Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Energy policy is embedded in a mode of technological thinking which reduces nature to a ‘standing reserve’ of resources always at hand for human consumption.  This perspective ignores the intrinsic meaning of nature and instead replaces it with the desire for unlimited control and domination of the natural world.  
Xuanmeng 3( Yu, “Heidegger on Technology, Alienation and Destiny,” The Humanization of Technology and Chinese Culture Chinese Philosophical Studies, XI, Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change, Series II, Asia, Vol 11, http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-11/contents.htm)
First, "The revealing that rules in modern technology is a challenging (Herausfordern
AND
with "what modern technology is," but with a process or phenomenon.

Treating nature as a standing reserve ontologically conditions the way in which it reveals it self to us. Viewing the world always creates blindspots which makes ecological collapse and nuclear war inevitable.
McWhorter, Prof of Philosophy and Women, Gender and Sexuality studies @ Univ. of Richmond, 92
(Ladelle, “Guilt as Management Technology: A Call to Heideggerian Reflection” Heidegger and the Earth, pg. 4-5)
What is most illustrative is often also what is most common. Today, on
AND
is forgotten, and all traces of absence absent themselves from our world.

Thus the alt: the judge should vote negative to do nothing in reaction to the call of the affirmative.
Doing nothing de-activates managerial thinking by removing a clear pragmatic end for thought – this re-thinking of thinking produces a more reflective relationship to the earth that allows it to disclose itself based upon everyday materiality
McWhorter ‘92
Prof of Philosophy and Women, Gender and Sexuality studies @ Univ. of Richmond
(Ladelle, “Guilt as Management Technology: A Call to Heideggerian Reflection” Heidegger and the Earth, pg. 1-4)

Heidegger calls us to give thought to — or give ourselves over to thought of
AND
that also ground the most basic patterns of our current ways of being human

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP Text: President Obama should initiate a Presidential Memorandum that directs a Blue Ribbon Commission to recommend a report on the Department of Defense increasing  procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors deployed in the United States.
Creating a Blue Ribbon Commission Report on nuclear power solves the aff- creates a necessary study, builds consensus and feasability
Parthemore and Rogers, 10 (Christine Parthemore and Will Rogers, Christine Parthemore is the Bacevich fellow at the Center for a New American Security. Will Rogers is a CNAS researcher. This piece is based on a recently released CNAS report on climate change, energy and the Department of Defense available, Nuclear Reactors on Military Bases May Be Risky, May 20, 2010http:www.rollcall.com/news/-46456-1.html

On the other hand, opponents contend that sufficient numbers of military base personnel may
AND
. Ensuring national security interests and a cleaner energy future demands no less.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Obama still ahead but Romney within striking distance
Nate Silver 10.7.12
http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/07/oct-7-national-polls-show-signs-of-settling/
A 3-point gain for Mr. Romney would be consistent with what candidates
AND
campaign goes for him and how accurate the polls turn out to be.

Obama is walking an energy tightrope, plan ignites controversy – splitting the base and losing independent voters, causes the election
Schnur ‘12
director of the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics at the University of Southern California; he served as the national communications director of Senator John McCain’s presidential campaign in 2000. (Dan, April 9, "The President, Gas Prices and the Pipeline" http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/09/the-president-gas-prices-and-the-keystone-pipeline/-http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/09/the-president-gas-prices-and-the-keystone-pipeline/

Like every president seeking re-election, Barack Obama walks the fine line every
AND
-election but also prioritizes the job-creation potential of the pipeline.

Romney will strike Iran
Daily Kos 12 Daily Kos; “President Obama versus Romney on Iran”; 4/16/2012; http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/04/16/1083726/-President-Obama-versus-Romney-on-Iran
Approach to foreign policy: Romney says he will “not apologize” for America
AND
, without bragging, and scaring the American people with needless terrorism alerts. 

Intervention in Iran goes nuclear
Reuters 5-17
“Russia says action on Syria, Iran may go nuclear” May 17, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/17/us-g8-russia-idUSBRE84G18M20120517

Hasty military operations in foreign states usually bring radicals to power," Medvedev, president
AND
such as Israel, Pakistan and India could get involved into a conflict.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP
The 50 states and all relevant U.S. territories should provide grants to all federal agencies for deployment of integrated solar on federal vehicles in the United States.
The Federal Government needs to step back on Energy Policy and leave it to the states. They know better. Fred Upton April 2012.
“Rethinking America’s Energy Policy” Rep. Fred Upton is chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce. April 10, 2012. http://www.american.com/archive/2012/march/rethinking-americas-energy-policy Date Accessed September 21, 12.  

It is an exciting …..  Misguided Washington interference is the biggest threat to these gains

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The supply of rare earth minerals is tight now and short circuits the affs ability to solve
UNEP, January 2011, (United Nations Environment Program Global Environmental Alert Service), "Green economy vulnerable to rare earth minerals shortage?" http://na.unep.net/geas/getUNEPPageWithArticleIDScript.php?article_id=55

Rare earth elements (REE) … promoting economic growth, and fighting climate change.

Solar production requires extensive REM supplies – that causes a tradeoff with other high-technology
Chris Rogers, 11/22/11, Suite 101, "the hidden truth about solar energy," http://suite101.com/article/the-hidden-truth-about-solar-energy-a397269

Solar panels capture energy from sunlight … How will the balance between the desire to develop clean energy and electronic manufacturing play out?

REM supply shock will trigger trade wars – treated as an energy security issue
Layy O'Hanlon, 10/2/10, Discovery News, "rare earth metals may trigger trade wars," http://news.discovery.com/earth/rare-earth-metals-trade-wars.html

There is a long list of elements, mostly …  there are energy security issues.

Trade wars escalate and go nuclear
Miller and Elwood 88 (Vincent, Founder and President of the International Society for Individual Liberty, and James, Vice-President, “Free trade or protectionism? The Case Against Trade Restrictions,” http://www.isil.org/resources/lit/free-trade-protectionism.html)
When Goods Don't Cross Borders, Armies Often Do ….  allow this to happen in the nuclear age?

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: UT GM | Judge: Shea
The United States federal government should establish a Quadrennial Energy Review. In the Quadrennial Energy Review, the United States federal government should include a recommendation to remove states' and Homeowner's Associations' restrictions on community solar siting

CP solves:
Recommending plan mandates through a QER process solves—only the CP creates policy sustainability and private sector coordination that unlocks energy innovation  
Moniz 12
Ernest Moniz, Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems and Director of the Energy Initiative at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Former Clinton Administration Under Secretary of the Department of Energy and as Associate Director for Science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy ; serves on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Spring 2012, Stimulating Energy Technology Innovation, Daedalus, Vol. 141, No. 2, Pages 81-93

It should come as no…… analyses supporting coordinated government-wide actions that earn decent buy-in from major stakeholders. Note: PCAST = President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology

Tournament: UCO, KCKCC | Round: 4 and Partials | Opponent: OU and JCJCC | Judge:
The aff is a typical leftist response to Native problems – utilizing energy on Native lands fuels capitalist expansion while destroying Native culture in the process.
Bill Tabb, 1999, Marxism and the Native American (an anthology of collected essays edited by Ward Churchill). “Marx versus Marxism,” p. 171-73

Perhaps it is a comment on human nature....  exploitation the system visits upon them.

We should use this moment to unite in our opposition to capitalism – only universal alignment with the class struggle can bring about the revolution before capitalism destroys the planet
Faulkner, Neil (archaeologist, historian, Editor of Military Times, Features Editor of the magazine Current Archaeology) . "Global Crisis and Anti-capitalist Revolution." Home. N.p., 5 May 2010. Web. 27 June 2012. http://www.counterfire.org/index.php/theory/55-the-crisis/4900-global-crisis-and-anti-capitalist-revolution.

Revolutions tend to be sudden,....  historical stakes have never been higher. 

Thus Our alternative is an epistemological endorsement with the strategy of historical materialism. The role of the ballot is to align yourself with the class struggle. This intellectual strategy of centering class at the core of the conversation is the best method to understand and confront oppression.
Palmer '96 - Canada Research Chair in Canadian Labour History and Canadian Studies @ Trent University (Bryan D., "Old Positions/New Necessities: History, Class, and Marxist Metanarrative," in "In Defense of History," Ed. by E. Meiskins Wood and John Foster, p.65-72, RG)

In the words of David Harvey: ....  cannot defend old positions will never conquer new ones."

Tournament: UCO | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their call for collective decision making cannot solve – the depoliticization of the economy means their movement can only prop up the ideology of capital
Zizek 1999 The Ticklish Subject, page 352-355

The big news of today’s ...  effectively runs his life.  

The system of capital makes social exclusion on a global scale inevitable – the utmost ethico-political responsibility is to reject this system of economic evaluation
Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol and recognize  .... ‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

Our alternative is to completely withdraw from the ideology of capital – this is essential to destroy the fetish that allows capital to survive
Johnston, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University, 2004
Adrian, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, December v9 i3 p259 page infotrac

Perhaps the absence ... or the truth? I choose fetishism"). 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Questions or Comments: 

Casey Donnell - csydonnell@gmail.com

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Framework 1NC
A. Interpretation – The affirmative must affirm the topic instrumentally. The 1AC must include a topical plan that is only justified with a normative defense of federal government adoption of such a policy.  The ballot only declares that the resolution is either true or false.

The topic is defined by the phrase following the colon – the USFG is the agent of the resolution, not the individual debaters
Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2000  http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon is very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter.

And the USFG is in Washington D.C.
Encarta World Online Encyclopedia, 2006,
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500781/United_States_(Government).html
United States Government, the combination of federal, state, and local laws, bodies, and agencies that is responsible for carrying out the operations of the United States. The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington, D.C.

Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary – 2000 www.dictionary.com
 3 Used to express probability or expectation
B. Violation – The affirmative is not an instrumental affirmation of the resolution – they affirm the topic as

C. Reasons to Prefer:

1.  Ground – Refusing to defend the implementation of the plan/resolution erases all predictable negative disad and case ground. We’ll never have evidence saying their specific advocacy of the plan is bad. This eliminates all of our offense since testing their method is key.
   2.  Topical Education – By manipulating the topic to access a political project they destroy discussion of the important question asked by the resolution. This tactic promotes debate that is either stagnant or shallow.  This is the best education since it’s the only kind that changes from year to year.
   3.  Extra Topicality –they skirt discussion of the plan’s merits by arguing the benefits derived from their advocacy outweigh. This is a voting issue because we’re forced to win framework just to get back to equal footing – extra topicality also proves the resolution insufficient and explodes aff ground.
   4. Bad Policymaking – The affirmative subverts discussion of the merits of specific policies, which negates our ability to compare the effects of the plan to the status quo. This ruins a critical function of this activity which is to test the desirability of policy implementation
   D. Voting Issue – If we demonstrate the affirmative does not meet the best interpretation of the topic they have failed to justify the resolution and should be rejected. This is the best way to preserve competitive equity by ensuring predictable ground for the negative.
   Also, this is a prerequisite to other arguments.
   Ruth Lesl Shively, Professor of Politics at Texas AandM, 2000 Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2
   In most cases, however, our agreements are highly imperfect. We agree on some matters but not on others, on generalities but not on specifics, on principles but not on their applications, and so on. And this kind of limited agreement is the starting condition of contest and debate. As John Courtney Murray writes: We hold certain truths; therefore we can argue about them. It seems to have been one of the corruptions of intelligence by positivism to assume that argument ends when agreement is reached. In a basic sense, the reverse is true. There can be no agreement except on the premise, and within a context, of agreement. (Murray 1960, 10) In other words, we cannot argue about something if we are not communicating: if we cannot agree on the topic and terms of argument or if we have utterly different ideas about what counts as evidence or good argument. At the very least, we must agree about what it is that is being debated before we can debate it. For instance, one cannot have an argument about euthanasia with someone who thinks euthanasia is a musical group. One cannot successfully stage a sit-in if one’s target audience simply thinks everyone is resting or if those doing the sitting have no complaints. Nor can one demonstrate resistance to a policy if no one knows that it is a policy. In other words, contest is meaningless if there is a lack of agreement or communication about what is being contested. Registers, demonstrators, and debaters must have some shared ideas about the subject and/or terms of their disagreements. The participants and the target of a sit-in must share an understanding of the complaint at hand. And a demonstrator’s audience must know what is being resisted. In short, the contesting of an idea presumes some agreement about what that idea is and how one might go about intelligibly contesting it. In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony.

Tournament: UCO | Round: 5 | Opponent: UMKC BS | Judge: Drew McNeil
SPEC
Interpretation Affirmative must define the invisible energy
Wealth of Different “Invisible Energy”
Energy for Missouri No Date
http://www.dnr.mo.gov/education/energy/radiant_energy.pdf
Further considerations: The light we can see¶ with our eyes is only a portion of the radiant¶ energy that travels in waves towards the earth¶ from the sun. These various types of radiant¶ energy are part of the electromagnetic¶ spectrum and includes gamma-rays, x-rays,¶ ultraviolet waves (UV), infrared (IR), radio¶ waves, etc. A very small fraction of the¶ spectrum is actually visible to the human eye. We often use electricity to¶ generate radiant energy in the¶ form of light using a light bulb.¶ However, a significant portion¶ (90%) of the electrical energy¶ converted by a common light¶ bulb is actually converted to¶ heat (IR) and only a small¶ fraction to light energy.

Violation: Aff must specify what type of Invisible Energy they are 

B) Standards: 

Ground it is impossible for us to fashion a coherent solvency argument if we do not know what sub section of invisible energy you are key to Energy Specific DAs and Case turns 

Plan Text Key – the nature of textual competition, lack of precise and binding cross-ex, and the fact that the negative loses 1NC and pre round prep time are all reasons why the source must be indentified 

C.  Voting Issue for reasons of fairness and education

Tournament: UCO | Round: 5 | Opponent: UMKC BS | Judge: Drew McNeil
Topicality
Four arguments – 

1. The aff must defend an INCREASE in the energy.
   Increase means to make a quantity larger - wiktionary
   en.wiktionary.org/wiki/increase:
   An amount by which a quantity is increased; For a quantity, the act or process of becoming larger; to become larger; To make (a quantity) larger
   This is key to neg ground – failure to defend an increase makes it impossible to go negative. No link to ANY disadvantage or kritik. The aff is also a negative counterplan.
   2. The plan must increase a financial incentive or remove a restriction
   key to neg ground – links to core disads and kritiks are based on the mechanism of the plan – the aff subverts the entirety of this debate and makes it impossible to go negative. Can’t read a counterplan because because there is nothing to counterplan out of.
   Destroy topic education – the mechanism is a key question of topic education – aff avoids the entirety of that debate.
   3. Energy –
   The topic listed the types of energy, Invisible wasn’t one of them.
   Key to limits – the aff removes EVERY limit on the topic – allows for an increase in any kind of any. THOUSANDS of possible affirmatives. Hydro, kinetic, potential, Space solar power, anus solar power. They are entirely unpredicatable and impossible to debate since we would only research the energy listed in the topic;.
   Ground – we don’t have link ground to an energy that wasn’t in the topic
   4. In the United States
   "In the United States" both includes and excludes according to geography.
   U.S. Department of State 12
   Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual, Volume 7, June 29, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86755.pdf

7 FAM 1112 WHAT IS BIRTH “IN THE UNITED STATES”? (CT:CON-314; 08-21-2009) a. INA 101(a)(38) (8 U.S.C. 1101 (a)(38)) provides that “the term „United States,‟ when used in a geographical sense, means the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States.” U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 - Consular Affairs 7 FAM 1110 Page 4 of 13 b. On November 3, 1986, Public Law 94-241, “approving the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America”, (Section 506(c)),took effect. From that point on, the Northern Mariana Islands have been treated as part of the United States for the purposes of INA 301 (8 U.S.C. 1401) and INA 308 (8 U.S.C. 1408). (See 7 FAM 1120 Acquisition of U.S. Nationality in U.S. Territories and Possessions.) c. The Nationality Act of 1940 (NA), Section 101(d) (54 Statutes at Large 1172) (effective January 13, 1941 until December 23, 1952) provided that “the term „United States‟ when used in a geographical sense means the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands of the United States.” The 1940 Act did not include Guam or the Northern Mariana Islands as coming within the definition of “United States.” See the text of the 1940 Act on the CA/OCS Intranet, Acquisition of Citizenship, Legal and Regulatory Documents. d. Prior to January 13, 1941, there was no statutory definition of “the United States” for citizenship purposes. The phrase “in the United States” as used in Section 1993 of the Revised Statues of 1878 clearly includes states that have been admitted to the Union. (See 7 FAM 1119 b.) e. INA 304 (8 U.S.C. 1404) and INA 305 (8 U.S.C. 1405) provide a basis for citizenship of persons born in Alaska and Hawaii, respectively, while they were territories of the United States. f. See 7 FAM 1100 Appendix B (under development) for guidance as to what constitutes evidence of birth in the United States. 7 FAM 1113 NOT INCLUDED IN THE MEANING OF "IN THE UNITED STATES" (CT:CON-314; 08-21-2009) a. Birth on U.S. Registered Vessel On High Seas or in the Exclusive Economic Zone: A U.S.-registered or documented ship on the high seas or in the exclusive economic zone is not considered to be part of the United States. Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a maritime zone over which a State has special rights over the exploration and use of natural resources. The Exclusive Economic Zone extends up to 200 nautical miles from the coastal baseline. A child born on such a vessel does not acquire U.S. citizenship by reason of the place of birth (Lam Mow v. Nagle, 24 F.2d 316 (9th Cir., 1928)). U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 - Consular Affairs 7 FAM 1110 Page 5 of 13 NOTE: This concept of allotting nations EEZs to give better control of maritime affairs outside territorial limits gained acceptance in the late 20th century and was given binding international recognition by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982. Part V, Article 55 of the Convention states: Specific legal regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone: The Exclusive Economic Zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject to the specific legal regime established in this Part, under which the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal State and the rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of this Convention. b. A U.S.-registered aircraft outside U.S. airspace is not considered to be part of U.S. territory. A child born on such an aircraft outside U.S. airspace does not acquire U.S. citizenship by reason of the place of birth. NOTE: The United States of America is not a party to the U.N. Convention on Reduction of Statelessness (1961). Article 3 of the Convention does not apply to the United States. Article 3 provides “For the purpose of determining the obligations of Contracting States under this Convention, birth on a ship or in an aircraft shall be deemed to have taken place in the territory of the State whose flag the ship flies or in the territory of the State in which the aircraft is registered, as the case may be.” This is a frequently asked question. c. Birth on U.S. Military Base Outside of the United States or Birth on U.S. Embassy or Consulate Premises Abroad: (1) Despite widespread popular belief, U.S. military installations abroad and U.S. diplomatic or consular facilities abroad are not part of the United States within the meaning of the 14th Amendment. A child born on the premises of such a facility is not born in the United States and does not acquire U.S. citizenship by reason of birth. (2) The status of diplomatic and consular premises arises from the rules of law relating to immunity from the prescriptive and enforcement jurisdiction of the receiving State; the premises are not part of the territory of the United States of America. (See Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations Law, Vol. 1, Sec. 466, Comment a and c (1987). See also, Persinger v. Iran, 729 F.2d 835 (D.C. Cir. 1984). U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 - Consular Affairs 7 FAM 1110 Page 6 of 13 d. Birth on Foreign Ships In Foreign Government Non-Commercial Service: (1) A child born on a foreign merchant ship or privately owned vessel in U.S. internal waters is considered as having been born subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (See U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark.) (2) Foreign warships, naval auxiliaries, and other vessels or aircraft owned or operated by a State and used for governmental non-commercial service are not subject to jurisdiction of the United States. Persons born on such vessels while in U.S. internal waters (or, of course, anywhere else) do not acquire U.S. citizenship by virtue of place of birth. e. Alien Enemies During Hostile Occupation: (1) If part of the United States were occupied by foreign armed forces against the wishes of the United States, children born to enemy aliens in the occupied areas would not be subject to U.S. jurisdiction and would not acquire U.S. citizenship at birth. (2) Children born to persons other than enemy aliens in an area temporarily occupied by hostile forces would acquire U.S. citizenship at birth because sovereignty would not have been transferred to the other country. (See U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark.) 7 FAM 1114 BIRTH IN U.S. INTERNAL WATERS AND TERRITORIAL SEA (CT:CON-407; 06-29-2012) a. Persons born on ships located within U.S. internal waters (except as provided in section 1113 d above) are considered to have been born in the United States. Such persons will acquire U.S. citizenship at birth if they are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Internal waters include the ports, harbors, bays, and other enclosed areas of the sea along the U.S. coast. As noted above, a child born on a foreign merchant ship or privately owned vessel in U.S. internal waters is considered as having been born subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (See U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark.) b. Twelve Nautical Mile Limit: The territorial sea of the United States was formerly three nautical miles. (See, e.g., Cunard S.S. Co. v Mellon, 262 U.S. 100, 122, 43 S. Ct. 504, 67 L. Ed. 894 (1923).) However, the three-mile rule was changed by a Presidential Proclamation in 1988, implementing the territorial-sea provision of the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea. (Presidential Proclamation 5928, signed December U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 - Consular Affairs 7 FAM 1110 Page 7 of 13 27, 1988, published at 54 Federal Register 777, January 9, 1989.) As decreed by that Proclamation, the territorial sea of the United States henceforth extends to 12 nautical miles from the baselines of the United States determined in accordance with international law. (The Proclamation also stated that the jurisdiction of the United States extends to the airspace over the territorial sea.) (See Gordon, Immigration Law and Procedure, Part 8 Nationality and Citizenship, 92.03(2)(b) territorial limits.) c. FAM guidance up until 1995 (7 FAM 1116.1-2 In U.S. Waters TL:CON-64; 11-30-95) advised that persons born within the 3-mile limit of the U.S. territorial sea were born “within the United States” and could be documented as U.S. citizens if they were also born subject to U.S. jurisdiction. Some commentators took this view as well, such as Gordon. Analysis of this issue undertaken in 1994-1995 revealed, however, that there is a substantial legal question whether persons born outside the internal waters of the United States but within the territorial sea are in fact born “within the United States” for purposes of the 14th Amendment and the INA. Note: Cases involving persons born outside the internal waters but within the U.S. territorial sea should therefore be submitted to the Department (CA/OCS) for adjudication, upon coordination by CA/OCS/L with L/CA and L/OES and other appropriate offices within the United States Government. U.S. Embassies and Consulates abroad should consult CA/OCS/L (Ask-OCS-L-Dom-Post@state.gov). Domestic U.S. passport agencies and centers should contact CA/PPT/L/LA (CAPPTAdjQ@state.gov), which will confer with CA/OCS/L and L/CA.
Violation – the plan does not say in the United States –This could mean territories or properties outside of the US
Standards
Limits – aff explodes the topic, would allow for a host of unpredictable affirmatives that expand the research burden and make going negative impossible; such as nuclear reactors on aircraft carriers, energy on bases outside of the US, modifying foreign properties, arctic circle oil drilling outside of our EEZ. Our US department of state evidence specifically excludes these affs.
Ground – no disad links are possible. Cant win core disads such as energy industry tradeoff, or links to core generics like politics and elections because the plan happens outside of the US. The aff would argue it doesn’t affect the domestic industry and isn’t perceived
Topical version of the affirmative – the plan would be “Thus we advocate and unrestricted affirmation of invisible energy in the United States”

Topicality should be viewed through competing interpretations and is a voting issue for fairness and education.
These are all separate violations that we can extend independent of one another at any point in the debate.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 1 | Opponent: UT GM | Judge: Shea

HOAs are not governed by federal law
New York Attorney General 2008
http://www.ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/pdfs/bureaus/real_estate_finance/HOA%20problems.pdf
Members of homeowners associations who are unhappy with how their¶ association is acting (or not acting) often do not know what they can do. This paper is designed to tell such homeowners about some of their rights. In most cases there is no government agency that can help unhappy owners who are having problems with their homeowners association (HOA). The Attorney¶ General's office regulates only the offer and sale of real estate securities (which includes¶ interests in HOAs). It generally does not become involved in owners’ problems with boards¶ of directors after the sponsor is no longer in control of the board. However, this office may¶ be able to help you if the sponsor of the HOA is not keeping the commitments which it¶ made in the offering plan. If this is the case, owners may contact the Attorney General by¶ sending a letter to: ¶ Real Estate Finance Bureau, ¶ New York State Department of Law, ¶ 120 Broadway (23rd Floor), ¶ New York, N.Y. 10271.¶ As you may know, a homeowners association is an organization established¶ to govern a private community. Typically it owns and manages some common property for¶ owners of private houses or condominium units. By buying a lot and/or home, an owner¶ automatically becomes a member of the HOA of which it is a part. Before offering to sell¶ memberships, a sponsor must file an offering plan with the Attorney General if sales of¶ individual homes, lots or condo units are involved, unless it is exempted by law or¶ regulation.¶ Most HOAs are corporations established under the Not-for-Profit Corporation¶ Law. An HOA is similar to other corporations -- it is governed by a board of directors¶ elected by the members and a set of rules called by-laws. Books and records of financial transactions must be kept, taxes paid, and certain services provided to members. Usually the board has an annual budget prepared to estimate expenses, and then assesses each member a share of the costs.

Limits - Allowing the aff to remove restrictions on homeowners associations allows a litany of unpredictable affirmatives. They could remove county or city restrictions or any private actor such as businesses, retirement communities, private schools etc. The possibilities are endless and unpredictable. Multiplied by 6 different energies and multiple possible restrictions on each makes it impossible to negate.

Ground – neg cannot win a disadvantage to the removal of private organizations restrictions. There is no literature against the case because it is something that can’t be done

Solvency – our New York Attorney General 2008 evidence also means the aff can’t solve. The federal government cannot remove a restriction of state governments or private entities. The aff does nothing. Vote neg on presumption.

Topicality is a voting issue for fairness and education. Should be viewed through competing interpretations.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Too many routes to proliferation – makes weapons spread inevitable

Cleveland et al 8’
Allison, Graham, Robin Cleveland, Bob Graham, Steve Rademaker, Tim Roemer, Wendy Sherman, Henry Sokolski, Jim Talent, and Rich Verma. 2008. World at Risk: The Report on the Commission on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism. New York: Vintage Books.
The path leading to proliferation apparently …..Iran, and several other states in the Middle East.   

New nuclear states gain better diplomatic channels – diverts the need for conflict

Garzke and Jo 9’
Erik Gartzke and Dong-Joon Jo. Journal of Conflict Resolution 2009; 53; 209 originally published online Jan 30, 2009. “Bargaining, Nuclear Proliferation, and Interstate Disputes” http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/53/2/209
Even if only some of the substantial increase in ….as a tool for smoothing the bumpy road of world politics. 

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American hegemony is rapidly collapsing – Their author is wrong and doesn’t account for a range of domestic factors. Comparative advantage isn’t enough.
Cohen 2-21
Michael, regular columnist for Foreign Policy's Election 2012 Channel and a fellow at the Century Foundation. Follow him on Twitter @speechboy71.
Rotting From the Inside Out, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/21/rotting_from_the_inside_out?page=0,1

There is, however, one serious problem with this analysis from the real and declining elements of U.S. power.

Withdrawal is smooth
Charles A. Kupchan, Political Science Quarterly, 00323195, Summer 2003, Vol. 118, Issue 2 “The Rise of Europe, America's Changing Internationalism, and the End of U.S. Primacy” Database: Academic Search Premier
As this new century progresses….. so frequently been the precursor to great power war in the past.*

American hegemony leads to violent retaliation
Layne 07, Christopher, Associate Professor of International Affairs at the Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas AandM University, “American Empire: A Debate,” Routledge publishing 2007, pg. 68
For sure, many states do benefit both economically …..is limited by the very enormity of its power.

Terrorist rhetoric reinforces a binary that pits the good in an endless war against the other
Kellner 7 (Douglas, Chair of Philosophy @ UCLA, Presidential Studies Quarterly. Vol. 37 (4), 2007, pg. 622+) JPG
On the day of the strikes on the World Trade Center ….there would be a military response and war. 

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Solar Case

Rising affluence in China makes solving warming impossible
Keith Bradsher, 7/4/10, New York Times, "China Fears Consumer Impact on Global Warming ," http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/05/business/global/05warm.html
Already, in the last three years, ….largest six-month increase in tonnage ever by a single country.
The technology doesn’t exist in the short or long term to stop warming
Science Daily, 9/9/10, "Energy technologies not enough to sufficiently reduce carbon emissions, expert concludes," http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100909141525.htm
Current energy technologies are not enough to…., a professor emeritus in NYU's Department of Physics. 

Developing nations will not model the U.S. on climate change
Rep. Joe Barton, April 23 2007, “What To Do About Global Warming (Hint It Isn’t Cap And Trade Policy)”, Barton is ranking member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, (http://thehill.com /leading-the-news/what-to-do-about-global-warming-hint--it-isnt-cap-and-trade-policy-2007-04-23.html)
The irony is that when U.S. ….pollutant, but China still refuses.

Solar powered cars a waste – really inefficient, too expensive and no where near commercialization
Jamie Deaton, 2012, "are solar-powered vehicles still a possibility?" http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/solar-powered-vehicle-possibility.htm

While they are still a possibility, ….a very good way to make the car useable when the sun isn't out.

Inefficient/Weather Patterns
Clouds prevent energy conversion
Raikar 11 (Sudhir, EcoFriend, “The good, the bad and the ugly: Harnessing solar energy on highways”, http://www.ecofriend.com/entry/the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-harnessing-solar-energy-on-highways/, June 16, 2011, Accessed 7/9/12, WITASZEK)
The Ugly: Cloudy days Obviously, …..the year, so is the case with solar power.

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Black Outs are very unlikely according to energy experts.  Leger 7-31-12
“Energy experts say blackout like India's is unlikely in U.S.” Donna Leinwand Leger, USA TODAY. July 31, 2012. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-07-31/usa-india-power-outage/56622978/1 Date Accessed 9-16-2012.
WASHINGTON – A massive, countrywide power ….It's the most complicated system in the world."

1. Economic decline doesn’t cause war.
   Ferguson 2006 (Oct 6, 06 Foreign Affairs, Niall, Harvard, EBSCO)
   Nor can economic crises explain ….crises were not followed by wars.

2. Global economy is resilient.
Wolf 2006  (Martin.  Financial Times, “America could slow down the world.”  September 27.  Proquest.)
To doubt the resilience of the world economy …latest World Economic Outlook (WEO), it is forecast to reach 5.1 per cent this year.*