Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1nc

ptx

Immigration reform package moving smoothly through congress now – Obama pressure and engagement is key to maintain momentum and prevent the GOP from smothering the bill

 I-Hsien Sherwood (writer for the Latino Post) March 21, 2013 "Immigration Reform 2013 News: Delays Could Hinder Reform Bill, So Speed is Necessary" http://www.latinospost.com/articles/14995/20130321/immigration-reform-2013-news-delays-hinder-bill-speed-necessary.htm
Lately, proponents of immigration reform have been optimistic about the progress of bipartisan bills
AND
.¶ Whether Congress can maintain momentum on the issue remains to be seen.

Plan costs political capital – Congress will use it as an excuse to reject the president’s agenda

Gong, 3/18/13 - associate professor at the Beijing-based University of International Business and Economics.(John, South China Morning Post, "Nexen deal shows how Chinese firms can do business in US"
http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1192986/nexen-deal-shows-how-chinese-firms-can-do-business-us-http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1192986/nexen-deal-shows-how-chinese-firms-can-do-business-us)
However, in a democracy such as the United States, one could expect voices
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anti-China rhetoric in an effort to derail a Chinese company’s offer.
Another objection may be concern about losing businesses or jobs to China. Shenzhen-based BGI’s US%24117.6 million acquisition of Complete Genomics, a DNA sequencing company, is a case in point.
According to an article in The New York Times, Illumina, a San Diego-based maker of genomics sequencing machines, hired lobbyists and led the choir to stir up opposition in Congress to the offer. Illumina, the report said, potentially had the most to lose from the acquisition because BGI might buy fewer of its products and even become a competitor. Nevertheless, CFIUS allowed the deal to go through.
Another obstacle to overseas acquisitions may be pork-barrel politics, with politicians using the Chinese application as a bargaining chip against another local project awaiting presidential approval. However, according to O’Melveny %26 Myers, the law firm that provided legal counsel for the successful Complete Genomics acquisition, only two out of six major deals involving China since 2000 have been rejected by CFIUS.

====Top priority—PC stewardship key====
Shifter 12/27 Michael is the President of Inter-American Dialogue. "Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?" 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32%26pubID=3186

Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US’s shameful and broken immigration
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some arms, even in his own party. Resistance will not disappear. 

====Obama’s reform is key to all aspect of heg—-~competitiveness, hard and soft power~====
Nye 12 Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, is University Professor at Harvard University. "Immigration and American Power," December 10, Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s—nye

CAMBRIDGE – The United States is a nation of immigrants. Except for a small
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long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US.

Global war

Zhang and Shi, 2011 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/) 

This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

t

The aff decreases regulations but not restrictions—restrictions are direct prohibitions on production

Sinha 6
Supreme Court of India Union Of India %26 Ors vs M/S. Asian
AND
No. 17558 of 2006~  S.B. SINHA, J :  
http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/

We may, however, notice that this Court in State of U.P. and Others v. M/s. Hindustan Aluminium Corpn. and others ~AIR 1979 SC 1459~ stated the law thus:
"It appears that a distinction between regulation and restriction or prohibition has always been
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the word prohibiting or some such word, to bring out that effect." 

Regulations concern how you control an activity—outright prohibitions are distinct

Randy Barnett (writer for the Free Republic) June 2005 "The power to regulate v. the power to prohibit" http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1419654/posts
The power to regulate does not generally include the power to prohibit. 

Samuel Johnson defines "to regulate" as "To adjust by rule or method
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sense, in some context other than the Constitution of the new government. 

Restrictive effects don’t meet—technical distinctions matter

Annamaria Viterbo 12 , Assistant Professor in International Law at the University of Torino, PhD in International Economic Law from Bocconi University and Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute, 2012, International Economic Law and Monetary Measures: Limitations to States’ Sovereignty and Dispute, p. 166

In order to distinguish an exchange restriction from a trade measure, the Fund chose not to give relevance to the purposes or the effects of the measure and to adopt, instead, a technical criterion that focuses on the method followed to design said measure.
An interpretation that considered the economic effects and purposes of the measures (taking into
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balance of payments reasons would have fallen within the competence of the Fund.
After lengthy discussions, in 1960 the IMF Executive Board adopted Decision No. 1034-(60/27).46 This Decision clarified that the distinctive feature of a restriction on payments and transfers for current international transactions is "whether it involves a direct governmental limitation on the availability or use of exchange as such*.47 This is a limitation imposed directly on the use of currency in itself, for all purposes.

Voter for limits—expansive readings confound research predictability and undermine our ability to engage in meaningful energy debates

And, neg ground—questionable restrictions affs are terminally skewed because no counterplans and few DAs apply—that’s the core of our prep.

k

Energy production brings nature to serve, turning the world into a global gas station, eviscerating and erasing being. The ultimate result is nuclear annihilation and meaninglessness—comparatively outweighs
Callister 2007 (Paul, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Leon E. Bloch Law Library, University of Missouri‑Kansas City School of Law. Law and Heidegger’s Question Concerning Technology:  Prolegomenon to Future Law Librarianship Law Library Journal ~Vol. 99:2)

 1 Following World War II, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger offered  one of
AND
the world, including humanity,  as resources subject to a singular will.
We do not endorse the gendered language in this card  

Belief in our ability to technologically manage the world is part of the problem. Complete control is never possible, but more often creates cycles of paralyzing anxiety and reactive desire to take action that only recreates the crisis
Peat, 08 – theoretical physicist, Ph.D., founder of the Pari Centre for New Learning (F. David, "Gentle Action: Surviving Chaos and Change", http://www.gentleaction.org/library/paper2.php)

Many rapid changes that are taking place around us. These include globalization, developments
AND
change and engage in those actions that are appropriate to each new situation. 

Hence, our alternative: do nothing.
Rejecting the call to action in the face of crisis opens space for solidarity to emerge through deep reflection on our relationship with the Earth.
McWhorter 92, Professor of Philosophy at Northeast Missouri State, 92  (LaDelle, Heidegger and the Earth, ed: McWhorter, p. vii-viii)

Heidegger frustrates us. At a time when the stakes are so very high and
AND
also ground the most basic patterns of our current ways of being human.

cp

The United States Supreme Court should rule that compliance orders from federal enforcement agencies regarding ~foreign investment restrictions on crude oil and natural gas production in the United States~ unconstitutional.

The Court has this authority

Eric Waeckerlin (Attorney at Davis Graham %26 Stubbs LLP Past Attorney at Kelley Drye %26 Warren LLP Law Clerk at The Honorable Sam. E Haddon, U.S. District Court for the District of Montana Energy Policy Analyst at Western Governors’ Association/Western Interstate Energy Board, J.D. University of Montana School of Law) March 21, 2012 "The Sackett Decision and Its Implications for Hydraulic Fracturing" http://www.frackinginsider.com/litigation/with-stunning-alacrity-the-united/
With stunning alacrity, the United States Supreme Court issued its opinion ~PDF~
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hydraulic fracturing in the absence of clear statutory authority) are potentially significant.

This solves and competes – it doesn’t ’reduce’ a legal restriction – it just makes it unenforceable

William Treanor (associate professor of law at Fordham University) and Gene Sperling (Deputy assistant to the president for economic policy University of Minnesota) 1993 "Prospective overruling and the revival of Unconstitutional statutes" JSTOR
Unlike the Supreme Court, several state courts have explicitly addressed the revival issue.
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a statute did not revive does not offer a convincing rationale for nonrevival. 

invest

Chinese investment increasing despite Ralls and CIFIUS

Barrett, 3/1/13 (Raymond, Financial Times, "Ralls CFIUS block alters Sany’s future investment strategy in US" http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/1ff1eb98-82b8-11e2-a3e3-00144feabdc0.html~~%23axzz2OvgILBlj

Chinese investors appear to have altered the way they will structure future investments in the US as a result of a White House decision to block the purchase of an Oregon wind farm by executives of Sany Group on national security grounds.
In an exclusive interview with PaRR, Wu Jialiang, chief executive officer of Ralls Corp and deputy general manager of Sany Group, said the company is continuing to make investments in the US despite contesting the decision of the inter-agency Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) forcing it to unwind the Oregon deal.
In particular, Wu said the Chinese industrial machinery manufacturer made a new wind farm investment of USD 80m in Colorado, which would use wind turbines manufactured by Sany.
Wu said the Colorado transaction was structured differently than the Oregon deal—the investment was held directly by US citizens, not Chinese.
"Legally speaking ~CFIUS~ has no business looking into US citizens’ investments," Wu said. "But we notified CFIUS to be on the safe side."
Wu added that Sany had notified CFIUS about the Colorado investment and that the committee had no objections to the transaction.
"The case has progressed smoothly," he said.
This represents a change of strategy, since Sany did not file with CFIUS prior to closing the Oregon transaction.
Informal consultations
As the entire CFIUS process is confidential, divining the exact concerns of the various government agencies involved – Treasury, Defense, Homeland Security and others – is not a simple task.
However, a source familiar with the situation told PaRR that as a result of the ownership changes Sany used in its new investment, CFIUS decided the planned Colorado deal was not a "covered transaction"— one that results in control of a US business being ceded to foreign person.
"The concept of control under CFIUS is not a bright-line," said Gregory Jacobs, a partner at Reed Smith who deals with CFIUS matters. "If the PRC entity has the ability to control the purchasers, then the deal falls under CFIUS’s jurisdiction."
Traditionally, one way for foreign companies to avoid CFIUS jurisdiction is to invest through companies held by US citizens.
In such cases, executives from the acquirer would not take a seat on the board of the target company or have a say in corporate decisionmaking, Jacobs said, but added that many companies are not willing to sacrifice that level of control.
Therefore, foreign companies attempting to avoid possible CFIUS concerns could imitate Ralls and put greater distance between themselves and any assets being acquired.
The source familiar also said that for the Colorado deal, Sany engaged in "informal consultations" with CFIUS rather than making a formal filing.

Current Chinese investments speeds up its expertise acquisition  – solves the case

Brennan, 3/1/13 - Editor and Project Coordinator of research in resource security at the Institute for Security and Development Policy (ISDP), Stockholm, Sweden (Elliot, Asia Times, "Shale gas key to US Asia pivot" http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/CBIZ-01-010313.html-http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/CBIZ-01-010313.html)

In the US, improvements in extraction techniques of shale gas and other "unconventional
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Energy too with a joint venture in a shale gas play in Mississippi.
Such a move helps speed up China’s acquisition of expertise. Devon Energy hasn’t been the only company China has picked up a stake in. Chinese National Oil Companies (NOCs) have invested in foreign companies and their knowledge, particularly in the US and Canada. A 2011 IAE report highlights partnerships that took place in 2010 between Chinese NOCs and Canadian companies with specific shale gas expertise.
China National Petroleum Company/PetroChina purchased a 60% stake of an oil sand project in Alberta, and also formed a joint venture with Canadian Encana to develop shale gas plays in British Columbia. Meanwhile, more recent buy-ins by China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) have included a Chesapeake subsidiary and the takeover of Canadian firm Nexen, which is currently exploiting shale gas in British Columbia and expanding operations to Poland.
The hunt for such expertise through joint ventures and partnerships is on the rise across
AND
, knowledge is power - the US has it and China wants it.
As well as this foreign absorption of expertise, Beijing is also pouring money into domestic research and development under the "National Key Technologies Research and Development Program" (1983) and other recent initiatives. But it can’t move quickly enough. R%26D, just like technological know-how, takes time.
The geopolitical changes such a shale revolution could bring may also shift the epicenter of
AND
Asia where production depends primarily on more expensive, often imported, oil.
According to a Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC) report, shale gas could lead to a manufacturing boom as raw material and energy prices drop. This coupled with technological revolutions that decrease labor costs, could see a dramatic shift of some manufacturing away from Asia, and China, and back to the US.
Foreign company expertise, particularly that of US companies, may provide significant improvements to
AND
could provide the energy that China’s growing middle class is so hungry for. 

US-Sino energy cooperation is high now

Brennan, 3/1/13 - Editor and Project Coordinator of research in resource security at the Institute for Security and Development Policy (ISDP), Stockholm, Sweden (Elliot, Asia Times, "Shale gas key to US Asia pivot" http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/CBIZ-01-010313.html-http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/CBIZ-01-010313.html)

But this is a two way street. For the US the shale gas boom
AND
, such as the US-China Shale Gas Resource Initiative, 2010.
"Chimerica," as Niall Ferguson termed the growing interdependency of the US-China
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ace-up-the-sleeve in the US pivot to Asia. 

Chinese FDI in the US is at record highs

Steinbock, 13 - Dr. Dan Steinbock focuses on issues of international business and international relations, especially the post-crisis debt problems in the leading advanced economies (G-7) and the growth pains of the large emerging economies (BRICs and beyond). He is Research Director of International Business at the India, China and America Institute (USA) and Visiting Fellow at Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (China) where he concentrates on the G-20 economies.(Dan, "Foreign Investment Relocates in China and Asia" EconoMonitor, 2/27, http://www.economonitor.com/blog/2013/02/foreign-investment-relocates-in-china-and-asia/-http://www.economonitor.com/blog/2013/02/foreign-investment-relocates-in-china-and-asia/

As foreign investment is refocusing within China, Chinese foreign investment is refocusing worldwide, shifting from emerging Asia into the developed markets, including the United States and the Eurozone. In 2012, China’s FDI into the United States enjoyed a record year. Chinese firms completed U.S. deals worth %246.5 billion, a 12 percent increase from the previous record of %245.8 billion in 2010.
In the past, Chinese multinationals invested in resource industries mainly in developing economies.
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of sudden disruption, the growth story is likely to continue in 2013.
In the U.S. and the Eurozone, the accelerating Chinese FDI reflects a shift from the past one-way investment relationship to a genuine, two-way partnership. In turn, this long-anticipated structural story is driven by new FDI growth service engines in Chinese coastal megacities and FDI manufacturing operations in Chinese inland and west, as well as across Southeast Asia.

Can’t solve – China has its own restrictions that are worse than CFIUS

Horby, 13 (Lucy, "China’s Commerce minister seeks clearer U.S. investment guide" Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/09/china-parliament-trade-idUSL4N0C02Y520130309-http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/09/china-parliament-trade-idUSL4N0C02Y520130309)

A U.S. Treasury Department spokeswoman in Washington defended the CFIUS system, which she called "transparent" and "true to the United States’ open investment commitment."
"The statute, executive order, regulations and guidance setting forth the CFIUS process are fully and publicly disclosed and available on the Treasury Department’s website," she said.
U.S. companies, for their part, complain China heavily restricts foreign investment in about 100 different sectors.
"In the May 2012 strategic and economic dialogue, China committed to open further to foreign investment and to focus its security reviews solely on national security concerns. We will continue to engage China on implementation of its commitments," the Treasury Department spokeswoman said.
BARRIERS TO INVESTMENT
U.S. Treasury officials have sought to include information on CFIUS in regular meetings with Chinese officials, in the hopes that China will adopt some CFIUS features for its new national security review, particularly setting deadlines to respond to investment review requests.
International trading house Glencore has been waiting for months for a ruling from MofCom, which regulates anti-trust issues, for its planned takeover of zinc miner Xstrata.
China has blocked almost all attempts by foreigners to buy steel mills as well as a number of other high-profile deals, for instance an attempt by Coca-Cola Enterprises to purchase private juice maker Huiyuan.

Relations are stable and resilient

Associated Press, 3/16/13 ("New Chinese premier rejects US hacking claims, says committed to strong ties with Washington" Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/new-china-premier-committed-to-strong-ties-with-us-says-trade-investment-opportunities-good/2013/03/16/ad52cf04-8eb4-11e2-adca-74ab31da3399_story.html)

China’s new leaders "attach great importance" to relations that meet the "fundamental interests of people in both countries and serves the global trend of peace and development," Li told reporters at the traditional premier’s news conference that follows the close of the annual legislative session.
China-U.S. ties have weathered a series of crises over the past year over dissidents, Chinese trade practices, opposition to Chinese investment in the U.S. and — most recently — hacking accusations. While basically stable, political ties are seen as lagging behind the economic relationship, with two-way trade hitting almost %24500 billion last year, and China’s new president, Xi Jinping, isn’t expected to meet President Barack Obama until an economic summit in Russia in September.
Following Xi’s elevation, Li was appointed premier last week, with running China’s economy his main responsibility.

CFIUS reviews encourage Chinese oil companies to prudently negotiate the American political climate to avoid backlash

WSJ 12 —- China Foothold in U.S. Energy, 3-6-12, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:qnxJVCUg4KgJ:online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204883304577223083067806776.html+%26cd=2%26hl=en%26ct=clnk%26gl=us%26client=firefox-a
China’s new approach to investing in U.S. energy companies suggests it has
AND
nonoperating interest in an asset and not take the oil and gas home."

Failure to effectively negotiate the political climate means Congress and the public will backlash regardless of CFIUS —- scuttles deals —- empirically proven

MATTHEW R. BYRNE 6, J.D., The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, expected 2007, Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance, OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL, 2006, http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/04/67.4.byrne_.pdf
CNOOC’s attempt to acquire Unocal occurred in the summer of 2005. After a much
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bills’ proposed changes to the statute are still mere possibilities, not certainties.

Only scenario for conflict
Barnett, senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC, contributing editor/online columnist for Esquire, 8/25/’9
(Thomas P.M, "The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis," Aprodex, Asset Protection Index, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules—security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx-http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx)

When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze
AND
worldwide recession has had virtually no impact whatsoever on the international security landscape.
None of the more than three-dozen ongoing conflicts listed by GlobalSecurity.org
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almost two-decade long struggle between Georgia and its two breakaway regions.
Looking over the various databases, then, we see a most familiar picture: the usual mix of civil conflicts, insurgencies, and liberation-themed terrorist movements. Besides the recent Russia-Georgia dust-up, the only two potential state-on-state wars (North v. South Korea, Israel v. Iran) are both tied to one side acquiring a nuclear weapon capacity — a process wholly unrelated to global economic trends.
And with the United States effectively tied down by its two ongoing major interventions (
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example, hasn’t led us to anything beyond advising and training local forces.

ccp

China-Russian energy cooperation is solidifying now – solves China’s energy demand

Fitzsimmons, 3/28/13 – engineer and consultant (Michael, "Russia Could Become The Backbone Of China’s Energy Supplies" Seeking Alpha,
http://seekingalpha.com/article/1306421-russia-could-become-the-backbone-of-china-s-energy-supplies-http://seekingalpha.com/article/1306421-russia-could-become-the-backbone-of-china-s-energy-supplies
China and Russia recently signed a bevy of energy deals that will further tighten the
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"We can already say this is a historic visit with positive results."

CCP will peacefully dissolve—otherwise the impact is inevitable

Jianfeng, 12
(Li, Epoch Times writer, September, 14, "The Instability of China’s Authoritarian Regime," http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/opinion/the-instability-of-chinas-authoritarian-regime-292354.html)

Some worry that if the CCP were to collapse it would lead to large-
AND
CCP from their hearts, a period without the CCP will peacefully arrive. 

russia

Russian growth stable
RT 3-15-13 http://rt.com/business/russia-might-enter-recession-in-2013-renaisance-capital-315/
Other forecasts do not match Renaissance predictions. The Russian Ministry of Economic Development suggests
AND
lowered the forecast twice: in October last year and in February 2013. 

Economic collapse won’t cause civil war
McFaul and Stoner-Weiss 08 - *Hoover Fellow, Professor of Political Science, and Director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University AND Associate Director for Research and Senior Research Scholar at the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University (Michael and Kathryn, "The Myth of the Authoritarian Model," Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080101faessay87105/michael-mcfaul-kathryn-stoner-weiss/the-myth-of-the-authoritarian-model.html)

In fact, although the 1990s was a period of instability, economic collapse, and revolutionary change in political and economic institutions, the state performed roughly as well as it does today, when the country has been relatively "stable" and its economy is growing rapidly. Even in good economic times, autocracy has done no better than democracy at promoting public safety, health, or a secure legal and property-owning environment.

1nr

Here’s ev from the topic paper predicting how regulations would make this year suck:

Nikolic et al 2012 – Policy Resolution Group at Bracewell %26 Giuliani, Dartmouth debate (Ana Nikolic, Dylan Quigley, Scott Segal, Josh Zive, Topic Proposal Paper for the 2012-2013 CEDA Topic Controversy Ballot, "Resolved: The College Debate Community Should Debate Energy")

My general recommendation would be to not include regulations in the topic.¶ Regulations are a term of art, and a very restrictive term. They are not real laws or statue, but¶ rather rules that individual agencies have made. Allowing this option in the resolution could¶ result in affirmatives using very specific agencies to overturn regulations without legislative¶ action with little disad links.

Including regulation cracks the curriculum—even full-time professionals can’t manage that research burden

Stafford 83
http://felj.org/elj/Energy%20Journals/Vol6_No2_1985_Book_Review2.pdf-http://felj.org/elj/Energy Journals/Vol6_No2_1985_Book_Review2.pdf
Associate, Ross, Marsh %26 Foster, Washington, D.C. The assistance of David L. Wallace, a third
year student at the Georgetown University Law Center, in the preparation of this review is greatly appreciated. 

FEDERAL REGULATION OF ENERGY by William F. Fox, Jr. Shepard’slMcGraw-Hill
AND
evaluating laws, regulations, and significant judicial decisions in a single work. 

It’s an impossible neg burden

Edwards 80
JUDGES: Before EDWARDS, LEAR and WATKINS, JJ.  OPINION BY: EDWARDS
 AYOU BOUILLON CORPORATION, ET AL. v. ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY
 No. 13229  Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit  385 So. 2d 834; 1980 La. App. LEXIS 3972; 67 Oil %26 Gas Rep. 240   May 5, 1980  PRIOR HISTORY:  ~1~  ON APPEAL FROM THE 18TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, PARISH OF IBERVILLE, HONORABLE EDWARD N. ENGOLIO, JUDGE.

Comprehending the applicability and complexity of federal energy regulation necessitates both a stroll down the tortuous legislative path and a review of legal challenges so numerous as to require the establishment of a Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals. 

CFIUS doesn’t restrict —- it regulates which companies can produce energy

Douglas William Nigh 98, associate professor of international business at the University of South Carolina, and Douglas P. Woodward, associate professor of economics at the University of South Carolina, Foreign Ownership and the Consequences of Direct Investment in the United States: Beyond Us and Them, 1998, p. 144
How did the U.S. government respond to the influx of FDI that
AND
Council of Economic Advisers; it is usually chaired by a Treasury official. 

Exon-Florio reviews are explicitly REGULATIONS not RESTRICTIONS intended to merely MONITOR and SUPERVISE high profile transactions involving the ownership of companies – production related energy activities are excluded

CJ Voss (Attorney at Stoel Rives LLP) September 24, 2012 "Energy Law Alert: CFIUS Intervenes in Chinese-Owned Wind Project" http://www.stoel.com/showalert.aspx?Show=9813
Brief History of CFIUS

President Ford created CFIUS by Executive Order 11858 in 1975, in response to an
AND
involving acquirers based in the E.U. or other G20 nations. 

Simply imposing a monitoring and reviewing system to scrutinize  is explicitly not a ’restriction’ – it is merely supervision

Jean Schiedler-Brown (Attorney at Law Offices of Jean Schiedler-Brown %26
Associates) June  19 2012 Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/686429%20Appellant%20Randall%20Kincheloe%27s.pdf
The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include the reporting
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Conditions and qualifications are NOT ’restrictions’ – they only appear that way because the aff has rhetorically juxtaposed them that way

Ronald J. Scalise Jr (A.D. Freeman Associate Professor of Law, Tulane University Law School) March 2011 "PUBLIC POLICY AND ANTISOCIAL TESTATORS" Cardozo Law Review 32 Cardozo L. Rev. 1315, Lexis
A second problem with the fundamental rights approach to prohibiting conditions is one of characterization
AND
to marry), but it is clearly not a proper basis for comparison.

Marchick evidence substantiates our claim that this ’restriction’ is frivolous – 99.9% of transactions get through – the ’restriction’ has only been implemented ONCE in its history

Marchick 07 (David, partner at Covington and Burling, where he advises
companies on the CFIUS process, "Swinging the Pendulum too Far: An Analysis of the CFIUS Process Post-Dubai Ports World," Jan, http://www.nfap.net/researchactivities/studies/NFAPPolicyBriefCFIUS0107.pdf)
In the 18 years that Exon-Florio has been in force, there have
AND
a company if a President were to block an acquisition would be substantial.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1nc

Energy production brings nature to serve, turning the world into a global gas station, eviscerating and erasing being. The ultimate result is nuclear annihilation and meaninglessness—comparatively outweighs

Callister 2007 (Paul, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Leon E. Bloch Law Library, University of Missouri‑Kansas City School of Law. Law and Heidegger’s Question Concerning Technology:  Prolegomenon to Future Law Librarianship Law Library Journal ~Vol. 99:2)

 1 Following World War II, the German philosopher Martin Heidegger offered  one of
AND
the world, including humanity,  as resources subject to a singular will.
We do not endorse the gendered language in this card  

Belief in our ability to technologically manage the world is part of the problem. Complete control is never possible, but more often creates cycles of paralyzing anxiety and reactive desire to take action that only recreates the crisis

Peat, 08 – theoretical physicist, Ph.D., founder of the Pari Centre for New Learning (F. David, "Gentle Action: Surviving Chaos and Change", http://www.gentleaction.org/library/paper2.php)**

Many rapid changes that are taking place around us. These include globalization, developments
AND
change and engage in those actions that are appropriate to each new situation. 

Hence, our alternative: do nothing.

Rejecting the call to action in the face of crisis opens space for solidarity to emerge through deep reflection on our relationship with the Earth.

McWhorter 92, Professor of Philosophy at Northeast Missouri State, 92  (LaDelle, Heidegger and the Earth, ed: McWhorter, p. vii-viii)

Heidegger frustrates us. At a time when the stakes are so very high and
AND
also ground the most basic patterns of our current ways of being human.

2nc

A) Magnitude:  Assuming power over nature unleashes the worst forms of violence

Dallmayr, 04 (PhD, Professor, Department of Government and International Studies, Notre Dame, Constellations Volume 11, No 1, 2004 The Underside of Modernity: Adorno, Heidegger, and Dussel Fred Dallmayr). 

Themes and insights of this kind are carried forward in Die Geschichte des Seyns,
AND
"world wars" in the service of a globally unleashed Machenschaft.16 

E) No Value to Life

Dillon 99, professor of politics at the University of Lancaster, 99  (Michael, Political Theory, April, ingenta select)

The value of the subject became the standard unit of currency for the political arithmetic
AND
life. Herewith, then, the necessity of championing the invaluable itself. 

Before the construction of oil rigs there is always a wave of optimisim, and an effort to characterize the new tech as environmentally friendly, this is willful amnesia that makes the ultimate accident likely

Armitage and Virilio 99. John Armitage, Principal Lecturer in Politics and Media Studies at the University of Northumbria in the UK, and Paul Virilio, Director of the Ecole Speciale d’Architecutre, Theory, Culture %26 Society 1999 (SAGE, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi), Vol. 16(5, 6): 25-55 WM

PV: Let me put it this way: every time a technology is invented
AND
~ Asia is an integral accident, well, almost an integral accident.

Hegemonic knowledge rearranges empirics to construct a particular reality

Shaw 99, (Professor of political science, University of Victoria), 99  (Karena, 9 Transnational Law %26 Contemporary Problems 569, lexis) 

Again, however, the key question is why we should read these struggles
AND
mythology and logics of sovereignty, potentially facilitating further violences in its name. 

This collusion of power-knowledge in the military-academic complex has produced a domination of strategic studies and academic circles by the expanding realm of the military – this erases accountability for violence and denies the importance of the ethical questions behind the technology we develop. This inevitably produces catastrophe and depoliticizes violence.

Morrissey 11 (John Morrissey, Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, 2011, Architects of Empire: The Military–Strategic Studies Complex and the Scripting of US National Security Antipode Vol. 43, pp 435–470~)

In the power–knowledge symmetry of the academic–military world, strategic studies
AND
Orientalism (Gregory 2004; Little 2002; Said 2003; Shapiro 1997).
Collusion between "knowledge" and "power" must be forcefully exposed, as
AND
possesses vital forums through which to enunciate their endgame: legitimized state violence. 

Their authors are biased by privilege; trade causes genocide and ethnic cleansing

Alves 2000 – US diplomat to Brazil (José A. Lindgren, Human Rights Quarterly 22.2, 478-500)

The term "globalization" itself is misleading. Besides erroneously implying the existence of
AND
the West—and aggressive homophobia, still present and often violent worldwide.  

Russo-phobia skews their perspective—American objectivism makes the impact inevitable

Lieven 1, (Senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), 01 (World Policy Journal. New York: Winter 2000/2001.Vol.17, Iss. 4;  pg. 25)

Ever since the Cold War ended, Western officials and commentators have been telling the
AND
in which certain nations are classed as irrationally, irredeemably savage and wicked.

They missed the boat - this is not a question of whether ontology focus is good or bad, but correct or incorrect. Their framework is non-responsive. We are not saying they aren’t allowed to access the case - but that they can not without first winning their ontology. They can still advance federal policy, they just have to deal with this prior question

Dillon, 99 (Prof of Politics, University of Lancaster), 99 (Moral Spaces, p. 97-98). 

Heirs to all this, we find ourselves in the turbulent and now globalized wake
AND
mock innocent political slaves who claim only to be technocrats of decision making.

Turns policymaking—only investigating ontology ensures effective policy solutions.

Murphy 2005, Miami sociology professor, 2005 (John, Globalization with a Human Face, pg 11-13, ldg)

The process of development, now commonly referred to as globalization, has been analyzed
AND
simply adjust to economic policies that are equated with rationality and general improvement. 

Roleplaying DA – pretending to be the federal government ignores our personal responsibility for war and makes the perpetuation of violence inevitable

Kappeler 95 (Susanne is an associate professor at al-akhawayn university, "the will to violence: the politics of personal behavior", pg. 10-11, MT) 
Which is why many of those not yet entirely disillusioned with politics tend to engage
AND
our values’ according to the structures and the values of war and violence.

Ontological reconsideration solves warming and allow us to use energy without the managerial mindset

Grego, 07 (Associate Professor in the Department of Humanities/Culture at Dayton Beach College. Richard, "Global Warming, Environmental Philosophy and Public Policy: John Dewey vs. Martin Heidegger," http://www.philosophos.com/philosophy_article_153.html)**
How any of this might translate into an actual environmental policy is anyone’s guess (
AND
humanity, might be just what is needed for the earth’s sustainable future.

Reflection solves

Best and Nocella, 06 –associate professor of philosophy at the University of Texas at El Paso (Igniting a Revolution:  Voices in Defense of the Earth, p. 82-84, google books)

Yet, for both Heidegger and revolutionary environmentalists, there exist possibilities for transformation despite
AND
to be discerned so that new forms and uses of technology can emerge.  

Their impact calc is flawed—logically every detail added to a scenario makes it a priori less likely. More vague scenarios are always more probabilistic

Yudkowsky ’6 Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence "Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks" Forthcoming in Global Catastrophic Risks,  eds. Nick Bostrom and Milan CirkovicDraft of August 31, 2006. Eliezer Yudkowsky(yudkowsky@singinst.org)

The conjunction fallacy similarly applies to futurological forecasts. Two independent sets of professional analysts
AND
, adding additional detail onto a story must render the story less probable.

 It is less probable that Linda is a feminist bank teller than that she
AND
-response capabilities that could respond to any disaster. (Schneier 2005.)

Tournament:  | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Immigration reform package moving smoothly through congress now – Obama pressure and engagement is key to maintain momentum and prevent the GOP from smothering the bill
 I-Hsien Sherwood (writer for the Latino Post) March 21, 2013 “Immigration Reform 2013 News: Delays Could Hinder Reform Bill, So Speed is Necessary” http://www.latinospost.com/articles/14995/20130321/immigration-reform-2013-news-delays-hinder-bill-speed-necessary.htm
Lately, proponents of … to be seen.

Plan costs capital --- it’s massively unpopular.
Fairley 10 Peter, IEEE Spectrum, May, "Downsizing Nuclear Power Plants,” spectrum.ieee.org/energy/nuclear/downsizing-nuclear-power-plants/0
However, there are …they’re just as nuclear.

Top priority—PC stewardship key
Shifter 12/27 Michael is the President of Inter-American Dialogue. “Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?” 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=3186

Not surprisingly, Obama has … will not disappear. 

Obama’s reform is key to all aspect of heg---competitiveness, hard and soft power
Nye 12 Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council, is University Professor at Harvard University. “Immigration and American Power,” December 10, Project Syndicate, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s—nye

CAMBRIDGE – The United States is a … strength of the US.

Global war
Zhang and Shi, 2011 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/) 

This does not necessarily mean … of unrivalled US primacy.

Tournament:  | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Procurement’s a fiscal incentive, not topical
Czinkota et al, 9 - Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University (Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books)

Incentives offered by … in infrastructure facilities.

Tournament:  | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Energy production brings nature to serve, turning the world into a global gas station, eviscerating and erasing being. The ultimate result is nuclear annihilation and meaninglessness—comparatively outweighs
Callister 2007 (Paul, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Leon E. Bloch Law Library, University of Missouri‑Kansas City School of Law. Law and Heidegger’s Question Concerning Technology:  Prolegomenon to Future Law Librarianship Law Library Journal Vol. 99:2)

 1 Following World War … a singular will.
We do not endorse the gendered language in this card  

Belief in our ability to technologically manage the world is part of the problem. Complete control is never possible, but more often creates cycles of paralyzing anxiety and reactive desire to take action that only recreates the crisis
Peat, 08 – theoretical physicist, Ph.D., founder of the Pari Centre for New Learning (F. David, “Gentle Action: Surviving Chaos and Change”, http://www.gentleaction.org/library/paper2.php)

Many rapid changes … each new situation. 

Hence, our alternative: do nothing.
Rejecting the call to action in the face of crisis opens space for solidarity to emerge through deep reflection on our relationship with the Earth.
McWhorter 92, Professor of Philosophy at Northeast Missouri State, 92  (LaDelle, Heidegger and the Earth, ed: McWhorter, p. vii-viii)

Heidegger frustrates us. … of being human.

Tournament:  | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
The United States Department of Energy should create a blue ribbon commission to conduct a thorough and transparent cost-benefit analysis of small modular reactors on United States military bases. The commission should include a range of stakeholders and experts. The commission should recommend that the United States federal government implement a substantial increase of Department of Defense power purchase agreements for energy production in the United States from light water small modular reactors. 

The CP solves and is a prerequisite to the plan
Parthemore and Rogers, ‘10
Christine, Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, Will, Bacevich Fellow -- CNAS, 5-20, “PARTHEMORE and ROGERS: NUCLEAR REACTORS ON MILITARY BASES MAY BE RISKY,” http://www.cnas.org/node/4502

Any legislation to … demands no less.

Tournament:  | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
DOE will block natural gas exports – but demand shifts can change this
Ebinger et al 12 (Charles, Senior Fellow and Director of the Energy Security Initiative – Brookings, Kevin Massy, Assistant Director of the Energy Security Initiative – Brookings, and Govinda Avasarala, Senior Research Assistant in the Energy Security Initiative – Brookings, “Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas,” Brookings Institution, Policy Brief 12-01, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2012/5/02%20lng%20exports%20ebinger/0502_lng_exports_ebinger.pdf)

From the perspective of … likely to be modest. 

Nuclear power puts downward pressure on natural gas prices – it makes exports politically viable
Perry 12 (Mark J. Perry, professor of economics at the Flint campus of The University of Michigan and a scholar at The American Enterprise Institute, “Natural gas and nuclear power need to share the lead in power generation for the future,” 9/26/12) http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/conventional-energy/natural-gas-and-nuclear-power-need-to-share-the-lead-in-power-generation-for-the-future/

But natural gas is … manufacturing and transportation.

That kills Russia’s economy
Mead 12
Walter Russell Mead, April 25, 2012 (Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), and Editor-at-Large of The American Interest magazine), , The American Interest, North American Shale Gas Gives Russia Serious Headache, http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/

North America’s shale gas … and political influence.

Goes nuclear
Filger 9 (Sheldon, Columnist and Founder – Global EconomicCrisis.com, “Russian Economy Faces Disasterous Free Fall Contraction”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html)

In Russia, historically, …least dangerous consequence.

Tournament:  | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
LEADERSHIP

PL no solve

Competitors will just wait for us to lead on SMRs
Shellenberger et al., 9-11-12
Michael Shellenberger, President -- The Breakthrough Institute, Ted Nordhaus, Chairman -- The Breakthrough Institute, both leading global thinkers on energy, climate, security, human development, and politics, authors of numerous books on energy, Jessica Lovering, Policy Analyst, Energy and Climate Program -- The Breakthrough Institute, “New Nukes
Why We Need Radical Innovation to Make New Nuclear Energy Cheap,” http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/new-nukes/

Most of these designs still face … is all the more important.

SMR exports magnify risks—turns case
Lyman, ‘11
Dr. Edwin, Senior Scientist -- Union of Concerned Scientists, “AN EXAMINATION OF THE SAFETY AND ECONOMICS OF LIGHT WATER SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: HEARING before a SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION, SPECIAL HEARING, JULY 14, 2011--WASHINGTON DC,” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm

UCS is also concerned …experienced nuclear utilities.

SMRs hurt cred because countries misread intent
Smith, ‘11
Terrence P., CSIS, 2-16, “An Idea I Can Do Without: Small Nuclear Reactors on Military Installations,” http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations

I do not mean to say … how it helps.

No exports
Glasgow, ‘10
James A., Partner -- Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, 6-28, “International Scope of Small Modular Reactors and Outlook for Advanced Reactor Development International Trade Export Controls and SMRs,” http://www.uxc.com/smr/Library/Export%20Issues/2010%20-%20International%20Scope%20of%20SMRs%20and%20Outlook%20for%20Advanced%20Reactor%20Development.pdf

Prerequisites for U.S. … some novel issues

US won’t exert leadership
Cleary 12
Richard Cleary, American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30

The cases above offer … nuclear fuel-making.

SMRs are worse for prolif than large reactors
Corey Nealon 11, "Could small nukes be the energy answer?," 12-4-11, http://articles.dailypress.com/2011-12-04/news/dp-nws-nuclear-reactors-20111203_1_nuclear-power-reactors-energy-department

Also, small reactor …than large reactors,” Lyman said.

No impact to prolif---every actor has an incentive to overstate the impact  
Robert Farley 11, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, 11/16/11, “Over the Horizon: Iran and the Nuclear Paradox,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10679/over-the-horizon-iran-and-the-nuclear-paradox

But states and policymakers habitually … of the policy landscape. 

GRID

det s

No Taiwan war
Saunders and Kastner 2009 – *Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, *Assistant Professor in the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland and former China Security Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies (Phillip and Scott, International Security, 33.4, “Bridge over troubled water? Envisioning a China-Taiwan peace agreement”, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/isec.2009.33.4.87, WEA)

Most observers agree … vehicles for cross-strait dialogue.10 

Won’t go nuclear
Pike 4 (John, Global Security, China’s Options in the Taiwan Confrontation, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/taiwan-prc.htm)

China would almost … utterly disproportionate destruction.

EMP empirically denied
Faal 10 (Sorcha, Chinese EMP Attack Prompts US Missile Strike After Cruise Ship Crippled, 11 November 2010, http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index1421.htm, AMiles)

A new report circulating … non-hardened electrical systems.

Missile Defense solves
Broad 11 – Senior Writer for the NYT Broad has won two Pulitzer Prizes with Times colleagues (William J, Dec 11,”Gringrich’s Electromagnetic Pulse Warning has Skeptics” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/us/politics/gingrichs-electromagnetic-pulse-warning-has-skeptics.html?pagewanted=2and_r=2andref=williamjbroad) Jacome 

Challenged to say …attack “pretty theoretical.”

EMP attack scenarios are science fiction
Weinberger, Foreign Policy, Defense Technology International Editor, 2/17/2010
Sharon, "The Boogeyman Bomb," http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/02/17/the_boogeyman_bomb?page=full, 2/17
Philip Coyle, a former … help bolster their case.

Status quo solves the entire advantage
Aimone, 9/12/12 - Director Business Enterprise Integration Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) (Michael, Congressional Testimony, http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/Testimony%20-%20Aimone.pdf)

DoD’s facility energy … several other installations.   

Zero impact to grid failures, even ones caused by cyber attacks
Douglas Birch 10-1, former foreign correspondent for the Associated Press and the Baltimore Sun who has written extensively on technology and public policy, 10/1/12, “Forget Revolution,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/01/forget_revolution?page=full

Government officials sometimes … have catastrophic consequences.

No blackouts
Koerth-Baker, science editor – Boing Boing, columnist – NYT Magazine, electric grid expert, 8/3/’12
(Maggie, “Blackout: What's wrong with the American grid,” http://boingboing.net/2012/08/03/blackout-whats-wrong-with-t.html)

But this is about … power for emergencies.”

COMPETITIVENESS

nuke renaissance solves innovation

No impact
Goldstein 2011, Professor IR at American University Joshua S. Goldstein, Professor emeritus of international relations at American University, “Thing Again: War,” Sept/Oct 2011,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/think_again_war?print=yesandhidecomments=yesandpage=full

Nor do shifts in … bloodbath of World War I.

Competitiveness discourse converts statecraft into real estate – marketing an ideal household for business. This oikopolitics must create not just ideal environments, but also citizens so that markets operate with maximum efficiency
Fougner ‘6 (Tore, Assist. Prof. of IR @ Bilkent U., “The state, international competitiveness and neoliberal globalisation: is there a future beyond ‘the competition state’?” Review of International Studies, Vol. 31, pp. 181-183)
The state as a competitive entity
Though somewhat more indirectly, the … and regional levels.82

Oikopolitics redistributes global violence, recreates war, and turns the economy and environment
Mitropoulos ‘9 (Angela, Queen Mary, U. of London, “Oikopolitics and Storms” The Global South, Vol. 3, No. 1)
the formatting in this article is cockly. if a word is spelled wrong, it’s a format error, not because Angela is an idjit
Needless to say, the question being posed … greater, virtuous productivity.

Alt cause—education
Evers 2007 Joris Evers. April 17, 2007.  (Staff writer, CNET News. “Experts: Education key to U.S. Competitiveness.” http://news.cnet.com/Experts-Education-key-to-U.S.-competitiveness/2100-1022_3-6176967.html)

CUPERTINO, Calif.--Innovation … is not up to snuff," he said.
--HEG
Hegemony only exists in Kagan’s mind – system is de-centralized, applying hegemonic mythology to policy causes blowback and destroys cooperation
Doran ‘9 (Charles F., Andrew W. Mellon Prof. of International Relations, Director of the Global Theory and History Program, Director of the Center for Canadian Studies @ Johns Hopkins U., “Fooling Oneself: The Mythology of Hegemony” International Studies Review, Vol. 11.1)
More than a catalogue of techniques other … self-enforcing, and self-sufficient.

Not key anymore
Preble 8/3/2010 (Christopher Preble, director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute, taught history at St. Cloud State University and Temple University, was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy, Ph.D. in history from Temple University. “U.S. Military Power: Preeminence for What Purpose?” 8/3/10) http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/u-s-military-power-preeminence-for-what-purpose/

Most in Washington … of their respective regions.

Collapse is inevitable—expanding hard power just makes it worse and causes war in the interim
Layne 07, Associate Professor in the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas AandM University and Research Fellow with the Center on Peace and Liberty at The Independent Institute, "The Case Against the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, p. 64-65

The United States has a … next grand strategy.

Decline causes retrenchment which solves their impact
MacDonald and Parent, 11 (Paul K., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Williams College, Joseph M., Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami, “Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment,” International Security, Vol. 35, No. 4, Spring 2011, pp. 7–44, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00034)
These arguments have … their relative position.

Tournament:  | Round: 5 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
And, precision—compensation for service might give reason for action but is not an actual incentive
Grant 2002 – professor of political science at Duke University (Ruth, Economics and Philosophy, 18:2002, “THE ETHICS OF INCENTIVES: HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND CONTEMPORARY UNDERSTANDINGS”, WEA)

The use of `incentives' to …encouraging¶ adaptive behavior.

Financial incentives are not the same thing as purchases—otherwise the topic would have included “payment” instead
Edward W. Nelson et al (M.D., former Chairman of the OPTN/UNOS Ethics Committee, James E. Childress, Ph.D. Jennie Perryman, R.N., M.S.N. Victor Robards, M.D. Albert Rowan Michael S. Seely, R.N., B.S.N. Sylvester Sterioff, M.D. Mary Rovelli Swanson, R.N., M.B.A.) 1993 “Financial Incentives for Organ Donation” http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/bioethics.asp?index=4

Definition of Financial … transformed into 'vendors."

Fiscal incentives explode the topic and make the lit base unmanageable
Florence Hubert and  Nigel Pain (National Institute for Economic and Social Research) March 2002 “Fiscal Incentives, European Integration, and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment” http://www.niesr.ac.uk/pubs/dps/dp195.PDF 

Comparable data can … for several years.

This distinction is a key facet of technical policy jargon – upholding it is critical for us to understand the most important economic issues – key to effective policy analysis
Matthew Yglesias (writer for Think Progress) September 28, 2008 “Fiscal Versus Financial” http://thinkprogress.org/yglesias/2008/09/28/189726/fiscal_versus_financial/
Via Brad DeLong, Felix Salmon observes that John McCain doesn’t know what kind of crisis we’re in:

The number of …the fresh jargon he needs. 

The literature treats them as distinct
Rethabile Sello (MBA, Graduate School of Business of the University of Stellenbosch) 2007  “The significance of host country incentives in attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)” online

According to Hanson (2001), … in different countries:

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Trinity GK | Judge: 

1NC case

HEG

No impact rising powers
Goldstein 2011, Professor IR at American University Joshua S. Goldstein, Professor emeritus of international relations at American University, “Thing Again: War,” Sept/Oct 2011,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/think_again_war?print=yesandhidecomments=yesandpage=full

Nor do shifts in the global balance of power doom us to a future
AND
maintained the peace for a century until its breakdown and the bloodbath of World War I.

No hostile rise but Asia pivot causes it
Zheng Yongnian 9-29-2012; director of the East Asian Institute of the National University of Singapore. “US Asia-Pacific strategy destabilizes region” http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/29/content_26675703.htm

The United States claims that its high-profile “pivot to Asia” strategy aims to “deter”
AND
“security dilemma” caused by structural anarchy in international relations, differences in political ideology, and a lack of mutual trust.

No hostile rise
Dr Jian Junbo 9-26-2012; assistant professor of the Institute of International Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai. “US pivots toward trouble in West Pacific”  http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/NI26Ad01.html

A careful review of China's positions and claims on islands and waters
AND
The challenge is from the outside - its neighbors, with the backing of the US.

US pivot marginalizes China-EU strategic cooperation
Emanuele Scimia 10-6-2012; Emanuele Scimia is a journalist and geopolitical analyst based in Rome. “Transatlantic dream or joke in Asia”  http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/NJ06Ad01.html

While Baroness Ashton dreams of developing EU-China strategic ties, the United States
AND
 there and the divisive nature of European foreign action. EU state members still pursue a go-alone strategy in Asia, and Germany's drive toward China (as well as countries like Vietnam) epitomizes that trend. 

China-EU strategic coordination is key to global conflict prevention, moderating China’s rise, and preventing CCP collapse
Liselotte Odgaard and Sven Biscop 4-20-2006; Dr. Liselotte Odgaard is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at Aarhus University (Denmark). Dr. Sven BISCOP is a senior research fellow in the Royal Institute for International Relations (IRRI-KIIB) in Brussels and professor of European security at Ghent University (Belgium). THE EU AND CHINA: PARTNERS IN EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM? Paper presented at the conference on the International Politics of EU-China Relations sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the British Academy, 20-21 April 2006.

Implications for an EU-China Partnership: The Chinese Perspective As is the case with the EU,
AND
 and ensuring the peaceful emergence of China as a great power, and China aims at learning from the European process of integration to ensure that these goals are met. 

Asia pivot causes territorial aggression by allies in the South China Sea
Paul Eckert 6-15-2012; analyst for Reuters, Analysis: Obama's Asia "pivot" advances, but obstacles await http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/15/us-usa-pacific-pivot-idUSBRE85E1B420120615

DECLINE TALK, BUDGET CUTS When Australia's Defense Minister Stephen Smith visited China this month for inaugural
AND
a retired senior Australian naval officer and maritime security researcher at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University.

Miscalc and extinction
Glaser 12 (Bonnie S., Senior Fellow – Center for Strategic and International Studies, “Armed Clash in the South China Sea,” CFR, April, http://www.cfr.org/east-asia/armed-clash-south-china-sea/p27883)
The risk of conflict in the South China Sea is significant. China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines have
AND
 intensifying bilateral strategic competition would likely make managing such a crisis more difficult

econ
No scenario for conflict
Barnett, senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC, contributing editor/online columnist for Esquire, 8/25/’9
(Thomas P.M, “The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis,” Aprodex, Asset Protection Index, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx)

When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze with
AND
Our new Africa Command, for example, hasn't led us to anything beyond advising and training local forces.

No double-dip – econ stable and rising
Newman 3/27/13 (Rick Newman - Chief Business Correspondent for US News, “The American Revival Is Underway,” http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/rick-newman/2013/03/27/the-american-revival-is-underway)
In the United States by contrast, regulators have been more aggressive about
AND
whose aggressive easy-money policies are now helping boost home and car sales, while also pushing stock prices higher.

fixing manufacturing collapses the chemical industry
KPMG 2k13
(“The future of the US chemical industry,” pg online @ http://www.kpmg.com/global/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/reaction/pages/the-future-of-the-us-chemical-industry.aspx um-ef)
But with the commercialization of shale gas in the US, the industry has seen
AND
, while the emerging markets have boomed ahead with China, India and Latin America in the lead.

Chemical industry solves disease and bioterror
Baum, ’99 Founder of Chemical and Engineering News Washington (Rudy Baum, CandEN Washington, 6 December 1999, “Millennium Special Report,” http://pubs.acs.org/cen/hotarticles/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html)//CC
Computers and the Internet are clearly one of the driving forces shaping all aspects of society at the turn of the millennium. But despite the stock market's insistence that "tech stocks" equal "computer stocks," we here at CandEN
AND
In the coming decades, we will use chemistry to delve ever deeper into these mysteries and provide for humanity's basic and not-so-basic needs.

Disease extinction
Yu 2009 (5/22, Victoria, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human extinction: the uncertainty of our fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate)
A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed fallen victim to viruses. Perhaps
AND
only 25 mutations were required to convert the original viral strain — which could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10).

Bioterror extinction
Matheny, 7 (Jason G., Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction, Risk Analysis, Volume 27, Issue 5)
Of current extinction risks, the most severe may be bioterrorism. The knowledge needed
AND
local health systems to respond to pandemics (Lam, Franco, and Shuler, 2006).

Squo solves – oil prices are lower and exports are increasing
Julian Pecquet 8-9-2012; The Hill, “US trade deficit hits 18-month low” http://thehill.com/blogs/global-affairs/trade/242889-us-trade-deficit-hits-18-month-low

The U.S. trade deficit in June hit its lowest level since December 2010, the Commerce
AND
however. Imports of goods and services fell to $227.9 billion, down from $231.4 billion in May, driven in large part by falling oil prices.

No US impact to prices because we’re an importer
Tobias N. Rasmussen and Agustín Roitman August 2011 Middle East and Central Asia Department, International Monetary Fund; “Oil Shocks in a Global Perspective: Are they Really that Bad?”

VII. CONCLUSION Conventional wisdom has it that oil shocks are bad for oil-importing countries. This is
AND
We provide a model illustrating this effect and find supporting empirical evidence.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Trinity GK | Judge:
1nc ptx
ptx

Immigration reform package moving smoothly through congress now – Obama pressure and engagement is key to maintain momentum and prevent the GOP from smothering the bill
 I-Hsien Sherwood (writer for the Latino Post) March 21, 2013 “Immigration Reform 2013 News: Delays Could Hinder Reform Bill, So Speed is Necessary” http://www.latinospost.com/articles/14995/20130321/immigration-reform-2013-news-delays-hinder-bill-speed-necessary.htm
Lately, proponents of immigration reform have been
AND
 said.¶ Whether Congress can maintain momentum on the issue remains to be seen.

Unpopular
Drennen 10 Kyle is a writer at NewsBuster. “CBS 'Early Show' Hits Obama From Left on Offshore Drilling,” April 1, http://newsbusters.org/?q=blogs/kyle-drennen/2010/04/01/cbs-early-show-hits-obama-left-offshore-drilling
Introducing a segment on Thursday's CBS Early Show about President Obama's decision to open up
AND
were quite fulsome in their denunciation of this plan."

ANWR is consistently controversial – party-line issue
UPI 9-22-2012; ANWR drilling 'a political hot potato' http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2011/09/22/ANWR-drilling-a-political-hot-potato/UPI-46741316692360/

WASHINGTON, Sept. 22 (UPI) -- House legislators divided along partisan lines during a hearing
AND
 total production from ANWR would represent, at most, around 1 percent of the total world oil consumption.

Top priority—PC stewardship key
Shifter 12/27 Michael is the President of Inter-American Dialogue. “Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?” 2012, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=3186

Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US’
AND
 some arms, even in his own party. Resistance will not disappear. 

Key to Latin American relations
Simon Rosenberg (President, NDN, public policy think tank) April 2009 “Making the Case: 7 Reasons Why Congress Should Pass Comprehensive Immigration Reform this Year” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/simon-rosenberg/making-the-case-why-congr_b_193621.html
Fixing the immigration system will help reinforce that it is a "new day" for
AND
signaling that America is taking its relations with its southern neighbors much more seriously than in the past.

Nuclear war
James Francis Rochlin (Professor of Political Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan) 1994 “Discovering the Americas” p. 130-1

While there were economic motivations for Canadian policy in Central America, security concerns were perhaps more impotant.  Canada
AND
in efforts at regional conflict resolution, such as Contradora, as will be seen in the next chapter

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Trinity GK | Judge:
econ

chemicals internal
And, massive increase in the chemical industry causes oversupply – collapses growth

Starr 2k12
(“KPMG: Bright Outlook For U.S. With Commercialization Of Shale Gas,” pg online @ http://www.big4.com/kpmg/kpmg-bright-outlook-for-u-s-with-commercialization-of-shale-gas/ um-ef)
However, according to KPMG, there remain a number of risks on the horizon.
AND
 sedate growth, while the emerging markets have boomed ahead with China, India and Latin America in the lead.

And, risk the expansion goes beyond U.S. demand – collapses into cuts and unsustainable product

EandE Publishing 10/23/12
(“Can shale revival bring jobs back to long-contracting chemicals industry?,” pg online @ http://eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/10/23/1 um-ef)
Of course, the economy could go the other way, in which case
industry-speak for winding down plants and laying off workers.

Chemical industry solves disease and bioterror
Baum, ’99 Founder of Chemical and Engineering News Washington (Rudy Baum, CandEN Washington, 6 December 1999, “Millennium Special Report,” http://pubs.acs.org/cen/hotarticles/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html)//CC
Computers and the Internet are clearly one of the driving forces shaping all aspects of society at the turn of the millennium. But despite the stock market's insistence that
AND
what may be the most complex structure in the universe, the human brain, and with it hints about what constitutes consciousness. In the coming decades, we will use chemistry to delve ever deeper into these mysteries and provide for humanity's basic and not-so-basic needs.

Disease extinction
Yu 2009 (5/22, Victoria, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human extinction: the uncertainty of our fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate)
A pandemic will kill off all humans. In the past, humans have indeed
AND
is the fact that only 25 mutations were required to convert the original viral strain — which could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10).

at: iran heg

No impact to Iranian hegemony—they know they can’t achieve primacy so they won’t become aggressive
Afrasiabi, 8  - PhD and Iranian author (Kaveh, “Iran tries to make up lost ground”, Asia Times, 2/5,  http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JB05Ak01.html)

As long as the US-Iran power contest remains below the threshold of direct confrontation,
AND
no matter how tangible or significant the latter may be. The bottom line is they pale in comparison with the national security predicament rooted in the imperial presence of the US "leviathan" all around Iran's national borders. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Trinity GK | Judge:
2NC
2NC Turns Case Overview
US involvement makes every Asian conflict more likely and dangerous
Dr Jian Junbo 9-26-2012; assistant professor of the Institute of International Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai. “US pivots toward trouble in West Pacific”  http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/NI26Ad01.html

Noticeably, behind all the conflicts associated with China and its neighbors
AND
the dispute over the Diaoyus and keep the status quo when they normalized their diplomatic ties 40 years ago.

Asia pivot destroys interdependence and cooperation that would otherwise check war – guarantees great power conflict
Zheng Yongnian 9-29-2012; director of the East Asian Institute of the National University of Singapore. “US Asia-Pacific strategy destabilizes region” http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2012-09/29/content_26675703.htm

How does the U.S. “pivot to Asia” affect regional geopolitics? Here we have to take
AND
 Athens and Sparta, or the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

A2 We Deter China
China is stuck in a commitment trap – pivoting to Asia forces them into war
Dr Jian Junbo 9-26-2012; assistant professor of the Institute of International Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai. “US pivots toward trouble in West Pacific”  http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/NI26Ad01.html

If the price of Washington's "return to Asia" is taking an antagonistic policy toward China
AND
 another powerful Pacific country - and cooperate with all other concerned countries.

China will miscalc because they perceive the US is retrenching overall
Paul Eckert 6-15-2012; analyst for Reuters, Analysis: Obama's Asia "pivot" advances, but obstacles await http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/15/us-usa-pacific-pivot-idUSBRE85E1B420120615

"The U.S. becoming involved has fired up the Philippines and Vietnam to contest things more
AND
"The United States needs lots of partners because its own capabilities are in a sense in relative decline," said McKinley from the Australian National University.

2NC Ev Comparison

The only authoritative statements by Chinese officials say they’re okay with the squo but hate the pivot
Michael D. Swaine 6-29-2012; Senior Associate in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. “Chinese Leadership and Elite Responses to the U.S. Pacific Pivot” China Leadership Monitor, no. 38 http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/CLM38MS.pdf

However, while it is generally regarded as a positive term, the adjective “constructive” implies that
AND
 relationships in the region.27 Again, such statements were made during regular press conferences, in response to media questions.

XT Peaceful Rise
Yes peaceful rise – every demographic and economic incentive is for China to chill out
Yang Jun 1-19-2012; Political Counsellor of the Chinese Embassy of the United Kingdom. “China's peacful development is sincere and real” http://www2.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/events/events/2012/120119ChineseFP.aspx

International focus and media commentary betray deep anxiety of the west about the rising China.. This
AND
Peaceful development will consistently remain central to China's rise.'
No hostile rise
Dr Jian Junbo 9-26-2012; assistant professor of the Institute of International Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai. “US pivots toward trouble in West Pacific”  http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/NI26Ad01.html

A careful review of China's positions and claims on islands and waters in the South
AND
The challenge is from the outside - its neighbors, with the backing of the US.

prolif

No noko war
Paul Stares, CFR Center for Preventive Action Director and Conflict Prevention Senior Fellow, 8/12/2010, “Handling Tensions on the Korean Peninsula," http://www.cfr.org/publication/22788/handling_tensions_on_the_korean_peninsula.html, access 12/7/2010

Other than firing some coastal artillery and detaining a South Korean fishing boat that recently
AND
 while a much weaker North knows that it would never survive another major conflict.

2NC EU Impact Overview

China-EU ties are key to solve every major impact – Iran, terrorism, warming, global conflict, environment, science diplomacy, and the economy
Song Zhe 3-21-2011; China Daily, “China and EU: Moving forward together” http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2011-03/21/content_12200024.htm

After 35 years of growth and engagement, our relationship is comprehensive, strategic, dynamic
AND
matching Europe's expertise with China's market, and facilitate common business growth. 

China-EU ties are key to cap escalation on every conflict and implement successful multilateralism
Liselotte Odgaard and Sven Biscop 4-20-2006; Dr. Liselotte Odgaard is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at Aarhus University (Denmark). Dr. Sven BISCOP is a senior research fellow in the Royal Institute for International Relations (IRRI-KIIB) in Brussels and professor of European security at Ghent University (Belgium). THE EU AND CHINA: PARTNERS IN EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM? Paper presented at the conference on the International Politics of EU-China Relations sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the British Academy, 20-21 April 2006.

 Implications for an EU-China Partnership: The EU Perspective Strategic partnerships are vital to
AND
 and to contribute actively and constructively to effective multilateralism. 

Extinction
Gwynne Dyer, 12/30/2004 former senior lecturer in war studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, The End of War, The Toronto Star, p. lexis

The "firebreak" against nuclear weapons use that we began building after Hiroshima and Nagasaki has held for well
AND
of winners and losers, then history will repeat itself and everybody loses.

CCP collapse also goes global and nuclear
Rexing 5 (San, Staff – Epoch Times, The CCP’s Last Ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War, 8-5, http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30975.html)

Since the Party’s life is “above all else,” it would not be surprising if the CCP resorts to the use of biological, chemical,
AND
who has killed 80 million Chinese people and who now plans to hold one billion people hostage and gamble with their lives. 

scs overview

Causes great power war
Waldron 1997 (Arthur, Prof Strategy and Policy – Naval War College, Commentary, 3-1, http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.7442,filter.all/pub_detail.asp)

Then there is Southeast Asia, which, having weathered the Vietnam war and a variety of domestic insurgencies, and having moved
AND
itself, could easily draw in neighboring states--Russia, or India, or Japan--or the United States.

South China Sea conflict collapses the global economy
Gregor ’99 (A. James, Prof PoliSci – Berkeley, Qualified Engagement, Naval War College Review, Spring)

There is no doubt that the United States considers free passage along the sea lines of communication
AND
Indonesia, arguing similar concerns, has attempted to increase its control over the traffic through the Malacca and Lombok straits.

Turns hegemony, economy, and free trade.
Sokolsky 2000 (Richard, Distinguished Research Fellow @ Institute for National Strategic Studies, The Role of Southeast Asia in U.S. Strategy Toward China, http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1170/MR1170.ch2.pdf)

Southeast Asia lies at the intersection of two of the world’s most heavily traveled sea-lanes. The east-west route
AND
 navigation and the sea-lanes and retain the capability to deny freedom of operation to potential adversaries.

1NC Sino-Japan Turn

Asia pivot escalates China-Japan tensions in the East China sea
Dr Jian Junbo 9-26-2012; assistant professor of the Institute of International Studies at Fudan University, Shanghai. “US pivots toward trouble in West Pacific”  http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/NI26Ad01.html

SHANGHAI - The dispute over the territorial sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands
AND
also soured relations between the two socialist countries. And this year, the Diaoyu issue has become a regional focus.

Senkaku disputes go nuclear
Bill Emmot, 6-4-2008 editor of the Economist, Power rises in the east, The Australian, p. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/power-rises-in-the-east/story-e6frg8px-1111116460128
As well as knitting them, however, this drama is also grinding together Asian powers that had previously kept a strict economic and political separation from one
AND
the East China Sea and the Senkaku-Diaoyutai islands, Taiwan and Pakistan.

Trade Wars Turn
1NC Trade Wars Turn
Asia pivot causes trade wars in Southeast Asia
Paul Eckert 6-15-2012; analyst for Reuters, Analysis: Obama's Asia "pivot" advances, but obstacles await http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/15/us-usa-pacific-pivot-idUSBRE85E1B420120615

POLITE FICTION, ECONOMIC REPRISALS The official U.S. line that its more energetic
AND
South China Sea dispute with Manila by tightening quality controls on Philippine fruit and cutting the number of visits by Chinese citizens to the Philippines.

Goes nuclear
Taaffe 5 Peter Taaffe, “China, A New Superpower?,” Socialist Alternative.org, Nov 1, 2005, pg. http://www.socialistalternative.org/news/article11.php?id=30 

While this conflict is unresolved, the shadow of a trade war looms. Some commentators, like Henry C.K. Liu in the Asia Times, go further and warn that
AND
 bellicose nuclear arms rattling shows the contempt of the so-called great powers for the ordinary working-class and peasant peoples of China and the people of the U.S. when their interests are at stake. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Trinity GK | Judge:
1nr
overview

Extinction
Shifter, Inter-American Dialogue president, 2012
(Michael, “Remaking the Relationship: The United States and Latin America,” April, IAD Policy Report, http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/IAD2012PolicyReportFINAL.pdf, DOA: 2-9-13, ldg)

There are compelling reasons for the United States and Latin America
AND
both from the United States and from Latin America and the Caribbean.

Failure to pass immigration puts the squeeze on American companies, rolls back the aff
RICHARD 08  LLL and LLB . 2/6/08 (“Counter-Point: 4 Reasons Why Recession is BAD for the Environment” http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/02/4_reasons_recession_bad_environment.php) 

As a counter-point to Lloyd's tongue-in-cheek post about 10 Ways the Recession Can Help the Environment
AND
 Don't even think about progress on global warming. 

1nc cyber attack impact

Immigration reform generates an effective base of IT experts.
McLarty 9 (Thomas F. III, President – McLarty Associates and Former White House Chief of Staff and Task Force Co-Chair, “U.S. Immigration Policy: Report of a CFR-Sponsored Independent Task Force”, 7-8, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/19759/us_immigration_policy.html) 

We have seen, when you look at the table of the top 20 firms that are H1-B visa requestors, at least 15
AND
as they graduate -- then, obviously, that's going to strengthen, I think, our system, our security needs.

That deters and solves the impact to cyberattacks
Saydjari 8 (O. Sami, Cyber Defense Agency, LLC, “Structuring for Strategic Cyber Defense: A Cyber Manhattan Project Blueprint”, 2008 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, http://www.acsac.org/2008/program /keynotes/saydjari.pdf)

As a step toward a security research plan that includes such capabilities, we should identify endstates— goals in terms
AND
 to critical US infrastructures. Currently, adversaries can attack critical systems without investing substantial resources. 

Extinction
Fritz 9 (Jason, BS – St. Cloud, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control”, Study Commissioned on Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, July, www.icnnd.org/Documents/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.doc)

The US uses the two-man rule to achieve a higher level of security in nuclear affairs. Under this rule two authorized personnel must be present and in agreement during
AND
This took place amid the confusion of mass DDoS attacks, real world protests, and accusations between governments.

turns econ

Reform is key to economic growth
Klein 1/29 Ezra is a columnist for The Washington Post. “To Fix the U.S. Economy, Fix Immigration,” 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01-29/to-fix-the-u-s-economy-fix-immigration.html

Washington tends to have a narrow view of what counts as “economic policy.” Anything we do to the tax code is in.
AND
majors in our universities, an influx of foreign-born students is the most obvious solution you’ll find.

turns china

2nc uniqueness wall

2nc top of agenda
Obama PC puts immigration at the top of the docket
Jennifer Epstein (writer for Politico) March 27, 2013 “Obama renews push on immigration reform” http://www.politico.com/politico44/2013/03/obama-renews-push-on-immigration-reform-160372.html?hp=r3
President Obama sought to refocus the political conversation on immigration
AND
"We're seeing right now a good, bipartisan spirit. I want to encourage that," he added on Univision. "Hopefully we'll be able to get it done."

at: business/labor
Business and big labor conflicts won’t take down the legislation now
David Nakamura (writer for the Washington Post) March 22, 2013 “Immigration reform impasse deepens between labor, business” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/03/22/immigration-reform-impasse-deepens-between-labor-business/
Business and labor leaders accused one another of putting a comprehensive immigration
AND
after five years, angering the business community and many Republicans.
2nc ext link

Dems key to immigration reform
Shikha Dalmia (Columnist for The Examiner) March 14, 2013 “Shikha Dalmia: Democratic obstacles to immigration reform” http://washingtonexaminer.com/shikha-dalmia-democratic-obstacles-to-immigration-reform/article/2524332
On immigration reform, Republicans are supposed to be the bad guys and Democrats the good guys.
AND
the U.S. economy. It'll be interesting to see what President Obama does about it.

ANWR is consistently controversial – party-line issue
UPI 9-22-2012; ANWR drilling 'a political hot potato' http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2011/09/22/ANWR-drilling-a-political-hot-potato/UPI-46741316692360/

WASHINGTON, Sept. 22 (UPI) -- House legislators divided along partisan lines during a hearing examining
AND
30 years, in the House of Representatives alone." The U.S. Energy Information Agency says total production from ANWR would represent, at most, around 1 percent of the total world oil consumption.

2nc delay link

Delay kills immigration reform – Obama and congress are pushing to get it done soon
Ted Hesson (writer for ABC News) March 27, 2013 “3 Reasons Why an Immigration Reform Timeline Matters” http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/reasons-immigration-reform-timeline-matters/story?id=18822563#.UVPYPld4_nF
But any further significant delay could jeopardize that timeline.
AND
the August recess because their guys are going to be unwilling to take a tough vote after that," Fitz said.

2nc pc key/at: hirsh

Hirsh’s point is that PC’s not key because some GOP figures want reform for the Latino vote, so leaders like Jindal are calling for it
Hirsh 2/7 Michael, chief correspondent for National Journal, previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, has appeared many times as a commentator on Fox News, CNN, MSNBC, and National Public Radio, has written for the Associated Press, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Foreign Affairs, Harper’s, and Washington Monthly, and authored two books, "There's No Such Thing as Political Capital", 2013, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207

Meanwhile, the Republican members of the Senate’s so-called Gang of Eight are pushing hard for
AND
 country where the 2010 census showed, for the first time, that white births have fallen into the minority. It’s got nothing to do with Obama’s political capital or, indeed, Obama at all.

That thesis is wrong—those people are the minority—even if presidential hopefuls can’t bash immigrants, Congress can—clearly makes PC key
Robert Mann 1-28, holds the Manship Chair at the Manship School of Mass Communication at Louisiana State University and is director of the school’s Reilly Center for Media and Public Affairs, 1/28/13, “The GOP and Latinos: Will immigration reform change their relationship? Not likely,” http://bobmannblog.com/2013/01/28/the-gop-and-latinos-will-immigration-reform-change-their-relationship-not-likely/

Having lost the popular vote in five of the last six presidential elections, some Republican leaders in
AND
 presidential races, but it’s still a very effective strategy in some local and state politics in many places around the country. 

Hirsh’s other point is that PC isn’t objectively measurable—but it still exists and is key to immigration—Obama has to make political deals—this proves bargaining and persuasion are key, even on other issues
Jonathan Bernstein 1-28, Assistant Professor of Political Science at UTSA, 1/28/13, “On immigration, Obama should opt for a persuasive vagueness,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2013/01/28/on-immigration-obama-should-opt-for-a-persuasive-vagueness/

Ezra Klein made an excellent point about Barack Obama and immigration reform today:
AND
 (Members of Congress? Which ones? Interest groups? Again, which ones? Parts of the bureaucracy?). 

new 2nc pc key
dem unity key

Dems key to immigration reform
Shikha Dalmia (Columnist for The Examiner) March 14, 2013 “Shikha Dalmia: Democratic obstacles to immigration reform” http://washingtonexaminer.com/shikha-dalmia-democratic-obstacles-to-immigration-reform/article/2524332
On immigration reform, Republicans are supposed to be the bad guys and Democrats the good guys.
AND
 the U.S. economy. It'll be interesting to see what President Obama does about it.

     xt obama pushing / top priority

Obama pushing immigration reform now – it’s a top priority and has momentum now but there is resistance
Justin Sink and Meghashyam Mali (writer for The Hill) March 25, 2013 “Obama: 'The time has come' to move immigration reform in Congress” http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290129-obama-the-time-has-come-to-move-immigration-reform
 Bipartisan groups in both the House and Senate are moving closer to unveiling separate immigration reform proposals,
AND
 predict their plan could move forward when legislators return from a two-week Easter break.
2nc uniqueness wall
This stretch is critical for immigration reform – Obama is pushing but differences could derail the bill
The Hill March 19, 2013 “Crucial stretch for Obama” http://thehill.com/opinion/editorials/289159-crucial-stretch-for-obama
President Obama has a big second-term agenda, but he faces a make-or-break stretch during the next couple
AND
both legislative efforts will be deemed in potentially deadly trouble.

Top of the agenda – bill coming very soon
Julie Pace (Writer for the Boston Globe) March 26, 2013 “Overhaul immigration laws now, Obama tells Congress” http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2013/03/25/obama-calls-for-speedy-debate-immigration-bill/1iFS3WuovsEw0Vj626WTXK/story.html
With members of the House and Senate away on spring break, Obama made his most
AND
 overwhelmingly backed Obama, in part because of the tough stance on immigration that Republicans took during the campaign.

Immigration reform will pass now insiders cite substantial progress and consensus now
Meghashyam Mali (writer for The Hill) March 25, 2013 “Obama to host new citizens, push for action on immigration reform” http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290053-obama-to-host-new-citizens-press-congress-on-immigration-reform
The move comes as the president continues to press lawmakers to pass comprehensive immigration
AND
they would back immigration reform, including measures to provide a pathway to citizenship.
GOP caving now on immigration reform
The National Journal March 20, 2013 “The Edge: Can Anything Move Congress on Gun Control?” http://www.nationaljournal.com/the-edge-newsletter/the-edge-can-anything-move-congress-on-gun-control-20130320
GOP RESISTANCE TO IMMIGRATION REFORM CRUMBLES. Many are talking about the New York Times story today that begins as follows: “Republican opposition to legalizing the status of millions of illegal immigrants is crumbling in the nation’s capital as leading lawmakers in the party scramble to halt eroding support among Hispanic voters—a shift that is providing strong momentum for an overhaul of immigration laws.” The story goes on to note recent comments from Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., and Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., urging a new way forward, but points out that lawmakers like Paul are being careful to avoid the perception that they support amnesty.
Bill is 90% done – trending upward
Anna Palmer (writer for Politico) March 27, 2013 “Immigration talks hit the border” http://www.politico.com/story/2013/03/immigration-talks-hit-the-border-not-ground-zero-89407.html?hp=t1_3
“The bottom line is we are very close. I’d say we are 90 percent there,” said Democratic
AND
during a congressional recess — is a sign that this time could be different.

2nc worker shortages now
High tech worker shortage now
Gary Shapiro (president and CEO of the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA)) March 27, 2013 “Tech Executives: Immigration Reform a Top Priority” http://www.forbes.com/sites/garyshapiro/2013/03/27/tech-executives-immigration-reform-a-top-priority/
Today I join hundreds of leaders in business, finance, technology and policymaking in Silicon Valley for the 2013 Global Technology Symposium. This year’s theme is “Entrepreneurship in the Global World,” a timely subject given the technology community’s
AND
 an incentive for them to compete against us by working for other companies abroad.

2nc no wins—second term

Empirically w/w is wrong
Clark 1/19
Lesley Clark and Anita Kumar (writers for McClatchy Newspapers) January 19, 2013 “Obama's second term: Guns, immigration, taxes -- and warnings of hubris” Lexis

"People will say, 'If we're spending that much energy, we're not spending enough
AND
On the other hand, I didn't get re-elected just to bask in re-election."

Not the case during the second-term—plan overstretches Obama by overspending outside of campaign promises
Hoover 1/19
Margaret Hoover (Republican strategist and CNN contributor), Piers Morgan (Host of Piers Morgan Tonight) and Ryan Lizza (CNN Contributor) January 19, 2013 “Obama's Second Term” http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1301/19/pmt.01.html

HOOVER: I absolutely am. You can try to caricature me into a terrible Republican, but there are plenty
AND
 of bipartisan compromise in a Congress that is very polarized.

Prefer specificity – right now Obama’s agenda uniquely causes political priority trade-offs
Jackson 1/24
David Jackson (writer for USA Today) 1/24, 2013 “Obama's agenda gets crowded” http://www.usatoday.com/story/theoval/2013/01/24/obama-agenda-gun-violence-immigration-budget/1860889/
President Obama's second-term agenda is getting mighty crowded with big issues.¶
AND
 And the next set of House and Senate elections will be here before you know it, in November 2014.

1NC: T – RandD, Heidegger, Sequestration DA, Loan Guarantees CP
2NR: Sequestration DA, Case D