Tournament: Kentucy | Round: 2 | Opponent: ASU | Judge:
Heidegger’s focus on Being dematerializes the relationships of class and labor by making them secondary to questions of language – Alienation ceases to be an outcome of material relations making resistance impossible

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 62-64)

The cultural turn naturalizes the anti-labor … the objectivity of material labor.

The disruption of totality and truth for the sake of injecting difference into the social sphere makes a class based analysis impossible

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 48-49)

To put it differently, the newest phase … Truth of other cultural practices.

The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system

Zizek and Daly in 4

 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that …in an otherwise sound matrix.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative for their ontological inquiry into the topic and instead endorse a historical materialist approach

Historical materialism provides the necessary tools for understanding the laws of historical development necessary to fundamentally re-shape society towards meeting its basic needs and abolish exploitation  

Cornforth, 52

Maurice, British Marxist Philosopher, Historical Materialism, Volume 2 in Dialectical Materialism, 1952, pgs 27-29

The materialist conception that …requirements of the whole of society.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: ASU | Judge:
 

Note: Versus a Heidegger Aff

 The affirmative is grounded in the universality of being, focusing on presence and absence.  Ontological difference does not precede sexual difference.  Assuming being is universally prior to other differences falls into the same exclusion of the feminine perpetuated by metaphysics.

Ingram in 2k8 (Penelope, Associate Professor The Signifying Body Toward an Ethics of Sexual and Racial Difference,)

Irigaray is not alone in recognizing …groundless—as opening or absence. xxiii-xxiv

The equation of thinking with Being articulates ontology within an arc of sameness-the closure of the concepts is meant to found Being as a universal category.  This foundationally closes off the possibility of understanding sexual difference, and merely replicates the elimination of difference inherent in metaphysics.

Anne van Leeuwen in 2k8, Women in Philosophy Annual Journal of Papers, Volume 4, Identity and (sexual) difference, http://www.newschool.edu/nssr/wip/pdfs/volume04/vanleeuwen.pdf

While we have just attempted to … otherwise than within sameness.

Our alternative is to reconceptualize Being starting with the fluidity of sexual difference as at least two

An ethics of sexual difference forms the basis for all encounters with Others.  We must recognize that our sex means we can never complete ourselves as representative of humans, we can only encompass half of humanity at best.  This originary ethics is foundational.

Schwab in 98 (Gail, Diacritics 28.1, p 76-92, sexual difference as model:  an ethics for the global future, project muse)

For Irigaray, the way out of the … between differently constituted subjects.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard | Judge: 

1NC

The world is characterized by unavoidable complexity – attempts to simplify that complexity through Newtonian models does not provide a coherent method for dealing with modern problems. Only a recognition of complexity in our research solves.

Ang 2011 Ien, Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, Australia  “Navigating complexity: From cultural critique to cultural intelligence,” Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies Vol. 25, No. 6, December 2011, 779–794

It is a truism now to …, non-simplistic ways of dealing with it?

Instrumental rationality is a form of cultural violence that masks and justifies actual outbursts of violence – the social imaginary of modernity is predicated on Newtonian understandings of the social that impose a singular view of the world, this makes dehumanization, racism, and war banal and inevitable

Chwastiaka and Lehmanb in 2008(Michele University of New Mexico, Anderson School of Management, United States, Glen, School of Accounting, University of South Australia, “Accounting for war,” Accounting Forum,Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 313–326)

Many peace researchers argue … with expansionistic logic of capitalism.

Ontology founded on complexity is key to ethics – it puts us in a position of humility that rejects Newtonian grids for ordering alterity and allows the complexity of alterity to disclose itself to us through interrelationships with the world and other systems.

Woermann 2010, Minka “A Complex Ethics: Critical Complexity, Deconstruction, and Implications for Business Ethics,” Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Stellenbosch, December, google scholar

In developing an ethical conscience… of all aspects of the system.

Reject mechanistic understandings of the world – complexity is a key methodological corrective to Newtonian approaches that stunt social scientific research and render its conclusions irrelevant and useless to solve modern problems.

Law and Urry 2010, John and John, 'Enacting the Social', republished on heterogeneities.net, original from 2005, Economy and Society, 33: (3), 390-410. Online.

In the mid-1990s the Gulbenkian …very processes of global change.66

Climate

Environmental policy has been dominated by a Newtonian ontology that exists to ensure the conditions for industrial expansion – even the transition to localized environmental policy is overwritten with universals of capital and management that must be dealt with, not changed.

Bavington in 2011(Dean, , “Environmental History During the Anthropocene,” Environmental History in , March 27, http:~/~/www.deanbavington.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/pdf)

The above instrumental approach to … appear everywhere throughout history

Doubling global nuclear power output only reduces global warming by 5%. Aff can’t solve

Green in 09 (Jim, Friends of the Earth, Australia, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Generation 4' Reactors”, http:~/~/www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw)

'Integral fast reactors' and … Australia's emissions by just 4%.

Nuke power can’t solve warming – coal will still dominate

Squassoni 8 – Sharon, Senior Associate, Nonproliferation Program -- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 3-12, “The Realities of Nuclear Expansion” Congressional Testimony: House Select Committee for Energy Independence and Global Warming, Washington, DC

In 2004, Princeton scientists Stephen …; and an aging labor force.

Construction of new reactors causes warming – trades off with energy efficiency

Roche* 7 – *Site editor, no direct author given, but N02 Nuclear Power.org is a site created and run by Pete Roche who is an energy consultant based in Edinburgh and policy adviser to the Scottish Nuclear Free Local Authorities, and the National Steering Committee of UK Allsup-Garcia Neg Pete was co-founder of the Scottish Campaign to Resist the Atomic Menace (SCRAM), he has represented Greenpeace at international meetings and is active in several other areas relating to environmental protection and nuclear power http://www.no2nuclearpower.org.uk/reports/Opportunity_Costs_Nuclear.pdf, January 2007 “Opportunity Costs of Nuclear Power

Introduction The opportunity cost of … by a large and rising margin.

Leadership

Nuke Leadership now – The United States is the “Gold Standard” for nuclear energy

(Domenici and Miller, BPI report, September 2012)

Pete V. Domenici, Former U.S. Senator and Bipartisan Policy Center Senior Fellow and Dr. Warren F. “Pete” Miller, Former Department of Energy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets” Bipartisan Policy Institute, September 2012, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Nuclear%20Report.PDF, accessed September 29, 2012.

Nuclear power already …international fuel-cycle issues.

Comparatively nuclear energy is the worst for manufacturing – no internal link to competitiveness.

Tom Burke, Tony Juniper, Jonathon Porritt, Charles Secrett et al 04/20/12, ( British campaigner, writer, sustainability advisor and leading environmentalist recognised among other activities for his work as Executive Director of Friends of the Earth, England, British environmentalist and writer, environmental activist, head of Friends of the Earth England, “The Wider Economic Impacts of Nuclear Power”. http:~/~/www.jonathonporritt.com/sites/default/files/users/BRIEFING%204%20%20Wider_economic_impacts_20_April%20%202012.pdf, google, 09/12/12)

The more ‘capital intensive’ an …all forms of electricity generation.

Incentives rely on a model of human behavior that is predicated on neoliberal subjectivity of rational but morally responsible calculative agents. This is a fallacious understanding of human agency that ensures the aff’s technocratic and moralistic attempts will fail.

Bavington 2002  Dean, “Managerial ecology and its discontents: exploring the complexities of control, careful use and coping in resource and environmental management,” Environments 30.3 2002, 3-21

The most influential complex systems … ecology applied to resource management.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: MSU | Judge:
Energy production and use is predicated on an ontological enframing of the earth as standing reserve to be extracted and stored for use without end.

Backhaus 2009 April 20, Gary, Loyola College in Maryland, Department of Philosophy “Automobility: Global Warming as Symptomatology,” Sustainability 1, 187-208, online

The twentieth-century philosopher … themselves from its clearing.

Environmental policy has been dominated by a Newtonian ontology that exists to ensure the conditions for industrial expansion – even the transition to localized environmental policy is overwritten with universals of capital and management that must be dealt with, not changed.

Bavington in 2011(Dean, , “Environmental History During the Anthropocene,” Environmental History in , March 27, http:~/~/www.deanbavington.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/pdf)

The above instrumental approach to … appear everywhere throughout history

The loss of Being that defines our historical epoch shapes the dominant social imaginary through instrumental reasoning – this denies intrinsic value to other beings and the natural world which legitimates the practices and institutionalization of war, structural violence, and environmental destruction 

Chwastiaka and Lehmanb, 2k8

Michele University of New Mexico, Anderson School of Management, United States, Glen, School of Accounting, University of South Australia, “Accounting for war,” Accounting Forum,Volume 32, Issue 4, December 2008, Pages 313–326

Many peace researchers argue that … with expansionistic logic of capitalism.

Vote negative to let being be – this is a direct negation of the willful and violent power of machination that understands power and violence as intrinsic characteristics of being. Releasement from the violence of will allows the earth to disclose itself to us in a totally new ontological context.

Joronen 2011, Mikko, “Dwelling in the Sites of Finitude: Resisting the Violence of the Metaphysical Globe,” Antipode Vol. 00 No. 0, online

According to the first sense …earth emerge on their own (see Armstrong 2008; de Beistegui 2007:8, 16; ˇ Ziˇzek 2006:282–283)

The enactment of a new historical possibility beyond the violence and environmental destruction of machination can only be articulated through thoughtful confrontation with the history of being as an alternative to neutral and disinterested evaluation of instrumental actions

Nelson, 2k7

Eric, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts-Lowell, History as Decision and Event in Heidegger, UDK 398.21 930.1, 2007

“The historical does not denote a …articulated in his earlier thought.

Tournament: UNT | Round: Octas | Opponent: Baylor BB | Judge: 

K

There is always a new nuclear technology that can save us all-this serves to mask over the cultural memory of nuclear accidents, and render uncontestable the ‘expertism’ of the nuclear industry.

Ken Cunningham Penn State Harrisburg and Holly Angelique Penn State Harrisburg in 10 ( MELTDOWN OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST AND THE NEED FOR AN ENGAGED PUBLIC SPHERE: A CRITICAL (RE-) INTERPRETATION OF THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT THREE MILE ISLAND,  HUMANITY and SOCIETY, 2010, VOL. 34 (February: 64-88))

However, Bush Administration initiatives … essential counterbalance to these tendencies.

Risk is an ideological construction signifying anxiety over our inability to ever achieve a complete understanding of reality.  This is part of the ever-present trauma of modernity where risk is embedded in everyday life and extinction is an ontological specter.

Michael Gunder in 8 University of Auckland, New Zealand, Ideologies of Certainty In a Risky Reality:  Beyond the Hauntology of Planning, Planning Theory, vol 7 (2): 186-206.

In the wider social science literature, … of the cosmopolitan state (Beck, 2004, 2005b; Ekberg, 2007).

Their construction of terrorists as a nameless, faceless, amorphous enemy is an ideological fantasy which allows for terror to be cast as the universal signifier for all social evils, which any amount of violence can be mobilized against.

Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, 2002, Welcome to the Desert of the Real!, p. 109-111

The lesson to be learnt here — from … universal equivalent of all social evils.

Security only retains meaning when it exists dialectically with insecurity – an Other must always be produced which is then demonized and feminized to allows the masculine central state tame the ‘anarchic world’ of international relations

Burke in 2007(Anthony, University of Adelaide, “Beyond Security, Ethics, and Violence: War against the Other”, Page 51-52)

This critique of security’s Cartesian … could it ever be escaped?

The framework of economic competitiveness is self-defeating – by framing all interactions in terms of profitability it places everyone into a Darwinian struggle for survival in which war and environmental destruction are inevitable. Economic success is an unending process that demands constant efforts to beat out competitors.

Joronen 2010, Mikko “The Age of Planetary Space,” UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, department of geography, online

As a monolithic economic tradition … that have accelerated the globalization of Gestell.

De-politicization does not eliminate antagonism in the name of consensus-it merely drives it underground and fuels increasingly uncontrolled structural violence

Erik Swyngedouw in 11 Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester,  Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces,  Political Geography 30 (2011)

While a consensual view refuses … we shall turn to next.

Structural violence outweighs – appeals to subjective outbursts of violence masks the underlying invisible causes of that violence, only the alt solves

Žižek in 8

Slavoj, senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology @ Univ. of Ljubljana, Violence, p. 1-2

If there is a unifying thesis … be "irrational" explosions of subjective violence.

Alternative- reject the affirmative plan even in the face of their crisis politics.  This radical act disrupts the fantasy of a market driven managerial state as political, and creates space for new political imaginaries based on socio-ecological equality

Erik Swyngedouw in 11 Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester,  Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces,  Political Geography 30 (2011)

Third, the proper response to … reality that we must choose sides”

Block

2. Our interpretation is that the judge should take up the role of analyst and investigate the psychological investment of the aff in the politics of the status quo is a prior question to short term impact analysis and policy discussion. Interrupting the fantasy of the 1AC key to solve.

Mark Bracher, 1994, associate professor of English and associate director of the Center for Literature and Psychoanalysis at Kent State University, “On the Psychological and Social Functions of Language: Lacan's Theory of the Four Discourses,” Lacanian Theory of Discourse Subject, Structure, and Society Edited by Mark Bracher et al, 123-128

The Discourse of the Analyst It is thus the … currents of which we are ignorant.

d. Capitalism produces insecurity and makes global conflict inevitable- it creates massive social upheaval by transferring wealth from poor to rich, which spills over and drives international crises

Goodman in 9, James,  Senior Lecturer at the University of Technology, Sydney, Rethinking Insecurity War and Violence, edited by Grenfell and James, http://www.scribd.com/doc/68230825/4/Global-capitalism-and-the-production-of-insecurity

The shrouding of Guernica is … insecurity dilemmas in theWar on Terror. 44-45

The structure of capitalism makes ecological catastrophe inevitable

Foster in 2009(John Bellamy, Professor of Sociology at Oregon, “The Ecological Revolution,” Page 14-15)

It has become commonplace today… which there is no earthly escape.

And even if they win that scientific approaches have some value our analysis is backed by neuroscience

Kristeva in 89 (Julia; fucking badass; Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia)

To mention one last time … likely to enrich interpretative discourse. 38-40

Their demand for scientific data and method is a product of today’s cult of science – even as science actively produces more risks through miscalculation, new technologies, and all out threat construction they demand we defer our criticism and put our faith in science to eventually put an end to civilization’s discontents – this is symptomatic of a denial of the death drive.

Glynos in 2

Jason; “Theory and Evidence in the Freudian Field: from observation to structure”; Lacan and Science; ed Jason Glynos and Yannis Stavrakakis; p. 13-14

There can be little doubt that … liberal democratic societies.

Tournament: UNT | Round: Quarters | Opponent: WGU | Judge: 

1NC

Aff trades off with challenging geopolitical structures that make oppression possible – they ultimately legitimate the power of the sovereign to give or take rights in the context of energy policy

Rifkin in 2009(Mark, Assistant English Professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, “Indigenizing Agamben: Rethinking Sovereignty in Light of the “Peculiar” Status of Native Peoples,” Cultural Critique, No 73, Fall)

Presenting Indians as bare life—dying … and assert themselves as autonomous collectivities.

Sovereignty is built upon a paradox where it administers and exists prior to the law. The goal of this sovereign is to efface the fact that a void exists that delegitimizes the authority to decide. This forgetting of our foundation has allows massive atrocities to occur based upon the self-legitimized notion that the sovereign has the capacity to administer violence against all those that exist outside the nation state.

Burke in 2002(Anthony, University of Adelaide, “The Perverse Perseverance of Sovereignty”, Borderlands, Vol 1, No 2)

16. More recently a range of … these refugees are being treated.' (Howard cited in Burke 2001: 323; Wadjularbinna 2002)

There is no solution to the violence of sovereign power within modernity.  Instead, we should begin a new conception of politics by starting with forms-of-life.  This is a recognition of life for its own sake, not as an instrument of law and politics.  Only the refusal to tie life to law can prevent the biopolitical catastrophe

Agamben in 98  (Giorgio, Prof of Philosophy at Verona, Homo Sacer)

It is on the basis of these uncertain … an unprecedented biopolitical catastrophe. p 104-105

Alt solves case – analysis of the violence of sovereignty challenges the normative framework of us indian policy as such.

Rifkin in 2009(Mark, Assistant English Professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, “Indigenizing Agamben: Rethinking Sovereignty in Light of the “Peculiar” Status of Native Peoples,” Cultural Critique, No 73, Fall)

What I have sought to do, … and institutional structures of the settler-state. End Page 115

Block

Link means no solvency for the aff

Rifkin in 2009(Mark, Assistant English Professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, “Indigenizing Agamben: Rethinking Sovereignty in Light of the “Peculiar” Status of Native Peoples,” Cultural Critique, No 73, Fall)

As I have been suggesting, then… Native peoples are made to signify.

Affirmatives focus on restriction trades off with a discussion of the metapolitical authority at the heart of sovereignty

Rifkin in 2009(Mark, Assistant English Professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, “Indigenizing Agamben: Rethinking Sovereignty in Light of the “Peculiar” Status of Native Peoples,” Cultural Critique, No 73, Fall)

While the decisions seem to … projection generated by, and dependent on, the "peculiar"-ization of Native peoples.

Tournament: UTD | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Texas | Judge: 

1NC

Class is the driver of all social and existential conditions – even desire is determined by our material class conditions. Only emancipation from the status quo modes of production can enact any form of human freedom

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p.ix-xii)

Class is everywhere and nowhere. It …it, "estranges the species from man" (276).

We must maintain a dialectical separation between humans and nature – absent this we can never understand the metabolic relationship that is disturbed by the onslaught of capital

Foster, 2k11

John Bellamy, Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Capitalism and the Accumulation of Catastrophe, Monthly Review, December 2011

The argument that I have advanced …historic movement to reverse the course of destruction.

Object oriented ontology is incapable of understanding the social organization of commodities under productive forces – it is the enactment of labor that makes the commodity exist.

Wolfe, 2k12

Ross, University of Chicago, On Commodities and the False Liberation of the Object, June 19^th, 2012, http:~/~/rosswolfe.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/on-commodities-and-the-false-liberation-of-the-object/http://rosswolfe.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/on-commodities-and-the-false-liberation-of-the-object/

In other words, if I may draw … plumping enthusiasticaly for the other. Abstrakte Negation. No Glasnost for me, I’m afraid.

The disruption of metaphysical tropes and binary oppositions is both a self-defeating endeavor and a strategy which obliterates the necessary analytics to understand the class structure at the heart of capitalism

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 50-51)

The cultural tum's claim to be an … that "there is nothing outside of the text" (Derrida, Of Grammatology 158).

The affirmative makes commodity fetishism natural by assigning agency for objects – its overly empirical analysis precludes an analysis of the social forces that produce it

Wolfe, 2k12

Ross, University of Chicago, On Commodities and the False Liberation of the Object, June 19^th, 2012, http:~/~/rosswolfe.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/on-commodities-and-the-false-liberation-of-the-object/http://rosswolfe.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/on-commodities-and-the-false-liberation-of-the-object/

Utisz hits the nail on the head … become identical, to become total.

Capitalism fundamentally disrupts human and natural ecologies-its increasing expansion objectifies subjects making racism and extermination inevitable

Noah De Lissovoy in 08 Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 19, Issue 1, 2008  Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 19, Issue 1, 2008,  Dialectic of Emergency/Emergency of the Dialectic

Capital cannot escape the necessity … functions in accordance with the demands of capital.23

The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of a historical materialist approach to understanding energy and capitalist relations

Class consciousness must be the starting point, and it can only work with the dialectical method-their abandonment of the totality of economic relations dooms any revolutionary practice to failure

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)

Class consciousness is the 'ethics* … deeds and through our deeds. p42-43

The fear of essentialism opens up room for conservative dogma that there is no alternative to the capitalist order and class based oppression – they create a negative essentialism that presumes the presence of an absence in all structures.

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 11-14)

"For us," 1. K. Gibson-Graham write, … an essentialism of the negative.

Capitalism only requires a cheap source of labor to exist – it can always accommodate new subjective identities

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. xvi)

No doubt the fear of marginalization … instruments of labor, more or less expensive" (Manifesto of the Communist Party 53).

All human societies develop a metabolic relationship with nature whereby we take what we need to subsist and provide once again for sustainability – capitalism has severed this relationship by affirming a desire of process that exhausts all resources. Only a revolution which restores this metabolic relationship solves

Foster in 2009(John Bellamy, Professor of Sociology at Oregon, “The Ecological Revolution,” Page 175-180)

When working on Capital in the early … development within historical social formations.

Block

The cultural turn that the affirmative purports is not an original or authentic movement against the status quo but is a response to class relations that protects the economic interests of the ruling class by smoothing over social tensions

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 29-31)

The cultural tum, we argue, is not …capital's war against the labor movement.

Perm can’t solve – focus on the aff trades off with challenging economic exploitation.

Ebert in 95, (Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Rethinking Marxism
 Association for Economic and Social Analysis, vol 8 no 2, The Knowable Good--Post-al Ethics,
 the Question of Justice and Red Feminism, index found here, http:~/~/www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/gr/gsce/d/rm.htm#95url:http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/gr/gsce/d/rm.htm#95, article here, http:~/~/www.geocities.com/redtheory/AO/html )

What is of primary concern in …he outcome of an eschatological historiography.

The dislocation of human subjectivity as having special characteristics prevents class analysis

Wolfe, 2k12

Ross, University of Chicago, On Commodities and the False Liberation of the Object, June 19^th, 2012, http:~/~/rosswolfe.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/on-commodities-and-the-false-liberation-of-the-object/http://rosswolfe.wordpress.com/2011/06/19/on-commodities-and-the-false-liberation-of-the-object/

The “liberation” of anything …, but for the society that utilizes them.

Class consciousness must be the starting point, and it can only work with the dialectical method-their abandonment of the totality of economic relations dooms any revolutionary practice to failure

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)

Class consciousness is the 'ethics* …deeds and through our deeds. p42-43

Rejecting the totality of capitalism closes off an understanding of how production orders society.  This prevents any coherent understanding of either capitalism or resistance, allowing the system to expand rapidly as philosophy is devoid of meaning and radically localized.

Zavarzadeh in 95 (Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, post-ality: Marxism and postmodernism, post-ality the (dis)simulations of cybercapitalism)

Situated between the conservative theorists …"science" (and its various applications as technology) and "consumption.” 5-8

Understanding economics and society as totalizing is the key methodological point of departure for understanding class relations

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)

Marx*s dictum: "The relations of production … their relation to society as a whole. 7-8

Tournament: Pitt Round Robing | Round: 7 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge: C. Wunderlich
Round 3: Vs. MSU HR, with Rashad Evans as the Judge
1NC Positions:
1NC On Case Args:
2NC Extended Args:
New 2NC Impacts or Args:
1NR Args:
2NR Strat:

Round 6: Vs. Oklahoma LM, with LaToya Williams-Green as the Judge
1NC Positions:
1NC On Case Args:
2NC Extended Args:
New 2NC Impacts or Args:
1NR Args:
2NR Strat:

Round 7: Vs. Michigan DH, with Carly Wunderlich as the Judge
1NC Positions:
Trauma K > structural violence outweighs, compulsion to action is the link, Alt is to reject the plan in face of their crisis politics and embrace new political imaginaries.
Warming - doesn't solve infrastructure emissions, can't put enough reactors up, climate change will reach apocalyptic point in 16 years.
Leadership - U.S. is already outpacing other countries, prolif won't happen. 

1NC On Case Args:

2NC:

Warming - extend that it is physically impossible to get enough reactors to solve, so can't solve in 3-4 years. Aff can't get trade-off in time. Need to decrease production levels in order meet reduction levels, means won't build nuclear power plants. 

Nuke Leadership -We need to engage in dialectic with other countries. Aff positions that U.S, has some how better than other countries. Can't solve back wars like Israel ststiking Iran.

K - 1) Framework - aff is an imaginary, don't evaluate impact before evaluating construction, 3) The aff must defend theoretical implications of the plan, 4) K is a reorientation of debate because K impacts predicated upon a particular politico-socio construction of the imaginary, 4) asinine to believe that fossil fuel companies will do anything but maintain squo until we run into the ground, 5) would have to sever out of aff in order to justify perms,  6) politicization only occurs when take structure and are willing to criticize them.

1NR Args:

K - 1) AT: Rat. choice > self-interested behavior trades off with cooperative behavior, 2) Bio-logical determinism means no freedom of choice, 3) evolutionary theory explains behavioral dispositions, still no free choice, 4) don't have a reason why alt. leads to fascism, 5) alt. allows a politicization of the problematic system, 6)apocalyptic rhetoric not good, cross-apply 1NC evidence, e.g. talking about the disaster of capitalism universalize the tenets of capitalism, 6)the K is not a critique of environmental managerialism, it is a critique of the failure to politicize the system, 7)have to take value assumptions into political analysis, 8)

2NR Strat:
Warming - conceding .5 reduction is massive loss, loss in consumption means can't produce power plants. 3-4 years is too slow. Keep all options on table means no tradeoff
Leadership - the paradox is an easy way out, decrease uranium consumed which drives down costs, which means demand rises and mining increases, so can't solve impact.
K - 1) Rationality - the aff has no reason why people act rationally, have to prioritize emotions because people react to trauma, 2) we just have to win a risk that alt. solves, 2) our consumption patterns dive warming, and consumption is driven by production, 3) uranium is used to abuse power, 4) aff's depoliticization of the threat by focus on new technologies will mean they lose because they don't solve root cause, 5) prestige issue, trying to maintain one's image in the international arena, 6) all this analysis is reason why the perm is severance - they have no reason why aff is a paradigm shift, 7) will allow aff to weigh impacts, but it is a question of prioritization of evaluation.

Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: MSU | Judge: Evans

1NC

There is always a new nuclear technology that can save us all-this serves to mask over the cultural memory of nuclear accidents, and render uncontestable the ‘expertism’ of the nuclear industry.

Ken Cunningham Penn State Harrisburg and Holly Angelique Penn State Harrisburg in 10 ( MELTDOWN OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST AND THE NEED FOR AN ENGAGED PUBLIC SPHERE: A CRITICAL (RE-) INTERPRETATION OF THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT THREE MILE ISLAND,  HUMANITY and SOCIETY, 2010, VOL. 34 (February: 64-88))

However, Bush Administration initiatives …counterbalance to these tendencies.

The affirmative invokes Nature as an ontological foundation that we can bring back into balance.  This ignores the multitude of Natures and subjective nature of its meaning.  Nature stands in for our repressed fears and fantasies-it is an object around which we shape our drives.  This de-politicizes ecology as it places Nature as an objective entity outside of politics.

Erik Swyngedouw in 11,  Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Depoliticized Environments: The End of Nature, Climate Change and the Post­Political Condition,  Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement / Volume 69 / October 2011 , pp 253-274 DOI: http:~/~/dx.doi.org/10.1017/1017/S1358246111000300

In Ecology without Nature, Timothy Morton … markers of such socio-natural processes.

De-politicization does not eliminate antagonism in the name of consensus-it merely drives it underground and fuels increasingly uncontrolled structural violence

Erik Swyngedouw in 11 Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester,  Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces,  Political Geography 30 (2011)

While a consensual view refuses “to legitimize … that we shall turn to next.

Structural violence outweighs – appeals to subjective outbursts of violence masks the underlying invisible causes of that violence, only the alt solves

Žižek in 8

Slavoj, senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology @ Univ. of Ljubljana, Violence, p. 1-2

If there is a unifying thesis that …"irrational" explosions of subjective violence.

Their response to ecological trauma is based in repression – we never question the symbolic constitution of the social order until symptoms appear such as nuclear waste – absent the alt we fall into denial.

Woolbright in 11 (Lauren; MA English @ Clemson U; WOUNDED PLANET, WOUNDED PEOPLE: THE POSSIBILITY OF ECOLOGICAL TRAUMA; Scholar)

The delay of the expression of …, and the cycle rolls on.

Failure to confront the traumatic dimension of subject formation and the social order produces a depoliticized form of politics based on the fantasy that ontological wholeness is possible – not only does this negate the contingent foundations of political order but it makes acts of violence and aggression inevitable

Edkins, 2k3

Jenny, Sr. Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Wales-Aberystwyth, Trauma and the Memory of Politics, 2003

As I have argued elsewhere, the … complete, closed social order.

Alternative- reject the affirmative plan even in the face of their crisis politics.  This radical act disrupts the fantasy of a market driven managerial state as political, and creates space for new political imaginaries based on socio-ecological equality

Erik Swyngedouw in 11 Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester,  Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces,  Political Geography 30 (2011)

Third, the proper response to the … that we must choose sides”

Block

We must begin with trauma - psychological phenomena show up in the public sphere with us and alter the functioning of politics

McAfee, 2k8

Noelle, Associate Research Professor of Philosophy and Conflict Analysis at George Mason, Democracy and the Political Unconscious, 2008

I will draw on the tropes of … their destructive work.

Their focus on technological challenges of energy management in public policy directly trade off with the socio-political challenges of governing transitions through democratic engagement of the public – makes sustainability impossible

Hendriks, 2k9

Carolyn, The Crawford School of Economics and Government – The Australia National University, Securing Public Legitimacy for Long-Term Energy Reform, Public Policy Network Conference – The Australian National University, Canberra, 29-30 January 2009

Contemporary states are under …of long term energy reform.

Values must come first in policy discussions – policies do not originate in a vacuum and foregoing that analysis precludes the possibility of change

Gehrke, 1998

Gehrke, Pat J. "Critique arguments as policy analysis: policy debate beyond the rationalist perspective." Perspectives in Controversy: Selected Essays from Contemporary Argumentation and Debate (2002): 302. Published in 1998

Policy narratives both rely upon …lose sight of these normative roots.

No solvency – NNSA has changed directions towards nuclear weapons, turns the aff

Clery 2012(Daniel, “NIF Report asks for more time to achieve ignition,” Science magazine, December, vol. 338, no. 6114, p. 1519, http:~/~/www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6114/1519.full)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) …maintain the stockpile we have,” Kelley asserts.

Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: MSU | Judge: Evans

1NC

Waste is the extimate kernel of the symbolic order – we constantly seek to bury and expunge this excess while denying that it is integral to production

Huang in 9 (Han-yu; Dept English @ National Taiwan Normal University; Trauma, Paranoia, and Ecological Fantasy in Don DeLillo’s Underworld: Toward a Psychoanalytic Ethics of Waste; Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 35.1; Scholar)

Waste in its various figurations is … or fled or otherwise out of reach" (803).

Nuclear disaster heralds an array of threats outside the descriptive powers of language and prediction. We compulsively look to precursor events to avoid the deadlock. The unspeakable horror of radioactivity has reduced us to a state of living death.

Van Wyck in 5 (Peter C; Signs of Danger: Waste, Trauma, and Nuclear Threat; p.105-107)

So to all of the other things of …began, and when it ended.

The reliance on technical justifications combined with a technical-bureaucratic process means nuclear power policy subverts public involvement and perpetuates environmental racism

Marci R. Culley € Holly Angelique in 11,  Department of Psychology, Georgia State University,  and  Penn State,   Participation, Power, and the Role of Community Psychology in Environmental Disputes: A Tale of Two Nuclear Cities,   Am J Community Psychol (2011) 47:410–426 DOI 10.1007/s10464-010-9395-9

Our Waynesboro findings also reflect that the …communities) and environmental racism (in Waynesboro).

Block

Waste needs to be confronted in order to challenge the structures of the military industrial complex

Huang in 9 (Han-yu; Dept English @ National Taiwan Normal University; Trauma, Paranoia, and Ecological Fantasy in Don DeLillo’s Underworld: Toward a Psychoanalytic Ethics of Waste; Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 35.1; Scholar)

From Lacanian psychoanalytic perspectives…. will be explored in the last section of this paper.

Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: MSU | Judge: Evans

1NC

Status quo does not drive space exploration – it is not a center of profit – 75 years of public financed space prove

Stephen Maurer, adjunct associate professor of public policy 2/2/10 http://blogs.berkeley.edu/2010/02/02/can-capitalism-send-us-to-the-stars/ Can Capitalism Send Us to the Stars?

Which brings us to … won’t do any better than NASA.

The ideas of human being and universe that underpin the Aff do not emerge from the ether – they are an anxious response to late-modern cultural and social disintegration. In this context, the threat of Earthly obliteration is only a screen for the Aff’s acting out fantasies of omnipotence and control over the universe that reassures the insecure ego.

James S. Ormrod, Lecturer in Sociology at Univ. of Brighton, 2009 “Phantasy and Social Movements: An Ontology of Pro-Space Activism”, Social Movement Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, 115–129, April 2009

There can be little doubt that the world that … for pro-space activism.

Block

The affirmative would have us imagine space as an avenue for social change, but all it does is engage in the psychoanalytic concept of projection- the subject throws its own disorder into the realm of the imaginary as a way of distancing itself from the traumatic elements of the unconscious. The affirmative would project the ego's desire for domination and control onto space, replicating their impacts and creating the conditions for warfare and extinction. Brennan 1993 Teresa, Professor at Cambridge, History After Lacan 40-45

From the beginning, Lacan had asserted … the ego fear (rightly) for its own survival.

Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Oklahoma LM | Judge:
the fear of ressentiment in class struggles is rooted in class privilege. Their criticism tantamount to ivory tower disagreements with billions of people struggling every day because they’re not being happy enough
Ebert in 2009(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, The Task of Cultural Critique, p 5-7)
Gibson-Graham, Resnick, and Wolff, therefore, …and substitute the singular for the collective.

2. Their Love in 87 evidence proves competition between the two perspectives when she states:
Love 87 Nancy S. Professor, Government and Justice Studies @ Appalachian State University "Epistemology and Exchange: Marx, Nietzsche, and Critical Theory" New German Critique No. 41, Special Issue on the Critiques of the Enlightenment pg 89 JSTOR
The mutual limitations of Marx's and … They end in schizophrenia, not synthesis.

3. Perm can’t solve – focus on the aff trades off with challenging economic exploitation.
Ebert in 95, (Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Rethinking Marxism
Association for Economic and Social Analysis, vol 8 no 2, The Knowable Good--Post-al Ethics,
the Question of Justice and Red Feminism, index found here, http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/gr/gsce/d/rm.htm#95, article here, http://www.geocities.com/redtheory/AO/AOVol5-1RedFeminism.html )
What is of primary concern in anarchic-ludic politics … outcome of an eschatological historiography.

Tournament: NDT | Round: Round 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth CK | Judge: Symonds, Walters, Jacobs 

1NC

Failure to recognize that technology is embedded in and shaped by social relations reproduces it as a fetish object.  Nuclear power depends on highly centralized authority that undermines democracy and crowds out any questioning of socio-economic relations in favor of a cult of experts.

David Harvey in 2003 ( Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,  The Fetish of Technology: Causes and Consequences,  Macalester International Vol. 13)
My answer derives from the initial definition of technology as an internal relation, as
AND
it finds few advocates and not a few fierce enemies within those quarters. 

Growth of the overall size of the economy has placed us at the limits of the biophysical system while decreasing rates of growth have brought us to the internal limits of the accumulation process which threatens collapse of the system.

Klitgaard and Krall, 2k11
~Kent (Department of Economics – Wells College); Lisi (Department of Economics – State University of New York); Ecological Economics, Degrowth, and Institutional Change, Ecological Economics (2011)~
The age of economic growth is coming to an end. The mature economies of
AND
that the inherent tendencies to stagnate and the resolution to stagnation are found. 

Failure to confront the values and assumptions of neoliberal market rationality fortifies a socio-political structure founded on racism, sexism, classism, and anthropocentrism that makes planetary destruction and violence inevitable

Darder, 2k10
~Antonia Darker, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, Preface Author, Kahn, Richard, and Richard V. Kahn. Critical pedagogy, ecoliteracy, %26 planetary crisis: The ecopedagogy movement. Vol. 359. Peter Lang Pub Incorporated, 2010~
It is fitting to begin my words about Richard Kahn’s Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy,
AND
the well-being of all species with whom we walk the earth.  

Neoliberalism turns every aff impact- it ensures that any benefits to are unequally distributed as structural ecological degradation from increased consumption goes unchecked.  The result is the destruction of all social, natural, political, and economic spheres.

CLAUDIA VON WERLHOF in 2008 (Professor, THE GLOBALIZATION OF NEOLIBERALISM,  Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol 19 No 3)
Social, cultural, traditional and ecological considerations are abandoned and give way to a
AND
as the ’’executor of capital accumulation’’ 45 * potentially everywhere and enduringly.

The alternative is a challenge to the ontological framework of neoliberalism – by breaking away from this political ontology can we introduce alternative means in the political arena including justice and solidarity.

Oksala in 2011(Johanna, Senior Research Fellow in the Academy of Finland research project is Philosophy and Politics in Feminist Theory at the University of Helsinki, "Violence and Neoliberal Governmentality," Constellations Volume 18, No 3)
If we accept my analysis of the relationship between neoliberalism and political violence, however
AND
strategy, and this, paradoxically, remains its appeal and its significance.

1NR

Neoliberal policies net decreased aggregate growth rates

David Harvey 2006,The Graduate Center – The City University of New York, "NEO-LIBERALISM AS CREATIVE DESTRUCTION," InterfacEHS, http://www.interfacehs.sp.senac.br/images/artigos/79_pdf.pdf
In what ways may it be said that neoliberalization has resolved the problems of flagging
AND
the standpoint of restoring the conditions of general capital accumulation has been weak. 

Poverty and Inequality are on the rise
Snyder, 2k8
~Michael, Cornell University, Globalizing Solidarity: The changing roles, Relevance and Strategies of Global Union Federations, April 29^th, 2008~
A further economic factor promoting transnational cooperation among labor unions is the failure of the
AND
inequality over the post World War II period (Cornia and Kiiski 2001). 

Incomes have been on the decline in every country pursuing market-led neoliberal development

Lambert, 2k9
~Lambert, Rob; Beziudenhout, Andries; Webster, Edward. Grounding Globalization : Labour in the Age of Insecurity., Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. p vii., http://site.ebrary.com/lib/umkc/Doc?id=10301215%26ppg=7-http://site.ebrary.com/lib/umkc/Doc?id=10301215%26ppg=7, Copyright © 2009. Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved.~
However, what is unequivocal is that the liberal argument that the rising density,
AND
within developed and developing countries alike, creating a heightened sense of insecurity. 

International institutions don’t solve its excesses

Snyder, 2k8
~Michael, Cornell University, Globalizing Solidarity: The changing roles, Relevance and Strategies of Global Union Federations, April 29^th, 2008~
Despite these negative consequences for a large percentage of the global population, international institutions
AND
been to increase the degree of cross-border cooperation among trade unions. 

You cannot view science as neutral- neoliberal rationality shapes the contours and assumptions of scientific innovation- this supposedly neutral framework excludes any analysis of ideology’s importance to politics

Luigi Pellizzoni and Marja Ylonen in 2012 ( Marja Ylonen is post-doctoral researcher at the University’of Jyvaskyla, Finland,  Luigj Pellizzoni is Associate Professor in Environmental and Political Sociology at the University of Trieste. Italy. Hegemonic contingencies: Neoliberalized technoscience and neorationality,
 Neoliberalism and Technoscience)
Technoscience is thus profoundly traversed by the neorational logic of neoliberalism. The process is
AND
is the qualitative change we call ontological commodification. 54-56

Technological development alone exacerbates environmental destruction – increased production creates in demand for resources and results in waste

York, 2k3 
~York et al.  Richard York, Associate Professor of Sociology at the University
AND
No. 2 (Apr., 2003), pp. 279-300~
THE TREADMILL OF PRODUCTION AND THE SECOND CONTRADICTION OF CAPITAL. ISM. For Schnaiberg
AND
on a restructuring of societies away from economic expansion and toward ecological sustainability. 

The thesis of the affirmative is backward – technological innovation is stifled by neoliberalism – it locks in profit as the only motive of innovation which ignores technological development that has a social good as a goal. Only the alternative solves this back.

Mike Palecek 12 August 2009 http://www.marxist.com/capitalism-versus-science.htm Capitalism Versus Science
We are constantly bombarded with the myth that capitalism drives innovation, technology, and
AND
our fingertips. The only thing that stands in our way is capitalism. 

Liberal internationalism cannot resolve the paradox of global governance in the name or pure liberty – the bracketing of the global tyranny causes the global permanent war that it portends to prevent -

Anna M. Agathangelou  April 2010  York University, Toronto, Canada.
 Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2010 38: 693 originally published online 7  Bodies of Desire, Terror and the War in Eurasia: Impolite Disruptions of (Neo) Liberal Internationalism, Neoconservatism and the ’New’ Imperium
In the 18 May 2008 issue of American Prospect, Matt Yglesias states: ’
AND
by the US), its reason, and the freedom of the individual.

2NC

Endorse the alternative as a rejection of the framing of neoliberalism as natural and inevitable.  Any energy they produce will perpetuate structural inequality and close off access.  Only rejection of its monolithic position opens up space for community values in policy

Nik Heynen and Paul Robbins in 2005 (Heynen is Associate Professor @ University of Georgia, Robbins is at  School of Geography and Development(SGD) at the University of Arizona,  The Neoliberalization of Nature: Governance, Privatization, Enclosure and Valuation,  CAPITALISM NATURE SOCIALISM VOLUME 16 NUMBER 1 (MARCH 2005))
Perhaps most problematic – and certainly contributing to the triumph of narrow capitalist interests –
AND
for further resistance, community, and the restoration of a people’s nature. 

Structural poverty makes civil war inevitable- injustice leads to mobilization

JOHN NAGLE in 2010,  Nostrum or Palliative? Contesting the Capitalist Peace in Violently Divided Societies,  Civil Wars, Vol.12, No.3 (September 2010), pp.218–236
The first step to prescribing a solution to a long-standing conflict is to
AND
debate the arguments that neoliberalism generates pacific politics. 223-224

Emphasis on the state’s security of sufficient resources amplifies global insecurity by envisioning resource scarcity as a problem of management rather than one of economic structure.  The impact is policy paralysis that ensures planetary annihilation.

Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed in 2011, international security analyst specialising in the historical sociology and political ecology of mass violence. He is Executive Director at the Institute for Policy Research and Development, and Associate Tutor at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex,  Global Change, Peace %26 Security Vol. 23, No. 3, October 2011, 335–355  
Under traditional neorealist logic, a strategic response to global environmental crises must involve the
AND
the name of warding off collective destruction, if not planetary annihilation? 61 

Tournament: NDT | Round: Round 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth CK | Judge: Symonds, Walters, Jacobs 

Solvency

Technical problems ensure that latest techniques of reprocessing fail and create waste byproducts – DOE’s 2013 waste strategy rules against reprocessing.

(Sovacool and Funk 2013)
Benjamin K. is a visiting associate professor at Vermont Law School, as well as the manager of the Energy Security and Justice Program at its Institute for Energy and the Environment; Alex, is a third-year law student at Vermont Law School specializing in natural resource and energy law; Wrestling with the Hydra of Nuclear Waste Storage in the United States; The Electricity Journal; Elsevier – available February 28, 2013.  HD

Newer modes of reprocessing, such as manufacturing mixed oxide fuel (MOX) and
AND
"without the need to ensure retrievability for reuse or research purposes."54

The aff is emblematic of a technocratic discourse and ideology that stifles public participation and opinion formation by assuring us that experts have taken care of the problem.  This is a false apparatus created to prop up industry and government elites

Ken Cunningham Penn State Harrisburg and Holly Angelique Penn State Harrisburg in 10 ( MELTDOWN OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST AND THE NEED FOR AN ENGAGED PUBLIC SPHERE: A CRITICAL (RE-) INTERPRETATION OF THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT AT THREE MILE ISLAND,  HUMANITY %26 SOCIETY, 2010, VOL. 34 (February: 64-88))
Technocratic consciousness and ideology is part of the strategic repertoire of administrative action to manage
AND
support dropped to about 25 percent (Joppke 1993:142-143). 

b. Nuclear power will only increase environmental inequalities- site proposals are in primarily poor, rural communities of color.

Marci R. Culley € Holly Angelique in 11,  Department of Psychology, Georgia State University,  and  Penn State,   Participation, Power, and the Role of Community Psychology in Environmental Disputes: A Tale of Two Nuclear Cities,   Am J Community Psychol (2011) 47:410–426 DOI 10.1007/s10464-010-9395-9
In addition to this three-dimensional model of social power, environmental inequalities (
AND
the citizen participation implications related to the prevailing public discourse around nuclear technology. 

c. Impact is structurally violent forms of social organization that reproduce inequality

Hendriks, 2k9
~Carolyn, The Crawford School of Economics and Government – The Australia National University, Securing Public Legitimacy for Long-Term Energy Reform, Public Policy Network Conference – The Australian National University, Canberra, 29-30 January 2009~
Beyond securing legitimacy, policy design that takes its democratic context seriously, for example
AND
. 2007), and nuclear waste disposal sites (Dawson %26 Darst 2006). 

Terrorism

, safeguards do not adequately check – theft possible.

(Dennis et al 2009)
Kate J. Dennis and Christopher D. Holmes are PhD candidates at Harvard University’s
AND

Bulletin of Atomic Scientists; November 1, 2009. EBSCOHOST. HD

Reprocessing supporters argue that plutonium from a reprocessing plant is not weapon-grade.
AND
bomb’s worth of plutonium in several months without anyone noticing the missing plutonium.

aff authors make it seem easier than it really is – even if they get material they can’t do anything with it

(Kidd 10)
Steve Kidd is Director of Strategy %26 Research at the World Nuclear Association, where he has worked since 1995 (when it was the Uranium Institute). " Nuclear proliferation risk – is it vastly overrated?" Nuclear Engineering International, July 23, 2010, http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056931, accessed September 20, 2012. 

Similarly, the task of the atomic terrorist is far from simple. If it
AND
? Should the walls of the stadium have to be several metres thick?

Russia

Capitalism produces insecurity and makes global conflict inevitable- it creates massive social upheaval by transferring wealth from poor to rich, which spills over and drives international crises

Goodman in 9, James,  Senior Lecturer at the University of Technology, Sydney, Rethinking Insecurity War and Violence, edited by Grenfell and James, http://www.scribd.com/doc/68230825/4/Global-capitalism-and-the-production-of-insecurity
The shrouding of Guernica is symbolic of a deep contradiction in the US mission to
AND
first charting insecurity dilemmas in theWar on Terror. 44-45

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
‘Localism Bad K 1NC

1. Links –

a. Energy localism is still rooted in the market ideology that cannot confront the overwhelming power of capitalism to order the world – This market theology does nothing to challenge accumulation, dispossession and control.  The barrier for participation is still capital and property – this ensures that the market will drive dispossession.  Market localism also divulges the community from the larger ecological impacts because local prices cannot price for world ecological destruction.
GREGORY ALBO Feb 2007 Greg Albo Associate Professor Department of Political Science York University THE LIMITS OF ECO-LOCALISM: SCALE, STRATEGY, SOCIALISM http://www.socialistproject.ca/theory/albo_ecolocalism.pdf
The green case for localism, then… the unique characteristics of local ecologies.

b. Localized solar is a neoliberal market approach to green technology- it facilitates higher grid efficiency and private market pricing of energy
David J. Hess in 2012, (Professor of Sociology @ Vanderbilt,  The green transition, neoliberalism, and the technosciences, Neoliberalism and Technoscience)
Within this broad field of policy … tends to receive bipartisan support (Hess 2012). p 221

c. Their understanding of deliberation presupposes the neutrality of economics and ignores the way capitalism structures the emergence of local communities
Zizek in 2000, Slavoj, Former 5th runner up for president, Contingency Hegemony Universality)
So, again, crucial in Laclau's theoretical … exclusion which sustains this very field? 107-108

d. Bottom-up resistance ‘outside the system’ fails to grasp the relevance of the state as a military and sovereign power over politics
Luigi Pellizzoni and Marja Ylonen in 2012 ( Marja Ylonen is post-doctoral researcher at the University'of Jyvaskyla, Finland,  Luigj Pellizzoni is Associate Professor in Environmental and Political Sociology at the University of Trieste. Italy. Hegemonic contingencies: Neoliberalized technoscience and neorationality,
 Neoliberalism and Technoscience)
This twofold character of resistance … a crucial, unresolved issue. 66-67

e. Neoliberalism is not simply a push for marketization – it is an epistemic grid that aims to bring a calculative organization of the social field which includes ecology. The ontological basis of the aff presumes that we are rational calculating agents that respond positively to the right incentives
Adaman and Madra in 2012(Fikret, Yahya M., Professors of Economics as Bogazici University, “Understanding Neoliberalism as Economization:
The Case of the Ecology”, Paper provided by Bogazici University, Department of Economics in its series Working Papers with number 2012/04)
In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, … calculable) behavior across all fields. 

2. Impacts –

a. The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system
Zizek and Daly in 4
 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut … 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.

b. Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth
Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and
the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)
The capitalist system treats this planet… we don't have a minute to spare.

3. the alternative is to reject the affirmative for their use of autonomous energy

Alt rejects de-centralized corporate control in favor of centralized government control – fostering democratic norms is key to transition. Decentralization is coopted by capitalism because extra-local factors foreclose large scale change
GREGORY ALBO in 2007 (Professor of political economy at York university,  THE LIMITS OF ECO-LOCALISM: SCALE, STRATEGY, SOCIALISM, The Socialist Register, http://www.arts.yorku.ca/politics/albo/docs/2007/sr-eco-localism.pdf)
Eco-localist projects tend to treat the … the necessary challenges of democratization. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Multiple alt causes to their impact –

a. coal fired power plants disproportionately affect peoples of color. The worst offenders aren’t shut down because of corporate interests.
Haynes 2012 Audrey Haynes, Earth Island Journal, “Coal-Fired Power Plants Disproportionally Impact Communities of Color, says NAACP” November 15, 2012, http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/coal-fired_power_plants_disproportionally_impact_communities_of_color/
The National Association for the Advancement …,” journalist Jeff Goodell writes in the report.

2. Large-scale manufacturers will take over manufacturing of small-scale solar projects because it creates a new market that’s perfect for expansion.
Barker 2012 Michael Barker, analyst for Solarbuzz, covers primary research and analysis concerning the photovoltaic industry, “Domestic Module Manufacturing: PV Globalization or Political Vote-Seeking?” Published May 17, 2012, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/05/domestic-module-manufacturing-pv-globalization-or-political-vote-seeking
Despite 2011 having been a particularly … project developers to offer a value-added proposition.

3. Local participation excludes dispossessed individuals from decisionmaking – minorities are less likely to own homes, and zoning restrictions independently take out the aff
Bullard, 2k8
Robert, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center,_Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html
It has been difficult for millions of … of color communities across the United States. 38 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Struggle cannot be reduced to a question of personal outlook and cultural interaction. This reduction of the political radicality of the movement creates a communism that is structurally no different than today’s capitalist model.
Zizek in 9
Slavoj; senior researcher @ U of Ljubljana and lecturer/professor @ the EGS; First as Tragedy, Then as Farce; p.
In keeping with the new spirit of capitalism, … the founders of Ben and Jerry's ice cream.

Turn- Prioritizing and focusing on affect trades off with material analysis necessary to dismantle capitalism – even if it is necessary it’s not sufficient
Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 4-7)
Human freedom, however, is no longer .substitute the singular for the collective.

The white flight to suburbs in the 60s and the ghettofication of public housing caused homeownership to become a privilege only for affluent, white populations.
Hanan 2010 Joshua S. Hanan, doctoral candidate, Department of Communication Studies, University of Texas at Austin, “Home is Where the Capital is: The Culture of Real Estate in an Era of Control Societies”
Created in 1937 with the passing of the … Robert Taylor Housing Project, and Levittown, New York. 

Local participation excludes dispossessed individuals from decisionmaking – minorities are less likely to own homes, and zoning restrictions independently take out the aff
Bullard, 2k8
Robert, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center,_Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html
It has been difficult for millions of Americans in segregated neighborhoods…color communities across the United States. 38 

5. Wasteful byproducts of solar panels are hazardous
Pizzo 11 (Sarah Pizzo, a 2011 J.D. candidate at the University of Colorado. Winter, 2011, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, “When Saving the Environment Hurts the Environment: Balancing Solar Energy Development with Land and Wildlife Conservation in a Warming Climate”, Lexis)
"Photovoltaic panels may contain … present a spill-related risk. 94

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NR – K
The alternative must be sequenced first- only after we establish criticism outlining the broad roots of neoliberal oppression can there be an adequate framework for the formation of multi-issue alliances.
David Harvey in 2010 ( Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,  Enigma of Capital : And the Crises of Capitalism)
Others, nurturing political or moral …the focus of radical theorising. 240-242

4. The alternative is comparatively better for environmental justice movements- purely local single issue campaigns fail- only full rejection of neoliberalism can address the social relationships at the root of discrimination
Eric Krieg in 2009, Associate professor of sociology,  CAPITALISM NATURE SOCIALISM VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 (SEPTEMBER 2009)
Faber identifies a significant number of … among the salariat and working class. 

Decentralization can not be at the center of politics against neoliberalism.  Only increased scale can account for the broad socio economic conditions that cause injustice.  
GREGORY ALBO in 2007 (Professor of political economy at York university,  THE LIMITS OF ECO-LOCALISM: SCALE, STRATEGY, SOCIALISM, The Socialist Register, http://www.arts.yorku.ca/politics/albo/docs/2007/sr-eco-localism.pdf)
The construction of an eco-socialist alliance …one could add, in this context, ‘possible’ eco-localism? 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Risk is an ideological construction signifying anxiety over our inability to ever achieve a complete understanding of reality.  This is part of the ever-present trauma of modernity where risk is embedded in everyday life and extinction is an ontological specter.
Michael Gunder in 8 University of Auckland, New Zealand, Ideologies of Certainty In a Risky Reality:  Beyond the Hauntology of Planning, Planning Theory, vol 7 (2): 186-206.
In the wider social science literature, two perceptions of risk tend to dominate leading
AND
the cosmopolitan state (Beck, 2004, 2005b; Ekberg, 2007).

Emphasis on the state’s security of sufficient resources amplifies global insecurity by envisioning resource scarcity as a problem of management rather than one of economic structure.  The impact is policy gridlock that ensures planetary annihilation.
Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed in 2011, international security analyst specialising in the historical sociology and political ecology of mass violence. He is Executive Director at the Institute for Policy Research and Development, and Associate Tutor at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex,  Global Change, Peace %26 Security Vol. 23, No. 3, October 2011, 335–355  
Under traditional neorealist logic, a strategic response to global environmental crises must involve the
AND
the name of warding off collective destruction, if not planetary annihilation? 61 

Alternative- reject the affirmative plan even in the face of their crisis politics.  

This radical act disrupts the fantasy of a market driven managerial state as political, and creates space for new political imaginaries based on socio-ecological equality
Erik Swyngedouw in 11 Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester,  Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces,  Political Geography 30 (2011)
Third, the proper response to the injunction to undertake action, to design the
AND
a civilization. It is within this reality that we must choose sides" 

Prefer the alternative- only a holistic understanding of how economic production structures and orders international relations can provide policy makers with the frameworks needed to stop accelerating global crises
Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed in 2011, international security analyst specialising in the historical sociology and political ecology of mass violence. He is Executive Director at the Institute for Policy Research and Development, and Associate Tutor at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex,  Global Change, Peace %26 Security Vol. 23, No. 3, October 2011, 335–355  
The extent of orthodox IR theory’s complicity in this predicament is evident in its reduction
AND
, and the structural pressures thereby exerted on human and state behaviour. 80 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Deterrence can’t be proven – there’s more evidence of its failure than success
   Wilson 2008, Ward "THE MYTH OF NUCLEAR DETERRENCE," Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, November 2008 http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/153_wilson.pdf
   Some people try to make the case for nuclear deterrence not by explaining its theoretical
   AND
   . Yet in both these cases nuclear weapons failed to provide this protection. 

2. Security rhetoric frames debate to ignore value questions and political recognition of structural violence – this allows countless injustices committed to allay fear and anxiety
Bigo, 2k11
~Didier, Department of War Studies at the University of Manchester, "Northern Ireland as metaphor: Exception, suspicion and radicalization
in the ’war on terror’," "Security Dialogue, vol. 42 no. 6 483-498~
However, the question is not to decipher what is the best between idealistic inaction
AND
recognize the other even when that other is using violence as a tool.

3. Evaluate structural violence first
Žižek 2008
~Slavoj, senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology @ Univ. of Ljubljana, Violence, p. 1-2~
If there is a unifying thesis that runs through the bric-a-brac
AND
of what otherwise seem to be "irrational" explosions of subjective violence.

4. Realism has oversimplified the paradigm of security into an analysis of the interaction of state that ignores the composition of those states – this privileges a military focused agenda
Bilgin in 2005(Pinar, Assistance Professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara, "Regional Security in the Middle East: A critical perspective", p. 18)
Contemporary critics of realism are sometimes (rightly) criticised for caricaturing an old and
AND
than a lack of analysis of the state’ (also see Halliday 1987). 

5. Techno-strategic discourse is used to only consider the rational aspects concerning the existence of nuclear weapons and their use. This is a product of gender coding where "masculine" ideals of rationality are used as a means to silence "feminine’ objections concerning the violence that these calculations produce.
Cohn, Hill, and Ruddick in 2005(Carol, Director of the Boston
AND
Mass Destruction Commission, Adapted from a presentation on June 12, 2005)
Why did he feel that way? First, he was transgressing a code of
AND
of thought about the effects and consequences of strategic plans and WMD.vi  

6. Their rhetoric of security relies on an ontology that assumes security can be made certain – this makes war inevitable, leads to escalation, and lengthens conflict duration
Burke, 2k7
~Anthony, Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at UNSW, Sydney, Theory and Event 10.2, ontologies of war:  violence, existence, and reason, project muse~
This essay develops a theory about the causes of war — and thus aims to
AND
themselves, making them betray not only commitments but their own substance’. 21-http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.mnl.umkc.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v010/10.2burke.html

7. The closed narrative of the 1ac risks subjecting decision-making processes to epistemic confusion which is at the heart of violent encounters with otherness
Kelley in 8
Patrick A; Major, U.S. Army, Director of National Intelligence, and National Defense Intelligence College Research Fellow; Imperial Secrets. Remapping the Mind of Empire; National Defense Intelligence College, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, Washington, DC; p. 162-163
Tufte’s paean to the visual provides additional clues to the appeal of ekphrasis. While
AND
rhetoric of narrative, providing alternative glimpses of the image beyond the ekphrasis.

8. The world is characterized by unavoidable complexity – attempts to simplify that complexity through Newtonian models does not provide a coherent method for dealing with modern problems. Only a recognition of complexity in our research solves.
Ang 2011 Ien, Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, Australia  "Navigating complexity: From cultural critique to cultural intelligence," Continuum: Journal of Media %26 Cultural Studies Vol. 25, No. 6, December 2011, 779–794
It is a truism now to say that we live in a world burdened by
AND
of complexity with imaginative, non-simplistic ways of dealing with it? 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Deterrence is non-falsifiable and cannot be proven – it actively trades off with cooperation to solve global problems
Krieger 2011, David, President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, February 07, "Ten Serious Flaws in Nuclear Deterrence Theory", online
As volcanoes often give off strong warning signals that they may erupt, so we
AND
? Most people believe the answer to these questions is an unqualified No.

structural violence outweighs
Kim in 84
Samuel; Department of Political Science Monmouth College; Global Violence and Just World Order;  Journal of Peace Research; MUSE
The Nuremberg principle of ’crimes against  humanity’ can be applied holistically to assess  the effects
AND
dimension of global violence is in  itself a major cause of growing violence. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Holistic approach is superior- failure to understand how the structure of the system generates crises guarantees failure in policy approaches
Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed in 2011, international security analyst specialising in the historical sociology and political ecology of mass violence. He is Executive Director at the Institute for Policy Research and Development, and Associate Tutor at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex,  Global Change, Peace %26 Security Vol. 23, No. 3, October 2011, 335–355  
Global ecological, economic and energy crises thus expose a core contradiction at the heart
AND
to the acceleration of scarcity, while inhibiting effective national and international responses. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Disaster capitalism operates through the systematic eradication of public sector infrastructure to create a space for private sector management of crises
Adams et al in 2009(Vincanne, Anthopology, History and Social Medicine at the University of California – San Francisco, Taslim Van Hattum, School Health Programs manager at the Louisiana Public Health Institute, Diana English, “Chronic disaster syndrome: Displacement, disaster capitalism, and the eviction of the poor from New Orleans,” American Ethnologist, Vol. 36, Issue 4, Pages 615-636, Nov 2009)
In this article, we explore the contours of … we witness the trauma of lost lives, families, and cities.

Growth of the overall size of the economy has placed us at the limits of the biophysical system while decreasing rates of growth have brought us to the internal limits of the accumulation process which threatens collapse of the system.
Klitgaard and Krall, 2k11
Kent (Department of Economics – Wells College); Lisi (Department of Economics – State University of New York); Ecological Economics, Degrowth, and Institutional Change, Ecological Economics (2011)
The age of economic growth is … resolution to stagnation are found. 

Failure to confront the values and assumptions of neoliberal market rationality fortifies a socio-political structure founded on racism, sexism, classism, and anthropocentrism that makes planetary destruction and violence inevitable
Darder, 2k10
Antonia Darker, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, Preface Author, Kahn, Richard, and Richard V. Kahn. Critical pedagogy, ecoliteracy, and planetary crisis: The ecopedagogy movement. Vol. 359. Peter Lang Pub Incorporated, 2010
It is fitting to begin my words about …with whom we walk the earth.  

Neoliberalism turns every aff impact- it ensures that any benefits to are unequally distributed as structural ecological degradation from increased consumption goes unchecked.  The result is the destruction of all social, natural, political, and economic spheres.
CLAUDIA VON WERLHOF in 2008 (Professor, THE GLOBALIZATION OF NEOLIBERALISM,  Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol 19 No 3)
Social, cultural, traditional and ecological … accumulation’’ 45 * potentially everywhere and enduringly.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative as an act of irrational violence

The alternative is a challenge to the ontological framework of neoliberalism – by breaking away from this political ontology can we introduce alternative means in the political arena including justice and solidarity.
Oksala in 2011(Johanna, Senior Research Fellow in the Academy of Finland research project is Philosophy and Politics in Feminist Theory at the University of Helsinki, “Violence and Neoliberal Governmentality,” Constellations Volume 18, No 3)
If we accept my analysis of … its appeal and its significance.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Grid is fine – it’s 99.97 percent reliable
(Barrett et al 13)
J. Michael Barrett, Jeff Harner, and John Thorne, researches at the Lexington Institute, “ENSURING THE RESILIENCE OF THE U.S. ELECTRICAL GRID” January 2013, The Lexington Institute, http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/library/resources/documents/Energy/EnsuringResilienceofUSElectricalGrid.pdf, accessed February 17, 2013.
The good news regarding the ability … necessarily impacting the rest of the system. 

No blackouts—grid’s resilient
Avila 12 (Jim, Senior National Correspondent at ABC News, “A U.S. Blackout as Large as India’s? ‘Very Unlikely’”, http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/07/a-u-s-blackout-as-large-as-indias-very-unlikely/)
As India recovers from a blackout …chances of a blackout like India’s were very low.

State-based security approaches to managing crises intensify global violence by failing to understand structural socioeconomic causes - this a racist form of epistemology that blames foreign targets for problems generated by the socio economic policies of the US
Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed in 2011, international security analyst specialising in the historical sociology and political ecology of mass violence. He is Executive Director at the Institute for Policy Research and Development, and Associate Tutor at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex,  Global Change, Peace and Security Vol. 23, No. 3, October 2011, 335–355  
While recommendations to shift our …policy-making on these issues. 354-355

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2NC
The status quo political paradigm must be reframed to develop and implement policies which can confront structural violence and environmental destruction – the role that we play as researchers and advocates in debate matters and must come first
Scrase, 2k10
Scrase, J. Ivan, and David G. Ockwell. "The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction." Energy Policy 38.5 (2010): 2225-2233
This paper has provided several …energy policy in the decades to come.2 

Neoliberal rationality disguises the unequal resource distribution of new technologies.  Lack of sustainability is couched as lack of technology, masking over the socio-economic assumptions of neoliberalism that perpetuate scarcity
Les Levidow, Theo Papaioannou and Kean Birch in 2012, (Kean Birch is Assistant Professor in Department of Social Science (Business and Society Program) at York University; Toronto. His current research interests range from the emerging bioeconomy to varieties of neoliberal restructuring. With Vlad Mykhncnko he co-edited The Rise andFall of'Neoliberalism (2010) published by Zed Books,  Les Levidow is Senior Research Fellow at the Open University. UK. where he has been studying agri-food-cnvironmcntal issues since the late 1980s,  Theo Papaioannou is Senior Lecturer in Innovation and Politics of Development at the ESRC Centre for Social and Economic Research on Innovation in Genomics (INNOGEN) and the Development Policy and Practice Group (DPP) at the Open University. UK,  Neoliberalizing technoscience and environment: EU policy for competitive, sustainable biofuels, Neoliberalism and Technoscience)
The tendency towards plunder is …centralised biorefineries" (Smith 2010: 120; cf. Levidow and Paul 2011). 163-164

Capitalism produces insecurity and makes global conflict inevitable- it creates massive social upheaval by transferring wealth from poor to rich, which spills over and drives international crises
Goodman in 9, James,  Senior Lecturer at the University of Technology, Sydney, Rethinking Insecurity War and Violence, edited by Grenfell and James, http://www.scribd.com/doc/68230825/4/Global-capitalism-and-the-production-of-insecurity
The shrouding of Guernica is symbolic … insecurity dilemmas in theWar on Terror. 44-45

1NR
Neoliberal finance capitalism is structured to produce crisis – whenever wealth becomes concentrated to heavily at the top it has historically produced economic catastrophe
Peet, 2k11
Richard, Professor of Geography at Clarke University, Contradictions of Finance Capitalism, Monthly Review, December 2011
These secular shifts produce the defining…bank accounts of the wealthy few. 

Collapse inevitable – feedback loops
McNally, 2k9
David, York University – Toronto, From Financial Crisis to World-Slump: Accumulation, Financialisation, and the Global Slowdown, Historical Materialism 17 (2009) 35-83
And we are very far from the …counter-project to that of capital. 

Technological development alone exacerbates environmental destruction – increased production creates in demand for resources and results in waste
York, 2k3
York et al.  Richard York, Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Eugene A. Rosa is Professor of Sociology, the Edward R. Meyer Professor of Natural Resource and Environmental Policy, an Affiliated Professor of Environmental Science, and an Affiliated Professor of Fine Arts at Washington State University. Thomas Dietz is Professor of Sociology and Crop and Soil Science and Director of the Environmental Science and Policy Program at Michigan State University. “Footprints on the Earth: The Environmental Consequences of Modernity”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 68, No. 2 (Apr., 2003), pp. 279-300
THE TREADMILL OF PRODUCTION AND THE SECOND…expansion and toward ecological sustainability. 

Both the Kuznets Curve and its Environmental adaptation have been empirically proven invalid – inequality doesn’t decrease as a result of with greater affluence and environmental destruction doesn’t slow as a result of economic growth
Blackwater, 2k12
Bill, Associate Editor of the quarterly Renewal: A Journal of Social Democracy, “The Denialism of Progressive Environmentalism,” Monthly Review, June 2012
Of course, Nordhaus and Shellenberger themselves … generally applicable notion, the ‘environmental Kuznets

2. Neoliberal policies net decreased aggregate growth rates
David Harvey 2006,The Graduate Center – The City University of New York, “NEO-LIBERALISM AS CREATIVE DESTRUCTION,” InterfacEHS, http://www.interfacehs.sp.senac.br/images/artigos/79_pdf.pdf
In what ways may it be said … capital accumulation has been weak. 

3. Poverty and Inequality are on the rise
Snyder, 2k8
Michael, Cornell University, Globalizing Solidarity: The changing roles, Relevance and Strategies of Global Union Federations, April 29th, 2008
A further economic factor promoting … World War II period (Cornia and Kiiski 2001). 

3. Incomes have been on the decline in every country pursuing market-led neoliberal development
Lambert, 2k9
Lambert, Rob; Beziudenhout, Andries; Webster, Edward. Grounding Globalization : Labour in the Age of Insecurity., Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. p vii., http://site.ebrary.com/lib/umkc/Doc?id=10301215andppg=7, Copyright © 2009. Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved.
However, what is unequivocal is that … creating a heightened sense of insecurity. 

Capitalism has created an irreparable rift in the metabolic relationship that allows humans to exist in the first place – a transition away from a system of profit-maximization is necessary to restore a sustainable ecological relationship
Foster in 2009(John Bellamy, Professor of Sociology at Oregon, “The Ecological Revolution,” Page 147-148)
Marx's two main discussions of modern …the evolution (and co-evolution) of species. 15

1AC
Autonomous Renewable

1NC
Localism K
Case

2NC
Case
Localism K

1NR
Localism K (contd)

2NR
Localism K
Case