| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge:
ADVANTAGE ONE IS MANUFACTURING
Shale is terminally unsustainable – conventional gas key to avert price spikes and domino effects across the industry
Engdahl, 3/13/13 William, an American German freelance journalist, historian and economic researcher, a degree in engineering and jurisprudence from Princeton University in 1966 (BA), and graduate study in comparative economics at the University of Stockholm from 1969 to 1970, he worked as an economist and in Europe. His first book was called A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order, and discusses the alleged roles of Zbigniew Brzezinski and George Ball and of the USA in the 1979 overthrow of the Shah of Iran, which was meant to manipulate oil prices and to stop Soviet expansion. Engdahl claims that Brzezinski and Ball used the Islamic Balkanization model proposed by Bernard Lewis. In 2007, he completed Seeds of Destruction: The Hidden Agenda of Genetic Manipulation.
Engdahl is also a frequent contributor to the website of the Centre for Research on Globalization.
William Engdahl has been married since 1987, and has been living for more than two decades near Frankfurt am Main, Germany., The Fracked-up USA Shale Gas Bubble, http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-fracked-up-usa-shale-gas-bubble/5326504
Shale gas has recently come onto the gas market in the US via use of several combined … with drilling rigs.” 36 The much-touted shale gas revolution in the USA is collapsing along with the stock shares of Chesapeake and other key players. And, that ensures catastrophic price spikes
Maize, 12/1/12 “Is Shale Gas Shallow or the Real Deal?”, Kennedy, Veteran Journalist Kennedy Maize has spent the past 40 years working as a journalist, analyst, and manager in the private sector and federal government, with over 35 years of that focused on energy and environmental topics. Over that time, he has seen myriad examples of how group think, policy fads, and bad judgment can result in colossal failures, particularly in the field of atomic energy. Maize has seen, up close and personal, the demise of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, the arrival of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the birth of the U.S. Department of Energy, the failures of nuclear flight, the hubris of atomic earthmoving, the boom and bust uranium market, the birth and death of breeder reactors, and the 60-year wandering in the wilderness of nuclear waste policy. After graduating from Penn State and graduate study at the University of Maryland, Kennedy Maize worked for newspapers in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia and the Associated Press in Baltimore. He then spent five years in management at the National Institute of Health and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission before taking a job covering energy, environment, and business topics for Editorial Research Reports, a division of Congressional Quarterly, where his work appeared in over 1,000 daily newspapers in the U.S. during the mid-to-late 1970s. Maize became a staff writer and editor at The Energy Daily, a preeminent energy trade paper, on March 28, 1979, the day the Three Mile Island accident began outside Harrisburg, Pa. Over more than 10 years at The Energy Daily, he covered the nuclear and coal industries, including stories involving the Clinch River Breeder Reactor, the U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corp., the Powder River Basin coal leasing scandal, and the Chernobyl explosion. In 1993, he founded The Electricity Daily, where he was the editor for 14 years, writing about changes in the electricity business, the rise and fall of Enron, the stagnation of the nuclear power business, and the arrival of market forces in the utility field. Since 2006, he has been an editor at POWER magazine, and the founder of MANAGING POWER magazine, where he has written about the Fukushima catastrophe, the emergence of shale gas and decline of coal, and the often ill-advised push for renewable electricity technologies http://www.powermag.com/gas/Is-Shale-Gas-Shallow-or-the-Real-Deal_5188.html In an interview with POWER, Berman argued that the boom in drilling shale gas wells has obscured a long-term decline in conventional gas supply. But a …s a check-and-balance with coal. There will be gas-coal switching if prices do go much higher than now.” And, demand increases make a shock inevitable – corresponding supply key
Moors, 12/14/12 Dr. Kent, Dr. Kent F. Moors is an internationally recognized expert in global risk management, oil/natural gas policy and finance, cross-border capital flows, emerging market economic and fiscal development, political, financial and market risk assessment. He is the executive managing partner of Risk Management Associates International LLP (RMAI), a full-service, global-management-consulting and executive training firm. Moors has been an advisor to the highest levels of the U.S., Russian, Kazakh, Bahamian, Iraqi and Kurdish governments, to the governors of several U.S. states, and to the premiers of two Canadian provinces. He’s served as a consultant to private companies, financial institutions and law firms in 25 countries and has appeared more than 1,400 times as a featured radio-and-television commentator in North America, Europe and Russia, appearing on ABC, BBC, Bloomberg TV, CBS, CNN, NBC, Russian RTV and regularly on Fox Business Network. A professor in the Graduate Center for Social and Public Policy at Duquesne University, where he also directs the Energy Policy Research Group, Moors has developed international educational programs and he runs training sessions for multiple U.S. government agencies. And until recent revisions in U.S. policy, Dr. Moors was slated to be the deputy director of the Iraq Reconstruction Management Office (IRMO) in Baghdad,
http://moneymorning.com/2012/12/14/2013-natural-gas-forecast-six-bullish-reasons-why-now-is-the-time-to-buy/\ A rise on the supply side would generally reduce prices, … added demand will eliminate three times the current total gas in storage nationwide. And, supply expansion locks in a competitive advantage
Pirog and Ratner, 12 November, Congressional Research Service, Natural Gas in the U.S. Economy: Opportunities for Growth Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42814.pdf Expanded supply, coupled with low natural gas prices, has the … long-run contract terms, specifically linking natural gas prices to oil prices, would need to be changed to a more market-oriented method.
The impact is economic collapse—natural gas maintains growth
Carey, 12/13/12 Julie M, Julie M. Carey is an energy economist with Navigant Economics who provides consulting and testifying services Navigant’s unconventional oil and gas offerings include advisory services for strategic business decision analysis, construction risk management, economic and antitrust analyses, investment banking and restructuring advisory services, and expert services for disputes and investigations, “How Unconventional Oil And Gas Is Supercharging The U.S. Economy”, http://www.forbes.com/sites/energysource/2012/12/13/how-unconventional-oil-and-gas-is-transforming-the-u-s-economy/ It’s an exciting time to be in the energy industry in America. The impact of unconventional oil and gas development on the U.S. …infrastructure build out and related opportunities (including both direct and indirect jobs). Robust domestic gas production is key to sustain manufacturing
Duesterberg, 12 Tom is Executive Director of the Manufacturing and Society in the 21st Century program at the Aspen Institute. He recently retired as President and CEO of The Manufacturers Alliance/MAPI, an economic research and executive education organization based in Arlington, Virginia with more than 500 manufacturing firms as members. Previous positions include: Director of the Washington Office of The Hudson Institute, Assistant Secretary for International Economic Policy at the U.S. Department of Commerce, chief of staff to two members of Congress, and associate instructor at Stanford University. His commentary and analysis on manufacturing, economic performance, globalization, and related policy issues can be found in major news outlets. He holds a B.A. degree from Princeton and M. A. and Ph.D. degrees from Indiana University, “Impact of the Energy Boom on US Manufacturing”,
http://www.aspeninstitute.org/about/blog/impact-energy-boom-us-manufacturing The manufacturing sector has been leading the US economic … in part due to higher use of renewable energy—manufacturing uses 90 percent more renewables than the transportation sector.
Strong manufacturing is the only way to make the economy resilient
Ettlinger, 11 Michael, Vice President for Economic Policy at the Center for American Progress Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf Manufacturing is critically important to the American economy. …from exchange rate fluctuations to trade embargoes to natural disasters. Manufacturing loss cascades throughout the economy
Pisano and Shih, 12 September, Producing Prosperity: Why America Needs a Manufacturing Renaissance Kindle Edition, Harry E. Figgie Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. He has been on the Harvard faculty for 23 years, Professor of Management Practice. He joined the Technology and Operations Management Unit in January 2007, p. amazon kindle The rough and tumble of international competition means we should …that was invented in America. This explains why Asian suppliers have become the dominant source of the lithium ion battery cells used in electric vehicles. Nuclear war
Harris and Burrows, 9 – *counselor in the National Intelligence Council, the principal drafter of Global Trends 2025, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_burrows.pdf) Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is likely to be … resources is likely to be increasingly difficult both within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. Growth solves war—strong studies
Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the …and armed conflict has not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge:
Advantage two is the science advantage
Science leadership’s key to the sustainability and legitimacy of hegemony – independently solves extinction
Coletta 9 Damon Coletta, Professor of Political Science at the United States Air Force Academy, September 2009, “Science, Technology, and the Quest for International Influence,” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA536133andLocation=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdf
Less appreciated is how scientific progress facilitates diplomatic strategy in the long run…self-inflicted blow to U.S. leadership among nations.
Legitimacy of U.S. hegemony’s key to global stability---prevents great power war
Kevin Fujimoto 12, Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, January 11, 2012, “Preserving U.S. National Security Interests Through a Liberal World Construct,” online: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/index.cfm/articles/Preserving-US-National-Security-Interests-Liberal-World-Construct/2012/1/11
The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest … and support of a system of rules that will protect its interests later when we are no longer the world's only superpower.
Helium shortages destroy U.S. science leadership
Ong 12 Phuan Ong , the Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics Director, Princeton Center for Complex Materials Department of Physics Princeton University, Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing, Congressional Documents and Publications, lexis
The 2 main reasons why liquid helium is vital for research are: 1) Helium is the … to the U.S. national interest. Reliable helium supply key to semiconductors
SIA 12– Semiconductor Industry Association, 7/10/12, “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing,” http://www.sia-online.org/clientuploads/directory/DocumentSIA/Helium%20testimony%20120801%20(2).pdf
Helium's unique physical and chemical properties have made it … of the U.S. semiconductor manufacturing industry.
Stops EMP Attacks
Spring 94 (Baker Spring, Researcher – Heritage Foundation, Backgrounder, http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/BG987.cfm)
In addition to ensuring the reliability of the existing stockpile, testing …, see: Lt. Col. Bill Swiderek, "Evaluating the Viability of Rad-Hard Fab Lines," Military and Aerospace Electronics, September 20, 1993, pp. 4, 14-15.) Extinction
Pry 10 (Peter Vincent, director of the U.S. Nuclear Strategy Forum, “What America Needs to Know About EMPs” http://wethearmed.com/index.php?topic=8450.0)
EMP is not just a threat to computers and electronic gadgets, but to … could pose an EMP threat to the United States and advocated immediate implementation of the EMP Commission's recommendations.
Helium key to particle acceleration
CN 12 – Citation News, “Scientists' High-Pitched Response to Helium Shortage”, 3-22, http://www.cyberregs.com/webapps/Blog/post/Scientists-High-Pitched-Response-to-Helium-Shortage.aspx
Helium - the second lightest element in the universe with an atomic weight of 4.002602 - …billing for medical procedures, such as MRIs, scientific research, and defense expenditures, as well as party balloons. Accelerators stop nuclear testing
Monitoring arms control
Maintaining stockpile stewardship
Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf) From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical … eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production. Global nuclear war
Johnson 1 (Rebecca, Executive Director – Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, The Guardian, 7-17, Lexis)
Then the international arms control and non- proliferation regimes collapsed. … of even the most advanced military nation. Mumbling and grumbling won't keep us safe. It is time to speak out.
Plan solves impending shortages
Kammerzell, 11 Jaime, Jaime Kammerzell is an experienced upstream and downstream OandG journalist who has worked for many of the top petroleum publications. Email Jaime at eandpsessions@gmail.com. Helium to Move from Byproduct to Primary Drilling Target
http://rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=112735
Helium is likely to move from a derived product of natural gas production in the United States to a primary … is very mobile and accumulates in natural gas reservoirs.
Only conventional gas solves – shale gas doesn’t contain helium
Clarke 12 (Richard H – cryogenics and helium specialist at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, “Should we ban helium balloons?”, 12/11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/discussion/user-comments/richardhclarke)
Most shale gas contains no helium - helium diffuses through … or optic fibre manufacturing, and aerospace.
Shortages coming now – no slack capacity
Nelson 12 Walter, Director, Helium Sourcing and Supply Chain Air Products and Chemicals, Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing, Congressional Documents and Publications
There have been planned and unplanned maintenance outages at natural … back at full output will the global supply begin to fully stabilize. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge:
Plan
The United States Federal Government should reduce restrictions on offshore natural gas extraction in the United States. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge:
Solvency
Offshore gas is abundant and ensures economic growth – permanently lifting the moratorium solves
Mason, 09 Joseph R. Mason*, Hermann Moyse Jr./Louisiana Bankers Association Endowed Chair of Banking, Louisiana State University, E. J. Ourso College of Business. The Economic Contribution of Increased Offshore Oil Exploration and Production to Regional and National Economies, http://www.americanenergyalliance.org/images/aea_offshore_updated_final.pdf
Until recently, Congressional and Presidential leasing moratoria have withdrawn from production …of economic activity, suggesting that opening OCS Planning areas can increase economic growth, provide jobs, increase aggregate wages, and add to public revenues both today and for years in the future. 85% of gas is off limits now
Luthi, 11/9/12 Luthi is the president of the National Ocean Industry Association, representing more than 275 companies engaged in all aspects of the exploration and production of both traditional and renewable energy resources on the nation’s outer continental shelf, “Let's find agreement on new offshore access”, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-a-environment/267089-lets-find-agreement-on-new-offshore-access Now that the election is (finally) behind us, President Obama has an opportunity to set the nation more … how much is waiting for us there, because we’re not allowed to go look. And, the plan creates certainty for offshore production—balances supply
Griles 3 Lisa, Deputy Secretary, Department of the Interior, “Energy Production on Federal Lands,” Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate Mr. GRILES. America’s public lands have an abundant opportunity for … and buy, so they can have certainty about where to go. And, restrictions key – alters market dynamics
Medlock, 8 Medlock is a fellow in Energy Studies at Rice University's James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy and an adjunct assistant professor in the Economics Department at Rice, “Open outer continental shelf”, http://www.chron.com/opinion/outlook/article/Open-outer-continental-shelf-1597898.php A confluence of factors is responsible for the recent price run-up at the pump. One important … of the United States and lessen the influence of any future gas producers' cartel. And, that sustains low prices and ensures adequate supply
Hastings, 12 House Representative Doc, Republican Washington, President Obama's offshore drilling plan must be replaced, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-a-environment/239529-president-obamas-offshore-drilling-plan-must-be-replaced Though President Obama uses lofty rhetoric to claim support … using American energy to create American jobs and strengthen America’s economy. Only offshore development can keep domestic prices down
Pirog, 12 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics CRS, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40645_20120210.pdf Natural gas markets differ from the oil market in that they … in a market environment dominated by onshore shale gas development. Nearly 100 new projects are capable of development
Paul Hillegeist et al (President and COO at Quest Offshore Resources, Inc, Sean Shafer, Project Director, Andrew Jackson, Project Manager, Leslie Cook , Senior Research Consultant) December 2011 “The State of the Offshore U.S. Oil and Gas Industry” http://energytomorrow.org/images/uploads/Quest_2011_December_29_Final.pdf If drilling permits going forward were to be issued at pre‐moratorium rates, the number of shallow water projects delayed could be significantly … to the nation in terms of energy security, employment and government revenue. OCS doubles our capacity
Baker Institute, ‘8 (Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Baker Institute Policy Report, January 2008, “Natural Gas in North America: Markets and Security,” http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/30064519/study-lift-u-s-drilling-restrictions-avoid-international-lng-cartel)//CC As might be expected, the lower requirements for LNG under this scenario stem … Mountains adds another 0.10 tcf by 2015 and 0.93 tcf by 2025. Otherwise, restrictions crush predictability and timing of projects
Curry L. Hagerty (Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy at the Congressional Research Service) June 15, 2010 “Outer Continental Shelf Moratoria on Oil and Gas Development” http://crs.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/10Jul/R41132.pdf One legacy of congressional moratoria … of more permanent alternatives for similar leasing prohibitions |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge:
HELIUM Semiconductors solve war
DS, 5 (Defense Science Board Task Force, “Defense Science Board Task Force On HIGH PERFORMANCE MICROCHIP SUPPLY,” February, http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA435563.pdf)
Defense systems, by the nature of their functions and use environment, require technologies for which there …. Commercial facilities lack the unique processes required to meet DOD-unique needs. Super-quakes
Ratcliffe 92 (David T., University of Oregon, “Nuclear Bomb Tests and their Relationship to Earthquakes Planetwide”, Planetwork Conference, http://www.ratical.org/radiation/inetSeries/testsNquakes.html)
Although the quake provoked renewed calls for a halt to plans for …over the edge into the abyss of non-being for many, many millennia to come. Core heating
Chalko 3 (Tom J., PhD, Prof Geophysics, Mt Best, Australia, Scientific Engineering Research, 3-3, http://sci-e-research.com/neutron_bomb.html
Consequences of using modern nuclear weapons can be far more serious than … circumstances, may even cause the entire planet to explode. Shortages coming now – natural gas key
Pugh, 3/2/13 Editor's note: Moses Chan, Evan Pugh professor of physics at Penn State University, served on the National Research Council committee that wrote the report, "Selling the Nation's Helium Reserve." Jim Lancaster, director of the National Research Council's Board on Physics and Astronomy, directed the study, http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/02/opinion/chan-lancaster-helium/index.html
(CNN) -- If you've thrown a birthday party recently, you might have personally … are shut down for maintenance and repair, as they have been over the last few months, helium shortages can occur. Nothing else solves but the aff
EIA, 06 Energy Information Administration, Natural Gas Processing: The Crucial Link Between Natural Gas Production and Its Transportation to Market, http://www.eia.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/feature_articles/2006/ngprocess/ngprocess.pdf
The world’s supply of helium comes exclusively from …1985 and 1996, although its use has leveled off in recent years. PRICES California key to US and global econ
Navarro, ‘8 Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine and holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University (Peter Navarro, SFGate, 15 August 2008, “California nightmare for the global economy?” http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/California-nightmare-for-the-global-economy-3273234.php)//CC
Will the California budget crisis tip the United States … world, may soon pay the Golden State's piper. Stimulus key
Turner, 1/15 (Greg Turner, Tribune Business News, 15 January 2013, “Boston Fed chief: Economy needs stimulus,” proquest)CC
Boston Fed chief Eric Rosengren painted a generally encouraging …the economy's return to full employment." Production shortfalls cause gas wars
Ewall, ‘7 Mike Ewall. (Founder and Director of the Energy Justice Network). “Fact Sheet: Liquified Natural Gas (LNG)” November 2007.
FACT SHEET: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Why LNG? 97% of natural gas …gas markets globalize, our military conflicts are starting to be about natural gas as well. Methane release inevitable – only extraction solves extinction
Light 12 (Malcolm P.R. Light, Center for Polar Observation and Modeling, University of London, polar climate modeling and methane hydrates in the permafrost and submarine Arctic, “Charting Mankind’s Arctic Methane Emission Exponential Expressway to Total Extinction in the Next 50 Years,” Arctic News, August 10, 2012, http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/charting-mankinds-expressway-to-extinction.html)
If left alone the subsea Arctic methane hydrates will … the entire Arctic subsea methane blowout (Light 2012c). 2AC T – Restriction We meet---OCS moratorium are restrictions
Hagerty 10 Curry, Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy, “ Outer Continental Shelf Moratoria on Oil and Gas Development” CRS 2010
Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) moratoria provisions, enacted as part of the … in offshore leasing activity. Change in moratoria policy signals a shift in policy that may affect other OCS policies as well. C/I – Restrictions make production more difficult or expensive
LVMI 96 Ludwig Von Mises Institute Original Book by Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian Economist in 1940, Evidence is cut from fourth edition copyright Bettina B. Greaves, “Human Action”http:mises.org/pdf/humanaction/pdf/ha_29.pdf
Restriction of production means that the … as possible. Such interference makes people poorer and less satisfied. We meet – Land access limits production of natural gas – contextual evidence
NaturalGas.org, no date (NaturalGas.org, no date given website registered 2004, “Natural Gas Supply,” http://www.naturalgas.org/business/analysis.asp)//CC
In addition to the short term impediments to increasing natural gas supply, there exist … the amount of natural gas resources that may be extracted to increase supply. Prefer –
Aff ground – only nat gas aff, 98% of reserves, biggest aff on the topic
Precision – resolutional synergy and energy-specific definitions key to predictability, education, and policymaking Default to reasonability---prevents race to the bottom to arbitrarily limit out the aff and is preferable in restrictions context
MME 12 Mexican Ministry of Economy, “Other Appellant Submission of Mexico”, UNITED STATES – CERTAIN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN LABELLING REQUIREMENTS, March, http://www.economia.gob.mx/files/comunidad_negocios/comercio_exterior/solucion_controversias/EDO.EDO/ORGANIZACION%20MUNDIAL%20DE%20COMERCIO/Participaci%C3%B3n%20de%20M%C3%A9xico%20como%20reclamante/EU_COOL/20COMUNICACIONDELOTROAPELANTEDEMEXICO.pdf
52. The ordinary meaning of “restrictive” is “imposing restrictions”63 … need not prove actual trade effects. 2AC Politics DA Plan isn’t legislation
Janofsky 6 (Michael, Veteran Journalist, “Offshore Drilling Plan Widens Rifts Over Energy Policy,” New York Times, 4-9, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/washington/09drill.html)
A Bush administration proposal to open an energy-rich tract of the Gulf … to public comment before being made final. Unless Congress directs the administration to change course, the administration's final plan would lead to bidding on new leases in 2007. Obama pushing cyber security – top priority
Martinez, The Hill, 3-18-13
(Jennifer, “Cyberattacks sound alarms as business, lawmakers scramble to bolster defenses,” 3-18-13, http://thehill.com/blogs/hillicon-valley/technology/288643-cyberattacks-sound-alarms-dc-scrambles) President Obama planned to address cybersecurity … the government and private sector can work together to thwart them. Plan popular
--- trumps ideology.
Barry Russell 12 is President of the Independent Petroleum Association of America, “Energy Must Transcend Politics”, 8-15-12, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php#2238176, Accessed date: 12-10-12 y2k There have been glimpses of great leadership, examples when legislators …. Lisa Murkowski (AK), John Hoeven (ND), and Jim Inhofe (OK). Senator Manchin (WV) is another Democratic leader who consistently votes to promote responsible energy development. ---- key to bipartisan bargain
Coral Davenport 12 is Energy and Environment Correspondent for National Journal. “How Obama and Congress Could Find Common Ground on Energy,” December 6, 2012, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/how-obama-and-congress-could-find-common-ground-on-energy-20121206, Accessed date: 12-30-12 y2k Meanwhile, the partisan impasse may be about to end. … And as Washington grapples with the deficit, many in the capital are more open to the carbon tax as a way to raise revenue. --- olive branch
Russell McLendon, mother nature network, 5/27/10, “Offshore drilling: Low bills vs. big spills”, http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/translating-uncle-sam/stories/offshore-drilling-low-bills-vs-big-spills, mnrs
That pressure reached a critical mass in March, when President Obama announced …on April 20, and two days later — the 40th anniversary of Earth Day — the rig sank to the sea floor, starting what is now being called the worst oil spill in American history. Winners win – Obama needs to crush GOP to spur momentum – political capital wont work
Matt Vespa (writer for NewsBusters) March 22, 2013 “CBS Political Director Says Obama Shouldn't Agitate GOP, But Said To 'Go For The Throat' Last January” http://newsbusters.org/blogs/matt-vespa/2013/03/22/180-turn-cbs-political-director-says-obama-shouldnt-agitate-gop-said-go-
What's odd is that Dickerson wrote a piece on January 18, which said that … others in the media do as well. The question is when will the media start to note openly that the emperor has no clothes. 2AC Immigration
Not top of the docket, won’t pass, and Obama’s not spending the PC
Hennessey 3-25-13 (Kathleen Hennessey, Obama tries to push stalled immigration talks forward, http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-obama-stalled-immigration-talks-20130325,0,7503326.story)
In January, Obama threatened to send his own bill to Congress if the group did not … to citizenship for illegal immigrants, the key requirement for any bill.
No issue spillover
Judson Berger, 3/4/13, Recurring budget crises could put squeeze on Obama's second-term priorities, www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/04/recurring-budget-crises-could-put-squeeze-on-obama-second-term-priorities/
¶ Rep. Luis Gutierrez, D-Ill., a vocal advocate for immigration reform, voiced confidence … Sens. John McCain, R-Ariz., and Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., who both are part of a bipartisan group crafting legislation. XO solves
Keegan Hamilton (writer for the Atlantic) 3/26, 2013 “How Obama Could (but Probably Won't) Stop Deporting Illegal Immigrants Today” http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/03/how-obama-could-but-probably-wont-stop-deporting-illegal-immigrants-today/274352/
If the current congressional push for immigration reform … who rejoined the union and took an oath of loyalty.
Border security kills
Fawn Johnson, 3/21/13, Border Triggers Could Sink Immigration Deal, www.nationaljournal.com/daily/border-triggers-could-sink-immigration-deal-20130321
Republicans' insistence that border-security benchmarks … half of those in deportation proceedings have committed no other crimes.¶ PC not key
Amie Parnes and Justin Sink (writers for The Hill) 3/20, 2013 “Obama honeymoon may be over” http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/289179-obama-honeymoon-may-be-over
The White House disputes any notion that Obama has lost any … officials believe they still have the leverage. Econ thumps
Xinhua News March 26, 2013 “Obama pushes Congress to put forward immigration bill next month” http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2013-03/26/c_124501794.htm
About 63 percent of Americans agree that the immigration …ranked sixth, far behind economic issues.
Floating city solves worker crisis – immigration regulations
McKendrick, 2011 (Joe is a contributing editior and is an independent analyst who tracks the impact of information technology on management and markets. He is the author of the SOA Manifesto and has written for Forbes, ZDNet and Database Trends and Applications. He holds a degree from Temple University. smart planet, CBS Interactive has unveiled a new website dedicated to people who realize the need to make our world a better place to live, for all of us, and for generations to come. “Tech Skills shortage solution, set up workplace in international waters” http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/business-brains/tech-skills-shortage-solution-set-up-workplace-in-international-waters/20333?tag=content;siu-container)
The Silicon Valley tech scene is again one of the … or short-term business visas — which are easier to obtain the work visas — to take regular jaunts to the mainland. 2AC States CP Perm do both – shields the link, federal government giving into states to avoid lawsuit No solvency – USFG alone controls OCS
US Chamber of Commerce, no date (Institute for 21st Century Energy, Chamber of Commerce, no date given (website registered 2011), “Immediately Expand Domestic Oil and Gas Exploration and Production,” http://www.energyxxi.org/immediately-expand-domestic-oil-and-gas-exploration-and-production)//CC
States have authority over oil and natural gas production … in offshore federal land is regulated under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. 50-state fiat is a voter—
There’s no opportunity cost between federal and state action—kills rational decision-making which is a portable skill beyond debate. There’s no literature base for uniform fiat—allowing distortions of the literature that make it impossible for the aff to predict and research counterplans—kills adequate argument comparison. Counter-interp—they have to have a normative solvency advocate for the CP Onshore production is barely any gas—also, the OCS is necessarily more than 3 miles off the coast, beyond state jurisdiction
Cover, 8/13 (Matt Cover, CNS News, 13 August 2012, “Lifting Drilling Restrictions Could Increase US Reserves by 30 Percent, Study Finds,” http://cnsnews.com/news/article/lifting-drilling-restrictions-could-increase-us-reserves-30-percent-study-finds)//CC
The oil and gas reserves that are closed to production are … will actually be recovered from this region over the next decade. Status quo kills states solvency
Matt Willie (JD Candidate, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University) November 2011 “Hydraulic Fracturing and “Spotty” Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling” http://lawreview.byu.edu/articles/1346430940_09.willie.fin.pdf
B. Federal v. State: Why “Spotty” Regulation is Better Regulation The push for more federal control of hydraulic fracturing seems at least partly … must be aware of the location, form, and accessibility of their hydrocarbon reserves in order to effectively regulate. Perm do both – shields the link to politics
Overby 3 – A. Brooke, Professor of Law, Tulane University School of Law, “Our New Commercial Law Federalism.” Temple University of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education Temple Law Review, Summer, 2003 76 Temp. L. Rev. 297 Lexis
We held in New York that Congress cannot compel the States to …impermissible mandatory implementation does not erase these concerns with accountability, it does ameliorate them slightly.
State funding relies on bonds – perceived as unreliable
Stevens 11 (Paul, PRESIDENT AND CEO OF INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE, “OVERSIGHT OF THE MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY: ENSURING MARKET STABILITY
AND INVESTOR CONFIDENCE”, June 24, BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CAPITAL … of municipal securities but these too are limited and voluntary. 153
New spending wrecks the California economy
Krol 12 Robert, Professor of economics at California State University Northridge and author of a forthcoming Cato Journal paper on state budget institutions, 2012, “California Needs a Spending Limit”, http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/california-needs-spending-limit
California's budget is once again in the red. The governor signed a balanced … his legacy. With a new fiscal mess brewing, it's time for him to try again.
California is key to the US economy
Williams 9 Juliet, writer for the Huffington Post, June 29, 2009, “California's Ailing Economy Could Prolong US Recession”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/29/californias-ailing-econom_n_222616.html
SACRAMENTO, Calif. — California faces a $24 billion budget shortfall, an eye-popping … fear of even more job losses.
States can’t fund new energy programs---budget constraints that result in tradeoffs
Berlin et al 12 Ken, senior vice president for policy and planning and general counsel at the Coalition for Green Capital, Reed Hundt is the CEO of the Coalition for Green Capital, Mark Muro is a senior fellow and the director of policy for the Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings and Devashree Saha is a senior policy analyst and associate fellow at the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program, "State Clean Energy Finance Banks: New Investment Facilities for Clean Energy Deployment", September, www.brookings.edu//media/research/files/papers/2012/9/12%20state%20energy%20investment%20muro/12%20state%20energy%20investment%20muro
State budget constraints are also severe. At the same time, …grants, bonds, or subsidy programs.
State budget cuts destroys bioterror response
Ahlers 11 Mike M, senior producer, transportation and regulation, for CNN, “Bioterror security at risk”, December 20, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/20/bioterror-security-at-risk/
Recent and proposed budget cuts at all levels of ... a large-scale bioterror attack or deadly disease outbreak.
Bioweapons cause extinction
Ochs 2 | Past president of the Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition, Member of the Depleted Uranium Task force of the Military Toxics Project, and M of the Chemical Weapons Working Group Richard Ochs, June 9, 2002, “Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished Immediately,” http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html
Of all the weapons of mass destruction, the genetically engineered … easier use of US bioweapons? How slippery is this slope?
Federal support for SPS is key to revitalize the aerospace sector
Mankins, President of SPA and Former NASA Scientist, 9 (John, Preeminent Global Expert on SSP, SPA = Space Power Association, President of ARTEMIS Innovation Management Solutions, Worked @ NASA for 25 Years, “To boldly go: the urgent need for a revitalized investment in space technology,” 5-18, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1377/1)
Unfortunately, the US investment in advanced research and … of advancing space technology and developing truly new and valuable space capabilities for the public, the nation, and the world.
Aerospace solves cyberterrorism
Deloitte 12 | (Deloitte is a consulting and financial advisory service, Report Commissioned by the Aerospace Industries Association, " The Aerospace and Defense Industry in the U.S. A financial and economic impact study," March, http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/deloitte_study_2012.pdf)
The world continues to demonstrate how dangerous it is and how … technologies to address these and future threats.
Great power nuclear war
Fritz 9 | Researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament Jason, researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July, http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf
This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear … for compromising command and control centres directly. 2AC Exports CP Perm do both Perm do CP – it’s a restriction on production CP makes prices spike to $14
Levi, ’12 David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and Director of the CFR program on energy security and climate change (Michael Levi, The Hamilton Project, June 2012, “A Strategy for US Natural Gas Exports,” http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf)//CC
The first way that prices could converge is through U.S. … existence depends on the particular export policy that is adopted. No LNG exports – we’d export the tech to produce instead of the energy
Clifford Krauss (writer for the New York Times) January 4, 2013 “Exports of American Natural Gas May Fall Short of High Hopes” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/business/energy-environment/exports-of-us-gas-may-fall-short-of-high-hopes.html?pagewanted=all
Now, the same companies that had such high hopes for … purchase agreements — 20 years or more — are reached with foreign buyers. timeframe – 2015
Levi, ’12 David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and Director of the CFR program on energy security and climate change (Michael Levi, The Hamilton Project, June 2012, “A Strategy for US Natural Gas Exports,” http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf)//CC
However, no major LNG importer other than South Korea … (Guegel 2010). Exports from the first facilities would start no earlier than 2015 It increases gas prices and exporters won’t be able to recover costs
Krauss, 1/4/13 – Clifford, “Exports of American Natural Gas May Fall Short of High Hopes” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/business/energy-environment/exports-of-us-gas-may-fall-short-of-high-hopes.html?pagewanted=all) If the American terminals could be built tomorrow, they would have a perfect market opportunity. … Tomnay, head of global gas research at the consultancy Wood Mackenzie. “Even without L.N.G. exports, the price of gas will go up.” Wyden’s opposition will swing the Congress against the CP – he’ll ensure there’s a debate
Tracy, 12/25/12 (Tennille, “Lawmaker Gets a Say on Gas Exports” Wall Street Journal,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324677204578187574260709426.html) New discoveries of natural gas are beginning to transform the U.S. economy, and energy companies say exporting it is the next … a sweet spot where you can allow exports to keep wells in production without letting exports drive prices so high that they hurt the American manufacturers?" he said. No exports – we’d get undercut in more local markets
Andrew Holland (writer for the Christian Science Monitor) December 28, 2012 “LNG exports still iffy, even if they win approval” http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2012/1228/LNG-exports-still-iffy-even-if-they-win-approval
Once everything in Washington settles down in the new year, the Department of … Qatar and Norway) would undercut American exporters. Exports won’t happen – price undercuts
Levi, ’12 David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and Director of the CFR program on energy security and climate change (Michael Levi, The Hamilton Project, June 2012, “A Strategy for US Natural Gas Exports,” http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf)//CC
It is far from clear that all or even most of this …6; the qualitative conclusions do not change, though the specific costs and benefits of allowing LNG exports do. To provide some context, Figure 2 shows natural gas consumption and LNG trade by region. 2AC K Set a high threshold – unless they can explain minute interaction of their theories with our aff, reject their impact claims The judge weighs the material effects of the plan against the k – key to 1AC offense and intellectual progress Death outweighs
Paterson, 03 - Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, “A Life Not Worth
Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com)
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that is really the … not seek to irrationally destroy the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility. Predictions best – solves paralysis and reactionism
Ulfelder, 11 Jay Ulfelder is Research Director for the Political Instability Task Force, Science Applications International Corporation "Why Political Instability Forecasts Are Less Precise Than We’d Like (and Why It’s Still Worth Doing)" May 5 dartthrowingchimp.wordpress.com/2011/05/05/why-political-instability-forecasts-are-less-precise-than-wed-like-and-why-its-still-worth-doing/
If this is the best we can do, then what’s the point? Well, consider the alternatives. For starters, we might … prevention or preparation stand a decent chance of making a (positive) difference. No root cause
Moore, 04 John Norton, Professor of Law at the University of Virginia He formerly served as the first Chairman of the Board of the United States Institute of Peace and as the Counselor on International Law to the Department of State, Winter, “Beyond the Democratic Peace: Solving the War Puzzle”, 44 Va. J. Int'l L. 341, Lexis Law
If major interstate war is predominantly a product of a synergy between a potential nondemocratic aggressor and an absence of effective …. may doom us to war for generations to come. Violence has declined because of every global force consistent with the aff – proves no terminal impact uniqueness – prefer our ev which is based on multidisciplinary research and empirical data
Pinker, 11 Steven, professor of psychology at Harvard University, The Better Angels of our Nature Why Violence Has Declined, ISBN: 067002295
This book is about what may be the most important thing that has ever happened in human history. Believe it or not—and I know that most …. me that there was an underappreciated story waiting to be told. Threat construction is good – it allows us to anticipate and prevent danger
Berke 98 - Joseph Berke, Found. And Dir. Arbours Crisis Centre, 1998, Even Paranoids Have Enemies, p. 5-6
Internal and external persecution come together in the theoretical model of ‘the paranoid process’ – a set of developmental and defensive mechanisms which serve to delineate the individual’s inner psychic world and his experience of his emerging self, while, at the same time, contributing to the shaping of his sense of significant objects in his experiential world (Meissner 1986). …. is the possibility of preparation for the group to face them and cope with them. Self-fulfilling prophecy is backwards – failure to express our fears causes them to occur
Macy 95- Joanna Macy, General Systems Scholar and Deep Ecologist, 1995, Ecopsychology There is also the superstition that negative … person who gives warning of a likely ecological holocaust is often made to feel guilty of contributing to that very fate.
2AC EST Volatility wrecks the fertilizer industry
IECA, ‘3 nonprofit organization created to promote the interests of manufacturing companies for which the availability, use and cost of energy, power or feedstock play a significant role in their ability to compete (Industrial Energy Consumers of America, 22 July 2003, “IMPACT OF THE U.S. NATURAL GAS CRISIS ON THE NORTH AMERICAN NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY,” http://www.ieca-us.com/wp-content/uploads/072203Fertilizerbriefing.pdf)//CC
Natural gas is the principal and only economically feasible … is consumed within a very short time frame in the fall and spring application seasons. Solves food crises
Fertilizer Institute, ‘9 trade group representing the fertilizer industry (The Fertilizer Institute, 2 April 2009, “The US Fertilizer Industry and Climate Change Policy,” http://www.kochfertilizer.com/pdf/TFI2009ClimateChange.pdf)//CC
Fertilizer nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – are all naturally occurring elements that …harvest away from a full-scale food crisis There is no threat and at worst it will only mean cooperation
Burger et al. 10 – Kees Burger Development Economics, Corresponding author, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg, Jeroen Warner AND Eefje Derix Disaster Studies, Wageningen Universit “Governance of the world food system and crisis prevention” http://www.stuurgroepta.nl/rapporten/Foodshock-web.pdf Both European water and agricultural policies are based on the belief that there ... (Rhinard et al. 2008: 512, Boin et al. 2008: 406). |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge:
EST Won’t pass – plan is the status quo, ANWR, and new taxes prove ux overwhelms
Politico 3-20-13
Andrew Restuccia, Energy Security Trust faces big sticking point, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/03/offshore-drilling-energy-plan-faces-roadblock-89098.html
President Barack Obama will face an uphill climb in Congress … shelf plan and nothing else,” Zichal told reporters. Explicitly conditioning new production is vital to secure EST support
Jenkins, 3/19/13 - graduate student and researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he is a candidate for a Masters of Science in Technology and Policy; worked previously as the Director of Energy and Climate Policy at the Breakthrough Institute and as a Policy and Research Associate at the Renewable Northwest Project (Jesse, “How Serious Are President Obama and Congressional Republicans About an Energy Security Trust Fund?”
http://theenergycollective.com/jessejenkins/200436/how-serious-are-president-obama-and-congressional-republicans-about-energy-secur President Obama unveiled his support for this concept in his 2013 State of …his cards for the negotiating table. But it's not clear. And, they’ll pocket it
Baker, 12 (Peter, New York Times, “Criticized as Weak in Past Talks, Obama Takes Harder Line” 12/2,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/us/politics/pushing-gop-to-negotiate-obama-ends-giving-in.html?pagewanted=all His approach is born of painful experience. In his first four years in office, Mr. … laid out his position, and Republicans have to come to the table.” Food Prices D Innovation solves
Chang 11 – Graduated Cornell Law School (Gordon G., Feb 21, “Global Food Wars” http://blogs.forbes.com/gordonchang/2011/02/21/global-food-wars/) In any event, food-price increases have apparently been factors in the unrest now sweeping North … in free societies—and the efficiency of free markets. No resource wars
Allouche, 11 - Research Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex (Jeremy,. "The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade" Food Policy, Volume 36, Supplement 1, January 2011, Science Direct)
Water/food resources, war and conflict The question of resource scarcity has led to … will lead to instability and violent conflict, the evidence base to substantiate the connections is thin (Barnett and Adger, 2007 and Kevane and Gray, 2008). Tech development solves
Thompson 5/13/11 – Dr. Robert L. Thompson is a senior fellow for The Chicago Council on Global Affairs and professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “Proving Malthus Wrong, Sustainable agriculture in 2050” http://scienceblogs.com/tomorrowstable/2011/05/proving_malthus_wrong_sustaina.php Tools available today, including plant breeding and biotechnology, can …of new technologies around the world. Empirically denied – human development solves
Wish 10 – writer for Allianz (study of demographics) (Vladish “Who’s Afraid of Thomas Malthus?” Global |01 October 2010by Valdis Wish http://knowledge.allianz.com/?224 None of the troubling predictions about overpopulation and … to the extent that India will soon be the world's most populous country. Resource wars won’t escalate to great power conflict
Dombrowski 4 – associate professor, US Naval War College's Strategic Research Department (Peter, Naval War College Review, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JIW/is_1_57/ai_113755359/print) Unfortunately, Klare barely pauses to consider the possibility that … are also possible, although perhaps not for a resource as fundamental and elemental as water. K No prophecies
Jarvis, 76 (Robert, professor of political science at Columbia University, Perception and Misperception in International Politics, p. 84) Spiral and deterrence theories thus contradict each other at … position but also because they thought the United States would allow them to attain parity. Our predictions are good
Ulfelder, 11 Jay Ulfelder is Research Director for the Political Instability Task Force, Science Applications International Corporation "Why Political Instability Forecasts Are Less Precise Than We’d Like (and Why It’s Still Worth Doing)" May 5 dartthrowingchimp.wordpress.com/2011/05/05/why-political-instability-forecasts-are-less-precise-than-wed-like-and-why-its-still-worth-doing/
If this is the best we can do, then what’s the point? Well, consider the alternatives. For starters, we might decide …or preparation stand a decent chance of making a (positive) difference. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Confronted with the rampancy of fossil fuel culture there is only one possible realization—the world is consuming itself whole. It is fallacious, however, to suggest that this autoimmune condition can go on forever. Fossil fuels will run out. And then a transition will be necessary to avert the apocalypse.Scheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
Why, when and how? If the transition from nuclear and fossil to renewable
AND
of the established power supply system compel us to urgent and decisive action. Only a full transition to renewable energy can halt the coming crisis—the question remaining is one of autonomy—don’t be bought off by power companies seeking to reassert the energy industryScheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
Renewable energy has two economic characteristics: it comes free of charge and is available
AND
power generated by renewable energy would have flowed into the German supply network. Scheer 7 – Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE
(Hermann, Energy Autonomy: The economic, social, and technological case for renewable energy pg 32-35, dml) The keynote of the signal to liberate us from our dependence on fossil energy was
AND
Institute, also wrote this in his 1922 book Chemistry in Modern Life:
Concern about raw materials is already casting a dark shadow over mankind. Concerns likes those about petroleum are also warranted owing to the future of almost all raw materials. Every industrialist seeks to push his production as high as possible in order to achieve the largest conceivable profit, and he gives no thought whatsoever to how things will be after fifty years or half a century. The statesman, however, needs to apply a different standard.
Arrhenius was already warning about brutal international conflicts over energy:
States lacking ~in raw materials~ cast covetous glances at their neighbours, of whom it is said that they have more than they need. And the result is that profit-seeking will be increasingly lured into those countries whose interests are not guarded by judicious men. Future historians will bring to light how much craving raw materials for the future is to blame for ~our~ great misfortune.
Fossil raw materials should therefore not be abandoned to ’national egoism’ and ’industrial profit-seeking’. Mankind needs to arrive at the insight that it must ’replace ~those raw materials~ with the manpower that the sun pours out over us in inexhaustible amounts’, whether directly or ’indirectly via the amounts of energy originating from the sun, amassed in streams of water and greening plant life’.3
Natural scientists – for whom it was more than self-evident at the beginning
AND
techniques repeatedly provided new excuses for brashly repressing awareness of the mounting dangers.
Falling back on the sun was felt to be a relapse back to a time
AND
even of nuclear weapons, which were assigned the role of deterring wars.
In this way the basic pattern was woven for worldwide energy conflict in the second
AND
until nuclear energy became discredited by the fateful warning of Chernobyl in 1986. Scheer 7 – Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE
(Hermann, Energy Autonomy: The economic, social, and technological case for renewable energy pg 215-217, dml) Democratic industrial societies – with their scientific elites, high level of technology and broad
AND
when, in addition, the obvious and compelling conclusions have been drawn. The energy industry will not go peacefully—agents of the market work to reify inequalities to perpetuate their own necessity. Using the ballot to endorse local solar works to reestablish links in the economy and equality at largeScheer 2 (Hermann, Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy, PhD in Economy, Social Science, Public Law at Free University Berlin and recipient of the alternative Nobel Prize. "The Solar Economy: Renewable Energy for a Sustainable Global Future." Earthscan Publications. 2002. Pgs. 31-34)
The most sensitive question humanity faces is whether the global economy produces enough to go
AND
the market’ alone can be achieved with the visible hand of the sun. The affirmative is the only way out—Fossil fuel culture necessitates a constant state of emergency, recreating fascism and nihilistic inaction. The end result is war and the theft of identity from individualsTubbs, ’5 Route Manager for BA (Hons) Education Studies (Modern Liberal Arts) Programme Leader for Modern Liberal Arts Professor of Philosophical and Educational Thought at University of Winchester (Nigel Tubbs, parallax, 2005, vol. 11, no. 4, 104-115)CC
Never is the aesthetic of destruction sufficiently related to an object for it to become
AND
fascism and the fascism of representation, and as the fate of philosophy. Scheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
From the passive to the active energy society In contrast, what we all want
AND
number of "best practice" examples develop into a widespread social movement. The United States federal government should substantially increase incentives for the autonomous energy production of wind and solar power.Will, ’98 ESQ, CPA, MBA (Jon Will, 1998, "THE ULTIMATE PHILOSOPHY - BOOK II," http://users.erols.com/jonwill/utopiabook2.htm)//CC
History has shown that anytime humanity wants to learn how to do something,
AND
such a universal system providing fast and easy access to Humanity’s accumulated knowledge. Scheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
In his book, Plan B, Lester Brown, founder of the Worldwatch Institute
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renew-able energy, and taking the quickest route to get there. Scheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
Real realism
It is true that every economic or political initiative to promote renewable energy drives development
AND
. It is not renewable energy that we lack, it is time. Scheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
In order to accelerate the transition to renewable energy, this transition must be made
AND
should be responsible. These questions will be dealt with in Chapter 6. Scheer 7 – Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE
(Hermann, Energy Autonomy: The economic, social, and technological case for renewable energy pg 204-206, dml) Ecological thinking needs to be holistic so that its impact can be understood in context
AND
imperatives of thinking and acting to heeding what they tell us to do.
’Any new interpretation of nature’, according to the physicist, philosopher and historian of science Thomas S. Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions:25
emerges first in the mind of one or a few individuals. It is they
AND
mode of practising normal science, until only a few elderly holdouts remain.
So far, however, the scientific revolution leading to a holistic ecological approach has
AND
equally obstructive are the economic interests and dependence relations of scientific training institutes.
Even environmental policy, although it is a classic case of a problem that cries
AND
renewable energy soup, they shake their heads until a hair falls in. Abandon the typical paradigm of ’realistic vs unrealistic’—set the goalposts at the optimum—only maintaining the status quo is unrealisticScheer 7 – Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE
(Hermann, Energy Autonomy: The economic, social, and technological case for renewable energy pg 296-297, dml) Many will doubt that the renewability of politics described here is realistic. There are
AND - control over the conditions that produce energy crises in the first place.
McGee and Romanelli 97 – Assistant Professor in Communication Studies at Texas Tech AND Director of Debate at Loyola University of Chicago
(Brian and David, "Policy Debate as Fiction: In Defense of Utopian Fiat", Contemporary Argumentation and Debate 18 (1997) 23-35, dml)
Snider argued several years ago that a suitable paradigm should address "something we can ACTUALLY DO" as opposed to something we can MAKE BELIEVE ABOUT" ("Fantasy as Reality" 14). A utopian literature metaphor is beneficial precisely because it is within the power of debaters to perform the desired action suggested by the metaphor, if not always to demonstrate that the desired action is politically feasible.
Instead of debaters playing to an audience of those who make public policy, debaters
AND
devotees of Beavis and Butthead, social criticism is what good citizens do.
Debate differs from other species of social criticism because debate is a game played by
AND
a variety of social criticism gives debate an added dimension of public relevance.
One way to understand the distinction between debate as policy-making and debate as
AND
the United States without comprehending the confluence of the formal and public agenda.
In intercollegiate debate, the policy-making metaphor has given primacy to formal agenda
AND
Dempsey on the "real-world" limitations for making policy indicates.
Debate as social criticism does not entail exclusion of formal agenda concerns from intercollegiate debate
AND
they are working in their own modest way to shape the public agenda.
While "social criticism" is the best explanation for what debaters do, this
AND
, the distinction makes no difference in the utopian practice of intercollegiate debate.
More importantly, intercollegiate debate is utopian in another sense. Policy change is considered
AND
be able to travel intelligently at all" (Mumford 24-25).
An objection to this guiding metaphor is that it encourages debaters to do precisely that
AND
by pointing to the potential dystopic consequences of accepting such proposals for change. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: good intentions are a prerequisite to action, this means the aff is a prior question and the permutation do both solvesScheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
Cliched declarations of commitment to renewable energy reveal little about the significance this commitment is
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empower one to act; rather they are simply a prerequisite to action. The K’s blanket rejection causes paralysis – combine it with the affirmation of the aff
Scheer 7 – Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE
(Hermann, Energy Autonomy: The economic, social, and technological case for renewable energy pg 196, dml)
A movement is initially a ’negative coalition’. Its ’unity ’ arises from
AND
very general goals or because it restricts itself to the smallest common denominator. We’re an ordoliberal approach – that’s the opposite of neoliberalism, puts highest value on protecting public welfare, and creates a SOCIAL ECONOMY; renewables are the key internal link, and socializing the industry failsScheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
A definition of energetic/ethical ordoliberalism Making the primacy of renewable energy a political
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activates innumerable social initiatives for investment into renewable energy and encourages joint responsibility. Foster 11 – professor of sociology at the University of Oregon (John Bellamy, "Capitalism and Environmental Catastrophe", http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2011/foster291011.html-http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2011/foster291011.html, dml)
The other approach is to demand changes in society itself; to move away from
AND
and social planning. It therefore coincides with the classical objectives of socialism.
Such a shift would make possible the reduction in carbon emissions we need. After
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the lives of the bottom 99 percent, while degrading the environment.8
What we need therefore is to change our economic culture. We need an ecological
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of ecological and social revolution — in defense of humanity and the planet. Schwartzman 8 – Professor of Biology at Howard University (David, "Ecosocialism or Ecocatastrophe", http://dccofc.org/Documents/David/Ecosocialism/Ecosocialism%20or%20Ecocatast.pdf-http://dccofc.org/Documents/David/Ecosocialism/Ecosocialism or Ecocatast.pdf, dml)
Solar utopia is that "other world possible" when every child born on Earth has the right to a full life of creative fulfillment, to an environment free of hatred and pollution, and to a world with our planet’s full complement of biodiversity intact, or at least what is left of it when the present global regime prioritizing capital reproduction over human and nature’s needs is ended.
This optimistic, yes, frankly utopian vision of a global civilization will likely be
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globalized capitalism, as global class struggle unfolds to achieve its full reality. Scheer, ’12 Member of the German Parliament, President of the European Association for Renewable Energy EUROSOLAR, Chairman of the World Council for Renewable Energy WCRE (Hermann Scheer, Earthscan, 2012, "The energy imperative: 100 percent renewable now," kindle reader so no page numbers)CC
Neo-liberal market correctness Since the 1970s, there has been no lack of
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even when renew-able energy is, or will be, cheaper. Their revolution will be crushed by the boot of the government – violent overthrow fails and causes nuclear wars; prefer evolutionary over revolutionary strategiesPritchard and Taylor, 78 (Colin, Director of Social Work Studies, University of Bath, Richard K. S., the Department of Adult and Continuing Education, Social Work: Reform or Revolution, pg. 105-106)
In our context the crucial questions for the Marxist social worker must be, first
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’revolutionary’ perspec-tives for social change is highly relevant to social work Psychoanalysis can’t be scaled up to explain society or politics – they can’t explain our impacts and definitely can’t solveSharpe 10 – lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies, and Goucher, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University
Matthew and Geoff, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 182-185
Can we bring some order to this host of criticisms? It is remarkable that
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can the theorist and his allies use to move them to do so? |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 1ac manufacturing Demand increases make a natural gas price shock inevitable – corresponding supply keyMoors, 12/14/12 ~Dr. Kent, Dr. Kent
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deputy director of the Iraq Reconstruction Management Office (IRMO) in Baghdad,
http://moneymorning.com/2012/12/14/2013-natural-gas-forecast-six-bullish-reasons-why-now-is-the-time-to-buy/\~ A rise on the supply side would generally reduce prices, especially if the number
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added demand will eliminate three times the current total gas in storage nationwide. The impact is economic collapse—natural gas maintains growthCarey, 12/13/12 ~Julie M, Julie M. Carey is an energy economist with Navigant Economics who provides consulting and testifying services Navigant’s unconventional oil and gas offerings include advisory services for strategic business decision analysis, construction risk management, economic and antitrust analyses, investment banking and restructuring advisory services, and expert services for disputes and investigations, "How Unconventional Oil And Gas Is Supercharging The U.S. Economy", http://www.forbes.com/sites/energysource/2012/12/13/how-unconventional-oil-and-gas-is-transforming-the-u-s-economy/~~ It’s an exciting time to be in the energy industry in America. The impact
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infrastructure build out and related opportunities (including both direct and indirect jobs). Pisano and Shih, 12 ~September, Producing Prosperity: Why America Needs a Manufacturing Renaissance ~Kindle Edition~, Harry E. Figgie Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. He has been on the Harvard faculty for 23 years, Professor of Management Practice. He joined the Technology and Operations Management Unit in January 2007, p. amazon kindle~ The rough and tumble of international competition means we should expect industries to come and
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the dominant source of the lithium ion battery cells used in electric vehicles. Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214 Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention. Prefer our studies—our authors use a testable empirical method
Weede, 04 – professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University. (Erich, "BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE," http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance%20of%20Power,%20Globalization%20and%20Capitalist%20Peace.pdf) If one does research or summarize the research of others – of course, most
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science, however, the nomothetic approach has advanced little beyond electoral studies.
My own approach is definitely nomothetic. This is related to my training in psychology at one of the first German universities focusing on quantitative research methods in the early 1960s, the University of Hamburg. This epistemological orientation has been reinforced by graduate training in international politics at one of the first American universities emphasizing quantitative research in the late 1960s, Northwestern University, which is located in a suburb of Chicago.
Nomothetic research focuses on hypothesizing, testing and establishing law-like general statements or
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inquiry, growth of knowledge is conceivable by the successive elimination of errors.
This epistemological approach borrowed from Popper were easily applicable, if most of our propositions
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might be defensible or, for the time being, taken for ’true’.
While a correlation between two variables, like prosperity and democracy, is equally compatible
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Then a previously supported causal proposition would have to be overturned and rejected.
The claim of causality implies more than observable association or correlation. It also implies
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hodgepodge of ambiguous hunches, contradictory thinking, and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence. 1AC warm Cam and I believe that the United States federal government should reduce restrictions on conventional offshore natural gas production in the United States. Reuters 9/12 (9/12/12, "Coal power to drive U.S. emissions higher next year: report," http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/12/us-usa-coal-emissions-idUSBRE88B1IM20120912-http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/12/us-usa-coal-emissions-idUSBRE88B1IM20120912, RBatra) U.S. fossil fuel emissions will rise 2.8 percent next year
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coal emissions will increase by 8.5 percent, the report said. Adams 8/30—Rod Adams (Publisher at The Energy Collective, former nuclear submarine engineer) August 30, 2012 "Will natural gas prices in North America skyrocket by the end of 2014?" http://theenergycollective.com/rodadams/107901/look-out-natural-gas-prices-north-america-will-skyrocket-end-2014-http://theenergycollective.com/rodadams/107901/look-out-natural-gas-prices-north-america-will-skyrocket-end-2014 My friends and family recognize that I am an odd bird. I often wake
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plant building anyplace outside of Germany, the home of brown coal fans. CO2 emissions will run away in the status quo—natural gas is the only effective alternative to coal—U.S. development is modeled globally and prevents feedbacksRiley 12—BA, LL.M., PhD, professor of energy law at The City Law School at City University London (Alan, 8/13/12, "Shale Gas to the Climate Rescue," http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/opinion/shale-gas-to-the-climate-rescue.html, RBatra) The battle against runaway climate change is being lost. The green movement and the energy industry — while engaged in a furious debate on issues from nuclear power to oil sands — are missing the bigger picture.
There is little recognition by either side that current policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions are inadequate for dealing with the threat that they pose. It is the coal-fueled growth of countries like China and India that generates much of these emissions. Unless a cheap, rapidly deployable substitute fuel is found for coal, then it will be next to impossible to safely rein in rising carbon dioxide levels around the world.
Although the green movement might at first see shale gas as an enemy in this fight, it may in fact turn out to be a friend. Broad development of shale gas resources — with proper ecological safeguards — could be the best way to achieve the quick cuts in carbon dioxide emissions that we need to maintain a habitable environment on Earth.
The International Energy Agency has made it clear that, under current energy policies,
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, it appears the temperature-increase target will most likely be missed.
The shale gas revolution could be the means of blunting the rise of carbon dioxide emissions and give new hope for staying within the 2 degrees Celsius scenario. This resource is widely dispersed across the planet, cheap to develop and offers many of the same energy benefits as coal. If exploited properly, it could replace coal within a couple of decades as a primary fuel.
By developing shale gas as a replacement fuel for coal we retrieve the prospect of blunting — and possibly reversing — the upward climb of carbon dioxide emissions. Shale gas emits 50 percent less carbon dioxide than coal, and so if countries like China and India made the switch on a large scale, then we have a chance to reset the trajectory of global carbon dioxide emissions.
A widespread turn to the use of shale gas would give the planet precious time to develop other, renewable solutions to further lower our output of carbon dioxide. Current renewable energy sources cannot in any way deliver the same savings in carbon emissions that we can achieve by replacing coal with shale gas.
One only has to look to China to see the strong potential of this solution
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reason to think it cannot pump out 800 billion cubic meters by 2030?
Such a development program would be similar in scale to that undertaken in the United States, which has seen shale gas rise from 1 percent of gas production in 2001 to 37 percent last year.
China can surely achieve these goals, especially given all the new technology available to
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expansion plans and ultimately end its reliance on coal-fired energy altogether.
The United States could play a key role in encouraging China and other developing nations
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of radical cuts in carbon dioxide emissions over the short and medium term. Bosselman 07 (Fred Bosselman (Professor of Law Emeritus, Chicago-Kent College of Law) 2007 "The new power generation: environmental law and electricity innovation: colloquium article: the ecological advantages of nuclear power", New York University Environmental Law Journal, lexis) Virtually all of the coal mined in the United States is used as boiler fuel
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travel long distances and create acid rain that significantly harms plants and animals. The coal industry is based on economic exploitation that destroys communities and perpetuates hierarchies—this is exemplified by corporate silencing of opposition in places like Appalachia and IndiaGhio 11 (Nicole, September 2011, Coal Country: From India to the Heart of Appalachia, Day Three, http://sierraclub.typepad.com/compass/2011/09/coal-india-appalachia.html-http://sierraclub.typepad.com/compass/2011/09/coal-india-appalachia.html**, RBatra) The most marginalized people are the easiest to exploit.
Coal never brings economic prosperity to local communities, whether they are in Appalachia or
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another industry, such as tourism, is blown away with the mountains.
Coal keeps communities poor, and anyone who attempts to fight the companies is seen as fighting the state.
This is something Vaishali is very familiar with. When Konkan fishermen and rural farmers whose livelihoods are at risk from massive coal development protest the companies that are exploiting them, the state cracks down. In places like Andhra Pradesh, violence reminiscent of West Virginia’s coal wars is breaking out.
Just as in West Virginia, the coal companies in Konkan are destroying all other
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over by power companies in need of imported coal to feed their plants.
Amulya is seeing the same thing happen on the other side of India in Orissa
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the toxic pollutants through leaky pipes into faulty impoundments, further poisoning communities.
As in West Virginia, the Orissa’s coal companies exploit the situation with poor labor practices. The rural farmers who lost their livelihoods can’t even get a job in the coal mines or at the plants because they employ contract laborers with little job security that are unlikely to unionize. And, the placement of coal plants is highly racialized—people of color are subject to extremely high rates of pollutionRoberts 12 (David, 3/30/12, Black people get asthma so everybody else can get cheap power, http://grist.org/coal/black-people-get-asthma-so-everybody-else-can-get-cheap-power/-http://grist.org/coal/black-people-get-asthma-so-everybody-else-can-get-cheap-power/**, RBatra) Dominique Browning gets right to the point in "The Racial Politics of Asthma." I’m tempted to excerpt the whole thing, but this is the important bit: - In 2008, African Americans had a 35 percent higher ~PDF~ rate of asthma than Caucasians. A study revealed that one-quarter of the children in New York City’s Harlem have asthma. The following national statistics are even more jarring:
African American children have a:
• 260% higher emergency room visit rate.
• 250% higher hospitalization rate.
• 500% higher death rate from asthma, as compared with white children.
Why? One likely reason is that 68% of African-Americans (compared to 56% of whites) live within ~PDF~ 30 miles of a coal-fired power plant—the distance within which the maximum ill effects of the emissions from smokestacks occur.
It has long been the case that victims of air pollution are disproportionately poor urban minorities, especially children. A study last year out of Duke confirmed that "non-Hispanic blacks are consistently overrepresented in communities with the poorest air quality." For the most part, this is just another way of saying that blacks are overrepresented in communities with high levels of poverty. That’s where the coal plants get put.
And make no mistake: the pollution is where the coal plants are.
The Eastern U.S. has come to an arrangement: poor communities and communities of color will get more asthma; the rest of the Eastern seaboard and Midwest will get cheap electricity.
Of course nobody likes to think of it that way. At one Senate hearing on the EPA budget, Browning notes, Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-Ala.) called air pollution victims "unidentified and imaginary." If we don’t think about them, they don’t exist%21
Battles over EPA air-quality rules are usually discussed in terms of economics, but we would be naive to think that the politics of race and class are not everywhere just beneath the surface.
And, natural gas acts as a bridge fuel—spurring broad renewable developmentJu 12 – Anne Ju (senior science writer for the Cornell Chronicle) July 17, 2012 "Study Proves Natural Gas Can Bridge the Gap to a Clean Energy Economy" http://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Study-Proves-Natural-Gas-Can-Bridge-the-Gap-to-a-Clean-Energy-Economy.html-http://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Study-Proves-Natural-Gas-Can-Bridge-the-Gap-to-a-Clean-Energy-Economy.html Natural gas is a good transition step on the road to greener energy sources like
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fuels is equally beneficial in percentage terms no matter how fast the transition." And, a serious discussion of natural gas is the only thing that can break the stranglehold of the coal industry on climate politicsSchrag 12—Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology at Harvard University, Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Director of the Harvard University Center for the Environment, Ph.D. in geology from UC Berkeley (Daniel P., Daedalus, 141.2, Spring 2012, Is Shale Gas Good for Climate Change?, Academic OneFile, RBatra) Is the natural gas boom good for climate change mitigation, independent of other environmental
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of truly low-carbon technologies, including renewable energy and carbon sequestration.
The real benefit of shale gas to a responsible climate change policy is a political
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carbon technologies as well as disrupt the political power of the coal industry.
Are greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas better than those from coal? The answer
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in a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of nearly a factor of three. And, warming causes worldwide famineWard 8 professor of geological sciences at University of Washington, 2008 ~Peter, Under a Green Sky: Global Warming, the Mass Extinctions of the Past, and What They Tell Us About Our Future, p. 189-190~ WHILE THE PROBLEMS FOR HUMANS LISTED ABOVE ARE SERIOUS ENOUGH, they are not the
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arid, will become increasingly dangerous as many become armed with nuclear weapons. Allowing greenhouse gas emissions is a moral choice—we must orient our ethics towards coexistence with nature and respect for future generations
Nety 11—writer at Triple Helix, a blog at Cornell University (Suchita, 29 January 2011, "Climate Change: An Ethical Perspective on Mitigating its Impact," http://triplehelixblog.com/2011/01/climate-change-an-ethical-perspective-on-mitigating-its-impact/-http://triplehelixblog.com/2011/01/climate-change-an-ethical-perspective-on-mitigating-its-impact/, RBatra) Climate change, the shifting temperature of the earth due to amplified levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) from fossil fuels and deforestation, is currently a topic of heated discussions worldwide. In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a United Nations organization, stated that "warming of the climate system is unequivocal" ~1~.
GHGs persist in the atmosphere for hundreds of years ~2~. Climate change is thus a very unique issue as its effects transcend time and space: GHGs emitted now in any location will affect the whole planet for many generations to come. Therefore, the generation that knowingly creates negative climate change should make every effort to reduce that impact; this represents a moral choice.
The Kyoto Protocol of 1998 was organized to develop limits that would stabilize levels of
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statement reflects the sentiment of a large majority of climate change policy opponents:
"The estimated costs ~of the proposal~ are staggering. So is the sweep of regulations that could severely affect nearly every major energy-using product from cars to lawnmowers, and a million or more businesses ~which will be forced to curb emissions~ and buildings of all types. And all of this sacrifice is in order to make, at best, a minuscule contribution to an overstated environmental threat" ~4~.
Two issues are brought up in this statement: first, that the proposed policy was considered on an economic level only, and second, that the consequences of the human role in climate change are overestimated. An ethical perspective renders both of these claims irrelevant.
Climate change has tremendous impact because it is the result of a vast network of
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patterns; and highly altered life cycles of species ~2, 6~.
The largest share of GHG emissions are those of developed nations: since 1850 the
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rely disproportionately on agricultural productivity – 40% of economic activity ~8~.
However, while the consequences that developing nations suffer are indeed harsh, data collected
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this figure results from the sheer magnitude of the species which go undiscovered.
Ironically, the most serious victims of climate change are also the ones who do
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Trying to fix an ethical problem with an economic solution is simply deficient.
On the other hand, the ethical obligations that society should take into consideration can
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forced to accept these obligations and deal with them in a just manner.
Throughout the history of the United States, society has benefited by enacting laws that
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needed. Thus, significant progress in climate change policy can be made.
Climate change is a universal issue, one that affects all life on the planet, and therefore settling the adverse effects is an ethical decision. As a country with strong relations with much of the world, the United States can take the lead in bringing nations together in a collaborative effort to fix the global problem with a global solution. And, the economically disadvantaged will be radically affected by global warmingWilkinson 09 (Marian, 7/6/09, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/poor-face-disaster-from-global-warming-20090705-d982.html-http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/poor-face-disaster-from-global-warming-20090705-d982.html**, RBatra) MOST of the gains made by the world’s poorest countries over the past half a century will be lost unless action is taken on climate change, Oxfam says.
A report by the international aid agency says up to 375 million people may be affected by climate-related disasters by 2015.
"Climate change is becoming quite rapidly the central issue to do with poverty today", Oxfam Australia’s chief, Andrew Hewett, told the Herald. "That also raises deep ethical dilemmas because the people least responsible for this crisis have the least resources to deal with it, and they are also those who are on the front line."
Oxfam is publishing the report, Suffering The Science-Climate Change, People And Poverty, today before this week’s meeting of world leaders at the Group of Eight summit in Italy, where climate change and food security will be high on the agenda.
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On the side of the G8 meeting there will also be a forum of leaders and ministers from the biggest polluting world economies, which the Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, and Climate Change Minister, Penny Wong, will attend.
A key issue at both meetings will be whether the US President, Barack Obama, publicly embraces the scientific goal of keeping the world’s temperature from rising above 2 degrees Celsius in order to avoid dangerous climate change.
Britain’s Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and European leaders have been urging the US to embrace the goal, and Reuters has reported that the 2-degree target has been included in the draft communique.
If Mr Obama supports the scientific goal he will raise expectations that the United Nations global climate talks in Copenhagen in December will be able to achieve an ambitious outcome. Including the 2-degree goal in the G8 communique also puts pressure on Japan, Canada and Russia to agree to tougher action to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
The Oxfam report stresses the importance of the scientific goal, arguing that even a 2-degree temperature rise will have serious consequences for people living in poverty.
With advancing climate change, several big cities dependent on the Himalayan and Andes glaciers will face crippling water shortages within decades, the report says. The two most important world food crops, rice and maize, will also be reduced even under mild climate change.
Hunger caused by climate change may be the defining human tragedy of this century, the report argues, and if global warming is allowed to proceed unchecked the true cost "will not be measured in dollars but in millions or billions of lives". Torgerson 8 (Douglas, Professor of Politics, Cultural Studies, and Environmental and Resource Studies at Trent University in Canada, Constituting Green Democracy: A Political Project, The Good Society: Volume 17, Number 2, 2008, MUSE) The administrative sphere is no monolith, but that complex of—partly conflicting and
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, especially with the debates that take place in the green public sphere. Wapner 8 (Paul Kevin, Associate Professor and Director of the Global Environmental Politics Program in the School of International Service at American University, "The Importance of Critical Environmental Studies in the New Environmentalism," Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 6-7) To many readers, such questions probably sound familiar. Efforts to rid the world
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to be an impotent discourse preaching radical ideas to an already initiated choir. The question of what the federal government should do is important – we cannot reduce decision making to utilitarian exercises – the process of deliberating about what might be possible makes the process more intelligent and creates the possibility for us to actively engage with external venues for actionHanghoj, 08 ~Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008 , PhD project, University of Aarhus, an assistant professor., http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf-http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf~~
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s pragmatism as a "theory of situated creativity"
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the contingent outcomes and domain-specific processes of problem-based scenarios. And, voting neg is a vote to keep laws that privilege coal on the books – refusing to participate in governmental action is worse for everyone — the way that revolutions and insurrections are successful is by having actions come after them.APA, 04 ~American Democracy in an Age of Rising Inequality, American Political Science Association, http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/taskforcereport.pdf-http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/taskforcereport.pdf~~
What government does not do is just as important as what it does.35
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other efforts have enhanced the quality of life for millions of regular Americans.
What is particularly relevant for understanding political inequality in America today is that many these
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lower- and middle-income students to pursue post-secondary schooling.
Similarly, Social Security, which provides protection against low income in retirement to employees who contribute to the system, has helped to foster an extraordinary level of participation by the elderly in the electoral process and civic life. Social Security has encouraged participation by low- and moderate-income seniors, which means that the elderly are less subject to the skew in favor of the affluent and better educated that generally characterizes political participation in the United States.37 —sim good Hanghoj 2008 – PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark (Thorkild, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf) Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s pragmatism as a "theory of situated creativity"
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the contingent outcomes and domain-specific processes of problem-based scenarios. And, this vision of debate isn’t exclusive with discussions of personal experience – our model of debate draws on distinct and intersecting claims that improves life regardless of goalsShulman, 09 ~president emeritus – Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Lee S, Education and a Civil Society: Teaching Evidence-Based Decision Making, p. ix-x~
These are the kinds of questions that call for the exercise of practical reason,
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, and heart all play a significant role in the lives of citizens. —at roleplaying bad Cuomo ’11 (Chris Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies, and an affiliate faculty
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," Hypatia 26 no4 Fall 2011 p. 690-714, AM) Due to the scale of change that is needed, individual and household reductions in
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toward better futures. Grand successes along those lines are needed very soon. Cuomo ’11 (Chris Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies, and an affiliate faculty
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," Hypatia 26 no4 Fall 2011 p. 690-714, AM) It is an important but rarely emphasized fact that reductions that average consumers can control
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just check out, or party like it’s the end of the world? —kt ej Kevin 97
Mr. Kevin is an environmental analyst at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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AND LOCALLY UNDESIRABLE LAND USES: A CRITIQUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE THEORIES AND REMEDIES Nondiscriminatory factors account for disparate results in the great majority of formal siting decisions.
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non-racial factors better explain the outcomes than intentional or societal racism. 2AC Quare Sapinoso 2009 (Joyleen Valero (JV), "FROM "QUARE" TO "KWEER": TOWARDS A QUEER ASIAN AMERICAN CRITIQUE" dissertation, proquest dissertations)
Expanding Queer of Color Critique: From "Quare" to "Kweer" Studies
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queer of color critique to account for a wider range of racialized experiences. ====Fast debate is beautiful—it pushes the limits of what language can do and teaches you to link values and policy—if you think affirming their style is important enough to vote on, then they have to answer this====
Lerner 2012 – poet, novelist, essayist, and critic, winner of the Hayden Carruth prize (October, Ben, Harpers, "Contest of Words: High school debate and the demise of public speech", http://harpers.org/archive/2012/10/contest-of-words/?single=1%26src=longreads%26utm_source=buffer%26buffer_share=b1dd3) If I have recognized the spread in drug warnings and financial doublespeak, where the
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, amid a general sense of doom, that other worlds were possible. |
