laws and regulations are actually enforced. One of the problems is that local officials have few incentives to place a priority on environmental protection. Even as Beijing touts the need to protect the environment, Premier Wen has called for quadrupling the Chinese economy by 2020. The price of water is rising in some cities, such as Beijing, but in many others it remains as low as 20 percent of the replacement cost. That ensures that factories and municipalities have little reason to invest in wastewater treatment or other water-conservation efforts. Fines for polluting are so low that factory managers often prefer to pay them rather than adopt costlier pollution-control technologies. One manager of a coal-fired power plant explained to a Chinese reporter in 2005 that he was ignoring a recent edict mandating that all new power plants use desulfurization equipment because the technology cost as much as would 15 years' worth of fines. Local governments also turn a blind eye to serious pollution problems out of self-interest. Officials sometimes have a direct financial stake in factories or personal relationships with their owners. And the local environmental protection bureaus tasked with guarding against such corruption must report to the local governments, making them easy targets for political pressure. In recent years, the Chinese media have uncovered cases in which local officials have put pressure on the courts, the press, or even hospitals to prevent the wrongdoings of factories from coming to light. (Just this year, in the province of Zhejiang, officials reportedly promised factories with an output of $1.2 million or more that they would not be subjected to government inspections without the factories' prior approval.) Moreover, local officials frequently divert environmental protection funds and spend them on unrelated or ancillary endeavors. The Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, which reports to SEPA, disclosed this year that only half of the 1.3 percent of the country's annual GDP dedicated to environmental protection between 2001 and 2005 had found its way to legitimate projects. According to the study, about 60 percent of the environmental protection funds spent in urban areas during that period went into the creation of, among other things, parks, factory production lines, gas stations, and sewage-treatment plants rather than into waste- or wastewater-treatment facilities. Many local officials also thwart efforts to hold them accountable for their failure to protect the environment. In 2005, SEPA launched the "Green GDP" campaign, a project designed to calculate the costs of environmental degradation and pollution to local economies and provide a basis for evaluating the performance of local officials both according to their economic stewardship and according to how well they protect the environment. Several provinces balked, however, worried that the numbers would reveal the extent of the damage suffered by the environment. SEPA's partner in the campaign, the National Bureau of Statistics of China, also undermined the effort by announcing that it did not possess the tools to do Green GDP accounting accurately and that in any case it did not believe officials should be evaluated on such a basis. After releasing a partial report in September 2006, the NBS has refused to release this year's findings to the public. Another problem is that many Chinese companies see little direct value in ratcheting up their environmental protection efforts. The computer manufacturer Lenovo and the appliance manufacturer Haier have received high marks for taking creative environmental measures, and the solar energy company Suntech has become a leading exporter of solar cells. But a recent poll found that only 18 percent of Chinese companies believed that they could thrive economically while doing the right thing environmentally. Another poll of business executives found that an overwhelming proportion of them do not understand the benefits of responsible corporate behavior, such as environmental protection, or consider the requirements too burdensome. NOT GOOD ENOUGH The limitations of the formal authorities tasked with environmental protection in China have led the country's leaders to seek assistance from others outside the bureaucracy. Over the past 15 years or so, China's NGOs, the Chinese media, and the international community have become central actors in the country's bid to rescue its environment. But the Chinese government remains wary of them. China's homegrown environmental activists and their allies in the media have become the most potent – and potentially explosive – force for environmental change in China. From four or five NGOs devoted primarily to environmental education and biodiversity protection in the mid-1990s, the Chinese environmental movement has grown to include thousands of NGOs, run primarily by dynamic Chinese in their 30s and 40s. These groups now routinely expose polluting factories to the central government, sue for the rights of villagers poisoned by contaminated water or air, give seed money to small newer NGOs throughout the country, and go undercover to expose multinationals that ignore international environmental standards. They often protest via letters to the government, campaigns on the Internet, and editorials in Chinese newspapers. The media are an important ally in this fight: they shame polluters, uncover environmental abuse, and highlight environmental protection successes. Beijing has come to tolerate NGOs and media outlets that play environmental watchdog at the local level, but it remains vigilant in making sure that certain limits are not crossed, and especially that the central government is not directly criticized. The penalties for misjudging these boundaries can be severe. Wu Lihong worked for 16 years to address the pollution in Tai Hu (which recently spawned blue-green algae), gathering evidence that has forced almost 200 factories to close. Although in 2005 Beijing honored Wu as one of the country's top environmentalists, he was beaten by local thugs several times during the course of his investigations, and in 2006 the government of the town of Yixing arrested him on dubious charges of blackmail. And Yu Xiaogang, the 2006 winner of the prestigious Goldman Environmental Prize, honoring grass-roots environmentalists, was forbidden to travel abroad in retaliation for educating villagers about the potential downsides of a proposed dam relocation in Yunnan Province. The Chinese government's openness to environmental cooperation with the international community is also fraught. Beijing has welcomed bilateral agreements for technology development or financial assistance for demonstration projects, but it is concerned about other endeavors. On the one hand, it lauds international environmental NGOs for their contributions to China's environmental protection efforts. On the other hand, it fears that some of them will become advocates for democratization. The government also subjects MNCs to an uncertain operating environment. Many corporations have responded to the government's calls that they assume a leading role in the country's environmental protection efforts by deploying top-of-the-line environmental technologies, financing environmental education in Chinese schools, undertaking community-based efforts, and raising operating standards in their industries. Coca-Cola, for example, recently pledged to become a net-zero consumer of water, and Wal-Mart is set to launch a nationwide education and sales initiative to promote the use of energy-efficient compact fluorescent bulbs. Sometimes, MNCs have been rewarded with awards or significant publicity. But in the past two years, Chinese officials (as well as local NGOs) have adopted a much tougher stance toward them, arguing at times that MNCs have turned China into the pollution capital of the world. On issues such as electronic waste, the detractors have a point. But China's attacks, with Internet postings accusing MNCs of practicing "eco-colonialism," have become unjustifiably broad. Such antiforeign sentiment spiked in late 2006, after the release of a pollution map listing more than 3,000 factories that were violating water pollution standards. The 33 among them that supplied MNCs were immediately targeted in the media, while the other few thousand Chinese factories cited somehow escaped the frenzy. A few Chinese officials and activists privately acknowledge that domestic Chinese companies pollute far more than foreign companies, but it seems unlikely that the spotlight will move off MNCs in the near future. For now, it is simply more expedient to let international corporations bear the bulk of the blame. FROM RED TO GREEN Why is China unable to get its environmental house in order? Its top officials want what the United States, Europe, and Japan have: thriving economies with manageable environmental problems. But they are unwilling to pay the political and economic price to get there. Beijing's message to local officials continues to be that economic growth cannot be sacrificed to environmental protection – that the two objectives must go hand in hand. This, however, only works sometimes. Greater energy efficiency can bring economic benefits, and investments to reduce pollution, such as in building wastewater-treatment plants, are expenses that can be balanced against the costs of losing crops to contaminated soil and having a sickly work force. Yet much of the time, charting a new environmental course comes with serious economic costs up front. Growth slows down in some industries or some regions. Some businesses are forced to close down. Developing pollution-treatment and pollution-prevention technologies requires serious investment. In fact, it is because they recognize these costs that local officials in China pursue their short-term economic interests first and for the most part ignore Beijing's directives to change their ways. This is not an unusual problem. All countries suffer internal tugs of war over how to balance the short-term costs of improving environmental protection with the long-term costs of failing to do so. But China faces an additional burden. Its environmental problems stem as much from China's corrupt and undemocratic political system as from Beijing's continued focus on economic growth. Local officials and business leaders routinely – and with impunity – ignore environmental laws and regulations, abscond with environmental protection funds, and silence those who challenge them. Thus, improving the environment in China is not simply a matter of mandating pollution-control technologies; it is also a matter of reforming the country's political culture. Effective environmental protection requires transparent information, official accountability, and an independent legal system. But these features are the building blocks of a political system fundamentally different from that of China today, and so far there is little indication that China's leaders will risk the authority of the Communist Party on charting a new environmental course. Until the party is willing to open the door to such reform, it will not have the wherewithal to meet its ambitious environmental targets and lead a growing economy with manageable environmental problems. Given this reality, the United States – and the rest of the world – will have to get much smarter about how to cooperate with China in order to assist its environmental protection efforts. Above all, the United States must devise a limited and coherent set of priorities. China's needs are vast, but its capacity is poor; therefore, launching one or two significant initiatives over the next five to ten years would do more good than a vast array of uncoordinated projects. These endeavors could focus on discrete issues, such as climate change or the illegal timber trade; institutional changes, such as strengthening the legal system in regard to China's environmental protection efforts; or broad reforms, such as promoting energy efficiency throughout the Chinese economy. Another key to an effective U.S.-Chinese partnership is U.S. leadership. Although U.S. NGOs and U.S.-based MNCs are often at the forefront of environmental policy and technological innovation, the U.S. government itself is not a world leader on key environmental concerns. Unless the United States improves its own policies and practices on, for example, climate change, the illegal timber trade, and energy efficiency, it will have little credibility or leverage to push China.
Chinese collapse causes CCP lashout with WMD that kills billions
Rexing 5 (San, Staff – Epoch Times, The CCP’s Last Ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War, 8-5, http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30975.html)
Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising if the CCP resorts to the use of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons in its attempt to extend its life. The CCP, which disregards human life, would not hesitate to kill two hundred million Americans, along with seven or eight hundred million Chinese, to achieve its ends. These speeches let the public see the CCP for what it really is. With evil filling its every cell the CCP intends to wage a war against humankind in its desperate attempt to cling to life. That is the main theme of the speeches. This theme is murderous and utterly evil. In China we have seen beggars who coerced people to give them money by threatening to stab themselves with knives or pierce their throats with long nails. But we have never, until now, seen such a gangster who would use biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons to threaten the world, that they will die together with him. This bloody confession has confirmed the CCP’s nature: That of a monstrous murderer who has killed 80 million Chinese people and who now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives.
-- Environmental leadership key to effective IWC
ENS 9 (Environmental News Service, “Whaling Commission Political Deal Could Overturn Moratorium”, 3-13, http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2009/2009-03-13-03.asp)
In February, House Natural Resources Committee Chairman Nick Rahall, a West Virginia Democrat, sent a letter to the acting secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce, calling for Hogarth's replacement "amid growing criticisms that holdover political appointees of the Bush administration are proposing to dismantle the current worldwide ban on commercial whaling." In June 2008, the House of Representatives approved a resolution introduced by Rahall urging U.S. leadership to use all appropriate measures to end commercial whaling around the globe. The Obama administration has taken a position in favor of continuing the IWC's whaling moratorium. White House Council on Environmental Quality Chair Nancy Sutley said March 6, "The United States continues to view the commercial whaling moratorium as a necessary conservation measure and believes that lethal scientific whaling is unnecessary in modern whale conservation management. The United States also continues to have significant concerns over the recent resumption of international trade of whale meat." "The administration is fully committed to furthering discussions of critical issues within the IWC, including the future of the organization," Sutley said. "While we reserve judgment on various proposals until discussions are completed, it is our view that any package, to be acceptable, must result in a significant improvement in the conservation status of whales," "We recognize some of these issues facing the IWC may require a longer view toward resolution," she said. "However, the failure to resolve these issues is not an acceptable outcome to the United States."
-- IWC checks whaling – risks extinction
Barstow 89 (Robbins, Ph.D., Executive Director – Cetasean Society International, The Magazine of the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, 2, Autumn, http://www.highnorth.no/Library/Movements/General/be-wh-s2.htm)
My own rationale for asking the IWC to decide to adopt a management regime of permanent protection for whales from consumptive commercial exploitation on a global basis is both simple and complex. It is grounded i pragmatic practicalities of both fact and feeling regarding 'Whales in a Modern World'. I am not here arguing for the sanctity of all life on earth. I am not advocating equal rights for all animal species. I am seeking to set forth a rational and moral basis for a future determination by one, specialised, international, human agency that one order of marine mammals should be managed in this manner. Why whales? My rationale most simply is that whales are uniquely special! They really are in a class by themselves. Let me cite four major categories of uniqueness. First, whales are biologically special. Whales include by far the largest animals on earth, growing to be over 30 metres in length - the blue whale (Balenoptera musculus). Whales include the possessors of by far the largest brain of any creature ever to have lived on our planet, weighing four or five times as much as the human brain - the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Whales include the creators of the most complex, long - lasting, repetitive sound patterns of any non - human animal - the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). And whales include species (Tursiops truncatus and some other odontocetes) which exceed humans and all other groups as well in convolutedness or fissurisation of the cerebral cortex. Marine mammal veterinarian Sam Ridgway, of the U.S. Naval Ocean Systems Centre in San Diego, has reported findings that the bottlenose dolphin, in particular, by a variety of measurements (encephalisation quotient, volume of cortex, ratio of brain weight to spinal cord weight, etc.) ranks just below humans and considerably above other higher primates, including gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. In all these ways whales are truly unique biologically! Second, whales are ecologically special. Whales have evolved as marine mammals over millions of years, with both baleen and toothed whales probably appearing up to 25 million years ago, long before the development of human beings and the latter's intrusion in the ocean ecosystem. Whales are at the top of the vast food chain of the sea. Baleen whales consume the largest amount of zooplankton, and the killer whale (Orcinus orca) is the world's greatest non- human predator. Whales affect the ocean ecosystem in a uniquely global manner, and any exploitation of other marine resources, whether krill or fish, must uniquely take into account cetaceans. Human life depends upon a proper balance in the amount of oxygen inn earth's atmosphere produced from the plankton that is kept in check most critically by whale consumption.
The status quo regulatory model should be destroyed- the model the aff would create would be for expedited renewable projects and OSW- that’s a key model to deal with the certainty and timeframes needed for solving warming
Thaler 12
Jeffrey, University of Maine's first Visiting Professor of Energy Policy, Law and Ethics, and Assistant University Counsel for environmental, energy and sustainability projects, “Fiddling as the world burns: How climate change urgently requires a paradigm shift in the permitting of renewable energy projects”, Environmental Law, Volume 42, Issue 4, Forthcoming, p. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2148122 wyo-tjc
The forty-four page 2011 White House Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future omits a critical component: the blueprint does not tackle the issue of streamlining regulatory and permitting processes and requirements for a secure supply of renewable energy.201 This makes the blueprint largely irrelevant to the challenges of preparing renewable energy projects for investment risks, design, regulatory review and construction within the time frames demanded by the climate change crisis.202 Missing are concrete steps that would: 1) Proclaim in laws like NEPA and other major environmental statutes that quickly getting significant numbers of renewable energy projects built is of great strategic importance to the United States, in order to take the needed steps to prioritize and streamline at all governmental levels the regulatory review of such projects; 2) Establish clear, expedited timelines for agency review, consultation and coordination, as well as any judicial review of agency decisions; 3) Develop the expanded use of categorical exclusions under NEPA for offshore wind demonstration, testing and small-scale projects; and 4) Require that the “hidden” costs of fossil fueled energy be taken into account, along with the comparative life cycle impacts of competing energy sources, as part of NEPA’s no-action alternative analysis and other regulatory reviews. Steps to achieve these goals can be undertaken through a combination of federal legislation,203 Presidential Executive Orders,204 and new CEQ and other agency regulations and Memorandums of Understanding.205 Comparable steps have previously been taken for prioritizing fossil fuel energy.206 Given the 21st century exigencies of climate change, the playing field must not just be leveled for renewable clean energy projects, but tilted in their favor. I first focus on changes that will or may require Congressional action, and then on changes that may be accomplished through other means.
There is a crucial window of opportunity to create a new regulatory model for expediting renewable permitting and siting otherwise avoiding climate thresholds will be impossible
Thaler 12
Jeffrey, University of Maine's first Visiting Professor of Energy Policy, Law and Ethics, and Assistant University Counsel for environmental, energy and sustainability projects, “Fiddling as the world burns: How climate change urgently requires a paradigm shift in the permitting of renewable energy projects”, Environmental Law, Volume 42, Issue 4, Forthcoming, p. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2148122 wyo-tjc
The window of opportunity to stabilize carbon levels in our atmosphere and prevent escalating climate-driven damage to our world is rapidly closing. We must first understand where our carbon-driven energy and electricity technologies are taking us, and learn from the experiences and lessons climate change scientists are trying to teach us, because we are on the verge of losing for the next thousand or more years the environmental and economic quality of life that we inherited.¶ Second, we must understand, in an increasingly carbon-constrained world, how our existing environmental laws and regulatory process no longer achieve their underlying goals of long-term ecosystem conservation. To the contrary, that process is supporting an increasingly greenhouse gas-emitting system that is annually costing trillions of dollars and is reducing the chances of constructing sufficient new pollutant-free and less water-intensive power sources in time to limit average global temperature rise to less than internationally-agreed ceiling of 2⁰C.¶ Therefore, the third step is to act on the evidence presented in Parts I and II to significantly revamp the legal process in order to greatly accelerate development of renewable energy projects like offshore wind power. My recommendations and road map in Part III are a call for climate, economic and energy policymakers to act on needed reforms—to remove the many obstacles in the path of achieving an eighty percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.¶ I acknowledge that my recommendations are only a part of what must be done—but a necessary part. Unless there is an immediate public demand for action to reform how renewable energy in general and offshore wind in particular are licensed and permitted, the accelerating climate changes presented in Part I will ensure that none of us escape the consequences of our carbon-intensive economic system.
Lack of regulatory clarity and speed with federal permitting destroys investment decisions in OSW broadly and in ship-building specifically
Bondaref 12
Joan, analyst with Blank Rome LLP, “Is the Time Right to Expedite Offshore Wind”, North American Wind Power, July, p. http://www.nawindpower.com/digitaleditions/Main.php?MagID=2andMagNo=31 wyo-tjc
While well intentioned, the U.S. Department of the Interior’s (DOI) “Smart from the Start” program has not produced a lease since the program was announced in 2010. (Cape Wind, which was awarded the first commercial lease for wind energy development along the Outer Continental Shelf in October 2010, was grandfathered.) If the DOI waits too long to award leases, it will find itself in the middle of an election campaign and face the possibility that leases will be delayed even further should a new administration and new Congress come to Washington, D.C. It may also find itself faced with the loss of developers that lose heart in the slow but methodical leasing process. For example, in May, Gamesa – citing the U.S. market’s uncertain offshore future – pulled out of its joint arrangement with Virginia-based Newport News Shipbuilding. Gamesa’s actions should serve as a warning to federal and state agencies.
Commercial shipbuilding’s key to naval power
NLUS 12 Navy League of the United States, “America’s Maritime Industry The foundation of American seapower”, 2012, http://www.navyleague.org/files/americas-maritime-industry.pdf, Date Verification – http://gsship.org/industry-links/
Defense Industrial Base: Shipbuilding The American Maritime Industry also contributes to our national defense by sustaining the shipbuilding and repair sector of our national defense industrial base upon which our standing as a seapower is based. History has proven that without a strong maritime infrastructure—shipyards, suppliers, and seafarers—no country can hope to build and support a Navy of sufficient size and capability to protect its interests on a global basis. Both our commercial and naval fleets rely on U.S. shipyards and their numerous industrial vendors for building and repairs. The U.S. commercial shipbuilding and repair industry also impacts our national economy by adding billions of dollars to U.S. economic output annually. In 2004, there were 89 shipyards in the major shipbuilding and repair base of the United States, defined by the Maritime Administration as including those shipyards capable of building, repairing, or providing topside repairs for ships 122 meters (400 feet) in length and over. This includes six large shipyards that build large ships for the U.S. Navy. Based on U.S. Coast Guard vessel registration data for 2008, in that year U.S. shipyards delivered 13 large deep-draft vessels including naval ships, merchant ships, and drilling rigs; 58 offshore service vessels; 142 tugs and towboats, 51 passenger vessels greater than 50 feet in length; 9 commercial fishing vessels; 240 other self- propelled vessels; 23 mega-yachts; 10 oceangoing barges; and 224 tank barges under 5,000 GT. 11 Since the mid 1990’s, the industry has been experiencing a period of modernization and renewal that is largely market-driven, backed by long-term customer commitments. Over the six-year period from 2000-05, a total of $2.336 billion was invested in the industry, while in 2006, capital investments in the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry amounted to $270 million.12 The state of the industrial base that services this nation’s Sea Services is of great concern to the U.S. Navy. Even a modest increase in oceangoing commercial shipbuilding would give a substantial boost to our shipyards and marine vendors. Shipyard facilities at the larger shipyards in the United States are capable of constructing merchant ships as well as warships, but often cannot match the output of shipyards in Europe and Asia. On the other hand, U.S. yards construct and equip the best warships, aircraft carriers and submarines in the world. They are unmatched in capability, but must maintain that lead. 13
U.S. Sea Power is key to deter Chinese hegemony and war in the south china sea
Cropsey, 12
Dr. Seth Cropsey Hudson Institute “The U.S. Navy Shipbuilding Plan: Assumptions and Associated Risks to National Security” http://www.hudson.org/files/publications/SethCropsey~-~-USNavyShipbuildingPlan~-~-Testimony041812.pdf, accessed 12/20/12,WYO/JF
A nation burdened with massive debt whose ability to shape world events has been limited in tandem with its capacity to invest in research and technology will have more and more trouble finding markets. China’s potential hegemony would not only force its neighbors’ to reconsider whether the U.S. is a reliable ally. It would also become an increasingly powerful magnet for trade in the region—at the expense of U.S. commerce. Unlike the U.S. whose seapower has protected global sea lanes that other states have used to their benefit China has a different set of values. It views with suspicion a liberal trading system notwithstanding the benefits received from it. China’s friends include Iran and North Korea. Beijing is a poor candidate to support the international order that has been the keel of U.S. foreign and security policy for a century. Waning U.S. seapower is an invitation that China will regard as a complement to its rising military and navy in particular. It foreshadows a coercive resolution of territorial disputes in the South China Sea, the likelihood of an increased regional arms race, and the troubling international perception that the U.S. is—or has—abandoned its role as a great power. American seapower is the strategic keel of our foreign and security policy. Reducing it would be an exercise of history-making shortsightedness. Restoring it would be an act of statesmanship from which Americans and all who cherish political liberty would benefit for the remainder of this century. Thank you.
CONFLICT IN THE SCS ESCALATES TO FULL-SCALE NUCLEAR WAR
STRAITS TIMES 1995
staff, “Choose Your Own Style of Democracy”, May 21, p. ln wyo-tjc
In his speech, Dr Mahathir also painted three scenarios for Asia.
In the first -the worst possible scenario -Asian countries would go to war against each other, he said. It might start with clashes between Asian countries over the Spratly Islands because of China's insistence that the South China Sea belonged to it along with all the islands, reefs and seabed minerals. In this scenario, the United States would offer to help and would be welcomed by Asean, he said. The Pacific Fleet begins to patrol the South China Sea. Clashes occur between the Chinese navy and the US Navy. China declares war on the US and a full-scale war breaks out with both sides resorting to nuclear weapons.
Thriving OSW industry jumpstarts shipbuilding and port improvements throughout the United States- leadership now is crucial to avoid the US shipping industries and ports from being locked-out of global competition
Bondaref 12
Joan, analyst with Blank Rome LLP, “Is the Time Right to Expedite Offshore Wind”, North American Wind Power, July, p. http://www.nawindpower.com/digitaleditions/Main.php?MagID=2andMagNo=31 wyo-tjc
Europe has been at the forefront of renewable energy and, in particular, offshore wind. Like the DOD, Europe has made a commitment to renewable energy and set a more ambitious goal of having 20% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. Each member of the European Union (EU) has a national action plan to achieve this goal, and Europe is well on its way to meeting its objective. In 2009, wind constituted 7.7% of renewable energy sources in Europe. This has also resulted in the creation of over 1 million new jobs, according to a recent report by market research firm EurObserv’ER. One burgeoning market in Europe that the U.S. should emulate is the offshore supply and support vessel industry. Innovative designs for new support vessels, such as catamarans and crew-transfer vessels that can perform well in high-sea states, have come online and can be deployed rapidly to new and existing offshore wind farms. One U.K. company is building 25 crew-transfer vessels a year. Smart U.K. boat builders that are working in the offshore wind industry have also entered into licensing agreements with U.S. boat builders, which not only will bring jobs to a flagging industry, but also should enhance support for offshore wind. Similarly, European port owners and operators are reaping the benefits of offshore wind farm projects. How European ports have positioned themselves as “epicenters” of offshore wind operations and support bases is discussed at length in the September 2011 issue of North American Windpower (“U.S. Ports Model Themselves After European Counterparts,” page 50). Instead of working to stymie offshore wind farms for fear of interference with shipping traffic, U.S. ports should focus on the new jobs and financial opportunities that would be created by similar projects in the U.S. To ensure that these high-tech, high-paying jobs come to the U.S., it requires leadership at the federal and state levels. The U.S. should do what it can to bring about the development of this clean industry, and not sit by while other regions such as the EU, India and China take over what could be a strong manufacturing base and job market for years to come. |
