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1NC Immigration
Immigration reform gets through – Obama’s PC unifies the dems to push through fragmented GOP
Kate Nocera, staff writer, 2-7-2013, “House Dems embrace Obama,” Politico, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/house-dems-embrace-obama-87359.html?hp=l1
Obama’s reelection changed everything, Democratic leaders believe, and they are more than ready
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while we are aggressive, on offense and united,” he told members.
PC is key
Elise Foley, writer at Huffington Post Politics, 1-15-2013 “Obama Gears Up For Immigration Reform Push In Second Term,”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/obama-immigration-reform_n_2463388.html
Obama has repeatedly said he will push hard for immigration reform in his second term
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-style arrangement jammed by leadership -- while keeping the president heavily involved.

Renewables expansion costs PC and forces horse trading
Steve Leone, staff writer, 4-3-2012, “Part 2: Political Reality and the Way Forward for Renewable Energy,” Renewable Energy World, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/04/part-2-political-reality-and-the-way-forward-for-renewable-energy?page=all
Political heavyweights know this about their rough-and-tumble game – you project
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which a flurry of legislation pushes through amid a harried call for cuts.

High skilled immigration key to heg
Jeb Bush, former governor of Florida, Edward Alden, Bernard L. Schwartz senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, specializing in U.S. competitiveness, and Thomas F. McLarty III, former White House Chief of Staff for US President Bill Clinton, 2009, “U.S. Immigration Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations, www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Immigration_TFR63.pdf
4 U.S. Immigration Policy America’s attractiveness to immigrants is essential to its
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threats that have faced European countries, where some immigrants are more marginalized.
Heg solves great power wars
Stephen Brooks, associate prof of government at Dartmouth, William Wohlforth, prof of government at Dartmouth at Dartmouth, and John Ikenberry, Prof of politics and International Affairs at Princeton, Jan/Feb 2013, “Lead Forward,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 92 Issue 1, p130-142, 13p, 1, Ebsco.
Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall
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to Asia. Yet that is exactly what the Obama administration is doing.

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1NC Courts CP
Text: The United States Supreme Court should issue a narrow ruling that offshore wind should be categorically excluded from National Environmental Protection Act review.
Courts can effectively rule to invalidate restrictions on all forms of energy production
Christopher A. Simon, Director, Master of Public Administration, Political Science Department, University of Utah, Professor, Political Science, 2007, “Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility.”
THE COURTS The institutional power of the federal courts regarding energy policy is not ex
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goals not inconsistent with national constitutional in- terpretation and national policy priorities.
It’s competitive --- doesn’t reduce restrictions, just rules them unenforceable
William Treanor, Prof Law at Fordham, and Gene Sperling, Deputy Assistant to President for Economic Policy, December 1993, “PROSPECTIVE OVERRULING AND THE REVIVAL OF "UNCONSTITUTIONAL" STATUTES,” Columbia Law Review, lexis
Unlike the Supreme Court, several state courts have explicitly addressed the revival issue.
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a statute did not revive does not offer a convincing rationale for nonrevival.

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1NC Heidegger K
The affs attempts at management conceals alternate modes of being and reduces beings to the stranding reserve
Ladelle McWhorter, Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies at Richmond, 1992, Heidegger and the earth: Essays in environmental philosophy, Thomas Jefferson University Press, pp. 6
The danger of a managerial approach to the world lies not, then, in
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which we have not yet dreamed, directions of which we may never dream
Outweighs nuclear war
Zimmerman 94 Michael: Professor of Philosophy at Tulane. Contesting the Earth’s Future, p.104.
Heidegger asserted that human self-assertion, combined with the eclipse of being,
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species are somehow lessened because they were never "disclosed" by humanity.
Our alternative is to detach and release. We must learn to let things be what they are – this does not mean a retreat from technology or surrender to the inevitable, rather, it means a reorientation of how we relate to the world and the beings within it.
Ladelle McWhorter, Professor of Philosophy and Women’s Studies at Richmond, 1992, Heidegger and the earth: Essays in environmental philosophy, Thomas Jefferson University Press, pp. 2
Thinking today must concern itself with the earth. Wherever we turn -on newsstands
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of the power configurations of current thinking that must be allowed to dissipate.

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1NC States CP
The fifty United States and relevant territories should establish or expand existing Clean Energy Funds, coordinate clean energy funding with public infrastructure finance agencies, remove barriers to multi-state pooling arrangements for clean energy projects, support harmonized multi-jurisdictional clean energy projects, reorient tax policy toward a progressive income tax system, close corporate tax loopholes, and increase financial incentives for offshore wind development.
Avoids controversy and solves.
Lewis Milford, attorney, founder and president of the Clean Energy Group, and Mark Muro, co-director of Brookings Mountain West, Senior fellow at the Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings, 1-12-2012, “ Funding Growth: State Clean Energy Funds Can Help Invent the Future,” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lewis-milford/funding-growth-state-clea_b_1201670.html
These are tough times for the dream of clean energy and green jobs. Washington
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funds' transition from project development to industry creation should be nurtured and supported.

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1NC Demonstration CP
TEXT: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency should construct and operate a small modular nuclear reactor at the Department of Defense Installation Energy Test Bed.
The test bed increases safety, overcomes barriers to deployment and commercializes SMRs
Daniel Sarewitz and Samuel Thernstrom, Consortium for Science, Policy, and Outcomes at Arizona State University, 2012 "ENERGY INNOVATION AT THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE: ASSESSING THE OPPORTUNITIES,"
The centerpiece of DoD’s innovation model for facilities energy is its Installation Energy Test Bed
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its long-established culture of test and evaluation and early technology adoption.

DARPA operations lead to commercialization and DOD adoption
Steven Hayward et al., American Enterprise Institute, Mark Muro - Brookings Institution, Ted Nordjaus and Michael Shellenberger - Breakthrough Institute, 2010 "How a limted a direct approach to energy innovation can deliver clean, cheap energy, economic productivity and national prosperity," http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Post-Partisan%20Power.pdf
In addition to fostering stronger linkages between government-funded research centers and private sector
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and demonstrate small modular reactors at DOE nuclear facilities and DOD military bases.

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1NC Thorium PIC
The United States Federal Government should *mechanism* from modular light water nuclear reactors with electrical output less than 300 megawatt electrical for its military bases in the United States
Companies are designing thorium SMRs for military installations
Dan Yurman, Publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled 'Idaho Samizdat’ and is a frequent contributor to ANS Nuclear Café, 4-13-2012, “Nuclear start-ups have stretch goals,” The Energy Collective, http://theenergycollective.com/dan-yurman/82076/nuclear-start-ups-have-stretch-goals.
On his website Kirk Sorensen writes that Flibe Energy is a new company that will
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military has independent regulatory authority and we would not be pursuing NRC licensing.
DOD purchasing agreements sparks broader commercialization
Richard Andres and Hanna Breetz, 2011. Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University; and doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf.
Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—
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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory.
Thorium would out-compete LWRs
Megan Wait, energy market analyst for Mining Weekly, 2-25-2011. “Thorium could trigger a nuclear renaissance, given its many advantages over uranium,” Mining Weekly, http://www.miningweekly.com/article/thorium-could-trigger-nuclear-renaissance-given-its-many-advantages-over-uranium-2011-02-25.
Mulder differs: “The cost of mining thorium and converting it to fuel is
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there are at least enough thorium reserves to last about 4 500 years.
Undermines global uranium demand
I.B Lambert, Professor of Geology and Economics at Australian National University, 2012 “Global Uranium And Thorium Resources: Are They Adequate To Satisfy Demand Over The Next Half Century?” Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol 14, meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2012/EGU2012-2544.pdf.
This presentation will consider the adequacy of global uranium and thorium resources to meet realistic
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make significant inroads into the huge resource base over the next half century.
That destroys Kazakh economic modernization
Gregory Gleason, Professor at the University of New Mexico and the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, 12-14-2011 “KAZATOMPROM LOOKS EAST,” Central Asia Caucasus Institute Analyst, http://cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5683/print
BACKGROUND: Kazakhstan’s uranium industry is a key part of the country’s diversification and modernization
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market in Asia, focusing on China, India, Japan and Korea.
Kazakh economic development is a key model for Central Asia --- instability would spread and trigger Central Asian conflict.
Margarita Assenova et al, Director of Institute for New Democracies @ CSIS, 2008.; with Natalie Zajicova, Program Officer (IND); Janusz Bugajski, CSIS NEDP Director; Ilona Teleki, Deputy Director and Fellow (CSIS); Besian Bocka, Program Coordinator and Research Assistant (CSIS). “Kazakhstan’s Strategic Significance,” CSIS Institute for New Democracies, http://eurodialogue.org/Kazakhstan-Strategic-Significance.
The decision by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to
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as Kazakhstan has played a major role in exporting capital to its neighbors.
Central Asian instability leads to nuclear war
M. Ehsan Ahrari, Professor of National Security and Strategy of the Joint and Combined Warfighting School at the Armed Forces Staff College, August 2001 , “Jihadi Groups, Nuclear Pakistan and the New Great Game,”
South and Central Asia constitute a part of the world where a well-designed
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partners for the United States, thus representing a gain for all concerned.

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1NC T - Framework
The aff should be limited to instrumental affirmation of the resolution

1. “Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum
   Army Officer School, 5-12-2004, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm
   The colon introduces the following: a.  A list, but only after "
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   resolved:" Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.
   2. “USFG should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means
   Jon Ericson, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts, California Polytechnic U., et al., 2003, The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
   The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
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   compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

Predictability is key to any good framework for debate – our framework guarantees a predictable site for clash, which is the key starting condition for any effective dialogue
Ruth Lessl Shively, Assoc Prof Polisci at Texas AandM, 2000 Political Theory and Partisan Politics p. 182-3
The requirements given thus far are primarily negative. The ambiguists must say "no
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good arguments. Such agreements are simply implicit in the act of argumentation. 

A limited topic of discussion that provides for equitable ground is key to productive inculcation of decision-making and advocacy skills in every and all facets of life—-even if their position is contestable that’s distinct from it being valuably debatable—-this still provides room for flexibility, creativity, and innovation, but targets the discussion to avoid mere statements of fact
Austin J. Freeley, a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, and David L. Steinberg, Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, 2008, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp61-63
 Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference
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the comparative effectiveness of writing or physical force for a specific purpose.
Switch-side debate fosters critical thinking and conceptual flexibility – creates a culture of dissent by building up a critical mass of decision makers– prevents extremism and violence
Casey Harrigan, Associate Director of Debate at UGA, Master’s in Communications, Wake Forest U., 2008, “A Defense of Switch Side Debate”, Master’s thesis at Wake Forest, Department of Communication, May, pp.49-50
Additionally, there are social benefits to the practice of requiring students to debate both
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Hunt and Louden, 1999; Colbert, 2002, p.82).

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1NC Marx K
Fetishizing difference naturalizes capitalist domination of material conditions – it hides a foundation of exploiting surplus labor guaranteeing perpetual oppression
Teresa Ebert and Mas’ud Zavarzadeh, 2008, “Class in Culture”, p. 15-18
In materialist theory, class is constructed at the point of production which, among
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" ("Oh, My Others, There Is No Other!" 81).
There can be no making things better under capitalism – only revolution can overcome alienation fundamental to the system.
Jonh Molyneux, 3-12-2007, “ The Roots of Alienation,” http://johnmolyneux.blogspot.com/2007/03/roots-of-alienation.html
Marx was profoundly aware of this but he approached the matter differently. He showed
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thus end alienation, opening the way for the real development of humanity.

Knowledge of the social totality precedes effective action – our theory of the primacy of production forms our method – only way to remedy the secondary contradictions of capitalism
Stephen Tumino, 2001, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More Than Ever Before,” Red Critique, http://www.redcritique.org/spring2001/whatisorthodoxmarxism.htm
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
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to each according to their needs" (Marx) is the rule.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC Military SMRS Accidents DA
SMRs are coming – deployment before full review leads to accidents
Ucilia Wang, contributor to many technology publications, 1-20-2012, “Feds To Finance Small Nuclear Reactor Designs,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/uciliawang/2012/01/20/feds-to-finance-small-nuclear-reactor-designs/
The U.S. Department of Energy on Friday announced a plan to support
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that nuclear power should remain an important part of the country’s energy mix.
Takes out solvency
Matthew Baker, American Security Project, 6-22-2012, “Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?” http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/
The speakers at the DESC briefing suggested a surge is needed in SMR production to
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that the negative impacts of nuclear technology are more costly than its benefits.
 Nuclear accidents risk extinction
Stephen Lendman, Research Associate at the Center for Research on Globalization, 3-13-2011, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” The People’s Voice, http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan
For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, "
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bomb able to devastate a large city, besides causing permanent radiation contamination.

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1NC Coal Exports DA
U.S. coal exports to China are low, but downward pressure on domestic demand expands them massively
Bryan Walsh Senior Editor at TIME 5-31-12 Drawing Battle Lines Over American Coal Exports to Asia "http://science.time.com/2012/05/31/drawing-battle-lines-over-american-coal-exports-to-asia/
But across the Pacific Ocean, the demand for coal has never been hotter,
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coal at home, it would have a reason to keep mining it.
Wind trades off with coal
Janice Mays, Chief Counsel of the Committee on WaysandMeans, US House of representative, 4-4-2007, “Analysis of Alternative Extensions of the Existing Production Tax Credit for Wind Generator,” from the Energy Information Administration – Official energy statistics from the US government, http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/ptc/index.html
A permanent extension of the PTC increases wind generation in each of the credit amount
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, however, coal generation in 2030 is 59 percent above 2005 levels.

U.S. exports lock in expanded Chinese coal capacity—-causes warming over the tipping point—-it’s unique because absent U.S. exports the rising cost of coal will cause a shift to renewables
Thomas Power University of Montana professor 2-12 (“The Greenhouse Gas Impact of Exporting Coal from the West Coast” http://www.sightline.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/02/Coal-Power-White-Paper.pdf
Although the economic life of coal-fired generators is often given as 30 or
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greenhouse gas emissions that will also last well into the next half-century
Focus on solving warming – it’s the best method for achieving global justice – warming is a massive cause of structural violence and solving warming creates movements to solve other forms of oppression
Ted Glick, the National Policy Director of the Chesapeake Climate Action Network, 7-12-2009, “If you want a revolution, start with a clean energy one,” Grist, http://grist.org/article/if-you-want-a-revolution-start-with-a-clean-energy-one/
There are a number of reasons why this issue needs to be one that every
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emerge who are able to give leadership within a 21st century revolutionary process.

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1NC Indians CP
The United States federal government should fully fund contract support costs under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975.
Solves the case – supporting effective native governance is the vital internal link to self-determination and economic self-sufficiency. It’s also a pre-req to effective natural resource use
National Congress of American Indians, 2012, “Support for Tribal Governments,” http://www.ncai.org/resources/ncai-publications/indian-country-budget-request/FY2013_Spport_for_Tribal_Governments.pdf
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, (Pub.
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fulfilled, so that critical jobs that serve tribal communities can be restored.
Critiques of paternalism don’t apply to our counterplan
Wood, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Oregon, 1994, “Indian Land and the Promise of Native Sovereignty: The Trust Doctrine Revisited,” 1994 Utah L. Rev. 1471)
B. The Trust Doctrine and Historical Paternalism A second criticism focuses on the paternalistic
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future attention on supporting a sovereign trust paradigm which repudiates federal paternalism. n362 

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1NC Indians K
The affirmative’s call for renewables for Native Americans is neoliberal green-washing—the program is a ruse for corporate access to energy resources—turns the case
Brian Awehali, Free-lance journalist specializing in capitalism, published in dozens of magazines, 2006, “NATIVE ENERGY FUTURES: Renewable Energy and the New Rush on Indian Lands,” http://loudcanary.com/2006/06/05/native-energy-futures/
It all started with a single 750kW wind turbine built by the Rosebud Sioux in
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the state’s largest tribal corporation, and the single largest company in Alaska.
The aff is just opening the door to a new energy rush—tribal sovereignty is a smokescreen for cyclical violence and exploitation.
Brian Awehali, Free-lance journalist specializing in capitalism, published in dozens of magazines, 2006, “NATIVE ENERGY FUTURES: Renewable Energy and the New Rush on Indian Lands,” http://loudcanary.com/2006/06/05/native-energy-futures/
Now jump forward with me, to April 2003, and the completion of the
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than it does the advent of any kind of brave new sovereign era.
Reject their “takes the beads” logic cause it’s racist and turns self-determination
Mary Christina Wood, Oregon Law Professor, 1995, Utah L. Rev. 109, Lexis
Some have persuasively argued that many modern Indian development schemes are designed to enrich non
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than stifle, tribal economies in light of the troubling context described above.

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Grabbag CP
The United States federal government should establish a revenue neutral carbon tax system for carbon emissions in the United States. The federal government should reduce the corporate income tax and business capital-gains taxes. The United States federal government should phase out all energy subsidies.
The United States Federal Government should provide infrastructure that includes and interconnects computational science software sustainability centers, data and software repositories, and high-end computing leadership centers with each other and with researchers.
Targeting specific industries and technology fails—-carbon tax is key to market-based solutions that solve the case better
Adele C. Morris et al, Fellow and Deputy Director of the, Climate and Energy Economics project at Brookings, 6-4-2012, "CLEAN ENERGY:REVISITING THE CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY," www.brookings.edu//media/research/files/papers/2012/6/04%20clean%20energy%20morris%20nivola%20schultze/04_clean_energy_morris_nivola_schultze.pdf
Public investments of these magnitudes, targeted at specific industries, arguably constitute an industrial
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market prices that many clean energy subsidies will succeed in deploying new technologies.
Solves for high performance computing – key to competitiveness
Marc Benioff, President’s Information Technology Advisory CommitteeCo-Chair, June 2005, “Computational Science: Ensuring America’s Competitiveness,” http://lazowska.cs.washington.edu/computational.pdf
The President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) is pleased to submit to you
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with you and members of your Administration to discuss our reports and concerns.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Methane Turn
Natural gas as a bridge ensures a methane apocalypse
Bill Chameides, Dean, Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment, 7-20-2012, “Natural Gas: A Bridge to a Low-Carbon Future or Not?” Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-chameides/-natural-gas-a-bridge-to_b_1690857.html
Not really, scientists like Bob Howarth of Cornell University, protested. Why?
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will recover once the methane is flushed from the atmosphere? Probably not.
Methane release is insulated from the warming debate – unique threat
Clean Energy Educational Trust, energy and environmental analysts, 2001, “Runaway Methane Global Warming,” Hydrogen NOW! Journal, http://www.hydrogen.co.uk/h2_now/journal/articles/3_Methane.htm
Core samples taken from old ocean sediment layers have been used to trace back in
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CO2 was the cause then the raised temperatures would last a lot longer.
Rapid climate shifts cause extinction
Max Mcclure, staff writer, 6-7-2012, “Earth may be approaching 'tipping point,' Stanford scientist says,” Stanford University News, http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/earth-tipping-point-060712.html
It's already established that global biological systems are capable of very rapid, wholesale shifts
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yet equipped with a flexible intergovernmental structure necessary to manage for this future."