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| 09/22/2012 | GSU AFFTournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Advantage one is Prolif – And, prolif is bad – extinction Kroenig, 12 [May 26th, Matthew Kroenig: Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182andtid=30] Proliferation Optimism: Proliferation … devastating nuclear exchange. And, The perception of technological leadership centered on an effective and expanded domestic nuclear industry prevents global proliferation Bengelsdorf and McGoldrick, 07 [currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, held numerous senior positions in the U.S. government, including the Energy Department and its predecessor agencies, the State Department, and the U.S. Mission to the IAEA. Among his appointments, he served as the director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs. Throughout his career, Mr. Bengelsdorf contributed significantly to the development and implementation of U.S. international fuel cycle and nonproliferation policies, having participated in several White House and National Security Council studies. He was involved in the negotiation of numerous bilateral and multilateral nuclear and nonproliferation agreements, including the development of full-scope IAEA safeguards (INFCIRC/153) to implement the Nuclear, THE U.S. DOMESTIC CIVIL NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE AND U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICY A White Paper Presented by the American Council on Global Nuclear Competitiveness May 2007, http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/COUNCIL_WHITE_PAPER_Final.pdf] The health of the U.S. civil … other countries. And, the internal link is historically proven – the US led order has solidified strict nonproliferation standards – maintaining a seat at the international table allows safeguard improvements, physical protection and nuclear detection Bengelsdorf and McGoldrick, 07 [currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, held numerous senior positions in the U.S. government, including the Energy Department and its predecessor agencies, the State Department, and the U.S. Mission to the IAEA. Among his appointments, he served as the director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs. Throughout his career, Mr. Bengelsdorf contributed significantly to the development and implementation of U.S. international fuel cycle and nonproliferation policies, having participated in several White House and National Security Council studies. He was involved in the negotiation of numerous bilateral and multilateral nuclear and nonproliferation agreements, including the development of full-scope IAEA safeguards (INFCIRC/153) to implement the Nuclear, THE U.S. DOMESTIC CIVIL NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE AND U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICY A White Paper Presented by the American Council on Global Nuclear Competitiveness May 2007, http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/COUNCIL_WHITE_PAPER_Final.pdf] Historically, the ability of the U.S. … the U.S. nuclear infrastructure. And, global interest in nuclear power is expanding which creates unprecedented threats to the nonprolif regime – maintaining effective export conditions is contingent on a US lead role Bengelsdorf and McGoldrick, 07 [currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, held numerous senior positions in the U.S. government, including the Energy Department and its predecessor agencies, the State Department, and the U.S. Mission to the IAEA. Among his appointments, he served as the director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs. Throughout his career, Mr. Bengelsdorf contributed significantly to the development and implementation of U.S. international fuel cycle and nonproliferation policies, having participated in several White House and National Security Council studies. He was involved in the negotiation of numerous bilateral and multilateral nuclear and nonproliferation agreements, including the development of full-scope IAEA safeguards (INFCIRC/153) to implement the Nuclear, THE U.S. DOMESTIC CIVIL NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE AND U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICY A White Paper Presented by the American Council on Global Nuclear Competitiveness May 2007, http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/COUNCIL_WHITE_PAPER_Final.pdf] Consumer countries are likely … project design and selection where possible. But, the US won’t play a lead role – bolstering the domestic industry prevents cascading proliferation and ensures international reactor development Wallace and Williams, 12 [Michael, Senior Adviser, U.S. Nuclear Energy Project, Sarah, CSIS, “Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing It’s Early Demise,” http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf] America’s nuclear … its early demise. And, new tech is the lynchpin of prolif leadership – the alternative is cascading prolif and terrorism NESG, ‘5 [report by the Nuclear Energy Study Group of the American Physical Society Panel on Public Affairs, “Nuclear Power And Proliferation Resistance: Securing Benefits, Limiting Risk,” May, http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/proliferation-resistance/upload/proliferation.pdf] Nuclear Power, Nuclear Proliferation … the fuel-cycle and strengthen international institutions. Thorium reactors are key – And, expansion of LFTR’s ensure proliferation resistance – supplants global plutonium supplies Donohue, 8/27/12 [Nathan Donohue is a research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues, CSIS, “Thorium and its Value in Nonproliferation”, http://csis.org/blog/thorium-and-its-value-nonproliferation] The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) …Reactor and Accelerator Driven System. And, plutonium disposable is possible via in situ reprocessing – solves terrorism which causes extinction Rhodes, 12 [February, Professor Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), “Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy”, http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html] There is much written to the effect that thorium … civilization is poised. LFTR’s are prolif resistant – the plan causes tech transfers – federal funding key Hargraves, 12 [July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made presentations about the liquid fluoride thorium reactor and energy cheaper than from coal – the only realistic way to dissuade nations from burning fossil fuels. His presentation “Aim High” about the technology and social benefits of the liquid fluoride thorium reactor has been presented to audiences at Dartmouth ILEAD, Thayer School of Engineering, Brown University, Columbia Earth Institute, Williams College, Royal Institution, the Thorium Energy Alliance, the International Thorium Energy Association, Google, the American Nuclear Society, and the Presidents Blue Ribbon Commission of America’s Nuclear Future. With coauthor Ralph Moir he has written articles for the American Physical Society Forum on Physics and Society: Liquid Fuel Nuclear Reactors (Jan 2011) and American Scientist: Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors (July 2010). Robert Hargraves is a study leader for energy policy at Dartmouth ILEAD. He was chief information officer at Boston Scientific Corporation and previously a senior consultant with Arthur D. Little. He founded a computer software firm, DTSS Incorporated while at Dartmouth College where he was assistant professor of mathematics and associate director of the computation center. He graduated from Brown University (PhD Physics 1967) and Dartmouth College (AB Mathematics and Physics 1961). THORIUM: energy cheaper than coal, ISBN: 1478161299, purchased online at Amazon.com] Advanced nuclear power … wars over resources. And, federal LFTR prevents prolif – prevents diversion of materials Hargraves and Moir, ‘10 [Robert, teaches energy policy at the Institute for Lifelong Education at Dartmouth College, CIO at Boston Scientific, doing medical devices, graduate degree in physics -- Brown University, received a graduate degree in physics, Brown University, has published 10 papers on molten-salt reactors during his career at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sc.D. in nuclear engineering from MIT, July-August, “Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors: An old idea in nuclear power gets reexamined,” The American Scientist] Cost competitiveness is a weighty …and unobtainable plutonium. 1ac advantage (2) Advantage two is China China is committed to Thorium based nuclear power – large national initiatives make LFFTR development inevitable - development ensures Chinese control of intellectual property Martin, 12 [May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since 2002, he has written about energy, for Time, Fortune, The Atlantic, and the Asian Wall Street Journal, editorial director for Pike Research, the leading cleantech research and analysis firm, former Technology Producer for ABCNews.com, Technology Editor for The Industry Standard (2000-2001), and Editor-at- Large for Information Week (2005-2008), recipient of the “Excellence in Feature Writing" Award from the Society for Professional Journalists and the White Award for Investigative Reporting, Educated at Yale and the University of Hong Kong, , “SuperFuel: Thorium, the Green Energy Source for the Future”, ISBN 978—0»230-116474] GIVEN ALL THIS, I HAD TO ASK, why bother? … startling rate since¶ 2010 and of which China now has a monopoly: rare earth elements.¶ And, that control causes an abdication of US market access – collapses economic competitiveness WP, ’12 [Washington Post, 3-14, “America Is Letting China Steal Our Valuable Nuclear Innovations,” http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2012/03/america-is-letting-china-steal-our-valuable-nuclear-innovations.html] The U.S. Is Letting …build and run the U.S. plants as well. And, the impact is a complete collapse of hegemony Martino 7 – founder and chairman of the board of Cyber Technology Group, author of numerous books on finance (Rocco, A Strategy for Success: Innovation Will Renew American Leadership, http://www.fpri.org/orbis/5102/martino.innovationamericanleadership.pdf,) The United States of course faced … and energy dependence. Decline unglues geopolitics—causes the worst conflicts and inhibits problem solving Hirsh, 12/19/2011 [former Foreign Editor and chief correspondent for Newsweek written for Foreign Affairs, and Washington Monthly Hirsh was co-winner of the Overseas Press Club award for best magazine reporting from abroad in 2001 . “The End of the American Interlude”, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/the-end-of-the-american-interlude-20111215] Welcome to the future. …much more likely. Hegemony deescalates and solves all global nuclear conflict Kagan, 12 [2/7/12, Robert, The World America Made, Master Harvard, Ph.D American U, Columnist for the Washington Post, listed a top 100 public intellectual, p. Amazon Kindle] The unusual combination …a more viable option. 1ac plan text (1) The United States federal government should establish a matching funds programs, increase research and development funding and remove licensing restrictions for thorium power production in the United States. 1ac solvency (1) Contention two is solvency – The plan catalyzes effective investment in Thorium based reactor technology – lifting licensing restrictions spurs swift commercialization and establishing a matching funds program ensures appropriate capital for effective deployment – syncing that process with R and D funding sustains federal nuclear power leadership, prevents hegemonic decline and nuclear annihilation Martin, 12 [May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since 2002, he has written about energy, for Time, Fortune, The Atlantic, and the Asian Wall Street Journal, editorial director for Pike Research, the leading cleantech research and analysis firm, former Technology Producer for ABCNews.com, Technology Editor for The Industry Standard (2000-2001), and Editor-at- Large for Information Week (2005-2008), recipient of the “Excellence in Feature Writing" Award from the Society for Professional Journalists and the White Award for Investigative Reporting, Educated at Yale and the University of Hong Kong, , “SuperFuel: Thorium, the Green Energy Source for the Future”, ISBN 978—0»230-116474] WHILE A NEW MANHATTAN …choice¶ is ours. Current support is insufficient—Congressional appropriations are key to fast-track reactor development Cannarra, 5/5/11 [Engineering and Environmental Consultant Member: AAAS, IEEE, Sierra Club Supporter: EDF, Greenpeace, NAPF, Nature Conservancy, NRDC, RAN, UCS, WWF… Affiliated with the Thorium Energy Alliance Thorium – A Safe, Abundant and ‘Fertile’ Power Source Dr. Alexander Cannara,http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/brc/20120627230324/http://brc.gov/sites/default/files/comments/attachments/thoriumarticle_a_cannara_0.pdf] Today, for example, we in … our future via Thorium (3,4). | |
| 10/03/2012 | LFTRs 1AC - KYRR Round 2Tournament: KYRR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mary Washington MM | Judge: Dave Strauss 1ac prolifAdvantage one is Prolif –Inevitable interest makes nuclear expansion uniquely dangerous nowBanks and Ebinger, 11 ~John P, Charles K, John is a fellow with the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, Charles is senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, "Introduction: Planning a Responsible Nuclear Future" in "Business and Nonproliferation", p. googlebooks~ Nuclear energy is a twentieth-century innovation but until recently has not spread beyond Plan prevents global prolif and solidifies leadershipBengelsdorf and McGoldrick, 07 ~currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, held numerous senior positions in the U.S. government, including the Energy Department and its predecessor agencies, the State Department, and the U.S. Mission to the IAEA. Among his appointments, he served as the director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs. Throughout his career, Mr. Bengelsdorf contributed significantly to the development and implementation of U.S. international fuel cycle and nonproliferation policies, having participated in several White House and National Security Council studies. He was involved in the negotiation of numerous bilateral and multilateral nuclear and nonproliferation agreements, including the development of full-scope IAEA safeguards (INFCIRC/153) to implement the Nuclear, THE U.S. DOMESTIC CIVIL NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE AND U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICY A White Paper Presented by the American Council on Global Nuclear Competitiveness May 2007, http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/COUNCIL_WHITE_PAPER_Final.pdf~~ The health of the U.S. civil nuclear infrastructure can have an important US leadership offsets dangerous techFerguson, 10 ~Dr. Charles D. Ferguson, President of the Federation of American Scientists, Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University, May 19, 2010, Statement before the House Committee on Science and Technology for the hearing on Charting the Course for American Nuclear Technology: Evaluating the Department of Energy’s Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap, http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing%20.pdf-http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing .pdf~ The United States and several other countries have considerable experience in building and operating small And, LFTR reactors are key – in situ reprocessing checks fissile diversionMartin, 12 ~May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since IN REPORTING ON THE THORIUM POWER MOVEMENT, I heard plenty of reasons why it Unmitigated tech breakout causes runaway prolif and nuclear warSokolski 9 ~Henry Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 6/1/2009, Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/5534~~ Finally, several new nuclear weapons contenders are also likely to emerge in the next Continued prolif ensures global warHeisbourg 12—chairman of the council of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy and of the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies (Francois, 3/4/12, "NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION – LOOKING BACK, THINKING AHEAD: HOW BAD WOULD THE FURTHER SPREAD OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS BE?," http://www.npolicy.org/article_file/Nuclear_Proliferation_-_Looking_Back_Thinking_Ahead_How_Bad_Would_the_Further_Spread_of_Nuclear_Weapons_Be.pdf, RBatra) The problem with this reassuring reading of the past is that it is not entirely Federal action is key to reverse industry decline and influence reactor adoptionWallace and Williams, 12 ~Michael, Senior Adviser, U.S. Nuclear Energy Project, Sarah, CSIS, "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing It’s Early Demise," http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf~~ America’s nuclear energy industry is in decline. Low natural gas prices, financing hurdles Thorium is key – spurs elimination of plutonium stockpilesDonohue, 8/27/12 ~Nathan Donohue is a research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues, CSIS, "Thorium and its Value in Nonproliferation", http://csis.org/blog/thorium-and-its-value-nonproliferation-http://csis.org/blog/thorium-and-its-value-nonproliferation~~ The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) recently featured an article on their Science And, in-situ reprocessing removes plutonium – solves extinction from terrorismRhodes, 12 ~February, Professor Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), "Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy", http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html-http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html~~ There is much written to the effect that thorium might prove a more viable nuclear fuel, and an energy industry based upon it, than the current uranium-based process which serves to provide both energy and weapons - including "depleted uranium" for armaments and missiles. There are different ways in which energy might be extracted from thorium, one of which is the accelerator-driven system (ADS). Such accelerators need massive amounts of electricity to run them, as all particle accelerators do, but these are required to produce a beam of protons of such intensity that until 10 years ago the prevailing technology meant that it could not have been done. As noted below, an alternative means to use thorium as a fuel is in a liquid fluoride reactor (LFR), also termed a molten salt reactor, which avoids the use of solid oxide nuclear fuels. Indeed, China has made the decision to develop an LFR-based thorium-power programme, to be active by 2020.¶ Rather like nuclear fusion, the working ADS technology is some way off, and may never happen, although Professor Egil Lillestol of Bergen University in Norway is pushing that the world should use thorium in such ADS reactors. Using thorium as a nuclear fuel is a laudable idea, as is amply demonstrated in the blog "Energy from Thorium" (http://thoriumenergy.blogspot.com/). However, the European Union has pulled the plug on funding for the thorium ADS programme, which was directed by Professor Carlo Rubbia, the Nobel Prize winner, who has now abandoned his efforts to press forward the programme, and instead concentrated on solar energy, which was another of his activities. Rubbia had appointed Lillestol as leader of the CERN physics division over two decades ago, in 1989, who believes that the cause is not lost.¶ Thorium has many advantages, not the least being its greater abundance than uranium. It is often quoted that there is three times as much thorium as there is uranium. Uranium is around 2 - 3 parts per million in abundance in most soils, and this proportion rises especially where phosphate rocks are present, to anywhere between 50 and 1000 ppm. This is still only in the range 0.005% - 0.1% and so even the best soils are not obvious places to look for uranium. However, somewhere around 6 ppm as an average for thorium in the Earth’s crust is a reasonable estimate. There are thorium mineral deposits that contain up to 12% of the element, located at the following tonnages in Turkey (380,000), Australia (300,000), India (290,000), Canada and the US combined (260,000)... and Norway (170,000), perhaps explaining part of Lillestol’s enthusiasm for thorium based nuclear power. Indeed, Norway is very well endowed with natural fuel resources, including gas, oil, coal, and it would appear, thorium.¶ An alternative technology to the ADS is the "Liquid Fluoride Reactor" (LFR), which is described and discussed in considerable detail on the http://thoriumenergy.blogspot.com/-http://thoriumenergy.blogspot.com/ blog, and reading this has convinced me that the LFR may provide the best means to achieve our future nuclear energy programme. Thorium exists naturally as thorium-232, which is not of itself a viable nuclear fuel. However, by absorption of relatively low energy "slow" neutrons, it is converted to protactinium 233, which must be removed from the reactor (otherwise it absorbs another neutron and becomes protactinium 234) and allowed to decay over about 28 days to uranium 233, which is fissile, and can be returned to the reactor as a fuel, and to breed more uranium 233 from thorium. The "breeding" cycle can be kicked-off using plutonium say, to provide the initial supply of neutrons, and indeed the LFR would be a useful way of disposing of weapons grade plutonium and uranium from the world’s stockpiles while converting it into useful energy.¶ The LFR makes in-situ reprocessing possible, much more easily than is the case for solid-fuel based reactors. I believe there have been two working LFR’s to date, and if implemented, the technology would avoid using uranium-plutonium fast breeder reactors, which need high energy "fast" neutrons to convert uranium 238 which is not fissile to plutonium 239 which is. The LFR is inherently safer and does not require liquid sodium as a coolant, while it also avoids the risk of plutonium getting into the hands of terrorists. It is worth noting that while uranium 235 and plutonium 239 could be shielded to avoid detection as a "bomb in a suitcase", uranium 233 could not, because it is always contaminated with uranium 232, which is a strong gamma-ray emitter, and is far less easily concealed.¶ It has been claimed that thorium produces "250 times more energy per unit of weight" than uranium. Now this isn’t simply a "logs versus coal on the fire" kind of argument, but presumably refers to the fact that while essentially all the thorium can be used as a fuel, the uranium must be enriched in uranium 235, the rest being "thrown away" and hence wasted as "depleted" uranium 238 (unless it is bred into plutonium). If both the thorium and uranium were used to breed uranium 233 or plutonium 239, then presumably their relative "heat output" weight for weight should be about the same as final fission fuels? If this is wrong, will someone please explain this to me as I should be interested to know?¶ However, allowing that the LFR in-situ reprocessing is a far easier and less dangerous procedure, the simple sums are that contained in 248 million tonnes of natural uranium, available as a reserve, are 1.79 million tonnes of uranium 235 + 246.2 million tonnes of uranium 238. Hence by enrichment 35 million tonnes (Mt) of uranium containing 3.2% uranium 235 (from the original 0.71%) are obtained. This "enriched fraction" would contain 1.12 Mt of (235) + 33.88 Mt of (238), leaving in the other "depleted" fraction 248 - 35 Mt = 213 Mt of the original 248 Mt, and containing 0.67 Mt (235) + 212.3 Mt (238). Thus we have accessed 1.79 - 0.67 = 1.12 Mt of (235) = 1.12/224 = 4.52 x 10*-3 or 0.452% of the original total uranium. Thus on a relative basis thorium (assuming 100% of it can be used) is 100/0.452 = 221 times as good weight for weight, which is close to the figure claimed, and a small variation in enrichment to a slightly higher level as is sometimes done probably would get us to an advantage factor of 250%21¶ Plutonium is a by-product of normal operation of a uranium-fuelled fission reactor. 95 to 97% of the fuel in the reactor is uranium 238. Some of this uranium is converted to plutonium 239 and plutonium 241 - usually about 1000 kg forms after a year of operation. At the end of the cycle (a year to 2 years, typically), very little uranium 235 is left and about 30% of the power produced by the reactor actually comes from plutonium. Hence a degree of "breeding" happens intrinsically and so the practical advantage of uranium raises its head from 1/250 (accepting that figure) to 1/192, which still weighs enormously in favour of thorium%21¶ As a rough estimate, 1.4 million tonnes of thorium (about one third the world uranium claimed, which is enough to last another 50 years as a fission fuel) would keep us going for about 200/3 x 50 = 3,333 years. Even if we were to produce all the world’s electricity from nuclear that is currently produced using fossil fuels (which would certainly cut our CO2 emissions), we would be O.K. for 3,333/4 = 833 years. More thorium would doubtless be found if it were looked for, and so the basic raw material is not at issue. Being more abundant in most deposits than uranium, its extraction would place less pressure on other fossil fuel resources used for mining and extracting it. Indeed, thorium-electricity could be piped in for that purpose.¶ It all sounds great: however, the infrastructure would be huge to switch over entirely to thorium, as it would to switch to anything else including hydrogen and biofuels. It is this that is the huge mountain of resistance there will be to all kinds of new technology. My belief is that through cuts in energy use following post peak oil (and peak gas), we may be able to produce liquid fuels from coal, possibly using electricity produced from thorium, Thorium produces less of a nuclear waste problem finally, since fewer actinides result from the thorium fuel cycle than that from uranium. Renewables should be implemented wherever possible too, in the final energy mix that will be the fulcrum on which the survival of human civilization is poised. And, dual use makes other reactors too risky – federal investment streamlines tech transfersHargraves, 12 ~July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made Advanced nuclear power must be proliferation resistant. Nuclear weapons can cause terrible destruction of 1ac please don’t read ahead…Advantage two is Resource Wars Only LFTR expansion solves economical water desalination Some of the many advantages of the LFTR system over other nuclear reactor designs are Solves global water stress—reactor design keyHargraves, 12 ~July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made World water resources are stressed. UNESCO reports that 8% of worldwide electric power This stabilizes global population and averts resource conflictHargraves, 12 ~July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made Resource depletion may be more severe than climate change. Sustainable electricity access is key to stable population and resource competitionHargraves, 12 ~July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made Over a billion people have no access to electricity, a key to economic development Water shortages cause instability, failed states and global conflict—recency mattersLee, 12 ~Matthew Lee, Huffington Post, "Water War Could Erupt In Coming Decades, Says U.S. Intel Report", http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/22/water-war-intel-report-hillary-clinton_n_1372496.html~~ The report is based on a classified National Intelligence Estimate on water security, which Escalates globallyRasmussen 11 – CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council (Erik, 04/12, "Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html) For years experts have set out warnings of how the earth will be affected by Specifically—Indo-Pak warBokhari 10 – assistant editor at Dawn (Ashfak, 01/18, "Water dispute and war risk," http://archives.dawn.com/archives/24980) In March last year, a group of more than 20 different UN bodies warned ExtinctionGreg Chaffin 11, Research Assistant at Foreign Policy in Focus, July 8, 2011, "Reorienting U.S. Security Strategy in South Asia," online: http://www.fpif.org/articles/reorienting_us_security_strategy_in_south_asia The greatest threat to regional security (although curiously not at the top of most Resource wars will become frequent and severe—robust academic basisJawan, 12 ~S Naji, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, ’Resource Wars’ in the Post-Cold War Era: The Persian Gulf Oil, US, and the Iraq War Arts and Social Sciences Journal, Vol. 2012: ASSJ-49, http://astonjournals.com/manuscripts/Vol2012/ASSJ-49_Vol2012.pdf~~ 2. ’Resource Wars’ and Conflict for Oil Natural resources have always played a key role in conflicts and wars taking place. These struggles are often caused by the scarcity and immense value resources such as diamonds, copper, gold, water, timber, arable land, and oil ~1~. Among them, the role of petroleum as a vital commodity for the industrial world, and due to its global influences has been most remarkable, and as Yergin ~8~ noted, the history of petroleum has always been associated with the history of struggle and war. Indeed, "petroleum is unique among the world’s resources" ~1~. There is this view that, the 21st century, similar to the previous century will be a "century of oil" and from this view, access to oil as a global resource has always included those issues that have formed battles ~9~. In fact, the new resource wars in the world will be a significant problem in the future. It will be because of the oil supply crisis as a natural resource. It will occur because of the declining oil reservoirs as well as the unbalanced distribution of these resources in particular along the North-South axis ~4~. Billon ~3~ believes that the natural resources have always been introduced as a crucial motive of conflicts and wars. He refers to the more important role of these resources in creating wars in the 1990s and argues that some interventions take place because of the lust for valuable resources. He also believes that, on the other hand, the political and economic vulnerabilities of dependent countries on resources are the main reason for the importance of resources in creating wars. In this respect, the geopolitical thinking in the west, concerning resources, has been established over an equally strong relationship amongst power, trade, and war which has been tied strongly to maritime navigation and overseas resources too. In the past, this geopolitical thought had been reflected in the view that "whoever commands the oceans commands the trade of the world, and whoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world, and whoever is master of that commands the world itself." With growing dependence of the western countries on imported materials during the 19th century, indeed, great western countries expanded their command over raw materials throughout the world. In this commentary, some classic geopolitical concepts such as "vital space" or Lebensraum for accessing further resources and Mackinder’s "Heartland" in warning about the role of railways in control of resources are very important ~3~. Oil is the most significant overseas resource, and Billon ~3~, showed the key role it played during World War I and World War II. The vulnerability of those resources at that time was also revealed so that during the Cold War, ultimately, it was focused "on the vulnerability of rising resource supply dependence" which required various strategies to secure the needed resources in the forms of military deployments, accumulation of resources, diplomatic activities, coup d’état, etc. ~3~. In this respect, four important events have also been mentioned by Billon, which have influenced the oil strategies and history; the decolonization process, Suez crisis in 1956, the 1973 Arab oil embargo, and the Islamic revolution of Iran in 1979. He also mentioned two important events, the end of the Cold War and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, as events that increased the importance of energy security and vulnerability of these resources. Billon, on the other hand, indicates the necessity of energy security for the oil producer countries. For him, always one of the strategic http://astonjournals.com/assj 3 Arts and Social Sciences Journal, Vol. 2012: ASSJ-49 concerns for importing and exporting countries relates to geopolitics of energy security. In that regard, he also considers the natural resources revenues as a strong instrument to create wars in the post-Cold War era. This view is similar to Huntington’s idea that oil-rich countries in the Persian Gulf became money-rich and then weapons-rich, and then, several wars finally occurred between Arab and Israel ~10~. Peters ~4~, however, in his work "Coercive Western Energy Security Strategies: ’Resource Wars’ as a New Threat to Global Security," explains the conditions of the Cold War era concerning resource wars and believes that, in 1986, a list of 12 wars and skirmishes in the 20th century was presented indicating that all were started by clashes over access to resources, renewable or non-renewable. For him, the 1991 Gulf War was the first interstate war on a major scale in the post-Cold War era, which was fought to control the oil of the region. From his view, oil is the most important non-renewable resources. In particular, it is a vital commodity in the industrial countries, with industrialized economies, particularly in agriculture and transportation sectors. As evidence, he refers to demand rates of consumer countries and indicates that demand is growing significantly and will continue to do so especially in the forthcoming decades such that in accordance with the international energy agency’s (IEA) request for oil between 1997 and 2020 which is anticipated to rise with a growth rate of 1.9% per year ~4~. In this respect and according to an international group of petroleum specialists (Association for the Study of Peak Oil, ASPO), researchers will witness the peak of world supply of oil in early 2010, and as a consequence, the energy prices will grow, and ultimately the world will face economic upheaval. Peters examines in fact, the resources conflict from the South–North perspectives and argues that 67.3% of all proven oil reservoirs has been covered by the G-77 and OPEC, and Arab league covers nearly 60% of world oil reservoirs. On the other hand, the demands of the developing countries are growing too. It is expected to rise almost three-fold as fast as in the developed world. It is estimated that from 43% for today to 55% of total global consumption by 2020. Therefore, conflict between South and North will be built over the distribution of energy resources among the energy-producing states and the energy-consuming states. There is, indeed, this view that, wars are generally the result of a multifaceted combination of motives, and the most important motivation is the concerns that are related to access and control of resources ~4~. It is interesting that Peters refers to two wars in the post-Cold War as "resource wars," which were the result of the US coercive strategy in order to protect energy supplies. In this respect, however, Singh refers to three wars in the Persian Gulf; two Iraq wars and the Afghanistan war that took place between two Iraq wars. He, in reference to the Afghanistan war, presents this question: "Is the NATO military presence in South-West Asia only to fight terrorism and introduce democracy or is there a hidden agenda like dominating the energy sources for the use of the west? Are they spending billions of dollars to maintain a large number of troops not only in Iraq but also in the neighborhood for political philanthropy, like establishing democracy, or is it an investment for energy security in the future?" ~11~. Singh, with reference to some studies emphasizes that bypassing the National Oil Company of Iraq in support of free market of oil was the aim of neo-conservatives, as it would reduce the domination of OPEC and other oil producers over the international oil market. He refers to production and consumption of oil for the period 1970–2003, and emphasizes the US dependency on foreign oil. He also stresses three significant issues: a continuous decrease in oil production, growing oil consumption, and as a result constantly rising dependence upon foreign imported oil. This increasing dependence has been shown to grow from 12.15% in 1970 to 43.7% in 1990 and to 65.1% in 2003. From this point of view, as the oil reserves of the US, South-East Asia and North Sea are declining; all the major consumers’ dependence is increasing, especially on the Persian Gulf oil because of their future needs. This increase for the US is from 2.3 million barrels per day (mbd) in 2003 to 4.2 mbd by 2020. He also refers to declining oil production in the US from 9.5 mbd in 1970 to 6.72 mbd in 1994 and to 5.72 mbd in 2003. There is also decline in Norway, UK, and Indonesia. Clearly, the oil reservoirs and productions of the Persian Gulf area will increasingly be vital for global energy security because the decreasing oil production and limited reservoirs in the OECD states ~11~. Another commentator, Klare ~12~ discusses three main resources in his work: energy resources (oil and natural gas), water, and valuable timber and minerals, and refers to the importance of these vital materials in the outbreak of conflicts across the world. Klare reveals his own worry about these conflicts and believes that it is a necessary issue to find and plan ways to resolve the issue of the competition over natural resources, because controlling specific natural resources is a national security theme of many countries and "something worth fighting for." In this respect, he divides the reasons of conflicts after the Cold War to two periods and says that fighting in Central Africa, Kashmir, and the former Yugoslavia focused the global community on preventing ethnic conflict in the early 1990s, while in the next few years, violence in Africa occurred in the fight to control the copper mines, diamond fields, and farmlands. Concerning oil and gas, however, Klare pointed out the mechanism of supply and demand as the starting point of the pressure on http://astonjournals.com/assj 4 Research Article energy reserves. He believes that increasing the populations and expanding the economic activities caused increasing need for vital materials, and demands for these materials, especially oil and gas, has always risen. Based on this viewpoint, "as shortages of critical materials rise in frequency and severity, the competition for access to the remaining supplies of these commodities will grow more intense" ~12~. He refers to a report of the US Department of Energy and declares that the world oil consumption will increase from about 77 mbd in 2000 to 110 mbd in 2020 (about 43%). In this condition, the world consumption will rise to approximately 670 billion barrels of oil only from 2000 till 2020. It means that it will include nearly two-thirds of the proven oil reservoirs of the world. In this respect, it seems that the production of petroleum will not be able to keep up with global demands and as a result the world will face an unbalanced global supply and demand ~12~. Goes nuclearWooldridge 9 – political writer and former lecturer at Cornell University (Frosty, "Humanity galloping toward its greatest crisis in the 21st century" It is clear that most politicians and most citizens do not recognize that returning to The United States Federal Government should expand loan guarantees for small modular Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors in the United States.1ac solvencySmall modular thorium reactors are key – the tech is readyMartin, 12 ~May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since SO, IF YOU WERE GOING TO DESIGN and build a new nuclear reactor from And, new tech developments make thorium LFTR’s expandableHargraves, 12 ~July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made And, the level of investment is keyThe Economist, 09 ~Nuclear’s next generation inside story: A group of six new blueprints for nuclear power stations promise advances in safety and efficiency. How do they differ from existing designs?, http://www.economist.com/node/15048703-http://www.economist.com/node/15048703~~ Loan guarantees now, but they are insufficientSquassoni 12 Sharon, Director and Senior Fellow of the Proliferation Prevention Program at CSIS, "NUCLEAR POWER IN THE GLOBAL ENERGY PORTFOLIO", Federation of American Scientists, February, www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf Federal loan guarantees causes market expansion – catalyzes capital investment And, loan guarantees reduce financial uncertainty and boost investmentAdams 10—Publisher of Atomic insights Was in the Navy for 33 years Spent time at the Naval Academy Has experience designing and running small nuclear plants (Rod, Concrete Action to Follow Strongly Supportive Words On Building New Nuclear Power Plants, atomicinsights.com/2010/01/concrete-action-to-follow-strongly-supportive-words-on-building-new-nuclear-power-plants.html) Government support is vital-~—it overcomes financial barriers to nuclear that the market cannotYanosek 12 Kassia, entrepreneur-in-residence at Stanford University’s Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance and a private equity investor in the energy sector as a principal at Quadrant Management and Founder of Tana Energy Capital LLC, " Financing Nuclear Power in the US", Spring, energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Financing_Nuclear_Power_by_Kassia_Yanosek The impact is extinctionKroenig, 12 ~May 26th, Matthew Kroenig: Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182%26tid=30-http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182%26tid=30~~ Proliferation Optimism: Proliferation optimism was revived in the academy in Kenneth Waltz’s 1979 book | |
| 10/03/2012 | AT: LWR CPTournament: KYRR | Round: 4 | Opponent: NW LV | Judge: Hester And, the cp isn’t economically feasible - new fourth gen reactors are keySilverstein, 12 ~4/18/12, Ken, Ken Silverstein-http://blogs.forbes.com/kensilverstein/, Contributor Energy Central Editor , "Nuclear Energy Accidents May Become Thing of Past", http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/18/nuclear-energy-accidents-may-become-thing-of-past/2/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/18/nuclear-energy-accidents-may-become-thing-of-past/2/~~ | |
| 10/03/2012 | AT: Privatization CPTournament: KYRR | Round: 4 | Opponent: NW LV | Judge: Hester Competitiveness isn’t zero sum – US gains don’t hurt othersBordoff et al, 9 - Policy Director of the Hamilton Project, an economic policy initiative at Brookings (Jason, "Strengthening American Competitiveness: Regaining Our Competitive Edge", Feburary, Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/reports/2009/2/american%20competitiveness%20brainard/02_american_competitiveness_brainard.pdf-http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2009/2/american competitiveness brainard/02_american_competitiveness_brainard.pdf) NK The government can successfully pick winners better than the private sectorBorrus and Stowsky, 97 – Berkeley (Michael and Jay, "Technology Policy and Economic Growth", The Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy, CIAO) In fact, even accepting the critic’s definition of the issue, there are limiting Cap and trade is a form of central planning of energy markets that kills innovationSmith, 07 – president of the Competitive Enterprise Institute (Fred, COMMITTEE Hearing on the U.S. Climate Action Partnership Report, 2/13, http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Testimony%26Hearing_ID=9d420df7-802a-23ad-4615-a240504c6347%26Witness_ID=0c43573e-35d0-4cd3-b15f-9dcee707e5e6-http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Hearings.Testimony%26Hearing_ID=9d420df7-802a-23ad-4615-a240504c6347%26Witness_ID=0c43573e-35d0-4cd3-b15f-9dcee707e5e6) Let us begin by examining the policy at the heart of the Partnership’s plan, Counterplan doesn’t solve the case – it might cause economic changes, but that doesn’t guarantee Thorium tech – 1ac Donohue and Wash Post say that tech in particular is key to access the case – it can’t solve other externalitiesDoesn’t solve –—— Risk aversionNiiler, ’11 —— Uranium intertiaNiiler, ’11 —- can’t leverage the private sectorKatusa, ’12 PermutationCorporate tax too low – cuts kill competitiveness and crush innovation, this turns the entire CPBrodwin, 4/4 cofounder and board member of American Sustainable Business Council (David Brodwin, US News, 4 April 2012, "The Truth About Corporate Tax Rates," http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/economic-intelligence/2012/04/04/the-truth-about-corporate-tax-rates)//CC A furious debate rages between those wanting to cut taxes on U.S. | |
| 10/03/2012 | AT: Namibia DATournament: KYRR | Round: 4 | Opponent: NW LV | Judge: Hester Uranium prices are low now – post Fukushima recoveryBloomberg 12 ~"Uranium Recovery Postponed as Price Drops to 2-Year Low", Christopher Donville, Sep 19, 2012~ Massive declines over the past 5 years should have triggered the linkKIDD 9/18/12 (Steve; Deputy Director-General – World Nuclear Association, "Uranium Supply – how has Fukushima changed the market?" Nuclear Engineering International, l/n) Interest in the world uranium market has undoubtedly subsided since the period in 2007 when No demand increases until at least 2016 or 2017Pistilli 12 ~"Uranium Market Headed Toward Supply Deficit", September 20, 2012, Melissa Pistilli, Exclusive to Uranium Investing News~ Namibia says some drugs – not all drugs
| |
| 10/03/2012 | AT: Politics - Fiscal CliffTournament: KYRR | Round: 4 | Opponent: NW LV | Judge: Hester No impact – ’fiscal cliff’ overblownChristine Benz (writer for the Morningstar) September 23, 2012 ’Who’s Getting Conservative in Advance of the Fiscal Cliff? Wont pass nowScott Shane (writer for Terra) September 30, 2012 "Should Small Business Fear the Fiscal Cliff? (Opinion)" http://news.terra.com/should-small-business-fear-the-fiscal-cliff-opinion,ee822291a771a310VgnVCM10000098cceb0aRCRD.html The plan has political legs – reserves, track record, and environmental benefitsFrye, 08 ~Copyright (c) 2008 Energy Bar Association Energy Law Journal Recent report is causing Libya backlashRAP (Red Alert Politics, editorial staff) September 16, 2012 "Obama’s Skipped Intel Meetings Under Scrutiny" http://redalertpolitics.com/2012/09/16/obamas-skipped-intel-meetings-under-scrutiny/ PC not keyKlein, 3/19/12 ~The Unpersuaded Who listens to a President? by Ezra Klein-http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/ezra_klein/search?contributorName=ezra%20klein March 19, 2012, Ezra Klein is the editor of Wonkblog and a columnist at the Washington Post, as well as a contributor to MSNBC and Bloomberghttp://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/03/19/120319fa_fact_klein~~%23ixzz1p36PrMbH~~ Cant predict ’fiscal cliff’ negotiations now – election will impact it too muchCGMC (Canaccord Genuity Morning Coffee, Canaccord Genuity Inc. is a global investment banking and institutional brokerage firm) September 21, 2012 "Fiscal cliff not likely to be resolved until lame duck" http://www.futuresmag.com/2012/09/21/fiscal-cliff-not-likely-to-be-resolved-until-lame Obama wont spend PC on the planJames Rainey (writer for the LA Times) September 25, 2012 "Would President Obama try stimulus spending again?" http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-obama-stimulus-20120924,0,169153.story Political capital wont be key in the lameduck – Obama’s got no leverage even after winningEleanor Clift (Contributing Editor to Newsweek) September 30, 2012 "If Obama Wins, What Changes for His Second Term?" http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/30/if-obama-wins-what-changes-for-his-second-term.html Treasury secretary nomination will handle the negotiationsErza Klein (editor of Wonkblog and a columnist at the Washington Post, as well as a contributor to MSNBC and Bloomberg) October 1, 2012 "Wonkbook: The payroll tax cut looks done for" http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/10/01/wonkbook-the-payroll-tax-cut-looks-done-for/ | |
| 10/03/2012 | AT: 123 DATournament: KYRR | Round: 4 | Opponent: NW LV | Judge: Hester No link not reprocessingNuke inev – reactor adtoption No link—Obama won’t push for no-ENR pledgesLugar 12 However, the United States and the United Arab Emirates took an important joint step Your authors assume measures supported by nonprolif cred advocates—not what Obama would doGrossman 12 Obama has displayed hesitance in negotiating 123 agreements – more leverage causes ENR renunciationLewis, 12 ~August 1st, Jeffrey Lewis is director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/01/it_s_not_as_easy_as_1_2_3?page=0,1-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/01/it_s_not_as_easy_as_1_2_3?page=0,1~ And, leadership directly discourages reprocessing – stronger leadership is keyHibbs, 12 ~Mark Hibbs 12, SENIOR ASSOCIATE, NUCLEAR POLICY PROGRAM, Carnegie Endowment, "Negotiating Nuclear Cooperation Agreements," NUCLEAR ENERGY BRIEF, AUGUST 7, 2012 http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/08/07/negotiating-nuclear-cooperation-agreements/d98z-http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/08/07/negotiating-nuclear-cooperation-agreements/d98z~~ | |
| 10/03/2012 | AT: Heidegger KTournament: KYRR | Round: 4 | Opponent: NW LV | Judge: Hester Extinction outweighs ontologyJonas 96 ~Hans, Former Alvin Johnson Prof. Phil. At the New School for Social Research %26 Former Eric Voegelin Visiting Prof. at U. Munich, *do not agree with gendered language, Mortality and Morality: A Search for the Good after Auschwitz, pg 111-2 Questions of ~ontology/epistemology~ are irrelevant to world politics – the specificity of our internal links proves the necessity of actionKratochwil, 08 ~Friedrich Kratochwil is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Columbia University, Pragmatism in International Relations "Ten points to ponder about pragmatism" p11-25~ Alienated survivalism is the human condition — their alternative is simply an ontological maskJoaquin Trujillo, PhD Philosophy Florida International University in Janus Head Vol. 6 No. 1 Spring, 2003http://www.janushead.org/6-1/Trujillo.pdf Permutation — use the plan to grab a hold of Time with a fluidity of action that recognizes its own finitudeCritchley ’9 Simon, Professor of Philosophy at the New School "Heidegger’s Being and Time, part 8: Temporality" Firstly, he is trying to criticise the idea of time as a uniform, And, it doesn’t come first – the alt is nihilism – internal link turns value to lifeFain 11—Lecturer in the Committee on Degrees in Social Studies at Harvard University, Ph.D. in Philosophy and Psychoanalysis (Lucas, March 2011, The Review of Metaphysics, "Heidegger’s Cartesian nihilism," Academic OneFile, RBatra) That Heidegger transforms happiness, classically understood as the completion of human nature, into Calculative thought inevitable – they’ve calculated how to use the K to win a ballotAnd, the alt collapses politics and causes global destructionBiskowski 95 ~Lawrence J. professor of political theory and political economy at the University of Georgia, "Politics versus Aesthetics: Arendt’s Critiques of Nietzsche and Heidegger", The Review of Politics, Vol. 57, No. 1, Winter 1995, pg 59-89~ And, the alt fails – thought is too engrainedRiis 11—Carlsberg Research Fellow and Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Science Studies at Roskilde University, Ph.D. from Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (Søren, 8 February 2011, "Towards the origin of modern technology: reconfiguring Martin Heidegger’s thinking," RBatra) permutation solves best – incorporation affirms unavoidable use, but denies domination | |
| 01/06/2013 | Note/Questions/ConcernsTournament: Fullerton | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: If you have immediate questions email me alexanderdpappas@gmail.com and I will send you ev/intel ASAP Sorry, Pappas | |
| 01/08/2013 | new advantageTournament: fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge: Miller The United States Federal Government should reduce restrictions on offshore natural gas production in the United States. Advantage Two is Energy Cooperation --- Lifting the offshore moratorium of natural gas eliminates policy ambiguity --- facilitates cooperation with Mexico and Cuba And, the plan overcomes impediments to strong and effective precedential cooperation – solves Mexican stability Otherwise crippling international disputes become inevitable Solves Mexican relations Key to the economy and regional stability Mexican stability is critical to U.S. power A core premise of deep , measures growing rather than shrinking. 85 And, enhanced energy cooperation with Cuba solves relations and democracy Cuban democracy solves terrorism Solves Latin American stability Cuba is important , U.S. interests. | |
| 01/08/2013 | Round 6 DisclosureTournament: Fullerton | Round: | Opponent: Wayne | Judge: Feldman | |
| 01/24/2013 | Pitt Round Robin - Aff Round ReportsTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: 2AC Strat:Heg good, Turns on Risk/EJ | |
| 01/26/2013 | Pitt RR - Round 1 Aff CitesTournament: | Round: | Opponent: Missouri BR | Judge: ADVANTAGE ONE IS MANUFACTURING Gas supply crunch inevitable now But now there’s even more bad news: U.S. gas production appears Natural gas prices will keep increasing despite flat consumption—that impacts sectors throughout the economy The average price of natural gas is expected to increase by almost a dollar in And, shale gas is physically and economically unsustainable—continued reliance dashes expectations of future supply In those early days almost no one wanted to hear about problems with the shale In an interview with POWER, Berman argued that the boom in drilling shale gas And, demand increases make a shock inevitable – corresponding supply key A rise on the supply side would generally reduce prices, especially if the number And, supply expansion locks in a competitive advantage Expanded supply, coupled with low natural gas prices, has the potential to contribute It’s an exciting time to be in the energy industry in America. The impact Robust domestic gas production is key to sustain manufacturing The manufacturing sector has been leading the US economic recovery since the end of the Manufacturing is critically important to the American economy. For generations,¶ the strength of Manufacturing loss cascades throughout the economy The rough and tumble of international competition means we should expect industries to come and The plan independently acts as an immediate stimulus The estimates suggest that permanently lifting the OCS moratoria would produce broad economic benefits. Nuclear war Increased Potential for Global Conflict Growth solves war—strong studies Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict Sustained low prices key to ethylene expansion People predicting a manufacturing renaissance in the United States usually imagine whirring robots or advanced And, ethylene shortages coming now – supply increases key Ethylene demand will rise by at least 70 billion pounds through 2015, driven Ethylene shortages cause plant infections and resistant disease strains “Dutch phytopathologists have shown that ethylene is vital for the protection of plants against That collapses ag and independently risks extinction The Urgency of Global Genetic Conservation¶ The world's biota are under siege. A Domestic ag collapse risks extinction In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning 1ac Internationalism ADVANTAGE TWO IS INTERNATIONALISM Domestic supply alters the geopolitical landscape – favorable balance of power Desperate for signs of cooperation from North Korea? Check out reports that Kim Jong And, domestic supply allows successful pursuit of leadership Forget peak oil; forget the Middle East. The energy revolution of the 21st And, it promotes global growth, and democratic interdependence, Get ready for an American century: that appears to be the main consequence of And, internationalism strengthens problem solving and prevents great power war In the 250 years since its founding, the United States has been both That accesses escalation of every transnational threat Grand Strategy as Liberal Order Building American dominance of the global system will eventually yield 1ac Solvency Offshore gas is abundant Now that the election is (finally) behind us, President Obama has an And, the plan creates certainty for offshore production—balances supply Mr. GRILES. America’s public lands have an abundant opportunity for exploration and development And, restrictions key – alters market dynamics A confluence of factors is responsible for the recent price run-up at the And, that sustains low prices and ensures adequate supply Though President Obama uses lofty rhetoric to claim support for American oil and natural gas Only offshore development can keep domestic prices down Natural gas markets differ from the oil market in that they are not global, Nearly 100 new projects are capable of development If drilling permits going forward were to be issued at pre‐moratorium rates, OCS doubles our capacity As might be expected, the lower requirements for LNG under this scenario stem from Otherwise, restrictions crush predictability and timing of projects One legacy of congressional moratoria is their impact on the timing of possible OCS development (back to second advantage) And, material capabilities are irrelevant – plan cements cooperative approaches to great power war A final major gain to the United States from the benevolent hegemony has perhaps been The plan checks Chinese and Russian revisionism and strengthens diplomacy The energy boom upends arguments about the inevitability of U.S. strategic decline 2 AC Strat: A2 Resilient We meet – their evidence is about the PROCESS of extraction – the plan meets that And, drilling is production Counter interp–production is the extraction or capture of energy from natural sources Over limiting – production is impossible without first locating a form of energy – limiting US to existing wells, means there are NO natural gas affs because of the offshore moratoria - that causes affs that solely deal with shale, which no restrictions exist on and incentives don’t work given the tech is already economically viable Aff innovation – our interp fosters creativity and discussions of key aspects of natural gas policy Functional limits solve ground explosion – substantial, USFG and production guarantee links – our aff is at the core of the topic Their EIA evidence only defines “dry natural gas”, but not overall gas production– that only applies to gas that is unmarketable 2ac Kritik And, external factors prove the status quo is structurally improving No impact to the environment The political danger of catastrophism is matched by the weakness of its scientific foundation. International shipping makes it inevitable – shifting to domestic production is net better for the environment Nuke war outweighs structural violence – prioritizing structural violence makes preventing war impossible Perm do both – consumption is inevitable – we reform it Anti-management results in mass extinctions 2ac counterplan Permutation do the CP --- the plan doesn’t fiat the introduction of leases – the CP mandates a gas only lease – the plan text commits to removing the moratorium – but has nothing to DO with increasing leases – the CP is ridiculous, they haven’t card one that substantiates the CP is less than the AFF – it results in leases, but doesn’t mandate leases – the AFF should get to define the intent and scope of the plan – key to fairness Normal means is a debate that is separate from the mandate of the counterplan – that debate is infinitely regressive, the counterplan is also plan inclusive which is bad and kills any semblance of AFF offense – the lack of a solvency advocate is independently a voting issue – kills education Removing the moratorium obviates the need for leases Perm do the plan and end the leasing moratorium on offshore drilling AFF sufficient to solve certainty No one will drill for oil What about access for oil and gas drilling? A common complaint from the oil Coutnerplan Plan causes Saudi backlash Admittedly, the independence line might win domestic votes, but it loses America international Just as the U.S.-Saudi alliance was important during World War I Offshore drilling leads to cooperation with Cuba – that solves relations Relations are key to prevent cyber and bioterrorism Biological terrorism causes extinction Condo bad 2ac hagel da To accurately gauge the strategic challenges from Iran over a ten- to fifteen- No impact – Hagel won’t really change anything And, the vote is purely symbolic – who is the secretary will have no material effect on policy Uniqueness overwhelms the link – GOP is backing off Dem’s are united and only three GOP members are opposed Nomination provides political cover - opposition is loud not broad PC not key – army of supporters solve Laundry list of early priorities that will burn through PC quickly now Plan popular There have been glimpses of great leadership, examples when legislators have reached across the ---- key to bipartisan bargain Meanwhile, the partisan impasse may be about to end. Quietly, lawmakers and --- olive branch Winners win 1 AR Calculations are made on capabilities, not commitments In international politics credibility is a prized asset. A country whose prom- No Impact – 1ar Former U.S. Senator Chuck Hagel is a bad choice for American security Zero impact – Hagel doesn’t determine foreign policy. Hagel has no impcat They will be able to easily dismiss Republican’s major pressure points over Hagel – GOP wont be able to go for the throat during confirmation GOP won’t end up expending political capital to block Hagel nomination | |
| 01/26/2013 | Pitt RR Round 3Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: risk
We don’t link to their alarmism arguments—the aff isn’t forecasting in the sense of mapping out the future so much as having a contingency plan when things go wrong—they have to win the response of freeing up gas supply is a bad one or else their method indicts just beg the question Cochrane 11 John H. Cochrane is a Professor of finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and a contributor to Business Class "IN DEFENSE OF THE HEDGEHOGS" July 15 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/07/15/john-h-cochrane/in-defense-of-the-hedgehogs/
Risk Management Rather than Forecast-and-Plan The answer is contingency plans, both personal and public policies might be a lot better.
And, only debating specifics and rejecting fatalist rejection solves – the alternative is knee jerk reactions – they have nothing to say to decisionmakers when tough calls are on the line Kurasawa, 04 Fuyuki Kurasawa is Assistant Professor of Sociology at York University,¶ Toronto, and a Faculty Associate of the Center for Cultural Sociology at Yale¶ University. He is the author of The Ethnological Imagination: A Cross-Cultural¶ Critique of Modernity (2004), Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention¶ and the Work of Foresight, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK, http:~/~/www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa%20Articles/Constellations%20Article.pdf
Introduction¶ As we float in a mood of post-millennial angst, the AND and prepare for possible and¶ avoidable sources of harm to our successors.
coal
Coal exports inevitable globally, US exports are impossible, but if coal is exported it solves not causes warming Golden, 1/15/13 Reduce greenhouse gas by exporting coal? Yes, says Stanford economist, Mark Golden, Stanford News, http:~/~/news.stanford.edu/news/2013/january/html If Pacific Coast states construct sufficient coal export facilities, the United States is likely AND domestic use of coalwill reduce U.S. sulfur and particulates emissions. drilling Link turn – offshore drilling helps environment Allen 09 – Bruce Allen is co-founder of SOS California, an environmental and energy non-profit (Bruce, November 30, 2009, “How Offshore Oil and Gas Production Benefits the Economy and the Environment,” Heritage, http:~/~/www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/11/org/research/reports/2009/11/how-offshore-oil-and-gas-production-benefits-the-economy-and-the-environment)
Drilling restrictions in general are imposed due to environmental concerns, despite the fact that AND cleaner over the last 50 years due to offshore oil and gas production.
International shipping makes it inevitable – shifting to domestic production is net better for the environment Kenneth Medlock III (Fellow in Energy Studies, at the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy, Adjunct assistant professor in the department of economics at Rice University) July 2008 “THE OCS LEASING MORATORIUM: WHICH WAY FORWARD?” http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-WWT-OCSMoratorium-071008.pdf The most vehement objection to opening the areas currently off-limits in the OCS AND , must be diligently maintained to ensure that the offshore record remain outstanding. 1ac plan
The United States Federal Government should reduce restrictions on offshore natural gas production in the United States.
1ac manufacturing
Advantage one is Manufacturing
Natural gas prices will keep increasing despite flat consumption—that impacts sectors throughout the economy Schwartzel, 13 Erich Schwartzel, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Expert on Fracking, visited Pappas’ Public Policy Class and was part of a round table discussion that consisted of Barry Rabe, professor at UM and others, really funny too, “U.S. report predicts rising natural gas prices in 2013-14”, http:~/~/www.post-gazette.com/stories/business/news/us-report-predicts-rising-natural-gas-prices-in-2013-14-669602/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/business/news/us-report-predicts-rising-natural-gas-prices-in-2013-14-669602/
The average price of natural gas is expected to increase by almost a dollar in AND said suggests greater rig efficiency in extracting more gas from a single location.
And, shale gas is physically and economically unsustainable—continued reliance dashes expectations of future supply Heinberg, 10/22/12Richard, He is Senior Fellow-in-Residence of the Institute and is widely regarded as one of the world’s foremost Peak Oil educators, He has authored scores of essays and articles that have appeared in such journals as Nature, The Ecologist, The American Prospect, Public Policy Research, Quarterly Review, Z Magazine, Resurgence, The Futurist, European Business Review, Earth Island Journal, Yes!, Pacific Ecologist, and The Sun; and on web sites such as Alternet.org, EnergyBulletin.net, TheOilDrum.com, ProjectCensored.com, and Counterpunch.com.¶ He has appeared in many film and television documentaries, including Leonardo DiCaprio’s 11th Hour, is a recipient of the M. King Hubbert Award for Excellence in Energy Education, and in 2012 was appointed to His Majesty the King of Bhutan's International Expert Working Group for the New Development Paradigm initiative, “Gas Bubble Leaking, About to Burst”, http:~/~/www.postcarbon.org/blog-post/1262435-org/blog-post/1262435-gas-bubble-leaking-about-to-burst
In those early days almost no one wanted to hear about problems with the shale AND millions of cars and trucks to run on gas, now ring hollow.
The impact is price spikes Maize, 12/1/12“Is Shale Gas Shallow or the Real Deal?”, Kennedy, Veteran Journalist¶ Kennedy Maize has spent the past 40 years working as a journalist, analyst, and manager in the private sector and federal government, with over 35 years of that focused on energy and environmental topics. Over that time, he has seen myriad examples of how group think, policy fads, and bad judgment can result in colossal failures, particularly in the field of atomic energy. Maize has seen, up close and personal, the demise of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, the arrival of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the birth of the U.S. Department of Energy, the failures of nuclear flight, the hubris of atomic earthmoving, the boom and bust uranium market, the birth and death of breeder reactors, and the 60-year wandering in the wilderness of nuclear waste policy. After graduating from Penn State and graduate study at the University of Maryland, Kennedy Maize worked for newspapers in Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia and the Associated Press in Baltimore. He then spent five years in management at the National Institute of Health and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission before taking a job covering energy, environment, and business topics for Editorial Research Reports, a division of Congressional Quarterly, where his work appeared in over 1,000 daily newspapers in the U.S. during the mid-to-late 1970s. Maize became a staff writer and editor at The Energy Daily, a preeminent energy trade paper, on March 28, 1979, the day the Three Mile Island accident began outside Harrisburg, Pa. Over more than 10 years at The Energy Daily, he covered the nuclear and coal industries, including stories involving the Clinch River Breeder Reactor, the U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corp., the Powder River Basin coal leasing scandal, and the Chernobyl explosion. In 1993, he founded The Electricity Daily, where he was the editor for 14 years, writing about changes in the electricity business, the rise and fall of Enron, the stagnation of the nuclear power business, and the arrival of market forces in the utility field. Since 2006, he has been an editor at POWER magazine, and the founder of MANAGING POWER magazine, where he has written about the Fukushima catastrophe, the emergence of shale gas and decline of coal, and the often ill-advised push for renewable electricity technologies¶ http://www.powermag.com/gas/Is-Shale-Gas-Shallow-or-the-Real-Deal_5188.html
In an interview with POWER, Berman argued that the boom in drilling shale gas AND be gas-coal switching if prices do go much higher than now.”
Prefer our data collection—our authors account for drilling history and use an academic gold standard for resource estimation Hurdle, 12/3/12 Jon, Citing Berman, qualls above, AOL Energy, “Are US Shale Gas Resources Overstated? Part 1”, http:~/~/energy.aol.com/2012/12/03/are-us-shale-gas-resources-overstated-part-1/?icid=com/2012/12/03/are-us-shale-gas-resources-overstated-part-1/?icid=trending1
A forthcoming book argues that the country's shale gas plays contain only about a quarter AND AOL Energy. "There is definitely less gas than the propaganda says."
Maintaining low prices through adequate supply is key to lock in a massive economic benefit—that galvanizes key industries Pirog and Ratner, 12 November, Congressional Research Service, Natural Gas in the U.S. Economy:Opportunities for GrowthRobert PirogSpecialist in Energy EconomicsMichael RatnerSpecialist in Energy Policy, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42814.pdf
Expanded supply, coupled with lownatural gas prices, has the potential to contribute to AND , would need to be changed to a more market-oriented method.
Robust domestic production is key to manufacturing growth—that’s the basis for economic recovery Duesterberg, 12 Tom is Executive Director of the Manufacturing and Society in the AND from Indiana University, “Impact of the Energy Boom on US Manufacturing”, http:~/~/www.aspeninstitute.org/about/blog/org/about/blog/impact-energy-boom-us-manufacturing
The manufacturingsectorhas been leading theUS economic recovery since the end of the Great Recession in AND renewable energy—manufacturing uses 90 percent more renewables than the transportation sector.
Manufacturing loss cascades throughout the economy Pisano and Shih, 12 September, Producing Prosperity: Why America Needs a Manufacturing Renaissance Kindle Edition, Harry E. Figgie Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. He has been on the Harvard faculty for 23 years, Professor of Management Practice. He joined the Technology and Operations Management Unit in January 2007, p. amazon kindle
The rough and tumble of international competition means we should expect industries to come and AND the dominant source of the lithium ion battery cells used in electric vehicles.
Natural gas production directly correlates with growth and innovation—unique spillover effects Carey, 12/13/12 Julie M, Julie M. Carey is an energy economist with Navigant Economics who provides consulting and testifying services Navigant’s unconventional oil and gas offerings include advisory services for strategic business decision analysis, construction risk management, economic and antitrust analyses, investment banking and restructuring advisory services, and expert services for disputes and investigations, “How Unconventional Oil And Gas Is Supercharging The U.S. Economy”, http://www.forbes.com/sites/energysource/2012/12/13/how-unconventional-oil-and-gas-is-transforming-the-u-s-economy/
It’s an exciting time to be in the energy industry in America. The impact AND infrastructure build out and related opportunities(including both direct and indirect jobs).
Domestic manufacturing is key to overall resilience Ettlinger, 11 Michael, Vice President for Economic Policy at the Center for¶ American Progress Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic¶ Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network.¶ Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute¶ on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of¶ the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise¶ of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf
Manufacturing is critically important to the American economy. For generations,¶ the strength of AND us vulnerableto everything from¶ exchange rate fluctuations totrade embargoes to natural disasters.
The impact is nuclear war Harris and Burrows, 9 – *counselor in the National Intelligence Council, the principal drafter of Global Trends 2025, **member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”, Washington Quarterly, http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_burrows.pdf)
Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is AND a constantly volatile economic environmentas they would be if change would be steadier. In surveying those risks, the report stressed the likelihood that terrorism and nonproliferation will AND the absence of economic outlets that would become narrower in an economic downturn. The most dangerous casualty of any economically-induced drawdown of U.S. AND more focus on preemption rather than defense, potentially leading to escalating crises. Types of conflict that the world continues to experience, such as over resources, AND within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.
There’s a strong statistical basis Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict AND not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
The second impact to domestic manufacturing is tech innovation Pisano and Shih, 12 September, Producing Prosperity: Why America Needs a Manufacturing Renaissance Kindle Edition, Harry E. Figgie Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. He has been on the Harvard faculty for 23 years, Professor of Management Practice. He joined the Technology and Operations Management Unit in January 2007, p. amazon kindle
In 1950, manufacturing represented 27 percent of US gross domestic product (GDP) AND outside the United States will see the analogies to their own situations.¶ And
And, tech innovation de-escalates conflict and deters great power balancing Mark Zachary Taylor(Ph.D. candidate, lecturer, and research assistant in the Department of Political Science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 2004“The Politics of Technological Change: International Relations versus Domestic Institutions” http://web.mit.edu/polisci/research/wip/Taylor.pdf
Technological innovation is of central importance tothe study of international relations (IR), affecting AND and war, international systems would not exist in the first place.19
And, this internal link is consistent with centuries of hegemonic transitions Daniel Drezner(professor of international politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University) 2001“State structure, technological leadership and the maintenance of hegemony” http://www.danieldrezner.com/research/tech.pdf
In this decade, proponents of globalization argue that because information and capital are mobile AND leading to a period of strife until a new hegemonic power is found.
And, hegemony is key to conflict de-escalation and transnational cooperation Brooks, et al, 13 Don't Come Home, America: The Case AND Volume 37, Number 3, Winter 2012url:http://muse.jhu.edu.proxy.lib.umich.edu/journals/international_security/toc/ins.37.3.html, p. Project Muse
¶Assessing the Security Benefits of Deep Engagement¶ Even if deep engagement's costs are AND disengaged—even as it pushes cooperation toward U.S. preferences.
Unipolarity is comparatively less violent—primacy stops war and re-intervention Busby, 12 Get Real Chicago IR guys out in force, Josh, Assistant Professor of Public Affairs and a fellow in the RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community Service as well as a Crook Distinguished Scholar at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law. http:~/~/duckofminerva.blogspot.com/2012/01/html
Is Unipolarity Peaceful? As evidence, Monteiro provides metrics of the number of years AND that makes other states insecure, even though they can't balance against it.
1ac solvency
Offshore gas is abundant Luthi, 11/9/12 Luthi is the president of the National Ocean Industry Association, representing more than 275 companies engaged in all aspects of the exploration and production of both traditional and renewable energy resources on the nation’s outer continental shelf, “Let's find agreement on new offshore access”, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-a-environment/267089-lets-find-agreement-on-new-offshore-access
Now that the election is (finally) behind us, President Obama has an AND is waiting for us there, because we’re not allowed to go look.
And, the plan creates certainty for offshore production—balances supply Griles 3 Lisa, Deputy Secretary, Department of the Interior, “Energy Production on Federal Lands,” Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate
Mr. GRILES. America’s public lands have an abundant opportunity for exploration and developmentof AND from and buy, so they can have certainty about where to go.
And, restrictions key – alters market dynamics Medlock, 8 Medlock is a fellow in Energy Studies at Rice University's James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy and an adjunct assistant professor in the Economics com/?controllerName=searchandaction=searchandchannel=opinion%2Foutlookandsearch=1andinlineLink=1andquery=%22Economics+Department%22 at Rice, “Open outer continental shelf”, http://www.chron.com/opinion/outlook/article/Open-outer-continental-shelf-1597898.php
A confluence of factors is responsible for the recent price run-up at the AND the United States and lessen the influence of any future gas producers' cartel.
And, that sustains low prices and ensures adequate supply Hastings, 12 House Representative Doc, Republican Washington, President Obama's offshore drilling plan must be replaced, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-a-environment/239529-president-obamas-offshore-drilling-plan-must-be-replaced
Though President Obama uses lofty rhetoric to claim support for American oil and natural gas AND , or support using American energy tocreate American jobs and strengthen America’s economy.
Only offshore development can keep domestic prices down Pirog, 12 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics CRS, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40645_20120210.pdf
Natural gas markets differ from the oil marketin that they are not global, but AND less competitive in a market environment dominated¶ by onshore shale gas development.
Nearly 100 new projects are capable of development Paul Hillegeist et al(President and COO at Quest Offshore Resources, Inc, Sean Shafer, Project Director, Andrew Jackson, Project Manager, Leslie Cook , Senior Research Consultant) December 2011“The State of the Offshore U.S. Oil and Gas Industry” http://energytomorrow.org/images/uploads/Quest_2011_December_29_Final.pdf
If drilling permits going forward were to be issued at pre‐moratorium rates, AND to the nation in terms of energy security, employment and government revenue.
OCS doubles our capacity Baker Institute, ‘8 (Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Baker Institute Policy Report, January 2008, “Natural Gas in North America: Markets and Security,” http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/30064519/study-lift-u-s-drilling-restrictions-avoid-international-lng-cartel)//CC
As might be expected, the lower requirements for LNG under this scenario stem from AND 0.10 tcf by 2015 and 0.93 tcf by 2025.
Otherwise, restrictions crush predictability and timing of projects Curry L. Hagerty(Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy at the Congressional Research Service) June 15, 2010“Outer Continental Shelf Moratoria on Oil and Gas Development” http://crs.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/10Jul/R41132.pdf
One legacy of congressional moratoria is their impact on the timing of possible OCSdevelopment. AND restrictions were defensible in the absence of more permanent alternatives for similar leasing prohibitions
Case
Economics predictions are accurate Hands, 84 Douglas, W. department of economics at Puget sound, “What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg Source: Philosophy of Science”, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Sep., 1984), pp. 495-503, p. jstor 1. Economic Predictions. Much of Rosenberg's discussion is directed toward explaining the " AND its predictive failings are not as great as Rosenberg would have us believe.
The complexity thesis is wrong-~--makes policymaking impossible Dr. Sebastian L. V.Gorka et al 12, Director of the Homeland Defense Fellows Program at the College of International Security Affairs, National Defense University, teaches Irregular Warfare and US National Security at NDU and Georgetown, et al., Spring 2012, “The Complexity Trap,” Parameters, http:~/~/www.carlisle.army.mil/USAWC/parameters/Articles/2012spring/Gallagher_Geltzer_pdf We live in a world of unprecedented complexity, or so we are told. AND obsession with complexity results in a dangerous denial of the need to strategize.
Role of the Ballot
And, imagining scenarios, even if unlikely or flawed is a pre requisite to good analysis – the aff isn’t a research paper, just dismiss poorly constructed impacts Wimbush, 08 – director of the Center for Future Security Strategies (S. Enders, senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and the author of several books and policy articles, “A Parable: The U.S.-ROK Security Relationship Breaks Down”, Asia Policy, Number 5 (January 2008), 7-24) What if the U.S.-ROK security relationship were to break down? AND , with luck avoidinghaving to say: “I never thought about that.”
And, simulation is good -- the process is transformative, which requires communication to judges, not people Hanghoj 2008 – PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark (Thorkild, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf)
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s pragmatism as a “theory of situated creativity” AND the contingent outcomes and domain-specific processes of problem-based scenarios.
Permutation do the plan AND
Combining different research methodologies is the only good option – perm solves better than the neg’s framework alone Onwuegbuzie and Leech 2k5 (Anthony J. and Nancy L. “On Becoming a Pragmatic Researcher: The Importance of Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodologies” http:~/~/www.ibl.liu.se/student/aps-sociologi/losp-2-dokument/1.320864/pdf) The last 100 years have witnessed a fervent debate in the USA about quantitative and AND so doing, students will develop into what we term as pragmatic researchers.
The claim that research method should come first conflates method and epistemology – it’s divisive and stupid Onwuegbuzie and Leech 2k5 (Anthony J. and Nancy L. “On Becoming a Pragmatic Researcher: The Importance of Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodologies” http:~/~/www.ibl.liu.se/student/aps-sociologi/losp-2-dokument/1.320864/pdf) The quantitative versus qualitative contest has often been so divisive that manysocial and behavioural science AND so doing, students will develop into what we term as pragmatic researchers.
And, things don’t come first Jackson, associate professor of IR – School of International Service @ American University, ‘11 (Patrick Thadeus, The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations, p. 57-59)
Perhaps the greatest irony of this instrumental, decontextualized importation of “falsification” and AND Lakatosian19 model of science (James 2002, 67, 98–103). The bet with all of this scholarly activity seems to be that if we can AND goal that, ironically, Popper and Kuhn and Lakatos would all reject. And, default to the specificity of the 1ac arguments – epistemology not first Kratochwil, 08 Friedrich Kratochwil is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Columbia University, Pragmatism in International Relations “Ten points to ponder about pragmatism” p11-25 First, a pragmatic approach does not begin with objects or ‘things’ (ontology AND ‘tests’ concerning which ‘theory’ allegedly explains best a phenomenon under investigation. And, their framework hinders the development of effective change Wagner 2k5 (Anne, “Unsettling the academy: working through the challenges of anti-racist pedagogy” Race Ethnicity and EducationVol. 8, No. 3, September 2005, pp. 261–275) Another way in which the pedagogue may begin to establish the climate of the classinvolves AND rather than transcending all tensions and contradictions, to arrive at universal truths.
And, policymaking can be productive – allows comprehensive problem solving Jarvis, 2k Daryl, Lecturer in Government at the University of Sydney, “International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism”, pages 128-130 Perhaps more alarming though is the outright violence Ashley recom-mends in response to AND talcen care of these ontological dilemmas that otherwise seem to preoccupy Ashley.40 Risk
The communication of risk doesn’t result in alarmist over reaction – default to the 1ac’s specific scenario construction which is based on reasoned evidence – deliberation and debate prevent negative communication and the registering of infinity Kurasawa, 04 Fuyuki Kurasawa is Assistant Professor of Sociology at York University,¶ Toronto, and a Faculty Associate of the Center for Cultural Sociology at Yale¶ University. He is the author of The Ethnological Imagination: A Cross-Cultural¶ Critique of Modernity (2004), Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention¶ and the Work of Foresight, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK, http:~/~/www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa%20Articles/Constellations%20Article.pdf IV. Towards an Autonomous Future¶ Up to this point, I have tried AND must be made, starting with us, in the here and now.
And, economic analysis is valuable – provides theories useful for policy debates Beabout, 08 Gregory R. is an adjunct fellow of the Center for Economic Personalism and Associate Professor of Philosophy at Saint Louis University Challenges to Using the Principle of Subsidiarity for Environmental Policy; 5 U. St. Thomas L.J. 210 (2008) Economics offers many insights into how the world around us works, much more than AND short, tradeoffs matter, and we need to pay attention to them.
And, the 1ac’s rhetoric is important – key to mobilize movements capable of addressing harm Dabelko 97 – director, Environmental Change and Security Project (Geoffrey, Environment and Security, SAIS Review 17.1, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sais_review/v017/17.1dabelko.html)
Undoubtedly, environment and security research, rhetoric, and activities--and the sobering AND the vibrant debates concerning environment and security matters will continue to be instructive. Paths of Glory Every study of credible social theories concludes consequentialism is good-~--Scientific studies of biology, evolution, and psychology prove that deontological proclivities are only illogical layovers from evolution Greene 2010 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf) What turn-of-the-millennium scienceis telling us is that human moral AND religion, they don't really explain what's distinctive about the philosophy in question. Affirming survival doesn’t devalue life – life is complex and malleable and can be celebrated even when it seems oppressive Fassin, 10 - James D. Wolfensohn Professor in the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, as well as directeur d’études at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris. (Didier, Fall, “Ethics of Survival: A Democratic Approach to the Politics of Life” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, Vol 1 No 1, Project Muse) Conclusion Survival, in the sense Jacques Derrida attributed to the concept in his last interview AND state, during the colonial period as well as in the contemporary era. However, through indiscriminate extension, this powerful instrument has lost some of its analytical AND risk is therefore both scholarly and political. It calls for ethical attention. In fact, the genealogy of this intellectual lineage reminds us that the main founders AND physical lifeinto a political instrument or a moral resource or an affective expression. But let us go one step further: ethnography invites us to reconsider what life AND in its multiple forms but also in its everyday expression of the human. State-centric discourse doesn’t legitimize the state Frost 96 – IR Professor, King’s College (Mervyn, Ethics in International Relations, p 89-90, AG)
We are not condemned to critical impotence if we accept that the answer to the AND away as misconceived. There are several such objections which must be confronted.
And, arguing for pragmatic change is good – it is life affirming May 5 (Todd, Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University, September 2005, “To change the world, to celebrate life,” Philosophy and Social Criticism, Vol. 31, No. 5-6) For those among us who seek in philosophy a way tograpple with our livesrather than AND The question then becomes one of how to choose both sides at once. State inevitable and key to access the AFf
And, other external factors prove the status quo is structurally improving Goklany 9—Worked with federal and state governments, think tanks, and the private sector for over 35 years. Worked with IPCC before its inception as an author, delegate and reviewer.Negotiated UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.Managed the emissions trading program for the EPA.Julian Simon Fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center, visiting fellow at AEI, winner of the Julian Simon Prize and Award. PhD, MS, electrical engineering, MSU. B.Tech in electrical engineering, Indian Institute of Tech. (Indur, “Have increases in population, affluence and technology worsened human and environmental well-being?” 2009, http:~/~/www.ejsd.org/docs/HAVE_INCREASES_IN_POPULATION_AFFLUENCE_AND_TECHNOLOGY_WORSENED_HUMAN_AND_ENVIRONMENTAL_pdf) Although global population is no longer growing exponentially, it has quadrupled since 1900. AND per capita, and the prevalence of malnutrition (Goklany 2007a, 2007b). Perm do the alt And, escalating conflict outweighs structural violence – and their prioritization of structural violence makes war avoidance impossible Boulding 78 Ken, is professor of economics and director, Center for Research on Conflict Resolution, University of Michigan, “Future Directions in Conflict and Peace Studies,” The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 22, No. 2 (Jun., 1978), pp. 342-354 Galtung is very legitimately interested in problems of world poverty and the failure of development AND , increases with every improvement in technology, either of war or of peacex
Byrne and Toly are wrong – some consumption is inevitable – we reform it and result in a more sustainable solution Doran and Barry 6 – worked at all levels in the environment and sustainable development policy arena - at the United Nations, at the Northern Ireland Assembly and Dáil Éireann, and in the Irish NGO sector. PhD--AND-- Reader in Politics, Queen's University School of Politics, International Studies, and Philosophy. PhD Glasgow (Peter and John, Refining Green Political Economy: From Ecological Modernisation to Economic Security and Sufficiency, Analyse and Kritik 28/2006, p. 250–275, http://www.analyse-und-kritik.net/2006-2/AK_Barry_Doran_2006.pdf) The aim of this article is to offer a draft of a realistic, but AND as a conditioning factor in the pursuit of the economic ‘bottom line’.
Plan solves coal switching Reuters 9/12 (9/12/12, “Coal power to drive U.S. emissions higher next year: report,” http:~/~/www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/12/com/article/2012/09/12/us-usa-coal-emissions-idUSBRE88B1IM20120912, RBatra)
U.S. fossil fuel emissions will rise 2.8 percent next year AND coal emissions will increase by 8.5 percent, the report said.
Turns structural violence impacts Zelman 11 Joanna, The Huffington Post, "Power Plant Air Pollution Kills 13,000 People Per Year, Coal-Fired Are Most Hazardous: ALA Report", 3/15, www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/14/power-plant-air-pollution-coal-kills_n_833385.html The American Lung Association (ALA) recently released a new report on the dramatic AND respiratory illnesses connected to pollutant emissions totaled over $185 billion per year.
And, no impact – impossible to actualize an alternative system Jones 11—Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/ht My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001 AND of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose. Abandoning nature causes extinction Soulé 95– Natural Resources Professor, California (Michael and Gary Lease, Reinventing Nature?, p 159-60, AG)
The decision has already been made in most places. Some of the ecological myths AND , management is the only viable alternative to massive attrition of living nature.
natural gas acts as a bridge fuel—spurring broad renewable development Ju 12 – Anne Ju (senior science writer for the Cornell Chronicle) July 17, 2012 “Study Proves Natural Gas Can Bridge the Gap to a Clean Energy Economy” http:~/~/oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/html
Natural gas is a good transition step on the road to greener energy sources like AND fuels is equally beneficial in percentage terms no matter how fast the transition.” The system’s sustainable Kaletsky ’10 (Anatole, Masters in Economics from Harvard, Honour-Degree Graduate at King’s AND Washington correspondent of the Financial Times and a business writer on The Economist, The world did not end. Despite all the forebodings of disaster in the 2007 AND Napoleonic Wars of 1803– 15. Hence the title of this book.
Consumption is inevitable – reducing resource consumption will lead to consumption of other goods – that results in resource production Wapner and Willoughby, 5 (Paul, Associate Professor and Director of the Global Environmental Politics program, School of International Service at American University, and John, Professor of Economics at American University, Chair of the Department of Economics, “The Irony of Environmentalism: The Ecological Futility but Political Necessity of Lifestyle Change,” Ethics and International Affairs, Volume 19, Issue 3, December 2005, pg. 77-89, Wiley Online Library, pdf, Tashma) Considering what would happen if a group of environmentalists decided to cut back on their AND protecting the environment through campaigns to change individual consumption patterns.
If Time And, Engagement with technocracy is more effective than passive rejection Jiménez-Aleixandre, professor of education – University of Santiago de Compostela, and Pereiro-Muñoz High School Castelao, Vigo (Spain), ‘2 (Maria-Pilar and Cristina, “Knowledge producers or knowledge consumers? Argumentation and decision making about environmental management,” International Journal of Science Education Vol. 24, No. 11, p. 1171–1190)
Ifscience education and environmental education have as a goal to developcritical thinking and to promote AND decision making; for this purpose the acknowledging of multiple expertise is crucial.
And, no root cause of conflict – prefer proximate explanations for violence Moore 4—chaired law prof, UVA. Frm first Chairman of the Board of the US Institute of Peace and as the Counselor on Int Law to the Dept. of State (John, Beyond the Democratic Peace, 44 Va. J. Int'l L. 341, Lexis,)
If major interstate war is predominantly a product of a synergy between a potential nondemocratic AND in general, happens when levels of deterrence are dramatically increased or decreased?
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| 01/27/2013 | Pitt RR Round 6Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: – the 1nc’s presentation wasn’t exclusive with anything that the 1ac has said -~-- the inclusion of Appalachian identity is necessary because its exclusion creates an incomplete picture of different identity categories – the combination of methodologies is bestScott 2010 (Rebecca R, Removing Mountains: Extracting Nature and Identity in the Appalachian Coalfields. U of Minnesota Press) Especially important to this analysis are heteromasculinity and whiteness, which I am considering not AND for the role of place and other cultural forms in determining their experiences. – for example, as an undocumented migrant, or secret homosexualVila ‘5, Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Texas at San Antonio, 2005 Pablo, "Border Ethnographies," Ethnography at the Border, Ed. Pablo Vila, p. xxviii-xxxiii
At the same time, some of the problems related to the intertwining of the AND positions (deviant or not) and can intertwine them with their ethnographies. The process of simulation lets students test different strategies without the real stakes of implementation – this is transformativeHanghoj 2008 – PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark (Thorkild, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf)
Joas’ re-interpretation of Dewey’s pragmatism as a “theory of situated creativity” AND the contingent outcomes and domain-specific processes of problem-based scenarios. And, this vision of debate isn’t exclusive with discussions of personal experience – our model of debate draws on distinct and intersecting claims that improves life regardless of goalsShulman, 09 president emeritus – Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Lee S, Education and a Civil Society: Teaching Evidence-Based Decision Making, p. ix-x These are the kinds of questions that call for the exercise of practical reason, AND , and heart all play a significant role in the lives of citizens.
And, simulation is effective in developing knowledge – no other technique creates the exploration of possible alternative futuresEijkman 12 The role of simulations in the authentic learning for national security policy development: Implications for Practice / Dr. Henk Simon Eijkman. electronic resource http:~/~/nsc.anu.edu.au/test/documents/Sims_in_authentic_learning_pdf(% style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial" %). DrHenk Eijkman is currently an independent consultant as well as visiting fellow at the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy and is Visiting Professor of Academic Development, AnnasahebDange College of Engineering and Technology in India. As a sociologist he developed an active interest in tertiary learning and teaching with a focus on socially inclusive innovation and culture change. He has taught at various institutions in the social sciences and his work as an adult learning specialist has taken him to South Africa, Malaysia, Palestine, and India. He publishes widely in international journals, serves on Conference Committees and editorial boards of edited books and international journal
However, whether as an approach to learning, innovation, persuasion or culture shift AND contains a detailed description, in table format, of the synopsis below.
First, it says that rising travel costs are leading to the exclusion of middle class and rural schools – voting NEG doesn’t meaningfully resolve that –the AFF results in more inclusion, because it allows the voices of Appalachian people to be a meaningful part of the discussion of energy policy – it tries to rectify the chasm that currently exists in debateFine, 13 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/todd-fine/qatar-conference-on-schol_b_2429645.html
Meanwhile, the National Association of Urban Debate org||target="_hplink" (NAUDL), a nonprofit headquartered AND total numbers in policy debate dwindle, are hard to find at all.
And, no impact to Fine, he says that alternative forms of debate exist that aren’t as complex - this doesn’t mean PF should replace policy, his argument is solely that debate needs more persuasive approaches – public forum fills that gap – policy debate doesn’t have to be everything at onceFine, 13 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/todd-fine/qatar-conference-on-schol_b_2429645.html
Not only do these changes make it difficult for this American style of debate to AND the subject of heated, yes, debate by figures in the community).
| |
| 02/09/2013 | Northwestern Cites NoteTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: if you need anything, email me at alexanderdpappas@gmail.com | |
| 02/10/2013 | Wind ITC affTournament: Northwestern | Round: 7 | Opponent: Georgetown AM | Judge: Advantage 1 warming | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Rd 2 1AC Natural GasTournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Emory CM | Judge: Miro-Chin, Murray, Duffy Plan The United States Federal Government should reduce restrictions on offshore natural gas extraction in the United States. 1ac Prices ADVANTAGE ONE IS PRICES Shale is terminally unsustainable – conventional gas key to avert price spikes and domino effects across the industry Shale gas has recently come onto the gas market in the US via use of And, that ensures catastrophic price spikes In an interview with POWER, Berman argued that the boom in drilling shale gas And, demand increases make a shock inevitable – corresponding supply key A rise on the supply side would generally reduce prices, especially if the number And, supply expansion locks in economic advantage through multiple sectors Expanded supply, coupled with low natural gas prices, has the potential to contribute Natural gas industry maintains growth and sustains manufacturing It’s an exciting time to be in the energy industry in America. The impact Robust domestic production is key to manufacturing The manufacturing sector has been leading the US economic recovery since the end of the Manufacturing’s key to resilience Manufacturing is critically important to the American economy. For generations, the strength of Manufacturing loss cascades through the economy The rough and tumble of international competition means we should expect industries to come and Nuclear war Increased Potential for Global Conflict Growth solves war—strong studies Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict Advantage two is Science Science leadership prevents extinction and facilitates overall diplomacy Less appreciated is how scientific progress facilitates diplomatic strategy in the long run, how Legitimacy’s key to global stability The emergence of peer competitors, not terrorism, presents the greatest long-term The 2 main reasons why liquid helium is vital for research are: 1) Reliable helium supply key to semiconductors Helium's unique physical and chemical properties have made it critical to the manufacture of semiconductors Stops EMP Attacks In addition to ensuring the reliability of the existing stockpile, testing has other important Extinction EMP is not just a threat to computers and electronic gadgets, but to all Helium abundance key to particle acceleration Helium - the second lightest element in the universe with an atomic weight of 4 Solves nuclear testing, stockpile stewardship, and arms control From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the Global nuclear war Then the international arms control and non- proliferation regimes collapsed. Americans weren't bothered Plan solves impending shortages Helium is likely to move from a derived product of natural gas production in the Only conventional gas solves – shale gas doesn’t cut it Most shale gas contains no helium - helium diffuses through the shale - and to Shortages coming now – no slack capacity There have been planned and unplanned maintenance outages at natural gas processing plants, as Solvency! Offshore gas is abundant and ensures economic growth – lifting the moratorium solves Until recently, Congressional and Presidential leasing moratoria have withdrawn from production oil and natural The plan creates certainty for offshore production—manages supply expectations Mr. GRILES. America’s public lands have an abundant opportunity for exploration and development And, that sustains low prices and supply – not enough legal areas Though President Obama uses lofty rhetoric to claim support for American oil and natural gas 85% is off limits now Now that the election is (finally) behind us, President Obama has an And, restrictions key – alters market dynamics A confluence of factors is responsible for the recent price run-up at the Only offshore development can keep domestic prices down Natural gas markets differ from the oil market in that they are not global, Nearly 100 new projects are capable of development If drilling permits going forward were to be issued at pre‐moratorium rates, Otherwise, restrictions crush predictability and timing of projects One legacy of congressional moratoria is their impact on the timing of possible OCS development OCS doubles our capacity As might be expected, the lower requirements for LNG under this scenario stem from | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Rd 2 2AC Immigration PoliticsTournament: ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: emory cm | Judge: miro-chin, murray, duffy Terrorists rely on the internet too much to attack it In truth, although catastrophic computer attacks are not entirely inconceivable, the prospect that Not top of the docket, won’t pass, and Obama’s not spending the PC XO solves Gun control thumps Border security kills PC not key | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Rd 2 2AC Arctic Drilling DATournament: ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: emory cm | Judge: miro-chin, duffy, murray Not only states are playing for position in the Arctic. The large oil and 97% of resources are already covered by legal agreements – they’re not launching nukes for the other 3% As to energy policy the members of the Arctic «five» have preferential rights This impact is all hype The strategic implications of steadily melting Arctic ice. It’s is one of | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Rd 2 2AC Uranium Prices DATournament: ndt ` | Round: 2 | Opponent: emory cm | Judge: miro-chin, murray, duffy The brutal police crackdown marks the darkest hour in the former Soviet republic’s young history Uranium not key – diversified economy Economy - overview: No Kazak escalation Yet when brutal violence broke out in one of the CSTO member countries, Kyrgyzstan Prices low now and decline inevitably Economy diversifying now – uranium not key | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Rd 2 2AC Helium Adv CPTournament: ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: emory cm | Judge: miro-chin, duffy, murray Perm do the cp Natural gas key – 1ac carey and ettlinger say it is key to economic resilience – corporate tax doesn’t solve which inpiut costs are the internal link to. CP causes uncertainty Doesn’t create new supply that is key CP causes price spikes However, many helium industry insiders say they are already experiencing instability, largely as CP links to politics and can’t solve In the 1990s, a controversy erupted as the reserve accumulated a sizable stockpile of Conditionality is a voting issue for deterrence – straightjackets the 2ac by forcing illogical argumentative interactions, undermines the depth of education and kills advocacy skills – Methane release inevitable – only extraction solves extinction | |
| 03/29/2013 | NDT Rd 2 2AC Leases CPTournament: ndt | Round: 2 | Opponent: emory cm | Judge: murray, miro-chin, duffy Perm the Secretary of the Department of the Interior should do the plan CP solves none of the case - the problem is that supply is currently restricted - maintaining expectation is key to the economy Their link shielding card is total horse shit
Quote from immediately above Perm do the CP The entire thesis of the counterplan is wrong and it would collapse production The basic premise is that American oil and gas companies are “sitting” on The vast majority of idle leases don’t have energy or are already in production What sense would it make for profit-maximizing oil companies like Exxon Mobil to I explained last year why the administration’s line of reasoning is flawed:¶ “Use | |
| 1 | 03/29/2013 | NDT NOTESTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Sorry for any inconvenience, |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Rnd 5 New 1acTournament: | Round: | Opponent: NU LV | Judge: Advantage 1: Environment Domestic ground water pollution causes extinction Groundwater is extremely important because it is a source of clean drinkable water for human So does air pollution Air pollution can make life unsustainable by harming the ecosystem upon which all life depends Soil depletion causes extinction Topsoil is crucial to agriculture. This first step-creating and conserving healthy soil Livestock agriculture is the key link—drives all forms of persistent pollution—biogas solves it as well as methane emissions In the United States livestock animals produce over one billion tons of manure annually That’s sufficient to solve runaway warming—ground-level emissions key Scientists face difficult challenges in predicting and understanding how much our climate is changing. Extinction The consequences of a methane-driven oceanic eruption for marine and terrestrial life are Animal waste is key—proper treatment prevents antibiotic resistance and epidemic spread You may be familiar with many of the problems associated with concentrated animal feeding operations Extinction Senate Majority Leader Frist describes the recent slew of emerging diseases in almost biblical terms 1ac Adv 2 Farms vulnerable now—energy input costs weaken US agriculture—plan’s key to resilience Rapidly rising costs for energy and agricultural inputs produced from non-renewable sources pose Ag collapse causes extinction In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning Small farms solve extinction There is a future for small farms. Or, to be more precise, Plan solves monocultures Energy crops for biogas production are cultivated according to the requirements and obligations of traditional Extinction Agricultural biodiversity embraces the living matter that produces food and other farm products, supports 1ac Adv 3 Advantage 3: California Initial federal funding is key to viability and cost-competitiveness—stimulates the California dairy industry which is critical to their economy Like other pioneering renewable energy technologies, the production and distribution of dairy biomethane is The plan sustains California growth and it’s reverse causal—federal commitment is key Although these certainly are steps in the right direction, much more needs to be Can’t delay—demand is increasing and imports are tenuous—now is key The production, transmission and cost of energy continue to be a central issue to California key to US and global econ Will the California budget crisis tip the United States into recession? The California economy Global war Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is Strong Californian economy bolsters military-industrial innovation But the real issue is this: people "inside the Beltway" sometimes seem The current wave of defense cuts is also different than past defense budget reductions in Multiple hotspots make defense manufacturing key --- these go nuclear Since the 1950s, the US defense industrial base has been a source of long But perhaps greater than the economic disruption in the lives of the workforce and their 1ac solvency IRS mechanism key to solvency Tax credits are an attractive policy mechanism for biogas projects because they may provide an Methane digesters solve but federal government assurance is key to handle startup cost The dairy farm industry can't stop talking about the potential of cow power. But Other actors fail—federal government key to scale of leverage and tech viability Public policy can play an important role in the development of a biogas industry in The plan solves—gotta change the US tax structure Renewable gas offers numerous potential benefits for the United States: • It is another The argument that renewable energy tax incentives should be scrapped because such policies “pick Recycling tech makes it cost competitive In a project sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of the Environment, Alantum Europe Federal incentives are key Experts say such fiscal enticements from the federal government are needed for biogas to become California has huge potential | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Rnd 5 Plan TextTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Rnd 5 2ACTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Even a mild pandemic collapses the global economy and kills millions Summary: If an influenza pandemic struck today, … more needs to be done by institutions at many levels of society. THE golden age of antibiotics, the 20th Century's … misuse of antibiotics is threatening us all." cali Cali econ brink now AT: T Natural Gas Renewable natural gas, biomethane and regular natural gas are the same thing Biomethane refers to the gas produced by …, biomethane is also called renewable natural gas or green gas. Contextual evidence—definitionally it’s “natural gas” According to the latest scientific research on the matter, … unpredictable chemistry may take place. Counter-interp—energy production must come from substances chemically equivalent to topical categories—we meet that Supplies of natural gas can be progressively … than half of the gas used in a fleet of some 15,000 NGVS. AT: T Tax Credit Financial incentives include tax-incentives to leverage private sector resources Counter-interpretation—only direct incentives—includes tax credits but excludes indirect mechanisms Production high now – supply isn’t the barrier to expanded LNG Relations are impossible and won’t result in cooperation Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton doffed her … once again. Host Scott Simon speaks with the U.S. ambassador to Russia, Michael McFaul, about Sunday's elections in Russia. Exports impossible – DOE and economics Qatar takes out the link – already out competing Russia Exports key to Japan and SOKO economy Japanese economic decline destroys the global economy and risks nationalism and nuclear war States can’t amend the IRS tax code – that is exclusively under federal authority – that’s key to enhanced regulatory certainty and stable investment climates = that’s Bilek – the CP can’t cause scale up Private entities won’t get on board FERC sets rates and implements regulations through independent system … a digester developer should have to initiate the utility contracting process. NY campaign finance reform now Cuomo’s PC is finite PC key Modeled nationally Impact is the econ 2ac neolib No alt – the system is sustainable – Alt doesn’t solve the case – institutional focus key No impact – every credible measure proves the world is getting better now Alt causes transition wars 2ac tax da No corporate tax impact Studies suggest that lower tax rates won't boost … code might create more waste not less. The effective rate is already too low In 2011, U.S. corporations paid a 12.1 percent … below the statutory level, and close to the global statutory average. 2ac immigration da Deal was reached right before this debate Alternative causalities are mentioned in their article – drug policy and Cuba Gun control thumps So does Perez Obama pushing infrastructure alongside the rest of his agenda – causing massive GOP backlash PC is academically bankrupt, not key to immigration and winners win Obama’s energy policy disproves the link and the plan’s popular WASHINGTON – A bipartisan group of 29 Senators and … traditional financing approaches to energy projects, making them highly effective at attracting private investment. Investors in renewable energy projects, however, have been explicitly prevented from forming MLPs, starving a growing portion of America’s domestic energy sector of the capital it needs to build and grow. A more detailed white paper on the MLP Parity Act can be found here: http://coons.senate.gov/mlp Senators Jon Tester (D-Mont.), Al Franken (D-Minn.), Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.), Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.), Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.), Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), Michael Bennet (D-Colo.), Scott Brown (R-Mass.), Tom Harkin (D-Iowa), Mark Begich (D-Alaska) and Mary Landrieu (D-La.) have cosponsored the Senate version of the legislation. The MLP Parity Act has been endorsed by the American Wind Energy Association, Third Way, Solar Energy Industries Association, Biomass Power Association, Biotechnology Industry Organization, Ocean Renewable Energy Coalition, American Council on Renewable Energy, Natural Resources Defense Council, Advanced Biofuels Association, Offshore Wind Development Coalition, the Advanced Ethanol Council, Silicon Valley Leadership Group, International District Energy Association, and Environmental Entrepreneurs. | |
| 03/30/2013 | NDT Rnd 5 1ARTournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Prefer us—we still include core mechanisms like grants loan guarantees etc—but include tax debates which is the core of controversy over private funding The plan is a financial incentives—solves all their wacky examples—their evidence draws a distinction but there’s no reason why that’s the only useful one Many studies have considered the benefits and … percentages of energy come from renewable sources. TARGETED credits key DSIRE includes the aff DSIRE organizes incentives and policies that promote … have developed (or have supported the development of) model wind ordinances for use by local governments. DSIRE is the best source for incentive definitions The Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (… to the database, thereby providing a complete and comprehensive database of renewable energy incentives at all levels—national, state, and local. yes disease Co-evolution is wrong The outcome of this marriage, however, is not as clearly defined …may be truly capable of eradicating the human race. at: deficit impact No impact For three years and more, policy debate in Washington … that’s why budget office projections show the nation’s debt position more or less stable over the next decade. | |
| 03/31/2013 | NDT R7 WInd Aesthetics 1ACTournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Aesthetic considerations guide public opposition to wind power development – they’re seen as ugly because they offend aesthetic norms for landscape and natureMiles 8 (Brian, "PUTTING AESTHETICS IN ITS PLACE IN THE VERMONT WIND POWER DEBATE" https://library.uvm.edu/jspui/bitstream/123456789/146/1/BrianMiles-Thesis-.pdf) As studies by Warren et al. (2005) confirm, and others have Legal and political opposition is similarly informed by aesthetic criteria – upholding a beautiful landscape means opposing windBlinder 9 (Dana, "Wind Power: Clean, Renewable, but Too Ugly for Some" A recent bill proposed in North Carolina seeks to eliminate large-scale wind turbines It’s even prohibited on National Scenic TrailsVann 12 ~February 1, 2012, Adam Vann, "Legislative Attorney "Energy Projects on Federal Lands: Leasing and Authorization~ As with oil, gas and geothermal leasing, not all federal lands are available It’s no accident that the Forest Service uses the phrase "scenic integrity." Metanarratives of scenery dating back to the 16th century label wind farms as ugly. This concept of scenery has its roots in transcendent ideals of beauty and their political implicationsBrittan 9 ~1/16/9 Environmental %26 Architectural Phenomenology Newsletter, "Fitting Wind Power to Landscape: A Place-Based Wind Turbine", Gordon G. Brittan, Jr., Brittan is a farmer-rancher and professor of philosophy at Montana State University~ Wind turbines somehow do not "fit" in the landscape. From one point This strategy is mirrored in current wind power debates – both sides think that their aesthetic perceptions of wind power are objectively correctGood 6 ~Justin Good received a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Boston University and has taught at the University of Connecticut and Emerson College "The Aesthetics of Wind Energy" Human Ecology Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006~ And so we reach the same dialectical impasse that is¶ being reached across the This political strategy of exclusion based on aesthetics mirrors the way that political practices operate – It’s no surprise that the dominant group is the one that gets to affirm beauty – this has historically been used as a tool to marginalize other bodiesCraig 2k6 (Maxine, "Race, beauty, and the tangled knot of a guilty pleasure" Feminist Theory 2006 7: 159) Discourses of race and beauty are often intertwined. Racist ideologies commonly promote the appearance We repudiate strategies that apply beauty standards to political or social contexts, as it applies to wind, as it applies to energy, as it applies to politics, and as it applies to even interaction itself.Vote aff to affirm the politics of ugliness.Beauty as a concept allows for exclusionary violence. Our rejection is a social function to reclaim aestheticsMingus 2011 (Mia, Full text of a keynote address for the Femmes of Colour symposium, queer physically disabled woman of color, korean transracial and transnational adoptee writer and organizer "moving towards the ugly" http://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/2011/08/22/moving-toward-the-ugly-a-politic-beyond-desirability/-http://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/2011/08/22/moving-toward-the-ugly-a-politic-beyond-desirability/) As femmes of color—however we identify—we have to push ourselves to Beauty is defined by difference—it requires ugly as a condition of existence—this value structure manifests in intersecting forms of oppressionKuhne 2010 (Thomas "Struggling for Beauty: Body Aesthetics and Social Conflict in Modern History" Beauty matters. That it matters can be easily measured by the amount of money Our engagement with ugliness should be understood within the context of unease with non-normative aesthetics – recognition of the POWER of ugliness pushes back against cultural norms of shunning – the 1ac isn’t a reclaiming of beauty but rather an affirmation of uglyDevereaux 2k5 (Mary, Ph.D., is a philosopher in the Research Ethics Program at the University of California, San Diego "The Ugly" http://www.aesthetics-online.org/articles/index.php?articles_id=24-http://www.aesthetics-online.org/articles/index.php?articles_id=24) Ugliness is a topic largely neglected by aestheticians. This neglect no doubt has many Even if beauty is good, we should reject its objective imposition – we identify, in solidarity with objects and beings marked as ugly alikeCraig 2k6 (Maxine, "Race, beauty, and the tangled knot of a guilty pleasure" Feminist Theory 2006 7: 159) In 1968 inside the convention centre in Atlantic City, fifty women competed to be | |
| 03/31/2013 | NDT R7 2AC vs WhitenessTournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Schlagvote aff to affirm the imperfections of the 1AC against a cult of beauty – this is about the aesthetics of argumentSchlag, ’2 ~Pierre, Dheidt’s Real Father/BFF and Byron White Professor of Law, University of Colorado School of Law, "Commentary: The Aesthetics of American Law" 115 Harv. L. Rev. 1047~ The various aesthetics, as suggested, are more or less conducive to various 2ac at: performative pedagogyPerformative pedagogy fails in the context of a competitive debate — there is no rigorous criteria for deciding whether or not we have sufficiently "performed" our pedagogyMedina and Perry ’11 Mia, University of British Columbia, Carmen, Indiana University "Embodiment and Performance in Pedagogy Research: Investigating the Possibility of the Body in Curriculum Experience" Journal of Curriculum Theorizing Volume 27, Number 3, 2 http://www.academia.edu/470170/Embodiment_and_performance_in_pedagogy_The_possibility_of_the_body_in_curriculum The negative’s performance of black perspectivism and the necessity of situated positionality is cooptes as an elite tool for immiseration — evaluate the debate as if the speakers are anonymousGur-ze-ev, 98 - Senior Lecturer Philosophy of Education at Haifa, (Ilan, "Toward a nonrepressive critical pedagogy," Educational Theory, Fall 48, http://haifa.academia.edu/IlanGurZeev/Papers/117665/Toward_a_Nonreperssive_Critical_Pedagogy-http://haifa.academia.edu/IlanGurZeev/Papers/117665/Toward_a_Nonreperssive_Critical_Pedagogy) From this perspective, the consensus reached by the reflective subject taking part in the Root CauseAesthetic exclusion is the root cause of racismPontynen 2k2 (Arthur, "THE AESTHETICS OF RACE VERSUS THE BEAUTY OF HUMANITY" Debate KeyPublic spaces are key – performative embrace of ugliness shapes the debate space through disrupting and deconstructing binaries existing in arguments and performances in the activity nowPrzybyło 2010 (Ela, currently completing a PhD in Women’s Studies at York University, "The Politics of Ugliness" http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_180322_en.pdf-http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_180322_en.pdf) Second, ugliness may be deployed strategically, through an active and exaggerated performance New Aff’s Lead to UncertaintyThe idea that our argument cannot and should not change—uncertainty and adapting your arguments is PART OF BEING UNCOMFORTABLE—their criticism of new affs is an independent voter because it trades off with our ability to STEP OUTSIDE OUR COMFORT ZONE by reading something like thisSholock 12 – Chatham University However, something profound happens in The Color of Fear that troubles the epistemological arrogance DischOur claim that you can’t reduce our identity to a 9 minute speech is NOT the view from nowhere—they are the other side of the coin by claiming their anti-privilege gives them an a priori insight on realityDISCH ’93 (Lisa J.; Professor of Political Theory – University of Minnesota, "More Truth Than Fact: Storytelling as Critical Understanding in the Writings of Hannah Arendt," Political Theory 21:4, November) SubotnikDon’t be fooled—their authenticity tests are just as strategically motivated and self-serving as ours because we’re both trying to WIN AN NDT debate—however, we have offense against their application of this as a reason they don’t have to dispute the value of affirming uglinessSubotnik 1998 – professor of law, Touro College, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (7 Cornell J. L. %26 Pub. Pol’y 681) Having traced a major strand in the development of CRT, we turn now to 2ac taylorRegardless of the beneficial movement politics attached to their speech act the attempt to prioritize their own bodies through negation is deeply narcissistic. If you don't have a clear idea of what saying no the aff means you should use the permutation as a concrete challenge to the canonization of aesthetic hierarchies. Identifying with the 1AC as a symbolic action to promote humane social orders is a reason to vote aff that should frame your ballotTaylor, ’98 ~Clyde R. Taylor, film scholar and literary/cultural essayist, is Professor at the Gallatin School and in Africana Studies, New York University. His publications include Vietnam and Black America and the script for Midnight Ramble, a documentary about early Black independent cinema."The Mask of Art—breaking the aesthetic contract"~ No form of discursive irony is more important to this analytical frame¬work than radical resistance |
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