Tournament: gsu | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Production means extraction of oil / gas
Barrett, JD – University of Oklahoma College of Law, ‘93
(Beverly M., 46 Okla. L. Rev. 745)

In such a royalty clause, as a … terms "produced" or "production" are not used. n95 

Precision—technical definitions are the gold standard in energy debates
Brown, judge – Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, ‘59
(John R., “CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY, Petitioner, v. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION,” Dissenting Opinion, 266 F.2d 208; 1959 U.S. App. LEXIS 5196; 10 Oil and Gas Rep. 601)

 Indeed, I do not think that my cautious … Section 1(b) draws the line at production. 

Only our interpretation gives meaning to the phrase “energy production”—it’s about producing energy assets
Noyes, non-profit and local government consultant in Wilmington, DE, contributor – Daily Kos, 12/8/’5
(Tommy, “Economics and the Environment, Part 1: What Happens When We Light a Fire,” http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/12/08/170460/~-~-Economics-and-the-Environment-Part-1-What-Happens-When-We-Light-a-Fire)

If we wish to be precise, we … and is hauled off to the lumber mill.

Limits—their interpretation allows affs that impact the entire energy sector
Sagar, PhD materials science, Oliver, PhD engineering, and Chikkatur, PhD physics, ‘5
(Ambuj, Hongyan, and Ananth, all three are research fellows – Kennedy School of Govt @ Harvard, 7 Vt. J. Envtl. L. 1)

The energy sector encompasses activities … commercial, transportation and other end-uses.

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Obama will win by a narrow margin
Enten, 9-20
Harry Enten, political science writer for the Guardian,” 9-20-2012, “Post-convention polling gives definitive view: Obama has consolidated his lead,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/sep/20/post-convention-polling-obama-consolidates-lead
Any individual national poll is confusing, …now leans pretty hard in Obama's direction.

The plan upsets Obama’s balancing act on energy, reduces environmentalist turnout critical to reelection
Schnur, 4-9
Dan Schnur, director of the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics at the University of Southern California; he served as the national communications director of Senator John McCain’s presidential campaign in 2000, “The President, Gas Prices and the Pipeline,” http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/09/the-president-gas-prices-and-the-keystone-pipeline/
Like every president seeking re-election, …ships Canadian oil to China instead of into this country.

Romney will roll back EPA regs --- causes air pollution
Star Ledge 12
(“Scary times for environment -- especially if Mitt Romney wins”, June 03, 2012, http://blog.nj.com/njv_editorial_page/2012/06/scary_times_for_environment_~-~-.html)

The grim report on jobs Friday greatly improves … win in November, any chance of passage will be snuffed out.

Extinction
Flournoy 12 (Citing Dr. Feng Hsu, a NASA scientist at the Goddard Space Flight Center, in 2012, Don Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College @ Ohio University, Former Associate Dean @ State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications @ Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University, Citing Dr.  "Solar Power Satellites," Chapter 2: What Are the Principal Sunsat Services and Markets?, January, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book)

In the Online Journal of Space Communication, Dr. Feng … mighty energy resource of our Sun” (Hsu 2010) (Fig. 2.1).

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Fossil fuel production is the core driver of current neoliberal imperialism
Brand and Wissen 12
Ulrich Brand and Markus Wissen (2012): Crisis and continuity
of capitalist society-nature relationships: The imperial mode of living and the
limits to environmental governance, Review of International Political Economy,
DOI:10.1080/09692290.2012.691077
Ulrich Brand and Markus Wissen work at the Institute of Political Science at
the University of Vienna on society-nature relationships and critical state and
governance studies.

From an environmental perspective, this … consumption that lie at the heart of the imperial mode of living.

The IDEOLOGICAL commitment to energy producivism key to consumption -causes tech positivism, ecoinjustice and neoliberal expansionism - EXTINCTION
Byrne et al 9
http://bst.sagepub.com/content/29/2/81.full.pdf+html

“Living Well”: Growth Without End Since …  most extensive threat to life in all forms.5

Energy debates should focus on CRITIQUE of broad structures INSTEAD of producitivist fixes.  Our ROLE OF THE BALLOT is best EVEN IF they win some truth claims – we must SHIFT THE FRAME
Zehner 12
Green illusions,
Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent publications include public science pieces in Christian Science Monitor, The American Scholar, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, The Humanist, The Futurist, and Women’s Studies Quarterly. He has appeared on PBS, BBC, CNN, MSNBC, and regularly guest lectures at universities. Zehner’s research and projects have been covered by The Sunday Times, USA Today, WIRED, The Washington Post, Business Week and numerous other media outlets. He also serves on the editorial board of Critical Environmentalism. Zehner primarily researches the social, political and economic conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes. His work also incorporates symbolic roles that energy technologies play within political and environmental movements. His other research interests include consumerism, urban policy, environmental governance, international human rights, and forgeries. Zehner attended Kettering University (BS -Engineering) and The University of Amsterdam (MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies). His research was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco.

Since this book represents a critique of … benefit by shifting our focus. Our very relevance depends on it.

reject the aff’s embrace of UNSUSTAINABLE neoliberal ideology to REPOLITICIZE the energy debate – frames of ideological justification must PRECEDE the ENGINEEERING debate over energy
Byrne and Toly 6
http://seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_etal.pdf
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

Differences in ecological commitments … inquiry into energy-society relations awaits.

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Natural gas exports are unlikely as prices bounce back
Dlouhy, staff writer for the Houston Chronicle, 7/14/2012
(Jennifer, “Exporting natural gas a dilemma for U.S.,” http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Exporting-natural-gas-a-dilemma-for-U-S-3707334.php#ixzz23dQTdrev)
The drilling boom that has led to a glut of … more exports as companies scale back production.

Exports offset natural gas from Russia
Ratner, specialist in Energy Policy at Congressional Research Service, et al, 2012
(Michael Ratner –, Paul Belkin – Specialist in European Affairs, Jim Nichol – Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs, Steven Woehrel – Specialist in European Affairs, March 13, 2012, Europe’s Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification, Congressional Research Service, p. 25)
Possible U.S. LNG Exports: Pricing Not … competed more directly in markets than they do today.

That destroys the Russian economy
Solomon, executive director of the non-governmental policy organization Energy Probe, 9/8/2012
(Lawrence, “Israel and Russia join forces over gas,” National Post, Canada, Lexis)
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the … a competing natural gas pipeline to Europe.

And, brings down Putin—causes a civil war
Berry, has covered Russian politics for CBS News since 1995, 3/6/’12
(Lynn, “Analysis: Putin faces steep challenge in protests,” CBS News Opinion)
How Putin responds to the challenge, and … opposition protests instead, he's doomed.

Nuclear war
Filger, author and blogger for the Huffington Post, 2009
(Sheldon, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356)
In Russia historically, economic health and political … Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
nuclear power attempts to fill the gap in our psyche to assuage guilt over dropping the bomb and to fulfill the technological imperative
Davis 2006 (Walter A., Prof. Emeritus @ Ohio State U., Department of English, Ph.D. @ U. of Chicago, M.A. @ Marquette U., “Death’s Dream Kingdom”)

While we’ve resisted this knowledge, there is … work.” Every step you take trying to get out of it only leads you deeper into it.

contemplating the history of nuclear power is crucial to preventing nuclearism's neurotic drive towards extinction
Davis 2006 (Walter A., Prof. Emeritus @ Ohio State U., Department of English, Ph.D. @ U. of Chicago, M.A. @ Marquette U., “Death’s Dream Kingdom”)

Here, then, is a picture of our true historical …. Everything else must be purged from the psyche.

Repression of the history of hiroshima and the radiation-based genocide of the hibakusha inevitably results in the RETURN OF THE REPRESSED, WHICH culminates in extinction
DAVIS 1
DERACINATION: HISTORICITY, HIROSHIMA AND THE TRAGIC
Ph.D.  1969  The University of Chicago (with Distinction)
English Language and Literature
Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A.  1966  Marquette University (with Honors)
English Language and Literature B.A.  1964  Marquette University (Cum Laude)
Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1977-June 1988:  Associate Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English

The mediation traced above is driven by a … so fair," a home in which nothing inhuman is unheimlich.

reject the aff’s call to action for nuclear power to engage in melancholic mourning.  this strategy is both necessary and sufficient to solve nuclear violence.  
PERLMAN 88
IMAGINAL MEMEORY AND THE PLACE OF HIROSHIMA
Medical doctor, McLean Hospital, degree achieved, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Completed: 1965

There is a unique value in remembrances … inclusiveness. We are all within the bounds of the place of Hiroshima. 

The logic of the 1AC is predicated on SIMULATED ENERGY SCENARIO PLANNING.  This mode of forecasting expresses POLITICS not SCIENCE – it expresses a set of HISTORICALLY CONTINGENT social CHOICES, NOT accurate models
Labban 12
Preempting Possibility: Critical Assessment of the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2010
(e-mail: labban@rci.rutgers.edu) is visiting assistant professor of Geography at Rutgers University, Lucy Stone Hall, 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854. His research interests include critical theory, political economy, development, energy, petroleum, geopolitics, international law, and finance. He is the author of Space, Oil and Capital (Routledge, 2008).

THINKING THE (NOT) UNTHINKABLE: FORECASTING … possibilities they negate the very notion of possibility.

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Restrictions on production must mandate a decrease in the quantity produced
Anell 89
Chairman, WTO panel
 "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the
CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such findings as will assist the CONTRACTING PARTIES in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in Article XXIII:2." 3. On 3 April 1989, the Council was informed that agreement had been reached on the following composition of the Panel (C/164): Composition Chairman: Mr. Lars E.R. Anell Members: Mr. Hugh W. Bartlett Mrs. Carmen Luz Guarda   CANADA - IMPORT RESTRICTIONS ON ICE CREAM AND YOGHURT Report of the Panel adopted at the Forty-fifth Session of the CONTRACTING PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68)
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf
The United States argued that Canada had … would be in the absence of all government measures. 

1. Including regulations is a limits disaster
   Doub 76
    Energy Regulation: A Quagmire for Energy Policy
   Annual Review of Energy
   Vol. 1: 715-725 (Volume publication date November 1976)
   DOI: 10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby and MacRae, 1757 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
   http://0-www.annualreviews.org.library.lausys.georgetown.edu/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435
    Mr. Doub is a principal in the law firm of Doub and Muntzing, which he formed in 1977. Previously he was a partner in the law firm of LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby and MacRae. He was a member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1971 - 1974. He served as a member of the Executive Advisory Committee to the Federal Power Commission in 1968 - 1971 and was appointed by the President of the United States to the President's Air Quality Advisory Board in 1970.  He is a member of the American Bar Association, Maryland State Bar Association, and Federal Bar Association. He is immediate past Chairman of the U.S. National Committee of the World Energy Conference and a member of the Atomic Industrial Forum. He currently serves as a member of the nuclear export policy committees of both the Atomic Industrial Forum and the American Nuclear Energy Council.  Mr. Doub graduated from Washington and Jefferson College (B.A., 1953) and the University of Maryland School of Law in 1956. He is married, has two children, and resides in Potomac, Md. He was born September 3, 1931, in Cumberland, Md. 

FERS began with the recognition that federal …  agencies. Unfortunately, this example is the rule rather than the exception. 

2. Precision: Only direct prohibition is a restriction – key to predictability
Sinha 6
http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/
 Supreme Court of India Union Of India and Ors vs M/S. Asian Food Industries on 7 November, 2006 Author: S.B. Sinha Bench: S Sinha, Mark, E Katju  CASE NO.:  Writ Petition (civil) 4695 of 2006  PETITIONER:  Union of India and Ors.  RESPONDENT:  M/s. Asian Food Industries  DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/11/2006  BENCH:  S.B. Sinha and Markandey Katju  JUDGMENT:  J U D G M E N T  Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17008 of 2006 WITH  CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4696 OF 2006 Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 17558 of 2006  S.B. SINHA, J :  
 We may, however, notice that this Court in State of U.P. and Others v. M/s. Hindustan Aluminium Corpn. and others AIR 1979 SC 1459 stated the law thus:
"It appears that a distinction between … word prohibiting or some such word, to bring out that effect." 

2. It promotes multidirectionality, destroying topic coherence
McKie 84
 Professor James W. McKie, distinguished member of the economics department at The University of Texas at Austin for many years
McKie, J W
Annual Review of Environment and Resource , Volume 9 (1)
Annual Reviews – Nov 1, 1984
 THE MULTIPLE PURPOSES OF ENERGY … results have often been confusing or disappointing.   

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
economics of calculation is the root of nuclear violence.  util is a post hoc justification for guilt – Hiroshima shows the futility of utilitarian calculations – that culminates in extinction
DAVIS 1
DERACINATION: HISTORICITY, HIROSHIMA AND THE TRAGIC
Ph.D.  1969  The University of Chicago (with Distinction)
English Language and Literature
Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A.  1966  Marquette University (with Honors)
English Language and Literature B.A.  1964  Marquette University (Cum Laude)
Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1977-June 1988:  Associate Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English

B. The Triumph of Mathematics /Though Kant is … a "goal" and to exorcize or limit contingency. 

the radical contingency of historical time undoes the bomb’s psychic function
DAVIS 1
DERACINATION: HISTORICITY, HIROSHIMA AND THE TRAGIC
Ph.D.  1969  The University of Chicago (with Distinction)
English Language and Literature
Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A.  1966  Marquette University (with Honors)
English Language and Literature B.A.  1964  Marquette University (Cum Laude)
Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1977-June 1988:  Associate Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English

Historical time sucks energies from a psychic … sequence of mediations that extend the found¬ing disorder derive.

claims of life’s permanent value are a link.  ahistorical human essence is the ultimate protection against the genuine contingency of history.  
DAVIS 6
Death’s Dream Kingdom: The American Psyche Since 9/11
Ph.D.  1969  The University of Chicago (with Distinction)
English Language and Literature
Emphases: Literary Theory, Modern Literature M.A.  1966  Marquette University (with Honors)
English Language and Literature B.A.  1964  Marquette University (Cum Laude)
Double Major: English and Philosophy March 2002-Present: Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University, Department of English September 1988-2002: Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1977-June 1988:  Associate Professor, The Ohio State University,
Department of English September 1969-June 1977: Assistant Professor, The University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of English

(Transformations in the collective psyche … 1984 will have arrived, Dubya gives us a Pisgah , vision of that prospect.
the psyche latches onto one guarantee within a system to assure its coherence - any link means the perm fails
Davis 2006 (Walter A., Prof. Emeritus @ Ohio State U., Department of English, Ph.D. @ U. of Chicago, M.A. @ Marquette U., “Death’s Dream Kingdom”)

The key to understanding the power of … system of guarantees, as a whole and in each one of its parts, is to blind us to history.

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. The affirmative should defend the resolution as a normative statement

Affirmative means something that affirms
Dictionary.com no date
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/affirmative?s=t
something that affirms  or asserts; a positive statement or proposition; affirmation.

Affirming means asserting the truth of something
Dictionary.com no date
affirming  or assenting; asserting the truth, validity, or fact of something.

B. Violation – they do not assert the truth or affirm the resolution 

Decisionmaking skills and engagement with the state energy apparatus prevents energy technocracy and actualizes radical politics
Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92
(Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)

During this phase, the citizen initiative … for a space for a delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61

Unbridled affirmation outside the game space makes research impossible and destroys dialogue in debate
Hanghoj 8
http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
 Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008
 Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish
Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of
Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have
taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the
Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab
Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant
professor.
Debate games are often based on pre-designed … be dialogue as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

Dialogic democracy is the best way to dismantle racism—our vision of debate is the opposite of exclusion
Gooding-Williams 3
 Race, Multiculturalism and Democracy
Robert Gooding-Wiliams
 Robert Gooding-Williams (Ph.D., Yale, 1982) is the Ralph and Mary Otis Isham Professor of Political Science and the College. He is also a Faculty Associate of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory and an affiliate of the Center for the Study of Race, Politics and Culture. His areas of interest include Du Bois, Critical Race Theory, the History of African-American Political Thought, 19th Century German Philosophy (especially Nietzsche), Existentialism, and Aesthetics (including literature and philosophy, representations of race in film, and the literary theory and criticism of African-American literature). Before coming to the University of Chicago he taught at Northwestern University (1998-2005), where he was Professor of Philosophy, Director of the Alice Berline Kaplan Center for the Humanities (2003-2005), Adjunct Professor of African American Studies, and an affiliate of the Program in Critical Theory. Before coming to Northwestern he taught at Amherst College (1988-98), where he was Professor of Black Studies and the George Lyman Crosby 1896 Professor of Philosophy, and at Simmons College (1983-88), where he taught philosophy and directed the program in Afro-American Studies.
 Issue
Constellations
Volume 5, Issue 1, pages 18–41, March 1998 

 I begin with the assumption that fostering … multicultural education that is, specifically race-conscious.

Tournament: gsu | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The methodology of Shell extends beyond the boardroom to the war room.  SCENARIO PLANNING – specifically through GAMING SIMULATION – creates a prophetic futures market in violence that creates a globalized system of pre-emptive violence
Bratton 4
http://jordancrandall.com/underfire/binnen-def.pdf
Benjamin H. Bratton is Associate Professor of Visual Arts at the University of California, San Diego and Director of The Center for Design and Geopolitics think-tank at Calit2, The California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology. He is an American sociologist, architectural and design theorist, known for a mix of philosophical and aesthetic research, organizational planning and strategy, and for his writing on the cultural implications of computing and globalization1234567.

Something that Ana wrote – about the … the persistent militarization of teleology.

Simulation through scenario planning legitimizes permanent global war
Graham 11
Cities Under Siege:
The New Military Urbanism
Professor Stephen Graham
Prof of Cities and Society, Newcastle University

Meanwhile, within the US, dozens of … in turn capitalizes on playtime for institutional ends*124

Tournament: harvard | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff reinscribes the hegemony of the Settler through metaphysics that views nature as a resource. Settlerist conceptions of ownership of energy resourcesis diametrically opposed and irreconcilable with the Indigenist paradigm and ensures an ontology genocide.
Wilderson ’10 (Frank III, Associate Professor at UC Irvine, PhD from UC Berkeley, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, Duke University Press, AM)

In delineating "Savage" ontology through … result would simply be auto-genocide.

the ontology of genocide that marks the indigenous ensures social death and makes all violence inevitable
Wilderson ’10 (Frank III, Associate Professor at UC Irvine, PhD from UC Berkeley, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, Duke University Press, PV) 

When Rudy and Mogie are on screen … ; he laughs, sardonically, in the face of its bad faith.

only wallowing on the gratuitous violence of savage genocide can challenge the antagonism of white Settler society
Wilderson ’10 (Frank III, Associate Professor at UC Irvine, PhD from UC Berkeley, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, Duke University Press, PV) 

I am not suggesting that there is no … contained through analogy to postcolonial anger.

Politics must start with the grammar of genocide - only then can the Settler-Savage antagonism be dismantled
Wilderson ’10 (Frank III, Associate Professor at UC Irvine, PhD from UC Berkeley, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, Duke University Press, PV) 

The crowding out, or disavowal, of the … able to¶ embrace genocide as a structural lack.

Tournament: harvard | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff’s invocation of death impacts is necrophilia, a blind obsession with body counts that ends in extinction. Vote neg to reject death impacts—this is a gateway issue—if they win death impacts are good, the rest of the 1NC applies—we won’t cross-apply to prove links
Erich Fromm 64, PhD in sociology from Heidelberg in 1922, psychology prof at MSU in the 60’s, “Creators and Destroyers”, The Saturday Review, New York (04. January 1964), pp. 22-25

People are aware of the possibility of nuclear …will not cease the struggle against necrophilia.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff’s invocation of death impacts is necrophilia, a blind obsession with body counts that ends in extinction. Vote neg to reject death impacts—this is a gateway issue—if they win death impacts are good, the rest of the 1NC applies—we won’t cross-apply to prove links
Erich Fromm 64, PhD in sociology from Heidelberg in 1922, psychology prof at MSU in the 60’s, “Creators and Destroyers”, The Saturday Review, New York (04. January 1964), pp. 22-25

People are aware of the possibility of nuclear war; they are aware of the
AND
those of us who love life will not cease the struggle against necrophilia.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Interpretation – Production must include extraction – consensus
Barrett 93
OIL AND GAS: ROYE REALTY V. WATSON: ARE ROYALTIES OWED ON ALL TAKE-OR-PAY SETTLEMENTS IN OKLAHOMA?
 46 Okla. L. Rev. 745
Law student

 In such a royalty clause, as a precondition of sale, the oil
AND
the terms "produced" or "production" are not used. n95 

B. Violation – Statutory authority defines “production” as the OPPOSITE of transport
Graves and Seidler 94
 Mr. Graves is a Commissioner of the Oklahoma Corporation Commission. He received a B.A. from the University of Oklahoma in 1982 and a J.D. from Georgetown University Law School in 1989. Ms. Seidler is General Counsel for American Central Gas Companies, Inc. She received a J.D. from the University of Tulsa College of Law in 1987.
 15 Energy L. J. 405 

 Section 1(b) of the NGA provides that, "the provisions
AND
least in theory, in terms of what "transportation" is not.

C. Vote Neg
Precision – Oil and gas regs demand that technical definitions trump
Brown 59
Circuit judge, dissenting opinion
 CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY, Petitioner, v. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION, Respondent  No. 17016  UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FIFTH CIRCUIT  266 F.2d 208; 1959 U.S. App. LEXIS 5196; 10 Oil and Gas Rep. 601 

 Indeed, I do not think that my cautious Brothers would have undertaken this
AND
, 8). Section 1(b) draws the line at production. 

Limits—their interpretation allows affs that impact the entire energy sector
Sagar, PhD materials science, Oliver, PhD engineering, and Chikkatur, PhD physics, ‘5
(Ambuj, Hongyan, and Ananth, all three are research fellows – Kennedy School of Govt @ Harvard, 7 Vt. J. Envtl. L. 1)

The energy sector encompasses activities relating to the production, conversion, and use of
AND
in industrial, residential, commercial, transportation and other end-uses.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Fossil fuel production is the core driver of current neoliberal imperialism
Brand and Wissen 12
Ulrich Brand and Markus Wissen (2012): Crisis and continuity
of capitalist society-nature relationships: The imperial mode of living and the
limits to environmental governance, Review of International Political Economy,
DOI:10.1080/09692290.2012.691077
Ulrich Brand and Markus Wissen work at the Institute of Political Science at
the University of Vienna on society-nature relationships and critical state and
governance studies.

From an environmental perspective, this development has paradoxical effects: On the one hand
AND
and consumption that lie at the heart of the imperial mode of living.

The IDEOLOGICAL commitment to energy producivism key to consumption -causes tech positivism, ecoinjustice and neoliberal expansionism - EXTINCTION
Byrne et al 9
http://bst.sagepub.com/content/29/2/81.full.pdf+html

“Living Well”: Growth Without End Since the industrial revolution, social progress has
AND
in scale, its most extensive threat to life in all forms.5

The logic of the 1AC is predicated on SIMULATED ENERGY SCENARIO PLANNING.  This mode of forecasting expresses POLITICS not SCIENCE – it expresses a set of HISTORICALLY CONTINGENT social CHOICES, NOT accurate models
Labban 12
Preempting Possibility: Critical Assessment of the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2010
(e-mail: labban@rci.rutgers.edu) is visiting assistant professor of Geography at Rutgers University, Lucy Stone Hall, 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854. His research interests include critical theory, political economy, development, energy, petroleum, geopolitics, international law, and finance. He is the author of Space, Oil and Capital (Routledge, 2008).

THINKING THE (NOT) UNTHINKABLE: FORECASTING AS DESIRING

Growing uncertainty about energy markets following the crises of the 1970s boosted long-term
AND
the moment that scenarios produce possibilities they negate the very notion of possibility.

The methodology of Shell extends beyond the boardroom to the war room.  SCENARIO PLANNING – specifically through GAMING SIMULATION – creates a prophetic futures market in violence that creates a globalized system of pre-emptive violence
Bratton 4
http://jordancrandall.com/underfire/binnen-def.pdf
Benjamin H. Bratton is Associate Professor of Visual Arts at the University of California, San Diego and Director of The Center for Design and Geopolitics think-tank at Calit2, The California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology. He is an American sociologist, architectural and design theorist, known for a mix of philosophical and aesthetic research, organizational planning and strategy, and for his writing on the cultural implications of computing and globalization1234567.

Something that Ana wrote – about the Battlefield 1942 game, and the way in
AND
the name of its own competing prophecies: the persistent militarization of teleology.

Energy debates should focus on CRITIQUE of broad structures INSTEAD of producitivist fixes.  Our ROLE OF THE BALLOT is best EVEN IF they win some truth claims – we must SHIFT THE FRAME
Zehner 12
Green illusions,
Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent publications include public science pieces in Christian Science Monitor, The American Scholar, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, The Humanist, The Futurist, and Women’s Studies Quarterly. He has appeared on PBS, BBC, CNN, MSNBC, and regularly guest lectures at universities. Zehner’s research and projects have been covered by The Sunday Times, USA Today, WIRED, The Washington Post, Business Week and numerous other media outlets. He also serves on the editorial board of Critical Environmentalism. Zehner primarily researches the social, political and economic conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes. His work also incorporates symbolic roles that energy technologies play within political and environmental movements. His other research interests include consumerism, urban policy, environmental governance, international human rights, and forgeries. Zehner attended Kettering University (BS -Engineering) and The University of Amsterdam (MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies). His research was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco.

Since this book represents a critique of alternative energy, it may seem an unlikely
AND
would benefit by shifting our focus. Our very relevance depends on it.

reject the aff’s embrace of UNSUSTAINABLE neoliberal ideology to REPOLITICIZE the energy debate – frames of ideological justification must PRECEDE the ENGINEEERING debate over energy
Byrne and Toly 6
http://seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_etal.pdf
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

Differences in ecological commitments between conventional and sustainable energy strategies still demarcate a battleground that
AND
.  The challenge of a social inquiry into energy-society relations awaits.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Trade doesn’t solve war
Martin et. al. 8 (Phillipe, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, and Centre for Economic Policy Research; Thierry MAYER, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, CEPII, and Centre for Economic Policy Research, Mathias THOENIG, University of Geneva and Paris School of Economics, The Review of Economic Studies 75)

Does globalization pacify international relations? The “liberal” view in political science argues
AND
, even taking into account the increase in the number of sovereign states.

Natural gas not key to trade – 

Zero risk of protectionism
Ahearn 9 Raymond, CRS Specialist in International Trade and Finance, “The Global Economic Downturn and Protectionism,” March 23, 2009, http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/19395.pdf

There are a number of reasons why the threat of a return to protectionist,
AND
(both investigations initiated and imposition of duties) surged in 2008.”13

Won’t cause military conflict
Bradford 9 (Anu, Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School, Future of the WTO, http://uchicagolaw.typepad.com/faculty/2009/02/future-of-the-wto-governing-the-world-economy-beyond-trade.html)

Acknowledging this shift towards regionalism, Richard asks: “Will we see competition between
AND
energy-rich states in the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Prices are headed back to $7
Hurdle, writer for the Main Wire, 9/14/2012
(Jon, “U.S. Natgas Prices Firming on Lower Production,” Lexis)
While the upcoming winter is an important price determinant that can't be predicted far in
AND
.S. natural gas producer with about 10% of aggregate output.
In a presentation to energy analysts on Sept. 6, McClendon predicted the days of $2 to $3 gas will be "quickly over" but the market won't return to the $8 to $10 range. He said it's likely in coming years to trade between $4 and $7 where there is "a lot of money to be made."

No Exports:

A. Not profitable
Leibreich 12
Michael Leibreich, Energy Genius: started the independent market-research firm Bloomberg New Energy Finance, which takes the dynamics of cleantech markets seriously and produces credible data and analysis on them. Is an energy polymath, a frequent speaker, commentator, and participant on more boards, panels, advisory groups, and foundations than I care to list, Interviewed by David Roberts, Staff writer at Grist, Grist, July 2, 2012, "The new fossil-fuel glut: Less glutty than you think", http://grist.org/fossil-fuels/the-new-fossil-fuel-glut-less-glutty-than-you-think/

But it also means you’ve got the other 75 percent of the energy matrix to
AND
12 or $13 forever in order to earn a return on that.

B. Other countries can't receive LNG
Real Clear Energy 12
Real Clear Energy, April 30, 2012, "The Natural Gas Export Infrastructure Takes Shape", http://www.realclearenergy.org/charticles/2012/04/30/natural_gas_export_infrastructure_takes_shape_106542.html

With natural gas supplies in a glut and prices at ten-year lows,
AND
-FTA countries often have them. South Korea is the only exception.

C. They don't solve crew shortages or congestion
Kavalov et al 09
B. Kavalov, H. Petri´c, A. Georgakaki, JRC Reference Reports, 2009, "Liquefied Natural Gas for Europe – Some Important Issues for Consideration", http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/downloads/jrc_reference_report_200907_liquefied_natural_gas.pdf

5. LNG Shipping: Shipping is the most volatile cost parameter in the whole
AND
where there are more stringent safety and security rules for handling LNG carriers.

US – Japan relations are strong and resilient – rooted in common interest
AFP 10 (“US, Japan relations unaffected by Prime Minister's resignation,” Agence France Presse, June 2, 2010, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jBNtvewQHZM2q35LVUaMKfsQ9ljg) 

WASHINGTON — The White House said Wednesday Japan was one of America's "best friends
AND
be," Burton said on Air Force One as Obama flew to Pittsburgh.

No risk of Asia war – Peaceful China and multilateral institutions
Bitzinger 9
Richard, Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Barry, Dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Director of the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, “ Why East Asian War is Unlikely,” Survival | vol. 50 no. 6 | December 2008–January 2009

 The Asia-Pacific region can be regarded as a zone of both relative
AND
worth taking seriously, is not quite as threatening as some might argue. 

Industry resilient - empirics

Picker 09
Stefan Picker and David Große Kathöfer, editors for the Journal of Business Chemistry, Journal of Business Chemistry, January 2009, "Discussing challenges in the chemical industry for five years", Volume 6, Issue 1,
http://www.businesschemistry.org/article/?article=27

This will likely be even more so the case in the near future, with
AND
analyses of how to act and react in an era of fundamental change.

Can't solve - Regulations

Shannon 10
Mike Shannon Global and US Sector Leader Chemicals and Performance Technologies, KPMG, independent Swiss consulting firm, 2010, "The Outlook for the US Chemical Industry", http://www.kpmg.com/US/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/us-chemical-industry-outlook.pdf

Regulations are becoming more stringent in virtually all markets around the world. The Obama
AND
2.8 billion over the first 11 years of the regulation. 67

Industry innovation decline inevitable

Lechleiter 12
John Lechleiter, Chairman, president and chief executive officer of Eli Lilly and Company. I also serve as chairman of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). I joined Lilly in 1979, as a senior organic chemist in process research and development. Before that, I received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Xavier University (Cincinnati, Ohio) and subsequently studied organic chemistry as a National Science Foundation Fellow at Harvard University, where I received my master’s and doctorate degrees. I also serve on the boards of Nike, Inc., United Way Worldwide, Xavier University, the Life Sciences Foundation, and the Central Indiana Corporate Partnership. I’m a member of the American Chemical Society and Business Roundtable, Forbes, July 17, 2012, "An Internal Failure To Innovate Is America's Greatest Global Threat ", http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnlechleiter/2012/07/17/an-internal-failure-to-innovate-is-americas-greatest-global-threat/

Just this month, we learned that the U.S. dropped to 10th
AND
in 2012, a 57,000 percent increase over the preceding decade!

Natural gas doesn’t drive Russian expansionism
Goldthau, transatlantic fellow – RAND Corp, ‘8
(Andreas, “Resurgent Russia? Rethinking Energy Inc.,” Policy Review 147, February/March)
Myth 2: Gazprom is instrumental in the Kremlin’s foreign policy agenda
The truth is: Gazprom and the Kremlin are intertwined, but the interests of
AND
political reasons. But not necessarily at any occasion it would like to.
No impact to alliance and collapse inevitable
Leonard 12 (Mark Leonard is co-founder and director of the European Council on Foreign Relations, the first pan-European think tank., 7/24/2012, "The End of the Affair", www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/07/24/the_end_of_the_affair)

But Obama's stellar personal ratings in Europe hide the fact that the Western alliance has
AND
for both sides to wake up and realize just what is at stake.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

2nc role of ballot

Fighting for government change is suicidal in the energy system – our position as academics must prioritize SOCIAL ANALYSIS above PRAGMATISM

Byrne and Toly 6

http:~/~/seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_pdf

Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

Democratic Authoritarian Impulses and Uncritical Capitalist Assumptions When measured in social and political-economic

AND

, leave modernism undisturbed (except, perhaps, for its environmental performance).

2nc at: perm

Increasing energy production is the exact opposite of democratizing energy debates—any link is enough

Byrne et al 9

http:~/~/bst.sagepub.com/content/29/2/81.pdf+html

Paradigm Shift Shedding the institutions that created the prospect of climate change will not happen

AND

economy and a community trust to achieve the goal of postmodern energy sustainability.

2nc at: cap good

They confuse MARKETS and NEOLIBERALISM – energy neoliberalism FUSES markets and states in a new anti-demcoratic form

Yu 9

http:~/~/www.ceep.udel.edu/publications/2009_es_BSTS_SEU_restore_local_energy_regime_Seoul_Korea_Yu_Jung%20Min.pdf

Jung-Min Yu is a research associate and doctoral student

at the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy of the

University of Delaware.

Restoration of a Local Energy Regime The governmental monopoly and liberalized power market, despite

AND

The implications of this energy paradigm shift are discussed in greater detail below.

at globalization good

Free trade is never truly free – it is always violent

Giroux ‘6, (Henry A. Giroux currently holds the Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in Canada.  “Dirty Democracy and State Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 26.2 (2006) 163-177.)

While it would be ludicrous to suggest that the United States either represents a mirror

AND

1990s alone, war forced 20 million children to leave their homes.16 

Neoliberalism isn’t globalism – it oscillates between linkage and crisis decoupling

Smith 8

PhD Johns Hopkins 1982; Dist Prof) Political economy, urban social theory, space, nature-culture, history and theory of geography (nsmith@gc.cuny.edu) Prof. SmithNeil Smith was trained as a geographer and his research explores the broad intersection between space, nature, social theory and history. He teaches in urban anthropology, cultural anthropology and environmental anthropology, and directs the Center for Place Culture and Politics. His environmental work is largely theoretical, focusing on questions of the production of nature. His urban interests include long term research on gentrification, including empirical work in North America and Europe and a series of theoretical papers emphasizing the importance of patterns of investment and disinvestment in the the real estate market. He also writes more broadly on New York City, focusing especially on the "revanchist city" which has filled the vacuum left in the wake of liberal urban theory.

The tendency toward the equalization of conditions and levels of production is a central plank

AND

mountain to climb. For them, New York is an Everest away.

neolib v russia

US-Russia cooperation’s built to uphold the existing neoliberal order through structural violence

Williams 12

Imagining Russia:

Making Feminist Sense of American Nationalism in U.S.-Russian Relations

I was born and raised in Warwick, Rhode Island, just ninety minutes south of Boston in the heart of beautiful Southern New England. I completed an undergraduate degree in history and theatre at Rhode Island College, an M.A. in history at the University of Toronto, and tried to make a living as an actor in New York City before figuring out that my intellectual and political home is in women's, gender, and sexuality studies. I ditched New York for the DC metro area and, in 2008, earned a Ph.D. in Women's Studies from the University of Maryland. After a year as a Visiting Lecturer in the Gender Studies Department at Indiana University, I moved to Canada and am now Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator of Women's Studies in the Department of Humanities at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta, in the foothills of the gorgeous Canadian Rockies.

The FSA thus codifies the freedom of U.S. corporations to develop and

AND

economic agenda ol world capitalism under the sign ol a quest lor democracy.

! US-Russian co-operation is economic colonialism, that uses threat con as a pretext – turns the case and immiserates Russia

Williams 12

Imagining Russia:

Making Feminist Sense of American Nationalism in U.S.-Russian Relations

I was born and raised in Warwick, Rhode Island, just ninety minutes south of Boston in the heart of beautiful Southern New England. I completed an undergraduate degree in history and theatre at Rhode Island College, an M.A. in history at the University of Toronto, and tried to make a living as an actor in New York City before figuring out that my intellectual and political home is in women's, gender, and sexuality studies. I ditched New York for the DC metro area and, in 2008, earned a Ph.D. in Women's Studies from the University of Maryland. After a year as a Visiting Lecturer in the Gender Studies Department at Indiana University, I moved to Canada and am now Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator of Women's Studies in the Department of Humanities at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta, in the foothills of the gorgeous Canadian Rockies.

programs over the course of the last four decades. Calling Russia's "transition"

AND

, despite the fact that Russian military and economic structures were ncaring total collapse

2nc unsustainable

The system’s unsustainable—1NC ev

Militarism, ecology, and unemployment—past fixes won’t work because FINANCIALIZATION changed the game

Meszaros 12

http:~/~/monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/org/2012/03/01/structural-crisis-needs-structural-change

István Mészáros (born December 19, 1930) is a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Sussex. He held the Chair of Philosophy at Sussex for fifteen years and was earlier Professor of Philosophy and Social Science for four years at York University.

For a start, to talk about “advanced capitalism”—when the capital system

AND

poisoning the human environment with its mass-produced waste and effluence.8

Delay makes the crisis worse

Smith 8

PhD Johns Hopkins 1982; Dist Prof) Political economy, urban social theory, space, nature-culture, history and theory of geography (nsmith@gc.cuny.edu) Prof. SmithNeil Smith was trained as a geographer and his research explores the broad intersection between space, nature, social theory and history. He teaches in urban anthropology, cultural anthropology and environmental anthropology, and directs the Center for Place Culture and Politics. His environmental work is largely theoretical, focusing on questions of the production of nature. His urban interests include long term research on gentrification, including empirical work in North America and Europe and a series of theoretical papers emphasizing the importance of patterns of investment and disinvestment in the the real estate market. He also writes more broadly on New York City, focusing especially on the "revanchist city" which has filled the vacuum left in the wake of liberal urban theory.

Jlirgen Habermas once observed that modernism was "dominant but dead." The same may

AND

may not be too optimistic to begin again to encourage a revolutionary imaginary.

The system will break down in China and India

Brand and Wissen 12

Ulrich Brand and Markus Wissen (2012): Crisis and continuity

of capitalist society-nature relationships: The imperial mode of living and the

limits to environmental governance, Review of International Political Economy,

DOI:10.1080/09692290.2012.691077

Ulrich Brand and Markus Wissen work at the Institute of Political Science at

the University of Vienna on society-nature relationships and critical state and

governance studies.

The capitalist mode of production, as argued above, is expansive and geared towards

AND

ecological costs are thus growing and gaining geopolitical and geo-economic significance.

US debt

Meszaros 12

http:~/~/monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/org/2012/03/01/structural-crisis-needs-structural-change

István Mészáros (born December 19, 1930) is a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Sussex. He held the Chair of Philosophy at Sussex for fifteen years and was earlier Professor of Philosophy and Social Science for four years at York University.

Let me start by quoting a recent article by the editors of the authoritative daily

AND

developments “dramatically underlined the intensification of the global structural crisis of capital.”

at: cede the political

The alt is cool with the state, but not with the technocratic state

Only risk of a link turn—tech fixes create scientific authoritarianism—only the alt enables deliberative citizenship

Byrne and Toly 6

http:~/~/seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_pdf

Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

The Technique of Modern Energy Governance While moderns usually declare strong preferences for democratic governance

AND

sacrificed for an energy transition that is regarded as scientifically and technologically unassailable.

at: neolib inevitable—biology

Reject sociobiological determinism—it’s wrong, racist, sexist and justifies genocide—they can’t kick this argument because it’s the basis of their ideological frame

New York Review of Book 75

Letter signed by Elizabeth Allen, pre-medical student, Brandeis University; Barbara Beckwith, teacher, Watertown Public High School; Jon Beckwith, professor, Harvard Medical School; Steven Chorover, professor of psychology, MIT; David Culver, visiting professor of biology, Harvard School of Public Health, professor of biology, Northwestern; Margaret Duncan, research assistant, Harvard Medical School; Steven Gould, professor in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University; Ruth Hubbard, professor of biology, Harvard University; Hiroshi Inouye, resident fellow, Harvard Medical School; Anthony Leeds, professor of anthropology, Boston University; Richard Lewontin, professor of biology, Harvard University; Chuck Madansky, graduate student in microbiology, Harvard Medical School; Larry Miller, student, Harvard Medical School; Reed Pyeritz, doctor, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston; Miriam Rosenthal, research associate, Harvard School of Public Health; Herb Schreier, psy chiatrist, Massachusetts General Hospital. (Affiliations for identification only.)

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1975/nov/13/against-sociobiology/?pagination=false

Beginning with Darwin’s theories of natural selection 125 years ago, new biological and genetic

AND

but because it appears to signal a new wave of biological determinist theories.

at: alt fails—elites

Effective north/south coalitions emerging—elites won’t stick with the system

Harvey ’11(Ryan, writer, an organizer with the Civilian-Soldier Alliance, “Globalization” Is Coming Home: Protests Spread as Financial Institutions Target Global North”, Thursday 27 October 2011, http://www.truth-out.org/world-finally-fighting-infection-neoliberalism/1320164620?q=globalization-coming-home-protests-spread-financial-institutions-target-global-north/1319721791)

Shortly before the once-prized economy of Argentina collapsed at the end of 2001

AND

of a global economy designed for a minority of the world’s wealthiest people.

New movements make now key

Harvey ’11 (Ryan, writer, an organizer with the Civilian-Soldier Alliance, “Globalization” Is Coming Home: Protests Spread as Financial Institutions Target Global North”, Thursday 27 October 2011, http://www.truth-out.org/world-finally-fighting-infection-neoliberalism/1320164620?q=globalization-coming-home-protests-spread-financial-institutions-target-global-north/1319721791)

Though it reads like a mystical story of upheaval, to say that the protests

AND

accurate to say that right now, the whole world really is watching.

AT: Applications to Export Now

Applications don't equal investment - still too risky to build facilities

Phillips 12

Matthew Phillips, staff writer, Bloomberg, August 22, 2012, "Strange Bedfellows Debate Exporting Natural Gas", http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-22/strange-bedfellows-debate-exporting-natural-gas#p1

In the last two years, companies have rushed to apply to the Department of

AND

terminal, it only costs $50 to apply for the right to.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Energy metaphors look like science but aren’t – they’re the ILLUSION of explanation

Zepf 10

Siegfried Zepf, MD, is former director of the

Institute of Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic

Medicine of the University of Saarland,

Germany.

International Forum of Psychoanalysis. 2010; 19: 314

Without knowing exactly what the metaphor1 of Freud’s cathectic-theoretical statements stands for  so

AND

problems and the need for explanations that are more pertinent to the issues.

Misapplications of energy metaphors are the worst form of scientism

Clarke 1

Energy Forms:

Allegory and Science in the Era of Classical Thermodynamics

Bruce Clarke is Professor of Literature and Science at Texas Tech University

Scientism has formerly been conceptualized according to what Bruno Latour calls the diffusion model of

AND

and deformed conceptions scientism has typically been a term of bad intellectual repute.

Energy transfer into the social order was the height of scientific determinism

Clarke 1

Energy Forms:

Allegory and Science in the Era of Classical Thermodynamics

Bruce Clarke is Professor of Literature and Science at Texas Tech University

. The mode! of energy presented by this vision of universal heat death is

AND

impossible, unless energy of a superior form be communicated from without."23

Scientism leads to extinction and displaces crucial ACTUAL science

Hedge 6

Belle M Hegde The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK Northern Colorado University, USA, Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla, India MAHE University, Manipal, India http:~/~/www.kma.org.kw/KMJ/Issues/des2006/PDF-Dec-06/Editorial%20Article/78-05%20Science%20Vs%20Scientism.pdf

Scientism, on the contrary, is like a powerful religion that tries to influence

AND

s p o n s i b i l i t y themselves! 

Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Don’t universalize science and tech – it destroys liberatory possibility and fails

Haraway 91

Donna Haraway, professor and former chair of the History of org/wiki/History_of_Consciousness||title="History of Consciousness" Program at the University of California, Santa org/wiki/University_of_California%2C_Santa_Cruz||title="University of California, Santa Cruz", 1991

http:~/~/www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/Haraway/html

Race, gender, and capital require a cyborg theory of wholes and parts.

AND

the spiral dance, I would rather be a cyborg than a goddess.

Embrace tech even if it’s flawed - Nuclear war is only way back to the garden

HARAWAY 91

Donna Haraway, professor and former chair of the History of org/wiki/History_of_Consciousness||title="History of Consciousness" Program at the University of California, Santa org/wiki/University_of_California%2C_Santa_Cruz||title="University of California, Santa Cruz", 1991

http:~/~/www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/Haraway/html

An origin story in the 'Western', humanist sense depends on the myth of original

AND

unfaithful to their origins. Their fathers, after all, are inessential.

Tournament: usc | Round: 4 | Opponent: kansas cg | Judge: weil
1NC – SHELL

The aff’s vision of self-reliant energy bunkers is banishes the anxiety of our environmental condition – the archipelago free of danger ensures total war against those outside who threaten our protected spaces
DUFFIELD ‘11 (Mark, “Total War as Environmental Terror:
Linking Liberalism, Resilience, and the Bunker” South Atlantic Quarterly, Against the Day, EBSCO)
Total war is usually understood in terms of … power without the need for negotiation or compromise.

The militarization of the urban through the bunker leads to extinction
DUFFIELD ‘11 (Mark, “Total War as Environmental Terror: Linking Liberalism, Resilience, and the Bunker” South Atlantic Quarterly, Against the Day, EBSCO)
The classic military response to environmental …eloquently argued, the need to recover a political existence is more pressing than ever.

This process of violence extends beyond the plan to their PREDICTIVE METHODOLOGY.  The forecasting of non-linear dynamics in ENERGY SYSTEMS can be analyzed HISTORICALLY as a form of violence that securitizes the FUTURE
Labban 12
Preempting Possibility: Critical Assessment of the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2010
(e-mail: labban@rci.rutgers.edu) is visiting assistant professor of Geography at Rutgers University, Lucy Stone Hall, 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854. His research interests include critical theory, political economy, development, energy, petroleum, geopolitics, international law, and finance. He is the author of Space, Oil and Capital (Routledge, 2008).

THINKING THE (NOT) UNTHINKABLE: FORECASTING AS DESIRING

Growing uncertainty about energy … produce possibilities they negate the very notion of possibility.

The methodology extends beyond the boardroom to the war room.  SCENARIO PLANNING – specifically through GAMING SIMULATION – creates a prophetic futures market in violence that creates a globalized system of pre-emptive violence
Bratton 4
http://jordancrandall.com/underfire/binnen-def.pdf
Benjamin H. Bratton is Associate Professor of Visual Arts at the University of California, San Diego and Director of The Center for Design and Geopolitics think-tank at Calit2, The California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology. He is an American sociologist, architectural and design theorist, known for a mix of philosophical and aesthetic research, organizational planning and strategy, and for his writing on the cultural implications of computing and globalization1234567.

Something that Ana wrote – about the … competing prophecies: the persistent militarization of teleology.

The retreat to fortified military bases to sustain archipelagos creates a violent militarization of the urban space
Graham 11
Stephen Graham, Professor @ Newcastle University, pg. 85-98, 2011, Nonkilling Geography
Edited by James Tyner and Joshua Inwood, "The New Military Urbanism"

As our planet urbanizes more rapidly than … the new military urbanism’s four key foundations.

Urban militarization causes extinction
Stephen Graham, Professor @ Newcastle University, 2011, “Cities under Siege”
At the same time, both national and …and personal: security is coming home'.85

University-based resistance to MILITARIZATION of CIVIL SOCIETY is both necessary and sufficient for global survival – HOPE for the alternative is crucial to activating AGENCY.  Their solvency presses are the politics of cyncicism
Morris 7
http://www.edrev.info/essays/v10n10.pdf
cott Morris teaches in the Curriculum and Instruction Department at Eastern New Mexico University.

While “contestation and struggle” still exist (… human race; or shall mankind renounce war?”

Tournament: nu | Round: 3 | Opponent: wake hq | Judge:
Fighting for government change is suicidal in the energy system – our position as academics must prioritize SOCIAL ANALYSIS above PRAGMATISM
Byrne and Toly 6
http://seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_etal.pdf
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

Democratic Authoritarian Impulses and Uncritical … (except, perhaps, for its environmental performance).

disaster logic extends militarism – we become archivists of permanent catastrophe
Massumi 11
Brian Massumi, philosopher and political theorist. His publications include Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation and Semblance and Event: Activist Philosophy and the Occurrent Arts (forthcoming 2011). He is a professor in the communication department at the University of Montreal, Friday 15 April 2011 "The half-life of disaster" http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/apr/15/half-life-of-disaster

The world watched in horror as … it is designed to respond to or preempt.

Energy debates should focus on CRITIQUE of broad structures INSTEAD of producitivist fixes.  Our METHODOLOGY is best EVEN IF they win some truth claims – we must SHIFT THE FRAME
Zehner 12
Green illusions,
Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent publications include public science pieces in Christian Science Monitor, The American Scholar, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, The Humanist, The Futurist, and Women’s Studies Quarterly. He has appeared on PBS, BBC, CNN, MSNBC, and regularly guest lectures at universities. Zehner’s research and projects have been covered by The Sunday Times, USA Today, WIRED, The Washington Post, Business Week and numerous other media outlets. He also serves on the editorial board of Critical Environmentalism. Zehner primarily researches the social, political and economic conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes. His work also incorporates symbolic roles that energy technologies play within political and environmental movements. His other research interests include consumerism, urban policy, environmental governance, international human rights, and forgeries. Zehner attended Kettering University (BS -Engineering) and The University of Amsterdam (MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies). His research was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco.

Since this book represents a critique of alternative …. Our very relevance depends on it.

NUCLEAR DESALINATION along with PRODUCTIVIST distribution creates a water nightmare massacre
Barlow 9
Blue Covenant: The Global Water Crisis and the Coming Battle for the Right Maude Victoria Barlow (born May 24, 1947) is a Canadian author and activist. She is the National Chairperson of The Council of Canadians, a citizens’ advocacy organization with members and chapters across Canada. She is also the co-founder of the Blue Planet Project, which works internationally for the human right to water. Maude chairs the board of Washington-based Food and Water Watch, is a founding member of the San Francisco–based International Forum on Globalization, and a Councillor with the Hamburg-based World Future Council. In 2008/2009, she served as Senior Advisor on Water to the 63rd President of the United Nations General Assembly. She has authored and co-authored 16 books. Maude Barlow is the recipient of 11 honorary doctorates as well as many awards, including the 2005 Right Livelihood Award (known as the “Alternative Nobel”), the Citation of Lifetime Achievement which she received at the 2008 Canadian Environment Awards, the 2009 Earth Day Canada Outstanding Environmental Achievement Award, the 2009 Planet in Focus Eco Hero Award, and the 2011 EarthCare Award, the highest international honour of the Sierra Club (U.S.).

Three scenarios collude toward disaster. Scenario one: The … - a moral and ecological imperative.

The COMMONS can reverse neoliberal water control and solves scarcity better
Barlow 9
Blue Covenant: The Global Water Crisis and the Coming Battle for the Right Maude Victoria Barlow (born May 24, 1947) is a Canadian author and activist. She is the National Chairperson of The Council of Canadians, a citizens’ advocacy organization with members and chapters across Canada. She is also the co-founder of the Blue Planet Project, which works internationally for the human right to water. Maude chairs the board of Washington-based Food and Water Watch, is a founding member of the San Francisco–based International Forum on Globalization, and a Councillor with the Hamburg-based World Future Council. In 2008/2009, she served as Senior Advisor on Water to the 63rd President of the United Nations General Assembly. She has authored and co-authored 16 books. Maude Barlow is the recipient of 11 honorary doctorates as well as many awards, including the 2005 Right Livelihood Award (known as the “Alternative Nobel”), the Citation of Lifetime Achievement which she received at the 2008 Canadian Environment Awards, the 2009 Earth Day Canada Outstanding Environmental Achievement Award, the 2009 Planet in Focus Eco Hero Award, and the 2011 EarthCare Award, the highest international honour of the Sierra Club (U.S.).

Water Democracy The alternative to crisis … and provide wastewater services
to the public.

Tournament: nu | Round: 1 | Opponent: iowa | Judge:
The methodology of Shell extends beyond the boardroom to the war room.  SCENARIO PLANNING – specifically through GAMING SIMULATION – creates a prophetic futures market in violence that creates a globalized system of pre-emptive violence
Bratton 4
http://jordancrandall.com/underfire/binnen-def.pdf
Benjamin H. Bratton is Associate Professor of Visual Arts at the University of California, San Diego and Director of The Center for Design and Geopolitics think-tank at Calit2, The California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology. He is an American sociologist, architectural and design theorist, known for a mix of philosophical and aesthetic research, organizational planning and strategy, and for his writing on the cultural implications of computing and globalization1234567.

Something that Ana wrote – about the … prophecies: the persistent militarization of teleology.

Simulation through scenario planning legitimizes permanent global war
Graham 11
Cities Under Siege:
The New Military Urbanism
Professor Stephen Graham
Prof of Cities and Society, Newcastle University

Meanwhile, within the US, dozens of physical …capitalizes on playtime for institutional ends*124

links

The point of AWE is completely self-contained bunkers on the battlefireld – heres their own justification
Cahoon, air force captain, ‘11
Troy, US air force Captain, Air Force Institute of Technology, Presented to the Faculty Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering, “AIRBORNE WIND ENERGY: IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN FOR THE U.S. AIR FORCE,” http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a539255.pdf, AM

Oil is the largest energy concern for the … infrastructures for bringing in fuel and energy.

2nc at: perm

Increasing energy production is the exact opposite of democratizing energy debates—any link is enough
Byrne et al 9
http://bst.sagepub.com/content/29/2/81.full.pdf+html

Paradigm Shift Shedding the institutions that … achieve the goal of postmodern energy sustainability.

2nc role of ballot

Fighting for government change is suicidal in the energy system – our position as academics must prioritize SOCIAL ANALYSIS above PRAGMATISM
Byrne and Toly 6
http://seedconsortium.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/45925604/Byrne_etal.pdf
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware, the Center is a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy. CEEP is led by Dr. John Byrne, Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University. For his contributions to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 1992, he shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors.

Democratic Authoritarian Impulses and Uncritical … undisturbed (except, perhaps, for its environmental performance).

2nc at: cap good

They confuse MARKETS and NEOLIBERALISM – energy neoliberalism FUSES markets and states in a new anti-demcoratic form
Yu 9
http://www.ceep.udel.edu/publications/2009_es_BSTS_SEU_restore_local_energy_regime_Seoul_Korea_Yu_Jung%20Min.pdf
Jung-Min Yu is a research associate and doctoral student
at the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy of the
University of Delaware.

Restoration of a Local Energy Regime The …paradigm shift are discussed in greater detail below.

Neoliberal governance makes the state stronger – free market’s a myth
Smith 8
PhD Johns Hopkins 1982; Dist Prof) Political economy, urban social theory, space, nature-culture, history and theory of geography (nsmith@gc.cuny.edu) Prof. SmithNeil Smith was trained as a geographer and his research explores the broad intersection between space, nature, social theory and history. He teaches in urban anthropology, cultural anthropology and environmental anthropology, and directs the Center for Place Culture and Politics. His environmental work is largely theoretical, focusing on questions of the production of nature. His urban interests include long term research on gentrification, including empirical work in North America and Europe and a series of theoretical papers emphasizing the importance of patterns of investment and disinvestment in the the real estate market. He also writes more broadly on New York City, focusing especially on the "revanchist city" which has filled the vacuum left in the wake of liberal urban theory.

Neoliberal globalism has changed the world, we … nation-states. If anything, these have hardened in many places.

2nc unsustainable

Militarism, ecology, and unemployment—past fixes won’t work because FINANCIALIZATION changed the game
Meszaros 12
http://monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/structural-crisis-needs-structural-change
István Mészáros (born December 19, 1930) is a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Sussex. He held the Chair of Philosophy at Sussex for fifteen years and was earlier Professor of Philosophy and Social Science for four years at York University.

For a start, to talk about “advanced … with its mass-produced waste and effluence.8

Urbanization
John Bellamy Foster, editor of Monthly Review. He has written widely on political economy and has established a reputation as a major environmental sociologist. He is professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, and Brett Clark, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Utah, December 2012 “The Planetary Emergency”, Volume 64, Issue 07 (December) http://monthlyreview.org/2012/12/01/the-planetary-emergency

The notion that the areas of the global South, … of the world’s city dwellers now live in slums.81

2nc/1nr - heg
Unipolarity fails – data proves
Nuno P. Monteiro 12, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University, “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is Not Peaceful,” International Security, Winter 2012, Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 9-40
How well, then, does the argument that … no evidence that unipolarity is peaceful.48

2nc alt

1. Visions, not policies—demands for policy relevance devolve into RIGGED pseudo-debates
   Zehner 12
   Green illusions,
   Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent publications include public science pieces in Christian Science Monitor, The American Scholar, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, The Humanist, The Futurist, and Women’s Studies Quarterly. He has appeared on PBS, BBC, CNN, MSNBC, and regularly guest lectures at universities. Zehner’s research and projects have been covered by The Sunday Times, USA Today, WIRED, The Washington Post, Business Week and numerous other media outlets. He also serves on the editorial board of Critical Environmentalism.
   Zehner primarily researches the social, political and economic conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes. His work also incorporates symbolic roles that energy technologies play within political and environmental movements. His other research interests include consumerism, urban policy, environmental governance, international human rights, and forgeries.
   Zehner attended Kettering University (BS -Engineering) and The University of Amsterdam (MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies). His research was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco.

Even if we could afford to dramatically … that will define our lived experience.

Solvency
Takes 20 years absent massive incentives
Levitan 12 (Dave Levitan is a freelance journalist based in Philadelphia who writes about energy, the environment, and health. His articles have been published by Reuters, SolveClimate, IEEE Spectrum, and Psychology Today. In previous articles for Yale Environment 360, he has written about the potential of self-driving cars and about vehicle-to-grid technology involving electric cars., "High-Altitude Wind Energy: Huge Potential — And Hurdles", e360.yale.edu/feature/high_altitude_wind_energy_huge_potential_and_hurdles/2576/)

But scaling up past the prototype stage … periods of time with little maintenance required.

alt best for climate EVEN IF it’s too late

The alternative’s better than their strategy BECAUSE it enables best ADAPTATION EVEN IF solvency’s impossible.  ONLY our role of the ballot matters in the FUTURE
Zehner 12
Green illusions,
Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent publications include public science pieces in Christian Science Monitor, The American Scholar, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, The Humanist, The Futurist, and Women’s Studies Quarterly. He has appeared on PBS, BBC, CNN, MSNBC, and regularly guest lectures at universities. Zehner’s research and projects have been covered by The Sunday Times, USA Today, WIRED, The Washington Post, Business Week and numerous other media outlets. He also serves on the editorial board of Critical Environmentalism.
Zehner primarily researches the social, political and economic conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes. His work also incorporates symbolic roles that energy technologies play within political and environmental movements. His other research interests include consumerism, urban policy, environmental governance, international human rights, and forgeries.
Zehner attended Kettering University (BS -Engineering) and The University of Amsterdam (MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies). His research was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco.

More than a few climate scientists fear it may … free time, and higher levels of happiness. Not a bad wager.

korea

North Korea crisis caused by US imperialism
Liberation 3/16/12
http://www.pslweb.org/liberationnews/newspaper/vol-6-no-5/stop-the-threats-on-north.html
Liberation newspaper is the collective voice of the PSL, and as such, it is a paper that, like our organization, takes sides. When we cover the war in Iraq, we don’t just report on this or that Pentagon policymaker or a fact-by-fact account of the warfare on the ground. On our front page, we make clear that the war on Iraq is a criminal enterprise that has left over 1 million Iraqis dead. We make clear that those 1 million died for no other reason except for the fact that they were Iraqi, and that their deaths therefore meet the international definition of genocide: "the destruction of a people, in whole or in part." When we covered California’s Proposition 8, again, we didn’t act like we were neutral on the struggle for LGBT equality. We put on our front cover: "An Injury to One is an Injury to All!" We reported from the demonstrations as partisans and activists in the struggle.
http://www.pslweb.org/liberationnews/newspaper/vol-6-no-5/stop-the-threats-on-north.html

Above all, we are told that North Korea … to be a loyal client regime of the United States.

Internal Korean crises caused by US demonization and threat construction
Liberation 3/16/12
http://www.pslweb.org/liberationnews/newspaper/vol-6-no-5/stop-the-threats-on-north.html
Liberation newspaper is the collective voice of the PSL, and as such, it is a paper that, like our organization, takes sides. When we cover the war in Iraq, we don’t just report on this or that Pentagon policymaker or a fact-by-fact account of the warfare on the ground. On our front page, we make clear that the war on Iraq is a criminal enterprise that has left over 1 million Iraqis dead. We make clear that those 1 million died for no other reason except for the fact that they were Iraqi, and that their deaths therefore meet the international definition of genocide: "the destruction of a people, in whole or in part." When we covered California’s Proposition 8, again, we didn’t act like we were neutral on the struggle for LGBT equality. We put on our front cover: "An Injury to One is an Injury to All!" We reported from the demonstrations as partisans and activists in the struggle.

The DPRK faces severe problems, not … support of the Korean people’s right to self-determination.

chinese oil conflicts: neolib: s China Sea

Nuclear escalation over South China sea is the logic of capitalism and productivism
Rowlands 12
http://www.peopleofcolororganize.com/analysis/energy-imperialism-south-china-sea/
David T. Rowlands is a frequent contributor to Green Left Weekly.  Writer and political analyst

Unwilling to cede this rich energy province to … out including their nearest and dearest, to get that all-important fix.

Tournament: districts | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU BM | Judge: Ewing
STATE ENGAGEMENT / TOPICAL VERSION

The potential tie between Western and Native knowledge and political systems is a critical asset—their separatist politics destroys dialogue and ensures their critical politics are useless
Jesse Peters, 2005, The American Indian Quarterly 29.1and2 (2005) 337-339, Project Muse

In Toward a Native American Critical … of European analysis, is, thus simply not possible. 

Lack of political engagement turns the aff—isolates the aff to a privileged and insular position disconnected from native communities
Elvira Pulitano, associate professor in the Ethnic Studies Department at California Polytechnic State University, 2003, Toward a Native American Critical Theory, p. 91-2

From his chapter on Wynema Womack … socialites into the abstraction of metropolitan theory.

AT: THOMAS-MULLER

Their Thomas ev says state engagement is good and expanding renewables solves energy colonialism – that’s another T version of the aff
Thomas-Muller 5 (Clayton, Cree Indian and a Native energy organizer for the Indigenous Environmental Network, Moving the Movement for Transportation Justice Vol 12, No1, http://urbanhabitat.org/node/307)

With the birth of the environmental justice … be supplied continuously to future generations on Earth.

AT: DEI

He thinks engaging policy is key to resist Settlerism
Dei 2 (George Sefa, Professor of Sociology and Equity Studies@ Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto, “Rethinking the Role of Indigenous Knowledges in the Academy,” The Research Network for New Approaches to Lifelong Learning, http://www.nall.ca/res/58GeorgeDei.pdf)

The maintenance of cultural autonomy has … to validate oral testimonies as evidence in the courts.

2NC AT: STATE/ROLEPLAYING BAD

Decisionmaking skills learned from debate over technical energy issues are key to actualizing political change
Hodson, professor of education – Ontario Institute for Studies @ University of Toronto, ‘10
(Derek, “Science Education as a Call to Action,” Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 197-206)
note: SSI = socioscientific issues

The final (fourth) level of sophistication in …of discussion during the establishment of policy.

State engagement key to energy policy reform
Bulkeley, professor of geography – University of Durham, and Mol, professor of social sciences – Wageningen University, ‘3
(Harriet and Arthur, “Participation and Environmental Governance: Consensus, Ambivalence and Debate,” Environmental Values 12, p. 143–54)

FROM ‘OUTSIDERS’ TO ‘INSIDERS’: STAKEHOLDER … actors, and the environmental movement’ (Bostrom 2003, this issue).

NATIVE KNOWLEDGE BAD 1NC
Engaging the resolution and dialogue solves better—their separatist politics results in ethnographic discourse that turns the aff
Elvira Pulitano, associate professor in the Ethnic Studies Department at California Polytechnic State University, 2003, Toward a Native American Critical Theory, p. 21-22

Allen's claims, tend to ignore her critical … the political effectiveness of her critical strategies.

Tournament: districts | Round: 5 | Opponent: pitt lm | Judge: harper
MEANING POSSIBLE

Obviously words have no absolute meaning, but it’s possible to assign meaning – evaluate language situationally: that is, words can have meaning in the debate context*
Knops, Sociology – University of Birmingham, ‘7
(Andrew, “Debate: Agonism as Deliberation – On Mouffe's Theory of Democracy,” Journal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 15, Iss. 1, March)

As Pitkin explains, Wittgenstein's version of …we do use these words in similar ways.22

Voting neg establishes meaning for the resolution – it spills over in the specialized community – the act of deliberation over meaning is itself revolutionary and shouldn’t be dismissed as pointless
Knops, Sociology – University of Birmingham, ‘7
(Andrew, “Debate: Agonism as Deliberation – On Mouffe's Theory of Democracy,” Journal of Political Philosophy, Vol. 15, Iss. 1, March)

Deliberative democracy, then, is compatible with a … agreement and collective action to change oppressive practices.

AT SOLAR

solar power is electricity
Rebecca Lake Jun 10, 2010 Definition of Solar Power and How it Works http://www.livestrong.com/article/145221-definition-of-solar-power-and-how-it-works/

A major part of the green living movement … common, a solar dish or a solar power tower.

AT: LIMITS BAD

Refusing limits is totalitarian – endless criticism will crowd out diversity and radical change
Feldman, Assoc Prof Management Policy – Case Western U, ‘98
(Steven P, “Playing with the Pieces: Deconstruction and the Loss of Moral Culture,” Journal of Management Studies Vol. 35 Iss. 1, p. 59-79) 

Cultural authority imposes upon its …what truth is to faith. Only truth can stabilize a management ethics. 

NANCY

Nancy’s vision of community strips any resources necessary to combat totalitarianism – this outweighs the benefit of solving some fascist risks
May 97
Reconsidering difference: Nancy, Derrida, Levinas, and Deleuze
 By Todd May
Todd May is a political philosopher notable for his role in developing, alongside Saul Newman and Lewis Call, the theory of post-structuralist anarchism.1 He is currently Class of 1941 Memorial Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University and contributes to CounterPunch. His 1994 book The Political Philosophy of Poststructuralist Anarchism was the first to combine poststructuralist and anarchist thought, and he subsequently has published treatments of major poststructuralist philosophers, including Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault. He serves as faculty adviser for several student-run political organizations.

I want to turn first to Nancy's normative answer, or, …refer to what is or should be valued or done.34

2NC AT: ROLEPLAY BAD

Policy simulation key to creativity and decisionmaking—the detachment that they criticize is key to its revolutionary benefits
Eijkman 12
The role of simulations in the authentic learning for national security policy development: Implications for Practice / Dr. Henk Simon Eijkman. electronic resource http://nsc.anu.edu.au/test/documents/Sims_in_authentic_learning_report.pdf. Dr Henk Eijkman is currently an independent consultant as well as visiting fellow at the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy and is Visiting Professor of Academic Development, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology in India. As a sociologist he developed an active interest in tertiary learning and teaching with a focus on socially inclusive innovation and culture change. He has taught at various institutions in the social sciences and his work as an adult learning specialist has taken him to South Africa, Malaysia, Palestine, and India. He publishes widely in international journals, serves on Conference Committees and editorial boards of edited books and international journal

Policy simulations stimulate Creativity … to guide the policy process in the desired direction

That allows us to influence state policy AND is key to agency
Eijkman 12
The role of simulations in the authentic learning for national security policy development: Implications for Practice / Dr. Henk Simon Eijkman. electronic resource http://nsc.anu.edu.au/test/documents/Sims_in_authentic_learning_report.pdf. Dr Henk Eijkman is currently an independent consultant as well as visiting fellow at the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy and is Visiting Professor of Academic Development, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology in India. As a sociologist he developed an active interest in tertiary learning and teaching with a focus on socially inclusive innovation and culture change. He has taught at various institutions in the social sciences and his work as an adult learning specialist has taken him to South Africa, Malaysia, Palestine, and India. He publishes widely in international journals, serves on Conference Committees and editorial boards of edited books and international journal

However, whether as an approach to learning, …, in table format, of the synopsis below

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Evans, Martel, Awsare

1NC

Black knowledge production creates a new market for capitalist expansion. Black Gold demonstrates capitalism’s ability to create new markets within education. The ways in which knowledge is produced must begin with a political-economic analysis

D’Annibale and McLaren 4 (Valerie Catamburio, PhD, chairs the Graduate Program in Communication and Social Justice at the University of Windsor, and Peter, professor in the Division of Urban Schooling, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, UCLA, "The Strategic Centrality of Class in the Politics of "Race" and "Difference"," Cultural Studies = Critical Methodologies, Vol. 3, No. 2, 148-175 (2003))

Because post-al theories of difference often circumvent the material dimensions of difference and
AND
cultures and genuine toleration of differences?" (pp. 232- 233).

continued accession to capital results in extinction

COOK, PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR, 2006 ~DEBORAH, "STAYING ALIVE: ADORNO AND HABERMAS ON SELF-PRESERVATION UNDER LATE CAPITALISM," RETHINKING MARXISM, 18(3):433-447, ELECTRONIC~ 

In the passage in Negative Dialectics where he warns against self-preservation gone wild
AND
destroying not just the entire species, but all life on the planet. 

The debate should be a question of whose methodology best disrupts capital’s ideological hegemony. The communist hypothesis must be affirmed first to truly liberate the oppressed from their particular exploitation

Badiou 10 (The Communist Hypothesis ALAIN BADIOU Translated by David Macey and Steve Corcoran 258-260)

Nevertheless, there are many signs suggesting that this reactionary period is coming to an
AND
third era of this Idea’s existence. We can, so we must. 

Our ethico-political responsibility is to fight the forces that normalize the violence of capital - we must realize our role in that oppression first - only then can we come to terms with those disavowed through capitalist knowledge production

Daly, Senior Lecturer in Politics at University College in Northampton, ’4 (Conversations with Zizek, p. 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
our forms of social existence are founded on exclusion on a global scale.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Evans, Martel, Awsare

Framework

A. Your decision should answer the resolutional question: Is the enactment of topical action better than the status quo or a competitive option?

1. "Resolved" before a colon reflects a legislative forum

Army Officer School ’04
 (5-12, "~%23 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon", http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)

The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after "
AND
resolved:"¶ Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.

2. "USFG should" means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means

Ericson ’03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

B. They claim to win the debate for reasons other than the desirability of topical action

C. You should vote negative:

Preparation and clash: Changing the question now leaves one side unprepared, resulting in shallow, uneducational debate. Requiring debate on a communal topic forces argument development and develops persuasive skills.

Decisionmaking skills and engagement with the state energy apparatus prevents energy technocracy and actualizes radical politics

Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ’92
(Carol J., "Democratizing Technology: Citizen %26 State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990" Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)

During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to overcome its defensive posture and implement
AND
a space for a delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61

Debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims, which destroys the decision-making benefits of the activity

Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ’8
(David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 45)

Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Decisionmaking is the most portable skill—key to all facets of life and advocacy

Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ’8
(David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 9-10)

After several days of intense debate, first the United States House of Representatives and
AND
customer for out product, or a vote for our favored political candidate.

Dialogic democracy is the best way to dismantle racism—our vision of debate is the opposite of exclusion

Gooding-Williams 3
 Race, Multiculturalism and Democracy
Robert Gooding-Williams (Ph.D., Yale, 1982) is the Ralph and Mary Otis Isham Professor of Political Science and the College. He is also a Faculty Associate of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory and an affiliate of the Center for the Study of Race, Politics and Culture. His areas of interest include Du Bois, Critical Race Theory, the History of African-American Political Thought, 19th Century German Philosophy (especially Nietzsche), Existentialism, and Aesthetics (including literature and philosophy, representations of race in film, and the literary theory and criticism of African-American literature). Before coming to the University of Chicago he taught at Northwestern University (1998-2005), where he was Professor of Philosophy, Director of the Alice Berline Kaplan Center for the Humanities (2003-2005), Adjunct Professor of African American Studies, and an affiliate of the Program in Critical Theory. Before coming to Northwestern he taught at Amherst College (1988-98), where he was Professor of Black Studies and the George Lyman Crosby 1896 Professor of Philosophy, and at Simmons College (1983-88), where he taught philosophy and directed the program in Afro-American Studies.
 Issue
Constellations
Volume 5, Issue 1, pages 18–41, March 1998 

 I begin with the assumption that fostering the capacity for democratic deliber- ation
AND
justifies a form of multicultural education that is, specifically race-conscious.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Evans, Martel, Awsare

1NC

The chorus of black gold includes the phrases:

Think of all the strength you have in you
From the blood you carry within you
Ancient men, powerful men
Builders of civilization

That’s part and parcel of a nostalgic longing for a mythic and capital M masculine deployment of power that participates in a larger narrative of conquest responsible for oppression

Nhanenge 7 (Jytte, Masters @ U South Africa, paper submitted in part fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in the subject Development Studies, "ECOFEMINSM: TOWARDS INTEGRATING THE CONCERNS OF WOMEN, POOR PEOPLE AND NATURE INTO DEVELOPMENT")

Technology can be used to dominate societies or to enhance them. Thus both science
AND

3233; Schumacher 1993: 20, 126, 128, 130).

Critical awareness of discursive choices can challenge patriarchal norms

Finley 89 (Lucinda M., Visiting Professor of Law, SUNY Buffalo Law School, "SYMPOSIUM THE MORAL LAWYER: ARTICLE: BREAKING WOMEN’S SILENCE IN LAW: THE DILEMMA OF THE GENDERED NATURE OF LEGAL REASONING", 64 Notre Dame L. Rev. 886)

In engaging the law over the meaning of women’s experiences, people representing women must
AND
voices. Or, it leads to thinking about offering wholly new terms.

Their political rap reinforces a sexist and homophobic culture - its subtle articulation just make gender roles more defined

Wilt 13 James Wilt, writer for protest music, January 1, 2013, Protest Music was conceived in 2011 as a project of Lokashakti Records, a nonprofit record label based in New York City promoting innovative and incisive political and socially conscious music, Sexism and homophobia in politically conscious rap http://www.protestmusic.org/sexism-and-homophobia-in-politically-conscious-rap/

It’s been a fascinating few years for politically oriented rap. On one hand,
AND
-sex weddings, including most recently Maine, Maryland, and Washington.

The chronic footnoting of struggles against sexualized violence justifies the worst forms of violence against the bodies of black women - only starting with a politics that critique the masculine structures can free black bodies from objectification

McGuire 04 Danielle L. McGuire, Ph.D. candidate in history at Rutgers University, "It Was like All of Us Had Been Raped": Sexual Violence, Community Mobilization, and the African American Freedom Struggle, The Journal of American History (2004) 91 (3): 906-931. 

Analyses of rape play little or no role in most histories of the civil rights
AND
humiliation rape inflicts, and served as catalysts in mobilizing mass movements.11

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Evans, Martel, Awsare

conditionality good: ks

Contradictory positions crucial to solve AUTHORITARIAN pedagogy and lead to critical thinking - outweighs because only education spills over

Lewis and Dehler 00
Journal of Management Education December 2000 vol. 24 no. 6 708-725
U Cincinnati College of Business, Professor Lewis is the Interim Associate Dean of Undergraduate Programs and Professor of Management. She also leads the Kolodzik Business Scholars Program, as its themes of innovation, collaboration and globalization are closely linked to her research and teaching interests. Indeed, her work addresses paradoxes that impede and enable innovation. In particular, Dr. Lewis explores the need to manage paradoxes in three domains.  
Gordon E. Dehler, PhD. Associate Professor. The College of Charleston. School of Business and Economics. Department of Management %26 Entrepreneurship

Teaching with paradox requires "walking the talk." If students are truly going to
AND
real education has happened" (Palmer, 1998, p. 94). 

engagement

Isolating their claims as irrefutable by us because of our identity is unethical and rests on false premises

David Bridges, Centre for Applied Research in Education, University of East Anglia, 2001, The Ethics of Outsider Research, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Vol. 35, No. 3

III OUTSIDERS IMPORT DAMAGING FRAMEWORKS OF UNDERSTANDING¶ Frequent in the literature about research into
AND
participants to address together in the interests of their mutual understanding and benefit.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Evans, Martel, Awsare

2nc at: state/roleplaying bad

Decisionmaking skills learned from debate over technical energy issues are key to actualizing political change

Hodson, professor of education – Ontario Institute for Studies @ University of Toronto, ’10
(Derek, "Science Education as a Call to Action," Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 197-206)
note: SSI = socioscientific issues

The final (fourth) level of sophistication in this issues-based approach is
AND
justice are kept in the forefront of discussion during the establishment of policy.

at: personal/consistent advocacy good

Our model of education doesn’t trade off with personal convictions, but it does make debaters stronger advocates

Hodson, professor of education – Ontario Institute for Studies @ University of Toronto, ’9
(Derek, "Towards an Action-oriented Science Curriculum," Journal for Activist Science %26 Technology Education, Vol. 1, No. 1)
note: SSI = socioscientific issues

Politicization of science education can be achieved by giving students the opportunity to confront real
AND
assist students in reaching tentative solutions about where they stand on key SSI. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: Evans, Martel, Awsare

civ DA

3 – Civilization is a disaster – the discourse of development is intimately tied with the Egypt narrative of Africa black gold seeks to expose

Zerzan 10 American anarchist and primitivist philosopher and author, "Patriarchy, Civilization, And The Origins Of Gender"

Civilization, very fundamentally, is the history of the domination of nature and of
AND
earliest form and was also, in effect, the formation of gender.

Link

This is the template of footnoting female artists in discussions of identity

Clay 2003 Andreana "Keepin’ it Real : Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" American Behavioral Scientist

Similarly, Tiffany’s style of dress and attractiveness was part of the cultural¶ capital
AND
and female, ultimately the¶ same ones portrayed in hip-hop culture

The aff embeds the code of the larger system of patriarchy

Dyson 07 Michael Eric Dyson, author of "Know What I Mean? Reflections on Hip Hop" and Professor of Theology, English, and African American Studies at Georgetown University, 29 Aug 2007, Interview http://uprisingradio.org/home/2007/08/29/know-what-i-mean-rebroadcast/

Michael Eric: I am and I love his raw intelligence, his deep and
AND
and I don’t think Mr. Shakur gave adequate recognition to that relationship.

pic/alt - sexism critique solves

Analysis of white knowledge production REQUIRES CRITIQUE of sexism in music - only the pic can solve the intersections of whiteness and the male hierarchy

hooks 94 bell hooks, FEBRUARY 1994 "Sexism and Misogyny: Who Takes the Rap? Misogyny, gangsta rap, and The Piano" http://race.eserver.org/misogyny.html

The sexist, misogynist, patriarchal ways of thinking and behaving that are glorified in
AND
norm we would need to see it as an embodiment of the norm.

Critique of sexist structures are crucial to disrupting whiteness

hooks 94 bell hooks, FEBRUARY 1994 "Sexism and Misogyny: Who Takes the Rap? Misogyny, gangsta rap, and The Piano" http://race.eserver.org/misogyny.html

Gangsta rap is part of the anti-feminist backlash that is the rage right
AND
whether in gangsta rap, the black church, or the Clinton administration.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC

Restrictions on production must mandate a decrease in the quantity produced
Anell 89
Chairman, WTO panel
 "To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the
CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such
AND
PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68)
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf
The United States argued that Canada had failed to demonstrate that it effectively restricted domestic
AND
to what the situation would be in the absence of all government measures. 

No OCS restrictions
Kathleen Gramp and Jeff LaFave, CBO Budget Analysis Division, August 2012, http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/08-09-12_Oil-and-Gas_Leasing.pdf

Other than the temporary ban on leasing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, there
AND
unless a future Administration chooses to restart the process before that plan expires.

The plan changes how energy is produced, rather than restricting how much is produced

This conflation ruins the topic:

1. Including regulations is a limits disaster
   Doub 76
    Energy Regulation: A Quagmire for Energy Policy
   Annual Review of Energy
   Vol. 1: 715-725 (Volume publication date November 1976)
   DOI: 10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby %26 MacRae, 1757 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
   http://0-www.annualreviews.org.library.lausys.georgetown.edu/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435
    Mr. Doub is a principal in the law firm of Doub and Muntzing
   AND
   . He was born September 3, 1931, in Cumberland, Md. 

FERS began with the recognition that federal energy policy must result from concerted efforts in
AND
agencies. Unfortunately, this example is the rule rather than the exception. 

2. Precision: Only direct prohibition is a restriction – key to predictability
Sinha 6
http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/-http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/
 Supreme Court of India Union Of India %26 Ors vs M/S.
AND
No. 17558 of 2006~  S.B. SINHA, J :  
 We may, however, notice that this Court in State of U.P. and Others v. M/s. Hindustan Aluminium Corpn. and others ~AIR 1979 SC 1459~ stated the law thus:
"It appears that a distinction between regulation and restriction or prohibition has always been
AND
the word prohibiting or some such word, to bring out that effect." 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The aff’s invocation of death impacts is necrophilia, a blind obsession with body counts that ends in extinction. Vote neg to reject death impacts—this is a gateway issue—if they win death impacts are good, the rest of the 1NC applies—we won’t cross-apply to prove links

Erich Fromm 64, PhD in sociology from Heidelberg in 1922, psychology prof at MSU in the 60’s, "Creators and Destroyers", The Saturday Review, New York (04. January 1964), pp. 22-25

People are aware of the possibility of nuclear war; they are aware of the
AND
those of us who love life will not cease the struggle against necrophilia.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC

The affs continued investment in the face of fossil fuel failure represents the corporealization of the petroleum infrastructure that defamiliarizes systemic environmental events through the invocation of extinction disaster. We must decouple the way in which memory and petroleum infrastructures maintain the violence petroimperialism
Stephanie LeMenager is associate professor of English at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she served as director of the American Cultures and Global Contexts Center from 2007 to 2010, Spring/Summer 2011 "Petro-Melancholia: The BP Blowout and the Arts of Grief" Qui Parle: Critical Humanities and Social Sciences  Volume 19, Number 2, 

The title of an August 2010 article in the satiric newspaper The Onion, "
AND
in the service of human species survival beyond the twenty-first century.
The BP blowout poses a unique representational challenge because it follows an unusual episode of
AND
and the arguable headquarters of U.S. environmentalism after that event.
What Katrina and the BP blowout foreground is a competition between emotional investments in modernity
AND
has become a prominent theme in twenty-first century environmental rhetoric.10
Ironically, "feeling ecological" in a positive sense may consist in feeling at
AND
extinction—as if the species is unthinkable without these increasingly obsolescent objects.

Our ethics must be oriented towards contesting the ways in which the petrotopia has integrated into and degraded personhood - only this can resist the archival politics of disaster of the 1ac
Stephanie LeMenager is associate professor of English at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she served as director of the American Cultures and Global Contexts Center from 2007 to 2010, Spring/Summer 2011 "Petro-Melancholia: The BP Blowout and the Arts of Grief" Qui Parle: Critical Humanities and Social Sciences  Volume 19, Number 2, 

In Barack Obama’s June 2010 speech from the Oval Office on the Gulf oil spill
AND
as the president places them in that context. ~End Page 28~
Once we start talking of humanity in terms of the sacred, as Hannah Arendt
AND
environmental justice movement, as well as a vernacular poetry of species failure.
The Gulf Coast materializes a twentieth-century U.S. history in which
AND
privileges in a region where humanity had historically been commoditized through chattel slavery.
While the environmental justice movement is now vibrant and international, the Gulf Coast origins
AND
S. southerners within the South as a global region has become clear.
When Bullard compares the intangible quality of environmental risk with the hard realism of jobs
AND
that underlines the perception of Gulf wetlands loss as a regional peculiarity.18
Explicitly political iterations of the subsidence story linked it to human health and the survival
AND
the Gulf Coast fell out of the U.S. territorial imaginary.
One might say—as anthropologist James Clifford suggests—that ~End Page 32
AND
of voices that have no other representative (BL, 2-3).
The result of the grant proposal would be some four hundred interviews, archived at
AND
the collapse of naturecultures made vulnerable by the deregulation that feeds corporate entities.
Bayou Lafourche intends to offer an epic of oil-made-by-hand
AND
and has been for decades, a twenty-first-century ecology.
The oil industry picked up in southern Louisiana in the 1930s, with the arrival
AND
technology ever got that sophisticated, which was scarcely imaginable in the 1950s.
Windell Curole, a Cajun radio personality and marine biologist who has a large voice
AND
art (as in innovating, creating, triumphing) without the human.
The poet Martha Serpas, who has lived all her life in Bayou Lafourche, suggests a postscript to the MMS interviews that were conducted throughout her home parish. Serpas refers to the dialectic of petroleum and subsidence as "decreation" in a poem of that name and elsewhere in her collection The Dirty Side of the Storm (2007). Imagining herself in a coffin that has been unsettled and set afloat by the invading ocean, the poet writes,
    Someone will lay a plaster vault for me to ride,
    like long boxes children pull down flooded roads.
    In my plaster boat I’ll ride Gulf shores
    till I vanish like a rig in the sun.22
The poem suggests the Leeville cemetery, one of many Cajun burial sites that have
AND
petrol "world" creates an affective drag on thinking through human survival.

The logic of the 1AC is predicated on SIMULATED ENERGY SCENARIO PLANNING.  This mode of forecasting expresses POLITICS not SCIENCE – it expresses a set of HISTORICALLY CONTINGENT social CHOICES, NOT accurate models

Labban 12
Preempting Possibility: Critical Assessment of the IEA’s World Energy Outlook 2010
(e-mail: labban@rci.rutgers.edu) is visiting assistant professor of Geography at Rutgers University, Lucy Stone Hall, 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854. His research interests include critical theory, political economy, development, energy, petroleum, geopolitics, international law, and finance. He is the author of Space, Oil and Capital (Routledge, 2008).

THINKING THE (NOT) UNTHINKABLE: FORECASTING AS DESIRING

Growing uncertainty about energy markets following the crises of the 1970s boosted long-term
AND
the moment that scenarios produce possibilities they negate the very notion of possibility.

The methodology of Shell extends beyond the boardroom to the war room.  SCENARIO PLANNING – specifically through GAMING SIMULATION – creates a prophetic futures market in violence that creates a globalized system of pre-emptive violence

Bratton 4
http://jordancrandall.com/underfire/binnen-def.pdf-http://jordancrandall.com/underfire/binnen-def.pdf
Benjamin H. Bratton is Associate Professor of Visual Arts at the University of California, San Diego and Director of The Center for Design and Geopolitics think-tank at Calit2, The California Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technology. He is an American sociologist, architectural and design theorist, known for a mix of philosophical and aesthetic research, organizational planning and strategy, and for his writing on the cultural implications of computing and globalization~1~~2~~3~~4~~5~~6~~7~.

Something that Ana wrote – about the Battlefield 1942 game, and the way in
AND
the name of its own competing prophecies: the persistent militarization of teleology.

Simulation through scenario planning legitimizes permanent global war

Graham 11
Cities Under Siege:
The New Military Urbanism
Professor Stephen Graham
Prof of Cities %26 Society, Newcastle University

Meanwhile, within the US, dozens of physical simulations of US city districts are
AND
business of state violence in turn capitalizes on playtime for institutional ends*124

Alternative - Reject the affirmatives petro-topia 

We must dialectically refuse to engage with the petrotopia of the 1ac - in the face of disaster rather than archiving our relation to the petrol crisis through endless expansion of the geography of petroleum - the affective investments of the alt’s post-petrol future must resist the way in which petroleum has become embedded in our material culture and bodily relations
Stephanie LeMenager is Associate Professor of English at the University of California, Santa Barbara, American Literary History Volume 24, Number 1, Spring 2012 "The Aesthetics of Petroleum, after Oil%21"

This article offers a speculative treatment of the aesthetics of petromodernity, where petromodernity refers
AND
be shifted toward a very different looking and feeling post-petrol future.
Mimi Sheller has written about how the kinaesthetic and aesthetic dispositions created by acts of
AND
, in order to protect themselves from the extreme new weather (69).
While both Sheller and Moser are interested in emotions as indices of feasible environmental policy
AND
the human enframing and revealing of earth, thus the world we know.
As a recent Wikipedia entry asks, with unintentionally absurd poignancy: "Why is
AND
questions are for artists, broadly speaking, rather than physicists or engineers.
One of the most truly revolutionary, in the sense of world-upturning,
AND
fires so common to oil fields that they became naturalized as climate.5
The US has experienced the natureculture of petromodernity since roughly the 1920s, when,
AND
his novel, such as his communitarian college, "Mt. Hope."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Shale page

Best new studies prove shale supply is sustainable
Bird, Jackson School of Geosciences – UT Austin, 2/28/’13
(J.B., "New, Rigorous Assessment of Shale Gas Reserves Forecasts Reliable Supply from Barnett Shale Through 2030," http://www.utexas.edu/news/2013/02/28/new-rigorous-assessment-of-shale-gas-reserves-forecasts-reliable-supply-from-barnett-shale-through-2030/)

AUSTIN, Texas — A new study, believed to be the most thorough assessment
AND
is potentially analogous to offshore oil in terms of impact," Tinker says.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Navy

Steel is poised for a bounce despite slow growth
Barrons 1/3/13 ~"Top U.S. Picks in Steel Stocks for 2013," http://online.barrons.com/article/SB50001424052748703792204578219591958762254.html~~

We are upgrading and increasing target prices and estimates for a number of U.
AND
"winners" in this scenario, but service centers have outperformed historically.

Ship building Industry stable
IBIS 13
Provider of Industry market research, Global Military Shipbuilding and Submarines Industry Market Research Report from IBISWorld has Been Updated
http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/2/prweb10409009.htm

Profit margins have been relatively stable over the past five years, stemming from the
AND
development is required to develop new products and innovation in the defense area.

Naval power irrelevant-no statistical correlation
Crisher and Souva 12
Brian and Mark, Power At Sea: A Naval Power Dataset, 1865-2011. PhD candidate and PhD, Political Science Department, Florida State University
http://myweb.fsu.edu/bbc09/Crisher-Souva%20-%20Power%20At%20Sea%20v2.0%20full.pdf

Figure 4: Non-Directed Dyad Model Results Figure 7 also displays estimates and
AND
naval power and non-contiguous conflict, we find the opposite.11

Trade doesn’t solve war
Martin et. al. 8 (Phillipe, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, and Centre for Economic Policy Research; Thierry MAYER, University of Paris 1 Pantheon—Sorbonne, Paris School of Economics, CEPII, and Centre for Economic Policy Research, Mathias THOENIG, University of Geneva and Paris School of Economics, The Review of Economic Studies 75)

Does globalization pacify international relations? The "liberal" view in political science argues
AND
, even taking into account the increase in the number of sovereign states.

No challengers
Kaplan, senior fellow – Center for a New American Security, and Kaplan, frmr. vice chairman – National Intelligence Council, ’11
(Robert D and Stephen S, "America Primed," The National Interest, March/April)

But in spite of the seemingly inevitable and rapid diminution of U.S.
AND
and late-medieval Venice was brought about by far more pivotal blunders.
Think of the Indian Mutiny against the British in 1857 and 1858. Iraq in
AND
to believe that the fate of America need follow a more doomed course.
Yes, the mistakes made in Iraq and Afghanistan have been the United States’ own, but, though destructive, they are not fatal. If we withdraw sooner rather than later, the cost to American power can be stemmed. Leaving a stable Afghanistan behind of course requires a helpful Pakistan, but with more pressure Washington might increase Islamabad’s cooperation in relatively short order.
In terms of acute threats, Iran is the only state that has exported terrorism and insurgency toward a strategic purpose, yet the country is economically fragile and politically unstable, with behind-the-scenes infighting that would make Washington partisans blanch. Even assuming Iran acquires a few nuclear devices—of uncertain quality with uncertain delivery systems—the long-term outlook for the clerical regime is itself unclear. The administration must only avoid a war with the Islamic Republic.
To be sure, America may be in decline in relative terms compared to some other powers, as well as to many countries of the former third world, but in absolute terms, particularly military ones, the United States can easily be the first among equals for decades hence.
China, India and Russia are the only major Eurasian states prepared to wield military power of consequence on their peripheries. And each, in turn, faces its own obstacles on the road to some degree of dominance.
The Chinese will have a great navy (assuming their economy does not implode)
AND
Washington must only preserve its naval and air assets at their current levels.
India, which has its own internal insurgency, is bedeviled by semifailed states on its borders that critically sap energy and attention from its security establishment, and especially from its land forces; in any case, India has become a de facto ally of the United States whose very rise, in and of itself, helps to balance China.
Russia will be occupied for years regaining influence in its post-Soviet near abroad, particularly in Ukraine, whose feisty independence constitutes a fundamental challenge to the very idea of the Russian state. China checks Russia in Central Asia, as do Turkey, Iran and the West in the Caucasus. This is to say nothing of Russia’s diminishing population and overwhelming reliance on energy exports. Given the problems of these other states, America remains fortunate indeed.
The United States is poised to tread the path of postmutiny Britain. America might
AND
—but plodding competence, occasionally steely nerved and always free of illusion.

Naval primacy inevitable – US will adapt and is too far ahead
Harris 8 (Stuart, BEc (Sydney) and PhD (The Australian National University), is Professor in the Department of International Relations at the Australian National University, "China’s "new" diplomacy: tactical or fundamental change?", Google Books, pg 20)

The United States also keeps a close eye on Chinas military modernization. It believes
AND
overwhelming U.S. naval superiority will remain for a long time.

Pursuit of naval power is a form of perpetual crisis management – transforms the ocean into an externalized object in the pusuit of economic and political dominance
De Oliveira, 2k12 (Gilberto, "Naval Peacekeeping and Pirace: Time for a Critical Turn in the Debate", International Peacekeeping, 19:1, 48-61)

Second, the debate did not reflect the last decade’s critical developments concerning the liberal
AND
order to manage them through exceptional measures in a problem-solving framework.

Drilling takes forever to ramp up—doesn’t solve on time
News Observer, 10/2/’12
(http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/10/02/2384560/opening-atlantic-ocean-to-offshore.html~~%23storylink=cpy) 

But even if the Atlantic Ocean is opened to energy companies, oil and gas
AND
of developing those offshore resources versus the cost of developing the known resources."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

India

Relations inevitable but no impact and alt causalities they can’t solve

Joshi 3/1/13
Yogesh, doctoral student in international politics at the Center for International Politics, Organization and Disarmament (CIPOD), School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi studying post-Cold War transitions in Indian foreign policy. He is a CSIS-Pacific Forum young leader and also represented India at Global Zero World Summits in Paris (2010) and London (2011). Recently, he joined the steering committee of the International Network of Emerging Nuclear Specialists (INENS) as a career and professional development liaison, "U.S.-India Relations: New Delhi’s Responsibility," http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/brics/1372-us-india-relations-new-delhis-responsibility

While the U.S. presidential candidates were slugging it out during the debates
AND
U.S. insofar it wants to keep China in good humour.

Inevitable but there’s a ceiling to cooperation and we differ on fundamental issues

Kronstadt ’12
K Alan, Specialist in South Asian Affairs akronstadt@crs.loc.gov, 7-5415 Sonia Pinto Research Associate spinto@crs.loc.gov, 7-6993, "India-U.S. Security Relations: Current Engagement," November 13, 2012 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42823.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42823.pdf

U.S.-India engagement on shared security interests is a topic of interest
AND
Asia-Pacific, which is conceived as including the Indian Ocean region.

Pivot’s dead—can’t afford it, Obama won’t pursue it.

Dreyfuss 3/7/13
Robert, editor at the Nation, "Is DoD’s Asia ’Pivot’ Dead?" http://www.thenation.com/blog/173247/dods-asia-pivot-dead~~%23

Nothing could be a better sign from the administration of President Barack Obama than a
AND
bigger than the sequester, and the pivot is just too damn expensive.

India econ High now

Economic Times 3/15/13
Indian News site, "Ratan Tata sees India achieving economic growth of 7% in couple of years," http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-15/news/37744315_1_indian-economy-economic-growth-ratan-tata-http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-15/news/37744315_1_indian-economy-economic-growth-ratan-tata

Ratan Tata o Friday said he expects India to re-establish its economic growth
AND
by the fact that we have got pent up demand in the country.

Diplomacy and US retaliation check escalation.

Reuters 9/24/12
"Japan, China Military Conflict Seen Unlikely Despite Row," http://www.cnbc.com/id/49142182

Hawkish Chinese commentators have urged Beijing to prepare for military conflict with Japan as tensions
AND
stepping in to ensure that the situation does not get out of control."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

K

prag

This dialectical confrontation must be distinguished from the call for more legislation and total refusal of oil - only the alt provides the pragmatic frame that avoids historical amnesia and radical refusal by placing our risk assessment and historical memory first
Szeman 10
Imre Szeman, Canada Research Chair in Cultural Studies and Professor of English, Film Studies and Sociology at the University of Alberta, November 6th, 2010 "Oil and the Left: An interview with Imre Szeman" Andony Melathopoulos with Brian Worley, Platypus Review 29 

As for responses to the oil spill on the Left, I would say that
AND
good" substitute for. The real issue is capitalism, not oil.
More broadly, the BP disaster exemplifies the way we tend to react to disaster
AND
3,000,000 barrels into the ocean in 1979–1980.
AM: Given that the real issue is capitalism, the § Marked 20:
AND
What are the political stakes of making or failing to make this distinction?
IS: It is a heuristic move, one designed to draw attention back to
AND
does socially, and will have to do even if political circumstances change.
But I also think that conjoining capitalism to oil is productive in a more crudely
AND
itself not by limits but by the growth of profit year over year?
When I say that in thinking about oil we should think about "oil capitalism
AND
of doing what we seem so adept at today: forgetting about it.

safety/utility

The temporal and spatial expansion of petro-topia ensures its collapse and extinction. This representation is never neutral - distancing ourselves from its disaster makes it worse and short circuits ethical agency
Stephanie LeMenager is Associate Professor of English at the University of California, Santa Barbara, American Literary History Volume 24, Number 1, Spring 2012 "The Aesthetics of Petroleum, after Oil%21"

The inescapability of petroleum infrastructures in the twentieth century has entered literature in the form
AND
commerce, to expand the band-width of information and pleasure.8
As utopia, petrotopia represents itself as an ideal end-state, repressing the
AND
, in turn, invite the return of repressed consequences, irreversible damage.
The points at which utopian imagining, "the infinite work of the imagination’s power
AND
be the closest analogue to hope that we inherit from the twentieth century.
In the early 1970s, on the verge of the world oil crisis that would
AND
, sustaining relations as a "fourth ecology" within the urban region.
Banham naturalizes the urban petroscape by explicitly comparing it to Los Angeles’s coastal ecology,
AND
, a perpetually available Nature open to the varied practices of industrial leisure.
When the paradise of modernity met smog, the LA Times initially reported the city
AND
both tourism and real estate values suffered ("Atmospheric" n.p.).
Personal means of remediation, such as the "smog mask," the "smog
AND
.p.). The effects of smog on Los Angeles sociality are implicit.
Smog suggested a climate of irreversibility, damage wrought by modernity, and therefore a
AND
Los Angeles poses the question: is "environment" life or media?
The seemingly postmodern idea of the environment as screen, specifically, may originate in
AND
their existence by providing exemplary views (qtd. in Hise 23).11
The word "parkway" indicates a history of auto usage that predates the 1930s
AND
and sounds of industries producing biochemical effluents already building toward the smog crisis.
The genealogy of Los Angeles’s car culture from the production of cheap petroleum coming out
AND
the historical problem of irreversibility makes their plan for Los Angeles recognizably modern.
The industrial practice of diffusing the aura of a thing by "bringing it close
AND
twentieth-century presence of (petroleum-derived) plastics (97).

oil econ

Oil economy is unsustainable - system breakdowns
Szeman 10
Imre Szeman, Canada Research Chair in Cultural Studies and Professor of English, Film Studies and Sociology at the University of Alberta, November 6th, 2010 "Oil and the Left: An interview with Imre Szeman" Andony Melathopoulos with Brian Worley, Platypus Review 29 

IS: This raises an intriguing point: Couldn’t oil workers go on strike?
AND
problem. Supply chain problems and global demand matter more than political instability.

fear

disaster rhetoric forestalls change
Davies 11
Lincoln L. Davies, Associate Professor of Law, S.J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah. "Beyond Fukushima: Disasters, Nuclear Energy, and Energy Law" B¶ RIGHAM¶ Y¶ OUNG¶ U¶ NIVERSITY¶ L¶ AW¶ R¶ EVIEW¶  2011

Energy disasters offer a chance to reevaluate energy law’s¶ prevailing goals. By showing
AND
e political pressu¶ re, that ban too¶ quickly faded.156
Focusing on disasters to shift th¶ e law’s broad sweep, moreover,¶ can
AND
the public¶ a comprehensive, sound, and sustainable energy policy."¶ 157
This is as true for nuclear energy¶ policy as it is for other areas of¶ energy law, despite the enormous risks that the use of atomic power¶ presents. It can be seen, indeed,¶ in how the United States, Japan,¶ and even Germany responded to Fukushima’s demise.
U.S. regulators, as noted, seiz¶ ed on improving safety
AND
big, long-lasting changes in response to a high profile event.

Case

Squo

Even shale skeptics agree this study rocks, and it proves existing shale formations are sufficient

WSJ, 2/28/’13
("Gas Boom Projected to Grow for Decades")

U.S. natural-gas production will accelerate over the next three decades, new research indicates, providing the strongest evidence yet that the energy boom remaking America will last for a generation.
The most exhaustive study to date of a key natural-gas field in Texas, combined with related research under way elsewhere, shows that U.S. shale-rock formations will provide a growing source of moderately priced natural gas through 2040, and decline only slowly after that. A report on the Texas field, to be released Thursday, was reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.
The research provides substantial evidence that there are large quantities of gas available that can be drilled profitably at a market price of %244 per million British thermal units, a relatively small increase from the current price of about %243.43.
The study, funded by the nonpartisan Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and performed by
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sand and chemicals is pumped at high pressure into rocks to release gas.
Looking at data from actual wells rather than relying on estimates and extrapolations, the study broadly confirms conclusions by the energy industry and the U.S. government, which in December forecast rising gas production.
"We are looking at multi, multi decades of growth," said Scott Tinker, director of the Bureau of Economic Geology at the university and a leader of the study.
The shale-gas boom has led to a reorientation of the U.S. energy economy. This has led to a steep decline in coal consumption for electric generation and prompted companies to announce or consider multibillion-dollar investments to export gas and build chemical, steel and fertilizer plants that will consume enormous quantities of gas.
If these investments go forward, but gas production were to slip, higher prices for the fuel—which now accounts for 30% of electricity production and heats half of U.S. homes—are likely.
Art Berman, a petroleum geologist and consultant who has been a leading critic of
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sweet spots initially, before spending %2440 billion on land and wells?"
The study does show that many of the wells drilled in the Barnett have been poor performers. And while the gas-bearing rock covers 8,000 square miles in and around Fort Worth, Texas, the study suggests it can be economically developed in an area only half that size. Some of the energy companies that spent enormous sums to lease thousands of acres in far-flung parts of the Barnett may be sitting on acreage of little value.
Mr. Tinker agrees that the study shows the Barnett is highly variable, with some areas producing enough gas to make the wells profitable and other areas generating duds.
Even so, the study concludes that 44 trillion cubic feet of natural gas will be recovered from the Barnett—more than three times what has been produced so far and about two years’ worth of U.S. consumption at current rates.
The university also is examining shale formations in Pennsylvania, Louisiana and Arkansas, work that has led investigators to conclude that U.S. natural gas production won’t plateau until 2040. Reports on these formations are expected to be released next year.
One reason there has been a dispute over projections of shale-gas production is that much of the research, even inside universities, has been funded by groups with either pro- or anti- energy-development agendas. Many of the latter have strong views about the environmental impact of fracking on the air and groundwater.
The Sloan Foundation said it looked into whether the researchers who performed the new study were unduly influenced by outside ties and was satisfied that "potential conflicts of interest or sources of bias have not influenced the research."
The co-lead investigator of the study, Mr. Tinker, is paid to serve on the technical advisory boards of BP PLC and two smaller energy companies. He also receives speaking fees a few times a year for appearances before industry groups and private companies.
The Bureau of Economic Geology receives research funding from government, industry and the University of Texas. The other lead investigator, Svetlana Ikonnikova, didn’t disclose any potential conflicts to the university.
Scott Anderson, who researches shale development for the Environmental Defense Fund, which is working on lowering the environmental impact of gas drilling, reviewed some of the study’s preliminary results. He praised the report as "robust" and "sophisticated."
The U.S. energy industry welcomed the conclusion that a large number of successful gas wells remain to be drilled. The American Petroleum Institute, the lobbying arm of large U.S. oil and gas companies, said in a statement that the study "underscores the fact that the U.S. has substantial and growing natural gas resources that will be able to supply future domestic markets and provide exports as well."
To get at all this gas will require tens of thousands of new wells, spread throughout rural and some urban parts of the country. Even in the Barnett formation, which has been drilled intensively for a decade, there still may be room for 13,000 more wells, said Mr. Tinker.
He said that existing wells "aren’t draining giant areas, but they are draining pretty efficiently from areas around them."This means that even in densely drilled areas, he said, "there is a reasonable amount of good quality drilling still to be done."

Massive supply increases now—sufficient to solve the case

BPC, Bipartisan Policy Center, Energy %26 Infrastructure Program, Feb 2013, America’s Energy Resurgence: Sustaining Success, Confronting Challenges, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/BPC%20SEPI%20Energy%20Report%202013.pdf

The last few years have also brought dramatic changes on the supply side of the
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remain below %244 per million Btu (2011 dollars) through 2018.
After 2018, the projected Henry Hub spot natural gas price increases steadily reaching reach %245.40 per million Btu in 2030 and %247.83 per million Btu in 2040 (2011 dollars).
Technological advances and policy decisions have also greatly improved the domestic-supply outlook for
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million barrels per day (a level not seen since around 1990).17
The first decade of the 21st century also saw dramatic growth in renewable energy capacity
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for wind, helped make renewable resources more competitive with conventional generating options.
Over the last decade, the federal government also made a major push to support
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be used with existing tanks, pipelines, and pumps without costly modifications.
Taken together, the energy supply- and demand-side developments of the last
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reduced imports, job creation, infrastructure investment, and economic development.
Recent energy supply and demand developments along with regulatory policies have also been good for
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respect to energy demand in the transportation and buildings end-use sectors.
While U.S. consumption slows, the development of domestic energy resources is
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and energy security—particularly in an era of continuing global demand growth.

Includes federal land production

BPC, Bipartisan Policy Center, Energy %26 Infrastructure Program, Feb 2013, America’s Energy Resurgence: Sustaining Success, Confronting Challenges, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/BPC%20SEPI%20Energy%20Report%202013.pdf

A dramatic change in the supply outlook for domestic oil and natural gas has been
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was 24 tcf and oil consumption was 6.9 billion barrels.50

Exports being blocked b/c of politics, not prices

Economist, 3/2/’13
(http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21572769-if-barack-obama-wants-cleaner-world-and-richer-america-he-should-allow-natural-gas)

Most of America’s two dozen LNG import terminals have applied for export licences. Yet only one, Sabine Pass in Louisiana, has actually started retooling its kit. Gas from there will start flowing onto global markets by the end of 2015. Why has every other terminal been so slow to seize this opportunity?
Converting a plant is not easy: firms must build row upon row of expensive fridges, known as "liquefaction trains", to get gas moving in the opposite direction. But the real hold-up is political. No LNG facility besides Sabine has yet received permission to export. American law requires the Department of Energy to determine whether gas exports are in the public interest, and President Barack Obama’s administration is in no hurry to make up its mind.
The vocal lobby against gas exports unites environmentalists who object to fracking (the process by which gas is extracted from shale by blasting it with water) and many energy-hungry American corporations. They fret that allowing exports will raise gas prices for domestic consumers—like themselves, for instance.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Navy

shipping industry recovering now

CO Detroit 2/13 ~"Great Lakes shipping industry rebounding from recession," 2013, http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/Great-Lakes-shipping-industry-rebounding-from-recession/-/1719418/18529290/-/format/rss_2.0/-/wun0ofz/-/index.html~~

DETROIT -¶ The shipping industry in the Great Lakes region is recovering from the extreme
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.S. to meet the economic and security needs of the country.

Alt cause-Jones Act

Jacobs 13
Joshua, March-Sink the Jones Act. co-founders and members of the board of the Conservative Future Project, a think tank in Washington, D.C.
http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/341845/sink-jones-act-eftychis-john-gregos-mourginakis

The Jones Act — or, more formally, the Merchant Marine Act of 1920
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and is instrumental to Chinese ambitions for a substantial blue-water navy.

Navy can’t de-escalate crises

A) Bureaucratic reluctance to deploy, delayed response

Watts 12
Robert, graduate of the Coast Guard Academy, Captain Watts has served six sea
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New Normalcy-Sea Power and Contingency Operations in the Twenty-First Century
http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/87e866a1-24dd-4e91-9ffa-cb0f64f15144/The-New-Normalcy—Sea-Power-and-Contingency-Operat.aspx

The inherent mobility of sea power means largely what it does in the traditional role
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rapid response, and culture and bureaucracy can conspire to encourage just that.

B) Intra-agency operability, communications failure

Watts 12
Robert, graduate of the Coast Guard Academy, Captain Watts has served six sea
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New Normalcy-Sea Power and Contingency Operations in the Twenty-First Century
http://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/87e866a1-24dd-4e91-9ffa-cb0f64f15144/The-New-Normalcy—Sea-Power-and-Contingency-Operat.aspx

The modern battle fleet is probably the best example of technology optimized for command and
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will be capable of meeting the demands of the crisis-contingency environment.

Trade

causes pre-emptive strikes

Morrow 99 (James, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, " How Could Trade Affect Conflict?" Journal of Peace Research 1999 36: 481)

It is also possible that this argument may predict other variations in the pattern of
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a richer menu of costly signals for states to use during a crisis. 

Challengers

Transition causes allies to step-up

Preble, 11
Chris Preble, CATO, 9/29/11, Defense in an Age of Austerity, http://csis.org/files/attachments/110929_panel1_transcript.pdf-http://csis.org/files/attachments/110929_panel1_transcript.pdf

So, if he’s right, and I think he is, if we do not change course or create new options for ourselves, then we will remain locked in this vicious cycle, a vicious cycle that has us paying more and more and everyone else paying less and less. Again, it’s a problem, but to the extent that it’s a problem and it’s the situation that we created, then it’s a problem that we can fix.
Because, first of all, the free riding of our allies is more than simply opportunistic, OK? It reflects different conceptions of threat. The defenders of the status quo contend that Americans are more inclined to bear these burdens, to assume global responsibilities. And there’s this sense of a pervasive culture of weakness, almost fecklessness, on the part of our allies around the world.
Some concede that it would be nice if others would do more, and others still are desperately afraid that they might. So which is it? Both groups counter that it would be responsible to – irresponsible to assume that the post-American order would be superior to the current one.
Those who simply assume that others would not do more often ignore the extent to
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fearful of capable, empowered allies, and they like it that way.
So, U.S. leaders from President Obama to Hillary Clinton to Bob
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in the business of defending other countries that can and should defend themselves.
Few countries currently have the military capabilities to influence events far outside of their sphere of influence, and I don’t expect that to change. But nearly all of them already have some capabilities for self-defense and could certainly expand that ever so modestly if their interests demanded it. And I think they would be more likely to do so if the United States either chooses or is forced to retrench.
For too long we here in Washington – not me personally – have been unwilling to encourage regional powers to assume greater responsibility for maintaining order in the world, or even in their corner of the world. And American soldiers and American taxpayers have paid the price.
When our resources seemed limitless, our ambitions were as well. We were able to contemplate becoming involved in far away places, places that small, insular countries couldn’t even imagine becoming involved in. And if we make significant cuts in military spending – we haven’t yet, but if we do, we cannot so easily absolve ourselves of the need to prioritize, at a minimum, when and where to use our power.

Latent power solves overstretch

Wohlforth 7 (William, Olin Fellow in International Security Studies at Yale University, Unipolar Stability: The Rules of Power Analysis, A Tilted Balance-http://www.harvardir.org/symposia/72/, Vol. 29 (1) - Spring 2007, http://hir.harvard.edu/index.php?page=article%26id=1611)

US military forces are stretched thin, its budget and trade deficits are high,
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its self-inflicted overstretch and tap potentially large wellsprings of latent power. 

India

india relations

Top diplomats vote neg

FP 3/12/13
First Post, Indian news site, "’Indo-US ties one of the defining 21st century partnerships’" http://www.firstpost.com/world/indo-us-ties-one-of-the-defining-21st-century-partnerships-656462.html-http://www.firstpost.com/world/indo-us-ties-one-of-the-defining-21st-century-partnerships-656462.html

Describing Indo-US relations as one of the defining partnerships of the 21st century
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Burma to trilateral cooperation with Japan to promoting maritime security," he said.

Relations not key to military cooperation

Kronstadt ’12
K Alan, Specialist in South Asian Affairs akronstadt@crs.loc.gov, 7-5415 Sonia Pinto Research Associate spinto@crs.loc.gov, 7-6993, "India-U.S. Security Relations: Current Engagement," November 13, 2012 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42823.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42823.pdf

The new breadth and depth of U.S.-India security engagement detailed in
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, with some content to move forward through ad hoc procedures when necessary.

india econ

Growth high and stable.

Sharma 3/4/13
Senior Vice President and Managing Director of India Practice, Martin Wolf, M%26A Advisors, "IT in India: Reforms and improving economy spark brighter outlook," http://techcircle.vccircle.com/2013/03/04/it-in-india-reforms-and-improving-economy-spark-brighter-outlook/

Combine new business friendly government policies with increasing domestic demand from consumers and businesses alike
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largely untapped market today that spells huge new opportunity for IT Services providers.

1AC - black gold
1NC - T resolution, cap k, black gold PIC, case
2NC - T, cap, case
1NR - PIC
2NR - PIC