Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan: The United States federal government should obtain, through alternative financing, electricity from small modular reactors for military bases in the United States.

DoD bases are vulnerable to grid disruptions which destroys command infrastructure – only SMR’s can solve

Robitaille 12

(George, Department of Army Civilian, United States Army War College, “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?” 21-03-2012, Strategy Research Project)

In recent years, the U.S Department of Defense (DoD) has identified a security issue at our installations related to the dependence on the civilian electrical

circumventing the adverse ramifications associated with building coal or natural gas fired power plants on the environment.

Those communication breakdowns go nuclear

Andres and Breetz 11

Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability. Over the last few years, the Services have

Grid failure shuts down US military operations

Paul Stockton 11, assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs, “Ten Years After 9/11: Challenges for the Decade to Come”, http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11

The cyber threat to the DIB is only part of a much larger challenge to DoD. Potential adversaries are seeking asymmetric means to cripple our force projection

Nuclear war

Frederick Kagan and Michael O’Hanlon 7, Fred’s a resident scholar at AEI, Michael is a senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April, http://www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf

We live at a time when wars not only rage in nearly every region but threaten to erupt in many places where the current relative calm is tenuous. To view this as a strategic military challenge for the United States is not to espouse a specific theory of America’s role

SMR’s “island” bases by providing constant reliable power

King 11

Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

Having a reliable source of electricity is critically

The power would ensure that critical services such as emergency response, waste water treatment, and hospitals could be maintained.

DoD bypasses regulatory hurdles and safety hazards

Loudermilk 11

Micah J. Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 5/31/11, Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs, www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375

Path forward: Department of Defense as first-mover Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-scale adoption of small modular reactors in the US, with a difficult regulatory environment,

the inroads necessary to advance the technology broadly and eventually lead to their wide-scale adoption.

Massive expansion of nuclear power’s inevitable worldwide – that causes cascading prolif

John P Banks and Charles K Ebinger 11, John is a fellow with the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, Charles is senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, “Introduction: Planning a Responsible Nuclear Future” in “Business and Nonproliferation”, googlebooks

Nuclear energy is a twentieth-century

enrichment and spent fuel reprocessing. This is a major challenge for a regime already under stress.

The spread of enrichment and reprocessing collapse the entire nonproliferation regime

Anatoly S. Diyakov 10, Professor of Physics and Director of the Center for Arms Control Energy and Environmental Studies at the Moscow Institute of Physics, “The nuclear “renaissance” and preventing the spread of enrichment and reprocessing technologies: a Russian view”, Dædalus Winter 2010

The anticipated growth of nuclear

uaranteed access to external sources of nuclear fuel cycle services and products.

Squo nuclear power means quick breakout—asymmetric development of arsenals creates imbalances that undermine deterrent relationships

Sokolski 9

Henry Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 6/1/2009, Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/5534

Finally, several new nuclear weapons contenders are

In short, we may soon see a future that neither the proponents of nuclear abolition, nor their critics, would ever want. None of this, however, is inevitable.

Prolif cascades cause militarization of disputes—escalates to great power war

Kroenig 9

Matt Kroenig, assistant professor of Government at Georgetown University and a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, November 2009, Beyond Optimism and Pessimism: The Differential Effects of Nuclear Proliferation, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/19671/beyond_optimism_and_pessimism.html

Nuclear proliferation can embolden new nuclear states

involving a nuclear-armed North Korea, making the Korean Peninsula another dangerous flash-point in the uncertain Sino-American strategic

Cold War no longer applies—nuclear war

Cimbala 8

Stephen Cimbala, Ph.D., Penn State Brandywine Political Science Distinguished Professor, 2008, Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia, Comparative Strategy Volume 27, Issue 2

The spread of nuclear weapons in Asia presents

according to American or allied Western concepts might be inaccurate guides to the avoidance of war outside of Europe.

A strong SMR industry’s key to US leadership, market share, and cradle to grave

Mandel 9

(Jenny – Scientific American, Environment and Energy Publishing, LLC, “Less Is More for Designers of "Right-Sized" Nuclear Reactors” September 9, 2009, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-nuclear-power-plant-station-mini-reactor)

Tom Sanders, president of the American Nuclear Society and manager of Sandia National Laboratories' Global Nuclear Futures Initiative, has been stumping for small rectors for more than a decade. American-made small reactors, Sanders insists, can play a central role in global nonproliferation efforts

China, Russia and Japan putting support and cash into nuclear technologies, the power plants are here to stay, he believes. "There's going to be a thousand reactors built over the next 50 years," he said. "The question is: Are we building them, or are we just importing them?"

Only commercial and diplomatic leadership solves ENR

BPC 12, Bipartisan Policy Center, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets”, July, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf

Strategic Goal: Continued strong U.S. leadership in global nuclear security matters is central to protecting our national security interests. In particular, U.S. leadership

if these programs move forward, the United States has a critical commercial and advisory role to play.

Cradle to grave solves cascades

McGoldrick 11

Fred McGoldrick, CSIS, spent 30 years at the U.S. State and Energy Departments and at the U.S. mission to the IAEA, negotiated peaceful nuclear cooperation agreements with a number of countries and helped shape the policy of the United States to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, May 2011, Limiting Transfers of Enrichment and Reprocessing Technology: Issues, Constraints, Options, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/MTA-NSG-report-color.pdf

The U.S. has been exploring the possibilities of developing

, the supplier of the fresh fuel and the country to which the spent fuel was sent would not have to be the same for a cradle-to-grave service to work.

DoD acquisition of SMR’s ensures rapid military adoption, commercialization, and U.S. leadership

Andres and Breetz 11

Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—grid insecurity and fuel convoys—and explored how they could be addressed

will dictate standards on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance.

Alternative financing arrangements reduce costs and spur unique commercial spillover

Fitzpatrick, Freed and Eyoan, 11

Ryan Fitzpatrick, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy at Third Way, Josh Freed, Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way, and Mieke Eoyan, Director for National Security at Third Way, June 2011, Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance CleanEnergy Technology... And Why It Has To, content.thirdway.org/publications/414/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdf

The DoD has over $400 billion in annual purchasing power, which means the Pentagon could provide a sizeable market for new technologies

before. For its own sake and the sake of the economy, it should make clean energy innovation its newest priority.

SMR’s are super cost-effective and safe

Ioannis N. Kessides and Vladimir Kuznetsov 12, Ioannis is a researcher for the Development Research Group at the World Bank, Vladimir is a consultant for the World Bank, “Small Modular Reactors for Enhancing Energy Security in Developing Countries”, August 14, Sustainability 2012, 4(8), 1806-1832

SMRs offer a number of advantages that can potentially offset the overnight cost penalty that they suffer relative to large reactors. Indeed, several characteristics of their proposed designs can serve to overcome some of the key barriers

, the economics of SMRs challenges the widely held belief that nuclear reactors are characterized by significant economies of scale [19].

DoD installations are key – market pull

Jeffrey Marqusee 12, Executive Director of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) at the Department of Defense, “Military Installations and Energy Technology Innovation”, March, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Energy%20Innovation%20at%20DoD.pdf

The key reason that DoD cannot

critical portion in the middle where microgrids and their relationship to energy storage and electric vehicles reside.

And expertise

Armond Cohen 12, Executive Director of the Clean Air Task Force, “DoD: A Model for Energy Innovation?”, May 29, http://www.catf.us/blogs/ahead/2012/05/29/dod-a-model-for-energy-innovation/

Unlike most other agencies, including

that can be used for producing independent, non-grid power at military bases, or, conceivably, zero-carbon liquid fuels other than anything resembling current generation biofuels. 


DoE just massively increased SMR incentives, but it fails

DoD Energy Blog, 2/16/11, Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power Good Things in Small Packages:Small Reactors for Military Power, dodenergy.blogspot.com/2011/02/good-things-in-small-packagessmall.html

They conclude that DOD should lead the charge for small reactors to meet their own needs as well as to make sure that the US leads that industry’s

And there are 3 demo projects in progress, but no incentives

ANA 12

(Alliance for Nuclear Accountability, “ Documents Reveal Time-line and Plans for “Small Modular Reactors” (SMRs) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) Unrealistic and Promise no Funding” June 8, 2012, http://www.ananuclear.org/Issues/PlutoniumFuelMOX/tabid/75/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/558/Default.aspx)

“While SRS may superficially appear to present certain attractive aspects for the location of SMRs, the site has not had experience with operation of nuclear reactors in over twenty years and has no current expertise in reactor operation,” said Clements. “While DOE

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
PLAN
The United States Federal Government should obtain, through alternative financing, electricity from small modular reactors for military bases in the United States.
DOD

DoD bases are vulnerable to grid disruptions which destroys command infrastructure – only Small Modular Reactors can solve
Robitaille 12
(George, Department of Army Civilian, United States Army War College, “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?” 21-03-2012, Strategy Research Project)

In recent years, the …the adverse ramifications associated with building coal or natural gas fired power plants on the environment.

Those communication breakdowns go nuclear
Andres 11
Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf

The DOD interest in …battle or war would be greatly reduced.

Cyberattacks coming now
Bodenheimer 12
(David, partner in the law firm of Crowell and Moring LLP in the DC office where he heads the Homeland Security Practice and specializes in Government Contracts, False Claims Act, Privacy, and Cybersecurity, “Cyberwarfare in the Stuxnet Age Can Cannonball Law Keep Pace With the Digital Battlefield?” Winter 2012, The SciTech Lawyer, Volume 8, Number 3)

A nuclear processing …New York banks would devastate both the US and world economies:

Grid failure shuts down US military operations
Paul Stockton 11, assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs, “Ten Years After 9/11: Challenges for the Decade to Come”, http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11

The cyber threat …– and never will – exercise control.

Successful Military Power operations solve great power war
Robert Kagan, senior fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings, 12 “Not Fade Away The myth of American decline,” The New Republic, January 11, http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/99521/america-world-power-declinism?passthru=ZDkyNzQzZTk3YWY3YzE0OWM5MGRiZmIwNGQwNDBiZmI

What is it worth to …of the world they live in.
Best data proves
Barnett 11
Thomas P.M. Barnett is chief analyst at Wikistrat and a contributing editor for Esquire magazine. His forthcoming eBook serial is "The Emily Updates: One Year in the Life of the Girl Who Lived" (September-December 2011). His weekly WPR column, The New Rules, 19 Sep 2011, “The New Rules: Credit the U.S., Not the U.N., for More Peaceful World” , http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/10047/the-new-rules-credit-the-u-s-not-the-u-n-for-more-peaceful-world

Thanks to the Sept. 11 …war across the world.

Specifically, China will exploit vulnerabilities - causes Taiwan war
Derene 09
(Glenn – Defense Analyst @ Popular Mechanics, “How Vulnerable is U.S. Infrastructure to a Major Cyber Attack?” October 1, 2009, http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military/4307521)

The next world war might …"And I don't like that answer."

That goes nuclear
Glaser 11, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs – George Washington University,
(Charles, “Will China’s Rise Lead to War?” Foreign Affairs Vol. 9 Iss. 2, March/April)

THE PROSPECTS for …poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

China will use the military option on Taiwan
Lee 11
Sheryn, project officer with the joint Australian National University-Lowy Institute for International Policy 'Languages of Security in the Asia-Pacific' project, and a research assistant at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, ANU. Sheryn also contributes research assistance on East Asian international relations, specifically on Japan, for Professor Alastair Iain Johnston (Department of Government, Harvard University), and is currently authoring a chapter on China-Taiwan relations for the Routledge international handbook, East and Southeast Asia: International Relations and Security Perspectives. In 2011 she was the inaugural Robert O'Neill scholar to the International Institute for Strategic Studies in Singapore, and author of the ANU Strategic and Defence Studies Centre's Singapore Diaries blog. She is a T.B. Millar Scholar and masters student in Strategy and Defence at the ANU.
http://www.securitychallenges.org.au/ArticlePDFs/vol7no1Lee.pdf

Barriers to Rapprochement Despite …moves that are psychological as much as they are political and military.

Military grid security is essential for cross-strait deterrence-attacks on the electrical grid ensure Chinese aggression
Hjortdal 11
Magnus, China's Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence, Centre for Military Studies, University of Copenhagen.
http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101andcontext=jss

China's military strategy mentions …infrastructure worldwide."

Independently, SMRs key to Marine effectiveness
Andres and Breetz 11
Richard Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, and Hanna Breetz, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Small Nuclear Reactorsfor Military Installations:Capabilities, Costs, andTechnological Implications, www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf

Operational Vulnerability. …thousands of U.S. lives.
Reliance on scarce energy and water resources kill the Marine’s expeditionary capabilities-only SMRs solve
Butler 10
Lieutenant Colonel, Glen, Why the Marine Corps should lead the environmental and energy way forward and how to do it http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/not-green-enough

Environmental and energy (E2) …no one has ever gotten anything big done by being timid.”

Key to solve rapid expeditionary forces
Schafer 12
Julie, Marine Corps Energy: Instilling an Ethos of Energy Efficiency, Lt Colonel, USMC Reserve, US Army War College. Masters in Strategic Stud
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA562025

The reasoning behind the President’s …giving the Marines an edge over their adversaries

Key to manage power transitions - solves global war
Munson 11
Major Munson, ’11 – Peter J., Marine aviator and Middle East foreign area officer, having served most recently as Officer in Charge, Detachment A, Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron 352, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom; author of Iraq in Transition “ Back to Our Roots: Marines’ future in the Indo-Pacific”. January. Marine Corps Gazette. http://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/back-to-our-roots

A decade of war has focused …across the globe. When the Nation truly needs us, we will all be going to the same place, wherever that may be.

Key to solve Asian war
Kotani 10
Tetsuo, Tip of the Spear: the 13 Missions for US Marines in Okinawa. Tetsuo Kotani (tetsuo.kotani@gmail.com) is a special research fellow at the Okazaki Institute in Tokyo. He is also a member of the Project 2049 Institute International Advisory Council, a senior research fellow at the Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS), and a Pacific Forum CSIS Nonresident SPF Fellow.
http://csis.org/files/publication/pac1043.pdf

Regardless of military occupational …reconnaissance (Mission 13) in preparation.

Risk of territorial disputes is high in the Pacific
Webb 9/20/12
(Jim, Sen. Foreign Relations Committee, Former Secretary of the Navy, also served as the first Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, “Hearing on Maritime Territorial Disputes and Sovereignty Issues in Asia” Opening Remarks, September 20, 2012, Congressional Testimony) 

Today, the East Asian and Pacific …the solemn commitment of being treaty allies.

Those conflicts go nuclear
Chakraborty 10
(United Service Institution of India“The Initiation and Outlook of ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) Plus Eight,” pg online @ http://www.usiofindia.org/Article/?pub=Strategic%20Perspectiveandpubno=20andano=739)

The first ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus …possibility of turning into a nuclear conflict.

SMR’s “island” bases by providing constant reliable power
King 11
Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

Having a reliable source of … waste water treatment, and hospitals could be maintained.

Deterrence by denial solves attacks
Elliot 11
(David, PhD in high energy nuclear physics from Cal Tech, awarded Department of the Army Outstanding Civilian Service Medal, affiliate of the Center for International Security and Cooperation and was director of its Consortium for Research on Information Security and Policy @ Stanford, “Deterring Strategic Cyberattack” October 2011, IEEE Security and Privacy, Vol. 9 no. 5, page(s) 36-40)

Defense against a major …grid is a case in point.)

Solvency

Alternative financing arrangements solve costs
Fitzpatrick, Freed and Eyoan, 11
Ryan Fitzpatrick, Senior Policy Advisor for Clean Energy at Third Way, Josh Freed, Vice President for Clean Energy at Third Way, and Mieke Eoyan, Director for National Security at Third Way, June 2011, Fighting for Innovation: How DoD Can Advance CleanEnergy Technology... And Why It Has To, content.thirdway.org/publications/414/Third_Way_Idea_Brief_-_Fighting_for_Innovation.pdf

The DoD has over $400 … energy innovation its newest priority.