Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase market-fixed production cost incentives for domestic deployment of small modular reactors. 

Renaissance Adv
US nuclear renaissance inevitable- only way to meet demand is government subsidies
Worthington 2012 (David Worthington, February 9, 2012, The U.S. nuclear renaissance has begun  , Smart Planet, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/the-us-nuclear-renaissance-has-begun/13058) JD
There are cooling towers on the horizon in the United States. The nuclear renaissance
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million homes at a cost of US$14 billion, CNN reported.

Global cooperation has restored public faith in nuclear energy; Fukushima doesn’t matter
WNA 11 (World Nuclear Association, The Nuclear Renaissance  , August 2011, http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf104.html) JD
The 1986 Chernobyl disaster marked the nadir of public support for nuclear power. However
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been any harm or hazard to anyone on account of those from nuclear power

Scenario 1: Meltdowns
Old reactor types make meltdowns inevitable – reactors have shut down in the past and the NRC has failed at regulation
Gronlund 2007 (Nuclear power in a Warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, Lisbeth Gronlund;  David Lochbaum;  Edwin Lyman, Union of Concerned Scientists, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear-power-in-a-warming-world.pdf) JD
Safety problems remain despite a lack of   serious accidents.   A serious nuclear power accident
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problems so extensive that a year or more is   needed to fix them.

SMRs solve
Wheeler 10 (November 22, 2010, “Small Modular Reactors May Offer Significant Safety and Security Enhancements”, John Wheeler, Clear Trend, http://thisweekinnuclear.com/?p=1193) JD
Even better, most SMRs are small enough that they cannot over heat and melt
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and lower operating costs (a smaller footprint means a smaller security force). 

Meltdowns cause extinction
Lendman, 2011
(Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 03/ 13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,”, The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 8-2-12, RSR)
Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event.

Scenario 2: Nuclear Terrorism Scenario
Old reactor types make nuke terror inevitable- They’ll steal fissile material
Early, et al., 2009
(Bryan (Former Research Fellow at Harvard’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs), Matthew Fuhrmann (Professor in Political Science at Texas AandM) and Quan Li (Professor in Political Science at Texas AandM), “Atoms for Terror: The Determinants of Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism”, Social Science Research Network, RSR)
The presence and size of a civilian nuclear infrastructure affect terrorist groups’ cost-benefit
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often look for NR materials in the country that they wish to attack.

Terrorists can also use aircrafts and truck bombs to trigger a meltdown.
Schifman 2010
(Ben, J.D. Candidate at the Columbia School of Law, “The Limits of NEPA:  Consideration of the Impacts of Terrorism in Environmental Impact Statements for Nuclear Facilities, Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 35, No. 2, pg. 374, RSR)
Existing nuclear power plants were designed to withstand natural disasters, such as earthquakes,
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term deaths and as many as 518,000 long-term deaths.

SMRs solve - they’re buried underground, heavily layered and no on-site refueling
Loudermilk 2011
(Micah, research associate with the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program at National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs”, Journal of Energy Security, 5-31-11,
http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=articleandcatid=116%3Acontent0411andid=314%3Asmall-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandtmpl=componentandprint=1andpage=andoption=com_contentandItemid=375, accessed 8-1-12, RSR)
As to the small reactors themselves, the designs achieve a degree of proliferation-
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reactors are mitigated and concerns over the widespread distribution of nuclear fuel allayed.

Nuclear terrorism causes retaliation that sparks global nuclear war and extinction.
Ayson 2010
(Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand –  Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Leadership Adv
The commercial industry is the key internal link to nuclear leadership – federal investment is key
Pete Domenici and Warren F. “Pete” Miller, part time Research Professor at Texas A and M University and former assistant secretary for nuclear energy at the U.S. Department of Energy, July 2012, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets,” Bipartisan Policy Center,http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf

As an active participant in commercial markets, the United States has considerable leverage internationally
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jurisdiction over commercial nuclear trade, global safety and security, and nonproliferation.
Plan key to a robust manufacturing sector in the US that spreads the model around the world
Rosner and Goldberg ‘11
[Robert, Stephen, University of Chicago, Energy Policy Institute, Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S., http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf]

As stated earlier, SMRs have the potential to achieve significant greenhouse gas emission reductions
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Japan, Korea, Russia, and, now rapidly emerging, China.
SCENARIO 1: Proliferation
Brink of widespread prolif now
CFR 7-5-2012, “The Global Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime,” Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/proliferation/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime/p18984

Nuclear weapons proliferation, whether by state or nonstate actors, poses one of the
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way for "the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons."

Ensures safe nuclear technology - allows the US to promote non-proliferation objectives, otherwise wildfire prolif is inevitable
Loudermilk 2011
(Micah, research associate with the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program at National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs”, Journal of Energy Security, 5-31-11,
http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=articleandcatid=116%3Acontent0411andid=314%3Asmall-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandtmpl=componentandprint=1andpage=andoption=com_contentandItemid=375, accessed 8-1-12, RSR)
Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the scattering of small reactors around the
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standards on nuclear agreements, spent fuel reprocessing, and developing reactor technologies.

Proliferations causes extinction – nuclear arms races and miscalculated nuclear war
Utgoff 2’
Utgoff, 2002 (Deputy Director of the Strategy Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses, Victor, “Proliferation, Missile Defence, and American Ambitions,” Survival, Volume 44, Number 2, Summer)
First, the dynamics of getting to a highly proliferated world could be very dangerous
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a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations.

SCENARIO 2: Tech Leadership
SMRs key to tech leadership – puts the US on the cutting edge of nuclear technology.
Fleischmann, ‘11
(Chuck, Representative from the 3rd District in Tennessee, “Small Modular Reactors Could Help With U.S. Energy Needs”, American Physical Society, Vol. 6, No. 2, October 2011, http://www.aps.org/publications/capitolhillquarterly/201110/backpage.cfm, accessed 8-1-12, RSR)
The timely implementation of small reactors could position the United States on the cutting edge
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strategic position on the forefront of expanding global technologies in the nuclear arena. 

Prefer our internal link – explains the last five centuries of global hegemons
Drezner 2001 Daniel Drezner (professor of international politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University) 2001 “State structure, technological leadership and the maintenance of hegemony” http://www.danieldrezner.com/research/tech.pdf
In this decade, proponents of globalization argue that because information and capital are mobile
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leading to a period of strife until a new hegemonic power is found. 

Tech decline will cause heg collapse- US will lashout to retain power
Pape 2009 Robert A. Pape (Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago) January/February 2009 “The Empire Falls”, The National Interest, June 28, http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx?id=20484
America is losing its overwhelming technological dominance in the leading industries of the knowledge economy
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America's current, rapid domestic economic decline is merely accelerating our own downfall.

Otherwise – status based great power conflict is inevitable – relative lead key to prevent global conflict
Wohlforth 2009 William C. Wohlforth (a professor of government at Dartmouth College) 2009 “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War” Project Muse
Second, I question the dominant view that status quo evaluations are relatively independent of
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ways that directly contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity.

Solves escalation of global hotspots- retrenchment causes bickering internationally over leadership and prevents cooperation
Brzezinski 2012 Zbigniew K. Brzezinski (CSIS counselor and trustee and cochairs the CSIS
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/01/03/after_america?page=0,0
For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single
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policy -- or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Solvency
Nuclear industry is constricting – no new reactors coming online
Pete Domenici and Warren F. “Pete” Miller, part time Research Professor at Texas A and M University and former assistant secretary for nuclear energy at the U.S. Department of Energy, July 2012, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets,” Bipartisan Policy Center,http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf

Prospects for new reactor construction in the United States have constricted significantly in recent years
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construction very difficult for at least the next decade, if not longer.
Incentives now takes out their disads
WNN 12 (World Nuclear News, SMR vendors apply for government funds, May 22 2012,
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-SMR_vendors_apply_for_government_funds-2205124.html)
The DoE announced in March 2012 that a total of $450 million would be
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and licences in order to identify the most viable candidates for accelerated commercialization."

But only the plan solves- production cost incentives for SMRs key – Creates a sustainable domestic industry.
Rosner and Goldberg, ‘11
(Robert (William E. Wrather Distinguished Service Professor in the Departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Physics) and Stephen (Special Assistant to the Director at the Argonne National Laboratory) , Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.”, Technical Paper, Revision 1, November 2011) RCM
Production Cost Incentive: A production cost incentive is a performance-based incentive.
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should be subject to further analysis as higher quality cost estimates become available.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

====Plan: The United States Federal Government should increase incentives to further the United States development of Concentrated Solar Power. ====

=Adv. One Warming=

====Global warming is happening; 5 reasons====

**NWF 12** (July 2012, National Wildlife Federation, ~http://www.nwf.org/Global-Warming/What-is-Global-Warming/Global-Warming-is-Happening-Now.aspx-http://www.nwf.org/Global-Warming/What-is-Global-Warming/Global-Warming-is-Happening-Now.aspx) JD

No longer is global warming something only facing future generations. Changes to our climate

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 as low-lying areas are inundated with saltwater.

====It~’s anthropogenic and scientific consensus goes aff.====

**Lewandowsky and Ashley 2011** (Stephan Lewandowsky, Professor of Cognitive Studies at the University of Western Australia, and Michael Ashley, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, June 24, 2011, "The false, the confused and the mendacious: how the media gets it wrong on climate change," http://goo.gl/u3nOC)

But despite these complexities, some aspects of climate science are thoroughly settled. We

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the 19th century, pre-dating even Sherlock Holmes and Queen Victoria.

====CSP can reduce global warming, while fulfilling all of our energy needs. Environment California Research %26 Policy Center 2008====

Environment California Research %26 Policy Center Thursday, May 8, 2008. On the Rise: Solar Thermal Power and the Fight Against Global Warming. http://www.environmentcalifornia.org/reports/cae/rise-solar-thermal-power-and-fight-against-global-warming Accessed December 17, 2012.

Global warming is real, is happening now, and is largely caused by human

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can give CSP project developers the financial certainty they need to move forward.

**====Warming causes extinction====**

**Tickell, ~’8 **

(Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, "On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction", 8-11, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ commentisfree/2008/aug/11/ climatechange)

We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson told

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warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

===Mod One: Agriculture===

====Warming collapses agriculture====

-this is comparative with the benefits from co2-induced yield increases

**Field 11 – PhD in Biology from Stanford, Director, Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science**

Christopher, PhD in Biology from Stanford, Director, Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science, 3-8-2011, "CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA~’S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS," CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis

Globally and in the US, advancements in agriculture are among the crowning accomplishments of

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yields in a setting where warming is like an anchor pulling us back.

====Warming collapses agriculture – places billions at risk of food insecurity====

**Monbiot 7 – Professor of Economics @ Oxford**

George, Professor @ Oxford Brookes University, Heat: How to Stop the Planet from Burning, pg. 6-7

But even a much smaller rise is likely to cause great harm to some human

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that rice yields fall by 15 per cent with every degree of warming.

===Mod 2: Heg===

====Warming leads to constant US intervention – collapses hegemony====

Matthew 8 – Professor of Political Science

Richard Matthew, Professor of Political Science @ Irvine, 2008, ~’A Threat Assessment,~’ GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, May, Accessed via KU Library, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB862.pdf

Against this background, climate change and security can be linked in a number of

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. We do not know how other actors in the world will behave.

US Heg Solves escalation of global hotspots- retrenchment causes bickering internationally over leadership and prevents cooperation

Brzezinski 2012 Zbigniew K. Brzezinski (CSIS counselor and trustee and cochairs the CSIS Advisory Board. He is also the Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, D.C. He is cochair of the American Committee for Peace in the Caucasus and a member of the International Advisory Board of the Atlantic Council. He is a former chairman of the American-Ukrainian Advisory Committee. He was a member of the Policy Planning Council of the Department of State from 1966 to 1968; chairman of the Humphrey Foreign Policy Task Force in the 1968 presidential campaign; director of the Trilateral Commission from 1973 to 1976; and principal foreign policy adviser to Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential campaign. From 1977 to 1981, Dr. Brzezinski was national security adviser to President Jimmy Carter. In 1981, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his role in the normalization of U.S.-China relations and for his contributions to the human rights and national security policies of the United States. He was also a member of the President~’s Chemical Warfare Commission (1985), the National Security Council–Defense Department Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy (1987–1988), and the President~’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (1987–1989). In 1988, he was cochairman of the Bush National Security Advisory Task Force, and in 2004, he was cochairman of a Council on Foreign Relations task force that issued the report Iran: Time for a New Approach. Dr. Brzezinski received a B.A. and M.A. from McGill University (1949, 1950) and Ph.D. from Harvard University (1953). He was a member of the faculties of Columbia University (1960–1989) and Harvard University (1953–1960). Dr. Brzezinski holds honorary degrees from Georgetown University, Williams College, Fordham University, College of the Holy Cross, Alliance College, the Catholic University of Lublin, Warsaw University, and Vilnius University. He is the recipient of numerous honors and awards) February 2012 "After America" http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,0

For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single

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policy — or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

=Advantage 2: Blackouts=

====THE GRID IS AT RISK NOW AND WILL FAIL WITHIN 3 YEARS – CYBER EXPERTS AGREE  Huff 12====

(Ethan A, staff writer at natural news "Hacking expert says catastrophic failure of smart energy grid within 3 year" http://usahitman.com/hcfseg/, SEH)

For at least the past five years, the federal government has been pushing utility

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Internet, and effectively without any protection, is insanity at its finest."

====Current technological advancements in CSP mean no grid instability, the only problem is a lack of investment. Goyal Jan. 12. ====

Jayesh Goyal of AREVA Solar 1/29/12. Giving power plants a boost worldwide with CSP. Power Engineering International.  http://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/print/volume-20/issue-8/opinion/giving-power-plants-a-boost-worldwide-with-csp.html Accessed December 17th, 2012.

Aside from the benefits booster and hybrid projects offer to power customers, they are

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jobs and economic growth and meet energy demand in regions around the world.

====CSP leads to grid flexibility, which makes it essential for the use of all other alternatives. Denholm and Mehos November 2011.  Paul Denholm and Mark Mehos November 2011. National Renewable Energy Laboratory "Enabling Greater Penetration of Solar Power via the Use of CSP with Thermal Energy Storage" http://www.nrel.gov/csp/pdfs/52978.pdf Date Accessed December 29, 2012. Accessed December 17^^th^^, 2012.====

Falling cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) generated electricity has led to a rapid

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flexibility to the grid as a whole and benefit all variable generation sources.

==Scenario One Economy==

====Blackouts hurt the US Economy. Brunch November 2011. ====

Michael Bruch, Volker Münch, Markus Aichinger, Michael Kuhn, Martin Weymann, Gerhard Schmid November 2011. "Power Blackout Risks Risk Management Options
 Emerging Risk Initiative – Position Paper" CRO Forum. http://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/Special%20and%20stand-alone%20articles/Power_Blackout_Risks.pdf Date Accessed December 29, 2012.

Many companies are unprepared for business disruptions caused by power blackouts, and are often

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estimated economic loss of between US%24104 and US%24164 billion.

====Economic decline causes extinction====

Lt. Col, Tom **Bearden**, PhD Nuclear Engineering, April 25, **2000**, ~http://www.cheniere.org/correspondence/042500%20-%20modified.htm-http://www.cheniere.org/correspondence/042500 - modified.htm

Just prior to the terrible collapse of the World economy, with the crumbling well

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% chance of that scenario or some modified version of it, resulting.

==Scenario Two Terrorism==

====Blackouts leave the US vulnerable to Terrorism. Brunch November 2011. ====

Michael Bruch, Volker Münch, Markus Aichinger, Michael Kuhn, Martin Weymann, Gerhard Schmid November 2011. "Power Blackout Risks Risk Management Options
Emerging Risk Initiative – Position Paper" CRO Forum. http://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/Special%20and%20stand-alone%20articles/Power_Blackout_Risks.pdf Date Accessed December 29, 2012.

Many companies are unprepared for business disruptions caused by power blackouts, and are often

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estimated economic loss of between US%24104 and US%24164 billion.

====Future terrorist attacks will cause extinction
Alexander 03====

Director of Inter-University for Terrorism Studies ~~Yonah, Washington Times, August

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road may be: For without victory, there is no survival. "

=Solvency=

====More incentives are needed to keep CSP competitive with PV solar panels. Laird 12. ====

Joyce Laird. 26 June 2012. "Is CSP still on track?" Renewable Energy Focus http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/26581/is-csp-still-on-track/  Accessed December 29, 2012.

Joyce Laird has an extensive background writing about the electronics industry; semiconductor development, R%26D, wafer/foundry/IP and device integration into high density circuit designs. Accessed December 17, 2012.

Part 1. Is the demise of CSP imminent or is it just a sleeping

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product than a PV farm can. It can be a hard sell.

====Federal Government investment is key. Dotson 2010.====

Sharryn Dotson August 30, 2010. Help Wanted: Government Incentives for PV and CSP. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2010/08/help-wanted-government-incentives-for-pv-and-csp Accessed December 17, 2012.

Even though solar is currently in the middle of a slow down when it comes

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by 2030. It could grow to 9,000 TWh by 2050.

====CSP can be implemented successfully in any region. Wood 2012.  ====

Elisa Wood September 5, 2012. CSP Gains a Foothold on US East Coast. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/09/csp-aims-to-rise-in-the-east  Accessed December 17, 2012.

¶ When people think of ideal locations for concentrating solar power, they generally envision

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crystalline PV panels, and CSP faces an uphill climb in the region.

====Energy from CSP is available around the clock reducing grid inconsistencies. Pierce. December 14, 2012====

Erin Pierce December 14, 2012. "Top 9 Things You Didn~’t Know About Concentrating Solar Power" http://www.doe.gov/articles/top-9-things-you-didnt-know-about-concentrating-solar-power Accessed December 29, 2012.

How can solar-generated electricity be consistently available when the sun doesn~’t shine around

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or at night. More details on thermal storage in this SunShot Podcast.