Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Observation 1 is the status quo –

Federal fracking regulations are overlapping, impose unnecessary costs and stifle investment that will cause skyrocketing gas prices and decreased production – Specifically:

A) EPA’s air pollution regulations

Pyle ‘12

Thomas J. Pyle, President, Institute for Energy Research (IER), National Journal, 4-23-12, Regulating Natural Gas: What's the Right Balance?, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/04/regulating-natural-gas-whats-t.php, jj

EPA's Flawed Rule Warrants Scrutiny

EPA’s proposed rule, called “Oil and Natural Gas Sector: New Source Performance

AND

imposes unnecessary costs on doing business based on shaky assumptions and vague authority.

B) Interior Department regs

Platts ‘12

Platts is a leading global provider of energy, petrochemicals and metals information, and a premier source of benchmark price assessments for those commodity markets. Since 1909, Platts has provided information and insights that help customers make sound trading and business decisions and enable the markets to perform with greater transparency and efficiency.

6-18, Proposed BLM fracking rule has no scientific basis: IECA, http://www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/NaturalGas/6394906, jj

The federal Interior Department's proposal to regulate hydraulic fracturing on federal lands has no scientific

AND

states have voiced their objections to the proposed new federal regulation of fracking.

C) Wastewater regulations

Oil and Gas Monitor ‘12

4-11, Industry Must Prepare for Fracking Wastewater Regulations, http://www.oilgasmonitor.com/industry-prepare-fracking-wastewater-regulations/1723/, jj

The EPA continues to closely examine hydraulic fracturing practices and, therefore, the industry

AND

lands onto private lands as well. Enter the EPA’s Clean Water Act.

There’s a glut of natural gas now, but regulations will make prices volatile despite this.

Faulkner ‘12

Chris Faulkner is the Founder, President and CEO of Breitling Oil and Gas, an independent oil and natural gas company based in Irving, Texas. Founded in 2004, Breitling Oil and Gas employs state-of-the-art petroleum and natural gas exploration and extraction technologies for the development of onshore oil and gas projects.

August 13, 2012, Breitling Oil and Gas, “Contemplating the Natural Gas Market: Start with the Fracking Facts” http://www.breitlingoilandgas.com/contemplating-the-natural-gas-market-start-with-the-fracking-facts/, jj

Regardless, the sad truth is that the facts have done little to quiet the

AND

regulation will continue to contribute to the volatility of natural gas commodity prices.

Investment helps companies survive the glut in the short term.

Kientz ‘12

Robert has been an investor for many years and has 7 years experience working as a corporate auditor and has 13 years corporate working experience. Robert earned his Series 6, 63, and 7 licenses 10 years ago while working as a broker dealer for a large, multinational company. In addition, Robert earned a Series 3 options license in 2009 while working for a forex broker. Robert formed a real estate property management firm in 2000 to assist property owners in the North Texas area to increase their profits by providing high quality, best of market rentals for their tenants. Since founding, Robert has reduced vacancies by an average of 2 months per year per property, and increased cash flow by increasing rental demand and therefore timely rent payments. By renovating existing rental inventory to best of market and expanding property marketing techniques, the real estate company locates the best tenants and keeps revenues consistent in a tough real estate market. After working in finance and corporate audit for many years, Robert retired to become a full time property manager, real estate investor, trader, and author. Robert started the Drop Shadow website (http://www.thedropshadow.com) in 2010. As a former corporate auditor, Robert possesses a unique view into business operations and controls and how they affect and interact with the strategic business plans of the company. The experience in Audit taught Robert various best of business practices, whose application to his investment strategies increased revenues and efficiency while reducing costly overhead.

8-28, Forex Pros, Investing In Natural Gas, Part 2, http://www.forexpros.com/analysis/investing-in-natural-gas,-part-2-134421, jj

Like many of the natural-gas companies

AND

economic conditions.

And, regulatory certainty is key to exports.

Ebinger et. al ‘12

Charles Ebinger is a senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings

AND

School of Advanced International Studies and Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service.

Kevin Massy is Assistant Director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings where he manages research into international energy relations and domestic energy policy. A former writer for the Economist magazine on energy and technology, he has an MSFS in International Business and Commerce from Georgetown University, an MA in International Journalism from City University, London, and a BA from the University of Newcastle.

Govinda Avasarala is a Senior Research Assistant in the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings. His research focuses on the geopolitics of energy in emerging markets, domestic and international oil and natural gas markets, and multilateral energy frameworks. He has a BSc in Economics from the University of Mary Washington.

Energy Security Initiative @ Brookings, Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas, May, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/natural%20gas%20ebinger/natural_gas_ebinger.pdf, jj

Environment, Regulations, and the Feasibility of LNG Exports While several studies are ongoing

AND

—suggests that the Administration supports the sustainable development of shale gas resources.

This keeps the industry healthy long term

Passwaters, 6/18/2012 (Mark, SNL Energy Gas Utility Week, “Shell executive: LNG exports to Asia hold key to breaking production glut, LexisNexis, ts)

HIGHLIGHT: LNG exports to Asia could provide a way out of an oversupplied market

AND

market for North America - and especially Canada - worth billions of dollars."

Thus, the plan:

The United States federal government should substantially reduce restrictions on natural gas production in the United States by ceasing enforcement of the Environmental Protection Agency’s New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Reviews for natural gas production. The United States federal government should issue a moratorium on further federal restrictions on natural gas production in the United States.

Advantage 1 is Coal

Coming regulations cause an NG price spike -~-- this reverses the trend towards decreased coal reliance.

Brady ‘12

Phil Brady, 6-6-12, the Opportune Time, Chesapeake: Turning Point or Point of No Return? http://www.theopportunetime.com/news/online/Chesapeake-Turning-Point-or-Point-of-No-Return.php, jj

With the current price situation, there may be an opportunity for natural gas to

AND

natural gas prices to increase and possibly reach levels seen in early 2008.

There’s no comparison -~-- natural gas is far cleaner than coal

Lu et al. ‘12

Xi Lu , School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States Jackson Salovaara , School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States Michael B. McElroy* School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States

Implications of the Recent Reductions in Natural Gas Prices for Emissions of CO2 from the US Power Sector

Environmental Science and Technology201246 (5), 3014-3021, jj

Howarth et al.(24) have suggested that emissions of CH4 associated with the

AND

et al.) but only 56% of the impact expected for coal.

Coal causes extinction from global warming

Hansen 9 - Director of Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies [James Hansen (Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Columbia University and Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Iowa), “Coal-fired power stations are death factories. Close them,” The Observer, Sunday 15 February 2009, pg. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/feb/15/james-hansen-power-plants-coal]

A year ago, I wrote to Gordon Brown asking him to place a moratorium

AND

-ready" in case technology is ever developed to capture all pollutants.

Warming’s human-caused – consensus proves. Slowing the rate is key.

Deibel ‘7

(Terry L, Professor of IR @ National War College, “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today – card starts on page 387 of this book)

Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as

AND

States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.

Advantage 2 is leadership

Fracking de-regulation is key to sustain current trends towards increased US power. Fracking is inevitable globally but US leadership ensures it is developed in a safe manner

Gillman ‘11

Jonathan Gillman has been working in the traditional energy sector in Washington D.C. for the past several years after completing his degree in Political Science from the Johns Hopkins University, where he also completed his Masters degree recently in Government/Security Studies.

8-21-11, Policy Mic, Shale Gas: A Geopolitical Game Changer http://www.policymic.com/articles/1255/shale-gas-a-geopolitical-game-changer, jj

Now that shale gas is being exploited at an ever-rising level, not

AND

than to watch nations with no concern for environmental responsibility lead the charge.

Domestic gas restores American bargaining power

Nye ‘12

Joseph S. Nye, a former U.S. assistant secretary of defense, is a professor at Harvard University and the author of "The Future of Power." Korea Times, July 22, 2012, Energy independence in interdependent world, lexis, jj

At the same time, America's bargaining position in world politics should be enhanced.

AND

alter the power relations involved in energy interdependence. Nixon got that right.

That solidifies hegemony

Moravcsik ‘09

Andrew Maitland Moravcsik is a Professor of Politics and director of the European Union Program at Princeton University.

2009, The Asrudian Center – International Politics, IR Theory, Economics, Philosophy, Robert Keohane: Political Theorist http://asrudiancenter.wordpress.com/2009/01/29/robert-keohane-political-theorist/, jj

Power and Interdependence seeks to develop positive theories to explain state behavior under such conditions

AND

derives bargaining power from the same basic source as state preferences.[22]

Even if heg is unsustainable, plan saves it.

Wilson Quarterly ‘12

Wilson Quarterly, Summer 2012. Vol. 36, Iss. 3; pg. 64, 2 pgs, Frayed in the U.S.A., PROQUEST, jj

TO THOSE WHO FRET ABOUT America's economic future, have no fear: "Export

AND

, and a stronger economy will mean more money for American defense priorities.

Hegemony solves global nuclear war

Robert Kagan (Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Senior Transatlantic Fellow at the German Marshall Fund) 2007 “End of Dreams, Return of History,” Hoover Institution, No. 144, August/September, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/6136

The jostling for status and influence among these ambitious nations and would-be

AND

new instability, one likely to draw the United States back in again.

Lack of energy bargaining leverage causes over-reliance on hard power

Claes ‘10

Dag Harald Claes, Department of political science, University of Oslo

September 9-11, 2010, Global Energy Security: Resource Availability, Economic Conditions and Political Constraints*) http://stockholm.sgir.eu/uploads/Claes-Stockholm-h10.pdf, jj

Under the first, to a somewhat lesser extent the second, Bush administration the

AND

the Palestine issue, and the challenge from Iran since the Iranian revolution.

Advantage 3 is economy

The US economy is improving and building momentum now because of low natural gas prices

Bloomberg 12 – Jack Kaskey, writer for Bloomberg News, February 29th, 2012, "U.S. Economy Strengthens on Gas 'Tailwind,' Dow CEO Says," www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2012-02-29/u-s-economy-strengthens-on-natural-gas-tailwind-dow-ceo-says.html

The U.S. economic recovery is gathering strength as cheaper natural gas drives

AND

rose to the highest in a year, the Conference Board reported yesterday.

Plan’s key to sustain this, two internal links:

First -~-- production key to jumpstart the recovery

Baily and Verleger ‘12

Martin Neil Baily, Senior Fellow, Economic Studies , Philip K. Verleger Jr., Peterson Institute for International Economics, Brookings, June 27, 2012, Could Cheap Gas Save the Economy? http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/06/27-cheap-gas-baily, jj

Something is badly needed to get the economy moving again and avoid another slowdown.

AND

gas windfall is very good news. Let's make the most of it.

Restrictions prevent the Shale boom from reviving manufacturing and petrochemicals - key to the US economy

Bryce ‘11

Robert Bryce has been writing about energy for nearly two decades. His articles have

AND

managing editor of Energy Tribune and a contributing writer for The Texas Observer.

Wall Street Journal, 6-13-11, Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, America Needs the Shale Revolution http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/miarticle.htm?id=7188, jj

The drilling boom is the best U.S. energy news in generations and

AND

of a proven technology stop the much-needed resurgence of American industry.

Second -~-- price spikes will hurt consumers and cause recession

LAMMEY 7 [Alan, Energy Market Analyst @ Energy Intelligence Group, “High Oil, Gas Prices that Cause Recession Often Crushed in Turn” Natural Gas Week, April 2 -- LEXIS]

Alarm bells are going off everywhere regarding the state of the economy, from the

AND

but now we just have to add the recession element to the equation."

US decline causes global wars

Judis, Carnegie Endowment, 2011, The New Republic, August 8, [John], p. http://www.npr.org/2011/08/08/139080654/new-republic-a-lesson-from-the-great-depression

The first consideration has to do with the sheer gravity of the situation. What

AND

ruckus that Tea Party and Republican opposition could create over the next year.

Best studies prove growth solves conflict

Jedidiah Royal 10, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signalling And The Problem Of Economic Crises”, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215

Second, on a dyadic level. Copeland's (1996. 2000) theory of

AND

popularity, are statistically linked to an increase in the use of force.

Observation 2 is solvency

The NSPS rule is counterproductive and increases air pollution -~-- it should be struck down

Peshek and Millican ‘12

Adam Peshek, Research Associate Reason Foundation, Robin Millican, Policy Associate Institute for Energy Research, 2-28-12, Reason Foundation, Letter to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Administrator Lisa Jackson, http://reason.org/files/oil_and_gas_nsps_and_neshap_comment.pdf, jj

6) The NSPS Incentivizes the Use of Outdated Equipment and Deters Development Because the

AND

drilled each year—the rule may cause operators to undertake fewer projects.

7) Regulatory Alternatives Should Be Evaluated Prior To Regulation Although EPA has indicated its

AND

, or providing information upon which choices can be made by the public.”

Removing the EPA and Interior Department regulations alleviates confusion and restores certainty

Russell ‘12

Barry Russell, President, Independent Petroleum Association of America (IPAA), National Journal, 1-17-12, What's Ahead for Natural Gas? http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/01/whats-ahead-for-natural-gas.php?mrefid=site_search, jj

Furthermore, as President Obama touts the benefits of natural gas, his administration has

AND

responsible regulation of hydraulic fracturing, natural gas will certainly power America’s future.

A moratorium is key to certainty

Loris ‘11

Nicolas D. Loris is a Policy Analyst in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. 9-8-11, Heritage, Energy Exploration Would Create Jobs and Raise Revenue Without Raising Taxes http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/09/energy-exploration-would-create-jobs-and-raise-revenue-without-raising-taxes, jj

Place a freeze on new environmental regulations. Stressing the need for regulatory certainty,

AND

, but given the fiscal situation, this is a no-brainer.

Certainty key to development of shale gas

Baker Institute ’11 (James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University, October, Shale Gas and U.S. National Security, online, jj)

To tap this benefit, it will be essential for the United States to promote

AND

supplies and to the long-term national interests of the United States.

Federal de-regulation won’t cause a race to the bottom. States are best equipped to regulate

Willie ‘12

Matt Willie, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1743, Hydraulic Fracturing and "Spotty" Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling, Lexis, jj

B. Federal v. State: Why "Spotty" Regulation is Better Regulation

The push for more federal control of hydraulic fracturing seems at least partly motivated

AND

States has been "spotty" n199 may actually be a good thing.

1. Regional differences

In many respects, the more local and specialized the regulation, the better.

AND

road national standard could send the message that stricter requirements are unnecessary. n224

2. Federal regulatory failures

Obviously, only a shortsighted system would fail to account for at least some regional

AND

-centric system that has worked with relatively few problems for six decades.

C. Financial Costs of Federal Regulation

Even if fracking regulators were somehow immune from the failures that have plagued other agencies

AND

along to consumers, compounding government waste with higher prices at the pump.

V. Conclusion

The tremendous economic impact of hydraulic fracturing should not be understated. As the need

AND

little to gain, the costs of additional federal controls are simply unjustifiable.

States won’t leave fracking unregulated. They’ll fill in and solve; numerous examples prove.

Willie ‘12

Matt Willie, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1743, Hydraulic Fracturing and "Spotty" Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling, Lexis, jj

What is conspicuously missing from many of these groups' arguments, however, is an

AND

keeps in place a system that has worked for half a century." n161

It’s abundant and recoverable

Doran ‘12

Kevin Doran, is an institute fellow and assistant research professor at the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), a joint institute of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of Colorado at Boulder. His research focuses on the legal, regulatory and public policy dimensions of energy development. Adam Reed is a research associate at RASEI. He researches and writes on the legal, policy, and regulatory issues surrounding the deployment of sustainable energy technologies.

Yale Environment 360, 13 Aug 2012, Natural Gas and Its Role In the U.S.’s Energy Endgame http://e360.yale.edu/feature/natural_gas_role_in_us_energy_endgame/2561/, jj

The United States has won the lottery on natural gas. According to the most

AND

power around the clock — and emits roughly half the greenhouse gas emissions.

Natural gas’s net GHG emissions are negative – this assumes methane release

Abby W. Schachter (Writer for the Weekly Standard and the New York Post) June 2012 “We've got to become energy independent to slow terrorism-fracking is the key” http://www.zimbio.com/Fracking+Lawsuits/articles/2ymubk5GzT3/ve+got+become+energy+independent+slow+terrorism

As for Howarth’s research on fracking’s carbon footprint, his conclusions were quickly debunked by

AND

rules—once its experts have had sufficient time to study the issue.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1,4,6,7 | Opponent: Emory (x3), Harvard  | Judge: Kernoff, Whitmore, Kallmyer, Gannon
Open Source provided below

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should substantially reduce restrictions on natural gas production in the United States by repealing the Environmental Protection Agency’s New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Reviews for natural gas production. The United States federal government should issue a moratorium on further federal restrictions on natural gas production in the United States.

Tournament: Clarion | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Doomsday rep’s
Our specific reps – even if doomsday – are good. Spur needed movements
Joppke '91
(Christian - professor of political and social sciences at the European University Institute — The British Journal of Sociology - March - via J-Store)
Since the ecology and anti-nuclear movements lack a well-defined group basis
AND
is no time to lose because too much time has already been lost.

Dystopic images are an antidote to fear – they counteract fatalism and catalyze debates to alter the future
Fuyuki Kurasawa, Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Constellations Volume 11 No 4 2004
Returning to the point I made at the beginning of this paper, the significance
AND
-political action, spurring citizens’ involvement in the work of preventive foresight.

Anxiety and fear K’s wrong and cause anti-politics
Buss ‘97
(Psychological Inquiry, 8, David, Department of Psychology at University of Texas)
A central premise in TMT is that the evolution of human intellectual capacities brought about
AND
in part, to the solution of specific problems of survival and reproduction.  

Predictions are methodologically sound, reflexive, and increasingly accurate.
Ruud van der Helm is a Dutch policy officer on instrument development in the Aid Effectiveness and Policy Department. Futures – Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 67-116 (March 2009) – obtained via Science Direct
Futurists build and discuss statements on future states of affairs. When their work is
AND
designed for the preparation of decision-making, or of collective action.   

Tournament: Clarion | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2. Perm do both – Earth is so over-run with human control that relinquishing anthropocentrism now wouldn’t solve – it would be impossible for nature to take its course – only pragmatism solves

Katz ’99 (Eric, Science, Technology, and Society Program, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Winter, Environmental Ethics, Vol 21, “A Pragmatic Reconsideration of Anthropocentrism,” jj)

What about the nonanthropocentric argument regarding beach replenishment? A nonanthropocentric argument, by definition
AND
of possibly relevant and meaningful values in the formation and justification of policy.

Action and reflection on consequences of that action are compatible.
Padrutt, 92 – Psychiatrist and President of the Daseinsanalyse Gesellschaft – 1992 (Hanspeter Padrutt, Heidegger and the Earth, “Heidegger and Ecology,” ed. LaDelle McWhorter, P.31)

Once in a– that also has consequences.
4 Anthropocentrism is inevitable and good—the alternative links to the critique and makes it impossible to protect the biosphere.
Grey 93 — William Grey, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland, 1993 (“Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology,” Australiasian Journal of Philosophy, Volume 71, Number 4, Available Online at http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html, Accessed 07-27-2011)
The attempt to provide a genuinely non-anthropocentric set of values, or preferences
AND
more cosmic seconds 10.

6 Their alternative means we all die—it makes extinction inevitable.
Grey 93 — William Grey, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland, 1993 (“Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology,” Australiasian Journal of Philosophy, Volume 71, Number 4, Available Online at http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html, Accessed 07-27-2011)
Suppose that ng to the Gaia hypothesis of Lovelock (1979), the atmosphere and oceans are not just biological products, but biological constructions.

7. Their radical devotion to ecocentrism collapses into nihilism and paralysis.
Brown 95 — Charles S. Brown, Professor of Philosophy at Emporia State University, 1995 (“Anthropocentrism and Ecocentrism: the quest for a new worldview,” The Midwest Quarterly, Volume 36, Number 2, Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Information Access)
Deep spare the life of any innocent person over the lives of a family of rats in an expression of this evolutionary imperative.

Tournament: Clarion | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Cap 2ac - Long

And, no prior questions --- elevating ontological and philosophical concerns fails and trades off with pragmatic policy solutions
Jenkins ‘11
Willis Jenkins, Margaret A. Farley Assistant Professor of Social Ethics, Professor Jenkins teaches environmental ethics, global ethics, and Christian social thought. He is author of Ecologies of Grace: Environmental Ethics and Christian Theology, which won a 2009 Templeton Award for Theological Promise, and Sustainability, Social Justice, and Christian Ethics (Georgetown, in press). He is editor of The Spirit of Sustainability (2009) and coeditor of Bonhoeffer and King: Their Legacies and Import for Christian Social Thought (2010). He has written recent journal articles on ethics in the environmental sciences, on homelessness and urban theory, and on the field of religion and ecology.
Ethics and the Environment, ENVIRONMENTAL PRAGMATISM, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, AND CULTURAL REFORM, Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2011, pp.
51-74 (Article) PROJECT MUSE, jj

Pragmatism: Making Ethics Practical
Pragmatists often … adopt environmental solutions (2003, 241).

2. PERM – do both - Reformism from with-in solves
Dixon 1 – Activist and founding member of Direct Action Network Summer, Chris, “Reflections on Privilege, Reformism, and Activism”, Online

To bolster his critique of … to a fundamentally flawed system. 

3. Prefer the aff’s incrementalism to the alt’s inaction --- refusal to embrace bridge fuels like the aff guarantees environmental collapse
Charles K. Ebinger, Director, Energy Security Initiative Govinda Avasarala, Research Assistant, Foreign Policy, Energy Security Initiative The Brookings Institution 4-22-10, Environmental Pragmatism http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0422_environmental_pragmatism_ebinger.aspx, jj

Finally, people need …the ball rolling.
4. alt doesn’t solve - Capitalism is inevitable—reforms, not revolution, are the only option.
Wilson, 2000 – Editor and Publisher of Illinois Academe – 2000 (John K. Wilson, “How the Left can Win Arguments and Influence People” p. 15- 16) 

Capitalism is … to an uninterested public.

6. Democratic capitalism is self-correcting and sustainable – war and environmental destruction are not profitable and innovation solves their impacts
Kaletsky, ’11 (Anatole, editor-at-large of The Times of London, where he writes weekly columns on economics, politics, and international relationsand on the governing board of the New York-based Institute for New Economic
Theory (INET), a nonprofit created after the 2007-2009 crisis to promote and finance academic research in economics, Capitalism 4.0: The Birth of a New Economy in the Aftermath of Crisis, p. 19-21, bgm)

Democratic capitalism …. of the proverbially optimistic Mr. Micawber: "Something will turn up." 

7. Alt causes violence
Pinker ’11 (Steven, the Economist, The violent dangers of ideology; The QandA: Steven Pinker, Proquest, jj)

You equate …they wanted class revolution.

Coal is inevitable in the world of the alt – turns the K
Wendland ‘11
Joel Wendland is editor of Political Affairs magazine. He is a union member and a US Army veteran.
7-20-11, People’s World, Coal pollution killing poor, people of color, NAACP charges http://www.peoplesworld.org/coal-pollution-killing-poor-people-of-color-naacp-charges/, jj

America is …. of emergency room visits, deaths and chronic illnesses by thousands each year.
There is no root cause to environmental destruction – assuming so prevents effective solutions to specific issues
Garrard 4 (Greg, PhD in Humanities and Cultural Industries @ Liverpool U, “Ecocriticism”, pp.
176-178, Questia) JPG
Much ecocriticism has taken …. politics might be minimized.
They have it backwards – large-scale violence leads to structural violence
Goldstein, ’01 (Joshua S., Professor of International Relations at American University, War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, pp.411-412)

I began this book hoping …. to be empirically inadequate.

Capitalism is key to environmental preservation.
Taylor, ’03 Jenny Taylor, senior fellow CATO institute, Happy Earth Day? Thank Capitalism, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3073

Earth Day (April 22) is traditionally a …., has no special claim on Earth Day.

K doesn’t turn case – prefer our proximate internal links – they overdetermine war
Scott D. Sagan – Department of Political Science, Stanford University – ACCIDENTAL WAR IN THEORY AND PRACTICE – 2000 – available via: www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/sagan.doc
To make reasonable judgements in such …. a nuclear war was neither inevitable nor overdetermined during the Cold War. 

The judge must evaluate the consequences of the plan – ignoring the implications allows infinite violence
Williams 2005 (Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales—Aberystwyth, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations, p. 174-176)

A commitment to an ethic …. toward, responsibility.

Extinction first
Robin Attfield, Professor of Philosophy at Cardiff University, “The Ethics of the Global Environment”, Perdue University Press, 1999, pg 68

Nevertheless, as John Leslie …., does not mandate extinction, unlike several of the theories which stand opposed to it.

Tournament: Clarion | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Bridge fuels key --- renewables can’t come close to displacing fossil fuels in the near term
Tour et al. ‘10
James M. Tour, Carter Kittrell and Vicki L. Colvin are in the Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and the Green Carbon Center, Rice University. Nature Materials 9,871–874(2010), Green carbon as a bridge to renewable energy, http://www.nature.com.proxy.lib.wayne.edu/nmat/journal/v9/n11/full/nmat2887.html, jj

A green use of carbon-based …. hydrogen from renewable sources, while at the same time producing basic chemical feedstocks.

3) Turn --- natural gas key to renewables transition
Frank et al ‘09
Matthew Frank, Jenna Goodward, Sarah Ladislaw, and Kate Zyla, May 2009, CSIS, Crossing the Natural Gas Bridge, http://csis.org/files/publication/090626_final_crossing_gas_bridge.pdf, jj

Addressing climate …. natural gas.

The judge must evaluate the consequences of the plan – ignoring the implications allows infinite violence
Williams 2005 (Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales—Aberystwyth, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations, p. 174-176)

A commitment to an …. responsibility.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
K 2ac – Schmidt
And, no prior questions --- elevating ontological and philosophical concerns fails and trades off with pragmatic policy solutions
Jenkins ‘11
Willis Jenkins, Margaret A. Farley Assistant Professor of Social Ethics, Professor Jenkins teaches environmental ethics, global ethics, and Christian social thought. He is author of Ecologies of Grace: Environmental Ethics and Christian Theology, which won a 2009 Templeton Award for Theological Promise, and Sustainability, Social Justice, and Christian Ethics (Georgetown, in press). He is editor of The Spirit of Sustainability (2009) and coeditor of Bonhoeffer and King: Their Legacies and Import for Christian Social Thought (2010). He has written recent journal articles on ethics in the environmental sciences, on homelessness and urban theory, and on the field of religion and ecology.
Ethics and the Environment, ENVIRONMENTAL PRAGMATISM, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, AND CULTURAL REFORM, Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2011, pp.
51-74 (Article) PROJECT MUSE, jj

Pragmatism: Making Ethics Practical
Pragmatists often …2003, 241).

2. Perm – do both - The plan over comes apocalyptic fear -- coupling our rhetoric with a solution solves
Feinberg and Willer 11 - Psychology Dept and Sociology Dept, UC Berkeley (Matthew and Robb, "Apocalypse Soon? Dire Messages Reduce Belief in Global Warming by Contradicting Just-World Beliefs", Psychological Science January 2011 vol. 22 no. 1 34-38)KL

These results demonstrate how …. 2, it remains to be seen how just world beliefs could be
changed longer-term in field settings.     

3. Prefer the aff’s incrementalism to the alt’s inaction --- refusal to embrace bridge fuels like the aff guarantees environmental collapse
Charles K. Ebinger, Director, Energy Security Initiative Govinda Avasarala, Research Assistant, Foreign Policy, Energy Security Initiative The Brookings Institution 4-22-10, Environmental Pragmatism http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0422_environmental_pragmatism_ebinger.aspx, jj

Finally, people need … job of getting the ball rolling. 

4. Rejection of current IR paradigm leads to instability and international intervention – turns their impact
McCormack 10 – Lecturer in International Politics
Tara McCormack, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, pg. 127-129

The following section …. theoretical approaches.

5. Predictions are methodologically sound, reflexive, and increasingly accurate.
Ruud van der Helm is a Dutch policy officer on instrument development in the Aid Effectiveness and Policy Department. Futures – Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 67-116 (March 2009) – obtained via Science Direct
Futurists build and …. in serving studies designed for the preparation of decision-making, or of collective action.   

6. Act to save the most lives – imperfect knowledge doesn’t justify inaction
Cowen ‘04 (Tyler, Professor of Economics – George Mason University, “The Epistemic Problem Does Not Refute Consequentialism”, 11-2, http://www.gmu.edu/jbc/Tyler/Epistemic2.pdf, p. 14-15)

The epistemic critique …. not stop us from pursuing large upfront benefits of obvious importance. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
NG still better despite methane
L. M. Cathles, June 6, 2012
After receiving his PhD from Princeton, Professor Larry Cathles joined Kennecott Copper Corporation where he investigated the genesis of porphyry copper deposits and industrial leaching processes. In 1978 he joined the faculty at Pennsylvania State University where his research focus was on the formation of massive sulfide deposits at mid-ocean ridges and in failed rifts in Japan. In 1982 he joined the Chevron Oil Field Research Laboratory where he developed genetic and exploration models for gold and sulfide deposits and investigated the C02 generation that often attends steam injection for enhanced oil recovery. In 1987 Cathles came to Cornell as an earth scientist who addresses the Earth processes with the perspective of a physicist. His fundamental approach is to construct physical process models that predict chemical change; to develop models that simulate the chemical alteration caused by the movements of water in the subsurface for example. Cathles has published over 110 peer-reviewed publications and a book: "The Viscosity of the Earth`s Mantle". Presently he is a co-leader of the oil and gas thrust of the Cornell KAUST program and Director of the Cornell Institute for the Study of the Continents.
Assessing the greenhouse impact of natural gas
http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/PeoplePlaces/Faculty/cathles/Natural%20Gas/Assessing%20the%20greenhouse%20impact%20of%20natural%20gas%20FINAL%20UNFORMTTED.pdf

The global warming impact …s substitution also reduces the rate at which zero carbon energy sources must be eventually introduced.
Fracking regulations cause a shift towards methane hydrate extraction
Rennie ‘11
John Rennie served as editor in chief of Scientific American between 1994 and 2009. Based in New York, he continues to work as a science writer and editor, and as an adjunct instructor in New York University's Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program.
June 1, 2011, PLOS, Energy from Methane Hydrates: Better to Burn Out than Fade Away, http://blogs.plos.org/retort/2011/06/01/energy-from-methane-hydrates-better-to-burn-out-than-fade-away/, jj

But of course, in the real world…in methane hydrates.

Extinction
Heinberg 4 (Richard, Award-Winning Author and Core Faculty Member of New College of California, “Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World,” pp.122-4)

Methane hydrates … similarly stark awakening.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1) We meet – our regs directly restrict production --- your violation evidence notes the GOAL of regulation, not the OBJECT of the regulation which is production:
NSPS and NESHAPR
GAO ‘12
Government Accountability Office http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-1012R, jj

GAO reviewed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) new rule on new source performance standards (NSPS) and national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants reviews. GAO found that (1) the final action finalizes the review of new source performance standards for the listed oil and natural gas source category. In this action the EPA revised the NSPS for volatile organic compounds from leaking components at onshore natural gas processing plants and new source performance standards for sulfur dioxide emissions from natural gas processing plants. The EPA also established standards for certain oil and gas operations not covered by the existing standards. In addition to the operations covered by the existing standards, the newly established standards will regulate volatile organic compound emissions from gas wells, centrifugal compressors, reciprocating compressors, pneumatic controllers and storage vessels. This action also finalizes the residual risk and technology review for the Oil and Natural Gas Production source category and the Natural Gas Transmission and Storage source category. This action includes revisions to the existing leak detection and repair requirements. In addition, the EPA has established in this action emission limits reflecting maximum achievable control technology for certain currently uncontrolled emission sources in these source categories. This action also includes modification and addition of testing and monitoring and related notification, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, as well as other minor technical revisions to the national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants. This action finalizes revisions to the regulatory provisions related to emissions during periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction; and (2) EPA complied with applicable requirements in promulgating the rule.

2) Counter-interp: CI – “Restrictions” includes “regulations” – this evidence is energy specific
Davies 30 (Major George, “CLAUSE 1.—(Scheme regulating production, supply and sale of coal.),” February, vol 235 cc2453-558, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1930/feb/27/clause-1-scheme-regulating-production)
Major GEORGE DAVIES The hon. Member says he has heard no reason advanced for this Amendment. I am willing to give him one, and I will tell him that the reason why the benches are not full, as they were a short time ago, is that man cannot live by bread alone and, as there is a rule against the introduction of newspapers and foodstuffs, it is necessary for some of us to refresh ourselves after a late Division. I am not going to transgress the ruling of the Chair, as we have been given very great latitude, but I want to confine myself to the point at issue, which is the regulation of sale. I have had experience in the past of efforts to regulate the sale of sugar. Like the coal industry to-day, there has been in the past an over-production of many of the fundamental articles of the life of a nation. I will not dwell on the case of rubber, but the sugar situation was entirely on all fours with this situation, as it was a question of the regulation of sale. Facing a situation very similar in kind and not dissimilar in degree to the problem now before us, those connected with that particular industry in certain countries thought it an advantage to control and regulate the sale. As soon as you use the word "regulation" in this connection it is idle to suggest that it does not mean restriction. Obviously, that is the point—to restrict—and, while 2541 it is true the word "restrict" is not in this particular Clause, and cannot be argued in connection with this Amendment, yet behind the word "regulate" is the word "restrict," in other words, controlling what has been uncontrolled, production thrown on markets not able to receive it.

Tournament: Clarion | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The CP would be send a massive signal of unpredictability and confusion from the court
Ford 5
Matthew Ford, Law Student at St John's University School of Law in New York. 9/15/05. “John Roberts, Stare Decisis, and the Return of Lochner: An Impetus to Jump-Start the Labor Movement.” Mr. Zine Magazine, A Project of the Monthly Review. http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/ford180905.html
Our common law system … is to start trouble.

Tournament: Clarion | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1) Turn --- low oil prices are key to the Russian economy
Illarionov 04 (Dr. Andrei, senior fellow at the Cato Institute's Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity and former chief economic adviser to Russian President Vladimir Putin, lexis)

A: The … Russia.

2) Reliance on energy is unsustainable and they are diversifying
Kopinski, ’11 (Mark, chief investment officer, senior vice president and senior portfolio manager for American Century Investments, a premier investment management firm, headquartered in Kansas City, MO, “Russia’s Push for Economic Diversification and Modernization,” 1/19, http://americancenturyblog.com/2011/01/russia%E2%80%99s-push-for-economic-diversificationand-modernization/, bgm)

Russia is contending … world behind China.

3) Oil price drop doesn’t crush econ
Belton 6/18/12 (Catherine – Economic Writers for the Moscow Times, Russia earmarks $40bn to bolster economy, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1eea8e10-b94d-11e1-9bfd-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1ykvTHc00)
Russia is …. contain $145bn.

Russia econ decline inevitable
Weir, 11/3/11 (Fred, author of Revolution from Above: The Demise of the Soviet System, “Russia's shrinking population mars Putin's superpower ambitions,” http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/russia/111102/russia-population-superpower-health-soviet-union, bgm)

In 1991, Russia's …. people to call ourselves a country."

Tournament: Liberty | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Exports key to Japan’s economy
Podesta ‘12
John Podesta is Chair and Counselor of the Center for American Progress and the Center for American Progress Action Fund. Under his leadership, American Progress has become a notable leader in the development of and advocacy for progressive policy. Prior to founding the Center in 2003, Podesta served as White House chief of staff to President William J. Clinton. He served in the president's cabinet and as a principal on the National Security Council. While in the White House, he also served as both an assistant to the president and deputy chief of staff, as well as staff secretary and a senior policy advisor on government information, privacy, telecommunications security, and regulatory policy. Most recently, Podesta served as co-chair of President Obama’s transition, where he coordinated the priorities of the incoming administration’s agenda, oversaw the development of its policies, and spearheaded its appointments of major cabinet secretaries and political appointees. Additionally, Podesta has held numerous positions on Capitol Hill, including counselor to Democratic Leader Sen. Thomas A. Daschle (1995-1996); chief counsel for the Senate Agriculture Committee (1987-1988); and chief minority counsel for the Senate Judiciary Subcommittees on Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks; Security and Terrorism; and Regulatory Reform (1981-1987). A Chicago native, Podesta is a graduate of Knox College and the Georgetown University Law Center, where he is currently a visiting professor of law. He also authored The Power of Progress: How America’s Progressives Can (Once Again) Save Our Economy, Our Climate and Our Country.
4-13-12, Center for American Progress, U.S. Rebalance to Asia: Japan as the Key Partner http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2012/04/podesta_japan.html, jj

Finally, I want to say a few ….address those threats.

Nuclear war with China
Elliot 2 (Larry, Staff Writer – Guardian, “Defenceless Japan Awaits Typhoon”, The Guardian, 2-11, Lexis)
Even so, …. neighbour.

Tournament: Liberty | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan prevents US China energy competition
LeVine ‘12
Steve LeVine writes about energy for Foreign Policy, 7-21, Herald Online, The consequences of the new era of oil abundance http://www.heraldonline.com/2012/07/21/4127898/the-consequences-of-the-new-era.html, jj

Cooperation: Western … patrolling the Persian Gulf.

This causes US-China war
Yoshihara and Sokolsky, ‘2 Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, NDU Analyst, Winter/Spring, 26 Fletcher F. World Aff. 63 

The combination …States. n1

Global nuclear war
Hunkovic, 09 – American Military University (Lee, “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict,” http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/Hunkovic.pdf)

A war between China, … in this study.

Tournament: Liberty | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
a. presidential signal key to solve
Weinstein ‘12
Bernard L. Weinstein, Associate Director, Maguire Energy Institute at the Southern Methodist University's Cox School of Business, National Journal, 1-17-12, What's Ahead for Natural Gas? http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/01/whats-ahead-for-natural-gas.php?mrefid=site_search, jj

The Presidential election … find that clarity. 

Zero solvency --- Vermont doesn’t have natural gas
McLure 12 (Jason McLure, 5-8-12, Vermont poised to be first state to outlaw fracking, https://www.tabroom.com/user/enter/ratings/ordinals_prefs.mhtml?school_id=34127andgroup_id=4303andentry_id=366437, jj)

(Reuters) - Vermont …. formation.

) EPA will circumvent the ruling
Hamilton ‘12
Ken Hamilton, Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation Executive Vice President, April 2012, EPA regulatory over reach is slapped down – again! - April 2012 http://www.wyfb.org/news-center/farm-bureau-views/273-epa-regulatory-over-reach-is-slapped-down-again-april-2012, jj

This comment …. to do what it needs to do.

4) Links to elections – healthcare proves
Stephen Manual, 6/28/2012 (staff writer, “Will Supreme Court judgment help Obama win presidential election?”  Accessed 7/26/2012 at http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/12483143-will-supreme-court-judgment-help-obama-win-presidential-election, rwg)
Finally, President Barack Obama has …..campaign against Obama.

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
And, no prior questions --- elevating ontological and philosophical concerns fails and trades off with pragmatic policy solutions
Jenkins ‘11
Willis Jenkins, Margaret A. Farley Assistant Professor of Social Ethics, Professor Jenkins teaches environmental ethics, global ethics, and Christian social thought. He is author of Ecologies of Grace: Environmental Ethics and Christian Theology, which won a 2009 Templeton Award for Theological Promise, and Sustainability, Social Justice, and Christian Ethics (Georgetown, in press). He is editor of The Spirit of Sustainability (2009) and coeditor of Bonhoeffer and King: Their Legacies and Import for Christian Social Thought (2010). He has written recent journal articles on ethics in the environmental sciences, on homelessness and urban theory, and on the field of religion and ecology.
Ethics and the Environment, ENVIRONMENTAL PRAGMATISM, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, AND CULTURAL REFORM, Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2011, pp.
51-74 (Article) PROJECT MUSE, jj

Pragmatism: Making Ethics Practical
Pragmatists often introduce their strategy of practical reason with an opening complaint that cosmological strategies
AND
a variety of people” to adopt environmental solutions (2003, 241).

2. Perm – do both - Action and reflection on consequences of that action are compatible.
Padrutt, 92 – Psychiatrist and President of the Daseinsanalyse Gesellschaft – 1992 (Hanspeter Padrutt, Heidegger and the Earth, “Heidegger and Ecology,” ed. LaDelle McWhorter, P.31)

Once in a while the conceptual interplay of theory and praxis is put against this
AND
– e.g., a cybernetic worldview – that also has consequences.

3. Prefer the aff’s incrementalism to the alt’s inaction --- refusal to embrace bridge fuels like the aff guarantees environmental collapse
Charles K. Ebinger, Director, Energy Security Initiative Govinda Avasarala, Research Assistant, Foreign Policy, Energy Security Initiative The Brookings Institution 4-22-10, Environmental Pragmatism http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0422_environmental_pragmatism_ebinger.aspx, jj

Finally, people need to embrace pragmatism. Though it is not ideal and rarely
AND
we can do a far more effective job of getting the ball rolling. 

4. Extinction turns the alternative
Reilly 8—26 year career in politics during which he founded the nation’s largest political consulting firm of its time. Reilly managed winning campaigns for a wide variety of high-profile candidates, including current Pelosi (Clint, “From Heidegger to the Environment: Californians Are in the World,” 19 August 2008, http://www.californiaprogressreport.com/2008/08/from_heidegger.html,)

Even in today’s age of cutting-edge science and technology, it is important
AND
world,” no “being,” no “we,” no “I.” 

6. Can’t solve calc thought --- too entrenched
Riis 11—Carlsberg Research Fellow and Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Science Studies at Roskilde University, Ph.D. from Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (Søren, 8 February 2011, “Towards the origin of modern technology: reconfiguring Martin Heidegger’s thinking,”)

Moreover, Heidegger maintains: ‘‘Readiness-to-hand is the way in
AND
being-under-the-spell-of-das-Gestell.

7. Abandoning management causes extinction
Soulé 95 – Natural Resources Professor, California (Michael and Gary Lease, Reinventing Nature?, p 159-60, AG)

The decision has already been made in most places. Some of the ecological myths
AND
, management is the only viable alternative to massive attrition of living nature. 

8. Turn - Waiting for a new ontology is a strategy that dooms us to nuclear omnicide and makes all the aff and neg impacts inevitable.
Santoni ‘85 (Ronald E., Philosophy Professor @ Denison, Nuclear War, ed. Fox and Groarke, p. 156-7)
To be sure, Fox sees the need for our undergoing “certain fundamental changes
AND
will ultimate violence be removed as the final arbiter of our planet’s fate.
The judge must evaluate the consequences of the plan – ignoring the implications allows infinite violence
Williams 2005 (Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales—Aberystwyth, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations, p. 174-176)

A commitment to an ethic of consequences reflects a deeper ethic of criticism, of
AND
— it is both a condition of, and imperative toward, responsibility.

Extinction first
Robin Attfield, Professor of Philosophy at Cardiff University, “The Ethics of the Global Environment”, Perdue University Press, 1999, pg 68

Nevertheless, as John Leslie has remarked, many philosophers write as if there were
AND
mandate extinction, unlike several of the theories which stand opposed to it.
There is no root cause to environmental destruction – assuming so prevents effective solutions to specific issues
Garrard 4 (Greg, PhD in Humanities and Cultural Industries @ Liverpool U, “Ecocriticism”, pp.
176-178, Questia) JPG
Much ecocriticism has taken for granted that its task is to overcome anthropocentrism, just
AND
. By such means the risk of fostering reactionary politics might be minimized. 

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1) We meet – our regs directly restrict production --- your violation evidence notes the GOAL of regulation, not the OBJECT of the regulation which is production:
NSPS and NESHAPR
GAO ‘12
Government Accountability Office http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-1012R, jj

GAO reviewed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) new rule on new source performance
AND
and (2) EPA complied with applicable requirements in promulgating the rule.

2) Counter-interp: a restriction on energy production is anything that makes it more difficult or expensive
LVM Institute 96, Ludwig Von Mises Institute Original Book by Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian Economist in 1940. Evidence is cut from fourth edition copyright Bettina B. Greaves, “Human Action” http://mises.org/pdf/humanaction/pdf/ha_29.pdf

Restriction of production means that the government either forbids or makes more difficult or more
AND
it is lower. It does not increase production; it curtails it.

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Qatar will sell to China instead
Bloomberg ‘11(25 July 2011, QatarGas to sell Petronas 1.5 mln tons LNG a year, http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Middle-East/2011/Jul-25/QatarGas-to-sell-Petronas-15-mln-tons-LNG-a-year.ashx#axzz1T88G1Avy, 0

Qatar Liquefied Gas Co., known as QatarGas, agreed to supply Malaysia’s state-
AND
million tons of LNG a year starting in 2014.

No influence – Bahrain, domestic troubles and Saudi will block.
Roberts, 3/13/2012 (Mar 13, David B., the Deputy Director of the Qatar office of the Royal United Services Institute for Security and Defence Studies (RUSI). As well as publishing widely and being regularly sought for expert commentary on a range of Gulf and regional concerns, David is currently completing his PhD focusing on Qatar’s security and foreign policy at Durham University in the UK. POMED: “The Arab World’s Unlikely Leader: Embracing Qatar’s Expanding Role in the Region,” http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/POMED-Policy-Brief_Roberts.pdf)

Against a backdrop of political upheaval and unrest throughout the Middle East, Qatar has
AND
in which Saudi Arabia’s policies prevented Qatar from playing a more active role.

Qatar influence impossible – seen as too close to the U.S. and overly ambitious
Economist, 2011 (Nov 5th, “Pygmy with the punch of a giant,” http://www.economist.com/node/21536659)

"While cheerleading the Arab spring, Qatar has interposed itself, with mixed diplomatic
AND
that the emirate is promoting not popular revolution but a fundamentalist power grab."

Qatar is diversifying its economy – it is preparing for a post-gas future
Platt, 8 (Gordon, Global Finance Magazine, “Qatar; Shifting Gears,” July/August 2008, p. 30, Lexis-Nexis Academic)  

Qatar, a peninsular country extending into the Gulf from the east coast of Saudi
AND
and Technology Park.

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
EIA process guts solvency and investor confidence - causes delays, lawsuits, and stops projects
Bhatia and Wernham 8 (Rajiv, MD, MPH, Director of Occupational and Environmental Health for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, and Aaron, M.D., director of the Health Impact Project, “Integrating human health into environmental impact assessment: an unrealized opportunity for environmental health and justice”, Environ Health Perspect 116:991–1000)

Despite over three decades of practice, some criticize the process of EIA as a
AND
process, and d) a more integrated consideration of biophysical and social impacts 

The judge must evaluate the consequences of the plan – ignoring the implications allows infinite violence
Williams 2005 (Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales—Aberystwyth, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations, p. 174-176)

A commitment to an ethic of consequences reflects a deeper ethic of criticism, of
AND
— it is both a condition of, and imperative toward, responsibility.
6. CP causes YEARS of delay
Greenwire 2009 (3/24, http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2009/03/24/2)

If the economy flounders despite the massive stimulus package, don't blame the federal law
AND
strong leadership from agency chiefs and increased resources and personnel to do reviews.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Gonzaga | Judge: Duffy, Arnett, Whitmore

Contention 1 is Fracking

Fracking is inevitable --- it’s just a question of who regulates
Skorton, 9/24/12 (David, president of Cornell University, also holds faculty appointments at Weill Cornell Medical College and the College of Engineering. Lifetime member of the council on foreign relationsand Glenn Altschuler,  Cornell's Vice President for University Relations
We have spent our adult lives in higher education and write about it.Forbes: “Fracking: A Role for Universities,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/collegeprose/2012/09/24/fracking-a-role-for-universities/)

Last month in a …make sure we get it right.

This has historically been the role of the States – best empirical models shows they have been extremely effective
Entine, 5/15/12 (Jon, Senior Fellow at the Center for Health and Risk Communication and at STATS at George Mason University, Forbes, “Fracking Safety Improves Dramatically, Says Independent Study” http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/05/15/fracking-safety-improves-dramatically-says-independent-study/, ts)

A team of researchers … risks continue to diminish year after year,” Considine added.

Thus, the Plan
The United States federal government should remove the Environmental Protection Agency’s New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Reviews for natural gas production.

Advantage 1 is Methane
New federal emission regulations on fracking issued by the EPA – these will be insufficient to solve  
Groeger 12 Lena Groeger, Alternet, previously worked at Scientific American, where she wrote about topics in science and health. Prior to that she was at Wired, where she designed infographics and reported on technology and national security, April 19th 2012, http://www.alternet.org/story/155062/epa's_first_fracking_rules_seen_as_limited_and_delayed?akid=8636.1080031.EzL73_andrd=1andt=13andpaging=off

The Environmental Protection Agency …. to $19 million a year selling the captured gas.

The new EPA rules are comparatively worse than state regulations --- they encourage companies to use outdated technology which increases methane emissions and causes runaway warming – No federal regulations will encourage States modeling resulting in a race-to-the-top
Peshek and Millican ‘12
Adam Peshek, Research Associate Reason Foundation, Robin Millican, Policy Associate Institute for Energy Research, 2-28-12, Reason Foundation, Letter to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Administrator Lisa Jackson, http://reason.org/files/oil_and_gas_nsps_and_neshap_comment.pdf, jj

1) Cost-Benefit Analysis Has Flawed Assumptions _{,… adopt that may differ from practices recommended by experts.
EPA regulations will be a ceiling that locks-in current regulations and crowds out state race-to-the-top – Prefer our evidence – it uses empirical models
Adler 06 – Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Co-Director, Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, “WHEN IS TWO A CROWD? THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL ACTION ON STATE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION”, Harvard Environmental Law Review, May 1st 2006, http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/elr/vol31_1/adler.pdf}

Just as federal action may indirectly …however, this is a questionable assumption. 

This is uniquely the case with fracking regulations
Wyoming brought together geologists, engineers, industry, landowners, citizens, environmental groups and policymakers to develop reg’s
Fed = duplicative, adds cost and time delays
Ceiling – disincentivizes state action
States can address problems more efficiently and quickly
Fed regs deter investment
Not consistent – doesn’t apply to state or private lands
Mead, 9/17/12 (Matthew, Matt Mead was elected last November and sworn in as Wyoming's 32nd governor on January 3, 2011. Born in Jackson, Wyoming, Governor Mead was raised on the family ranch in Teton County. He has a BA degree from Trinity University in San Antonio and a law degree from the University of Wyoming. After law school, the Governor served as a county and federal prosecutor, practiced in a private firm in Cheyenne with now-Attorney General Greg Phillips, and served as United States Attorney for Wyoming from October 2001 to June 2007. After he stepped down as U. S. Attorney, Matt and his wife Carol, the First Lady, returned fulltime to operating their farming and ranching business in southeast Wyoming. Matt and Carol have been married 20 years, with Cheyenne as their home. They have two children, Mary and Pete, who attend Cheyenne public schools. The Washington Times: “MEAD: Hydro-fracking regulations should be left to states” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/17/hydro-fracking-regulations-should-be-left-to-state/

States’ rights come with states’…by leaving fracturing rules to the state.

Methane emissions cause extinction --- CO2 defense doesn’t apply
Heinberg 4 (Richard, Award-Winning Author and Core Faculty Member of New College of California, “Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World,” pp.122-4)

Methane hydrates represent an even larger…similarly stark awakening.

Methane outweighs Co2 and gas leaks are key
Leahy, 1/24/12 (Stephen, lead international science and environment correspondent at IPS, where he writes about climate change, energy, water, biodiversity, development and native peoples. Based in Uxbridge, Canada, near Toronto, Steve has covered environmental issues for nearly two decades for publications around the world. He is a professional member of the International Federation of Journalists, the Society of Environmental Journalists and the International League of Conservation Writers. He also pioneered Community Supported Environmental Journalism to ensure important environmental issues continue to be covered.
IPS: “Shale Gas a Bridge to More Global Warming,” http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/01/shale-gas-a-bridge-to-more-global-warming/

However, those climate gains are…major tipping point,” he told IPS.

States key to methane capture
Worldwatch Institute, An independent research organization based in Washington, D.C. that works on energy, resource, and environmental issues, “Despite Methane Emissions Upstream, Natural Gas Is Cleaner than Coal on a Life-Cycle Basis”, Updated Feb 4th 2013, http://www.worldwatch.org/despite-methane-emissions-upstream-natural-gas-cleaner-coal-life-cycle-basis

Washington, D.C.-Over its full cycle of production, distribution,…greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas.

Ineffective regulation causes the collapse of the fracking industry in the long term --- dooms production
Walsh, 12 (Time: “Why the Shale Gas Industry Needs Regulations for Fracking” By Bryan Walsh, I'm a senior writer for TIME magazine, covering energy and the environment—and also, occasionally, scary diseases. Previously I was the Tokyo bureau chief for TIME, and reported from Hong Kong on health, the environment and the arts. I live in Brooklyn. May 30, 2012 http://science.time.com/2012/05/30/why-the-shale-gas-industry-needs-regulations-for-fracking/#ixzz2KzbIgSBc

You’ll rarely find a business in America—…and regulatory regimes are in place.

Natural gas revitalizes every industry --- including chemicals
Steve Stackhouse, writer for Area Development, MA in Journalism, “New Natural Gas Technologies Firing Up Manufacturing”, Fall 2012, http://www.areadevelopment.com/EnergyEnvironment/Fall2012/natural-gas-technologies~-~-fuel-economic-boom-2223461.shtml

The economic boom fueled by new …to a resurgence of manufacturing.”

A competitive chemical industry is key to sustainability, and solves extinction
ICCA 2 – ICCA (International Council of Chemical Associations), June 20, 2002, “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY,” online: http://www.cefic.be/position/icca/pp_ic010.htm
Sustainability in economic terms …requisite of sustainable job creation.

New Advantage

India will inevitably exploit shale gas
Bhandari 1/24/13 – Divita Bhandari is a first year MEM candidate at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. She hails from Hyderabad, India and is interested in Energy and Environmental Policy. She is part of CBEY’s Shale Gas Research Team. 1-24-13, Yale – Center for Business and Environment, Is Shale Gas the Answer to India’s Energy Challenges?, http://cbey.yale.edu/news/206/154/Is-Shale-Gas-the-Answer-to-India-s-Energy-Challenges, jj

However, there is no doubt … addresses these unique challenges.

The US determines the effectiveness of regulations in other countries
Liu and Turner ’11 – Kexin Liu was a research intern at CEF in the summer of 2009 and again in the summer and fall of 2010. He is currently working with Clean Air Task Force. He graduated with a Master's Degree in Public Policy from University of Michigan in 2010. He can be reached at: kexinliu84@gmail.com. Jennifer Turner has been director of the China Environment Forum for the past 11 years. She can be reached at Jennifer.turner@wilsoncenter.org. April 2011, Wilson Center, Shale We Dance? Exploring a New Area of U.S.-China Energy Collaboration, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/shale-we-dance-exploring-new-area-us-china-energy-collaboration, jj

MIND THE GAPS As the leader …pipelines and other infrastructure rapidly.

India will model US practices --- effective regulation prevents accidents that shut down production --- the impact is India’s economy and energy security
Maplecroft ’11 – Maplecroft's growing, international team of 75 multidisciplinary experts includes over 50 research analysts. All researchers hold masters or PhD qualifications from the world's leading academic institutions and each is a specialist in their field. Expertise encompasses regional and sectoral risk analysis, as well as political, economic, social and environmental risk issues, including human rights and climate change. Maplecroft's risk intelligence, including its unique interactive mapping platform, is delivered through innovative technology developed in-house by a large team of software engineers, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) experts, web and graphic designers. 9/26, Financial Times, India plans for shale gas development - weak governance and environmental impacts a key concern, http://tilt.ft.com/#!posts/2011-09/31101/india-plans-shale-gas-development-weak-governance-environmental-impacts-key-concern, jj

India is set to benefit from …and well-regulated drilling practices.

Causes Indo/Pak nuclear war --- goes global
Bouton 10 (Marshall M., President – Chicago Council on Global Affairs, “America’s Interests in India”, CNAS Working Paper, October, http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_USInterestsinIndia_ Bouton.pdf)

In South Asia, the most immediately compelling …for unchecked interstate and civil conflict.

Indo Pak war outweighs --- causes extinction
Robock and Toon ‘09 Alan and Owen Brian, “Local Nuclear War, Global Suffering”, Scientific American, http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSciAmJan2010.pdf
*we don’t endorse ableist language

 Twenty-five years ago international teams of …countries far away from the conflict.

Natural gas is key to Indian energy security
Kaustav Mukherjee and Rahool Panandiker, 8-22-12, Boston Consulting Group, Natural Gas: The Achilles’ Heel of India’s Energy Security, https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/energy_environment_natural_gas/, jj

Natural Gas: The Achilles’ … longer-term economic-growth prospects.

Energy security is key to India’s great power aspirations
Pant and Super ’13 – harsh v. pant is a Reader in International Relations at King’s College London in the Department of Defence Studies. He is also an Adjunct Fellow with the Wadhwani Chair in U.S.-India Policy Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. His current research is focused on Asian security issues and his recent books include The U.S.India Nuclear Pact: Policy, Process, and Great Power Politics (2011) and The Rise of China: Implications for India (2012). Dr. Pant can be reached at harsh.pant@kcl.ac.uk. julie m. super is a master’s candidate in the War Studies Department of King’s College London and is presently working in Washington, D.C. She completed her BA in History at Truman State University in 2009 and can be reached at julie.super@kcl.ac.uk. asia policy, number 15 (january 2013), 69–88 Balancing Rivals: India’s Tightrope between Iran and the United States, jj

Energy security—that is, the ability … keeping all options on the table.

Successful rise of India checks multiple existential threats
KAMDAR 2007 (Mira Kamdar, World Policy Institute, 2007, Planet India: How the fastest growing democracy is transforming America and the world, p. 3-5)
No other country matters … is truly the venture of the century.

Contention 2 – Solvency

Plan causes state regulators to fill in – solves better
Willie ‘12
Matt Willie, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1743, Hydraulic Fracturing and "Spotty" Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling, Lexis, jj

What is conspicuously missing ….half a century." n161

States solve the multiple warrants for why federal regulations are insufficient
Fed is unconcerned with production benefits --- states better able to forge agreement between environmental groups while working with production companies. Also better able to respond to emerging situations. Uncertainity about fed reg’s already slowing down fracking on federal lands – dropped 14% in past two years.
Maddox, 12/1/12 (Mark, has held a variety of senior strategic policy, communications, and political positions during his 25-year career, and currently serves as the Senior Vice President of Government Affairs for Arcadian Networks, where he serves as chief strategist on government policy and as a member of the executive team. He is currently a member of the Gridwise Alliance Board of Directors.¶ Previously, he served as Assistant Secretary (acting) and head of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fossil Energy program from 2004 to 2006. ¶ Maddox oversaw the development of many of the critical technologies that will be essential to controlling future green house gas emissions. He also managed a $750 million budget, and high profile initiatives including the FutureGen Zero Emissions Power Plant, He also served as a Senior Policy Advisor to the Secretary on fossil energy, environmental management, and budget issues. ¶ Additionally, Maddox worked in the Government and Public Affairs offices at Lockheed Martin as a director for the Integrated Management Systems division, Maddox received a Masters of Business Administration from George Washington University and earned an undergraduate degree from Bowling Green State University, OH. ¶ the Washington Examiner: “Let the States Regulate the Natural Gas Boom,” http://americanactionnetwork.org/topic/let-states-regulate-natural-gas-boom, ts)

One example in the 2012 presidential election …what the federal government cannot.

Race-to-the-bottom doesn’t apply to state fracking regulations
The states can’t race to the bottom --- there necessarily has to be different regs in different states ---the gas cant move
Spence ‘12
David B. Spence, Prof. of Law, Politics and Regulation, University of Texas at Austin, Northwestern Law School's Searle Center Conference, Federalism, Regulatory Lags, and Energy Production,
http://www.law.northwestern.edu/searlecenter/papers/Spence_Federalism_Energy_3-4.pdf, jj

Decisions governing shale gas regulation are …fracturing is not a persuasive one.

State regs are qualitatively better
Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Co-Director, Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, “WHEN IS TWO A CROWD? THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL ACTION ON STATE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION”, Harvard Environmental Law Review, May 1st 2006, http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/elr/vol31_1/adler.pdf

Up until this point, this Article has discussed environmental …than in their degree of stringency. 

State regulations are better for the environment
Willie ‘12
Matt Willie, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1743, Hydraulic Fracturing and "Spotty" Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling, Lexis, jj

B. Federal v. State: Why "Spotty" Regulation is Better Regulation …few problems for six decades. 

No renewables tradeoff
Channell, et al, 9/12/12 (Jason, Director, Citi Investment Research and Analysis, previously: Executive Director at Goldman Sachs¶ Executive Director at Cheuvreux¶ Executive Director at ABN AMRO Hoare Govett¶ Analyst at Fidelity Investments, timothy lam, Vice President, Utilities and Alternative Energy, Citi Research, HK-based research analyst covering the utilities, solar and alternative energysectors, and Shahriar Pourreza - Advisor at Citigroup Global Markets Inc, CitiResearch: “Shale and renewables: a symbiotic relationship,” https://ir.citi.com/586mD%2BJRxPXd2OOZC6jt0ZhijqcxXiPTw4Ha0Q9dAjUW0gFnCIUTTA%3D%3D, ts)

This analysis assumes that renewables and natural gas …of renewable sources like wind and solar. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Observation 1 – The Status Quo 

Fracking is inevitable --- Only a question of who regulates
Skorton, 9/24/12 (David, president of Cornell University, also holds faculty appointments at Weill Cornell Medical College and the College of Engineering. Lifetime member of the council on foreign relationsand Glenn Altschuler, Cornell's Vice President for University Relations¶ We have spent our adult lives in higher education and write about it.Forbes: “Fracking: A Role for Universities,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/collegeprose/2012/09/24/fracking-a-role-for-universities/)

Last month in a Washington Post column New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, founder
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government and industry, universities can help make sure we get it right.

This has historically been the role of the States – best empirical models shows they have been extremely effective
Entine, 5/15/12 (Jon, Senior Fellow at the Center for Health and Risk Communication and at STATS at George Mason University, Forbes, “Fracking Safety Improves Dramatically, Says Independent Study” http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/05/15/fracking-safety-improves-dramatically-says-independent-study/, ts)

A team of researchers from UB, University of Wyoming and Penn State University examined
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, and the risks continue to diminish year after year,” Considine added.
Observation 2 – Federal Crowd-Out 

New federal emission regulations on fracking issued by the EPA – these will be insufficient to solve  
Groeger 12 Lena Groeger, Alternet, previously worked at Scientific American, where she wrote about topics in science and health. Prior to that she was at Wired, where she designed infographics and reported on technology and national security, April 19th 2012, http://www.alternet.org/story/155062/epa's_first_fracking_rules_seen_as_limited_and_delayed?akid=8636.1080031.EzL73_andrd=1andt=13andpaging=off

The Environmental Protection Agency issued the first-ever national air pollution regulations for fracking
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actually make up to $19 million a year selling the captured gas.

The new EPA rules encourage companies to use outdated technology which increases methane emissions and causes runaway warming
Peshek and Millican ‘12
Adam Peshek, Research Associate Reason Foundation, Robin Millican, Policy Associate Institute for Energy Research, 2-28-12, Reason Foundation, Letter to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Administrator Lisa Jackson, http://reason.org/files/oil_and_gas_nsps_and_neshap_comment.pdf, jj

1) Cost-Benefit Analysis Has Flawed Assumptions EPA estimates the total annualized engineering
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behaviors for industry to adopt that may differ from practices recommended by experts.
EPA regulations will be a ceiling that locks-in current regulations and crowds out state race-to-the-top – Prefer our evidence – it uses empirical models
Adler 06 – Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Co-Director, Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, “WHEN IS TWO A CROWD? THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL ACTION ON STATE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION”, Harvard Environmental Law Review, May 1st 2006, http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/elr/vol31_1/adler.pdf

Just as federal action may indirectly encourage greater state regulatory activity, federal action may
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programs are reviewed and expanded, however, this is a questionable assumption. 

This is uniquely the case with fracking regulations
Wyoming brought together geologists, engineers, industry, landowners, citizens, environmental groups and policymakers to develop reg’s
Fed = duplicative, adds cost and time delays
Ceiling – disincentivizes state action
States can address problems more efficiently and quickly
Fed regs deter investment
Not consistent – doesn’t apply to state or private lands
Mead, 9/17/12 (Matthew, Matt Mead was elected last November and sworn in as Wyoming's 32nd governor on January 3, 2011. Born in Jackson, Wyoming, Governor Mead was raised on the family ranch in Teton County. He has a BA degree from Trinity University in San Antonio and a law degree from the University of Wyoming. After law school, the Governor served as a county and federal prosecutor, practiced in a private firm in Cheyenne with now-Attorney General Greg Phillips, and served as United States Attorney for Wyoming from October 2001 to June 2007. After he stepped down as U. S. Attorney, Matt and his wife Carol, the First Lady, returned fulltime to operating their farming and ranching business in southeast Wyoming. Matt and Carol have been married 20 years, with Cheyenne as their home. They have two children, Mary and Pete, who attend Cheyenne public schools. The Washington Times: “MEAD: Hydro-fracking regulations should be left to states” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/17/hydro-fracking-regulations-should-be-left-to-state/

States’ rights come with states’ responsibilities. Wyoming time and again has proved it can
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its commitment to sound state regulation by leaving fracturing rules to the state.

Methane emissions cause extinction --- CO2 defense doesn’t apply
Heinberg 4 (Richard, Award-Winning Author and Core Faculty Member of New College of California, “Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World,” pp.122-4)

Methane hydrates represent an even larger store of hydrocarbons in Earth’s crust; however,
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methane hydrate extraction, humankind might find itself facing another similarly stark awakening.

Methane outweighs Co2 and gas leaks are key
Leahy, 1/24/12 (Stephen, lead international science and environment
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Community Supported Environmental Journalism to ensure important environmental issues continue to be covered.
IPS: “Shale Gas a Bridge to More Global Warming,” http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/01/shale-gas-a-bridge-to-more-global-warming/

However, those climate gains are more than negated by methane leaks both at the
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the entire climate system past a major tipping point,” he told IPS.

Observation 3 – Federalism

Current environmental regulations follow a “cooperative federalism” model – but in reality these regs are federal coercion of State sovereignty
Jonathan H. Adler, “JUDICIAL FEDERALISM AND THE FUTURE OF FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION”, April 19th 2004, http://www.endangeredlaws.org/pdf/adlerfederalism.pdf

Under several of the aforementioned environmental statutes, the federal government asserted broad authority to
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to federalism concerns, this may have a particular effect on environmental regulation.

The Clean Air Act is the prime example - The Federal Government justifies conditional spending grants in the Clean Air Act by using the Dole V South Dakota precedent – Using this justification uniquely moots all levels of federalism
Jonathan H. Adler, 6 George Mason Law Review 573, “THE GREEN ASPECTS OF PRINTZ: 1
THE REVIVAL OF FEDERALISM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAW”, Spring 1998

For cooperative federalism to be constitutional, it must be truly cooperative. The federal
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, few lower courts have been willing to do so. 347

The NSPS was created out of this overreach
Amy L. Stein, Associate Professor, Tulane University School of Law, “Article: The Tipping Point of Federalism”,  45 Conn. L. Rev. 217, November, 2012

The second outlet for federal influence over the type of power generated is EPA's recent
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applications to construct new coal or oil power plants within their state borders.

The NSPS is enforced as part of the Clean Air Act
Wright ’12 – Walter G. Wright, Jr., Member, Bar Admissions: Arkansas, B.S., University of Arkansas, 1980, J.D., University of Arkansas, 1983, LL.M., The National Law Center, George Washington University, 1985. Admitted to practice in Arkansas, 1983, Co-defense counsel in hazardous waste and Superfund sites before state agencies, EPA, and in state and federal court. Counsel to applicants for hazardous waste, water and landfarming permits. Lead counsel in water pollution disputes before state and federal agencies. Advising purchasers and sellers of improved real property regarding environmental and auditing issues. Advising various businesses and trade associations regarding commercial, antitrust, environmental and trade regulation matters. Serving as counsel to the Arkansas Oil Marketers Association and Arkansas Recyclers Association. Drafting various legislative and regulatory initiatives. Served as staff attorney, House Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, United States Congress. Served as Assistant General Counsel, Petroleum Marketers Association of America, Washington, D.C. Environmental Practice Group Chair, Selected by in-state members of the Arkansas Bar Association as the best environmental attorney in the state, Arkansas Times poll, 1995; University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law School, Adjunct Professor since 1986; Speaker at various continuing professional education seminars on environmental and real estate law at state and national levels; Author of several articles in various trade association and legal publications; Environmental Law Committee of the Arkansas Bar Association, Member. 8-17-12, Mitchell Williams Law, Environmental, Energy, and Water Blog, ENERGY: EPA FINALIZES CLEAN AIR ACT NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS AND NESHAPS FOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS SECTOR, http://www.mitchellwilliamslaw.com/energy-epa-finalizes-clean-air-act-new-source-performance-standards-and-neshaps-for-oil-and-natural-gas-sector-2, jj

The federal Environmental Protection ….. Available Control Technology.

Cooperative environmental federalism bad – causes regulatory overlapping that crushes environmental oversight and accountability
Jonathan H. Adler, “Letting Fifty Flowers Bloom: Using Federalism to Spur Environmental Innovation”, Last date cited July 2003, http://law.case.edu/faculty/adler_jonathan/publications/letting_fifty_flowers_bloom.pdf

In a related fashion, decentralization will lead to greater accountability in environmental policy.
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all the while undermining the effectiveness of environmental regulations to achieve environmental goals.

This is specifically devastating to the fracking industry – leads to long-term shutdown
Walsh, 12 (Time: “Why the Shale Gas Industry Needs Regulations for Fracking” By Bryan Walsh, I'm a senior writer for TIME magazine, covering energy and the environment—and also, occasionally, scary diseases. Previously I was the Tokyo bureau chief for TIME, and reported from Hong Kong on health, the environment and the arts. I live in Brooklyn. May 30, 2012 http://science.time.com/2012/05/30/why-the-shale-gas-industry-needs-regulations-for-fracking/#ixzz2KzbIgSBc

You’ll rarely find a business in America—and especially one in the fossil-
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governments must ensure that appropriate policies and regulatory regimes are in place.

Natural gas revitalizes every industry --- including chemicals
Steve Stackhouse, writer for Area Development, MA in Journalism, “New Natural Gas Technologies Firing Up Manufacturing”, Fall 2012, http://www.areadevelopment.com/EnergyEnvironment/Fall2012/natural-gas-technologies~-~-fuel-economic-boom-2223461.shtml

The economic boom fueled by new natural gas drilling technologies has been stunning — some
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factor to a competitive environment that could lead to a resurgence of manufacturing.”

A competitive chemical industry is key to sustainability, and solves extinction
ICCA 2 – ICCA (International Council of Chemical Associations), June 20, 2002, “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY,” online: http://www.cefic.be/position/icca/pp_ic010.htm
Sustainability in economic terms means the efficient management of scarce resources as well as a
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keeping up international competitiveness as a pre-requisite of sustainable job creation.

And more broadly – Federalism good
Plan’s key to a division of labor that allows the US to effectively manage global security commitments
Nivola ’07 – Pietro S. Nivola, Vice ¶ President and Director ¶ of Governance Studies ¶ at The Brookings ¶ Institution. Issues in Governance Studies, July 2007, Rediscovering Federalism, http://mavdisk.mnsu.edu/parsnk/2011-12/Pol680-fall11/POL%20680%20readings/federalism-wk%202/07governance_nivola.pdf, jj

This paper stipulates that federalism can offer ¶ government a helpful division of labor.
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¶ 2005, it may render such tragedies harder to prevent or mitigate.

Effective engagement checks global nuclear war
Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth ’13 (Stephen, Associate Professor of Government at
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. 3 (Winter 2012/13), pp. 7–51)

A core premise of deep engagement is that it prevents the emergence of a far
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that of potential rivals is by many measures growing rather than shrinking. 85

Plan
The United States federal judiciary should rule that the Environmental Protection Agency’s New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Reviews on natural gas production are an unconstitutional expansion of the Commerce Clause and Spending Clause of the US constitution.

Observation 4 is Solvency

Courts can strike down natural gas regulations as an expansion of the Commerce Clause – This is key to reverse expanding federal jurisdiction in environmental regulations
Jonathan H. Adler, Associate Professor of Law and Associate Director. Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, 90 Iowa L. Rev. 377, January 2005

III. Judicial Federalism and Federal Environmental Regulation These fears have a reasonable foundation.
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by state actors, under Boerne such measures must be proportional and congruent.

 
The Courts can rule on Spending Clause grounds – This ruling is key to state sovereignty and environmental federalism
Jonathan H. Adler, Associate Professor of Law and Associate Director. Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, 90 Iowa L. Rev. 377, January 2005

B. State Sovereignty Whereas limits on Congress's enumerated powers constrain Congress's ability to regulate
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does the use of other monies to induce cooperation in an environmental program.

 
State regulations are specifically better for natural gas production
Willie ‘12
Matt Willie, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1743, Hydraulic Fracturing and "Spotty" Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling, Lexis, jj

What is conspicuously missing from many of these groups' arguments, however, is an
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keeps in place a system that has worked for half a century." n161

 
States solve the multiple warrants for why federal regulations are insufficient
Fed is unconcerned with production benefits --- states better able to forge agreement between environmental groups while working with production companies. Also better able to respond to emerging situations. Uncertainity about fed reg’s already slowing down fracking on federal lands – dropped 14% in past two years.
Maddox, 12/1/12 (Mark, has held a variety of senior strategic policy, communications, and political positions during his 25-year career, and currently serves as the Senior Vice President of Government Affairs for Arcadian Networks, where he serves as chief strategist on government policy and as a member of the executive team. He is currently a member of the Gridwise Alliance Board of Directors.¶ Previously, he served as Assistant Secretary (acting) and head of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fossil Energy program from 2004 to 2006. ¶ Maddox oversaw the development of many of the critical technologies that will be essential to controlling future green house gas emissions. He also managed a $750 million budget, and high profile initiatives including the FutureGen Zero Emissions Power Plant, He also served as a Senior Policy Advisor to the Secretary on fossil energy, environmental management, and budget issues. ¶ Additionally, Maddox worked in the Government and Public Affairs offices at Lockheed Martin as a director for the Integrated Management Systems division, Maddox received a Masters of Business Administration from George Washington University and earned an undergraduate degree from Bowling Green State University, OH. ¶ the Washington Examiner: “Let the States Regulate the Natural Gas Boom,” http://americanactionnetwork.org/topic/let-states-regulate-natural-gas-boom, ts)

One example in the 2012 presidential election was the shale gas critics justifying the Environmental
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of this debate and let individual states do what the federal government cannot.

Race-to-the-bottom doesn’t apply to state fracking regulations
The states can’t race to the bottom --- there necessarily has to be different regs in different states ---the gas cant move
Spence ‘12
David B. Spence, Prof. of Law, Politics and Regulation, University of Texas at Austin, Northwestern Law School's Searle Center Conference, Federalism, Regulatory Lags, and Energy Production,
http://www.law.northwestern.edu/searlecenter/papers/Spence_Federalism_Energy_3-4.pdf, jj

Decisions governing shale gas regulation are unlike the typical race to the bottom scenario,
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bottom rationale for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing is not a persuasive one.

State regs are qualitatively better
Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Co-Director, Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, “WHEN IS TWO A CROWD? THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL ACTION ON STATE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION”, Harvard Environmental Law Review, May 1st 2006, http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/elr/vol31_1/adler.pdf

Up until this point, this Article has discussed environmental protection in a two-
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programs that may differ more in kind than in their degree of stringency. 

State regulations are better for the environment
Willie ‘12
Matt Willie, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1743, Hydraulic Fracturing and "Spotty" Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling, Lexis, jj

B. Federal v. State: Why "Spotty" Regulation is Better Regulation
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-centric system that has worked with relatively few problems for six decades. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No court stripping
Gibson ’12 – James L. Gibson¶ Sidney W. Souers Professor of Government
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Texas Law School, March 29 – 30, 2012. ONLINE, jj
● Some threats to the legitimacy of the Supreme Court do exist. Some members
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such proposals by gadflies have any degree of support among the American people.

Congress won’t strip the Courts—bills to limit the Court’s jurisdiction don’t pass even when Congress is angry:  
Lawrence Baum, 2003 Department of Political Science, Ohio State University, June 2003
“The Supreme Court in American Politics,” http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085526;jsessionid=n1HzQqZJALRe, rwg
For Dahl, of course, the challenge stems partly from the sheer volume of
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response to its policies despite a long list of bills with that purpose. 

No impact to overpop
Hubbard, ’11 (Jeff, Director of New Media at the Institute for Energy Research and graduate of the University of Chicago with a Master of Arts in political philosophy, Malthus Lives on With Peak Oil Alarmists, 3/8, http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2011/03/08/malthus-lives-on-with-peak-oil-alarmists/, bgm)

The 18th century British scholar Thomas Malthus believed human population growth was unsustainable because he
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we produced 250% of our proved reserves over the last 30 years.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Perm do cp --- Reducing restrictions can mean not enforcing them
Berger 1 Justice Opinion, INDUSTRIAL RENTALS, INC., ISAAC BUDOVITCH and FLORENCE BUDOVITCH, Appellants Below, Appellants, v. NEW CASTLE COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT and NEW CASTLE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF LAND USE, Appellees Below, Appellees. No. 233, 2000SUPREME COURT OF DELAWARE776 A.2d 528; 2001 Del. LEXIS 300April 10, 2001, Submitted July 17, 2001, Decided lexis
We disagree.  Statutes must be read as a whole and all the words must
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deed restrictions requiring phasing to coincide with improvements to the transportation system. As

Those federal loopholes kill solvency
Schwartz ’06 – Joel Schwartz is a visiting fellow at AEI. July 01, 2006, American Enterprise Institute, Finding Better Ways to Achieve Cleaner Air, http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/finding-better-ways-to-achieve-cleaner-air/, jj

Mandates Prove Counterproductive¶ Key Clean Air Act requirements can even work in opposition to
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increment of pollution reduction in exchange for ever tinier health benefits in return.

Leaving federal regs in place causes duplication --- means they solve nothing
Stephanie Scott, 24 Villanova Environmental Law Journal 189, 2013 Villanova University School of Law J.D. Candidate, “COMMENT: WHO "SHALE" REGULATE THE FRACKING INDUSTRY?”, 2013

Currently, the incongruity of fracking laws, the redundancy of regulations, and the
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be definitively allocated and federal and state roles must be better defined. n172

Zero chance for neg uniqueness post Citizens United
Richard L. Hasen, professor of law and political science at the U.C. Irvine School of Law, “Money Grubbers”, Jan 21st 2010, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2010/01/money_grubbers.single.html

It is time for everyone to drop all the talk about the Roberts court's "
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court that has taken a giant leap toward deregulation of the electoral process.

2) The ACA ruling means the plan entirely follows precedent – they have zero link evidence post the ACA in the context of the CAA – we do
Lawrence Hurley, EandE reporter Greenwire: “Will Supreme Court's health care ruling imperil Clean Air Act?”, Friday, June 29, 2012, http://eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/06/29/1

Within hours of yesterday's monumental Supreme Court ruling upholding the 2010 health care reform law
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have no fear: oceans of ink will be spilled on this stuff."

3) There is zero link to the disad if we win the plan follows precedent
Gentithes, ’09 (Michael, Research Attorney, Illinois Appellate Court, First District; J.D. DePaul University College of Law 2008; B.A. Colgate University 2005., “IN DEFENSE OF STARE DECISIS,” WILLAMETTE LAW REVIEW, 45 Willamette L. Rev. 799, lexis, bgm)

The argument for a rule of stare decisis that frequently controls Supreme Court jurisprudence is
AND
being overruled, but also forward to the decision which may replace it.

4) Turn – Conservative Backlash:
A) Courts lack legitimacy from conservatives now – ACA ruling
The Week 2012 (“5 cringe-worthy GOP reactions to the ObamaCare Ruling”. June 29, 2012. http://theweek.com/article/index/230055/5-cringe-worthy-gop-reactions-to-the-obamacare-ruling
In upholding ObamaCare, the Supreme Court dropped a bombshell on the conservative movement,
AND
joked that he plans to spend his summer in an "impregnable fortress."

Supreme Court legitimacy is tied to ideology – The plan would boost the image of the Court for conservatives – Preserves legitimacy
Brandon L. Bartels is Assistant Professor of Political Science, George Washington University, Christopher D. Johnston is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Duke University, “On the Ideological Foundations of Supreme Court Legitimacy in the American Public”, American Journal of Political Science,Vol. 57, No. 1, January 2013, http://home.gwu.edu/~bartels/BartelsJohnstonAJPS.pdf
Our examination of the ideological foundations of Supreme Court legitimacy in the American public has
AND
the extent to which Supreme Court legitimacy rests on ideological and political foundations.

C) Only a risk of a link turn – Liberals always respect the legitimacy of the Courts even after a conservative ruling
Patrick J. Egan Assistant Professor of Politics and Public Policy New York University, Jack Citrin Heller Professor of Political Science University of California, Berkeley, “The Limits of Judicial Persuasion and the Fragility of Judicial Legitimacy”, July 2011, http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/4819/egancitrin.pdf

Our other main finding reveals an important difference in the ways liberals and conservatives view
AND
occupations toward identification as liberals and as Democrats (Manza and Brooks 1999). 

1ar
EPA will keep regulating
Binder, 2001 (Denis, Professor Binder's career teaching currently at Chapman U
AND
¶ Spring, 2001¶ 4 Chap. L. Rev. 147,
SPENDING CLAUSE SYMPOSIUM: The Spending Clause as a Positive Source of Environmental Protection: A Primer, LexisNexis)

The coercion theory was tested by the Ninth Circuit in Nevada v. Skinner,
AND
form of coercion than the direct, federal enactment of a flat mandate. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No pass – border security
Sink, 3/28/13 (Justin, staff writer for the Hill “Cantor: Comprehensive bill on immigration reform will be 'tall order'” The Hill, http://thehill.com/video/house/290773-cantor-i-think-we-can-come-to-some-agreement-on-immigration-reform)

House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va.) said Thursday he believed lawmakers
AND
things, I think we can come to some agreement," Cantor said. 

Pushing tons of stuff – gun, CIR, deficit, tax code, and Medicare
Bloomberg 3/28/2013 (Jay Berkowicz and Julie Lerer, “Stalled Obama Campaign Machine Restarted for New Agenda”. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-28/stalled-obama-campaign-machine-restarted-for-new-agenda.html) nagel
With the president facing the final opportunity to cement his legacy in his second term
AND
Medicare (USBOMDCA) that would influence the nation’s financial picture for decades. 

Obama will approve keystone – takes out the link
German, 3/13/13 (Ben, staff writer, The Hill, “Obama: Pipeline decision coming soon,” ¶ http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/287967-obama-tells-gop-that-keystone-pipeline-decision-coming-soon) 

President Obama told House Republicans that a decision on the Keystone XL oil sands pipeline
AND
got, but he did not say one way or the other specifically.”
Moniz thumps --- no environmentalist links – and fracking debates in congress now
Nelson, 3/26/13 (Robert H. is a professor of environmental policy in the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland and a senior fellow with The Independent Institute, Oakland, CA, Forbes: “Ernest Moniz And Fracking Drive Environmentalists Off Of The Rails,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/03/26/ernest-moniz-and-fracking-drive-environmentalists-off-of-the-rails/)

Many environmentalists are unhappy about President Barack Obama’s nomination of Ernest Moniz, a professor
AND
the health of families, then we should not drill for natural gas.”
No Link:
A) Courts shield
Rosenberg 91 (Gerald, professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, “Hollow Hope”, University of Chicago Press, p. 34-35)

Finally, court orders can simply provide a shield or cover for administrators fearful of
AND
or excuse for persons crucial to implementation who-are willing to act.

B) decision not announced right away
Ward 10 (Jake, “Bilski Decision Tomorrow (Thursday, June 17th)? Maybe?”, Anticipate This! (Patent and Trademark Law Blog), 6-17, http://anticipatethis.wordpress.com/2010/06/16/bilski-decision-tomorrow-thursday-june-17th-maybe/)
In mid-May until ….. to be decided. 

Obama loves fracking – no flip flop links
Politico, 2-12-13, “Obama to Congress in State of the Union: Act on climate or I will”
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/obama-to-congress-act-on-climate-or-i-will-87555_Page3.html

The president also outlined several other energy-related proposals Tuesday as part of his
AND
helps natural gas burn even cleaner and protects our air and our water.”

(  ) Fracking lobby shields Obama’s capital
Thill ‘11
Scott Thill runs the online mag Morphizm.com. His writing has appeared on Salon, XLR8R, All Music Guide, Wired and others. 12-16-11, Alter Net, The Fracking Industry Has Bought Off Congress: Here Are the Worst Offenders http://www.alternet.org/story/153467/the_fracking_industry_has_bought_off_congress%3A_here_are_the_worst_offenders?paging=off, jj

Environmentalists and other well-adjusted citizens of Earth, I've got some good news
AND
continued to beat the lonely regulation drum after the EPA's report on Wyoming. 

(  ) Plan’s popular with the GOP and spun as job creation
Bluey ‘12
Rob Bluey is a journalist and blogger who leads The Heritage Foundation's investigative reporting unit.
6-21-12, Heritage, North Dakota’s Oil Boom in Pictures http://blog.heritage.org/2012/06/21/north-dakotas-oil-boom-in-pictures/, jj

The combination of energy production and job creation is potent force. It’s one reason
AND
— a state that Heritage and the Institute for Energy Research recently visited.

House GOP k2 CIR
Altman, 3/20/13 (Alex, Alex Altman is a Washington correspondent for TIME. He previously worked as a writer and editor for TIME's Briefing section. A native of New York City, he has degrees from Colgate University and Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism. Time, “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform,” http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/

 Problem #3: House Republicans¶ Even if Senate negotiators can come up
AND
in Congress that this is not going to get them the Hispanic vote.”¶ 

 (  ) Current political climate makes plan a win
Laurance Geri and David McNabb 2011, Laurance (Larry) Geri is a member of the faculty of The Evergreen State College, where he teaches in the Masters Program in Public Administration; David E. McNabb is business administration professor emeritus at Pacific Lutheran University and currently a member of the adjunct faculty of Olympic College; Energy Policy in the U.S.: Politics, Challenges, and Prospects for Change, electronic copy of book, KEL)

A new approach to energy politics was evident in President Obama’s 2011 State of the
AND
¶ winning formula at a time of slow growth and high geopolitical tension.

Immigration will pass without Obama PC – he is toxic to the debate
Chris Stirewalt is digital politics editor for Fox News, “Will Obama Blow Up Immigration Deal?”, Jan 28th 2013, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/01/28/will-obama-blow-up-immigration-deal/#ixzz2JnY0chGl

A group of four Republican senators including two moderates, John McCain and Lindsey Graham
AND
to briefly wince at the concessions he is making before signing a law?

(  ) Issues are compartmentalized – no reason the plan will change peoples’ votes on a separate bill. And, PC irrelevant to the agenda
Silver, 1/26/11 – political statistician and all-around baller (Nate. “Obama’s paradox of choice.” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/26/obamas-paradox-of-choice/)

Now, however, the stakes are probably much lower for him. With Democrats
AND
become easier in one regard: he has far fewer choices to make.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No retaliation
Gibson ’12 – James L. Gibson¶ Sidney W. Souers Professor of Government
AND
Texas Law School, March 29 – 30, 2012. ONLINE, jj

At the same time, Pildes also observes, “Though the decision has been
AND
provide a clue as to why the Court’s legitimacy is currently so stable.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge:
2AC

1) We meet – SQ is a restriction
Washington Times 12 4-23, EDITORIAL: More fracking red tape http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/apr/23/more-fracking-red-tape/, jj

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Wednesday finalized 588 pages of new restrictions
AND
up with Obama’s law will have a chance to repeal it in November.

2) Regulations key to aff ground.  Key to fossil fuel affs and answering the States CP 

3) Counter-interpretation:
A) Restrictions are conditions on actions
Plummer 29 J., Court Justice, MAX ZLOZOWER, Respondent, v. SAM LINDENBAUM et al., Appellants Civ. No. 3724COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT100 Cal. App. 766; 281 P. 102; 1929 Cal. App. LEXIS 404September 26, 1929, Decided, lexis

The word "restriction," when used in connection with the grant of interest in
AND
a particular event, or the performance or nonperformance of a particular act.

B) They must make the production more difficult or expensive
LVM Institute 96 – Ludwig Von Mises Institute Original Book by Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian Economist in 1940. Evidence is cut from fourth edition copyright Bettina B. Greaves, “Human Action” http://mises.org/pdf/humanaction/pdf/ha_29.pdf

Restriction of production means that the government either forbids or makes more difficult or more
AND
it is lower. It does not increase production; it curtails it.

C) “On” means directly targeted
World English Dictionary 2009 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/on?s=t)

— prep 1. in contact or connection with the surface of; at the
AND
performed upon or relayed through the medium of: what's on the television? 

D) Production is extraction
GDF SUEZ, 2011 global gas and lng division (GDS SUEZ, Global Gas %26 LNG Division, "Exploration and production of natural gas," http://www.gdfsuez.com/en/businesses/gas/natural-gas-prospection-production)

Exploration is the first stage of the gas chain. At the core of this
AND
) from the authorities of the countries in which those fields are located.

Counter interp – reduce means to limit
Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/reduce, jj

reduce - narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners" tighten confine, limit, throttle, trammel, restrain, restrict, bound - place limits on (extent or access); "restrict the use of this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with your friends"

We meet: limiting future regulations is a reduction
Business Journal, Jan 11th 2012, http://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/morning_roundup/2012/01/johnson-backs-bills-to-limit-federal.html

U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson has written bills to limit government spending by placing a moratorium on all federal regulations until employment improves and reducing the federal government work force. The two bills are part of Johnson's broader effort to improve the economy.

No unique abuse --- there is lit on the regs, and it’s predictable 

4) Prefer our interpretation – We are the middle ground – you can read coal and gas affs but the restrictions have to be tied to production – solves their limits arg

5) Also only we define “restrictions on production” contextually – key to predictability and topic education
Davies 30 (Major George, “CLAUSE 1.—(Scheme regulating production, supply and sale of coal.),” February, vol 235 cc2453-558, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1930/feb/27/clause-1-scheme-regulating-production)

Major GEORGE DAVIES The hon. Member says he has heard no reason advanced for
AND
has been uncontrolled, production thrown on markets not able to receive it.

6) Prefer reasonability – if there is no ground loss an interpretation that expands aff ground should be preferred 

1AR

And The Journal of Environmental Law agrees
Orford 12 – Adam D. Orford, J.D. from Columbia University School of Law, editor in chief of the Columbia Journal of Environmental Law,  May 29th, 2012, "EPA To Regulate Air Emissions from Hydraulic Fracturing As Industry Comes Under Scrutiny" www.martenlaw.com/newsletter/20120529-air-emissions-from-hydraulic-fracturing

EPA’s new rules phase out 40 C.F.R Part 60, subparts
AND
green completion rule, and summarizes the more significant new fugitive emissions controls.
So does The Institute for Energy Research
Murphy 11 Robert Murphy, 2-9-11, Institute for Energy Research, EPA Will Destroy Jobs, Not Create Them, http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/2011/02/09/epa-will-destroy-jobs-not-create-them/, jj

If proponents of the EPA’s new regulations want to admit that they will hurt the
AND
great starting point would be to lift arbitrary restrictions on domestic energy production.

No OCS restrictions
Kathleen Gramp and Jeff LaFave, CBO Budget Analysis Division, August 2012, http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/08-09-12_Oil-and-Gas_Leasing.pdf

Other than the temporary ban on leasing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, there
AND
unless a future Administration chooses to restart the process before that plan expires.

Regulations can be restrictions
Martin Borowski, Faculty at Birmingham Law School, Vice-President of the British Section of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 2003 “Religious Freedom as a Fundamental Human Right, a Rawlsian Perspective” in Pluralism and Law, Conference Proceedings” p. 58

Despite the problems that arise in distinguishing restrictions and regulations, noted above, one
AND
has to be justified. The distinction between restrictions and regulations is expendable.

Context is key
Haneman 59 J.A.D. is a justice of the Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division. “Russell S. Bertrand et al. v. Donald T. Jones et al.,” 58 NJ Super. 273; 156 A.2d 161; 1959 N.J. Super, Lexis

HN4 In ascertaining the meaning of the word "restrictions" as here employed,
AND
be construed as being used in the same limited fashion as "zoning."

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge: 

2AC

No pass – border security
Sink, 3/28/13 (Justin, staff writer for the Hill “Cantor: Comprehensive bill on immigration reform will be 'tall order'” The Hill, http://thehill.com/video/house/290773-cantor-i-think-we-can-come-to-some-agreement-on-immigration-reform)

House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va.) said Thursday he believed lawmakers
AND
things, I think we can come to some agreement," Cantor said. 

No Link:
A) Courts shield
Rosenberg 91 (Gerald, professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, “Hollow Hope”, University of Chicago Press, p. 34-35)

Finally, court orders can simply provide a shield or cover for administrators fearful of
AND
or excuse for persons crucial to implementation who-are willing to act.

B) decision not announced right away --- that was above
or read it here
Ward 10 (Jake, “Bilski Decision Tomorrow (Thursday, June 17th)? Maybe?”, Anticipate This! (Patent and Trademark Law Blog), 6-17, http://anticipatethis.wordpress.com/2010/06/16/bilski-decision-tomorrow-thursday-june-17th-maybe/)
In mid-May until the end of June, the Supreme Court of the
AND
, which was argued in November 2009, has yet to be decided. 

C) No coal backlash – They would support the precedent since it would spill over to invalidate the Clean Air Act – That’s Adler
Sebor and Holloway 3/25/2013 (Stephanie and Jay, Council at Winston and Strawn LLP. “EPA under pressure to revise GHG NSPS as transitional coal units cancel projects”. ACC – American Corporate Council. http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=46bc8414-46e0-403f-ad1c-3e44b44969b0) nagel
Several of the 15 transitional coal units under EPA's proposed GHG NSPS for new EGUs
AND
and integrated gasification combined cycle technologies taking into account different types of coal.

Pushing tons of stuff – gun, CIR, deficit, tax code, and Medicare
Bloomberg 3/28/2013 (Jay Berkowicz and Julie Lerer, “Stalled Obama Campaign Machine Restarted for New Agenda”. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-28/stalled-obama-campaign-machine-restarted-for-new-agenda.html) nagel
With the president facing the final opportunity to cement his legacy in his second term
AND
Medicare (USBOMDCA) that would influence the nation’s financial picture for decades. 

Obama will approve keystone – takes out the link
German, 3/13/13 (Ben, staff writer, The Hill, “Obama: Pipeline decision coming soon,” ¶ http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/287967-obama-tells-gop-that-keystone-pipeline-decision-coming-soon) 

President Obama told House Republicans that a decision on the Keystone XL oil sands pipeline
AND
got, but he did not say one way or the other specifically.”
Moniz thumps --- no environmentalist links – and fracking debates in congress now
Nelson, 3/26/13 (Robert H. is a professor of environmental policy in the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland and a senior fellow with The Independent Institute, Oakland, CA, Forbes: “Ernest Moniz And Fracking Drive Environmentalists Off Of The Rails,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/03/26/ernest-moniz-and-fracking-drive-environmentalists-off-of-the-rails/)

Many environmentalists are unhappy about President Barack Obama’s nomination of Ernest Moniz, a professor
AND
the health of families, then we should not drill for natural gas.”

Obama loves fracking – no flip flop links
Politico, 2-12-13, “Obama to Congress in State of the Union: Act on climate or I will”
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/obama-to-congress-act-on-climate-or-i-will-87555_Page3.html

The president also outlined several other energy-related proposals Tuesday as part of his
AND
helps natural gas burn even cleaner and protects our air and our water.”

(  ) Fracking lobby shields Obama’s capital
Thill ‘11
Scott Thill runs the online mag Morphizm.com. His writing has appeared on Salon, XLR8R, All Music Guide, Wired and others. 12-16-11, Alter Net, The Fracking Industry Has Bought Off Congress: Here Are the Worst Offenders http://www.alternet.org/story/153467/the_fracking_industry_has_bought_off_congress%3A_here_are_the_worst_offenders?paging=off, jj

Environmentalists and other well-adjusted citizens of Earth, I've got some good news
AND
continued to beat the lonely regulation drum after the EPA's report on Wyoming. 

Your politics link is a joke – Citizens United makes backlash to pro-fracking positions a non-starter for nearly all politicians
James Browning is Common Cause's Regional Director for State Operations, and ALEX KAPLAN is a partner in the New York office of Sidley Austin LLP, “Deep Drilling, Deep Pockets In Congress”, Last sate cited 2011, http://nofracking.com/PDF/deep_drilling_deep_pockets.pdf

Natural gas obtained from fracking and horizontal drilling in shale deposits – a combination which
AND
-biggest recipient of fracking money in Congress with $514,945.

(  ) Plan’s popular with the GOP and spun as job creation
Bluey ‘12
Rob Bluey is a journalist and blogger who leads The Heritage Foundation's investigative reporting unit.
6-21-12, Heritage, North Dakota’s Oil Boom in Pictures http://blog.heritage.org/2012/06/21/north-dakotas-oil-boom-in-pictures/, jj

The combination of energy production and job creation is potent force. It’s one reason
AND
— a state that Heritage and the Institute for Energy Research recently visited.

House GOP k2 CIR
Altman, 3/20/13 (Alex, Alex Altman is a Washington correspondent for TIME. He previously worked as a writer and editor for TIME's Briefing section. A native of New York City, he has degrees from Colgate University and Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism. Time, “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform,” http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/

 Problem #3: House Republicans¶ Even if Senate negotiators can come up
AND
in Congress that this is not going to get them the Hispanic vote.”¶ 

 (  ) Current political climate makes plan a win
Laurance Geri and David McNabb 2011, Laurance (Larry) Geri is a member of the faculty of The Evergreen State College, where he teaches in the Masters Program in Public Administration; David E. McNabb is business administration professor emeritus at Pacific Lutheran University and currently a member of the adjunct faculty of Olympic College; Energy Policy in the U.S.: Politics, Challenges, and Prospects for Change, electronic copy of book, KEL)

A new approach to energy politics was evident in President Obama’s 2011 State of the
AND
¶ winning formula at a time of slow growth and high geopolitical tension.

PC theory is wrong- winners win
Hirsh, 2-7 – National Journal chief correspondent, citing various political scientists
Michael, former Newsweek senior correspondent, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital," National Journal, 2-9-13, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital
The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly
AND
right. He did. (At least until Vietnam, that is.)
Matt note: gender paraphrased

(  ) No link - The disad is not an opportunity cost – Congress could do the plan and pass CIR

Obama PC not key
Chris Stirewalt is digital politics editor for Fox News, “Will Obama Blow Up Immigration Deal?”, Jan 28th 2013, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/01/28/will-obama-blow-up-immigration-deal/#ixzz2JnY0chGl

A group of four Republican senators including two moderates, John McCain and Lindsey Graham
AND
to briefly wince at the concessions he is making before signing a law?

(  ) Issues are compartmentalized – no reason the plan will change peoples’ votes on a separate bill. And, PC irrelevant to the agenda
Silver, 1/26/11 – political statistician and all-around baller (Nate. “Obama’s paradox of choice.” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/26/obamas-paradox-of-choice/)

Now, however, the stakes are probably much lower for him. With Democrats
AND
become easier in one regard: he has far fewer choices to make.

High skill reform inev
Matthew Yglesias, Slate, 1/15/13, How the GOP Can Roll Obama on Immigration, www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2013/01/15/immigration_reform_will_obama_get_rolled.html

Of the major policy issues under discussion in Washington, "immigration reform" stands
AND
kind of fanaticism that is the exact opposite of Obama's approach to politics.

No skills shortage
Harrison, 10/24/12 (J.D., The Washington Post: “Study: Shortage of skilled workers vastly overstated,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/on-small-business/post/study-shortage-of-skilled-workers-vastly-overstated/2012/10/23/8670526c-1d3a-11e2-b647-bb1668e64058_blog.html)

Calls for targeted immigration reform are growing louder from economists who say the United States’
AND
author, said in a statement. “The problem is very localized.”

1AR

No cyber terror
Knake ’10 (Robert K, international affairs fellow in residence at the Council on Foreign Relations studying cyber war, 2-16, CFR, “Cyberterrorism Hype v. Fact” http://www.cfr.org/terrorism-and-technology/cyberterrorism-hype-v-fact/p21434, jj)

Beyond the technical hurdles, al-Qaeda's primary goal has always been to generate
AND
plot intended to do economic harm without also causing large numbers of casualties. 

States won’t do it
Matthews 3-16-11 (William, nextgov, “private sector not adequately defending U.S. cyberspace, security expert warns” http://www.nextgov.com/nextgov/ng_20110316_8174.php?oref=topnews, jj)

The United States faces a number cyber risks. The most serious -- cyberwar --
AND
do so unless we were to get into a conventional war with them.

Visas not to key relations, which are resilient
Central Chronicle 8/23/2010
“Indo-US ties: Looming Shadows”
http://www.centralchronicle.com/viewnews.asp?articleID=45366

The issue of bringing jobs to America is a carrot that US President Barack Obama
AND
is too diverse and multi-pronged to be threatened by one issue.

No pass – guest worker program
Star-Telegram, 3/28/13 (“Dispute stalls deal on immigrants,” http://www.star-telegram.com/2013/03/28/4736057/dispute-stalls-deal-on-immigrants.html)

A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening dispute
AND
help from Obama, then a U.S. senator from Illinois. 

Stalled and Obama isn’t pushing
Hennessey, 3/25/13 (Kathleen, “Obama tries to push stalled immigration talks forward,” http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-obama-stalled-immigration-talks-20130325,0,7503326.story, bgm)

The senators remain deadlocked over several issues, including the details of a guest-
AND
path to citizenship for illegal immigrants, the key requirement for any bill.

Won’t pass- grassroots and multiple thumpers
Gonzalez 3/7
Daniel, USA Today,  Foes of immigration 'amnesty' mobilizing, 3/7/13, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/07/foes-of-immigration-amnesty-mobilizing/1972487/

As lawmakers get closer to introducing a comprehensive immigration-reform bill, opponents are
AND
even rank among the top 10 issues, according to the Talkers survey. 

Keystone

a) Decision within weeks.
Geman 3-13. Ben, energy and environment reporter, "Obama: Pipeline decision coming soon" The Hill -- thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/287967-obama-tells-gop-that-keystone-pipeline-decision-coming-soon

President Obama told House Republicans that a decision on the Keystone XL oil sands pipeline
AND
had a wide-ranging meeting with Obama in the Capitol on Wednesday.
b) It costs capital
Walsh 3-25. Kenneth, White House correspondent, "Domestic Backlog Greets Obama Upon Return from the Mideast" US News and World Report -- www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2013/03/25/domestic-backlog-greets-obama-upon-return-from-the-mideast

Keystone XL pipeline: The Senate voted 62-37 on Friday in favor of
AND
howls of protest no matter which way his administration goes on this issue.

Obama’s DOE nominee thumps the DA --- he’s from the gas industry, and Obama is already taking heat for fracking now. Environmentalist backlash in the squo which means no unique link to plan --- that’s Nelson

Their ev too generic and before stuff like the backlash against Rice. Even if there is generally no backlash to nominees, Moniz makes their gas links inev
Obama will nominate Moniz – makes nat gas fights inevitable  
Clarke 2/22/13 (Chris, Contributor @ ReWire, "Obama's Rumored Pick for Energy Secretary is Fracking and Nuclear Friendly," http://www.kcet.org/news/rewire/government/concern-mounts-over-obamas-likely-energy-department-pick.html)

President Obama's declaration in his 2013 State Of The Union that he'd pursue an "
AND
existing technology, as for example in this 2011 interview with Dan Rather:

Energy battles in Congress now thump the link
Geman 3-18. Ben, Energy and environment reporter, "The week ahead: Budget battles, gas exports take center stage" The Hill -- thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/288671-the-week-ahead-budget-battles-gas-exports-take-center-stage

This week is likely to bring floor debate in the House and Senate over competing
AND
they would boost domestic prices. Some environmentalists are also opposing the plans.

Anti gas lobbies are weak, and natural gas lobby outweighs
Brownstein 2/20/13 – Ron Brownstein is the senior editorial director of Atlantic Media. A two-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of presidential campaigns, he is in charge of long-term editorial strategy for Atlantic Media and coordinates political coverage and activities across the publications. Prior to joining the company, Brownstein was the National Affairs Columnist for the Los Angeles Times, where he served as the National Political Correspondent and author of the weekly Washington Outlook column. He also serves as a senior political analyst for CNN and appeared as a political analyst for ABC during the 2012 election. His sixth and most recent book,The Second Civil War: How Extreme Partisanship Has Paralyzed Washington and Polarized America, was published by Penguin in November 2007. February 20, 2013, Quartz, How Obama might find a way to limit carbon emissions in his second term, http://qz.com/55245/how-obama-might-find-a-way-to-limit-carbon-emissions-in-his-second-term/, jj
The big political change is that in 2012 the coal and oil industries threw everything
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of the American Gas Association, which represents the major natural gas distributors.

House key to CIR --- that’s Altman --- they are the deciding factor --- more ev
Kiplinger 12/18 The Kiplinger Washington Editors, 12-18-12, Why Immigration Reform Is Likely in 2013, http://www.kiplinger.com/columns/washington/archives/immigration-reform-likely-in-2013.html#lObtuiMB6R9j3TdG.99, jj

The Senate, for sure, will pass a broad immigration package, backed by Democrats and some moderate Republicans. The fight will be more difficult in the GOP-controlled House, where hard-line conservatives will try to resist the push by more-mainstream Republicans to make big changes.

Only risk of the turn --- their ev all about environmentalists --- they’re not key to CIR and will never backlash--- this card comparative
Hughes 2/6/13 Brian Hughes, White House Correspondent, The Washington Examiner, February 6, 2013, Obama's base increasingly wary of drone program, http://washingtonexaminer.com/obamas-base-increasingly-wary-of-drone-program/article/2520787, jj

However, most voters have embraced the president's expanded use of drone strikes. A
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lawmakers think the president should be able to do whatever he wants."

Plan is the bargaining chip that gets GOP on board for the DA
Brown 11/14 (Tristan R. Brown, lawyer working in academia, teaches graduate-level courses on the law and policy, economics, and global issues surrounding the biorenewables sector, November 14, 2012, “Don't Expect The EPA To Finish Off Shale Gas, Either,” Seeking Alpha, http://seekingalpha.com/article/1008611-don-t-expect-the-epa-to-finish-off-shale-gas-either)
Finally, it should be noted that the EPA is not an independent agency.
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the ability to require their use as bargaining chips in any legislative negotiations. 

Fracking restrictions are draining Obama’s PC now
PIN 11/23 (Power Industry News, “Fracking industry keeps eye on Obama; EPA report could doom its future,” Utility Products, http://www.utilityproducts.com/news/2012/11/23/fracking-industry-keeps-eye-on-obama-nl-epa-report-could-doom-its-future.html)
Ms. Harbert and others remain optimistic that the White House will recognize that,
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extraction method and avoid taking steps that could hamper it, analysts say.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge: 

2AC

1) Plan follows precedent – That’s Adler 

Zero chance for neg uniqueness post Citizens United
Richard L. Hasen, professor of law and political science at the U.C. Irvine School of Law, “Money Grubbers”, Jan 21st 2010, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2010/01/money_grubbers.single.html

It is time for everyone to drop all the talk about the Roberts court's "
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court that has taken a giant leap toward deregulation of the electoral process.

2) The ACA ruling means the plan entirely follows precedent – they have zero link evidence post the ACA in the context of the CAA – we do
Lawrence Hurley, EandE reporter Greenwire: “Will Supreme Court's health care ruling imperil Clean Air Act?”, Friday, June 29, 2012, http://eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/06/29/1

Within hours of yesterday's monumental Supreme Court ruling upholding the 2010 health care reform law
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have no fear: oceans of ink will be spilled on this stuff."

3) There is zero link to the disad if we win the plan follows precedent
Gentithes, ’09 (Michael, Research Attorney, Illinois Appellate Court, First District; J.D. DePaul University College of Law 2008; B.A. Colgate University 2005., “IN DEFENSE OF STARE DECISIS,” WILLAMETTE LAW REVIEW, 45 Willamette L. Rev. 799, lexis, bgm)

The argument for a rule of stare decisis that frequently controls Supreme Court jurisprudence is
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being overruled, but also forward to the decision which may replace it.

4) Turn – Conservative Backlash:
A) Courts lack legitimacy from conservatives now – ACA ruling
The Week 2012 (“5 cringe-worthy GOP reactions to the ObamaCare Ruling”. June 29, 2012. http://theweek.com/article/index/230055/5-cringe-worthy-gop-reactions-to-the-obamacare-ruling
In upholding ObamaCare, the Supreme Court dropped a bombshell on the conservative movement,
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joked that he plans to spend his summer in an "impregnable fortress."

Supreme Court legitimacy is tied to ideology – The plan would boost the image of the Court for conservatives – Preserves legitimacy
Brandon L. Bartels is Assistant Professor of Political Science, George Washington University, Christopher D. Johnston is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Duke University, “On the Ideological Foundations of Supreme Court Legitimacy in the American Public”, American Journal of Political Science,Vol. 57, No. 1, January 2013, http://home.gwu.edu/~bartels/BartelsJohnstonAJPS.pdf
Our examination of the ideological foundations of Supreme Court legitimacy in the American public has
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the extent to which Supreme Court legitimacy rests on ideological and political foundations.

C) Only a risk of a link turn – Liberals always respect the legitimacy of the Courts even after a conservative ruling
Patrick J. Egan Assistant Professor of Politics and Public Policy New York University, Jack Citrin Heller Professor of Political Science University of California, Berkeley, “The Limits of Judicial Persuasion and the Fragility of Judicial Legitimacy”, July 2011, http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/4819/egancitrin.pdf

Our other main finding reveals an important difference in the ways liberals and conservatives view
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occupations toward identification as liberals and as Democrats (Manza and Brooks 1999). 

No backlash against the Courts
Gibson ’12 – James L. Gibson¶ Sidney W. Souers Professor of Government¶ Department of Political Science¶ Professor of African and African American Studies¶ Director, Program on Citizenship and Democratic Values¶ Weidenbaum Center on the Economy, Government, and Public Policy¶ Washington University in St. Louis¶ Fellow, Centre for Comparative and International Politics¶ Professor Extraordinary in Political Science¶ Stellenbosch University (South Africa)¶ “Public Reverence for the United States Supreme Court: Is the Court Invincible?*” Prepared for delivery at the Countermajoritarian Conference,¶ University of Texas Law School, March 29 – 30, 2012. ONLINE, jj
● Some threats to the legitimacy of the Supreme Court do exist. Some members
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such proposals by gadflies have any degree of support among the American people.

Congress won’t strip the Courts—bills to limit the Court’s jurisdiction don’t pass even when Congress is angry:  
Lawrence Baum, 2003 Department of Political Science, Ohio State University, June 2003
“The Supreme Court in American Politics,” http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085526;jsessionid=n1HzQqZJALRe, rwg
For Dahl, of course, the challenge stems partly from the sheer volume of
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response to its policies despite a long list of bills with that purpose. 

Plan’s key to the economy --- that’s Stackhouse --- gas production revitalizes every industry

Federalism’s key to the economy
Katz ’12 – Bruce Katz, Vice President and Director, Metropolitan Policy Program, The Adeline M. and Alfred I. Johnson Chair in Urban and Metropolitan Policy, 2-16-12, Brookings Institution, Remaking Federalism to Remake the American Economy, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/02/16-federalism-katz, jj

Federalism is not a gift that Washington bestows on state houses and city halls.
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and political comity—if the next president is willing to take it.

1AR

No skills shortage
Harrison, 10/24/12 (J.D., The Washington Post: “Study: Shortage of skilled workers vastly overstated,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/on-small-business/post/study-shortage-of-skilled-workers-vastly-overstated/2012/10/23/8670526c-1d3a-11e2-b647-bb1668e64058_blog.html)

Calls for targeted immigration reform are growing louder from economists who say the United States’
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author, said in a statement. “The problem is very localized.”

Internal link’s workershortages, which don’t exist
Eisenbrey ’08 (Ross Eisenbrey, vice president, Economic Policy Institute, congressional testimony, April 16, 2008, “Reforming the H-2B Non-immigrant Visa Program”, jj)

Establishing the existence of a shortage is therefore of fundamental importance. True shortages are
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data provide no support for expanding the number of H-2B visas.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge: 

2AC

Doesn’t solve precedent – Our Adler evidence says federal court ruling limiting germaneness is key to send a signal and reign in federal expansion

EPA will circumvent Congress
Loris, 2/23/11 (Nicholas, Policy Analyst at The Heritage Foundation's Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies. Loris studies energy, environment and regulation issues such as the economic impacts of climate change legislation, a free market approach to nuclear energy and the effects of environmental policy on energy prices and the economy. “EPA Circumventing Congress…Again” http://blog.heritage.org/2011/02/23/epa-circumventing-congress-again/) 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing the reputation for moving forward with
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ahead with its own plans to regulate CO2 under the Clean Air Act.

Doesn’t solve federalism --- Supreme Court is key – creates a trickle-down effect
Aroney 6 (Nicholas – Senior Lecturer in Law, T.C. Beirne School of Law and Fellow, Centre for Public, International and Comparative Law, The University of Queensland, Australia, “Formation, Representation and Amendment in Federal Constitutions”, 2006, lexis)

A further complicating factor is that the powers allocated by the four constitutions under consideration
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solicitous of the interests of the States than it used to be. n100

Perm – do both – Solves the link to the disad - provides cover for the Courts ruling

US Supreme Court decisions are modeled by Pakistan
Khan 11 (Amjad Mahmood, Senior Litigation Associate – Latham and Watkins LLP, Postgraduate Research Fellow – Harvard Law School, JD – Harvard Law School, “Misuse and Abuse of Legal Argument by Analogy in Transjudicial Communication: the Case of Zaheeruddin v. State,” Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 10(4), http://muslimwriters.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/khan_10-4-2.pdf)
This article explores the risks and limits of transjudicial communication. In particular, I
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originating and sharing courts recognize and acknowledge each other’s cross-citations. 14

Pakistan decentralization key to stability --- prevents terror and Indo Pak war
Sokolski 9 (Henry, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, “PAKISTAN’S NUCLEAR FUTURE: REINING IN THE RISK,” Strategic Studies Institute, December, http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub963.pdf)
With any attempt to assess security threats, there is a natural tendency to focus
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and ethnic and religious groups, Washington is in no position to help. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge: 

2AC

1. Our framework is plan focus – we get to weigh the 1AC – it’s key to clash and fairness and productive debate  
   And, no prior questions --- elevating ontological and philosophical concerns fails and trades off with pragmatic policy solutions
   Jenkins ‘11
   Willis Jenkins, Margaret A. Farley Assistant Professor of Social Ethics, Professor Jenkins teaches environmental ethics, global ethics, and Christian social thought. He is author of Ecologies of Grace: Environmental Ethics and Christian Theology, which won a 2009 Templeton Award for Theological Promise, and Sustainability, Social Justice, and Christian Ethics (Georgetown, in press). He is editor of The Spirit of Sustainability (2009) and coeditor of Bonhoeffer and King: Their Legacies and Import for Christian Social Thought (2010). He has written recent journal articles on ethics in the environmental sciences, on homelessness and urban theory, and on the field of religion and ecology.
   Ethics and the Environment, ENVIRONMENTAL PRAGMATISM, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, AND CULTURAL REFORM, Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2011, pp.
   51-74 (Article) PROJECT MUSE, jj

Pragmatism: Making Ethics Practical
Pragmatists often introduce their strategy of practical reason with an opening complaint that cosmological strategies
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a variety of people” to adopt environmental solutions (2003, 241).
2. Perm – do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alternative. Solves best – combining the alt with dominant ideology solves best.
Giroux, Prof of Comm @ McMaster, 2004 p. 142-143 (Henry, The Terror of Neoliberalism)

There is a lot of talk among academics in the United States and elsewhere about
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Sabin observes, “an isolation from society and vows of political chastity.”

3. Prefer the aff’s incrementalism to the alt’s inaction --- refusal to embrace bridge fuels like the aff guarantees environmental collapse
Charles K. Ebinger, Director, Energy Security Initiative Govinda Avasarala, Research Assistant, Foreign Policy, Energy Security Initiative The Brookings Institution 4-22-10, Environmental Pragmatism http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/0422_environmental_pragmatism_ebinger.aspx, jj

Finally, people need to embrace pragmatism. Though it is not ideal and rarely
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we can do a far more effective job of getting the ball rolling.
4. Alt fails – Individual rejection fails – political reform is key.
Giroux, Prof of Comm @ McMaster, 2004 p. 153 (Henry, The Terror of Neoliberalism)

Refusing to separate learning from social change, he constantly insisted that we fail theory
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on multiple fronts against the rising forces of authoritarianism both home and abroad.

5. perm – do both
Neolib’s inevitable and movements are getting smothered out of existence—no alternative economic system
Jones 11—Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html
My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001, and the anti-globalisation movement was at its peak. The turn-of-the-century anti-capitalist movement feels largely forgotten today, but it was a big deal at the time. To a left-wing teenager growing up in an age of unchallenged neo-liberal triumphalism, just to have "anti-capitalism" flash up in the headlines was thrilling. Thousands of apparently unstoppable protesters chased the world's rulers from IMF to World Bank summits – from Seattle to Prague to Genoa – and the authorities were rattled.
Today, as protesters in nearly a thousand cities across the world follow the example
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of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose.

7. Neoliberalism solves growth, and the enviornment
Jim Chen, Professor of Law University of Minnesota Law School, “Pax Mercatoria: Globalization as a Second Chance at "Peace for our Time" 24 Fordham International Law Journal 2000

The antiglobalization movement has made some extraordinary claims. Let us transplant a precept of
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an unjustly privileged few. That way runs anew the road to serfdom.
8. Solves war.
Jim Chen, Professor of Law University of Minnesota Law School, “Pax Mercatoria: Globalization as a Second Chance at "Peace for our Time" 24 Fordham International Law Journal 2000

The conventional case for trade rides on "essentially only one argument." 38 That
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least developed countries and countries undergoing the transition from central planning to capitalism. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge:
Gas is key to steal industry --- that’s Stackhouse --- Cheap steel key to naval power and defense
AISI 2008 (American Iron and Steel Institute, July 1, 2008, “U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY CRITICAL TO KEEPING US FREE,” http://legacy.steel.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=HomeandCONTENTID=24325andTEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm)
As we reflect on our country’s independence this Fourth of July, we should pause
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On this Independence Day, let’s pledge to work to uphold that ideal.”

Solves all conflicts
Friedman ‘07 (George, stratfor, “the limitations and necessity of naval power” online)

The argument for slashing the Navy can be tempting. But consider the counterargument.
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fundamentally indispensable role the Navy plays in U.S. national security.

We ran the same plan text and advantages all 4 rounds @ GSU.

We read a renewables transition add-on, Chemical industry add-on, and Japan alliance add-on.

2NRs against us included T, Consumption K, EPA tradeoff DA, and Russia oil prices.