Wake Forest » LeDuc-Miller Aff

LeDuc-Miller Aff

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	09/22/2012	GSU AFF - SMRs Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: 1AC- The United States federal government should substantially increase power-purchase agreements of Small Modular Reactors. The best new unbiased studies prove warming is occurring Plait ’11 (New independent climate study confirms global warming is real http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/21/new-independent-climate-study-confirms-global-warming-is-real/ October 21st, 2011 Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science. The study is called the “ “ result may be low quality. Global Warming is real and anthropogenic – multiple warrants. Romm 10 (Jon, Editor of Climate Progress, Senior Fellow at the American Progress, former Acting Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Disputing the “consensus” on global warming,” http://climateprogress.org/2010/06/16/scientific-consensus-on-global-warming-climate-science/,) A good example of how scientific “ “ science and the likely impacts we face on our current emissions path — an understanding that has grown increasingly dire in recent years (see “An illustrated guide to the latest climate science” and “An introduction to global warming impacts: Hell and High Water“). Prefer these peer-reviewed studies- evidence to the contrary is flawed Stephens ’11 (Home » Vol 21 No 22 > Bad week for Pell and climate change deniers ENVIRONMENT Bad week for Pell and climate change deniers TIM STEPHENS NOVEMBER 06, 2011 Dr Tim Stephens is Director of the Sydney Centre for International Law, at the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney and a parishioner at St Joan of Arc, Haberfield, NSW. He holds a masters degree in geography from the University of Cambridge, a doctorate in international environmental law from the University of Sydney, and writes on climate change science, policy and law. His latest book, co-authored with Donald R Rothwell, is The International Law of the Sea. The last couple of weeks have not been a “ “, Pell's pseudo-science should be ignored, and the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be. Developed nations produce the most climate change, yet developing countries are hit the worst by its effects Carrington 11 – Head of the environment at The Guardian (Damian, “Map reveals stark divide in who caused climate change and who's being hit”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/damian-carrington-blog/2011/oct/26/climate-change-developing-country-impacts-risk?CMP=twt_gu, October 26^th, 2011, KTOP) When the “ “ storm events may well increase as climate changes takes hold," says Beldon. The United States has a responsibility to act against global warming Claussen 6 (Eileen, October 5, “Climate Change: The State of The Question and The Search For The Answer”, President of the PEW center for climate change, http://www.pewclimate.org/press_ room/speech_transcripts/stjohns2of2.cfm) But Africa produces just 2 to 3 percent of worldwide “ “ on the ecosystems that support all life on earth. So why, then, have we failed to take responsibility? Why has there been such an absence of political will? Warming causes devastating global impacts that the US causes Stern 07 – Head of the British Government Economic Service, and Former Head Economist for the World Bank, I.G. Panel Chair at the London School of Economics and Political Science (Nicholas, “The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review”, Cambridge University Press, p. 29, KTOP) The incremental impact of a tonne of GHG is “ “ starting point, whereas poor countries will be particularly badly hit. Warming kills the biosphere – causes extinction Costello 11 (Anthony, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mark Maslin, Department of Geography, University College London, Hugh Montgomery, Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College London, Anne M. Johnson, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Paul Ekins, Energy Institute, University College London [“Global health and climate change: moving from denial and catastrophic fatalism to positive action” May 2011 vol. 369 no. 1942 1866-1882 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society) Advocacy about the health consequences will ensure that “ “ many environments uninhabitable. Warming causes extinction Deibel ‘7 (Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2”) Finally, there is one major “ “ not only to the security and prosperity to the United States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Warming is scientifically proven- not a constructed threat Trombetta ‘8 (Maria Julia Trombetta, (Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures) 3/19/08 http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf The environmental sector is rather “ “ problem, how is it possible to provide security? SMR’s are an energy game changer- but purchasing agreements are key to jump-start the industry Madia (Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the NAL at Stanford and was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) ‘12 (William Madia, Stanford Energy Journal, Dr. Madia serves as Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University. Previously, he was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2000-2004 and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory from 1994-1999., “SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY”, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Small_Modular_Reactors_by_William_Madia, Spring 2012, LEQ) There is a new type of nuclear power “ “ consider SMRs as a key component of our national energy strategy. And United States is key- capable of quick mass producing SMR’s - US key to global spillover of tech- significant reduction of emissions Rosner, Goldberg, and Hezir et. al. ‘11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., Many people have made generous and valuable contributions to this study. Professor Geoff Rothwell, Stanford University, provided the study team with the core and supplemental analyses and very timely and pragmatic advice. Dr. J’Tia Taylor, Argonne National Laboratory, supported Dr. Rothwell in these analyses. Deserving special mention is Allen Sanderson of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago, who provided insightful comments and suggested improvements to the study. Constructive suggestions have been received from Dr. Pete Lyons, DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; Dr. Pete Miller, former DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; John Kelly, DOE Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies; Matt Crozat, DOE Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy; Vic Reis, DOE Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for Science; and Craig Welling, DOE Deputy Office Director, Advanced Reactor Concepts Office, as well as Tim Beville and the staff of DOE’s Advanced Reactor Concepts Office. The study team also would like to acknowledge the comments and useful suggestions the study team received during the peer review process from the nuclear industry, the utility sector, and the financial sector. Reviewers included the following: Rich Singer, VP Fuels, Emissions, and Transportation, MidAmerican Energy Co.; Jeff Kaman, Energy Manager, John Deere; Dorothy R. Davidson, VP Strategic Programs, AREVA; T. J. Kim, Director—Regulatory Affairs and Licensing, Generation mPower, Babcock and Wilcox; Amir Shahkarami, Senior Vice President, Generation, Exelon Corp.; Michael G. Anness, Small Modular Reactor Product Manager, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Matthew H. Kelley and Clark Mykoff, Decision Analysis, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; George A. Davis, Manager, New Plant Government Programs, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Christofer Mowry, President, Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc.; Ellen Lapson, Managing Director, Fitch Ratings; Stephen A. Byrne, Executive Vice President, Generation and Transmission Chief Operating Officer, South Carolina Electric and Gas Company; Paul Longsworth, Vice President, New Ventures, Fluor; Ted Feigenbaum, Project Director, Bechtel Corp.; Kennette Benedict, Executive Director, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist; Bruce Landrey, CMO, NuScale; Dick Sandvik, NuScale; and Andrea Sterdis, Senior Manager of Strategic Nuclear Expansion, Tennessee Valley Authority. The authors especially would like to acknowledge the discerning comments from Marilyn Kray, Vice-President at Exelon, throughout the course of the study, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power”, http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf, November 2011, LEQ) As stated earlier, SMRs have the “ “ in commercial nuclear technology, which has been lost to suppliers in France, Japan, Korea, Russia, and, now rapidly emerging, China. Nuclear power expansion is key to solve warming- solves electricity sector, transportation, and industrial applications Spencer ‘9 (April 7, 2009 Where Is Nuclear Energy in the Markey-Waxman Energy Bill? by Jack Spencer WebMemo #2386, Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Congressmen Ed Markey (D-MA) and Henry “ “ not be invested. These private investments will ultimately be what is needed for the nation to achieve the goals set forth by the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. Nuclear is sustainable and doesn’t cause emissions Gronlund 7 )Nuclear power in a Warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, Lisbeth Gronlund; David Lochbaum; Edwin Lyman, Union of Concerned Scientists, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear-power-in-a-warming-world.pdf Nuclear power plants “ “ in very low emissions. 7 Nuclear is the only option quick enough to reverse the impacts of warming McCarthy 4 (Michael McCarthy, Lovelock: 'Only nuclear power can now halt global warming' Published May 23 2004 by Independent UK, Archived May 23 2004, http://www.energybulletin.net/node/320) JD On that basis, he says, there is simply not “ “ and a direct result of global warming. SMRS solve waste Szondy 12, David, writes for charged and iQ magazine, award-winning journalist [“Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” February 16^th, http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/] SMRs can help with proliferation, “ “, so it can provide power even to areas where security concerns have been raised. SMRs solve waste, radiation, and mining James and Anniek Hansen ‘8 (James and Anniek Hansen, That really smart climate dude, http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~jeh1%2Fmailings%2F20081229_DearMichelleAndBarack.pdfandimages=yes, December 29, 2008, LEQ) (3) Urgent RandD on 4 th “ “ ent of a reproducible safe nuclear reactor. Impact to radiation from nuclear power is low - Spencer and Loris ‘7 (Jack Spencer and Nick Loris \| Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy and Nicolas Loris is a Research Assistant in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Nick Loris is an editorial intern pursuing his masters in George Mason University December 3, 2007, “Dispelling Myths About Nuclear Energy” http://www.heritage.org/research/energyandenvironment/bg2087.cfm, ) This myth relies on taking facts “ “ power plant is insignificant. Students interrogating environmental issues is critical to developing sustainable solutions – Must also be coupled with policy advocacy in order to succeed Cotgrave and Alkhaddar 6 – Alison Cotgrave has a PhD in Sustainability Literacy, she is currently the Deputy Director of the School of the Built Environment and a researcher in construction education, she is also a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Rafid Alkhaddar has a PhD in Civil Engineering and currently teaches at the School of the Built Environment John Moores University in Liverpool as a Professor of Water and Environmental Engineering (March 2006, “Greening the Curricula within Construction Programmes,” Journal for Education in the Built Environment, Vol.1, Issue 1, March 2006 pp. 3-29, http://131.251.248.49/jebe/pdf/AlisonCotgrave1(1).pdf) Environmental education Many writers have determined that the “ “ as well forget the educational part. Environmental education concerning specific action-based policies is best. Even if our advocacy is wrong only action-competence education allows us to successfully confront these dilemmas without falling prey to hidden agendas Mogensen and Schnak 10 – Prof at University College West, Denmark, Associate Professor in the Research of Environmental and Health Education, PhD in Biology; Professor Emeritus of Education at Laererhoejskolen, Danish university of Education, DPU, and Aarhus University (Finn and Karsten, Feb 2010, “The action competence approach and the ‘new’ discourses of education for sustainable development, competence and quality criteria,” Environmental Education Research, Volume 16, Issue 1, 2010, pg 59-74, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504620903504032) Seen from a “ “ in connection to the action competence approach. Relying on individual-level strategies in the context of warming George Monbiot, journalist, academic, and political and environmental activist, 2004, Manifesto for a New World Order, p. 11-13 The quest for global solutions is “ “ pollution, if nothing has been done to prevent climate change from destroying the conditions it requires for its survival. Engaging the state is key- can’t solve environmental destruction without it Eckersly ‘4 (Robyn Eckersly, professor of political science at the School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, 2004 the green state: rethinking democracy and sovereignty, p.5-6 While acknowledging the basis for “ “ without also engaging with and seeking to transform state power. Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change- changes both individuals and states Kuzemko ’12 [Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf] This observation “ “ on energy and climate security. Subjective truth focus fuels climate skepticism and makes honest scientific and policy deliberation a political game of cooption Banning, 9 – University of Colorado communication professor, PhD (Marlia Elisabeth, “When Poststructural Theory and Contemporary Politics Collide*The Vexed Case of Global Warming,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3, September 2009, pp. 285-304 While academic research practices and “ “ ’’ the relations of power and antagonism that define public discourse.
	09/22/2012	HTGR Aff Tournament: GSU \| Round: 4 \| Opponent: \| Judge: Plan The United States federal government should substantially increase funding for the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor energy production in the United States. 1AC- Inherency Massive nuclear incentives just passed Yurman ’12 (Nuclear energy R%26D budgets spared major cuts Posted on January 5, 2012 by dyurman\| 3 Comments Congress trims funding while adding new priorities By Dan Yurman Dan Yurman, nuclear blogger Dan Yurman publishes Idaho Samizdat, a blog about nuclear energy, and is a frequent contributor to ANS Nuclear Cafe. A Congress that has public approval ratings in the single digits because of deficit- AND D on SMR concepts that presumably would include some fast reactor work scope. Huge laundy list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation-http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. Even more nuclear incentives coming by the end of September Yurman ’12 (Race for DOE SMR money heats up B%26W inks MOU with First Energy for economic, siting, and licensing studies Dan Yurman Dan Yurman publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled ’Idaho Samizdat’ http://djysrv.blogspot.com. It covers the nuclear energy industry globally including new reactor investments, economics, politics, and technologies. He is a frequent contributor to the ANS Nuclear Cafe http://ansnuclearcafe.org and to Fuel Cycle Week http://fuelcycleweek.com Posted July 26, 2012 Race for %24452 million gets political notice The Department of Energy is reviewing proposals from B%26W and several other SMR firms to be granted up to %24452 million over five years to support SMR engineering and licensing work. The agency will make up to two awards by the end of September this year. However, funding for new next generation reactors was slashed- this kills US nuclear leadership Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012 The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels AND not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005. 1AC- Nuke Leadership Rapid global nuclear power expansion is inevitable, the US must regain nuclear leadership to prevent proliferation Domenici and Miller ’12 (Co-chaired by Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller \| July 2012 Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets A Report of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Nuclear Initiative With the world’s largest commercial nuclear fleet, the United States was once the world’s AND and a strong domestic nuclear industry strengthens America’s position in international nonproliferation matters. HTGR’s are critical to nuclear leadership- this is the only way to solve prolif Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) THE INTERSECTION OF HTGRS AND NON–PROLIFERATION We believe there are four ways in AND -proliferation negotiations and would increase our ability to respond to future uncertainties. Failure to safeguard the expansion causes an irreversible cascade of nuclear prolif, terrorism, and accidents Allison ’8 (Securing the Nuclear Renaissance Testimony to the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade Testimony July 24, 2008 Author: Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School Oral Testimony Allison, Graham. "Securing the Nuclear Renaissance." Testimony to the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade. Testimony., 2008 Jul 24. In my view, there is a substantial chance that we are living through the AND (prevention of accidents like Chernobyl) — need to be significantly strengthened. Nuclear terrorism is highly probable and would create a massive death toll Brill and Luongo ’12 (OP-ED CONTRIBUTORS Nuclear Terrorism: A Clear Danger By KENNETH C. BRILL and KENNETH N. LUONGO Published: March 15, 2012 Kenneth C. Brill is a former U.S. ambassador to the I.A.E.A.Kenneth N. Luongo is president of the Partnership for Global Security. Both are members of the Fissile Material Working Group, a nonpartisan nongovernmental organization. Terrorists exploit gaps in security. The current global regime for protecting the nuclear materials AND terrorism. But existing global arrangements for nuclear security lack uniformity and coherence. Terrorism causes full scale nuclear wars Hellman ’8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a AND to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia. Perception of US leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war Bin ’9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li AND University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. ) The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is AND problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war. Unsafe nuclear power spread will spark pre-emptive strikes - history proves Fuhrmann ’12 (Matthew Fuhrmann: Preventive War and the Spread of Nuclear Programs Jun 28, 2012 AUTHOR: Matthew Fuhrmann: Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas A%26M University Fuhrmann (website edition) (DOC) 49.54 KB Preventive War and the Spread of Nuclear Programs Nuclear proliferation can be especially threatening to states that fear that they could be targeted AND technology diffuses around the globe to the degree that some predict.~[66~] Prolif causes extinction- prolif optimism is flawed Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have AND Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Should we worry about the spread of nuclear weapons? At first glance, this AND capabilities, triggering an arms race in a strategically important and volatile region. 1AC- China Now is the key time to engage China to shape their rise and create frameworks for cooperation Chu ’12 (Victor Chu \| June 19, 2012 Enlightened Engagement: US- AND The Task Ahead: Memos for the Winner of the 2012 Presidential Election. It was Napoleon who said in 1803: "Let that sleeping giant sleep, AND global stability, peace and prosperity, must not be allowed to pass. Funding the HTGR reactor is key to nuclear cooperation with China- key to their industry and relations Kadak ’8 (Andrew C. Kadak, Ph.D. Professor of the Practice Nuclear Science and Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission China’s Energy Policies and Their Environmental Impacts Panel: US-China Energy Technology Cooperation: Civil Nuclear Energy August 13, 2008 3) What is the status of existing US China nuclear energy cooperation? US AND so that our American industries can benefit from improved nuclear cooperation with China. HTGR’s are key to effective nuclear cooperation, this is key to Chinese energy security Lyons et al. ’9 ((~[Blythe J. Lyons, John R. Lyman, Mihaela Carstei, and General Richard L. Lawson (USAF), "United States-China Cooperation On Nuclear Power: An Opportunity for Fostering Sustainable Energy Security", Atlantic Council, 3-4/3-6 2009, http://www.acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/65/AtlanticCouncil-USChinaNuclearPower.pdf-http://www.acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/65/AtlanticCouncil-USChinaNuclearPower.pdf, Based on the Dialogue Sponsored by the Atlantic Council and the U.S./China Energy and Environment Technology Center Both the U.S. and China are pursuing activities to develop advanced nuclear AND with the challenges to realize the burgeoning nuclear trade between the two countries. China’s energy dependence causes multiple flashpoints for great power conflict Richardson ’12 (Michael Richardson, visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies in Singapore, 6-7-12, ~["Thirst for energy driving China’s foreign policy," Japan Times, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20120607mr.html-http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20120607mr.html~] E. Liu SINGAPORE — The United States and China, the world’s top users of energy, AND early 2006, when China cease to be self-sufficient in gas. US China resource competition causes conflicts around the globe- causes extinction Klare ’8 (The End Of The World As You Know It, 16 April, 2008 , Michael T. Klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of com/dp/0805055762?tag=commondreams-20%26camp=0%26creative=0%26linkCode=as1%26creativeASIN=0805055762%26adid=0T1RF92WS6V8MG4WVDC2%26 and com/dp/0805079386?tag=commondreams-20%26camp=0%26creative=0%26linkCode=as1%26creativeASIN=0805079386%26adid=04CA0Y680E276YN91JWX%26. Consider this essay a preview of his newest book, com/dp/0805080643?tag=commondreams-20%26camp=0%26creative=0%26linkCode=as1%26creativeASIN=0805080643%26adid=0VMK36675BXYYX0SECP5%26, which has just been published by Metropolitan Books.) A Growing Risk of Conflict: Throughout history, major shifts in power have normally AND simple and sobering: the end of the world as you’ve known it. Nuclear cooperation is key to build cooperation on a laundry list of key issues Orlins ’8 (Obama must pursue new relationship with China By Stephen A. Orlins From News Services Monday, December 22, 2008) Obama needs to go early because this will help to dispel the strategic mistrust that AND .-China relations, and determine the world we leave to our children. Only this cooperation can solve extinction Wenzhong ’4 (PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-4, Zhou, "Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States," http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm) China’s development needs a peaceful international environment, particularly in its periphery. We will AND countries, we will see even greater accomplishments in China-US relations. 1AC- Solvency Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success Gibbs and Soto ’9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that AND in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners. Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership Yurman ’9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes %24180M Dan Yurman Idaho Falls, ID, United States While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. More funding for for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership Bodman ’6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will AND because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal. Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation Spurgeon ’6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, "The U.S. GNEP Approach", ) The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among AND D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable.
	10/27/2012	GTMHRs Aff Tournament: Harvard \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Emory PS \| Judge: Hester Thumpers Huge laundy list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http:~/~/analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. However, federal funding has been cut for the GT-MHR project- this will destroy chances for commercialization Gibbs ’11 (December 2011 NGNP Project 2011 Status and Path Forward December 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DEAC07-05ID14517 Greg A Gibbs The result of the Secretary’s letter is that the NGNP Project at INL will be AND business cases can be built around the economics of HTGR nuclear energy systems. Funding for new next generation reactors was slashed- this kills US nuclear leadership Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012 The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels AND not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005. Round 3/4- Water Water shortages are killing millions and will cause extinction- only new reactors can solve Nisan ‘7 ( The report was prepared by S. Nisan (France). The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was B.M. Misra of the Division of Nuclear Power. STATUS OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION IN IAEA MEMBER STATES IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1524 ISBN 92–0–112806–1 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 2007 (Gender Modified) Water is indispensable for the very existence of humankind and for AND capacities would lead to more than double the amounts given above 2. Specifically, GT-MHRs are the only way to solve coming water shortages- models and studies prove Nisan ‘7 (Utilisation of waste heat from GT‑MHR and PBMR reactors AND issue 1-3 February 5, 2007. p. 254-268 The gas turbine‑modular helium cooled reactor (GT‑MHR) is currently AND reactor to the desalination process; • characteristics of the desalination process itself. Water scarcity will cause war not coop- current conflicts prove Rasmussen 11 – CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council (Erik, 04/12, “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html) For years experts have set out warnings of how the earth will be affected by AND escalate and become a great humanitarian crisis and also a global safety problem. Water shortages cause extinction NASCA ‘6 (NASCA 06 National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation “Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html) Water is one of the prime essentials for life as we know it. The AND ourselves with a nightmare situation for which there will be no obvious answer. Best studies go aff – water scarcity causes conflict- Montenegro ‘9 (Maywa, editor and writer at Seed magazine, “The Truth About Water Wars,” May 14, 2009 http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_truth_about_water_wars/) It’s often been said that the next resource wars will be fought not over oil AND , conflicts will likely intensify, requiring new and rapid adaptive security strategies.” Central Asian water scarcity kills stability and US cooperation in the region Dinar et al. ’12 (SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of AND , Aaron T. Wolf October 18, 2012 Article Summary and Author Biography UP IN THE ARAL Another water basin of concern is the Aral Sea, AND , freshwater will only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions. Centrial Asian instability goes nuclear Blank 2k (Stephen J. - Expert on the Soviet Bloc for the Strategic Studies Institute, “American Grand Strategy and the Transcaspian Region”, World Affairs. 9-22) Thus many structural conditions for conventional war or protracted ethnic conflict where third parties intervene AND 5) neither has willing proxies capable of settling the situation.(77) US Central Asian cooperation is key to Afghan stability and broader stability Nichol ’12 (Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs September 19, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33458 U.S. policy toward the Central Asian states has aimed at facilitating their AND how to balance these varied U.S. interests in the region. Afghanistan instability causes multiple global nuclear wars Carafano ’10 (Con: Obama must win fast in Afghanistan or risk new wars across the globe By JAMES JAY CARAFANO Saturday, Jan. 2, 2010 James Jay Carafano is a senior research fellow for national security at The Heritage Foundation and directs its Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies. There’s little chance Kabul will become Saigon 1968. If the war in Afghanistan starts AND a puny EU military force incapable of defending the interests of its nations. Water scarcity causes Pakistan collapse RT ‘12 (Russia today, citing an intelligence report from The Office of the Director of National Intelligence “Global 'water war' threat by 2030 - US intelligence,” March 22^nd, http:~/~/rt.com/news/water-conflict-terrorism-rivers-239/http://rt.com/news/water-conflict-terrorism-rivers-239/) And while the prospect of “water wars” has been touted for decades, AND , with “more powerful upstream nations impeding or cutting off downstream flow.” Pakistan instability causes nuclear war Pitt ‘9 (New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence." (5/8/09, William, “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=commentaryandarticle=2183) But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car packed with explosives into a jeep AND to be gravely serious about addressing the situation. So should we all. Round 3/4- Plutonium GT-MHR’s are critical to plutonium disposition- this is key to solve prolif Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) THE INTERSECTION OF HTGRS AND NON–PROLIFERATION We believe there are four ways in AND -proliferation negotiations and would increase our ability to respond to future uncertainties. Prolif causes extinction- it will be fast and dangerous Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have AND : Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The AND capabilities, triggering an arms race in a strategically important and volatile region. Plutonium disposition is key to solve both horizontal and vertical prolif- the impact is extinction Sancton ‘5 (Dispositioning military plutonium to promote nuclear non-proliferation Robert Sancton Security and Armed Conflict, Pax Christi International, Rue du Vieux Marché aux Grains, 21, B1000 Brussels, Belgium; rsancton@hotmail.comurl:rsancton@hotmail.com ISYP Journal on Science and World Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2005 103-112 © 2005 Nuclear proliferation includes both horizontal and vertical proliferation activities. Horizontal proliferation occurs when states AND or the capability to develop them, this approach does not address vertical proliferation Vertical prolif will cause nuclear wars Sancton ‘5 (Dispositioning military plutonium to promote nuclear non-proliferation Robert Sancton Security and Armed Conflict, Pax Christi International, Rue du Vieux Marché aux Grains, 21, B1000 Brussels, Belgium; rsancton@hotmail.comurl:rsancton@hotmail.com ISYP Journal on Science and World Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2005 103-112 © 2005 While it is true that military plutonium inside assembled nuclear weapons is often protected by AND cases in which nuclear weapons have a central position in national security doctrines. GT-MHR’s are key to burn plutonium- only feasible and economical reactor Baxter ‘95 (A.M. Baxter , R.K. Lane and R. Sherman , 9-15-95 “Combining a gas turbine modular helium reactor and an accelerator and for near total destruction of weapons grade plutonium” http:~/~/scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normalandid=APCPCS000346000001000347000001andidtype=cvipsandgifs=org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normalandid=APCPCS000346000001000347000001andidtype=cvipsandgifs=yes ) Fissioning surplus weapons-grade plutonium (WG-Pu) in a reactor is AND be straightforward extensions of current technology. ©1995 American Institute of Physics. GT-MHR’s are key to burn Russian plutonium stockpiles- critical to solve nuclear reductions Pomper ‘7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms AND affairs from Columbia University and a master's degree in journalism from Northwestern University. The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits AND reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year. Burning plutonium stockpiles is critical to commitment to nuclear reductions Bunn ‘7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next AND Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995. The United States and Russia still possess massive stockpiles of plutonium and highly enriched uranium AND could strengthen international political support for measures to repair the global nonproliferation regime. US-Russian nuclear reductions are key to solve US-Russia nuclear war Rybachenkov ’12 (A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF ARMS CONTROL AND MUTUAL DETERRENCE1 Vladimir Rybachenkov2 1 Text of presentation at the Fourth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, USA, February 14-17, 2012. 2 Senior Research Scientist, Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environment Studies Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents AND 1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states. Russia war outweighs Bostrom 2 (Nick, PhD and Professor of Philosophy @ Oxford, “Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” The Journal of Evolution and Technology, March) A much greater existential risk emerged with the build-up of nuclear arsenals in AND preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century. Solvency New GT-MHR’s solve all the reasons why old nuclear power is bad- just needs federal demonstration Penner ‘7 (“S.S. Penner, Center for Energy Research, University of California, November 2007) The modular helium reactor (MHR) is the culmination of almost 50 years of AND of hydrogen, provide significant incentives for a government-sponsored demonstration program. GT-MHR demonstration is key Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) Fifty-one years ago, GA was formed by leading scientists from Los Alamos AND fast reactors (the Advanced Burner Test Reactor) proposed as part of GNEP Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes $180M Dan Yurman Idaho Falls, ID, United States While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will AND because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal.
	10/27/2012	GT-MHRs 2ACs Tournament: Harvard \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Emory PS \| Judge: *2AC T Financial Incentives/Demonstration- 2AC 2. Funding for demonstration is a financial incentive- heres our counter interp and caselist REPP ‘99 (copyright © 1999 by Renewable Energy Policy Project “Selected Finance AND Industry Cluster for Mesa Del Sol 5. Selected Finance Programs for Sustainable Energy17 This section discusses financial incentives for renewable energy development, which are currently offered by AND credits, property tax exemptions, and excise tax exemptions. For example: 3. It’s energy production Holbrook et al. ‘9 (Mark Holbrook, Advisory Engineer, Jim Kinsey, Director of Regulatory Affairs, Greg Gibbs, Project Director, “NGNP Licensing Plan”, Idaho National Laboratory Document ID: PLN-3202 Revision ID: 0 Effective Date: 06/26/09 Plan Project No. 29980 The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) will be a licensed commercial HTGR plant AND is also intended to directly support future replication and deployment of multiple HTGRs. Plan is not research- it is commercial license Burns et al. ‘7 (NGNP and Hydrogen Production Preconceptual Design Report NGNP-20-RPT-005 Special Study 20.6 – Licensing and Permitting Study , 1/29/2007 Edward Burns Energy and the Environment, Consultant Charles Kling Company: Westinghouse Electric Company Stewart Long Westinghouse Electric Company Carl Mazzola Shaw Group Stanley E. Ritterbusch Westinghouse Electric Company Valentina Shkolnik Westinghouse Electric Company However, the above Section 50.22 of NRC regulations indicates that a utilization AND -case basis (further discussed in Section 20.6.4). Solv There is a licensing plan in place- its fast and effective Holbrook et al. ‘9 (Mark Holbrook, Advisory Engineer, Jim Kinsey, Director of Regulatory Affairs, Greg Gibbs, Project Director, “NGNP Licensing Plan”, Idaho National Laboratory Document ID: PLN-3202 Revision ID: 0 Effective Date: 06/26/09 Plan Project No. 29980 The DOE and NRC staffs believe that the recommended licensing process will greatly reduce both AND obtaining regulatory approval based on HTGR technology as applied to the NGNP Project. Plan has a unique export pathway Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012 Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan, AND facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs. Prolif Prolif causes more conventional war Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have AND : Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Regional instability: The spread of nuclear weapons also emboldens nuclear powers contributing to regional AND , any one of those crises could result in a catastrophic nuclear exchange. 2AC- Elections- Obama Good- Current Missile D tensions inevitable under both presidents- only nuclear coop solves Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin) This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency. AND could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap. Romney wins- polls, momentum, swing states Stoddard 10-18 A.B., associate editor of The Hill. “Obama spinning toward a loss” President Obama is losing. So says the latest Gallup poll, and so do AND three weeks to go it's hard to see where he finds that excitement. Jobs report thumps Satran 10-19 Richard Satran Political and economist analyst, , CNBC writer, previously worked for Independent, Thomson Reuters, and Fidelity Investments Education BA, Journalism and History at University of Wisconsin-Madison Richard, writer for US News, “How the Last Word of the Election Goes to the Market” The first Friday in November looms as the biggest day remaining before the presidential election AND says Veru. "Unfortunately, Main Street looks only at the rate." DA is triggered- we’ll insert the start of their article into the debate- all non-unique Mick 6/19 (Jason Daily Tech, Obama Fights For Nuclear, Environmentalists Label Him a Shill http://www.dailytech.com/Obama+Fights+For+Nuclear+Environmentalists+Label+Him+a+Shill/article18781.htm) Breaking with many members of his party, U.S. President Barack Obama AND permanent jobs and provide as much as 2.5 GW of power. THEIR CARD BEGINS Despite these small victories, President Obama's nuclear vision faces many impending obstacles. AND compete with the most expensive forms of nuclear energy, like solar power. And perhaps the biggest obstacle to Obama's nuclear vision will come in 2012. That is the year when he will face reelection. That may prove challenging given that one of his former key constituent groups—the environmental lobby—has become one of his staunchest critics. Regardless, the U.S. is making its first true nuclear progress in 30 years, and that is among the many factors that will already make President Obama's presidency noteworthy. Other issues far outweigh energy Farnam ‘12 (Washington Post politics and business reporter (T.W. "Energy issue gets jolt of ads," Washington Post, 6-29-12, l/n, accessed 8-27-12, mss) Energy issues don't spark much excitement among voters, ranking below health care, education AND asked to rank their top issues, fewer than 1 percent mention energy. Personality outweighs policies and it’s too late to change voters minds Beinart ‘12 (2012 Peter Beinart nytimes.com Peter Alexander Beinart is an American political pundit. A former editor of The New Republic, he has written for Time, The New York Times, The New York Review of Books among other periodicals, and is the author of three books. He is associate professor of journalism and political science at City University of New York, senior political writer for The Daily Beast Back in 2004, I debated Jonah Goldberg about the presidential election. Bush will AND as people. And for better or worse, that may matter more. No one pays hears about the plan Wood ‘12 (Elisa, energy reporter, "What Voters Don't Know About Energy" AOL Energy -- August 8 -- energy.aol.com/2012/08/08/what-voters-don-t-know-about-energy/?icid=trending1) Funny thing about Americans. We've got strong opinions about what's wrong with energy, AND over President Obama's decision to deny the project a presidential permit in January. Plan gets balanced and bundled into the annual energy bill HAC ’12 (US House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, Washington, April 25 “Fiscal Year 2013 Energy and Water Appropriations Bill Approved by Appropriations Committee” http://appropriations.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=292584 The House Appropriations Committee today approved the fiscal year 2013 Energy and Water and Related AND competitiveness and get people back to work here at home,” Frelinghuysen said. Latest polls prove the plan is overwhelmingly popular and nobody can oppose Global Newswire ‘9-19 (http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/news.html?d=10005668 Date: September 19, 2012 15:45 ET Americans' Support for Nuclear Energy Solidifies, New National Survey Shows WASHINGTON, Sept. 19, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Americans continue to AND issues," said Alex Flint, NEI senior vice president for governmental affairs. Nuclear wins the election- opposition is impossible and nuclear is key to jobs Hartmann, 12 -- SLM co-owner (Ray, "Think Again," St. Louis Magazine, June 2012, www.stlmag.com/St-Louis-Magazine/June-2012/Think-Again-Nuclear-Power-Debate-Returns-to-Missouri-Politics/, accessed 9-4-12, mss) Yes, nuclear power is back as a political issue, and again it’s the AND with peripheral detail such as environmental-safety or public-health concerns. Winners win Creamer ‘11 political strategist for over four decades (Robert, he and his AND _1167491.html, accessed 9-1-12, mss) 2). Strength and victory are enormous political assets. Going into the New Year AND you have them on the run - that's the time to chase them. Nat Gas No natural gas- gas productivity and reserve size over-estimated-~-- insider knowledge proves Urbina, 11 -- NY Times staff (Ian, "Insiders Sound an Alarm Amid a Natural Gas Rush," NY Times, 6-25-11, www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/us/26gas.html?pagewanted=all, accessed 6-4-12, mss) Natural gas companies have been placing enormous bets on the wells they are drilling, AND had recouped their estimated costs by the time they were seven years old. Alt cause – federal regulation Hoover 12, Kent, Washington Bureau Chief- Phoenix Business Journal “Industry: EPA fracking rules would reduce oil, gas production,” March 23^rd, http:~/~/www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2012/03/23/epa-fracking-rules-would-reduce.html?page=html?page=all New federal regulations for hydraulic fracturing would significantly reduce oil and natural gas production in AND of regulations can cause real harm, especially for small businesses and startups.” Plan irrelevant- prices too low to incentivize drilling Harder, 12 -- National Journal energy correspondent (Amy, "The Price Isn't Right," National Journal Daily AM, 1-31-12, l/n, accessed 9-5-12, mss) For the United States to really capitalize on all the natural gas President Obama is AND until prices reach a level where it becomes more profitable to produce gas. No shift- we’ll just use more fuel overall Shearlock, 11 -- Co-operative Group sustainable development manager (Chris, "Shale gas is not a credible 'new green message'," Guardian, 4-13-11, www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/apr/13/shale-gas-green-message, accessed 6-2-12, mss) But surely shale gas is good news at the global level, if it will AND economy that doesn't have a carbon cap and is failing to displace coal. US economy collapsing now- will take the world down with it Means 10/25 (Grady Means, Global leader of PricewaterhouseCooper's strategy consulting practice“MEANS: U.S. economy on schedule to crash March 2014”, http:~/~/www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/oct/25/us-economy-on-schedule-to-crash-march-2014/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/oct/25/us-economy-on-schedule-to-crash-march-2014/, October 25, 2012) America’s fall will take global economies with it Those wild and crazy Mayans put down AND recovery” and that “things are getting better” is an illusion. Nuclear industry key to manufacturing Adams ’10 (Rod Adams. Naval War College diploma in National Policy and Strategy (with highest honors) May 2003 - GPA 4.0, Pro-nuclear advocate with small nuclear plant operating and design experience. Former submarine Engineer Officer. Founder, Adams Atomic Engines, Inc. Host and producer, The Atomic Show Podcast, “Nuclear Industry Can Lead a Revival in Skilled Labor and Manufacturing in the United States”, http:~/~/atomicinsights.com/2010/11/html, November 15, 2010, LEQ) The Nuclear Energy Institute, the American Nuclear Society and the North American Young Generation AND of new careers and economic expansion. In fact, it already has. Commitment to new nuclear is key to the economy Zawatsky ‘8 (Jay Zawatsky, The National Interest, 04.09.2008, “Inside Track: Going Nuclear on Energy”) The mainstream media and petty politicians would have Americans believe that we are faced with AND interest rates and energy security, would move higher in a sustainable way. 2AC- Hydrogen Addon Hydrogen use is inevitable- HTGR’s are key to soft landing - Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198) Capable of Providing High Temperature Process Heat for Central Plant Scale Hydrogen Production—Hydrogen AND heat temperatures that exceed all reactor concepts except the High Temperature Gas Reactor. Hydrogen soft landing is key to solve extinction Rifkin ‘2 (Economist and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends Jeremy Rifkin, “The dawn of the Hydrogen economy: when there is no more oil or gas … the next great commercial revolution,” RMA Journal, Oct, 2002url:http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/, pg. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/ai_n14897180/pg_5/?tag=content;col1 Experts had been saying that we had another 40 or so years of cheap available AND leap forward for the whole of the world economy in the coming decades. Other K- 2AC Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change- changes both individuals and states Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http:~/~/www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political AND (DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security. Not impact or root cause- war causes their impacts Goldstein ‘1 (Professor of International Relations at American University, 2001 (Joshua S., War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, pp.411-412) First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working AND on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate. HTGR desalination is key to solve extinction - Nisana ‘6** (Utilisation of waste heat from GT‑MHR and PBMR reactors for nuclear desalination Saied Dardoura, Simon Nisana, Francoise Charbitb "CEA, Cadarache, F‑13108, Saint Paul‑lez‑Durance, France Tel. +33 (4) 42 25 4628; Fax: +33 (4) 42 25 3635; email: simon.nisan@cea.frurl:email: bUniversité Paul Cezanne, LPPE, F‑13090 Aix‑en‑Provence, France Received 9 March 2006; Accepted 23 March 2006 The gas turbine‑modular helium cooled reactor (GT‑MHR) is currently AND to use, where possible, simple and general thermodynamic principles, such as The perm solves – they cause political paralysis and make ideology unmanageable – alt can’t solve on its own* Schatz ‘12 (JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-‐Of-‐ The-‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012)) Despite the merits of ontological ecocriticism, using it to prohibit ecocritical appeals for concrete AND can we see past the current imperial enframing and inspire true collective action. Engaging the state is key Eckersly ‘4 (Robyn Eckersly, professor of political science at the School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, 2004 the green state: rethinking democracy and sovereignty, p.5-6 While acknowledging the basis for this antipathy toward the nation-state, and the AND ecological emancipation without also engaging with and seeking to transform state power. Util is key- the k is complicit in injustice and ineffective Isaac 2 (Jeffrey, Professor of PoliSci @ Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD Yale, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol 49 Issue 2) As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Nuclear technocracy’s key Nordhaus 11, chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http:~/~/thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta) Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology, AND simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature.
	01/03/2013	1AC - RD 1 USC Tournament: USC \| Round: 1 \| Opponent: OU BC \| Judge: Doowon Chung Plan- Coast The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. Inherency- Coast Federal funding has been cut for the HTGR project- this will destroy chances for commercialization Gibbs ’11 (December 2011 NGNP Project 2011 Status and Path Forward December 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DEAC07-05ID14517 Greg A Gibbs The result of the Secretary’s letter is that the NGNP Project at INL will be AND business cases can be built around the economics of HTGR nuclear energy systems. Funding for HTGR’s was slashed- Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012 The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels. AND not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005. Emissions- Coast Contention Two is Emissions Warming is real and anthropogenic- newest studies Romm ’12 (10-15 Joe, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Ten Charts That Make Clear The Planet Just Keeps Warming” ThinkProgress http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/10/15/1014151/ten-charts-that-make-clear-the-planet-just-keeps-warming/ “The decadal land-surface average temperature using a 10-year moving average AND “How Can It Be Warming When It’s (Almost) Always Cooling?“) The best new unbiased studies prove warming is occurring Plait ’11 (New independent climate study confirms global warming is real http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/21/new-independent-climate-study-confirms-global-warming-is-real/ October 21st, 2011 Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science. The study is called the Berkeley Earth Project (BEP), and what they found AND warming trends show up even if an individual result may be low quality. Prefer these peer-reviewed studies- evidence to the contrary is flawed Stephens ’11 (Home » Vol 21 No 22 Bad week for Pell and AND authored with Donald R Rothwell, is The International Law of the Sea. The last couple of weeks have not been a good time to be a climate AND the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be. Nuclear is key to avoids emissions which will kill millions and ensure extinction from warming Ropeik ’12 (The Historic Roots, and Impacts, of Our Nuclear Fear David Ropeik is an instructor at Harvard, a consultant in risk perception, and author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. June 25, 2012 \| David Ropeik Originally published at Risk: Reason and Reality at Big Think. The Cuban missile crisis took place less than a month later, terrifying us, AND impedes development of nuclear power as one way to deal with climate change. Action on climate change is crucial even in the face of uncertainty - big picture claims are still true Mann ’12 (9/24/12 - Director of Penn State’s Earth System Science Center, Michael Mann authored ‘Dire Predictions’ and ‘The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars.’ This article was also published in the Huffington Post, FiveThirtyEight: The Number of Things Nate Silver Gets Wrong About Climate Change, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/24/898561/fivethirtyeight-the-number-of-things-nate-silver-gets-wrong-about-climate-change/ I suspect that Nate’s failing here arises from a sort of cultural bias. There AND also published at Huffington Post and was reprinted with permission from the author. Allowing warming to continue perpetuates racist inequalities Hoerner 8—Former director of Research at the Center for a Sustainable Economy, Director of Tax Policy at the Center for Global Change at the University of Maryland College Park, and editor of Natural Resources Tax Review. He has done research on environmental economics and policy on behalf of the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Andrew received his B.A. in Economics from Cornell University and a J.D. from Case Western Reserve School of Law—AND—Nia Robins—former inaugural Climate Justice Corps Fellow in 2003, director of Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative (J. Andrew, “A Climate of Change African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S.” July 2008, http://www.ejcc.org/climateofchange.pdf) Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One AND points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent. Every bit of reduced emissions is good- lowers the damage and risk of extinction Nuccitelli ’12 (9-1 Dana Nuccitelli is an environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. This piece was originally published at Skeptical Science and was reprinted with permission. “Realistically What Might The Future Climate Look Like?” ThinkProgress http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/01/784931/realistically-what-might-the-future-climate-look-like/ Clearly our CO2 emissions have not yet peaked – in fact they increased by 1 AND adapt to the climate change consequences we have discussed here (Figure 4). Warming causes extinction Deibel ‘7 (Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2”) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. Solvency- Coast Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes AND for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments. While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will AND because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal. HTGR’s are crucial to international cooperation Spurgeon ‘6 (June 12, 2006 Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Asst. Secretary Dennis Spurgeon Department of Energy STATEMENT OF DENNIS SPURGEON ASSISTANT SECRETARY OFFICE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE JUNE 12, 2006 In 2001, the Department led an international effort to develop a roadmap for the AND This is a key consideration in the design and performance of the reactor. More federal funding for HTGR’s is required to solve warming Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012 Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan, AND facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs. HTGR’s are the only way to solve warming- solves industrial heat use and creates emission free fuels Moore ’11 (The HTGR is a game changer Posted on August 1, 2011 by dyurman\| 4 Comments By Fred Moore Fred Moore is the executive director of NGNP Industry Alliance, Ltd. He is also the global director of manufacturing and technology for the energy business of The Dow Chemical Company, where he is responsible for the safe and reliable production of power, steam, and other utilities for Dow globally. In spite of Japan’s Fukushima nuclear crisis and negative reverberations around the world, there AND trillion in GDP, and tens of thousands of high paying construction jobs. HTGR’s are key to solve warming- solves electricity sector, transportation, and industrial applications Spencer ‘9 (April 7, 2009 Where Is Nuclear Energy in the Markey-Waxman Energy Bill? by Jack Spencer WebMemo #2386, Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Congressmen Ed Markey (D-MA) and Henry Waxman (D-CA AND goals set forth by the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. Nuclear is sustainable and doesn’t cause emissions Gronlund 7 )Nuclear power in a Warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, Lisbeth Gronlund; David Lochbaum; Edwin Lyman, Union of Concerned Scientists, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear-power-in-a-warming-world.pdf Nuclear power plants do not produce global warming emissions when they operate. However, AND of the nuclear power life cycle would result in very low emissions. 7 Only nuclear solves warming – only empirical models prove. Menyah 10 (Kojo, Yemane Wolde-Rufael, Professor of Economics at London Metropolitan Business School, London Metropolitan, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in the US, January / February 2010, Accessed Online @ Elseiver, Energy Policy 38 (2010) 2911–2915) Abstract This study explores the causal relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, AND the rest of the world to follow (Adamantiades and Kessides, 2009). HTGR’s solve the waste problem Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198) 4. Nuclear Waste Management: The proper and secure management of spent nuclear fuel AND provide another waste management option in addition to the proposed Advanced Burner Reactor. Relying on individual-level strategies in the context of warming Monbiot ‘4 (George Monbiot, journalist, academic, and political and environmental activist, 2004, Manifesto for a New World Order, p. 11-13 The quest for global solutions is difficult and divisive. Some members of this movement AND to prevent climate change from destroying the conditions it requires for its survival. Advocating state action is only way to create effective change in energy policy and solve the environment Hager ’92 (, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70) During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to overcome its defensive posture and implement AND a space for a delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61 Nuclear technocracy’s key –using the state is key and works Nordhaus 11, chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta) Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology, AND simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature. Policy and economic solutions are the only way to prevent extinction from warming Wagner ‘11 Gernot, “But Will the Planet Notice? How Smart Economics Can Save the World.” Hill and Wang Press, p. 11-12 The fundamental forces guiding the behavior of billions are much larger than any one of AND than continue on the present path right off the edge of a cliff. Engaging the state is key- can’t solve environmental destruction without it Eckersly ‘4 (Robyn Eckersly, professor of political science at the School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, 2004 the green state: rethinking democracy and sovereignty, p.5-6 While acknowledging the basis for this antipathy toward the nation-state, and the AND ecological emancipation without also engaging with and seeking to transform state power. Our discussions of HTGRs is key to stimulate public advocacy Isham 2010 (Jon, “The Promise of Deliberative Democracy”, The Solutions Journal Volume 1 Issue 5 Page 25-27, http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/775) Getting to 350 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere will require massive investments in AND Minnesota, Colorado, North Dakota, Kansas, and New Mexico).9 Simulation and institutional deliberation are valuable and motivate effective responses to climate risks Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf) Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience AND engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making. State and international approach is key Held and Hervey 9 David Held is Graham Wallas Professor of Political Science and Co-Director of LSE Global Governance at the London School of Economics. Angus Fane Hervey is a Doctoral Student and Ralph Miliband Scholar in the Department of Government at the London School of Economics. www.policy-network.net/publications_download.aspx?ID=3426 The key role of the state In all of these challenges, states remain AND democracy could be said to have tragically trumped democratic agency and deliberative capacity.
	01/03/2013	1AC - RD 3 USC Tournament: USC \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Kansas CG \| Judge: Chin Plan- Coast The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. Thumpers- Coast Huge laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. SMR grants were just given out Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors AND Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement. More grants coming Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41 However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a AND safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.” US nuclear expansion now- uprating Plumer ‘12 (Brad Plumer, “How to expand nuclear power without attracting (too much) attention”, Washington Post, 7-18-2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/18/how-to-increase-nuclear-power-without-attracting-attention/) Since the 1970s, construction on new nuclear reactors in the United States has largely AND reactors—and during a period when fresh plants were impossible to build. Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable- best new projections McDonald and Rogner ‘12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012 In his address to the IAEA's 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano AND a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan's electricity mix. However, federal funding has been cut for the HTGR project- this will destroys commercialization Gibbs ’11 (December 2011 NGNP Project 2011 Status and Path Forward December 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DEAC07-05ID14517 Greg A Gibbs The result of the Secretary’s letter is that the NGNP Project at INL will be AND business cases can be built around the economics of HTGR nuclear energy systems. Funding for HTGR’s was slashed- kills leadership Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012 The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels. AND not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005. Water- Coast Water shortages are killing millions and will cause extinction- only new reactors can solve Nisan ‘7 ( The report was prepared by S. Nisan (France). The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was B.M. Misra of the Division of Nuclear Power. STATUS OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION IN IAEA MEMBER STATES IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1524 ISBN 92–0–112806–1 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 2007 (Gender Modified) Water is indispensable for the very existence of humankind and for AND capacities would lead to more than double the amounts given above 2. Specifically, HTGRS are the only way to solve coming water shortages- models and studies prove Nisan ‘7 (Utilisation of waste heat from GT MHR and PBMR reactors AND issue 1-3 February 5, 2007. p. 254-268 The gas turbine modular helium cooled reactor (GT MHR) is currently AND reactor to the desalination process; • characteristics of the desalination process itself. Water shortages cause extinction NASCA ‘6 (NASCA 06 National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation “Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html) Water is one of the prime essentials for life as we know it. The AND ourselves with a nightmare situation for which there will be no obvious answer. Central Asian water scarcity kills stability and US cooperation in the region Dinar et al. ’12 (SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of AND , Aaron T. Wolf October 18, 2012 Article Summary and Author Biography UP IN THE ARAL Another water basin of concern is the Aral Sea, AND , freshwater will only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions. Centrial Asian instability goes nuclear Blank 2k (Stephen J. - Expert on the Soviet Bloc for the Strategic Studies Institute, “American Grand Strategy and the Transcaspian Region”, World Affairs. 9-22) Thus many structural conditions for conventional war or protracted ethnic conflict where third parties intervene AND 5) neither has willing proxies capable of settling the situation.(77) US Central Asian cooperation is key to Afghan stability and broader stability Nichol ’12 (Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs September 19, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33458 U.S. policy toward the Central Asian states has aimed at facilitating their AND how to balance these varied U.S. interests in the region. Afghanistan instability causes multiple global nuclear wars Carafano ’10 (Con: Obama must win fast in Afghanistan or risk new wars across the globe By JAMES JAY CARAFANO Saturday, Jan. 2, 2010 James Jay Carafano is a senior research fellow for national security at The Heritage Foundation and directs its Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies. There’s little chance Kabul will become Saigon 1968. If the war in Afghanistan starts AND a puny EU military force incapable of defending the interests of its nations. Water scarcity causes Pakistan collapse RT ‘12 (Russia today, citing an intelligence report from The Office of the Director of National Intelligence “Global 'water war' threat by 2030 - US intelligence,” March 22nd, http://rt.com/news/water-conflict-terrorism-rivers-239/) And while the prospect of “water wars” has been touted for decades, AND , with “more powerful upstream nations impeding or cutting off downstream flow.” Pakistan instability causes nuclear war Pitt ‘9 (New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence." (5/8/09, William, “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=commentaryandarticle=2183) But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car packed with explosives into a jeep AND to be gravely serious about addressing the situation. So should we all. Russia- Coast US-Russian tensions are high now- only advanced nuclear power cooperation can resolve other tensions and resilient broader cooperation Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin) This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency. AND could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap. HTGR’s are key to Russian co-op- key to solve prolif, nuclear reductions, nuclear industry, and broader relations Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE's NNSA and AND could expand these positive impacts and serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases. HTGR’s jumpstart cooperation and spillover to broader relations Khlopkov ’11 (A Peaceful Atom 27 march 2011 Anton Khlopkov Nuclear Rapprochement Between Moscow and Washington Anton Khlopkov is Director of the Center for Energy and Security Studies in Moscow; Editor-in-Chief of Nuclear Club journal. Another promising area for cooperation is developing innovative nuclear power reactor technologies, including fast AND energy cooperation between Russia and the United States, especially during Congressional debates. Nuclear cooperation is the only safe haven for diplomacy Gottemoeller ‘8 (“One Way to Save the Relationship” 27 August 2008, By Rose Gottemoeller, Rose Gottemoeller is director of the Carnegie Moscow Center.) For anyone who cares deeply about U.S.-Russian relations, events in AND continued diplomacy, even when U.S.-Russian relations have deteriorated. Nuclear cooperation creates resiliency and motivation to maintain relations Einhorn et al ‘8 (Robert, Rose Gottemoeller, Fred McGoldrick, Daniel Poneman, Jon Wolfsthal, “The U.S.-Russia Civil Nuclear Agreement A Framework for Cooperation”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2008, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080522-einhorn-u.s.-russia-web.pdf) Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly, that a 123 AND to additional civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism. Russian relations are critical to prevent major power conflict in every global hotspot Nixon Center ‘3 (“Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT,” SEPTEMBER 2K3 HTTP://WWW.NIXONCENTER.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM) The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any AND states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support. Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terrorism Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department AND material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission." The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of AND nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high. Terrorism causes nuclear war Hellman ‘8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a AND to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia. US-Russia cooperation is key to leadership against nuclear terrorism Habiger et al. ’12 (US and Russia work together against threat of nuclear terrorism Innovative Elbe Group urges coordination to warn against nuclear menace. The Elbe GroupMarch 20, 2012 13:45 The members of the Elbe Group: General Eugene Habiger USAF (ret), former Commander in Chief of Strategic Command; General of the Army (ret) Anatoliy S. Kulikov, former Minister of Interior Affairs; LTG Franklin Hagenbeck USA (ret), former Superintendent US Military Academy; General of the Army (ret) Valentin V. Korabelnikov, former Head of General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate, Russian Federation; LTG Michael Maples USA (ret), former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency; General Colonel (ret) Anatoliy E. Safonov, former First Deputy Director of FSB and former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Robert Dannenberg, former Chief of Operations for Counterterrorism, CIA; General Colonel (ret) Vladimir N. Verkhovtsev, former Head of 12th GUMO Nuclear Directorate; Mr. Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, former Director of Intelligence and Counterintelligence at DOE; Colonel (ret) Vladimir Y. Goltsov, former Ministry of Interior and MinAtom; Brigadier General Kevin Ryan USA (ret), former Defense Attache to Moscow. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/commentary/us-and-russia-work-together-against-threat-nuclear-terrorism Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including forming AND mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues. Perception of leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war Bin ‘9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li AND University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. ) The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is AND problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war. Solvency- Coast Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes AND for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments. While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will AND because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal. More federal funding for HTGR’s is key Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012 Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan, AND facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs. Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, ) The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among AND D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable. HTGR’s are crucial to international cooperation Spurgeon ‘6 (June 12, 2006 Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Asst. Secretary Dennis Spurgeon Department of Energy STATEMENT OF DENNIS SPURGEON ASSISTANT SECRETARY OFFICE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE JUNE 12, 2006 In 2001, the Department led an international effort to develop a roadmap for the AND This is a key consideration in the design and performance of the reactor. Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success Gibbs and Soto ‘9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that AND in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.
	01/05/2013	1AC - Octas USC Tournament: USC \| Round: Octas \| Opponent: UMW MM \| Judge: Plan The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled prismatic reactor energy production funding in the United States. Inherency Huge laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. SMR grants were just given out Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors AND Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement. Even more grants coming Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41 However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a AND safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.” US nuclear expansion now- uprating Plumer ‘12 (Brad Plumer, “How to expand nuclear power without attracting (too much) attention”, Washington Post, 7-18-2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/18/how-to-increase-nuclear-power-without-attracting-attention/) Since the 1970s, construction on new nuclear reactors in the United States has largely AND reactors—and during a period when fresh plants were impossible to build. Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable- best new projections McDonald and Rogner ‘12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012 In his address to the IAEA's 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano AND a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan's electricity mix. HTGR funding has been eliminated – No reactor will be built Linscott ‘11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed, AND , a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University. Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace AND favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington. Adv 1 Failure to fund HTGRs crushes Generation 4 leadership Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012 The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels. AND not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005. More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership- specifically with Japan, China, South Africa Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will AND because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal. HTGR’s are crucial to Generation 4 cooperation- it's the key design Spurgeon ‘6 (June 12, 2006 Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Asst. Secretary Dennis Spurgeon Department of Energy STATEMENT OF DENNIS SPURGEON ASSISTANT SECRETARY OFFICE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE JUNE 12, 2006 In 2001, the Department led an international effort to develop a roadmap for the AND This is a key consideration in the design and performance of the reactor. HTGR cooperation is key to South Africa relations Yurman ‘9 (Energy Sec Chu saves PBMR Pebble Bed Project Like it? AND on uranium mining in the western U.S. Link to original post U.S. Department of Energy officials today know what it is like to AND . Cheers can be heard in Idaho Falls all the way from Pretoria. South Africa relations are key to solve great power competition in Africa and pandemics Underwood ‘6 (Underwood is assistant professor of economics at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Underwood, T.L., 2008, ‘US Relations with South Africa: Why now is a critical time to strengthen them’ African Security R eview, 17, 1, March, pp. 6-19. United States relations with South Africa: Why now is a critical time to strengthen them African Security Review 17.1 Institute for Security Studies Allowing the problems that exist in Africa to ‘fix themselves’ is not an option AND decreasing the intervention needed from the US and bodies such as the UN. Africa instability escalates to great power war Glick ‘7 (Dec. 10, 2007 Caroline Glick , THE JERUSALEM POST) The Horn of Africa is a dangerous and strategically vital place. Small wars, AND states of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Kenya. Disease cause extinction Keating, 9 (Foreign Policy web editor (Joshua, "The End of the World," Foreign Policy, 11-13-9, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, accessed 9-7-12, mss) How it could happen: Throughout history, plagues have brought civilizations to their knees AND . Biological weapons experimentation has added a new and just as troubling complication. New safe nuclear cooperation is key to the US Japan alliance Armitage and Nye 12 (Richard L. Armitage and Joseph S. Nye, “The U.S.-Japan Alliance anchoring stability in Asia”, Report of the CSIS Japan Chair, Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 2012, http://csis.org/files/publication/120810_Armitage_USJapanAlliance_Web.pdf) Current discourse on Japan is plagued with diction on “crises,” “challenges AND resume a leadership role in promoting safe reactor designs and sound regulatory practices. US Japanese alliance is key to solve multiple nuclear wars Calder 9 (Kent E., director of the Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies. “Pacific Alliance” Page:217. 8/24/2009) As we have noted previously, the alliance continues to play some enduring roles in AND helping stabilize global finance and trade systems crucial to Japanese well-being. Generation 4 coop is key to Chinese nuclear weapons dialogue- solves nuclear tensions Weitz ‘7 (WESTINGHOUSE REACTOR SALE REINFORCES U.S.-CHINA BILATERAL COLLABORATIONS February 2007 Issue, Richard Weitz, Hudson Institute and Jing-Dong Yuan, Monterey Institute Center for Nonproliferation Studies Beyond the Westinghouse purchase, Chinese officials have indicated interest in cooperating with the United AND improved safeguards to counter the danger that nuclear materials or technologies might be stolen This nuclear dialogue is key to solve nuclear war Fisher ’11 (MAX FISHER – International policy expert, associate editor at The Atlantic, editor of the the International channel, focusing on strategic and international policy “5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War” After 10 years of close but unproductive talks, the U.S. and AND kind of groundwork the U.S. and China can lay now. Adv 2 Current reactors fail- we need new HTGR’s for successful coal to liquids Anderson ’12 (February 06, 2012 Zark Anderson, Science and Technology expert and author, “Next Generation Reactor in Need of Funding” Temperature requirements of potential applications compared with LWR and HTGR operating temperatures. Image Credit: Department of Energy Most commercial reactors in the U.S. are of the Light Water Reactor AND need to agree on the importance and priority of the next generation reactor. HTGR coal to liquid is economically competitive Yurman ’12 (Yurman NGNP an essential option for the global energy future Posted on AND for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments. Fred’s enthusiasm for the HTGR design comes through in his description of its features. AND competitive with fossil fuels. That should bring customers running,” Moore says. HTGR’s are key to liquid coal- that's key to energy security and reducing energy costs Mahoney ’12 (Steam Cycle HTGR to Provide Sustainable Energy Source for Process Heat Users Social Media Tools More Sharing ServicesShare Print Email Save Sponsored by FLSmidth 04/01/2012 By John Mahoney, NGNP Industry Alliance Limited The NGNP Industry Alliance recently selected the Areva steam cycle high temperature gas-cooled AND industrial sector and providing sustainability for key industries that make modern lifestyle possible. HTGR’s are key to coal to liquid- that's key to energy security and stabilizing energy prices Gibbs and Mills ’11 (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics August 2011 Revision 1 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Phillip Mills, Engineering Director, Greg Gibbs, Project Director The NGNP Project is developing and enabling the initial commercial deployment of the high temperature AND natural gas prices over the last decade), and reducing CO2 emissions.1 Controlling energy costs is key to avoid great power war Toradze ‘9 (February 10, 2009 at 16:52:27 Why we need nuclear power. by John Toradze , John Toradze is the pen name of a scientist who ran an office in Tbilisi, Georgia for 5 years and traveled widely in Russia the former USSR nations and nearby. I have authored chapters for books published by the West Point terrorism center on (more...)) Seventh, in the midst of an economic meltdown that I think is going to AND except orbiting solar satellites can, and those aren't even on the table. CTL is key to reducing energy costs and retaining military effectiveness Sorensen ‘8 (Jim of Allentown is an Air Products and Chemicals Inc. retiree, consultant for several clean coal projects including CO2 sequestration, Good reasons abound for coal-to-liquid fuels, 5/6/8, http://articles.mcall.com/2008-05-06/opinion/4071681_1_oil-imports-ctl-economics, ) While different economic commentators may choose different words, it is obvious that the U AND kick-off of its construction will send an unmistakable message to OPEC. Dependence causes multiple war scenarios GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, “ Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security,” August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx, ) Oil dependence could reduce a state’s security if its access to oil is vulnerable to AND import oil will be uninterrupted and will pursue policies to ensure secure access. Specifically, Oil dependence causes nuclear conflicts with Iran GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, “ Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security,” August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx, ) *note – added of for grammar Energy dependence could draw the United States into a conflict in which a regional power AND a full-scale invasion or a conventional attack against their nuclear forces. CTL lowers oil revenues- that's key to democracy RAND ‘8 (Producing Liquid Fuels from Coal Prospects and Policy Issues James T. Bartis, Frank Camm, David S. Ortiz © Copyright 2008 RAND Corporation The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors The anticipated reduction in world oil prices associated with CTL development, or more generally AND .S. sentiments and possibly acts of terrorism against the United States. Oil revenues destroy democracy- consensus of scholarship agrees Sandalow ‘7 (David Sandalow, Energy and Environment Scholar at The Brookings Institution, “Ending Oil Dependence,” The Brookings Institution, January 22, 2007, http://www.brookings.edu/views/papers/fellows/sandalow20070122.pdf, ) Oil wealth also corrodes democratic institutions. This dynamic is not inevitable, but it AND more authoritarian rule. In Nigeria, oil abundance contributes to widespread corruption. Democracy solves extinction Diamond ‘95 Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, December, PROMOTING DEMOCRACY IN THE 1990S, 1995, p. http://www.carnegie.org//sub/pubs/deadly/diam_rpt.html Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons continue to proliferate. The very source of life AND their own citizens, who organize to protest the destruction of their environments. CTL is key to the air force Sirak, ‘6 (Michael, Defense Daily Correspondent, Vol. 231 No. 116, December 22, Lexis) As the Air Force nears the goal of certifying its B-52H bomber aircraft AND the Army and Navy on the introduction of alternative fuels, Bollinger noted. Liquid coal is crucial to an effective air force Dimotakis, ‘6 (Paul, The MITRE Corporation, Reducing DoD Fossil-Fuel Dependence, http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/fossil.pdf, December 09, 2006) Ethanol, however, has a 50% lower volumetric energy density than gasoline. AND performance of DoD platforms and opening up new mission capabilities for DoD forces. Air power is uniquely key to US power projection and global stability – prevents great power war Eaglen and Birkley ’12 (Mackenzie, Research Fellow for National Security Studies at the Heritage Foundation, former Presidential Management Fellow for the Department of Defense and Douglas A. Birkey, “Nearing Coffin Corner: US Air Power on the Edge” American Enterprise Institute National Security outlook no. 1, March 2012, http://aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/defense/nearing-coffin-corner-us-air-power-on-the-edge/http://aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/defense/nearing-coffin-corner-us-air-power-on-the-edge/) Air power stands as a cornerstone of the Obama administration’s recent decision to prioritize defense AND such investments encourages regional instability that may lead to miscalculation and ultimately conflict. Solvency- Coast Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes AND for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments. While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, ) The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among AND D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable. Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success Gibbs and Soto ‘9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that AND in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.
	01/05/2013	1AC - Quarters USC Tournament: USC \| Round: Quarters \| Opponent: Harvard DT \| Judge: Contention One is Inherency Huge laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. SMR grants were just given out Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors AND Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement. Even more grants coming Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41 However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a AND safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.” Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable- best new projections McDonald and Rogner ‘12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012 In his address to the IAEA's 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano AND a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan's electricity mix. HTGR funding has been eliminated – No reactor will be built Linscott ‘11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed, AND , a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University. Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace AND favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington. Funding for HTGR’s was slashed- kills leadership Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012 The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels. AND not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005. Adv 1 Russia US-Russian tensions are high now- only advanced nuclear power cooperation can resolve other tensions and resilient broader cooperation Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin) This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency. AND could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap. HTGR’s are key to Russian co-op- key to solve prolif, nuclear reductions, nuclear industry, and broader relations Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE's NNSA and AND could expand these positive impacts and serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases. HTGR’s jumpstart cooperation and spillover to broader relations Khlopkov ’11 (A Peaceful Atom 27 march 2011 Anton Khlopkov Nuclear Rapprochement Between Moscow and Washington Anton Khlopkov is Director of the Center for Energy and Security Studies in Moscow; Editor-in-Chief of Nuclear Club journal. Another promising area for cooperation is developing innovative nuclear power reactor technologies, including fast AND energy cooperation between Russia and the United States, especially during Congressional debates. Nuclear cooperation creates resiliency and motivation to maintain relations Einhorn et al ‘8 (Robert, Rose Gottemoeller, Fred McGoldrick, Daniel Poneman, Jon Wolfsthal, “The U.S.-Russia Civil Nuclear Agreement A Framework for Cooperation”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2008, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080522-einhorn-u.s.-russia-web.pdf) Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly, that a 123 AND to additional civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism. Russian relations are critical to prevent major power conflict in every global hotspot Nixon Center ‘3 (“Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT,” SEPTEMBER 2K3 HTTP://WWW.NIXONCENTER.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM) The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any AND states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support. HTGR’s are key to solve terrorism and weapons reductions Pomper ‘7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms AND affairs from Columbia University and a master's degree in journalism from Northwestern University. The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits AND reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year. Nuclear coop is key to weapons reductions Bunn ‘7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next AND Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995. The United States and Russia still possess massive stockpiles of plutonium and highly enriched uranium AND could strengthen international political support for measures to repair the global nonproliferation regime. Weapons reductions solve nuclear war Rybachenkov ’12 (A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF ARMS CONTROL AND MUTUAL DETERRENCE1 Vladimir Rybachenkov2 1 Text of presentation at the Fourth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, USA, February 14-17, 2012. 2 Senior Research Scientist, Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environment Studies Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents AND 1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states. Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terror Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department AND material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission." The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of AND nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high. Terrorism causes nuclear war Hellman ‘8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a AND to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia. US-Russia cooperation is key to leadership against nuclear terrorism Habiger et al. ’12 (US and Russia work together against threat of nuclear terrorism Innovative Elbe Group urges coordination to warn against nuclear menace. The Elbe GroupMarch 20, 2012 13:45 The members of the Elbe Group: General Eugene Habiger USAF (ret), former Commander in Chief of Strategic Command; General of the Army (ret) Anatoliy S. Kulikov, former Minister of Interior Affairs; LTG Franklin Hagenbeck USA (ret), former Superintendent US Military Academy; General of the Army (ret) Valentin V. Korabelnikov, former Head of General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate, Russian Federation; LTG Michael Maples USA (ret), former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency; General Colonel (ret) Anatoliy E. Safonov, former First Deputy Director of FSB and former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Robert Dannenberg, former Chief of Operations for Counterterrorism, CIA; General Colonel (ret) Vladimir N. Verkhovtsev, former Head of 12th GUMO Nuclear Directorate; Mr. Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, former Director of Intelligence and Counterintelligence at DOE; Colonel (ret) Vladimir Y. Goltsov, former Ministry of Interior and MinAtom; Brigadier General Kevin Ryan USA (ret), former Defense Attache to Moscow. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/commentary/us-and-russia-work-together-against-threat-nuclear-terrorism Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including forming AND mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues. Perception of leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war Bin ‘9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li AND University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. ) The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is AND problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war. Adv 2 Chem Coming energy shocks will kill the chemical industry Dooley ‘11 (The American Chemistry Council Statement for the Record House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures Subcommittee on Oversight September 22, 2011 Submitted by: Calvin M. Dooley President and Chief Executive Officer This is particularly true for America’s chemical industry, which uses natural gas as both AND 120,000 jobs as natural gas prices spiked not five years ago. HTGR’s are key to the chemical industry Gibbs and Mills ’11 (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics August 2011 Revision 1 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Phillip Mills, Engineering Director, Greg Gibbs, Project Director The NGNP Project is developing and enabling the initial commercial deployment of the high temperature AND biomass-to-liquid fuel conversion processes in the synthesis of ammonia. Chem industry key to solve extinction Baum ’99 (editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society's Chemical and Engineering News 1999 (Rudy M. Baum, CandE News, “Millennium Special Report,” 12-6-99, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html) The pace of change in today's world is truly incomprehensible. Science is advancing on AND up in real public fear of genetic manipulation and corporate control over food. Chem industry is key to aerospace Delpy and Pike ‘10 (Professor David Delpy FRS, chief executive at Oxford Economics, AND* Dr. Richard Pike, Ph.D. in chemical sciences, September 2010, “The economic benefits of chemistry research to the UK,” http://www.rsc.org/images/Economic_Benefits_of_Chemistry_Sep_2010_tcm18-191337.pdf Aerospace - The modern aerospace industry depends on high-performance products that are lightweight AND helping to improve the performance maintainability of the aircraft should not be underestimated. Aerospace solves heg and cyber terrorism Deloitte 12 \| (Deloitte is a consulting and financial advisory service, Report Commissioned by the Aerospace Industries Association, " The Aerospace and Defense Industry in the U.S. A financial and economic impact study," March, http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/deloitte_study_2012.pdf) Reductions in casualties in armed conflict Human casualties resulting from armed conflict have been declining AND continues to develop the next generation technologies to address these and future threats. History proves- only US leadership solves multiple world wars Khalilzad ‘11 (ZALMAY KHALILZAD FEBRUARY 8, 2011 4:00 A.M. The Economy and National Security — Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. We face this domestic challenge while other major powers are experiencing rapid economic growth. AND the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. Cyber-terrorism causes multiple pathways to nuclear war Fritz ‘9 – researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University (Jason, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July, http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf) This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons. AND its own, without the need for compromising command and control centres directly. Chem industry- specifically ammonia production- is key to food production Ritter ’8 (AUGUST 18, 2008 VOLUME 86, NUMBER 33 WEB EXCLUSIVE NITROGEN-FIXING THE WORLD The Haber-Bosch Reaction: An Early Chemical Impact On Sustainability Ammonia production helped boost global agriculture but also led to unsustainable population growth Steven K. Ritter Now that the concept of sustainability has grabbed global attention, chemists are contemplating new AND has had a more dramatic impact on Earth than Haber-Bosch chemistry. Fertilizers are key to stable global food supplies TFI ‘9 (The Fertilizer Institute, Trade Group that analyzes and represents the fertilizer industry, “The U.S. Fertilizer Industry and Climate Change Policy,” April 2 2009 Fertilizer nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – are all naturally occurring elements that AND disaster or substandard world harvest away from a full-scale food crisis. Stable food supplies are key to avoid multiple scenarios for extinction Lugar 2K (Richard Lugar, US Senator from Indiana, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, 2000) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. Contention 2 is Solvency Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes AND for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments. While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will AND because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal. Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, ) The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among AND D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable. This reactor is the best- cheapest, best licensing pathway, right temperature range, better tech, and key to process heat ELP ’12 (Nuclear Power: Small Modular Reactors - US warms to Areva's HTGR technology, but not too much. http://www.elp.com/index/from-the-wires/wire_news_display/1666630466.html Modern Power System May 15, 2012 The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Industry Alliance - a US based grouping of companies interested in promoting, developing and commercialising high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) technology, with a focus on process heat applications (petrochemicals, oil recovery, synfuel production) as well as power - has announced that it has selected Areva's HTGR technology as "the optimum design for next generation nuclear power plants." The Alliance describes its role as providing "a forum and focus to communicate industry needs and AND and 1987 as a cogeneration plant with fossil fuel as the heat source. Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success Gibbs and Soto ‘9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that AND in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners. US nuclear expansion now- uprating Plumer ‘12 (Brad Plumer, “How to expand nuclear power without attracting (too much) attention”, Washington Post, 7-18-2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/18/how-to-increase-nuclear-power-without-attracting-attention/) Since the 1970s, construction on new nuclear reactors in the United States has largely AND reactors—and during a period when fresh plants were impossible to build. Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND AND its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009 Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face AND it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy. DOE key- statutory authority and international agreements MIT ‘10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap: Report to Congress”, April 2010, http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-033-nuclear-systems-design-project-fall-2011/readings/MIT22_033F11_read_core_doe.pdf In the United States, it is the responsibility of industry to design, AND initiatives that bear directly on the development and deployment of new reactor systems. Fed key to industry and financial certainty Wallace ‘5 (President of Constellation Generation Group, Mike Wallace, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER 2010 INITIATIVE,” 4/26, lexis) The Department of Energy's Nuclear Power 2010 program is a necessary, but not sufficient AND necessary and appropriate investment in U.S. energy security.
	01/09/2013	2AC - Dubs - Fullerton Tournament: Fullerton \| Round: Dubs \| Opponent: Liberty LS \| Judge: *2AC AT: Past Failures Past failures weren’t technical and don’t impact the future Adams ’10 (Power Magazine Blog – Curmudgeon’s View: a Negative View of Gas Reactors (HTGR) Needing a Response Rod Adams • April 7, 2010 About Rod Adams Pro-nuclear advocate with small nuclear plant operating and design experience. Former submarine Engineer Officer. Founder, Adams Atomic Engines, Inc. Host and producer, The Atomic Show Podcast. Resume available here. Please subscribe to the Atomic Show RSS feed. Kennedy Maize published a Power Magazine blog post titled Curmudgeon’s View: Waste, DOE AND Within a year of that event, the order cancellations started rolling in. No shortage and immigration solves Reinhardt and Murray ’8, Sonya Reinhardt, Master of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences of Duke University, Dr. Brian Murray, Prof of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences of Duke University, May 2008“Economic Barriers to the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the United States”, http://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/526/MP_sbr7_a_200805.pdf A labor shortage is not a large enough barrier to stop an expansion of new AND extraction will continue to be viable for at least the next 50 years. Neolib- 2AC Util is key Isaac 2 (Jeffrey, Professor of PoliSci @ Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD Yale, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol 49 Issue 2) As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It AND not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Only nuclear power and using the state can solve Nordhaus 11, chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta) Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology, AND simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature. The system is resilient Lamy ’11(Pascal Lamy is the Director-General of the World Trade Organization. Lamy is Honorary President of Paris-based think tank Notre Europe. Lamy graduated from the prestigious Sciences Po Paris, from HEC and ÉNA, graduating second in his year of those specializing in economics. “System Upgrade” BY PASCAL LAMY \| APRIL 18, 2011) The bigger test came with the 2008-2009 Great Recession, the first truly AND enabling these countries to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. No impact to crisis Jervis ’11 (Robert Jervis 11, Professor in the Department of Political Science and School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, December 2011, “Force in Our Times,” Survival, Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 403-425 Even if war is still seen as evil, the security community could be dissolved AND times bring about greater economic conflict, it will not make war thinkable. Water shortages mass death and extinction- plan solves Nisan ‘7 ( The report was prepared by S. Nisan (France). The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was B.M. Misra of the Division of Nuclear Power. STATUS OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION IN IAEA MEMBER STATES IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1524 ISBN 92–0–112806–1 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 2007 (Gender Modified) Water is indispensable for the very existence of humankind and for AND capacities would lead to more than double the amounts given above 2. AT: Adv CP HTGR’s are key to cement US-India nuclear coop- solves relations and energy security Tellis ‘6 (U.S.-Indian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation and India’s Nuclear AND the RAND Corporation and professor of Policy Analysis at the RAND Graduate School. Fourth, the opportunity to import new nuclear reactors from abroad provides new benefits in AND canard regarding the effect of imported natural uranium on India’s nuclear weapons program. US India nuclear coop solves Indo-Pak war Kumar ‘8 (The U.S.-India Nuke Deal: U.S. Needs and Ambitions by Dr. Dheeraj Kumar, Sept, 2008 Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California., Dr. Dheeraj Kumar completed his PhD on “Indo-U.S. Relations: The Context of Globalization” from the Department of History, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India. Presently, he is working as a Lecturer of History at Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya “India has agreed for the first time in thirty years to take on key AND controlling sensitive Indian exports, and help prevent nuclear war on the subcontinent. Indian energy insecurity causes great power conflict Kaplan ‘9 (Robert D. Kaplan, a National Correspondent for The Atlantic AND , Issue 2, “Power Plays in the Indian Ocean”, LEQ) Thanks to the predictability of the monsoon winds, the countries on the Indian Ocean AND Ocean is where global struggles will play out in the twenty-first century States- 2AC Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND AND its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009 Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face AND also controls many of the risk factors which could give rise to regulatory delays in commencing commercial operation of a new nuclear project. Further, in the AND it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy. Fed key - industry and financial certainty Wallace ‘5 (President of Constellation Generation Group, Mike Wallace, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER 2010 INITIATIVE,” 4/26, lexis) The Department of Energy's Nuclear Power 2010 program is a necessary, but not sufficient AND necessary and appropriate investment in U.S. energy security. The counterplan will result in funding battles- kills solvency LAO ‘11 (legislative analyst’s office – California’s nonpartisan fiscal and policy advisor, “A Ten-Year Perspective: California Infrastructure Spending,” 8/25/2011, http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2011/stadm/infrastructure/infrastructure_082511.aspx) Transportation Funding Less Predictable. During the last ten years, there has been tension AND turn can lead to project delays that can often make projects more costly. States links to politics Kiely ‘12 EUGENE KIELY, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org “Did Obama ‘Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?” http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/ Who’s to blame, if that’s the right word, if the project ends up AND spending taxpayer money on Chinese firms to build U.S. bridges. Debt Ceiling- 2AC Debt ceiling hike inevitable – GOP will cave. Picht 1-1. Jim, columnist, phd in economics @ Texas AandM, "Fiscal cliff averted, Obama victorious, House caves" Washington Times Communities -- communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/stimulus/2013/jan/1/fiscal-cliff-averted-no/ Obama stated bluntly that he will not negotiate over the debt ceiling, drawing a line that the current GOP leadership will find hard to cross. Republicans who talk of tying a debt ceiling vote to spending cuts are going to be put on the defensive, and they've demonstrated that they don't have the spine for that. Hagel thumps Politico ‘1-6 (1-6-13, By SCOTT WONG and MANU RAJU \| 1/6/13 4:19 PM EST Navigate: POLITICO Congress, Chuck Hagel takes fire from Capitol Hill Chuck Hagel takes fire from Capitol Hill http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/chuck-hagel-takes-fire-from-capitol-hill-85805_Page3.html#ixzz2HKUIyMAF Senate Democrats and Republicans are far from sold on President Barack Obama’s expected nomination of AND has to get him across the finish line. Dems will hate this.” Nuclear has unanimous support Press Action ’12 (3/12/12 (“US Nuclear Industry Operates as if Fukushima Never Happened”) http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/ Both Democrats and Republicans have had a long love affair with commercial nuclear power, AND that the U.S. political system permits honest and real debate. HTGR lobby pushes the plan, not Obama Yurman ‘8 (Tuesday, April 8, 2008 Idaho lab's long range vision for NGNP Dan Yurman, Dan Yurman publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled 'Idaho Samizdat' http://djysrv.blogspot.com. It covers the nuclear energy industry globally including new reactor investments, economics, politics, and technologies. He is a frequent contributor to the ANS Nuclear Cafe http://ansnuclearcafe.org and to Fuel Cycle Week http://fuelcycleweek.com Simpson reports substantial increases in nuclear RandD funding and for cleanup For Idaho, with Sen. Larry Craig, a long-time advocate for AND some shortfalls for NGNP, Idaho isn't out of the running just yet. Pol Cap fails Klein ‘12 Ezra Klein is the editor of Wonkblog and a columnist at the Washington Post, as well as a contributor to MSNBC and Bloomberg, , “The Unpersuaded, Who listens to a President?”, March 19, 2012, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/03/19/120319fa_fact_klein?currentPage=all The experience helped to crystallize something that Lee had been thinking about. “Most AND might have the perverse effect of making it harder for him to govern. Plan gets balanced and bundled in the annual energy bill HAC ’12 (US House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, Washington, April 25 “Fiscal Year 2013 Energy and Water Appropriations Bill Approved by Appropriations Committee” http://appropriations.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=292584 The House Appropriations Committee today approved the fiscal year 2013 Energy and Water and Related AND competitiveness and get people back to work here at home,” Frelinghuysen said.
	01/09/2013	1AC - RD 5 - Oil Adv Tournament: Fullerton \| Round: 5 \| Opponent: MSU HR \| Judge: Contention 3 is Oil Current reactors fail- we need new HTGR’s for successful reduction of oil dependence Anderson ’12 (February 06, 2012 Zark Anderson, Science and Technology expert and author, “Next Generation Reactor in Need of Funding” Temperature requirements of potential applications compared with LWR and HTGR operating temperatures. Image Credit: Department of Energy Most commercial reactors in the U.S. are of the Light Water Reactor AND need to agree on the importance and priority of the next generation reactor. Only HTGRs can solve peak oil and oil dependence Fin ’12 (AL FIN NORTH AMERICA Energy and oil analyst and writer, 08 MAY 2012 Your Regularly Scheduled Peak Oil Doomsday Has Been Postponed Several Decades to Allow Humans to Convert to Advanced Nuclear Power The following article was adapted from multiple articles previously published at Al Fin Energy and Al Fin Potpourri blogs Using unconventional gas and gas hydrates as substitutes for crude oil in the production of AND of energy scarcity in order to move into a future of relative abundance. Oil shortages cause grid crash, food collapse, and extinction Urstadt ‘6 (Bryant Urstadt, writing for Harpers Magazine, “Imagine there’s no oil: scenes from a liberal apocalypse” Aug 2006 http://www.harpers.org/archive/2006/08/0081156 Accessed July 2012) As for what will happen after the oil runs out, Heinberg presented an unnerving AND terrible scenario, and for delivering it, Heinberg received a standing ovation. Solving oil shortages is key to prevent extinction- resource wars and oil shocks Henderson ‘7 (“Climate Change, Peak Oil And Nuclear War” http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson240207.htm) By Bill Henderson 24 February, 2007 We have three: The awakening public now know that climate change is real and AND to extinction for humanity and much of what we now recognize as nature. HTGR’s are key to solving oil dependence Gibbs and Mills ’11 (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics August 2011 Revision 1 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Phillip Mills, Engineering Director, Greg Gibbs, Project Director The NGNP Project is developing and enabling the initial commercial deployment of the high temperature AND natural gas prices over the last decade), and reducing CO2 emissions.1 Dependence causes multiple war scenarios GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, “ Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security,” August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx, ) Oil dependence could reduce a state’s security if its access to oil is vulnerable to AND import oil will be uninterrupted and will pursue policies to ensure secure access. Specifically, Oil dependence causes nuclear conflicts with Iran GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, “ Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security,” August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx, ) *note – added of for grammar Energy dependence could draw the United States into a conflict in which a regional power AND a full-scale invasion or a conventional attack against their nuclear forces. Oil dependence destroys US power projection in every global region Sussman ’12 (Michael Sussman, The writer conducted his graduate studies at the Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya. He served in the office of the Critic of International Cooperation in the Canadian House of Commons, where he conducted foreign policy analyses. He is currently the president of the strategic consulting firm Samuel Sussman Strategic Consulting Group. His forthcoming book is entitled, Multiple Modernities in the Contemporary Scene, “American military spending and oil dependency”, February 9, 2012, ) One of the most crucial problems facing the United States is whether it will be AND eliminated. Americans should ask themselves why these solutions are not being implemented. Power projection is key to solve multiple nuclear wars Kagan and O’Hanlon ‘7 (Frederick Kagan and Michael O’Hanlon 7, Fred’s a resident scholar at AEI, Michael is a senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April, http://www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf We live at a time when wars not only rage in nearly every region but AND Such a measure is not only prudent, it is also badly overdue. HTGR’s are key to solving energy costs and oil dependence Mahoney ’12 (Steam Cycle HTGR to Provide Sustainable Energy Source for Process Heat Users Social Media Tools More Sharing ServicesShare Print Email Save Sponsored by FLSmidth 04/01/2012 By John Mahoney, NGNP Industry Alliance Limited The NGNP Industry Alliance recently selected the Areva steam cycle high temperature gas-cooled AND industrial sector and providing sustainability for key industries that make modern lifestyle possible. Controlling energy costs is key to avoid great power war Toradze ‘9 (February 10, 2009 at 16:52:27 Why we need nuclear power. by John Toradze , John Toradze is the pen name of a scientist who ran an office in Tbilisi, Georgia for 5 years and traveled widely in Russia the former USSR nations and nearby. I have authored chapters for books published by the West Point terrorism center on (more...)) Seventh, in the midst of an economic meltdown that I think is going to AND except orbiting solar satellites can, and those aren't even on the table.
	01/09/2013	1AC - Doubles - Fullerton Tournament: Fullerton \| Round: Dubs \| Opponent: Liberty LS \| Judge: The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled prismatic reactor energy production funding in the United States. Contention One is Inherency Laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. SMR grants now Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors AND Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement. More grants coming Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41 However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a AND safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.” Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable McDonald and Rogner ‘12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012 In his address to the IAEA's 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano AND a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan's electricity mix. HTGR funding has been eliminated – No reactor will be built Linscott ‘11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed, AND , a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University. Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace AND favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington. Funding for HTGR’s was slashed- kills leadership Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012 The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels. AND not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005. Contention Two is Russia US-Russian tensions are high now- only advanced nuclear power cooperation can resolve tensions and resiliency Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin) This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency. AND could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap. HTGR’s are key to Russian co-op- key to solve prolif, nuclear reductions, nuclear industry, and broader relations Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE's NNSA and AND could expand these positive impacts and serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases. HTGR’s jumpstart cooperation and spillover to broader relations Khlopkov ’11 (A Peaceful Atom 27 march 2011 Anton Khlopkov Nuclear Rapprochement Between Moscow and Washington Anton Khlopkov is Director of the Center for Energy and Security Studies in Moscow; Editor-in-Chief of Nuclear Club journal. Another promising area for cooperation is developing innovative nuclear power reactor technologies, including fast AND energy cooperation between Russia and the United States, especially during Congressional debates. Nuclear cooperation creates resiliency and motivation to maintain relations Einhorn et al ‘8 (Robert, Rose Gottemoeller, Fred McGoldrick, Daniel Poneman, Jon Wolfsthal, “The U.S.-Russia Civil Nuclear Agreement A Framework for Cooperation”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2008, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080522-einhorn-u.s.-russia-web.pdf) Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly, that a 123 AND to additional civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism. Russian relations are critical to prevent war in every global hotspot Nixon Center ‘3 (“Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT,” SEPTEMBER 2K3 HTTP://WWW.NIXONCENTER.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM) The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any AND states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support. HTGR’s are key to solve terrorism and weapons reductions Pomper ‘7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms AND affairs from Columbia University and a master's degree in journalism from Northwestern University. The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits AND reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year. Nuclear coop is key to weapons reductions Bunn ‘7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next AND Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995. The United States and Russia still possess massive stockpiles of plutonium and highly enriched uranium AND could strengthen international political support for measures to repair the global nonproliferation regime. Weapons reductions solve nuclear war Rybachenkov ’12 (A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF ARMS CONTROL AND MUTUAL DETERRENCE1 Vladimir Rybachenkov2 1 Text of presentation at the Fourth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, USA, February 14-17, 2012. 2 Senior Research Scientist, Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environment Studies Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents AND 1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states. Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terror Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department AND material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission." The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of AND nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high. Terrorism causes nuclear war Hellman ‘8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a AND to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia. US-Russia cooperation is key to leadership against nuclear terrorism Habiger et al. ’12 (US and Russia work together against threat of nuclear terrorism Innovative Elbe Group urges coordination to warn against nuclear menace. The Elbe GroupMarch 20, 2012 13:45 The members of the Elbe Group: General Eugene Habiger USAF (ret), former Commander in Chief of Strategic Command; General of the Army (ret) Anatoliy S. Kulikov, former Minister of Interior Affairs; LTG Franklin Hagenbeck USA (ret), former Superintendent US Military Academy; General of the Army (ret) Valentin V. Korabelnikov, former Head of General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate, Russian Federation; LTG Michael Maples USA (ret), former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency; General Colonel (ret) Anatoliy E. Safonov, former First Deputy Director of FSB and former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Robert Dannenberg, former Chief of Operations for Counterterrorism, CIA; General Colonel (ret) Vladimir N. Verkhovtsev, former Head of 12th GUMO Nuclear Directorate; Mr. Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, former Director of Intelligence and Counterintelligence at DOE; Colonel (ret) Vladimir Y. Goltsov, former Ministry of Interior and MinAtom; Brigadier General Kevin Ryan USA (ret), former Defense Attache to Moscow. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/commentary/us-and-russia-work-together-against-threat-nuclear-terrorism Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including forming AND mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues. Perception of leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war Bin ‘9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li AND University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. ) The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is AND problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war. Contention 4 is Chem Coming energy shocks will kill the chemical industry Dooley ‘11 (The American Chemistry Council Statement for the Record House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures Subcommittee on Oversight September 22, 2011 Submitted by: Calvin M. Dooley President and Chief Executive Officer This is particularly true for America’s chemical industry, which uses natural gas as both AND 120,000 jobs as natural gas prices spiked not five years ago. HTGR’s are key to the chemical industry Gibbs and Mills ’11 (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics August 2011 Revision 1 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Phillip Mills, Engineering Director, Greg Gibbs, Project Director The NGNP Project is developing and enabling the initial commercial deployment of the high temperature AND biomass-to-liquid fuel conversion processes in the synthesis of ammonia. Chem industry key to solve extinction Baum ’99 (editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society's Chemical and Engineering News 1999 (Rudy M. Baum, CandE News, “Millennium Special Report,” 12-6-99, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html) The pace of change in today's world is truly incomprehensible. Science is advancing on AND up in real public fear of genetic manipulation and corporate control over food. Chem industry is key to aerospace Delpy and Pike ‘10 (Professor David Delpy FRS, chief executive at Oxford Economics, AND* Dr. Richard Pike, Ph.D. in chemical sciences, September 2010, “The economic benefits of chemistry research to the UK,” http://www.rsc.org/images/Economic_Benefits_of_Chemistry_Sep_2010_tcm18-191337.pdf Aerospace - The modern aerospace industry depends on high-performance products that are lightweight AND helping to improve the performance maintainability of the aircraft should not be underestimated. Aerospace solves heg and cyber terrorism Deloitte 12 \| (Deloitte is a consulting and financial advisory service, Report Commissioned by the Aerospace Industries Association, " The Aerospace and Defense Industry in the U.S. A financial and economic impact study," March, http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/deloitte_study_2012.pdf) Reductions in casualties in armed conflict Human casualties resulting from armed conflict have been declining AND continues to develop the next generation technologies to address these and future threats. History proves- only US leadership solves multiple world wars Khalilzad ‘11 (ZALMAY KHALILZAD FEBRUARY 8, 2011 4:00 A.M. The Economy and National Security — Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. We face this domestic challenge while other major powers are experiencing rapid economic growth. AND the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. Cyber-terrorism causes multiple scenarios for nuclear war Fritz ‘9 – researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University (Jason, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July, http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf) This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons. AND its own, without the need for compromising command and control centres directly. Chem industry- specifically ammonia production- is key to food production Ritter ’8 (AUGUST 18, 2008 VOLUME 86, NUMBER 33 WEB EXCLUSIVE NITROGEN-FIXING THE WORLD The Haber-Bosch Reaction: An Early Chemical Impact On Sustainability Ammonia production helped boost global agriculture but also led to unsustainable population growth Steven K. Ritter Now that the concept of sustainability has grabbed global attention, chemists are contemplating new AND has had a more dramatic impact on Earth than Haber-Bosch chemistry. Fertilizers are key to stable global food supplies TFI ‘9 (The Fertilizer Institute, Trade Group that analyzes and represents the fertilizer industry, “The U.S. Fertilizer Industry and Climate Change Policy,” April 2 2009 Fertilizer nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – are all naturally occurring elements that AND disaster or substandard world harvest away from a full-scale food crisis. Stable food supplies are key to avoid multiple scenarios for extinction Lugar 2K (Richard Lugar, US Senator from Indiana, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, 2000) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. Contention 4 is Solvency Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes AND for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments. While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will AND because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal. Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, ) The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among AND D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable. Prismatic reactor solves best ELP ’12 (Nuclear Power: Small Modular Reactors - US warms to Areva's HTGR technology, but not too much. http://www.elp.com/index/from-the-wires/wire_news_display/1666630466.html Modern Power System May 15, 2012 The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Industry Alliance - a US based grouping of companies interested AND and 1987 as a cogeneration plant with fossil fuel as the heat source. Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND AND its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009 Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face AND it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy. Fed key to industry and financial certainty Wallace ‘5 (President of Constellation Generation Group, Mike Wallace, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER 2010 INITIATIVE,” 4/26, lexis) The Department of Energy's Nuclear Power 2010 program is a necessary, but not sufficient AND necessary and appropriate investment in U.S. energy security. Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success Gibbs and Soto ‘9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that AND in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners. DOE key- statutory authority and international agreements MIT ‘10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap: Report to Congress”, April 2010, http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-033-nuclear-systems-design-project-fall-2011/readings/MIT22_033F11_read_core_doe.pdf In the United States, it is the responsibility of industry to design, AND initiatives that bear directly on the development and deployment of new reactor systems.
	01/09/2013	1AC - Quarters - Fullerton Tournament: Fullerton \| Round: Quarters \| Opponent: Michigan AP \| Judge: Contention One is Inherency Huge laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. SMR grants were just given out Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors AND Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement. Even more grants coming Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41 However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a AND safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.” Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable- best new projections McDonald and Rogner ‘12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012 In his address to the IAEA's 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano AND a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan's electricity mix. HTGR funding has been eliminated – No reactor will be built Linscott ‘11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed, AND , a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University. Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace AND favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington. Advantage 1AC U.S. tritium production is declining now—this will jack nuclear weapons Podvig ’10 – affiliate of the Center for International Security Cooperation (Pavel Podvig, worked at the Center for Arms Control Studies at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), which was the first independent research organization in Russia dedicated to analysis of technical issues related to arms control and disarmament. In Moscow, Podvig was the leader of a major research project and the editor of the book Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces (MIT Press, 2001), International Panel on Fissile Materials, 10-11-2010, http://fissilematerials.org/blog/2010/10/future_supply_of_tritium_.html) In a recent report to the U.S. House Armed Services Committee, AND a key element of U.S. nuclear non-proliferation policy. Current failure to resolve tritium shortages undermines deterrence GAO ’10 (National Nuclear ¶ Security ¶ Administration Needs ¶ to Ensure Continued ¶ Availability of Tritium ¶ for the Weapons Stockpile, 10/2010, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11100.pdf) NNSA’s inability to overcome the technical challenges and meet its ¶ original tritium production goals AND on current and future ¶ availability of tritium for the nuclear weapons stockpile. Lack of tritium supplies cripples nuclear deterrence credibility Edwards ’89 (James, Security, Disarmament And The Short Life Of Tritium, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-02-24/news/8903080262_1_tritium-nuclear-weapons-nuclear-deterrent) Events of the past year show just how serious the problem is. Last April AND before the first commercial nuclear power plant was even on the drawing boards. Bolstering nuclear deterrence now is critical- otherwise nuclear conflicts are inevitable Payne ’12 – professor and head of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State (Dr. Keith B., Testimony to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, 7-25-2012) The GNZC report, however, essentially dismisses this concern by asserting that Russia and AND they are manifest to opponents and allies for deterrence and assurance purposes respectively. Russian aggression will escalate to nuclear use if the arsenal’s quality degrades Heinrichs 12 – adjunct fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (Rebeccah, 07/09, “Obama Pursues “Reset” While Putin Pursues “Get Set”,” http://blog.heritage.org/2012/07/09/obama-pursues-reset-while-putin-pursues-get-set/) In 2007, Russia began flying nuclear-capable bombers into air zones identified by AND has at his disposal a credible nuclear force capable of conveying this message. nuclear deterrence provides conflict escalation control William J. Perry and James R. Schlesinger, chairman and vice-chairman of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, “America’s Strategic Posture,” 2009, http://media.usip.org/reports/strat_posture_report.pdf In today’s world, this simple approach is dif-ficult to replicate. As AND forces that might yet be launched against the United States or its allies. HE-3 shortage now – low tritium production is causing a supply crisis Veen-Hincke ’12 (Kristin V, Political Focus: Helium-3 Supply Dwindles while Demand Increases, May/June 2012, http://wellservicingmagazine.com/political-focus/2012/05/political-focus-helium-3-supply-dwindles-while-demand-increases/) For more than 50 years, the Department of Energy (DOE) has supplied AND termed a “critical shortage in the global supply of Helium-3.” Helium shortages undermines nuclear detection capabilities – key to prevent prolif and nuclear terrorism Homeland Security News Wire ’11 (Helium-3 shortage endangers nuclear detection capabilities 2/28/11, http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/helium-3-shortage-endangers-nuclear-detection-capabilities) Demand for radiation detectors has surged as a result of increased efforts to stop nuclear AND , and explore technologies to recycle helium-3 and extend current supplies.¶ Effective nuclear forensics deters terrorism Talmadge ‘7 (IR and Government Prof-George Washington, PhD-MIT, “Deterring a Nuclear 9/11,” www.twq.com/07spring/docs/07spring_talmadge.pdf) Because terrorists lack return addresses, analysts have dismissed even more firmly the possibility of AND or passively assist terrorists in a nuclear attack on the United States.20 Detection technology is uniquely key to solve terrorism Levi ‘8 (Michael A. David M. Rubenstein senior fellow for energy and environment at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Deterring State of Sponsorship of Nuclear Terrorism”, Council of Foreign Relations Special Report No. 39, September 2008) Nuclear detection technology has a dual role in thwarting a terrorist nuclear attack—deterrence AND of nuclear detection systems would change: they would become the main defense. HE-3 shortage undermines non-proliferation and scientific research Lobsenz ’10 (George, editor of Energy Daily, DOE Helium Shortage Hits Nuke Security, Oil And Gas Industry, 7/10/10, http://www.managingpowermag.com/supply_chains/253.html) The Energy Department's failure to recognize an impending supply squeeze for helium-3— AND and gas reservoirs, including the nation's fast-growing shale gas fields. Prolif causes extinction- it will be fast and dangerous Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have AND Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The AND capabilities, triggering an arms race in a strategically important and volatile region. HTGR’s are ideal for tritium production – multiple warrants CSP ’91 (Center for Security Policy, SHOULD THE U.S. PROCEED WITH A NEW TRITIUM PRODUCTION REACTOR? http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/p3401.xml?genre_id=) Only one of the two designs now competing for selection as the New Production Reactor AND meeting fluid long-term tritium production needs and the larger national interest. HTGR’s are the best model for producing tritium Charles ’89 (Dan, science and tech writer, “Nuclear Safety: Some Like it Hot”, New Scientist) IN 1984, Lawrence Lidsky a professor of nuclear engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of AND from Macnox reactors: there has been more time to perfect the HTGR. Hydrogen – 1035 Current reactors fail- we need new HTGR’s for successful hydrogen deployment Anderson ’12 (February 06, 2012 Zark Anderson, Science and Technology expert and author, “Next Generation Reactor in Need of Funding” Temperature requirements of potential applications compared with LWR and HTGR operating temperatures. Image Credit: Department of Energy Most commercial reactors in the U.S. are of the Light Water Reactor AND need to agree on the importance and priority of the next generation reactor. Only the HTGR can ensure effective hydrogen deployment Serfass ‘6 (June 12, 2006 Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Mr. Jeff Serfass National Hydrogen Association U. S. Senate ommittee on Energy and Natural Resources Sections 641 through 645, Energy Policy Act of 2005 Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project within the Department of Energy Statement of Jeffrey Serfass President National Hydrogen Association June 12, 2006 My testimony will make the following points that reflect the NHA’s policy positions: • AND allow investments later in the decade and beyond for full scale hydrogen production. Only HTGRs can solve hydrogen Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198) Capable of Providing High Temperature Process Heat for Central Plant Scale Hydrogen Production—Hydrogen AND heat temperatures that exceed all reactor concepts except the High Temperature Gas Reactor. Hydrogen is key to solve extinction from oil shortages Rifkin ‘2 (Economist and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends Jeremy Rifkin, “The dawn of the Hydrogen economy: when there is no more oil or gas … the next great commercial revolution,” RMA Journal, Oct, 2002, pg. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/ai_n14897180/pg_5/?tag=content;col1 Experts had been saying that we had another 40 or so years of cheap available AND leap forward for the whole of the world economy in the coming decades. Oil shortages cause grid crash, food collapse, and extinction Urstadt ‘6 (Bryant Urstadt, writing for Harpers Magazine, “Imagine there’s no oil: scenes from a liberal apocalypse” Aug 2006 http://www.harpers.org/archive/2006/08/0081156 Accessed July 2012) As for what will happen after the oil runs out, Heinberg presented an unnerving AND terrible scenario, and for delivering it, Heinberg received a standing ovation. HTGR produced hydrogen is key to fertilizers Keuter ‘6 (Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Mr. Dan Keuter Entergy Nuclear Testimony of Dan R. Keuter, Vice President, Nuclear Business Development Entergy Nuclear Before the U. S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources June 12, 2006 This high temperature gas cooled reactor can be an important part of: ? Reducing AND a raw material in the production of a variety of chemicals and plastics. Fertilizers are key to stable global food supplies TFI ‘9 (The Fertilizer Institute, Trade Group that analyzes and represents the fertilizer industry, “The U.S. Fertilizer Industry and Climate Change Policy,” April 2 2009 Fertilizer nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – are all naturally occurring elements that AND disaster or substandard world harvest away from a full-scale food crisis. Stable food supplies are key to avoid multiple scenarios for extinction Lugar 2K (Richard Lugar, US Senator from Indiana, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, 2000) In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning AND in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. Contention 4 is Solvency Prismatic reactor solves best ELP ’12 (Nuclear Power: Small Modular Reactors - US warms to Areva's HTGR technology, but not too much. http://www.elp.com/index/from-the-wires/wire_news_display/1666630466.html Modern Power System May 15, 2012 The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Industry Alliance - a US based grouping of companies interested AND and 1987 as a cogeneration plant with fossil fuel as the heat source. The US HTGR program will be uniquely successful if funded Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012 Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan, AND the deployment of their version of a modular HTGR design that may compete globally Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success Gibbs and Soto ‘9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that AND in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners. Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND AND its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009 Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face AND it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy. DOE key- statutory authority and international agreements MIT ‘10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap: Report to Congress”, April 2010, http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-033-nuclear-systems-design-project-fall-2011/readings/MIT22_033F11_read_core_doe.pdf In the United States, it is the responsibility of industry to design, AND initiatives that bear directly on the development and deployment of new reactor systems.
	02/09/2013	RD 2 NU V. Kansas CG Tournament: NU \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: Kansas CG \| Judge: Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. Adv 1 - Russia Weapons Reduction Impact Relations Impact Nuclear Terrorism Impact Nuclear Taboo Impact Adv 2 - Coal Gasification Chinese Relations Chinese Energy Security Asia War Food Security
	02/09/2013	RD 3 NU V. Emporia SW Tournament: NU \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Emporia SW \| Judge: McVey Text: Ian and I believe that the United States federal government should reduce restrictions in the United States that prevent expansion of small modular nuclear reactors. Coal Bad Warming Bad
	02/10/2013	RD 5 NU V. Minnesota SS Tournament: NU \| Round: 5 \| Opponent: Minnesota SS \| Judge: Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. Russia Weapons Reduction Impact Relations Impact Nuclear Terrorism Impact Nuclear Taboo Impact Space Space Col Impact Space Heg Impact Space Treaties Impact
	02/10/2013	RD 8 V. Iowa AH Tournament: NU \| Round: 8 \| Opponent: Iowa AH \| Judge: Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its Antares prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. Steel Adv Econ Impact Heg Impact Infrastructure Impact Safety Leadership Adv Nuclear Terrorism Impact Nuclear Taboo Impact Russia Nuclear Security Impact Asia War Impact
	02/11/2013	Dubs V. MSU BC Tournament: NU \| Round: Dubs \| Opponent: MSU BC \| Judge: The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled Antares prismatic reactor energy production funding in the United States. Science Leadership Adv Energy Security Impact Heg Impact Nuclear Deterrence Impact Labs Adv democracy Impact food shortages Impact Bioweapons Impact Pakistan Collapse Impact Terrorism Impact Nuclear Taboo Impact Russia Nuclear Security Impact
	02/11/2013	Quarters V. Michigan AP Tournament: NU \| Round: Quarters \| Opponent: Michigan AP \| Judge: Watts, Feldman, Bricker The United States federal government should substantially increase its Antares steam cycle prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. Navy Adv Navy Impacts India Adv Energy Security - Indo-Sino War Impact Indo-Pak War Impact US-India Relations - Afghanistan Impact
	03/29/2013	NDT Rd 1 Tournament: NDT \| Round: 1 \| Opponent: Boston College KM \| Judge: 1AC- Plan The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. 1AC- Inh Huge laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation-http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made AND power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019. Surprise SMR funding just happened Hashem 3-20-13 ~Heba, Nuclear Energy Insider, "NuScale competes for second SMR funding," http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/small-modular-reactors/nuscale-competes-second-smr-funding~~ Taking the industry by complete surprise, AND schedule required by the DOE," states McGough. Massive SMR funding now TCS 3-12-13 ~Taxpayers for Common Sense, "Energy Department Announces Second Round of Small Modular Reactor Funding," http://www.taxpayer.net/library/article/energy-department-announces-second-round-of-small-modular-reactor-funding~~ The Department of Energy (DOE) announced yesterday a second funding opportunity for its AND taxpayers cannot afford to provide any additional subsidies to the nuclear power industry. Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable- best new projections McDonald and Rogner ’12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012 In his address to the IAEA’s 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano AND a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan’s electricity mix. HTGR funding has been eliminated – No reactor will be built Linscott ’11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed, Energy Independence Jeopordized November 13, 2012 - Brad Linscott, forty years of engineering and managerial experience, author of fifteen technical reports on large wind turbines published by the DOE and NASA. As deputy branch chief at NASA, he directed engineering efforts during the design of the photovoltaic electric power system for the International Space Station. Brad holds a MS in mechanical engineering from Case Western Reserve University, a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University. Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace AND favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington. 1AC- HTGR Leadership HTGR leadership is key- China is winning the race now but more funding will ensure US leadership Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On "Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing" July 20, 2012 Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, AND more of their non-U.S. facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs. More funding is vital to HTGR leadership- otherwise China will win the race Yurman ’9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes %24180M Dan Yurman Idaho Falls, ID, United States consultant to firms in the global nuclear energy industry in the area of social media and marketing communications. My blog is about nuclear energy and nonproliferation topics at Idaho Samizdat. It has over 200,000 readers a year from more than 70 countries and has been cited in the NYT, FT, and WSJ. My personal Twitter feed @djysrv as of July 2012 has 1,200 followers. Some blog posts are mirrored on Google Plus. Since 2007 I have been a reporter for Fuel Cycle Week, a nuclear industry trade newsletter. I write about global markets for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments. While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and AND design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away. The HTGR race is key- the impact is unsafe Chinese nuclear exports, Chinese aggression, and heg decline Cullinane ’11 (Staff at House Foreign Affairs Committee. Graduate student at the Institute of World Politics (Scott, America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy, 9/28/11) Due to a confluence of events the United States has recently focused more attention on AND larger efforts on both sides of the Pacific to shape the 21st century. Chinese aggression leads to nuclear war Walton ’7 (C. Dale Walton, Lecturer in International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, 2007, Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century, p. 49) Obviously, it is of vital importance to the United States AND system that is not marked by close great power alliances. Heg solves multiple nuclear wars Khalilzad ’11 (ZALMAY KHALILZAD FEBRUARY 8, 2011 4:00 A.M. The Economy and National Security — Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992. We face this domestic challenge while other major AND Still, the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression. Unsafe Chinese nuclear exports lead to Asian nuclear competition and Pakistani arms build up Sokolski ’8 (China and Nuclear Proliferation: Rethinking the Link By Henry Sokolski, Executive Director The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission "China’s Proliferation Practices, and the Development of its Cyber and Space Warfare Capabilities," May 20, 2008 On the other hand, Chinese front companies recently funneled North Korean- AND On the other hand, China has long had a special security relationship with Islamabad and Riyadh. Asian nuclear competition leads to nuclear wars in Asia Cimbala ’10 (Prof. of Political Science @ Penn State, (Stephen, Nuclear Weapons and Cooperative Security in the 21st Century, p. 117-8) A five-sided nuclear competition in the Pacific AND offensive preparations for attack, thus triggering a mistaken preemption. Pakistan build-up causes escalation and conflict Auner ’11 (More Pakistani Nukes: Why Do We Worry? posted by Eric Auner on January 31, 2011 at 4:52 pm Karen DeYoung reports on the expansion of the Pakistani nuclear weapons AND the United States to improve Pakistani nuclear security. This will cause India Pakistan nuclear war- deterrence won’t check Yusuf ’11 ~Moeed Yusuf is South Asia adviser at the U.S. Institute of Peace, where he manages the institute’s Pakistan program. Previously, he was a research fellow at the Mossavar-Rahmani Center at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government and a fellow at the Frederick S. Pardee Center at Boston University, "Banking on an Outsider: Implications for Escalation Control in South Asia", June 2011, Arms Control Association, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2011_06/Yusuf~~ India also has walked away from the last two crises with lessons on U. AND party has been inclined to expect the worst from the other.~22~ Best new studies prove Indo-pak war would cause extinction Starr ’11 (Consequences of a Single Failure of Nuclear Deterrence by Steven Starr February 07, 2011 * Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation * Senior Scientist for PSR Only a single failure of nuclear deterrence is required to AND explosive power contained in the currently operational and deployed U.S. and Russian nuclear forces. 1AC- Russia US-Russian tensions are high now- only advanced nuclear power cooperation can resolve other tensions and resilient broader cooperation Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, "Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin", World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin) This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency. AND could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap. HTGR’s are key to Russian co-op- key to solve prolif, nuclear reductions, nuclear industry, and broader relations Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE’s AND serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases. Nuclear cooperation creates resiliency and motivation to maintain relations Einhorn et al ’8 (Robert, Rose Gottemoeller, Fred McGoldrick, Daniel Poneman, Jon Wolfsthal, "The U.S.-Russia Civil Nuclear Agreement A Framework for Cooperation", Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2008, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080522-einhorn-u.s.-russia-web.pdf) Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly, AND civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism. Russian relations are critical to prevent major power conflict in every global hotspot Nixon Center ’3 ("Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT," SEPTEMBER 2K3 HTTP://WWW.NIXONCENTER.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM) The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any AND states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support. HTGR’s are key to solve terrorism and weapons reductions Pomper ’7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms Control Today » December 2007 » U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Miles A. Pomper Mr. Pomper is a Senior Research Associate in the Washington D.C. office of CNS. His work focuses on nuclear energy, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear security, and nuclear arms control. Before joining CNS he served as Editor-in-Chief of Arms Control Today from 2003-2009. Previously, he was the lead foreign policy reporter for CQ Weekly and Legi-Slate News Service, where he covered the full range of national security issues before Congress, and a Foreign Service Officer with the U.S. Information Agency. His career has also included the publication of book chapters, analytical articles, and reports for publications, such as Foreign Service Journal, Survival, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, World Politics Review, Nuclear Engineering International, and the Centre for International Governance Innovation. He holds a master’s degree in international affairs from Columbia University and a master’s degree in journalism from Northwestern University. The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits AND reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year. Nuclear coop is key to weapons reductions Bunn ’7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next Steps in Dealing With Excess Plutonium Troubled Disposition: Next Steps in Dealing With Excess Plutonium (April 2012) Matthew Bunn Matthew Bunn is a senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Previously, he served in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy where, among other responsibilities, he staffed the interagency working group on plutonium disposition. He was the study director for the two-volume National Academy of Sciences study Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995. The United States and Russia still possess massive stockpiles of plutonium and AND political support for measures to repair the global nonproliferation regime. Weapons reductions solve nuclear war Rybachenkov ’12 (A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF ARMS CONTROL AND MUTUAL DETERRENCE1 Vladimir Rybachenkov2 1 Text of presentation at the Fourth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, USA, February 14-17, 2012. 2 Senior Research Scientist, Center for Arms Control, Energy %26 Environment Studies Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents AND 1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states. Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terror Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Khazar University in Baku, Azerbaijan and a contributor to Global Brief, World Affairs in the 21st Century and The Jamestown Foundation Russia’s Nuclear Industry is a Disaster Waiting to Happen By Diplomatic Courier \| Thu, 14 June 2012 22:49 \| 3 By. Dr. Richard Rousseau Source: Diplomatic Courier "Copyright 2006-2012 The Diplomatic Courier™. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission." The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of AND nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high. Terrorism causes nuclear war Hellman ’8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities AND full-scale nuclear war by disguising their act to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia. US-Russia cooperation is key to leadership against nuclear terrorism Habiger et al. ’12 (US and Russia work together against threat of nuclear terrorism Innovative Elbe Group urges coordination to warn against nuclear menace. The Elbe GroupMarch 20, 2012 13:45 The members of the Elbe Group: General Eugene Habiger USAF (ret), former Commander in Chief of Strategic Command; General of the Army (ret) Anatoliy S. Kulikov, former Minister of Interior Affairs; LTG Franklin Hagenbeck USA (ret), former Superintendent US Military Academy; General of the Army (ret) Valentin V. Korabelnikov, former Head of General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate, Russian Federation; LTG Michael Maples USA (ret), former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency; General Colonel (ret) Anatoliy E. Safonov, former First Deputy Director of FSB and former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Robert Dannenberg, former Chief of Operations for Counterterrorism, CIA; General Colonel (ret) Vladimir N. Verkhovtsev, former Head of 12th GUMO Nuclear Directorate; Mr. Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, former Director of Intelligence and Counterintelligence at DOE; Colonel (ret) Vladimir Y. Goltsov, former Ministry of Interior and MinAtom; Brigadier General Kevin Ryan USA (ret), former Defense Attache to Moscow. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/commentary/us-and-russia-work-together-against-threat-nuclear-terrorism Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including AND can build the mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues. Perception of leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war Bin ’9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li Bin is a leading Chinese expert on arms control and is currently the director of Arms Control Program at the Institute of International Studies, Tsinghua University. He received his Bachelor and Master Degrees in Physics from Peking University before joining China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) to pursue a doctorate in the technical aspects of arms control. He served as a part-time assistant on arms control for the Committee of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND).Upon graduation Dr. Li entered the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM) as a research fellow and joined the COSTIND technical group supporting Chinese negotiation team on Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). He attended the final round of CTBT negotiations as a technical advisor to the Chinese negotiating team. Nie Hongyi is an officer in the People’s Liberation Army with an MA from China’s National Defense University and a Ph.D. in International Studies from Tsinghua University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. ) The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm AND avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war. 1AC- Solvency Only federal funding can solve effective HTGR deployment Christopher ’6 (Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Mr. Tom Christopher Areva, Inc. Statement of Thomas A. Christopher Chief Executive Officer AREVA, Inc. Before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources June 12, 2006 Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I am Tom Christopher, Chief Executive Officer of AREVA, Inc. NGNP and Industry Involvement Nuclear programs such as NGNP require significant investment in research and AND would be pleased to answer any questions you may have at this time. HTGR demonstration is key- the design works and is uniquely effective Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) For the past several years, there has been a worldwide effort AND for deployment and the costs and risks are well understood. Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence Gale et al. ’9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL %26 STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason * Kelley Michael Gale is the Finance Department Chair of Latham %26 Watkins’ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm’s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups. He has thirty years of experience representing private and public sector clients in the development, regulation, and financing of alternative energy projects and capital intensive infrastructure projects. The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham %26 Watkins LLP. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of Latham %26 Watkins LLP or its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL ~Vol. 30:497 2009 Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face AND it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy. Only federal action solves Kirsch 9 (Steve Kirsch, Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, American serial entrepreneur who has started six companies: Mouse Systems, Frame Technology, Infoseek, Propel, Abaca, and OneID, 11-25-9) Today, the DOE wants to do more research and they haven’t even committed AND If Congress requests nothing, then that’s what we will get: nothing. Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation Spurgeon ’6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, "The U.S. GNEP Approach", ) The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among AND D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable. HTGR’s are completely meltdown safe Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198) One primary type of HTGR is the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor or GT–MHR. AND Hence, they can likely be deployed in arid areas of the world that are in need of nuclear energy. HTGR’s are uniquely cost competitive- studies prove INL ’11 (Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Evaluation of Siting an HTGR Co-Generation Plant on an Operating Commercial Nuclear Power Plant Site October 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 This report was prepared by Idaho National Laboratory as part of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project with the cooperation of Entergy Louisiana, LLC, the owner of the Waterford site, and significant support from Entergy Nuclear, Inc., which suggested use of the Waterford site for this evaluation and supported its completion by directing INL personnel to required information, answering questions on specific characteristics of the site and reviewing drafts of this report. INL wants to thank Entergy Louisiana, LLC for making the Waterford site available for this evaluation and Entergy Nuclear, Inc. for the support in completing it. Idaho National Laboratory also wants to thank The Dow Chemical Company for their support of this evaluation. It should also be noted that the HTGR technology can be applied in an electricity AND projected prices of electricity and steam generated using natural gas combined cycle plants. AT: Russia China Won’t spill over to TNWS Sokov ’2 (Dr. Nikolai SOKOV, Senior Research Associate CNS NIS Nonprolif Program, 02 ~May, pg. online, http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_10b.html-http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_10b.html~~ In Russia, regardless of progress on the START front, AND Regrettably, but understandably, in Russia nuclear weapons in general and TNWs in particular enjoy a renaissance. China won’t invade the Russian Far East. Harding, ’9 ~Luke, Writer for the Observer, "Russia fears embrace of giant eastern neighbour," 8/2, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/aug/02/china-russia-relationship-http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/aug/02/china-russia-relationship~~ Most experts believe China’s own strategic goals do not include Russia’s far east, or AND to invade Russia militarily because, he points out, they would lose. Shared interests solve Weitz ’11 (Richard, Director, Center for Political-Military Analysis Senior Fellow Hudson Institute, PhD in pol sci from Harvard, China-Russia relations and the United States: At a turning point?, http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html-http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html, 2011) Since the end of the Cold War, the improved political and economic relationship between AND their lengthy shared frontier through a series of arms control and disarmament measures. India Export market’s already hugely competitive Jeffrey Hays 12, founder of Facts %26 Details, freelance journalist and teacher in Japan, "nuclear business and reactor production in japan", April, http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=2307%26catid=23%26subcatid=152-http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=2307%26catid=23%26subcatid=152 The New York Times reported: Makers of nuclear reactors from other countries, AND It succeeded in winning a contract from the United Arab Emirates. In Finland, South Korea is competing with Japan to win orders. Over nuclear expansion inev Westenhaus 9/30/12 Brian, editor of the popular energy technology site New Energy and Fuel, "Confidence in Nuclear Power is on the Rise Again," http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Confidence-in-Nuclear-Power-is-on-the-Rise-Again.html-http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Confidence-in-Nuclear-Power-is-on-the-Rise-Again.html, AM The U.S. is not alone. New nuclear plants are coming in Asia and even in Europe. AND These kinds of numbers wake up the uranium commodities speculators – even while the market is in the doldrums. India nuclear industry collapsing MV Ramana, Daily Mercury, 10/16/12, India’s nuclear power failures warn against uranium exports, www.dailymercury.com.au/news/indias-nuclear-power-failures-warn-against-uranium/1584030/ First, despite all the hoopla about India’s nuclear ambitions, nuclear energy is unlikely AND Relying on a technology shown to be unreliable makes it likely that nuclear power will never become a major source of electricity in India. Regulatory barriers block India exports IDSA, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, Nov 2010, IDSA Task Force Report: Development of Nuclear Energy Sector in India, http://bit.ly/RpF1TY The existing 1962 enactment, as it should be, is state-centric though AND legal issues that need consideration. The next section will deal with that. Security K- 2AC No impact – threat construction isn’t sufficient to cause wars Kaufman ’9 (Prof Poli Sci and IR – U Delaware, ’9 (Stuart J, "Narratives and Symbols in Violent Mobilization: The Palestinian-Israeli Case," Security Studies 18:3, 400 – 434) Even when hostile narratives, group fears, and opportunity are strongly present, AND War is likely only if hostile narratives, fears, and opportunity spur hostile attitudes, chauvinist mobilization, and a security dilemma. Maximizing life is key- all lives have value Schwartz ’2 (L Schwartz, medical ethicist, 2002, Medical ethics: a case based approach, www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf-http://www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf Supporters of the sanctity of life ethic dismiss considerations about quality and quantity because, AND However, it will be necessary to justify any violation of this right. Securitization is crucial to politicization and breaks down antagonism- their theory is wrong and their alt is worse Trombetta ’8 (Maria Julia Trombetta, (Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures) 3/19/08 http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf On the one hand, an approach that considers the discursive formation of security issues AND School and is the strongest opponent of any attempt to securitize the environment. Alternative fails—and causes violence Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 137-138) In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic implications of AND Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time. 2AC- Immigration Immigration won’t pass AND gun and budget fights thump Altman ’3-20-13 (Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform By Alex Altman, March 20, 2013, Time Magazine, Follow @TIMEPolitics, Read more: http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/~~%23ixzz2OZC8dLtn The next few months offer the best chance in a generation for the two AND Each day, 1,400 undocumented immigrants are deported. PC not key, winners win Hirsch ’2-7-13 ("There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital of the war on terror, which also won a National Magazine Award. As a result, momentum has appeared to build around some kind of a plan AND change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect." No controversy spillover LeLoup and Shull ’99 ~Lance, Steven, Political Scientists, "The President and the Congress," p. 8~ Certainly there are trends and general swings in the relationship. AND of the presidency and Congress and how it affects policy-making. Nuclear funding has unanimous support Press Action ’12 (3/12/12 ("US Nuclear Industry Operates as if Fukushima Never Happened") http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/-http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/ Both Democrats and Republicans have had a long love affair with commercial nuclear power, and the relationship is showing no signs of losing steam. AND sensationalize a slight difference to create an impression that the U.S. political system permits honest and real debate. Congress loves funding HTGR’s Yurman ’9 (Dan Yurman publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled ’Idaho Samizdat’ http://djysrv.blogspot.com. It covers the nuclear energy industry globally including new reactor investments, economics, politics, and technologies. He is a frequent contributor to the ANS Nuclear Cafe http://ansnuclearcafe.org and to Fuel Cycle Week http://fuelcycleweek.com Simpson reports substantial increases in nuclear R%26D funding and for cleanup Idaho congressional delegation on a nuclear roll Like it? Posted June 27, 2009 Simpson, Crapo, Risch in record level of pro-nuclear activates; even the state’s lone Democrat is on board Simpson reports substantial increases in nuclear R%26D funding and for cleanup Idaho Congressman Mike Simpson, (right) a member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee AND on the Energy and Natural Resources Committee and on the Foreign Relations Committee. Renewable announmcenet thumps the link BusinessGreen 3-15-13 ~"Obama administration green lights 1.1GW of new renewables projects," http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2254926/obama-administration-green-lights-11gw-of-new-renewables-projects~~ The US Department of Interior (DOI) this week granted approval to three of the AND paving the way for responsible development of utility-scale renewable energy projects in the right way and in the right places." Obama won’t push the plan- empirics prove Pasternak ’10 (Nuclear energy lobby working hard to win support BY JUDY PASTERNAK Sunday, January 24th, 2010 ShareThis This story is being co-published with McClatchy Newspapers . There’s no telling whether the industry’s expensive effort will succeed. AND appropriations subcommittee in June. He’d be back to ask for more, he added. Soft power has no impact, and alt causes overwhelm Afrasiabi, 7 (PhD and author on Iran (Kaveh, Asia Times, "The illusion of American ’smart power’" http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/IK13Ak02.html) Over the years, Nye has been anything but shy about claiming credit for his AND vicious policy circle, bound to reintroduce failed US policies under new guises. No aging crisis impact Hamilton, 1 – Institute director, citing Dr. Kinnear ~Dr. Clive, "Ageing Crisis A Myth," 12-16-1, accessed 2-10-13, mss~ The paper shows that the expected costs of retirement incomes and health for the AND factors other than ageing such as the growth of medical technology, rising consumer demand and escalating prices. Electricity Prices DA- 2AC Prices high now and other alt causes are bigger Bastasch ’12 (Report: More than 200 coal-fired generators slated for shutdown Published: 11:29 PM 09/21/2012 By Michael Bastasch, daily caller staff writer, political analyst, Within the next three to five years, more than 200 coal-fired electric generating AND mayor of Red Springs, N.C., in an ACCCE video — one of the heavily affected states. EPA thumps Hansen, 13 ~Keith, "Silence of the trains: EPA to shutter 200 coal-fired power plants," Brainer Dispatch, brainerddispatch.com/opinion/2013-01-30/silence-trains-epa-shutter-200-coal-fired-power-plants, accessed 3-29-13, mss~ Silence of the trains: EPA to shutter 200 coal-fired power plants A AND said Mike Duncan, president and CEO of ACCCE, in a statement. Intermittency and land ensure only nuclear can solve stable electricity Loudermilk ’11 (Micah J. Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 5/31/11, Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs, www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375 When discussing the energy security contributions offered by small nuclear reactors, it is not AND in fact prove instrumental to enabling the smart grid to become a reality. Nuclear solves every major internal link to econ Zawatsky ’8 (Jay Zawatsky, The National Interest, 04.09.2008, "Inside Track: Going Nuclear on Energy") The mainstream media and petty politicians would have Americans believe that we are faced with AND interest rates and energy security, would move higher in a sustainable way. Alt cause- sequester; consumer spending AP 3/26 (Americans Lose Confidence in Economic Recovery, Shop Less http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/united-states/americans-lose-confidence-in-economic-recovery-shop-less-369131.html) Americans are less confident in the economy than they were last month as massive AND (gasoline) prices are not very favorable for elevated levels of discretionary spending," Christopher wrote in a research note. Econ resilient, US isn’t key, and impact empirically denied Lamy ’11(Pascal Lamy is the Director-General of the World Trade Organization. Lamy is Honorary President of Paris-based think tank Notre Europe. Lamy graduated from the prestigious Sciences Po Paris, from HEC and ÉNA, graduating second in his year of those specializing in economics. "System Upgrade" BY PASCAL LAMY \| APRIL 18, 2011) The bigger test came with the 2008-2009 Great Recession, the first truly AND enabling these countries to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. Impact empirically denied- zero risk Barnett ’9 (Thomas P.M. Barnett, senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC, "The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis," 8/25/2009) When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze AND great resilience of America’s post-World War II international liberal trade order. 1AR Their ev is too old- China is doing HTGR’s 3-21-13 (Chinese HTGR fuel plant under construction 21 March 2013 Construction has started on a pilot production line for fuel elements for the Shidaowan AND will have a 32.5% stake and Tsinghua University’s INET 20% – it being the main R%26D contributor. Econ is resilient- even to energy shocks Eberly ’13 (Jan Eberly, Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy for the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, "Statement by Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy Jan Eberly for the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association", February 4, 2013) WASHINGTON - Economic recovery in the U.S. continued at a moderate pace AND labor markets, and are evidence of a moderate and steady forward movement. Resiliency – FDIC and treasury Amadeo ’13 (February 12, 2013 U.S. Economy Collapse By Kimberly Amadeo, About.com Guide, http://useconomy.about.com/od/criticalssues/p/US-Economy-Collapse.htm The U.S. economy is so large and resilient, it is highly AND In other words, most Federal government programs are designed to prevent just such an economic collapse. No diversionary theory or increased probability of war Jervis ’11 (Robert Jervis 11, Professor in the Department of Political Science and School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, December 2011, "Force in Our Times," Survival, Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 403-425 Even if war is still seen as evil, the security community could be dissolved if severe AND suggesting that force of arms is the solution shows that even if bad times bring about greater economic conflict, it will not make war thinkable. econ not key to heg Brooks and Wohlforth, 8 ~Stephen G. Brooks is Assistant Professor and William C. Wohlforth is Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College, "World out of Balance, International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy," p. 32-35~ American primacy is also rooted in the county’s position as the world’s leading technological power. AND changes fundamentally. The next section explains why. No cyber terror- capability or motivation, and no impact Knake, 10 – fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations ~2/16, Robert, "Cyberterrorism Hype v. Fact", http://www.cfr.org/terrorism-and-technology/cyberterrorism-hype-v-fact/p21434-http://www.cfr.org/terrorism-and-technology/cyberterrorism-hype-v-fact/p21434, AL~ Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair caught the media’s attention recently with two major headlines AND cost and other barriers to developing an advanced cyberoffensive are declining each year. Guest worker fight derails reform AND Obama PC won’t solve Nakamura 3-28. ~David, Washington Post reporter, "Guest-worker dispute may delay immigration bill" Arizona Central — www.azcentral.com/news/politics/free/20130328immigration-reform-guest-worker-program-dispute-may-delay-bill.html~ A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening dispute AND The omission was notable considering the bipartisan Senate group had included the idea in its own principles that same week. Dems derail immigration- electoral concerns key Kromm, 3-3 — Institute for Southern Studies executive director ~Chris, "What is South’s role? Southern Democrats may derail immigration reform," 3-3-13, annistonstar.com/view/full_story/21855651/article-What-is-South’s-role—Southern-Democrats-may-derail-immigration-reform?, accessed 3-28-13, mss~ What is South’s role? Southern Democrats may derail immigration reform AND as well as an open seat vacated by retiring Sen. Jay Rockefeller of West Virginia. Electoral considerations outweigh political capital Yglesias ’9 (Matt Yglesias, Fellow at the Center for American Progress Action Fund, 6-15-09, http://yglesias.thinkprogress.org/archives/2009/06/the-limits-of-political-capital.php I think the answer to the puzzle is simply that "political capital" is AND (D-MN) is going to lose his seat over badly watering Nuclear is uniquely bipartisan- generic energy arguments don’t apply Whitman ’12 (8/13/12 (Christine, CASEnergy Co-Chair, Former EPA Administrator and New Jersey Governor, "Nuclear Power Garners Bipartisan Support") It’s clear from the debate around the merits and drawbacks of various electricity and fuel AND That’s a powerful economic engine and a positive impact that leaders are embracing.
	03/29/2013	NDT - 1AC - Warming Tournament: NDT \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Towson JR \| Judge: The Plan: The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States. 1AC- Inherency The HTGR program at the INL has been eliminated – No reactor will be built Linscott ‘11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed, AND , a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University. Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace AND favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington. 1AC- Emissions The best new unbiased studies prove warming is occurring Plait ’11 (New independent climate study confirms global warming is real http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/21/new-independent-climate-study-confirms-global-warming-is-real/ October 21st, 2011 Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science. The study is called the Berkeley Earth Project (BEP), and what they found AND warming trends show up even if an individual result may be low quality. Prefer these peer-reviewed expert studies- key in the context of warming Stephens ’11 (Home » Vol 21 No 22 Bad week for Pell and AND authored with Donald R Rothwell, is The International Law of the Sea. The last couple of weeks have not been a good time to be a climate AND the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be. Nuclear is key to avoids coal emissions which will kill millions and ensure extinction from warming Ropeik ’12 (The Historic Roots, and Impacts, of Our Nuclear Fear David Ropeik is an instructor at Harvard, a consultant in risk perception, and author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. June 25, 2012 \| David Ropeik Originally published at Risk: Reason and Reality at Big Think. The Cuban missile crisis took place less than a month later, terrifying us, AND impedes development of nuclear power as one way to deal with climate change. Allowing warming to continue perpetuates racist inequalities Hoerner 8—Former director of Research at the Center for a Sustainable Economy, Director of Tax Policy at the Center for Global Change at the University of Maryland College Park, and editor of Natural Resources Tax Review. He has done research on environmental economics and policy on behalf of the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Andrew received his B.A. in Economics from Cornell University and a J.D. from Case Western Reserve School of Law—AND—Nia Robins—former inaugural Climate Justice Corps Fellow in 2003, director of Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative (J. Andrew, “A Climate of Change African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S.” July 2008, http://www.ejcc.org/climateofchange.pdf) Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One AND points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent. Developed nations produce the most climate change, yet developing countries are hit the worst by its effects Carrington 11 – Head of the environment at The Guardian (Damian, “Map reveals stark divide in who caused climate change and who's being hit”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/damian-carrington-blog/2011/oct/26/climate-change-developing-country-impacts-risk?CMP=twt_gu, October 26th, 2011, KTOP) When the world's nations convene in Durban in November in the latest attempt to inch AND storm events may well increase as climate changes takes hold," says Beldon. Global warming fuels societal exclusion and prevents broader social awareness Klare 6 Michael.professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, 2006 March 10. http://www.alternet.org/environment/33243 "Violence and disruption stemming from the stresses created by abrupt changes in the climate AND producing endless struggles between resource "haves" and "have-nots." Action on climate change is crucial even in the face of uncertainty - big picture claims are still true Mann ’12 (9/24/12 - Director of Penn State’s Earth System Science Center, Michael Mann authored ‘Dire Predictions’ and ‘The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars.’ This article was also published in the Huffington Post, FiveThirtyEight: The Number of Things Nate Silver Gets Wrong About Climate Change, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/24/898561/fivethirtyeight-the-number-of-things-nate-silver-gets-wrong-about-climate-change/ I suspect that Nate’s failing here arises from a sort of cultural bias. There AND also published at Huffington Post and was reprinted with permission from the author. Acting to mitigate warming is vital to reduce the risk of the worst impacts- using risk management is critical Roberts ’12 (What would it mean to treat climate change like a security threat? By David Roberts, Noted energy and climate expert, 15 Oct 2012 1:26 PM Climate change is a serious security risk to the United States — the Department of AND allow us to clarify where, and over what, we genuinely differ. Every bit of reduced emissions is good- lowers the damage and risk of extinction Nuccitelli ’12 (9-1 Dana Nuccitelli is an environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. This piece was originally published at Skeptical Science and was reprinted with permission. “Realistically What Might The Future Climate Look Like?” ThinkProgress http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/01/784931/realistically-what-might-the-future-climate-look-like/ This is Why Reducing Emissions is Critical We’re not yet committed to surpassing 2° AND adapt to the climate change consequences we have discussed here (Figure 4). Warming risks extinction Deibel ‘7 (Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2”) Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as AND States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet. 1AC- Solvency More federal funding for HTGR’s is required to reduce the risk of warming Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012 Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan, AND facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs. Climate change means we must advocate nuclear power- this advocacy for nuclear a vital response to the risk of mass suffering, death, and extinction from warming Baker 12 (Executive Director of PopAtomic Studios, the Nuclear Literacy Project (7/25/12, Suzy, Climate Change and Nuclear Energy: We Need to Talk, ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/07/25/climate-change-and-nuclear-energy-we-need-to-talk/) Ocean Acidification While I was making artistic monuments to single celled organisms in the ceramics AND stronger with the no-longer-silent climate change harbingers in it. Discussing the risk of catastrophic warming is crucial—it’s the only way to motivate response Romm ‘12 (Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 “Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm #88 on its list of 100 “people who are reinventing America.” Time named him a “Hero of the Environment″ and “The Web’s most influential climate-change blogger.” Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw $1 billion in RandD, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT., 2/26/2012, “Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of ‘Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages’ on Climate”, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/#more-432546) The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of doomsday AND by most of the rest of the media, intelligentsia and popular culture. Nuclear technocracy’s key –using the state is key and empirically effective Nordhaus 11 (chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta) Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology, AND simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature. Debate over technical energy policy improves decision-making and advocacy Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70) What is the role of the citizen in the modern technological state? As political AND vision of "technological democracy"-is an important outcome of grassroots action. Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political AND (DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security. Only US nuclear solves warming – the best empirical evidence proves Menyah 10 (Kojo, Yemane Wolde-Rufael, Professor of Economics at London Metropolitan Business School, London Metropolitan, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in the US, January / February 2010, Accessed Online @ Elseiver, Energy Policy 38 (2010) 2911–2915) Abstract This study explores the causal relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, AND the rest of the world to follow (Adamantiades and Kessides, 2009).
	03/29/2013	NDT - 2AC/1AR A2: Towson JR Tournament: NDT \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Towson JR \| Judge: Debate over technical energy policy improves decision-making and advocacy Hager ’92 (professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70) What is the role of the citizen in the modern technological state? As political AND vision of "technological democracy"-is an important outcome of grassroots action. Discussion of energy policymaking is required to pressure and alter decisions of policymakers Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political AND (DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security. Economic solutions are the only way to prevent extinction from warming- incentives and markets can be effective Wagner ‘11 Gernot, “But Will the Planet Notice? How Smart Economics Can Save the World.” Hill and Wang Press, p. 11-12 The fundamental forces guiding the behavior of billions are much larger than any one of AND than continue on the present path right off the edge of a cliff. The origin of language matters- using the language of the oppressor makes liberation impossible Cutter, 96 – University of Connecticut Institute for African American Studies director, English professor and editor of MELUS - Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States Martha, "Dismantling "The Master's House": Critical Literacy in Harriet Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl," Callaloo, 19.1, 1996, muse.jhu.edu/journals/callaloo/summary/v019/19.1cutter.html, accessed 2-11-13, mss In 1861, Harriet Jacobs published Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, AND nature of "the master's tools" and strives to move beyond them. Their overreliance on the style of signifying White notions of debate is doomed to failure because it allows white folks off the hook when it comes to questioning their complicity in stifling black voice. Unmasking their advocacy is the only way to achieve success. - Watts 2001 – Associate Professor of Media Studies at UNC Chapel Hill, PhD in rhetorical studies from Northwestern (Eric King, “Voice” and “voicelessness” in rhetorical studies, Quarterly Journal of Speech Volume 87, Issue 2, 2001 p. 189-191) The Acknowledgment of “Voice” “My Country” sounds a painful and joyful AND the ethics and emotions of African American speech, “voice” occurs. Their argument assumes we share their cultural history – if we attempted to use the black vernacular it would come across as disingenuous – this is a unique net benefit to the perm Brown 2002 – PhD @ UMich, Professor of Political Science and African Studies at Loyola Marymount (Antonio, “Performing "truth": Black speech acts,” African American Review36. 2 (Summer 2002): 213-225.) I posit that the form of "truth" asserted by the invocation of Black AND form communities, and such forms and formations are honored as cultural identifiers. Talking about the state does not mean we grant it legitimacy. Justifying proposals need specific solvency that works within the system ---- proves the alt lacks solvency Frost 96 Mervyn FROST, Professor, University of Kent Ethics In International Relations A Constitutive Theory, pp. 90-91 A first objection which seems inherent in Donelan's approach is that utilizing the modern state AND such as citizenship, rights under law, representative government and so on. Legacy of racism doesn’t preclude combating current oppression – working within the system can succeed Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity One such pitfall deserves further comment. Many conceptions of black identity include, if AND a collective ethnocultural identity that collapses these distinctions or misconstrues their current significance. Signifying collapses into nihilism – makes it impossible to solve historical forms of oppression. This directly answers their Lion Monkey analogy the potter ev is based upon Joyce 2008 – professor in the Department of English at Temple University, where, from 1997 to 2001, she was Chairperson of the Black Studies Department (Joyce Ann, “A Tinker's Damn Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and The Signifying Monkey Twenty Years Later,” Callaloo Volume 31, Number 2) Deconstruction allows, even demands, that its practitioners avoid exploring "the reason for AND to recognize if all we are prepared to see are linguistic games. Black critics must be responsible for producing political change – the alternative exacerbates the oppression of the status quo Joyce 1987 – professor in the Department of English at Temple University, where, from 1997 to 2001, she was Chairperson of the Black Studies Department ("Who the Cap Fit": Unconsciousness and Unconscionableness in the Criticism of Houston A. Baker, Jr., and Henry Louis Gates, Jr.,” New Literary History, Vol. 18, No. 2, Literacy, Popular Culture, and the Writing of History (Winter, 1987), pp. 371-384) Certainly, W. E. B. Du Bois was aware of this fact AND of superfluous allusions and Gates's glorification of nothingness in "The Signifying Monkey." apocalypticism is vital- only way to create activism Veldman 12 – Ph.D. candidate in religion at the University of Florida (Robin Globus, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists”, Ethics and the Environment, Volume 17, Number 1, Spring 2012, pp. 1-23, dml) As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that apocalyptic rhetoric induces feelings AND practice some form of activism, rather than giving way to fatalistic resignation. Warming crisis rhetoric is a unique reason to vote aff- vital to motivate people to action against warming Schatz 12 (JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-‐Of-‐ The-‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012)) It is no longer a question that human interaction with the world is destroying the AND either ecological metaphors or environmental reality we only get part of the picture.` Precautionary politics are good and solve the logic of security and emergency interventions Trombetta ‘8 (Maria Julia Trombetta, (Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures) 3/19/08 http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf The more we attempt to ‘colonize’ the future with the aid of the AND that has become a relevant norm within environmental politics.2323 especially true in the context of climate Trombetta ‘8 (Maria Julia, Professor of Economics of Infrastructures of Delft University of Technology, “The meaning and function of climate security” http://tudelft.academia.edu/MariaJuliaTrombetta/Papers/899481/The_meaning_and_function_of_climate_security) Constructivists and poststructuralists have challenged the narrow realist perspective suggesting that threats are socially constructed AND how the “climate security discourse” has evolved and transformed security practices. Their use of the black arts movement is inherently violent – the black/non black binary reinforces difference and incentivizes white audiences to adopt reactionary measures – simply recognizing fundamental difference solves Watts 2004 – Associate Professor of Media Studies at UNC Chapel Hill, PhD in rhetorical studies from Northwestern (Eric King, “The Ethos of a Black Aesthetic: An Exploration of Larry Neal's Visions of a Liberated Future,” The Ethos of Rhetoric ed. Michael Hyde, p. 101-103) In terms of exploring how the black aesthetic functioned as a mode of interpretive understanding AND invents a discourse that points the way out of the paradox of purity.
	03/29/2013	NDT - Case - 2AC/1AR A2: Towson JR Tournament: NDT \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: Towson JR \| Judge: -- Their link arguments are ontologically flawed – they homogenize and over-simplify technology. Tomasi 7 (Alessandro, Instructor in Philosophy at the University of Rhode Island, Human Studies, 30, “Technology and Intimacy in the Philosophy of Georges Bataille,” p. 414-415) The theory that technology is essentially instrumental is a typical example of a fix whose AND it to go into the open, such as when it stops functioning). The Aff’s a prerequisite to the Alt – only innovative responses to tech-induced environmental destruction enable reconceptualization of technology as more than an instrument. The Alt’s passive refusal leaves prevailing worldviews intact. Feenberg 7 (Andrew, Canada Research Chair in the Philosophy of Technology in the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University, Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, Volume 42, “Between Reason and Experience,” p. 24-27, http://www.sfu.ca/~andrewf/books/Between_Reason_and_Experience_DYP42.pdf) the process of developing these technologies environmental, medical and other concerns are brought to AND through nature and causality through freedom” (Marcuse, 1969: 31). Legacy of structural violence doesn’t preclude combating current oppression – working within the system can succeed Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity One such pitfall deserves further comment. Many conceptions of black identity include, if AND a collective ethnocultural identity that collapses these distinctions or misconstrues their current significance. Valuing nature as standing reserve is essential to the survival of all species Younkins 4 (Professor of Business Administration, Wheeling Jesuit (Edward, The Flawed Doctrine of Nature's Intrinsic Value, Quebecois Libre 147, http://www.quebecoislibre.org/04/041015-17.htm, gender modified) Environmentalists erroneously assign human values and concern to an amoral material sphere. When environmentalists AND negation of human values and betrays an underlying nihilism of the environmental movement.
	03/30/2013	NDT Rd 6 HTGRS 1AC Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: *1AC 1AC- Emissions The best new studies prove warming is occurring Plait ’11 (New independent climate study confirms global warming is real http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/21/new-independent-climate-study-confirms-global-warming-is-real/ October 21st, 2011 Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science. The study is called the Berkeley Earth Project (BEP), and what they found AND warming trends show up even if an individual result may be low quality. Prefer these peer-reviewed expert studies- key in the context of warming Stephens ’11 (Home » Vol 21 No 22 Bad week for Pell and AND authored with Donald R Rothwell, is The International Law of the Sea. The last couple of weeks have not been a good time to be a climate AND the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be. Nuclear is key to avoids coal emissions which will kill millions and ensure mass death from warming Ropeik ’12 (The Historic Roots, and Impacts, of Our Nuclear Fear David Ropeik is an instructor at Harvard, a consultant in risk perception, and author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. June 25, 2012 \| David Ropeik Originally published at Risk: Reason and Reality at Big Think. The Cuban missile crisis took place less than a month later, terrifying us, AND impedes development of nuclear power as one way to deal with climate change. Non-biased experts agree- nuclear advocacy is critical to reduce the risk of warming Kloor, 1-15 (NYU professor, former fellow at the University of Colorado’s Center for Environmental Journalism Keith, "The Pro-Nukes Environmental Movement," Mother Jones, 1-15-13, www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/pro-nuclear-power-environmental-movement James Hansen, NASA's top climate scientist, is one of the most impassioned and AND of global warming and energy, not a fantasy version of the problem. Allowing warming to continue perpetuates racist inequalities Hoerner 8—Former director of Research at the Center for a Sustainable Economy, Director of Tax Policy at the Center for Global Change at the University of Maryland College Park, and editor of Natural Resources Tax Review. He has done research on environmental economics and policy on behalf of the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Andrew received his B.A. in Economics from Cornell University and a J.D. from Case Western Reserve School of Law—AND—Nia Robins—former inaugural Climate Justice Corps Fellow in 2003, director of Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative (J. Andrew, “A Climate of Change African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S.” July 2008, http://www.ejcc.org/climateofchange.pdf) Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One AND points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent. Developed nations produce the most climate change, yet developing countries are hit the worst by its effects Carrington 11 – Head of the environment at The Guardian (Damian, “Map reveals stark divide in who caused climate change and who's being hit”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/damian-carrington-blog/2011/oct/26/climate-change-developing-country-impacts-risk?CMP=twt_gu, October 26th, 2011, KTOP) When the world's nations convene in Durban in November in the latest attempt to inch AND storm events may well increase as climate changes takes hold," says Beldon. Global warming fuels societal exclusion and prevents broader social awareness Klare 6 Michael.professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, 2006 March 10. http://www.alternet.org/environment/33243 "Violence and disruption stemming from the stresses created by abrupt changes in the climate AND producing endless struggles between resource "haves" and "have-nots." Acting to mitigate warming is vital to reduce the risk of the worst impacts- using risk management is critical Roberts ’12 (What would it mean to treat climate change like a security threat? By David Roberts, Noted energy and climate expert, 15 Oct 2012 1:26 PM Climate change is a serious security risk to the United States — the Department of AND allow us to clarify where, and over what, we genuinely differ. Every bit of reduced emissions is good- lowers the damage and risk of catastrophic consequences Nuccitelli ’12 (9-1 Dana Nuccitelli is an environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. This piece was originally published at Skeptical Science and was reprinted with permission. “Realistically What Might The Future Climate Look Like?” ThinkProgress http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/01/784931/realistically-what-might-the-future-climate-look-like/ This is Why Reducing Emissions is Critical We’re not yet committed to surpassing 2° AND adapt to the climate change consequences we have discussed here (Figure 4). 1AC- Solvency HTGR’s are key to reduce the risk of warming Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012 4. Minimizes Carbon Emissions – Environmental factors range from incremental advantages associated with fuel AND facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs. Climate change means we must advocate nuclear power- this advocacy for nuclear a vital response to the risk of mass suffering, death, and extinction from warming Baker 12 (Executive Director of PopAtomic Studios, the Nuclear Literacy Project (7/25/12, Suzy, Climate Change and Nuclear Energy: We Need to Talk, ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/07/25/climate-change-and-nuclear-energy-we-need-to-talk/) Ocean Acidification While I was making artistic monuments to single celled organisms in the ceramics AND stronger with the no-longer-silent climate change harbingers in it. Discussing the risk of catastrophic warming is crucial—it’s the only way to motivate response Romm ‘12 (Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 “Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm #88 on its list of 100 “people who are reinventing America.” Time named him a “Hero of the Environment″ and “The Web’s most influential climate-change blogger.” Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw $1 billion in RandD, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT., 2/26/2012, “Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of ‘Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages’ on Climate”, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/#more-432546) The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of doomsday AND by most of the rest of the media, intelligentsia and popular culture. Nuclear technocracy’s key Nordhaus 11 (chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta) Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology, AND simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature. HTGR’s burn waste Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198) 4. Nuclear Waste Management: The proper and secure management of spent nuclear fuel AND provide another waste management option in addition to the proposed Advanced Burner Reactor. HTGR’s critical to safer operation Moore ’11 (The HTGR is a game changer Posted on August 1, 2011 by dyurman\| 4 Comments By Fred Moore Fred Moore is the executive director of NGNP Industry Alliance, Ltd. He is also the global director of manufacturing and technology for the energy business of The Dow Chemical Company, where he is responsible for the safe and reliable production of power, steam, and other utilities for Dow globally. In spite of Japan’s Fukushima nuclear crisis and negative reverberations around the world, there AND can work in concert across the pond to bring this technology to commercialization. HTGR’s reduce the risk of meltdowns Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198) One primary type of HTGR is the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor or GT– AND in arid areas of the world that are in need of nuclear energy. HTGRs are uniquely cost competitive and able to be scaled up- only way to reduce the risk of warming globally Miller 8 (Jana, Nuclear Power International http://pepei.pennnet.com/display_article/332484/140/ARTCL/none/none/1/Powering-Up-a-Growing-Nation/ Powering Up a Growing Nation/ June 2008) According to Wu, the HTR-10’s design is tailor-made for the AND commercially meeting the future environmentally friendly needs of global power generation,” Wu said New tech is key to reduce the risk of warming globally- out competes fossil fuels Benedict ’12 (Buying climate stability BY KENNETTE BENEDICT \| 20 SEPTEMBER 2012 Kennette Benedict AND served in the Massachusetts State Planning agency on law enforcement and criminal justice. Yet, once the cycle of investment in new energy technologies on a trillion- AND path. This would be a win-win-win for everyone. Relying on individual-level strategies fails in the context of warming Monbiot ‘4 (George Monbiot, journalist, academic, and political and environmental activist, 2004, Manifesto for a New World Order, p. 11-13 The quest for global solutions is difficult and divisive. Some members of this movement AND to prevent climate change from destroying the conditions it requires for its survival. Debate over technical energy policy improves decision-making and advocacy Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70) What is the role of the citizen in the modern technological state? As political AND vision of "technological democracy"-is an important outcome of grassroots action. Our technical discussion of HTGRs is key to take it to the next level Herbeck and Isham 10 http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/775 Jon Isham Associate Professor of Economics, Middlebury College In the fall of 1999, Jon joined the department of economics and the AND and the effect of local social capital on environmental outcomes in Vermont. Herbeck, member of the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources and the Honors College. Getting to 350 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere will require massive investments AND , including those on pressing issues related to climate change and clean energy. Debates about climate forecasting are critical to generate action to solve Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf) Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience AND engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making. Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political AND (DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security.
	03/30/2013	NDT Rd 6 Whiteness K 2AC Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: 2AC Warming Reps Good- Apocalyptic rhetoric is vital- only way to create activism Veldman 12 – Ph.D. candidate in religion at the University of Florida (Robin Globus, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists”, Ethics and the Environment, Volume 17, Number 1, Spring 2012, pp. 1-23, dml) As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that apocalyptic rhetoric induces feelings AND practice some form of activism, rather than giving way to fatalistic resignation. Warming crisis rhetoric is a unique reason to vote aff- vital to motivate people to action against warming Schatz 12 (JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-‐Of-‐ The-‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012)) It is no longer a question that human interaction with the world is destroying the AND either ecological metaphors or environmental reality we only get part of the picture.` Accessibility Our technical discussion of HTGRs is key to take it to the next level- accessible in numerous communities- empirically effective Herbeck and Isham 10 http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/775 Jon Isham Associate Professor of Economics, Middlebury College In the fall of 1999, Jon joined the department of economics and the program in environmental studies at Middlebury College. Jon teaches classes in environmental economics, environmental policy, introductory microeconomics, social capital in Vermont, and global climate change. Jon is co-editing a new book, Ignition: The Birth of the Climate Movement; has co-edited Social Capital, Development, and the Environment (Edward Elgar Publications); has published articles (several forthcoming) in Economic Development and Cultural Change, The Journal of African Economies, The Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Rural Sociology, Society and Natural Resources, The Southern Economic Journal, The Vermont Law Review, and the World Bank Economic Review; and has published book chapters in volumes from Ashgate Press, The New England University Press, Oxford University Press, and Cambridge University Press. His current research focuses on building the new climate movement; the demand for water among poor households in Cambodia; information asymmetries in low-income lending; and the effect of local social capital on environmental outcomes in Vermont. Herbeck, member of the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources and the Honors College. Getting to 350 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere will require massive investments AND , including those on pressing issues related to climate change and clean energy. Speed Time Constraints from speaking fast force you to become more efficient—improving real world education and preparation Erwin Chemerinsky 2001, the Sydney M. Irmas Professor of Public Interest Law, Legal Ethics and Political Science at the University of Southern California School of Law, Fall 2001, (Speech presented as the Keynote Address at the Tahoe Conference on Academic Debate, Argumentation and Advocacy. River Falls: Fall 2001.Vol.38, Iss. 2; pg. 63) Second, in terms of things I gained, are all of the skills I AND and prepares one for juggling the many things as we all must do. Turn—Speaking Fast is necessary in real life political and legal debates Erwin Chemerinsky 2001, the Sydney M. Irmas Professor of Public Interest Law, Legal Ethics and Political Science at the University of Southern California School of Law, Fall 2001, (Speech presented as the Keynote Address at the Tahoe Conference on Academic Debate, Argumentation and Advocacy. River Falls: Fall 2001.Vol.38, Iss. 2; pg. 63) Frankly, there are a few things that I learned in debate that haven't mattered AND able to talk very fast to get one's points in is a necessity. AT: Whiteness Their argument elevates white supremacy to an all-pervasive force that explains nearly all global oppression---this conceptual expansion hides the actual practice of racism and makes breaking it down more difficult Andersen 3 – Margaret L. Andersen, Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies and Vice Provost for Academic Affairs at the University of Delaware, 2003, “Whitewashing Race: A Critical Perspective on Whiteness,” in White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism, edDoaneand Bonilla-Silva, p. 28 Conceptually, one of the major problems in the whiteness literature is the reification of AND come to mean just about everything, it ends up meaning hardly anything. Perm The Anti-Coal movement is polycentric and coalitional – it brings together multiples agents of resistance by targeting specific Coal plants like those that poison each breath of air we breathe ourselves AND by challenging the larger global system of fossil fuel powered injustice Russell 9 – Grassroots Action Organizer Joshua Kahn Russell is the grassroots actions organizer at Rainforest Action Network and was an organizer on the Capitol Climate Action, May 2009, Z Magazine, http://www.zcommunications.org/climate-justice-and-coals-funeral-procession-by-joshua-kahn-russell The pace of direct actions against coal has sharply increased since 2004. These campaigns AND coal as one strand of a robust frontline-led climate justice movement. Science Knowledge Our 1AC teaches debaters how to speak in the language of experts---that solves cession of science and politics to ideological elites –only way to speak truth to power Hoppe 99 Robert Hoppe is Professor of Policy and knowledge in the Faculty of Management and Governance at Twente University, the Netherlands. "Argumentative Turn" Science and Public Policy, volume 26, number 3, June 1999, pages 201–210 works.bepress.com ACCORDING TO LASSWELL (1971), policy science is about the production and application of AND and to a broader audience of an ideologically disoriented and politically disenchanted citizenry. Monbiot Global warming movements are coming now thanks to a decline in identity politics --- their strategy crushes those movements --- causes extinction George Monbiot, English Writer and Environmental and Political Activist, 9-4-2008, “Identity Politics in Climate Change Hell,” http://www.celsias.com/article/identity-politics-climate-change-hell/ If you want a glimpse of how the movement against climate change could crumble faster AND this urgent task into the identity politics that have wrecked so many movements. AT: Aesthetics Their use of the black arts movement is inherently violent – the black/non black binary reinforces difference and incentivizes white audiences to adopt reactionary measures – simply recognizing fundamental difference solves Watts 2004 – Associate Professor of Media Studies at UNC Chapel Hill, PhD in rhetorical studies from Northwestern (Eric King, “The Ethos of a Black Aesthetic: An Exploration of Larry Neal's Visions of a Liberated Future,” The Ethos of Rhetoric ed. Michael Hyde, p. 101-103) In terms of exploring how the black aesthetic functioned as a mode of interpretive understanding AND a discourse that points the way out of the paradox of purity. Personal Exp Bad Empiricism is good and personal experience backfires A- Defer to expert assessments of systemic conditions – allowing any opinion misdiagnoses the problem and causes more harm to disenfranchised communities Hart 2013 – associate professor of psychology in the departments of psychiatry and psychology at Columbia University, is a research fellow at the Institute for Research in African-American Studies at Columbia and a research scientist at the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Carl, “Keep to Your Expertise,” http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/02/04/do-black-intellectuals-need-to-talk-about-race/on-race-issues-academics-should-keep-to-their-expertise) The strange proposition that black intellectuals – regardless of their training – are “race AND And the listening community has the obligation of distinguishing informed opinion from tweets. Code Switching Code-switching naturalizes linguistic communities and covers over the hybridity that is proper to all language - We are always code-switching and insisting that one particular language code is necessary for communication with a particular population risks essentialism Mellom 6 - Assistant Research Scientist for CLASE; Center for Latino Achievement and Success in Education CODE-SWITCHING AT A BILINGUAL SCHOOL IN COSTA RICA: IDENTITY, INTERTEXTUALITY AND NEW ORTRAITS OF COMPETENCE, PAULA JEAN MELLOM http://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/9023/mellom_paula_j_200605_phd.pdf?sequence=1 On the other hand, some sociolinguists have tended to view code-switching as AND asserts that we must remember that all “standard languages” are hybrids. 1AR Their argument assumes we share their cultural history – if we attempted to use the black vernacular it would come across as disingenuous Brown 2002 – PhD @ UMich, Professor of Political Science and African Studies at Loyola Marymount (Antonio, “Performing "truth": Black speech acts,” African American Review36. 2 (Summer 2002): 213-225.) I posit that the form of "truth" asserted by the invocation of Black AND form communities, and such forms and formations are honored as cultural identifiers.
	03/31/2013	Grid Advantage - NDT Round 8 Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Grid failure coming now- will shut down US military operations Stockon ’11 (Paul Stockton 11, assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs, “Ten Years After 9/11: Challenges for the Decade to Come”, http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11 The cyber threat to the DIB is only part of a much larger challenge to AND system over which it does not – and never will – exercise control. Grid decline collapses military operations CNA 9 (Center for Naval Analyses Military Adviser Board, Chaired by General Charles Wald, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM), May 2009, Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security, https://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/Powering%20Americas%20Defense.pdf Our vulnerabilities from energy use are not limited to battlefields and forward operating bases; AND to the security and reliability of our system of energy production and delivery. Effective US military power prevents extinction Barnett ’11 Thomas Barnett, Professor, Warfare Analysis and Research Dept – U.S. Naval War College, 3/7/11, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads AND the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding. Decline causes extinction Brooks, Ikenberry and Wohlforth ‘13 Stephen Brooks, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, John Wohlforth, Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, Lean Forward, EBSCO Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall AND an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous. States will inevitably compete for relative status–only primacy can prevent conflict Wohlforth 9 (Professor of government at Dartmouth, (William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War” World Politics, 61:1, January, Project Muse) Second, I question the dominant view that status quo evaluations are relatively independent of AND ways that directly contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity.
	03/31/2013	Water Advantage - NDT Round 8 Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Water scarcity coming now - it's a threat multiplier that enflames hotspots globally. Specifically, true in the Middle East and the North Africa- their defense isn't predictive Dinar ’12 (et al 10/18/12 SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations and associate director of the School of International and Public Affairs at Florida International University. LUCIA DE STEFANO is associate professor at Complutense University of Madrid and researcher at the Water Observatory of the Botín Foundation. JAMES DUNCAN is consultant on natural resource governance and geography with the World Bank. KERSTIN STAHL is senior scientist at the Institute of Hydrology in the University of Freiburg. KENNETH M. STRZEPEK is research scientist with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. AARON T. WOLF is a professor of geography in the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, Foreign Affairs, October 18, 2012, "No Wars for Water", http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138208/shlomi-dinar-lucia-de-stefano-james-duncan-kerstin-stahl-kenneth/no-wars-for-water?page=show In short, predictions of a Water World War are overwrought. However, tensions AND , freshwater will only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions. North Africa instability escalates Glick ‘7 (Caroline Glick 7, deputy managing editor of The Jerusalem Post, Senior Fellow for Middle East Affairs of the Center for Security Policy, “Condi's African holiday”, December 11, http://www.rightsidenews.com/20071211309/editorial/us-opinion-and-editorial/our-world-condis-african-holiday.html) The Horn of Africa is a AND regional actors and global powers. Best studies prove it will cause African instability Montenegro ‘9 (Maywa, editor and writer at Seed magazine, “The Truth About Water Wars,” May 14, 2009 http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_truth_about_water_wars/) It’s often been said that the next resource wars will be fought not over oil AND , conflicts will likely intensify, requiring new and rapid adaptive security strategies.” The best scholarship proves water wars are real Dinar ‘2 SAIS Review 22.2 (2002) 229-253 Water AND Framework for Hydropolitics," International Negotiation 5, no. 2 (2000). The dichotomy of conflict and cooperation over water and its relationship to national and regional AND their need to access sufficient and clean freshwater in security and nationalist terms. Water scarcity causes Middle East war Priyadarshi ‘12 (Nitish Priyadarshi 12, lecturer in the department of environment and water management at Ranchi University in India, “War for water is not a far cry”, June 16, http://www.cleangangaportal.org/node/44 The crisis over water in the Middle East is escalating. Despite existing agreements, AND ), has created friction between the State of Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Uniquely high risk of Middle east war Singh ’11 (Singh, Washington Institute director, 9-22-11 (Michael, “What has really changed in the Middle East?”, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/09/22/what_has_really_changed_in_the_middle_east, DOA; 10-14-11) Third, and most troubling, the Middle East is likely to be a more AND nuclear weapon, which would shift any contest for regional primacy into overdrive. Middle East war goes nuclear Bar ’11 Dr. Shmuel Bar, Director of Studies at the Institute of AND Apply to a Nuclear Iran?”, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, 2011 A nuclear Middle East will be very different from the Cold War in a wide AND strike capability may well strengthen the tendency to opt for a first strike.
	03/31/2013	Solvency - NDT Round 8 Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Solar deployment key to prevent coming grid collapse Deason and Castillo ’11 (Jonathan P. Deason, lead professor, Environmental and AND Theory Modeling and Simulation Approaches Ariel S. Castillo, Jonathan P. Deason Congressional Research Service report RS21985 in 2005 identiﬁed government actions needed to protect the fragile AND hybrid vehicles could provide an opportunity to store energy for nighttime operations. Solar vital to solving mission critical bases Deason and Castillo ’11 (Jonathan P. Deason, lead professor, Environmental and AND Theory Modeling and Simulation Approaches Ariel S. Castillo, Jonathan P. Deason Military personnel is an important mission parameter since it is necessary for the DoD to AND , whereas the land and cost parameters have greater preferences for lower numbers. CPV solar is key to solve water shortages Dvorsky ’12 (George P. Dvorsky is a Canadian bioethicist, transhumanist, futurist, and producer of the Sentient Developments blog and podcast. Dvorsky is a co-founder and president of the Toronto Transhumanist Association, and currently serves as Chair of the Board for the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET).12 L0 annotationsHide DAILY EXPLAINER GEORGE DVORSKY 8/24/12 11:30am g 124L 91 How soon can we use the oceans to quench the world's thirst? Which each AND to the traditional method of desalination which uses hot water to distill seawater. Conentrating solar tech is key to effective MENA desal Zafar ‘12 (2012, Salman, “Desalination Outlook for MENA”, http://www.ecomena.org/tag/solar-powered-desalination/) Desalination is a water treatment process that separates salts from saline water to produce potable AND thus diverting funds to much-needed educational, health and industrial sectors. CPV solar is uniquely key to Middle East desal Mesbah’13 (Soitec commits to provide Middle East with full range of CPV solutions at WFES 2013 United Arab Emirates: Tuesday, January 15 - 2013 at 11:56 Posted by Rana Mesbah Tuesday, January 15 - 2013 at 11:56 UAE local time (GMT+4) "Meeting the world's growing demands for clean, reliable energy will require both large AND efficiency, eliminates any reliance on fuel supplies and needs very little maintenance. Military solar CPV is key to bases and commercialization MacDonald ’11 (Bob MacDonald, holds a BSEE from Brown University, MSEE from Stanford University, and MS and Ph.D. in Physics from Brown University, Solar Industry expert, published SEP. 1, 2011) As energy use by the U.S. military grows — the Department of AND provide the same cost per watt that CPV can deliver in desert environments. DOD is key to effective solar Kaplan ’10 (The Marines Go Green How the military's shift to renewable fuel could lower the entire nation's energy costs. By Fred Kaplan\|Posted Wednesday, Oct. 6, 2010, at 4:51 PM Fred Kaplan Fred Kaplan is Slate's "War Stories" columnist and author of the book, The Insurgents: David Petraeus and the Plot to Change the American Way of War. He can be reached at war_stories@hotmail.com. Follow him on Twitter. The U.S. military is rushing to deploy solar-energy equipment on AND might very well be paved through the fighting fields and villages of Afghanistan. Only DOD solves Pentland ’12 (William Pentland Contributor GREEN TECH \| 2/06/2012 @ 7:04PM \|14,615 views The Military's Green Tech Strategy 15 comments, 12 called-out Comment Now Follow Comments Above and beyond the benefits these projects provide to the military itself, they provide AND and implementation stages. I’d love to see more of those pilot projects. Military solar is uniquely effective- PPA’s are key Price ’12 (Solar Energy at Military Bases, Once Too Expensive, Is Now Within Easy Reach June 2012 By Tom Price INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Tom Price is director of policy and market strategies at CleanPath Ventures, a San Francisco-based solar energy development and finance firm. For decades, solar has been stuck in one of two forms: Either fairly AND . It really is the lowest impact of all the technologies I’ve seen.” Military solar PPA’s key to solve Price ’12 (Solar Energy at Military Bases, Once Too Expensive, Is Now Within Easy Reach June 2012 By Tom Price INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Tom Price is director of policy and market strategies at CleanPath Ventures, a San Francisco-based solar energy development and finance firm. VNM can also crack a challenge most solar customers don’t have: security. A AND , then that will allow virtual net metering to really go to scale.” CPV tech is cheap and efficient Leitner ‘2 (Leitner received a PhD in superconductor physics from the University of AND Western Energy Supply Dr. Arnold Leitner Senior Consultant, RDI Consulting July 2002 PV cells using multiple semiconductor junctions are capable of converting a much larger spectrum of AND possible, and worthwhile, which increases overall system efficiency and capacity factors.
	03/31/2013	Plan - NDT Round 8 Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: The Department of Defense should enter into power-purchase agreements of concentrated photovoltaic solar power in the United States.
	03/31/2013	2AC Neolib Kritik - NDT Round 8 Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political AND (DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security. Method focus is flawed and causes paradigm wars Jackson, associate professor of IR – School of International Service @ American University, ‘11 (Patrick Thadeus, The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations, p. 57-59) Perhaps the greatest irony of this instrumental, decontextualized importation of “falsification” and AND goal that, ironically, Popper and Kuhn and Lakatos would all reject. The system’s sustainable and the alt can’t solve Kaletsky ’10 (Anatole, Masters in Economics from Harvard, Honour-Degree Graduate at King’s AND Washington correspondent of the Financial Times and a business writer on The Economist, The world did not end. Despite all the forebodings of disaster in the 2007 AND Napoleonic Wars of 1803– 15. Hence the title of this book. Neolib inevitable and the alt fails Jones ‘11 (Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001 AND of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose. The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, and flips their impacts Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827) Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human AND are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984). The transition will fail and flip every impact Monbiot 9 – George Monbiot, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London (environmental science, August 17, 2009, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?,” online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change The interesting question, and the one that probably divides us, is this: AND and exploit almost every possible resource – in the absence of political restraint. Maximizing life is key- all lives have value Schwartz ‘2 (L Schwartz, medical ethicist, 2002, Medical ethics: a case based approach, www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf Supporters of the sanctity of life ethic dismiss considerations about quality and quantity because, AND However, it will be necessary to justify any violation of this right. Negative peace precedes positive peace—absence of war is a prerequisite to social justice. Folk ’78 (Jerry Folk, Professor of Religious and Peace Studies at Bethany College, 1978 ("Peace Education – Peace Studies Programs: Towards an Integrated Approach," Peace and Change, Volume 5, Number 1, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via JSTOR, p. 58) Those proponents of the positive peace approach who reject out of hand the work of AND view the field essentially from the point of view of negative peace.13 Pragmatism demands action – we must avoid the trap of never-ending search for truth in ontological or epistemological investigations Kratochwil ‘8 – professor of international relations at European University Institute (Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213) Firstly, a pragmatic approach does not begin with objects or “things” ( AND Besides, “timing” seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment. Markets key to peace Gartzke ‘9 (The Capitalist Peace Erik Gartzke Columbia University 2009 Erik Gartzke is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University The discovery that democracies seldom fight each other has led, quite reasonably, to AND peace, even accounting for the well-documented role of liberal politics. Cap key to solve resource scarcity- their ev is biased Taylor ‘2 (Jerry Taylor, Cato Natural Resource Studies Director, 02 “Sustainable Development: A Dubious Solution in Search of a Problem,” August 26, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa449.pdf If resources are growing more abundant while the concentration of pollutants in air sheds and AND . Accordingly, they provide little help to policy analysts or political leaders. It’s sustainable- no limits to growth Sagoff 97 (Mark, Director of the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy and Professor of Philosophy at George Mason University “Do We Consume Too Much?” June http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/97jun/consume.htm These prudential and economic arguments are not likely to succeed much longer. It is AND -range goal to decrease their materials intensity by a factor of ten. Capitalism is being transformed by new clean tech- this avoids their impacts Chichilnisky ’10 (Professor Graciela Chichilnisky was the architect of the Carbon Market, and lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change which won the 2007 Nobel Prize. She is UNESCO professor of mathematics and economics, director of Columbia Consortium for Risk Management and professor of economics statistics at Columbia University, NY, 10 (“will 20th century capitalism go green?”, The Ecologist, 9/21/10, Capitalism is transforming itself. Having caused the worst environmental excesses of the 20th century AND side. The longer it takes, the greater the risk we face. Tech solves the environment, and the perm solves best Park ’12 Mi Park, PhD at Dalhousie University, “Imagining a Just and Sustainable Society: a Critique of Alternative Economic Models in the Global Justice Movement”, Critical Sociology, published online 2-13-2012 at SAGE Journals Many critics of globalization believe that economic expansion, regardless of resource regimes, is AND model is premised on the notion of decoupling economic growth from ecological degradation. Alt fails without solar tech push- perm solves best Scheer ‘2 (Former Asst. Prof. of Economics at the University of Stuttgart, Member of German Parliament, Hermann, The Solar Economy: Renewable Energy for a Sustainable Global Future) Nevertheless, the physiocrats did formulate the basic principles of what we now call 'sustainable AND new power-generation technologies and the breadth and depth of scientific knowledge. The status quo is structurally improving Indur Goklany 10, policy analyst for the Department of the Interior – phd from MSU, “Population, Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Human Well-Being in the Age of Industrialization (Part III — Have Higher US Population, Consumption, and Newer Technologies Reduced Well-Being?)”, April 24, http://www.masterresource.org/2010/04/population-consumption-carbon-emissions-and-human-well-being-in-the-age-of-industrialization-part-iii-have-higher-us-population-consumption-and-newer-technologies-reduced-well-being/#more-9194 In my previous post I showed that, notwithstanding the Neo-Malthusian worldview, AND , but misses the larger picture, despite pretensions to a holistic worldview. No impact to the environment- hype Ridder ‘8 – PhD, School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania (Ben, Biodiversity And Conservation, 17.4, “Questioning the ecosystem services argument for biodiversity conservation”) *ES = environmental services The low resilience assumption Advocates of the conservation of biodiversity tend not to acknowledge the distinction between resilient and AND associated with any use of economic arguments to justify the conservation of biodiversity. Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford, AND azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013) When quite a number of scholars simultaneously and independently of one another arrive at very AND But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.
	03/31/2013	2AC Case - NDT Round 8 Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Water The alt is circular polemics – our epistemology of water conflict scholarship is really good and good is good enough Dinar 2 SAIS Review 22.2 (2002) 229-253 Water, Security, Conflict, and Cooperation Shlomi Dinar is a Ph.D. candidate at the Johns Hopkins University School AND Framework for Hydropolitics," International Negotiation 5, no. 2 (2000). Can some sort of compromise be sought in this ongoing debate? One issue often AND freshwater issues affect the likelihood of violence, war, or peace. 29 Realism Best studies prove heg is key to reduce violence Owen ’11 John Owen is an associate professor of politics at the University of Virginia, 2/11/11, “Don’t Discount Hegemony,” http://www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/ Andrew Mack and his colleagues at the Human Security Report Project are to be congratulated AND U.S. material and moral support for liberal democracy remains strong. Their Blanket Critique of Realism is Ethically Irresponsible - The Aff is Necessary to Productively Use U.S. Power - The Alternative Ensures Mass Slaughter Reus-Smit ‘4 (Christian Reus-Smit, Prof. of IR at Australian National University, ‘2004 American Power and World Order p. 109-115) The second, frequently invoked, ethical position is that hegemony is justified if the AND is needed than the simple yet enticing proposition that might is never right. AT: Middle East Have to view Middle East and North African conflict using a security lens Kamanga ‘8 (Tanzania: Conflict Looms Large in the Nile Basin, http://allafrica.com/stories/200805230453.html, 23 May 2008, Khoti Chilomba Kamanga) I hazard to say that while there is no conventional battle as such at the AND interests and this is why it carries with it, seeds of conflict.
	03/31/2013	1AR Kritik - NDT Round 8 Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: AT: Ontology Ontology is silly and irrelevant to resolution of the political- the alt fails Gathman 9 http://limitedinc.blogspot.com/2009/10/dialectics-of-diddling.html Professional editor, translator, publishes pieces in salon.com and Austin Chronicle IT – and I will interrupt the continuity of this post in the very first AND a privileged metaphor for the other. There's nothing more political than this. 1AR- Sustianable Market forces are sustainable and good Matthews 11 Richard Matthews, eco-entrepreneur, eco-investor, sustainable writer, “Is Capitalism Sustainable?”, The Green Market, 5-12-2011, http://thegreenmarket.blogspot.com/2011/05/is-capitalism-sustainable.html Business has created the environmental crisis and now the same capitalist system that was behind AND . One such arrangement involves the new partnerships between corporations and environmental organizations. People will always want capitalism- alt can’t solve Zakaria 9 (Fareed, Former Editor of Newsweek International, Current Editor-at-Large of Time, “The Capitalism Manifesto: Greed is Good,” June 13th, http://www.newsweek.com/2009/06/12/the-capitalist-manifesto-greed-is-good.html, EMM) A few years from now, strange as it may sound, we might all AND against liberalization and got their worst drubbing at the polls in 40 years. Alt Fails No mindset shift and no alt solvency Matthew Lockwood 11, previously Associate Director for Climate, Transport and Energy at the Institute for Public Policy Research, “The Limits to Environmentalism”, March 25, http://politicalclimate.net/2011/03/25/the-limits-to-environmentalism-4/ This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson AND to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart. Their alt can’t overcome inevitability- only the perm solves- the alt gets absorbed into the system Skonieczny ’10 (Interrupting Inevitability: Globalization and Resistance Amy Skonieczny* Alternatives 35 (2010), 1–27 Prof at San Francisco State University, CA. E-mail: askonie@sfsu.edu Critics of globalization, then, must deride inevitability arguments by pointing to the disruptions AND and vision of globalization and enables it to subsume most criticism and opposition. 1AR- Environment EKC is accurate- best new studies prove Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ﬁve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect) The recent studies on the other hand improved our understanding in at least two ways AND gradually become a solution to environmental problems and no policy action is necessary. Innovation and adaptation make growth sustainable---green tech investment solves warming and poverty Harte and Harte 12 John, Professor of Ecosystem Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley and Mary Ellen, biologist and columnist who writes on climate change and population, “Alarmism Is Justified”, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Sep/Oct 2012, Vol. 91, Issue 5 The Limits to Growth predicted catastrophe: humanity would deplete natural resources and pollute itself AND of poor people who require, above all, more and faster growth. 1ar- things getting better I’ll finish Lomborg- Lomborg 11 Bjorn Lomborg, directs the Copenhagen Consensus Center and is the author of The Skeptical Environmentalist and Cool It, Newsweek, June 12, 2011, "A Roadmap for the Planet", http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/06/12/bjorn-lomborg-explains-how-to-save-the-planet.html# such as Beijing, New Delhi, and Mexico City. But remember what AND in poor places where slash-and-burn is preferable to starvation.

Date

Entry

09/22/2012

GSU AFF - SMRs

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

1AC-

The United States federal government should substantially increase power-purchase agreements of Small Modular Reactors.

The best new unbiased studies prove warming is occurring

Plait ’11 (New independent climate study confirms global warming is real http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/21/new-independent-climate-study-confirms-global-warming-is-real/ October 21st, 2011 Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science.

The study is called the “ “ result may be low quality.

Global Warming is real and anthropogenic – multiple warrants.

Romm 10 (Jon, Editor of Climate Progress, Senior Fellow at the American Progress, former Acting Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Disputing the “consensus” on global warming,” http://climateprogress.org/2010/06/16/scientific-consensus-on-global-warming-climate-science/,)

A good example of how scientific “ “ science and the likely impacts we face on our current emissions path — an understanding that has grown increasingly dire in recent years (see “An illustrated guide to the latest climate science” and “An introduction to global warming impacts: Hell and High Water“).

Prefer these peer-reviewed studies- evidence to the contrary is flawed

Stephens ’11 (Home » Vol 21 No 22 > Bad week for Pell and climate change deniers ENVIRONMENT Bad week for Pell and climate change deniers TIM STEPHENS NOVEMBER 06, 2011 Dr Tim Stephens is Director of the Sydney Centre for International Law, at the Faculty of Law, University of Sydney and a parishioner at St Joan of Arc, Haberfield, NSW. He holds a masters degree in geography from the University of Cambridge, a doctorate in international environmental law from the University of Sydney, and writes on climate change science, policy and law. His latest book, co-authored with Donald R Rothwell, is The International Law of the Sea.

The last couple of weeks have not been a “ “, Pell's pseudo-science should be ignored, and the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be.

Developed nations produce the most climate change, yet developing countries are hit the worst by its effects

Carrington 11 – Head of the environment at The Guardian (Damian, “Map reveals stark divide in who caused climate change and who's being hit”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/damian-carrington-blog/2011/oct/26/climate-change-developing-country-impacts-risk?CMP=twt_gu, October 26^th, 2011, KTOP)

When the “ “ storm events may well increase as climate changes takes hold," says Beldon.

The United States has a responsibility to act against global warming

Claussen 6 (Eileen, October 5, “Climate Change: The State of The Question and The Search For The Answer”, President of the PEW center for climate change, http://www.pewclimate.org/press_ room/speech_transcripts/stjohns2of2.cfm)

But Africa produces just 2 to 3 percent of worldwide “ “ on the ecosystems that support all life on earth. So why, then, have we failed to take responsibility? Why has there been such an absence of political will?

Warming causes devastating global impacts that the US causes

Stern 07 – Head of the British Government Economic Service, and Former Head Economist for the World Bank, I.G. Panel Chair at the London School of Economics and Political Science (Nicholas, “The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review”, Cambridge University Press, p. 29, KTOP)

The incremental impact of a tonne of GHG is “ “ starting point, whereas poor countries will be particularly badly hit.

Warming kills the biosphere – causes extinction

Costello 11 (Anthony, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mark Maslin, Department of Geography, University College London, Hugh Montgomery, Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College London, Anne M. Johnson, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Paul Ekins, Energy Institute, University College London [“Global health and climate change: moving from denial and catastrophic fatalism to positive action” May 2011 vol. 369 no. 1942 1866-1882 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society)

Advocacy about the health consequences will ensure that “ “ many environments uninhabitable.

Warming causes extinction

Deibel ‘7 (Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2”)

Finally, there is one major “ “ not only to the security and prosperity to the United States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.

Warming is scientifically proven- not a constructed threat

Trombetta ‘8 (Maria Julia Trombetta, (Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures) 3/19/08 http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf

The environmental sector is rather “ “ problem, how is it possible to provide security?

SMR’s are an energy game changer- but purchasing agreements are key to jump-start the industry

Madia (Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the NAL at Stanford and was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) ‘12 (William Madia, Stanford Energy Journal, Dr. Madia serves as Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University. Previously, he was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2000-2004 and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory from 1994-1999., “SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY”, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Small_Modular_Reactors_by_William_Madia, Spring 2012, LEQ)

There is a new type of nuclear power “ “ consider SMRs as a key component of our national energy strategy.

And United States is key- capable of quick mass producing SMR’s - US key to global spillover of tech- significant reduction of emissions

Rosner, Goldberg, and Hezir et. al. ‘11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., Many people have made generous and valuable contributions to this study. Professor Geoff Rothwell, Stanford University, provided the study team with the core and supplemental analyses and very timely and pragmatic advice. Dr. J’Tia Taylor, Argonne National Laboratory, supported Dr. Rothwell in these analyses. Deserving special mention is Allen Sanderson of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago, who provided insightful comments and suggested improvements to the study. Constructive suggestions have been received from Dr. Pete Lyons, DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; Dr. Pete Miller, former DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; John Kelly, DOE Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies; Matt Crozat, DOE Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy; Vic Reis, DOE Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for Science; and Craig Welling, DOE Deputy Office Director, Advanced Reactor Concepts Office, as well as Tim Beville and the staff of DOE’s Advanced Reactor Concepts Office. The study team also would like to acknowledge the comments and useful suggestions the study team received during the peer review process from the nuclear industry, the utility sector, and the financial sector. Reviewers included the following: Rich Singer, VP Fuels, Emissions, and Transportation, MidAmerican Energy Co.; Jeff Kaman, Energy Manager, John Deere; Dorothy R. Davidson, VP Strategic Programs, AREVA; T. J. Kim, Director—Regulatory Affairs and Licensing, Generation mPower, Babcock and Wilcox; Amir Shahkarami, Senior Vice President, Generation, Exelon Corp.; Michael G. Anness, Small Modular Reactor Product Manager, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Matthew H. Kelley and Clark Mykoff, Decision Analysis, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; George A. Davis, Manager, New Plant Government Programs, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Christofer Mowry, President, Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc.; Ellen Lapson, Managing Director, Fitch Ratings; Stephen A. Byrne, Executive Vice President, Generation and Transmission Chief Operating Officer, South Carolina Electric and Gas Company; Paul Longsworth, Vice President, New Ventures, Fluor; Ted Feigenbaum, Project Director, Bechtel Corp.; Kennette Benedict, Executive Director, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist; Bruce Landrey, CMO, NuScale; Dick Sandvik, NuScale; and Andrea Sterdis, Senior Manager of Strategic Nuclear Expansion, Tennessee Valley Authority. The authors especially would like to acknowledge the discerning comments from Marilyn Kray, Vice-President at Exelon, throughout the course of the study, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power”, http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf, November 2011, LEQ)

As stated earlier, SMRs have the “ “ in commercial nuclear technology, which has been lost to suppliers in France, Japan, Korea, Russia, and, now rapidly emerging, China.

Nuclear power expansion is key to solve warming- solves electricity sector, transportation, and industrial applications

Spencer ‘9 (April 7, 2009 Where Is Nuclear Energy in the Markey-Waxman Energy Bill? by Jack Spencer WebMemo #2386, Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation.

Congressmen Ed Markey (D-MA) and Henry “ “ not be invested. These private investments will ultimately be what is needed for the nation to achieve the goals set forth by the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009.

Nuclear is sustainable and doesn’t cause emissions

Gronlund 7 )Nuclear power in a Warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, Lisbeth Gronlund; David Lochbaum; Edwin Lyman, Union of Concerned Scientists, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear-power-in-a-warming-world.pdf

Nuclear power plants “ “ in very low emissions. 7

Nuclear is the only option quick enough to reverse the impacts of warming

McCarthy 4 (Michael McCarthy, Lovelock: 'Only nuclear power can now halt global warming' Published May 23 2004 by Independent UK, Archived May 23 2004, http://www.energybulletin.net/node/320) JD

On that basis, he says, there is simply not “ “ and a direct result of global warming.

SMRS solve waste

Szondy 12, David, writes for charged and iQ magazine, award-winning journalist [“Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” February 16^th, http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/]

SMRs can help with proliferation, “ “, so it can provide power even to areas where security concerns have been raised.

SMRs solve waste, radiation, and mining

James and Anniek Hansen ‘8 (James and Anniek Hansen, That really smart climate dude, http://www.pdfdownload.org/pdf2html/pdf2html.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2F~jeh1%2Fmailings%2F20081229_DearMichelleAndBarack.pdfandimages=yes, December 29, 2008, LEQ)

(3) Urgent RandD on 4 th “ “ ent of a reproducible safe nuclear reactor.

Impact to radiation from nuclear power is low

- Spencer and Loris ‘7 (Jack Spencer and Nick Loris | Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy and Nicolas Loris is a Research Assistant in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Nick Loris is an editorial intern pursuing his masters in George Mason University December 3, 2007, “Dispelling Myths About Nuclear Energy” http://www.heritage.org/research/energyandenvironment/bg2087.cfm, )

This myth relies on taking facts “ “ power plant is insignificant.

Students interrogating environmental issues is critical to developing sustainable solutions – Must also be coupled with policy advocacy in order to succeed

Cotgrave and Alkhaddar 6 – Alison Cotgrave has a PhD in Sustainability Literacy, she is currently the Deputy Director of the School of the Built Environment and a researcher in construction education, she is also a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Rafid Alkhaddar has a PhD in Civil Engineering and currently teaches at the School of the Built Environment John Moores University in Liverpool as a Professor of Water and Environmental Engineering (March 2006, “Greening the Curricula within Construction Programmes,” Journal for Education in the Built Environment, Vol.1, Issue 1, March 2006 pp. 3-29, http://131.251.248.49/jebe/pdf/AlisonCotgrave1(1).pdf)

Environmental education

Many writers have determined that the “ “ as well forget the educational part.

Environmental education concerning specific action-based policies is best. Even if our advocacy is wrong only action-competence education allows us to successfully confront these dilemmas without falling prey to hidden agendas

Mogensen and Schnak 10 – Prof at University College West, Denmark, Associate Professor in the Research of Environmental and Health Education, PhD in Biology; Professor Emeritus of Education at Laererhoejskolen, Danish university of Education, DPU, and Aarhus University (Finn and Karsten, Feb 2010, “The action competence approach and the ‘new’ discourses of education for sustainable development, competence and quality criteria,” Environmental Education Research, Volume 16, Issue 1, 2010, pg 59-74, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13504620903504032)

Seen from a “ “ in connection to the action competence approach.

Relying on individual-level strategies in the context of warming

George Monbiot, journalist, academic, and political and environmental activist, 2004, Manifesto for a New World Order, p. 11-13

The quest for global solutions is “ “ pollution, if nothing has been done to prevent climate change from destroying the conditions it requires for its survival.

Engaging the state is key- can’t solve environmental destruction without it

Eckersly ‘4 (Robyn Eckersly, professor of political science at the School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, 2004 the green state: rethinking democracy and sovereignty, p.5-6

While acknowledging the basis for “ “ without also engaging with and seeking to transform state power.

Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change- changes both individuals and states

Kuzemko ’12 [Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf]

This observation “ “ on energy and climate security.

Subjective truth focus fuels climate skepticism and makes honest scientific and policy deliberation a political game of cooption

Banning, 9 – University of Colorado communication professor, PhD
(Marlia Elisabeth, “When Poststructural Theory and Contemporary Politics Collide*The Vexed Case of Global Warming,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, Vol. 6, No. 3, September 2009, pp. 285-304

While academic research practices and “ “ ’’ the relations of power and antagonism that define public discourse.

09/22/2012

HTGR Aff

Tournament: GSU | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge:
Plan

The United States federal government should substantially increase funding for the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor energy production in the United States.

1AC- Inherency

Massive nuclear incentives just passed
Yurman ’12 (Nuclear energy R%26D budgets spared major cuts Posted on January 5, 2012 by dyurman| 3 Comments Congress trims funding while adding new priorities By Dan Yurman Dan Yurman, nuclear blogger Dan Yurman publishes Idaho Samizdat, a blog about nuclear energy, and is a frequent contributor to ANS Nuclear Cafe.

A Congress that has public approval ratings in the single digits because of deficit-
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D on SMR concepts that presumably would include some fast reactor work scope.

Huge laundy list of nuclear incentives and construction now
Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation-http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made
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power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

Even more nuclear incentives coming by the end of September
Yurman ’12 (Race for DOE SMR money heats up B%26W inks MOU with First Energy for economic, siting, and licensing studies Dan Yurman Dan Yurman publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled ’Idaho Samizdat’ http://djysrv.blogspot.com. It covers the nuclear energy industry globally including new reactor investments, economics, politics, and technologies. He is a frequent contributor to the ANS Nuclear Cafe http://ansnuclearcafe.org and to Fuel Cycle Week http://fuelcycleweek.com Posted July 26, 2012

Race for %24452 million gets political notice The Department of Energy is reviewing proposals from B%26W and several other SMR firms to be granted up to %24452 million over five years to support SMR engineering and licensing work. The agency will make up to two awards by the end of September this year.

However, funding for new next generation reactors was slashed- this kills US nuclear leadership
Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012

The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels
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not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005.

1AC- Nuke Leadership

Rapid global nuclear power expansion is inevitable, the US must regain nuclear leadership to prevent proliferation
Domenici and Miller ’12 (Co-chaired by Senator Pete Domenici and Dr. Warren F. "Pete" Miller | July 2012 Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets A Report of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Nuclear Initiative

With the world’s largest commercial nuclear fleet, the United States was once the world’s
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and a strong domestic nuclear industry strengthens America’s position in international nonproliferation matters.

HTGR’s are critical to nuclear leadership- this is the only way to solve prolif
Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES)

THE INTERSECTION OF HTGRS AND NON–PROLIFERATION We believe there are four ways in
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-proliferation negotiations and would increase our ability to respond to future uncertainties.

Failure to safeguard the expansion causes an irreversible cascade of nuclear prolif, terrorism, and accidents
Allison ’8 (Securing the Nuclear Renaissance Testimony to the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade Testimony July 24, 2008 Author: Graham Allison, Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Douglas Dillon Professor of Government; Faculty Chair, Dubai Initiative, Harvard Kennedy School Oral Testimony Allison, Graham. "Securing the Nuclear Renaissance." Testimony to the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade. Testimony., 2008 Jul 24.

In my view, there is a substantial chance that we are living through the
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(prevention of accidents like Chernobyl) — need to be significantly strengthened.

Nuclear terrorism is highly probable and would create a massive death toll
Brill and Luongo ’12 (OP-ED CONTRIBUTORS Nuclear Terrorism: A Clear Danger By KENNETH C. BRILL and KENNETH N. LUONGO Published: March 15, 2012 Kenneth C. Brill is a former U.S. ambassador to the I.A.E.A.Kenneth N. Luongo is president of the Partnership for Global Security. Both are members of the Fissile Material Working Group, a nonpartisan nongovernmental organization.

Terrorists exploit gaps in security. The current global regime for protecting the nuclear materials
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terrorism. But existing global arrangements for nuclear security lack uniformity and coherence.

Terrorism causes full scale nuclear wars
Hellman ’8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence

Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a
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to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia.

Perception of US leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war
Bin ’9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li
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University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. )

The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is
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problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war.

Unsafe nuclear power spread will spark pre-emptive strikes - history proves
Fuhrmann ’12 (Matthew Fuhrmann: Preventive War and the Spread of Nuclear Programs Jun 28, 2012 AUTHOR: Matthew Fuhrmann: Assistant Professor of Political Science at Texas A%26M University Fuhrmann (website edition) (DOC) 49.54 KB Preventive War and the Spread of Nuclear Programs

Nuclear proliferation can be especially threatening to states that fear that they could be targeted
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technology diffuses around the globe to the degree that some predict.~[66~]

Prolif causes extinction- prolif optimism is flawed
Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have
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Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center

Should we worry about the spread of nuclear weapons? At first glance, this
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capabilities, triggering an arms race in a strategically important and volatile region.

1AC- China

Now is the key time to engage China to shape their rise and create frameworks for cooperation
Chu ’12 (Victor Chu | June 19, 2012 Enlightened Engagement: US-
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The Task Ahead: Memos for the Winner of the 2012 Presidential Election.

It was Napoleon who said in 1803: "Let that sleeping giant sleep,
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global stability, peace and prosperity, must not be allowed to pass.

Funding the HTGR reactor is key to nuclear cooperation with China- key to their industry and relations
Kadak ’8 (Andrew C. Kadak, Ph.D. Professor of the Practice Nuclear Science and Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission China’s Energy Policies and Their Environmental Impacts Panel: US-China Energy Technology Cooperation: Civil Nuclear Energy August 13, 2008

3) What is the status of existing US China nuclear energy cooperation? US
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so that our American industries can benefit from improved nuclear cooperation with China.

HTGR’s are key to effective nuclear cooperation, this is key to Chinese energy security
Lyons et al. ’9 ((~[Blythe J. Lyons, John R. Lyman, Mihaela Carstei, and General Richard L. Lawson (USAF), "United States-China Cooperation On Nuclear Power: An Opportunity for Fostering Sustainable Energy Security", Atlantic Council, 3-4/3-6 2009, http://www.acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/65/AtlanticCouncil-USChinaNuclearPower.pdf-http://www.acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/65/AtlanticCouncil-USChinaNuclearPower.pdf, Based on the Dialogue Sponsored by the Atlantic Council and the U.S./China Energy and Environment Technology Center

Both the U.S. and China are pursuing activities to develop advanced nuclear
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with the challenges to realize the burgeoning nuclear trade between the two countries.

China’s energy dependence causes multiple flashpoints for great power conflict
Richardson ’12 (Michael Richardson, visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies in Singapore, 6-7-12, ~["Thirst for energy driving China’s foreign policy," Japan Times, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20120607mr.html-http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20120607mr.html~] E. Liu

SINGAPORE — The United States and China, the world’s top users of energy,
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early 2006, when China cease to be self-sufficient in gas.

US China resource competition causes conflicts around the globe- causes extinction
Klare ’8 (The End Of The World As You Know It, 16 April, 2008 , Michael T. Klare is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of com/dp/0805055762?tag=commondreams-20%26camp=0%26creative=0%26linkCode=as1%26creativeASIN=0805055762%26adid=0T1RF92WS6V8MG4WVDC2%26 and com/dp/0805079386?tag=commondreams-20%26camp=0%26creative=0%26linkCode=as1%26creativeASIN=0805079386%26adid=04CA0Y680E276YN91JWX%26. Consider this essay a preview of his newest book, com/dp/0805080643?tag=commondreams-20%26camp=0%26creative=0%26linkCode=as1%26creativeASIN=0805080643%26adid=0VMK36675BXYYX0SECP5%26, which has just been published by Metropolitan Books.)

A Growing Risk of Conflict: Throughout history, major shifts in power have normally
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simple and sobering: the end of the world as you’ve known it.

Nuclear cooperation is key to build cooperation on a laundry list of key issues
Orlins ’8 (Obama must pursue new relationship with China By Stephen A. Orlins From News Services Monday, December 22, 2008)

Obama needs to go early because this will help to dispel the strategic mistrust that
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.-China relations, and determine the world we leave to our children.

Only this cooperation can solve extinction
Wenzhong ’4 (PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-4, Zhou, "Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States," http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm)

China’s development needs a peaceful international environment, particularly in its periphery. We will
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countries, we will see even greater accomplishments in China-US relations.

1AC- Solvency

Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success
Gibbs and Soto ’9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director

The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that
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in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.

Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership
Yurman ’9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes %24180M Dan Yurman Idaho Falls, ID, United States

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and
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design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

More funding for for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership
Bodman ’6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman

The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will
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because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal.

Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation
Spurgeon ’6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, "The U.S. GNEP Approach", )

The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among
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D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable.

10/27/2012

GTMHRs Aff

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Emory PS | Judge: Hester

Thumpers

Huge laundy list of nuclear incentives and construction now

Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http:~/~/analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made

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power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

However, federal funding has been cut for the GT-MHR project- this will destroy chances for commercialization

Gibbs ’11 (December 2011 NGNP Project 2011 Status and Path Forward December 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DEAC07-05ID14517 Greg A Gibbs

The result of the Secretary’s letter is that the NGNP Project at INL will be

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business cases can be built around the economics of HTGR nuclear energy systems.

Funding for new next generation reactors was slashed- this kills US nuclear leadership

Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012

The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels

AND

not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005.

Round 3/4- Water

Water shortages are killing millions and will cause extinction- only new reactors can solve

Nisan ‘7 ( The report was prepared by S. Nisan (France). The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was B.M. Misra of the Division of Nuclear Power. STATUS OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION IN IAEA MEMBER STATES IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1524 ISBN 92–0–112806–1 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 2007 (Gender Modified)

Water is indispensable for the very existence of humankind and for

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capacities would lead to more than double the amounts given above 2.

Specifically, GT-MHRs are the only way to solve coming water shortages- models and studies prove

Nisan ‘7 (Utilisation of waste heat from GT‑MHR and PBMR reactors

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issue 1-3 February 5, 2007. p. 254-268

The gas turbine‑modular helium cooled reactor (GT‑MHR) is currently

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reactor to the desalination process; • characteristics of the desalination process itself.

Water scarcity will cause war not coop- current conflicts prove

Rasmussen 11 – CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council (Erik, 04/12, “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html)

For years experts have set out warnings of how the earth will be affected by

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escalate and become a great humanitarian crisis and also a global safety problem.

Water shortages cause extinction

NASCA ‘6 (NASCA 06 National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation “Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html)

Water is one of the prime essentials for life as we know it. The

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ourselves with a nightmare situation for which there will be no obvious answer.

Best studies go aff – water scarcity causes conflict-

Montenegro ‘9 (Maywa, editor and writer at Seed magazine, “The Truth About Water Wars,” May 14, 2009 http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_truth_about_water_wars/)

It’s often been said that the next resource wars will be fought not over oil

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, conflicts will likely intensify, requiring new and rapid adaptive security strategies.”

Central Asian water scarcity kills stability and US cooperation in the region

Dinar et al. ’12 (SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of

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, Aaron T. Wolf October 18, 2012 Article Summary and Author Biography

UP IN THE ARAL Another water basin of concern is the Aral Sea,

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, freshwater will only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions.

Centrial Asian instability goes nuclear

Blank 2k (Stephen J. - Expert on the Soviet Bloc for the Strategic Studies Institute, “American Grand Strategy and the Transcaspian Region”, World Affairs. 9-22)

Thus many structural conditions for conventional war or protracted ethnic conflict where third parties intervene

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5) neither has willing proxies capable of settling the situation.(77)

US Central Asian cooperation is key to Afghan stability and broader stability

Nichol ’12 (Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs September 19, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33458

U.S. policy toward the Central Asian states has aimed at facilitating their

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how to balance these varied U.S. interests in the region.

Afghanistan instability causes multiple global nuclear wars

Carafano ’10 (Con: Obama must win fast in Afghanistan or risk new wars across the globe By JAMES JAY CARAFANO Saturday, Jan. 2, 2010 James Jay Carafano is a senior research fellow for national security at The Heritage Foundation and directs its Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies.

There’s little chance Kabul will become Saigon 1968. If the war in Afghanistan starts

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a puny EU military force incapable of defending the interests of its nations.

Water scarcity causes Pakistan collapse

RT ‘12 (Russia today, citing an intelligence report from The Office of the Director of National Intelligence “Global 'water war' threat by 2030 - US intelligence,” March 22^nd, http:~/~/rt.com/news/water-conflict-terrorism-rivers-239/http://rt.com/news/water-conflict-terrorism-rivers-239/)

And while the prospect of “water wars” has been touted for decades,

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, with “more powerful upstream nations impeding or cutting off downstream flow.”

Pakistan instability causes nuclear war

Pitt ‘9 (New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence." (5/8/09, William, “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=commentaryandarticle=2183)

But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car packed with explosives into a jeep

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to be gravely serious about addressing the situation. So should we all.

Round 3/4- Plutonium

GT-MHR’s are critical to plutonium disposition- this is key to solve prolif

Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES)

THE INTERSECTION OF HTGRS AND NON–PROLIFERATION We believe there are four ways in

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-proliferation negotiations and would increase our ability to respond to future uncertainties.

Prolif causes extinction- it will be fast and dangerous

Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have

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: Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center

The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The

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capabilities, triggering an arms race in a strategically important and volatile region.

Plutonium disposition is key to solve both horizontal and vertical prolif- the impact is extinction

Sancton ‘5 (Dispositioning military plutonium to promote nuclear non-proliferation Robert Sancton Security and Armed Conflict, Pax Christi International, Rue du Vieux Marché aux Grains, 21, B1000 Brussels, Belgium; rsancton@hotmail.comurl:rsancton@hotmail.com ISYP Journal on Science and World Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2005 103-112 © 2005

Nuclear proliferation includes both horizontal and vertical proliferation activities. Horizontal proliferation occurs when states

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or the capability to develop them, this approach does not address vertical proliferation

Vertical prolif will cause nuclear wars

While it is true that military plutonium inside assembled nuclear weapons is often protected by

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cases in which nuclear weapons have a central position in national security doctrines.

GT-MHR’s are key to burn plutonium- only feasible and economical reactor

Baxter ‘95 (A.M. Baxter , R.K. Lane and R. Sherman , 9-15-95 “Combining a gas turbine modular helium reactor and an accelerator and for near total destruction of weapons grade plutonium” http:~/~/scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normalandid=APCPCS000346000001000347000001andidtype=cvipsandgifs=org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normalandid=APCPCS000346000001000347000001andidtype=cvipsandgifs=yes )

Fissioning surplus weapons-grade plutonium (WG-Pu) in a reactor is

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GT-MHR’s are key to burn Russian plutonium stockpiles- critical to solve nuclear reductions

Pomper ‘7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms

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affairs from Columbia University and a master's degree in journalism from Northwestern University.

The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits

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reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year.

Burning plutonium stockpiles is critical to commitment to nuclear reductions

Bunn ‘7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next

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Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995.

The United States and Russia still possess massive stockpiles of plutonium and highly enriched uranium

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could strengthen international political support for measures to repair the global nonproliferation regime.

US-Russian nuclear reductions are key to solve US-Russia nuclear war

Rybachenkov ’12 (A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF ARMS CONTROL AND MUTUAL DETERRENCE1 Vladimir Rybachenkov2 1 Text of presentation at the Fourth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, USA, February 14-17, 2012. 2 Senior Research Scientist, Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environment Studies

Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents

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1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states.

Russia war outweighs

Bostrom 2 (Nick, PhD and Professor of Philosophy @ Oxford, “Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” The Journal of Evolution and Technology, March)

A much greater existential risk emerged with the build-up of nuclear arsenals in

AND

preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century.

Solvency

New GT-MHR’s solve all the reasons why old nuclear power is bad- just needs federal demonstration

Penner ‘7 (“S.S. Penner, Center for Energy Research, University of California, November 2007)

The modular helium reactor (MHR) is the culmination of almost 50 years of

AND

of hydrogen, provide significant incentives for a government-sponsored demonstration program.

GT-MHR demonstration is key

Fifty-one years ago, GA was formed by leading scientists from Los Alamos

AND

fast reactors (the Advanced Burner Test Reactor) proposed as part of GNEP

Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership

Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes $180M Dan Yurman Idaho Falls, ID, United States

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and

AND

design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership

Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman

The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will

AND

because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal.

10/27/2012

GT-MHRs 2ACs

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Emory PS | Judge:

***2AC

T Financial Incentives/Demonstration- 2AC

2. Funding for demonstration is a financial incentive- heres our counter interp and caselist

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Industry Cluster for Mesa Del Sol 5. Selected Finance Programs for Sustainable Energy17

This section discusses financial incentives for renewable energy development, which are currently offered by

AND

credits, property tax exemptions, and excise tax exemptions. For example:

3. It’s energy production

Holbrook et al. ‘9 (Mark Holbrook, Advisory Engineer, Jim Kinsey, Director of Regulatory Affairs, Greg Gibbs, Project Director, “NGNP Licensing Plan”, Idaho National Laboratory Document ID: PLN-3202 Revision ID: 0 Effective Date: 06/26/09 Plan Project No. 29980

The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) will be a licensed commercial HTGR plant

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is also intended to directly support future replication and deployment of multiple HTGRs.

Plan is not research- it is commercial license

Burns et al. ‘7 (NGNP and Hydrogen Production Preconceptual Design Report NGNP-20-RPT-005 Special Study 20.6 – Licensing and Permitting Study , 1/29/2007 Edward Burns Energy and the Environment, Consultant Charles Kling Company: Westinghouse Electric Company Stewart Long Westinghouse Electric Company Carl Mazzola Shaw Group Stanley E. Ritterbusch Westinghouse Electric Company Valentina Shkolnik Westinghouse Electric Company

However, the above Section 50.22 of NRC regulations indicates that a utilization

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-case basis (further discussed in Section 20.6.4).

Solv

There is a licensing plan in place- its fast and effective

The DOE and NRC staffs believe that the recommended licensing process will greatly reduce both

AND

obtaining regulatory approval based on HTGR technology as applied to the NGNP Project.

Plan has a unique export pathway

Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012

Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan,

AND

facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs.

Prolif

Prolif causes more conventional war

Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have

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: Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center

Regional instability: The spread of nuclear weapons also emboldens nuclear powers contributing to regional

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, any one of those crises could result in a catastrophic nuclear exchange.

2AC- Elections- Obama Good- Current

Missile D tensions inevitable under both presidents- only nuclear coop solves

Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin)

This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency.

AND

could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap.

Romney wins- polls, momentum, swing states

Stoddard 10-18

A.B., associate editor of The Hill. “Obama spinning toward a loss”

President Obama is losing. So says the latest Gallup poll, and so do

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three weeks to go it's hard to see where he finds that excitement.

Jobs report thumps

Satran 10-19

Richard Satran Political and economist analyst, , CNBC writer, previously worked for Independent, Thomson Reuters, and Fidelity Investments Education BA, Journalism and History at University of Wisconsin-Madison Richard, writer for US News, “How the Last Word of the Election Goes to the Market”

The first Friday in November looms as the biggest day remaining before the presidential election

AND

says Veru. "Unfortunately, Main Street looks only at the rate."

DA is triggered- we’ll insert the start of their article into the debate- all non-unique

Mick 6/19 (Jason Daily Tech, Obama Fights For Nuclear, Environmentalists Label Him a Shill http://www.dailytech.com/Obama+Fights+For+Nuclear+Environmentalists+Label+Him+a+Shill/article18781.htm)

Breaking with many members of his party, U.S. President Barack Obama

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permanent jobs and provide as much as 2.5 GW of power.

THEIR CARD BEGINS

Despite these small victories, President Obama's nuclear vision faces many impending obstacles.

AND

compete with the most expensive forms of nuclear energy, like solar power.

And perhaps the biggest obstacle to Obama's nuclear vision will come in 2012. That is the year when he will face reelection. That may prove challenging given that one of his former key constituent groups—the environmental lobby—has become one of his staunchest critics. Regardless, the U.S. is making its first true nuclear progress in 30 years, and that is among the many factors that will already make President Obama's presidency noteworthy.

Other issues far outweigh energy

Farnam ‘12 (Washington Post politics and business reporter (T.W. "Energy issue gets jolt of ads," Washington Post, 6-29-12, l/n, accessed 8-27-12, mss)

Energy issues don't spark much excitement among voters, ranking below health care, education

AND

asked to rank their top issues, fewer than 1 percent mention energy.

Personality outweighs policies and it’s too late to change voters minds

Beinart ‘12 (2012 Peter Beinart nytimes.com Peter Alexander Beinart is an American political pundit. A former editor of The New Republic, he has written for Time, The New York Times, The New York Review of Books among other periodicals, and is the author of three books. He is associate professor of journalism and political science at City University of New York, senior political writer for The Daily Beast

Back in 2004, I debated Jonah Goldberg about the presidential election. Bush will

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as people. And for better or worse, that may matter more.

No one pays hears about the plan

Wood ‘12 (Elisa, energy reporter, "What Voters Don't Know About Energy" AOL Energy -- August 8 -- energy.aol.com/2012/08/08/what-voters-don-t-know-about-energy/?icid=trending1)

Funny thing about Americans. We've got strong opinions about what's wrong with energy,

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over President Obama's decision to deny the project a presidential permit in January.

Plan gets balanced and bundled into the annual energy bill

HAC ’12 (US House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, Washington, April 25 “Fiscal Year 2013 Energy and Water Appropriations Bill Approved by Appropriations Committee” http://appropriations.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=292584

The House Appropriations Committee today approved the fiscal year 2013 Energy and Water and Related

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competitiveness and get people back to work here at home,” Frelinghuysen said.

Latest polls prove the plan is overwhelmingly popular and nobody can oppose

Global Newswire ‘9-19 (http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/news.html?d=10005668 Date: September 19, 2012 15:45 ET Americans' Support for Nuclear Energy Solidifies, New National Survey Shows

WASHINGTON, Sept. 19, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Americans continue to

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issues," said Alex Flint, NEI senior vice president for governmental affairs.

Nuclear wins the election- opposition is impossible and nuclear is key to jobs

Hartmann, 12 -- SLM co-owner (Ray, "Think Again," St. Louis Magazine, June 2012, www.stlmag.com/St-Louis-Magazine/June-2012/Think-Again-Nuclear-Power-Debate-Returns-to-Missouri-Politics/, accessed 9-4-12, mss)

Yes, nuclear power is back as a political issue, and again it’s the

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with peripheral detail such as environmental-safety or public-health concerns.

Winners win

Creamer ‘11 political strategist for over four decades (Robert, he and his

AND

_1167491.html, accessed 9-1-12, mss)

2). Strength and victory are enormous political assets. Going into the New Year

AND

you have them on the run - that's the time to chase them.

Nat Gas

No natural gas- gas productivity and reserve size over-estimated-~-- insider knowledge proves

Urbina, 11 -- NY Times staff

(Ian, "Insiders Sound an Alarm Amid a Natural Gas Rush," NY Times, 6-25-11, www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/us/26gas.html?pagewanted=all, accessed 6-4-12, mss)

Natural gas companies have been placing enormous bets on the wells they are drilling,

AND

had recouped their estimated costs by the time they were seven years old.

Alt cause – federal regulation

Hoover 12, Kent, Washington Bureau Chief- Phoenix Business Journal “Industry: EPA fracking rules would reduce oil, gas production,” March 23^rd, http:~/~/www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2012/03/23/epa-fracking-rules-would-reduce.html?page=html?page=all

New federal regulations for hydraulic fracturing would significantly reduce oil and natural gas production in

AND

of regulations can cause real harm, especially for small businesses and startups.”

Plan irrelevant- prices too low to incentivize drilling

Harder, 12 -- National Journal energy correspondent

(Amy, "The Price Isn't Right," National Journal Daily AM, 1-31-12, l/n, accessed 9-5-12, mss)

For the United States to really capitalize on all the natural gas President Obama is

AND

until prices reach a level where it becomes more profitable to produce gas.

No shift- we’ll just use more fuel overall

Shearlock, 11 -- Co-operative Group sustainable development manager

(Chris, "Shale gas is not a credible 'new green message'," Guardian, 4-13-11, www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/apr/13/shale-gas-green-message, accessed 6-2-12, mss)

But surely shale gas is good news at the global level, if it will

AND

economy that doesn't have a carbon cap and is failing to displace coal.

US economy collapsing now- will take the world down with it

Means 10/25 (Grady Means, Global leader of PricewaterhouseCooper's strategy consulting practice“MEANS: U.S. economy on schedule to crash March 2014”, http:~/~/www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/oct/25/us-economy-on-schedule-to-crash-march-2014/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/oct/25/us-economy-on-schedule-to-crash-march-2014/, October 25, 2012)

America’s fall will take global economies with it Those wild and crazy Mayans put down

AND

recovery” and that “things are getting better” is an illusion.

Nuclear industry key to manufacturing

Adams ’10 (Rod Adams. Naval War College diploma in National Policy and Strategy (with highest honors) May 2003 - GPA 4.0, Pro-nuclear advocate with small nuclear plant operating and design experience. Former submarine Engineer Officer. Founder, Adams Atomic Engines, Inc. Host and producer, The Atomic Show Podcast, “Nuclear Industry Can Lead a Revival in Skilled Labor and Manufacturing in the United States”, http:~/~/atomicinsights.com/2010/11/html, November 15, 2010, LEQ)

The Nuclear Energy Institute, the American Nuclear Society and the North American Young Generation

AND

of new careers and economic expansion. In fact, it already has.

Commitment to new nuclear is key to the economy

Zawatsky ‘8 (Jay Zawatsky, The National Interest, 04.09.2008, “Inside Track: Going Nuclear on Energy”)

The mainstream media and petty politicians would have Americans believe that we are faced with

AND

interest rates and energy security, would move higher in a sustainable way.

2AC- Hydrogen Addon

Hydrogen use is inevitable- HTGR’s are key to soft landing

- Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198)

Capable of Providing High Temperature Process Heat for Central Plant Scale Hydrogen Production—Hydrogen

AND

heat temperatures that exceed all reactor concepts except the High Temperature Gas Reactor.

Hydrogen soft landing is key to solve extinction

Rifkin ‘2 (Economist and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends Jeremy Rifkin, “The dawn of the Hydrogen economy: when there is no more oil or gas … the next great commercial revolution,” RMA Journal, Oct, 2002url:http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/, pg. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/ai_n14897180/pg_5/?tag=content;col1

Experts had been saying that we had another 40 or so years of cheap available

AND

leap forward for the whole of the world economy in the coming decades.

Other K- 2AC

Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change- changes both individuals and states

Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http:~/~/www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf

This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political

AND

(DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security.

Not impact or root cause- war causes their impacts

Goldstein ‘1 (Professor of International Relations at American University, 2001 (Joshua S., War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa, pp.411-412)

First, peace activists face a dilemma in thinking about causes of war and working

AND

on injustice as the main cause of war seems to be empirically inadequate.

HTGR desalination is key to solve extinction

- Nisana ‘6 (Utilisation of waste heat from GT‑MHR and PBMR reactors for nuclear desalination Saied Dardoura, Simon Nisana*, Francoise Charbitb "CEA, Cadarache, F‑13108, Saint Paul‑lez‑Durance, France Tel. +33 (4) 42 25 4628; Fax: +33 (4) 42 25 3635; email: simon.nisan@cea.frurl:email: bUniversité Paul Cezanne, LPPE, F‑13090 Aix‑en‑Provence, France Received 9 March 2006; Accepted 23 March 2006

The gas turbine‑modular helium cooled reactor (GT‑MHR) is currently

AND

to use, where possible, simple and general thermodynamic principles, such as

The perm solves – they cause political paralysis and make ideology unmanageable – alt can’t solve on its own

Schatz ‘12 (JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-‐Of-‐ The-‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012))

Despite the merits of ontological ecocriticism, using it to prohibit ecocritical appeals for concrete

AND

can we see past the current imperial enframing and inspire true collective action.

Engaging the state is key

While acknowledging the basis for this antipathy toward the nation-state, and the

AND

ecological emancipation without also engaging with and seeking to transform state power.

Util is key- the k is complicit in injustice and ineffective

Isaac 2 (Jeffrey, Professor of PoliSci @ Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD Yale, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol 49 Issue 2)

As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It

AND

not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Nuclear technocracy’s key

Nordhaus 11, chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11

(Ted and Michael, http:~/~/thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta)

Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology,

AND

simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature.

01/03/2013

1AC - RD 1 USC

Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: OU BC | Judge: Doowon Chung
Plan- Coast

The Plan:

The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States.

Inherency- Coast

Federal funding has been cut for the HTGR project- this will destroy chances for commercialization
Gibbs ’11 (December 2011 NGNP Project 2011 Status and Path Forward December 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DEAC07-05ID14517 Greg A Gibbs

The result of the Secretary’s letter is that the NGNP Project at INL will be
AND
business cases can be built around the economics of HTGR nuclear energy systems.

Funding for HTGR’s was slashed-
Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012

The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels.
AND
not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005.

Emissions- Coast

Contention Two is Emissions

Warming is real and anthropogenic- newest studies
Romm ’12 (10-15 Joe, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Ten Charts That Make Clear The Planet Just Keeps Warming” ThinkProgress http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/10/15/1014151/ten-charts-that-make-clear-the-planet-just-keeps-warming/

“The decadal land-surface average temperature using a 10-year moving average
AND
“How Can It Be Warming When It’s (Almost) Always Cooling?“)

The best new unbiased studies prove warming is occurring
Plait ’11 (New independent climate study confirms global warming is real http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/21/new-independent-climate-study-confirms-global-warming-is-real/ October 21st, 2011 Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science.

The study is called the Berkeley Earth Project (BEP), and what they found
AND
warming trends show up even if an individual result may be low quality.

Prefer these peer-reviewed studies- evidence to the contrary is flawed
Stephens ’11 (Home » Vol 21 No 22 Bad week for Pell and
AND
authored with Donald R Rothwell, is The International Law of the Sea.

The last couple of weeks have not been a good time to be a climate
AND
the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be.

Nuclear is key to avoids emissions which will kill millions and ensure extinction from warming
Ropeik ’12 (The Historic Roots, and Impacts, of Our Nuclear Fear David Ropeik is an instructor at Harvard, a consultant in risk perception, and author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. June 25, 2012 | David Ropeik Originally published at Risk: Reason and Reality at Big Think.

The Cuban missile crisis took place less than a month later, terrifying us,
AND
impedes development of nuclear power as one way to deal with climate change.

Action on climate change is crucial even in the face of uncertainty - big picture claims are still true
Mann ’12 (9/24/12 - Director of Penn State’s Earth System Science Center, Michael Mann authored ‘Dire Predictions’ and ‘The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars.’ This article was also published in the Huffington Post, FiveThirtyEight: The Number of Things Nate Silver Gets Wrong About Climate Change, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/24/898561/fivethirtyeight-the-number-of-things-nate-silver-gets-wrong-about-climate-change/

I suspect that Nate’s failing here arises from a sort of cultural bias. There
AND
also published at Huffington Post and was reprinted with permission from the author.

Allowing warming to continue perpetuates racist inequalities
Hoerner 8—Former director of Research at the Center for a Sustainable Economy, Director of Tax Policy at the Center for Global Change at the University of Maryland College Park, and editor of Natural Resources Tax Review. He has done research on environmental economics and policy on behalf of the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Andrew received his B.A. in Economics from Cornell University and a J.D. from Case Western Reserve School of Law—AND—Nia Robins—former inaugural Climate Justice Corps Fellow in 2003, director of Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative (J. Andrew, “A Climate of Change African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S.” July 2008, http://www.ejcc.org/climateofchange.pdf)

Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One
AND
points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent.

Every bit of reduced emissions is good- lowers the damage and risk of extinction
Nuccitelli ’12 (9-1 Dana Nuccitelli is an environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. This piece was originally published at Skeptical Science and was reprinted with permission. “Realistically What Might The Future Climate Look Like?” ThinkProgress http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/01/784931/realistically-what-might-the-future-climate-look-like/

Clearly our CO2 emissions have not yet peaked – in fact they increased by 1
AND
adapt to the climate change consequences we have discussed here (Figure 4).

Warming causes extinction
Deibel ‘7 (Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2”)

Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
AND
States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.

Solvency- Coast

Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership
Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes
AND
for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments.

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and
AND
design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership
Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman

The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will
AND
because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal.

HTGR’s are crucial to international cooperation
Spurgeon ‘6 (June 12, 2006 Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Asst. Secretary Dennis Spurgeon Department of Energy STATEMENT OF DENNIS SPURGEON ASSISTANT SECRETARY OFFICE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE JUNE 12, 2006

In 2001, the Department led an international effort to develop a roadmap for the
AND
This is a key consideration in the design and performance of the reactor.

More federal funding for HTGR’s is required to solve warming
Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012

Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan,
AND
facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs.

HTGR’s are the only way to solve warming- solves industrial heat use and creates emission free fuels
Moore ’11 (The HTGR is a game changer Posted on August 1, 2011 by dyurman| 4 Comments By Fred Moore Fred Moore is the executive director of NGNP Industry Alliance, Ltd. He is also the global director of manufacturing and technology for the energy business of The Dow Chemical Company, where he is responsible for the safe and reliable production of power, steam, and other utilities for Dow globally.

In spite of Japan’s Fukushima nuclear crisis and negative reverberations around the world, there
AND
trillion in GDP, and tens of thousands of high paying construction jobs.

HTGR’s are key to solve warming- solves electricity sector, transportation, and industrial applications
Spencer ‘9 (April 7, 2009 Where Is Nuclear Energy in the Markey-Waxman Energy Bill? by Jack Spencer WebMemo #2386, Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation.

Congressmen Ed Markey (D-MA) and Henry Waxman (D-CA
AND
goals set forth by the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009.

Nuclear is sustainable and doesn’t cause emissions
Gronlund 7 )Nuclear power in a Warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, Lisbeth Gronlund; David Lochbaum; Edwin Lyman, Union of Concerned Scientists, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear-power-in-a-warming-world.pdf

Nuclear power plants do not produce global warming emissions when they operate. However,
AND
of the nuclear power life cycle would result in very low emissions. 7

Only nuclear solves warming – only empirical models prove.
Menyah 10 (Kojo, Yemane Wolde-Rufael, Professor of Economics at London Metropolitan Business School, London Metropolitan, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in the US, January / February 2010, Accessed Online @ Elseiver, Energy Policy 38 (2010) 2911–2915)

Abstract This study explores the causal relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions,
AND
the rest of the world to follow (Adamantiades and Kessides, 2009).

HTGR’s solve the waste problem
Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198)

4. Nuclear Waste Management: The proper and secure management of spent nuclear fuel
AND
provide another waste management option in addition to the proposed Advanced Burner Reactor.

Relying on individual-level strategies in the context of warming
Monbiot ‘4 (George Monbiot, journalist, academic, and political and environmental activist, 2004, Manifesto for a New World Order, p. 11-13

The quest for global solutions is difficult and divisive. Some members of this movement
AND
to prevent climate change from destroying the conditions it requires for its survival.

Advocating state action is only way to create effective change in energy policy and solve the environment
Hager ’92 (, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)

During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to overcome its defensive posture and implement
AND
a space for a delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61

Nuclear technocracy’s key –using the state is key and works
Nordhaus 11, chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta)

Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology,
AND
simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature.

Policy and economic solutions are the only way to prevent extinction from warming
Wagner ‘11 Gernot, “But Will the Planet Notice? How Smart Economics Can Save the World.” Hill and Wang Press, p. 11-12

The fundamental forces guiding the behavior of billions are much larger than any one of
AND
than continue on the present path right off the edge of a cliff.

Engaging the state is key- can’t solve environmental destruction without it
Eckersly ‘4 (Robyn Eckersly, professor of political science at the School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia, 2004 the green state: rethinking democracy and sovereignty, p.5-6

While acknowledging the basis for this antipathy toward the nation-state, and the
AND
ecological emancipation without also engaging with and seeking to transform state power.

Our discussions of HTGRs is key to stimulate public advocacy
Isham 2010 (Jon, “The Promise of Deliberative Democracy”, The Solutions Journal Volume 1 Issue 5 Page 25-27, http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/775)

Getting to 350 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere will require massive investments in
AND
Minnesota, Colorado, North Dakota, Kansas, and New Mexico).9

Simulation and institutional deliberation are valuable and motivate effective responses to climate risks
Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf)

Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience
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engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making.

State and international approach is key
Held and Hervey 9
David Held is Graham Wallas Professor of Political Science and Co-Director of LSE Global Governance at the London School of Economics. Angus Fane Hervey is a Doctoral Student and Ralph Miliband Scholar in the Department of Government at the London School of Economics. www.policy-network.net/publications_download.aspx?ID=3426

The key role of the state In all of these challenges, states remain
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democracy could be said to have tragically trumped democratic agency and deliberative capacity.

01/03/2013

1AC - RD 3 USC

Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas CG | Judge: Chin
Plan- Coast

The Plan:

The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States.

Thumpers- Coast

Huge laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now
Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made
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power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

SMR grants were just given out
Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET

The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors
AND
Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement.

More grants coming
Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41

However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a
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safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.”

US nuclear expansion now- uprating
Plumer ‘12 (Brad Plumer, “How to expand nuclear power without attracting (too much) attention”, Washington Post, 7-18-2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/18/how-to-increase-nuclear-power-without-attracting-attention/)

Since the 1970s, construction on new nuclear reactors in the United States has largely
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reactors—and during a period when fresh plants were impossible to build.

Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable- best new projections
McDonald and Rogner ‘12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012

In his address to the IAEA's 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano
AND
a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan's electricity mix.

However, federal funding has been cut for the HTGR project- this will destroys commercialization
Gibbs ’11 (December 2011 NGNP Project 2011 Status and Path Forward December 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DEAC07-05ID14517 Greg A Gibbs

The result of the Secretary’s letter is that the NGNP Project at INL will be
AND
business cases can be built around the economics of HTGR nuclear energy systems.

Funding for HTGR’s was slashed- kills leadership
Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012

The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels.
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not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005.

Water- Coast

Water shortages are killing millions and will cause extinction- only new reactors can solve
Nisan ‘7 ( The report was prepared by S. Nisan (France). The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was B.M. Misra of the Division of Nuclear Power. STATUS OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION IN IAEA MEMBER STATES IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1524 ISBN 92–0–112806–1 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 2007 (Gender Modified)

Water is indispensable for the very existence of humankind and for
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capacities would lead to more than double the amounts given above 2.

Specifically, HTGRS are the only way to solve coming water shortages- models and studies prove
Nisan ‘7 (Utilisation of waste heat from GT MHR and PBMR reactors
AND
issue 1-3 February 5, 2007. p. 254-268

The gas turbine modular helium cooled reactor (GT MHR) is currently
AND
reactor to the desalination process; • characteristics of the desalination process itself.

Water shortages cause extinction
NASCA ‘6 (NASCA 06 National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation “Water Shortages – Only A Matter Of Time.” http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html)

Water is one of the prime essentials for life as we know it. The
AND
ourselves with a nightmare situation for which there will be no obvious answer.

Central Asian water scarcity kills stability and US cooperation in the region
Dinar et al. ’12 (SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of
AND
, Aaron T. Wolf October 18, 2012 Article Summary and Author Biography

UP IN THE ARAL Another water basin of concern is the Aral Sea,
AND
, freshwater will only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions.

Centrial Asian instability goes nuclear
Blank 2k (Stephen J. - Expert on the Soviet Bloc for the Strategic Studies Institute, “American Grand Strategy and the Transcaspian Region”, World Affairs. 9-22)

Thus many structural conditions for conventional war or protracted ethnic conflict where third parties intervene
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5) neither has willing proxies capable of settling the situation.(77)

US Central Asian cooperation is key to Afghan stability and broader stability
Nichol ’12 (Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs September 19, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33458

U.S. policy toward the Central Asian states has aimed at facilitating their
AND
how to balance these varied U.S. interests in the region.

Afghanistan instability causes multiple global nuclear wars
Carafano ’10 (Con: Obama must win fast in Afghanistan or risk new wars across the globe By JAMES JAY CARAFANO Saturday, Jan. 2, 2010 James Jay Carafano is a senior research fellow for national security at The Heritage Foundation and directs its Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies.

There’s little chance Kabul will become Saigon 1968. If the war in Afghanistan starts
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a puny EU military force incapable of defending the interests of its nations.

Water scarcity causes Pakistan collapse
RT ‘12 (Russia today, citing an intelligence report from The Office of the Director of National Intelligence “Global 'water war' threat by 2030 - US intelligence,” March 22nd, http://rt.com/news/water-conflict-terrorism-rivers-239/)

And while the prospect of “water wars” has been touted for decades,
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, with “more powerful upstream nations impeding or cutting off downstream flow.”

Pakistan instability causes nuclear war
Pitt ‘9 (New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" and "The Greatest Sedition Is Silence." (5/8/09, William, “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=commentaryandarticle=2183)

But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car packed with explosives into a jeep
AND
to be gravely serious about addressing the situation. So should we all.

Russia- Coast

US-Russian tensions are high now- only advanced nuclear power cooperation can resolve other tensions and resilient broader cooperation
Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin)

This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency.
AND
could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap.

HTGR’s are key to Russian co-op- key to solve prolif, nuclear reductions, nuclear industry, and broader relations
Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES)

Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE's NNSA and
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could expand these positive impacts and serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases.

HTGR’s jumpstart cooperation and spillover to broader relations
Khlopkov ’11 (A Peaceful Atom 27 march 2011 Anton Khlopkov Nuclear Rapprochement Between Moscow and Washington Anton Khlopkov is Director of the Center for Energy and Security Studies in Moscow; Editor-in-Chief of Nuclear Club journal.

Another promising area for cooperation is developing innovative nuclear power reactor technologies, including fast
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energy cooperation between Russia and the United States, especially during Congressional debates.

Nuclear cooperation is the only safe haven for diplomacy
Gottemoeller ‘8 (“One Way to Save the Relationship” 27 August 2008, By Rose Gottemoeller, Rose Gottemoeller is director of the Carnegie Moscow Center.)

For anyone who cares deeply about U.S.-Russian relations, events in
AND
continued diplomacy, even when U.S.-Russian relations have deteriorated.

Nuclear cooperation creates resiliency and motivation to maintain relations
Einhorn et al ‘8 (Robert, Rose Gottemoeller, Fred McGoldrick, Daniel Poneman, Jon Wolfsthal, “The U.S.-Russia Civil Nuclear Agreement A Framework for Cooperation”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2008, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080522-einhorn-u.s.-russia-web.pdf)

Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly, that a 123
AND
to additional civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism.

Russian relations are critical to prevent major power conflict in every global hotspot
Nixon Center ‘3 (“Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT,” SEPTEMBER 2K3 HTTP://WWW.NIXONCENTER.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM)

The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any
AND
states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support.

Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terrorism
Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department
AND
material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission."

The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of
AND
nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high.

Terrorism causes nuclear war
Hellman ‘8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence

Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a
AND
to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia.

US-Russia cooperation is key to leadership against nuclear terrorism
Habiger et al. ’12 (US and Russia work together against threat of nuclear terrorism Innovative Elbe Group urges coordination to warn against nuclear menace. The Elbe GroupMarch 20, 2012 13:45 The members of the Elbe Group: General Eugene Habiger USAF (ret), former Commander in Chief of Strategic Command; General of the Army (ret) Anatoliy S. Kulikov, former Minister of Interior Affairs; LTG Franklin Hagenbeck USA (ret), former Superintendent US Military Academy; General of the Army (ret) Valentin V. Korabelnikov, former Head of General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate, Russian Federation; LTG Michael Maples USA (ret), former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency; General Colonel (ret) Anatoliy E. Safonov, former First Deputy Director of FSB and former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Robert Dannenberg, former Chief of Operations for Counterterrorism, CIA; General Colonel (ret) Vladimir N. Verkhovtsev, former Head of 12th GUMO Nuclear Directorate; Mr. Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, former Director of Intelligence and Counterintelligence at DOE; Colonel (ret) Vladimir Y. Goltsov, former Ministry of Interior and MinAtom; Brigadier General Kevin Ryan USA (ret), former Defense Attache to Moscow. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/commentary/us-and-russia-work-together-against-threat-nuclear-terrorism

Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including forming
AND
mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues.

Perception of leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war
Bin ‘9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li
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University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. )

The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is
AND
problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war.

Solvency- Coast

Increased Federal HTGR funding is crucial to getting HTGR’s faster- speed is key to leadership
Yurman ‘9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes
AND
for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments.

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and
AND
design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

More federal funding for HTGR’s is key
Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012

Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan,
AND
facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs.

Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation
Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, )

The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among
AND
D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable.

In 2001, the Department led an international effort to develop a roadmap for the
AND
This is a key consideration in the design and performance of the reactor.

Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success
Gibbs and Soto ‘9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director

The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that
AND
in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.

01/05/2013

1AC - Octas USC

Tournament: USC | Round: Octas | Opponent: UMW MM | Judge:
Plan
The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled prismatic reactor energy production funding in the United States.

Inherency

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made
AND
power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

SMR grants were just given out
Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET

The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors
AND
Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement.

Even more grants coming
Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41

However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a
AND
safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.”

Since the 1970s, construction on new nuclear reactors in the United States has largely
AND
reactors—and during a period when fresh plants were impossible to build.

HTGR funding has been eliminated – No reactor will be built
Linscott ‘11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed,
AND
, a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University.

Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace
AND
favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington.

Adv 1

Failure to fund HTGRs crushes Generation 4 leadership
Lowen ’12 (Testimony by Eric P. Loewen Ph.D. President, American Nuclear Society House Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development On the FY 2013 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Bill March 30, 2012

The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels.
AND
not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005.

More funding for a faster build is key to international cooperation and leadership- specifically with Japan, China, South Africa
Bodman ‘6 ( The full Nuclear Energy Research advisory Committee (NERAC) adopted the report and endorsed its recommendations. The Honorable Pete Domenici Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 The Secretar y of Energy Washington, DC 20585 April 6, 2006 Sincerely, Samuel W. Bodman

The synergy with ongoing activities, and therefore, potential cost share with others will
AND
because these international programs will likely be more timely than the 2021 goal.

HTGR’s are crucial to Generation 4 cooperation- it's the key design
Spurgeon ‘6 (June 12, 2006 Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Asst. Secretary Dennis Spurgeon Department of Energy STATEMENT OF DENNIS SPURGEON ASSISTANT SECRETARY OFFICE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE JUNE 12, 2006

In 2001, the Department led an international effort to develop a roadmap for the
AND
This is a key consideration in the design and performance of the reactor.

HTGR cooperation is key to South Africa relations
Yurman ‘9 (Energy Sec Chu saves PBMR Pebble Bed Project Like it?
AND
on uranium mining in the western U.S. Link to original post

U.S. Department of Energy officials today know what it is like to
AND
. Cheers can be heard in Idaho Falls all the way from Pretoria.

South Africa relations are key to solve great power competition in Africa and pandemics
Underwood ‘6 (Underwood is assistant professor of economics at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Underwood, T.L., 2008, ‘US Relations with South Africa: Why now is a critical time to strengthen them’ African Security R eview, 17, 1, March, pp. 6-19. United States relations with South Africa: Why now is a critical time to strengthen them African Security Review 17.1 Institute for Security Studies

Allowing the problems that exist in Africa to ‘fix themselves’ is not an option
AND
decreasing the intervention needed from the US and bodies such as the UN.

Africa instability escalates to great power war
Glick ‘7 (Dec. 10, 2007 Caroline Glick , THE JERUSALEM POST)

The Horn of Africa is a dangerous and strategically vital place. Small wars,
AND
states of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Kenya.

Disease cause extinction
Keating, 9 (Foreign Policy web editor (Joshua, "The End of the World," Foreign Policy, 11-13-9, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, accessed 9-7-12, mss)

How it could happen: Throughout history, plagues have brought civilizations to their knees
AND
. Biological weapons experimentation has added a new and just as troubling complication.

New safe nuclear cooperation is key to the US Japan alliance
Armitage and Nye 12 (Richard L. Armitage and Joseph S. Nye, “The U.S.-Japan Alliance anchoring stability in Asia”, Report of the CSIS Japan Chair, Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 2012, http://csis.org/files/publication/120810_Armitage_USJapanAlliance_Web.pdf)

Current discourse on Japan is plagued with diction on “crises,” “challenges
AND
resume a leadership role in promoting safe reactor designs and sound regulatory practices.

US Japanese alliance is key to solve multiple nuclear wars
Calder 9 (Kent E., director of the Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies. “Pacific Alliance” Page:217. 8/24/2009)

As we have noted previously, the alliance continues to play some enduring roles in
AND
helping stabilize global finance and trade systems crucial to Japanese well-being.

Generation 4 coop is key to Chinese nuclear weapons dialogue- solves nuclear tensions
Weitz ‘7 (WESTINGHOUSE REACTOR SALE REINFORCES U.S.-CHINA BILATERAL COLLABORATIONS February 2007 Issue, Richard Weitz, Hudson Institute and Jing-Dong Yuan, Monterey Institute Center for Nonproliferation Studies

Beyond the Westinghouse purchase, Chinese officials have indicated interest in cooperating with the United
AND
improved safeguards to counter the danger that nuclear materials or technologies might be stolen

This nuclear dialogue is key to solve nuclear war
Fisher ’11 (MAX FISHER – International policy expert, associate editor at The Atlantic, editor of the the International channel, focusing on strategic and international policy “5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War”

After 10 years of close but unproductive talks, the U.S. and
AND
kind of groundwork the U.S. and China can lay now.

Adv 2

Current reactors fail- we need new HTGR’s for successful coal to liquids
Anderson ’12 (February 06, 2012 Zark Anderson, Science and Technology expert and author, “Next Generation Reactor in Need of Funding” Temperature requirements of potential applications compared with LWR and HTGR operating temperatures. Image Credit: Department of Energy

Most commercial reactors in the U.S. are of the Light Water Reactor
AND
need to agree on the importance and priority of the next generation reactor.

HTGR coal to liquid is economically competitive
Yurman ’12 (Yurman NGNP an essential option for the global energy future Posted on
AND
for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments.

Fred’s enthusiasm for the HTGR design comes through in his description of its features.
AND
competitive with fossil fuels. That should bring customers running,” Moore says.

HTGR’s are key to liquid coal- that's key to energy security and reducing energy costs
Mahoney ’12 (Steam Cycle HTGR to Provide Sustainable Energy Source for Process Heat Users Social Media Tools More Sharing ServicesShare Print Email Save Sponsored by FLSmidth 04/01/2012 By John Mahoney, NGNP Industry Alliance Limited

The NGNP Industry Alliance recently selected the Areva steam cycle high temperature gas-cooled
AND
industrial sector and providing sustainability for key industries that make modern lifestyle possible.

HTGR’s are key to coal to liquid- that's key to energy security and stabilizing energy prices
Gibbs and Mills ’11 (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics August 2011 Revision 1 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Phillip Mills, Engineering Director, Greg Gibbs, Project Director

The NGNP Project is developing and enabling the initial commercial deployment of the high temperature
AND
natural gas prices over the last decade), and reducing CO2 emissions.1

Controlling energy costs is key to avoid great power war
Toradze ‘9 (February 10, 2009 at 16:52:27 Why we need nuclear power. by John Toradze , John Toradze is the pen name of a scientist who ran an office in Tbilisi, Georgia for 5 years and traveled widely in Russia the former USSR nations and nearby. I have authored chapters for books published by the West Point terrorism center on (more...))

Seventh, in the midst of an economic meltdown that I think is going to
AND
except orbiting solar satellites can, and those aren't even on the table.

CTL is key to reducing energy costs and retaining military effectiveness
Sorensen ‘8 (Jim of Allentown is an Air Products and Chemicals Inc. retiree, consultant for several clean coal projects including CO2 sequestration, Good reasons abound for coal-to-liquid fuels, 5/6/8, http://articles.mcall.com/2008-05-06/opinion/4071681_1_oil-imports-ctl-economics, )

While different economic commentators may choose different words, it is obvious that the U
AND
kick-off of its construction will send an unmistakable message to OPEC.

Oil dependence could reduce a state’s security if its access to oil is vulnerable to
AND
import oil will be uninterrupted and will pursue policies to ensure secure access.

Specifically, Oil dependence causes nuclear conflicts with Iran
GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, “ Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security,” August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx, ) *note – added of for grammar

Energy dependence could draw the United States into a conflict in which a regional power
AND
a full-scale invasion or a conventional attack against their nuclear forces.

CTL lowers oil revenues- that's key to democracy
RAND ‘8 (Producing Liquid Fuels from Coal Prospects and Policy Issues James T. Bartis, Frank Camm, David S. Ortiz © Copyright 2008 RAND Corporation The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors

The anticipated reduction in world oil prices associated with CTL development, or more generally
AND
.S. sentiments and possibly acts of terrorism against the United States.

Oil revenues destroy democracy- consensus of scholarship agrees
Sandalow ‘7 (David Sandalow, Energy and Environment Scholar at The Brookings Institution, “Ending Oil Dependence,” The Brookings Institution, January 22, 2007, http://www.brookings.edu/views/papers/fellows/sandalow20070122.pdf, )

Oil wealth also corrodes democratic institutions. This dynamic is not inevitable, but it
AND
more authoritarian rule. In Nigeria, oil abundance contributes to widespread corruption.

Democracy solves extinction
Diamond ‘95 Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, December, PROMOTING DEMOCRACY IN THE 1990S, 1995, p. http://www.carnegie.org//sub/pubs/deadly/diam_rpt.html

Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons continue to proliferate. The very source of life
AND
their own citizens, who organize to protest the destruction of their environments.

CTL is key to the air force
Sirak, ‘6 (Michael, Defense Daily Correspondent, Vol. 231 No. 116, December 22, Lexis)

As the Air Force nears the goal of certifying its B-52H bomber aircraft
AND
the Army and Navy on the introduction of alternative fuels, Bollinger noted.

Liquid coal is crucial to an effective air force
Dimotakis, ‘6 (Paul, The MITRE Corporation, Reducing DoD Fossil-Fuel Dependence, http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/fossil.pdf, December 09, 2006)

Ethanol, however, has a 50% lower volumetric energy density than gasoline.
AND
performance of DoD platforms and opening up new mission capabilities for DoD forces.

Air power is uniquely key to US power projection and global stability – prevents great power war
Eaglen and Birkley ’12 (Mackenzie, Research Fellow for National Security Studies at the Heritage Foundation, former Presidential Management Fellow for the Department of Defense and Douglas A. Birkey,
“Nearing Coffin Corner: US Air Power on the Edge” American Enterprise Institute National Security outlook no. 1, March 2012, http://aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/defense/nearing-coffin-corner-us-air-power-on-the-edge/http://aei.org/outlook/foreign-and-defense-policy/defense/nearing-coffin-corner-us-air-power-on-the-edge/)

Air power stands as a cornerstone of the Obama administration’s recent decision to prioritize defense
AND
such investments encourages regional instability that may lead to miscalculation and ultimately conflict.

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and
AND
design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation
Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, )

The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among
AND
D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable.

The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that
AND
in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.

01/05/2013

1AC - Quarters USC

Tournament: USC | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Harvard DT | Judge:
Contention One is Inherency

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made
AND
power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

SMR grants were just given out
Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET

The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors
AND
Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement.

Even more grants coming
Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41

However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a
AND
safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.”

Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace
AND
favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington.

The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels.
AND
not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005.

Adv 1 Russia

This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency.
AND
could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap.

Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE's NNSA and
AND
could expand these positive impacts and serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases.

Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly, that a 123
AND
to additional civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism.

The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any
AND
states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support.

HTGR’s are key to solve terrorism and weapons reductions
Pomper ‘7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms
AND
affairs from Columbia University and a master's degree in journalism from Northwestern University.

The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits
AND
reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year.

Nuclear coop is key to weapons reductions
Bunn ‘7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next
AND
Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995.

Weapons reductions solve nuclear war
Rybachenkov ’12 (A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF ARMS CONTROL AND MUTUAL DETERRENCE1 Vladimir Rybachenkov2 1 Text of presentation at the Fourth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, USA, February 14-17, 2012. 2 Senior Research Scientist, Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environment Studies

Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents
AND
1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states.

Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terror
Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department
AND
material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission."

The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of
AND
nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high.

Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a
AND
to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia.

Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including forming
AND
mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues.

The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is
AND
problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war.

Adv 2 Chem

Coming energy shocks will kill the chemical industry
Dooley ‘11 (The American Chemistry Council Statement for the Record House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures Subcommittee on Oversight September 22, 2011 Submitted by: Calvin M. Dooley President and Chief Executive Officer

This is particularly true for America’s chemical industry, which uses natural gas as both
AND
120,000 jobs as natural gas prices spiked not five years ago.

HTGR’s are key to the chemical industry
Gibbs and Mills ’11 (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics August 2011 Revision 1 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Phillip Mills, Engineering Director, Greg Gibbs, Project Director

The NGNP Project is developing and enabling the initial commercial deployment of the high temperature
AND
biomass-to-liquid fuel conversion processes in the synthesis of ammonia.

Chem industry key to solve extinction
Baum ’99 (editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society's Chemical and Engineering News 1999 (Rudy M. Baum, CandE News, “Millennium Special Report,” 12-6-99, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html)

The pace of change in today's world is truly incomprehensible. Science is advancing on
AND
up in real public fear of genetic manipulation and corporate control over food.

Chem industry is key to aerospace
Delpy and Pike ‘10 (Professor David Delpy FRS, chief executive at Oxford Economics, AND* Dr. Richard Pike, Ph.D. in chemical sciences, September 2010, “The economic benefits of chemistry research to the UK,” http://www.rsc.org/images/Economic_Benefits_of_Chemistry_Sep_2010_tcm18-191337.pdf

Aerospace solves heg and cyber terrorism
Deloitte 12 | (Deloitte is a consulting and financial advisory service, Report Commissioned by the Aerospace Industries Association, " The Aerospace and Defense Industry in the U.S. A financial and economic impact study," March, http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/deloitte_study_2012.pdf)

Reductions in casualties in armed conflict Human casualties resulting from armed conflict have been declining
AND
continues to develop the next generation technologies to address these and future threats.

History proves- only US leadership solves multiple world wars
Khalilzad ‘11 (ZALMAY KHALILZAD FEBRUARY 8, 2011 4:00 A.M. The Economy and National Security — Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992.

We face this domestic challenge while other major powers are experiencing rapid economic growth.
AND
the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression.

Cyber-terrorism causes multiple pathways to nuclear war
Fritz ‘9 – researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University (Jason, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July, http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf)

This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons.
AND
its own, without the need for compromising command and control centres directly.

Chem industry- specifically ammonia production- is key to food production
Ritter ’8 (AUGUST 18, 2008 VOLUME 86, NUMBER 33 WEB EXCLUSIVE NITROGEN-FIXING THE WORLD The Haber-Bosch Reaction: An Early Chemical Impact On Sustainability Ammonia production helped boost global agriculture but also led to unsustainable population growth Steven K. Ritter

Now that the concept of sustainability has grabbed global attention, chemists are contemplating new
AND
has had a more dramatic impact on Earth than Haber-Bosch chemistry.

Fertilizers are key to stable global food supplies
TFI ‘9 (The Fertilizer Institute, Trade Group that analyzes and represents the fertilizer industry, “The U.S. Fertilizer Industry and Climate Change Policy,” April 2 2009

Fertilizer nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – are all naturally occurring elements that
AND
disaster or substandard world harvest away from a full-scale food crisis.

Stable food supplies are key to avoid multiple scenarios for extinction
Lugar 2K (Richard Lugar, US Senator from Indiana, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, 2000)

In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning
AND
in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.

Contention 2 is Solvency

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and
AND
design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation
Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, )

The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among
AND
D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable.

This reactor is the best- cheapest, best licensing pathway, right temperature range, better tech, and key to process heat
ELP ’12 (Nuclear Power: Small Modular Reactors - US warms to Areva's HTGR technology, but not too much. http://www.elp.com/index/from-the-wires/wire_news_display/1666630466.html Modern Power System May 15, 2012

The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Industry Alliance - a US based grouping of companies interested in promoting, developing and commercialising high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) technology, with a focus on process heat applications (petrochemicals, oil recovery, synfuel production) as well as power - has announced that it has selected Areva's HTGR technology as "the optimum design for next generation nuclear power plants." The Alliance

describes its role as providing "a forum and focus to communicate industry needs and
AND
and 1987 as a cogeneration plant with fossil fuel as the heat source.

The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that
AND
in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.

Since the 1970s, construction on new nuclear reactors in the United States has largely
AND
reactors—and during a period when fresh plants were impossible to build.

Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence
Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND
AND
its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009

Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face
AND
it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy.

DOE key- statutory authority and international agreements
MIT ‘10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap: Report to Congress”, April 2010, http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-033-nuclear-systems-design-project-fall-2011/readings/MIT22_033F11_read_core_doe.pdf

In the United States, it is the responsibility of industry to design,
AND
initiatives that bear directly on the development and deployment of new reactor systems.

Fed key to industry and financial certainty
Wallace ‘5 (President of Constellation Generation Group, Mike Wallace, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER 2010 INITIATIVE,” 4/26, lexis)

The Department of Energy's Nuclear Power 2010 program is a necessary, but not sufficient
AND
necessary and appropriate investment in U.S. energy security.

01/09/2013

2AC - Dubs - Fullerton

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: Dubs | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge:
*2AC

AT: Past Failures

Past failures weren’t technical and don’t impact the future
Adams ’10 (Power Magazine Blog – Curmudgeon’s View: a Negative View of Gas Reactors (HTGR) Needing a Response Rod Adams • April 7, 2010 About Rod Adams Pro-nuclear advocate with small nuclear plant operating and design experience. Former submarine Engineer Officer. Founder, Adams Atomic Engines, Inc. Host and producer, The Atomic Show Podcast. Resume available here. Please subscribe to the Atomic Show RSS feed.

Kennedy Maize published a Power Magazine blog post titled Curmudgeon’s View: Waste, DOE
AND
Within a year of that event, the order cancellations started rolling in.

No shortage and immigration solves
Reinhardt and Murray ’8, Sonya Reinhardt, Master of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences of Duke University, Dr. Brian Murray, Prof of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences of Duke University, May 2008“Economic Barriers to the Expansion of Nuclear Power in the United States”, http://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/526/MP_sbr7_a_200805.pdf

A labor shortage is not a large enough barrier to stop an expansion of new
AND
extraction will continue to be viable for at least the next 50 years.

Neolib- 2AC
Util is key
Isaac 2 (Jeffrey, Professor of PoliSci @ Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD Yale, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol 49 Issue 2)

As a result, the most important political questions are simply not asked. It
AND
not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Only nuclear power and using the state can solve
Nordhaus 11, chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11
(Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta)

Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology,
AND
simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature.

The system is resilient
Lamy ’11(Pascal Lamy is the Director-General of the World Trade Organization. Lamy is Honorary President of Paris-based think tank Notre Europe. Lamy graduated from the prestigious Sciences Po Paris, from HEC and ÉNA, graduating second in his year of those specializing in economics. “System Upgrade” BY PASCAL LAMY | APRIL 18, 2011)

The bigger test came with the 2008-2009 Great Recession, the first truly
AND
enabling these countries to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.

No impact to crisis
Jervis ’11 (Robert Jervis 11, Professor in the Department of Political Science and School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, December 2011, “Force in Our Times,” Survival, Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 403-425

Even if war is still seen as evil, the security community could be dissolved
AND
times bring about greater economic conflict, it will not make war thinkable.

Water shortages mass death and extinction- plan solves
Nisan ‘7 ( The report was prepared by S. Nisan (France). The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was B.M. Misra of the Division of Nuclear Power. STATUS OF NUCLEAR DESALINATION IN IAEA MEMBER STATES IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1524 ISBN 92–0–112806–1 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 2007 (Gender Modified)

Water is indispensable for the very existence of humankind and for
AND
capacities would lead to more than double the amounts given above 2.

AT: Adv CP

HTGR’s are key to cement US-India nuclear coop- solves relations and energy security
Tellis ‘6 (U.S.-Indian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation and India’s Nuclear
AND
the RAND Corporation and professor of Policy Analysis at the RAND Graduate School.

Fourth, the opportunity to import new nuclear reactors from abroad provides new benefits in
AND
canard regarding the effect of imported natural uranium on India’s nuclear weapons program.

US India nuclear coop solves Indo-Pak war
Kumar ‘8 (The U.S.-India Nuke Deal: U.S. Needs and Ambitions by Dr. Dheeraj Kumar, Sept, 2008 Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California., Dr. Dheeraj Kumar completed his PhD on “Indo-U.S. Relations: The Context of Globalization” from the Department of History, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India. Presently, he is working as a Lecturer of History at Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya

“India has agreed for the first time in thirty years to take on key
AND
controlling sensitive Indian exports, and help prevent nuclear war on the subcontinent.

Indian energy insecurity causes great power conflict
Kaplan ‘9 (Robert D. Kaplan, a National Correspondent for The Atlantic
AND
, Issue 2, “Power Plays in the Indian Ocean”, LEQ)

Thanks to the predictability of the monsoon winds, the countries on the Indian Ocean
AND
Ocean is where global struggles will play out in the twenty-first century
States- 2AC

Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence
Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND
AND
its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009

Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face
AND
also controls many of the risk factors which could give rise to regulatory delays

in commencing commercial operation of a new nuclear project. Further, in the
AND
it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy.

Fed key - industry and financial certainty
Wallace ‘5 (President of Constellation Generation Group, Mike Wallace, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER 2010 INITIATIVE,” 4/26, lexis)

The Department of Energy's Nuclear Power 2010 program is a necessary, but not sufficient
AND
necessary and appropriate investment in U.S. energy security.

The counterplan will result in funding battles- kills solvency
LAO ‘11 (legislative analyst’s office – California’s nonpartisan fiscal and policy advisor, “A Ten-Year Perspective: California Infrastructure Spending,” 8/25/2011, http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2011/stadm/infrastructure/infrastructure_082511.aspx)

Transportation Funding Less Predictable. During the last ten years, there has been tension
AND
turn can lead to project delays that can often make projects more costly.

States links to politics
Kiely ‘12 EUGENE KIELY, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org “Did Obama ‘Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?” http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/

Who’s to blame, if that’s the right word, if the project ends up
AND
spending taxpayer money on Chinese firms to build U.S. bridges.

Debt Ceiling- 2AC

Debt ceiling hike inevitable – GOP will cave.
Picht 1-1. Jim, columnist, phd in economics @ Texas AandM, "Fiscal cliff averted, Obama victorious, House caves" Washington Times Communities -- communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/stimulus/2013/jan/1/fiscal-cliff-averted-no/

Obama stated bluntly that he will not negotiate over the debt ceiling, drawing a line that the current GOP leadership will find hard to cross. Republicans who talk of tying a debt ceiling vote to spending cuts are going to be put on the defensive, and they've demonstrated that they don't have the spine for that.

Hagel thumps
Politico ‘1-6 (1-6-13, By SCOTT WONG and MANU RAJU | 1/6/13 4:19 PM EST Navigate: POLITICO Congress, Chuck Hagel takes fire from Capitol Hill Chuck Hagel takes fire from Capitol Hill http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/chuck-hagel-takes-fire-from-capitol-hill-85805_Page3.html#ixzz2HKUIyMAF

Senate Democrats and Republicans are far from sold on President Barack Obama’s expected nomination of
AND
has to get him across the finish line. Dems will hate this.”

Nuclear has unanimous support
Press Action ’12 (3/12/12 (“US Nuclear Industry Operates as if Fukushima Never Happened”) http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/

Both Democrats and Republicans have had a long love affair with commercial nuclear power,
AND
that the U.S. political system permits honest and real debate.

HTGR lobby pushes the plan, not Obama
Yurman ‘8 (Tuesday, April 8, 2008 Idaho lab's long range vision for NGNP Dan Yurman, Dan Yurman publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled 'Idaho Samizdat' http://djysrv.blogspot.com. It covers the nuclear energy industry globally including new reactor investments, economics, politics, and technologies. He is a frequent contributor to the ANS Nuclear Cafe http://ansnuclearcafe.org and to Fuel Cycle Week http://fuelcycleweek.com Simpson reports substantial increases in nuclear RandD funding and for cleanup

For Idaho, with Sen. Larry Craig, a long-time advocate for
AND
some shortfalls for NGNP, Idaho isn't out of the running just yet.

Pol Cap fails
Klein ‘12 Ezra Klein is the editor of Wonkblog and a columnist at the Washington Post, as well as a contributor to MSNBC and Bloomberg, , “The Unpersuaded, Who listens to a President?”, March 19, 2012, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/03/19/120319fa_fact_klein?currentPage=all

The experience helped to crystallize something that Lee had been thinking about. “Most
AND
might have the perverse effect of making it harder for him to govern.

Plan gets balanced and bundled in the annual energy bill
HAC ’12 (US House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, Washington, April 25 “Fiscal Year 2013 Energy and Water Appropriations Bill Approved by Appropriations Committee” http://appropriations.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=292584

The House Appropriations Committee today approved the fiscal year 2013 Energy and Water and Related
AND
competitiveness and get people back to work here at home,” Frelinghuysen said.

01/09/2013

1AC - RD 5 - Oil Adv

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 5 | Opponent: MSU HR | Judge:
Contention 3 is Oil

Current reactors fail- we need new HTGR’s for successful reduction of oil dependence
Anderson ’12 (February 06, 2012 Zark Anderson, Science and Technology expert and author, “Next Generation Reactor in Need of Funding” Temperature requirements of potential applications compared with LWR and HTGR operating temperatures. Image Credit: Department of Energy

Most commercial reactors in the U.S. are of the Light Water Reactor
AND
need to agree on the importance and priority of the next generation reactor.

Only HTGRs can solve peak oil and oil dependence
Fin ’12 (AL FIN NORTH AMERICA Energy and oil analyst and writer, 08 MAY 2012 Your Regularly Scheduled Peak Oil Doomsday Has Been Postponed Several Decades to Allow Humans to Convert to Advanced Nuclear Power The following article was adapted from multiple articles previously published at Al Fin Energy and Al Fin Potpourri blogs

Using unconventional gas and gas hydrates as substitutes for crude oil in the production of
AND
of energy scarcity in order to move into a future of relative abundance.

Oil shortages cause grid crash, food collapse, and extinction
Urstadt ‘6 (Bryant Urstadt, writing for Harpers Magazine, “Imagine there’s no oil: scenes from a liberal apocalypse” Aug 2006 http://www.harpers.org/archive/2006/08/0081156 Accessed July 2012)

As for what will happen after the oil runs out, Heinberg presented an unnerving
AND
terrible scenario, and for delivering it, Heinberg received a standing ovation.

Solving oil shortages is key to prevent extinction- resource wars and oil shocks
Henderson ‘7 (“Climate Change, Peak Oil And Nuclear War” http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-henderson240207.htm) By Bill Henderson 24 February, 2007

We have three: The awakening public now know that climate change is real and
AND
to extinction for humanity and much of what we now recognize as nature.

HTGR’s are key to solving oil dependence
Gibbs and Mills ’11 (High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Projected Markets and Preliminary Economics August 2011 Revision 1 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Phillip Mills, Engineering Director, Greg Gibbs, Project Director

The NGNP Project is developing and enabling the initial commercial deployment of the high temperature
AND
natural gas prices over the last decade), and reducing CO2 emissions.1

Dependence causes multiple war scenarios
GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, “ Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security,” August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx, )

Oil dependence could reduce a state’s security if its access to oil is vulnerable to
AND
import oil will be uninterrupted and will pursue policies to ensure secure access.

Energy dependence could draw the United States into a conflict in which a regional power
AND
a full-scale invasion or a conventional attack against their nuclear forces.

Oil dependence destroys US power projection in every global region
Sussman ’12 (Michael Sussman, The writer conducted his graduate studies at the Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya. He served in the office of the Critic of International Cooperation in the Canadian House of Commons, where he conducted foreign policy analyses. He is currently the president of the strategic consulting firm Samuel Sussman Strategic Consulting Group. His forthcoming book is entitled, Multiple Modernities in the Contemporary Scene, “American military spending and oil dependency”, February 9, 2012, )

One of the most crucial problems facing the United States is whether it will be
AND
eliminated. Americans should ask themselves why these solutions are not being implemented.

Power projection is key to solve multiple nuclear wars
Kagan and O’Hanlon ‘7 (Frederick Kagan and Michael O’Hanlon 7, Fred’s a resident scholar at AEI, Michael is a senior fellow in foreign policy at Brookings, “The Case for Larger Ground Forces”, April, http://www.aei.org/files/2007/04/24/20070424_Kagan20070424.pdf

We live at a time when wars not only rage in nearly every region but
AND
Such a measure is not only prudent, it is also badly overdue.

HTGR’s are key to solving energy costs and oil dependence
Mahoney ’12 (Steam Cycle HTGR to Provide Sustainable Energy Source for Process Heat Users Social Media Tools More Sharing ServicesShare Print Email Save Sponsored by FLSmidth 04/01/2012 By John Mahoney, NGNP Industry Alliance Limited

Seventh, in the midst of an economic meltdown that I think is going to
AND
except orbiting solar satellites can, and those aren't even on the table.

01/09/2013

1AC - Doubles - Fullerton

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: Dubs | Opponent: Liberty LS | Judge:
The Plan:

The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled prismatic reactor energy production funding in the United States.

Contention One is Inherency

Laundry list of nuclear incentives and construction now
Johnson ’12 (US Campaign Trail: is nuclear in the equation? By John Johnson on Apr 25, 2012, nuclear energy expert and analyst, Nuclear Energy Insider, Nuclear Business Intelligence http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/new-build/us-campaign-trail-nuclear-equation

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made
AND
power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

SMR grants now
Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET

The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors
AND
Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement.

More grants coming
Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41

However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a
AND
safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.”

Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable
McDonald and Rogner ‘12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012

In his address to the IAEA's 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano
AND
a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan's electricity mix.

Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace
AND
favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington.

The Advanced Reactor Concepts program should be funded at the FY 2012 enacted levels.
AND
not keeping with Congresses vision of the project established by law in 2005.

Contention Two is Russia

US-Russian tensions are high now- only advanced nuclear power cooperation can resolve tensions and resiliency
Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin)

This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency.
AND
could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap.

Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE's NNSA and
AND
could expand these positive impacts and serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases.

Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly, that a 123
AND
to additional civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism.

Russian relations are critical to prevent war in every global hotspot
Nixon Center ‘3 (“Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT,” SEPTEMBER 2K3 HTTP://WWW.NIXONCENTER.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM)

The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any
AND
states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support.
HTGR’s are key to solve terrorism and weapons reductions
Pomper ‘7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms
AND
affairs from Columbia University and a master's degree in journalism from Northwestern University.
The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits
AND
reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year.
Nuclear coop is key to weapons reductions
Bunn ‘7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next
AND
Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995.

The United States and Russia still possess massive stockpiles of plutonium and highly enriched uranium
AND
could strengthen international political support for measures to repair the global nonproliferation regime.
Weapons reductions solve nuclear war
Rybachenkov ’12 (A RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF ARMS CONTROL AND MUTUAL DETERRENCE1 Vladimir Rybachenkov2 1 Text of presentation at the Fourth Annual Nuclear Deterrence Summit, Arlington, VA, USA, February 14-17, 2012. 2 Senior Research Scientist, Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environment Studies

Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents
AND
1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states.
Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terror
Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department
AND
material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission."

The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of
AND
nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high.

Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities for triggering a
AND
to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia.

Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including forming
AND
mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues.

The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm is
AND
problem, avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war.

Contention 4 is Chem

This is particularly true for America’s chemical industry, which uses natural gas as both
AND
120,000 jobs as natural gas prices spiked not five years ago.

The pace of change in today's world is truly incomprehensible. Science is advancing on
AND
up in real public fear of genetic manipulation and corporate control over food.
Chem industry is key to aerospace
Delpy and Pike ‘10 (Professor David Delpy FRS, chief executive at Oxford Economics, AND* Dr. Richard Pike, Ph.D. in chemical sciences, September 2010, “The economic benefits of chemistry research to the UK,” http://www.rsc.org/images/Economic_Benefits_of_Chemistry_Sep_2010_tcm18-191337.pdf

Aerospace - The modern aerospace industry depends on high-performance products that are lightweight
AND
helping to improve the performance maintainability of the aircraft should not be underestimated.
Aerospace solves heg and cyber terrorism
Deloitte 12 | (Deloitte is a consulting and financial advisory service, Report Commissioned by the Aerospace Industries Association, " The Aerospace and Defense Industry in the U.S. A financial and economic impact study," March, http://www.aia-aerospace.org/assets/deloitte_study_2012.pdf)

We face this domestic challenge while other major powers are experiencing rapid economic growth.
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the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression.
Cyber-terrorism causes multiple scenarios for nuclear war
Fritz ‘9 – researcher for International Commission on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Disarmament, former Army officer and consultant, and has a master of international relations at Bond University (Jason, “Hacking Nuclear Command and Control,” July, http://www.icnnd.org/latest/research/Jason_Fritz_Hacking_NC2.pdf)

This paper will analyse the threat of cyber terrorism in regard to nuclear weapons.
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its own, without the need for compromising command and control centres directly.

Now that the concept of sustainability has grabbed global attention, chemists are contemplating new
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has had a more dramatic impact on Earth than Haber-Bosch chemistry.
Fertilizers are key to stable global food supplies
TFI ‘9 (The Fertilizer Institute, Trade Group that analyzes and represents the fertilizer industry, “The U.S. Fertilizer Industry and Climate Change Policy,” April 2 2009

Fertilizer nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – are all naturally occurring elements that
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disaster or substandard world harvest away from a full-scale food crisis.

In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning
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in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.

Contention 4 is Solvency

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and
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design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation
Spurgeon ‘6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, “The U.S. GNEP Approach”, )

The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among
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D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable.

Prismatic reactor solves best
ELP ’12 (Nuclear Power: Small Modular Reactors - US warms to Areva's HTGR technology, but not too much. http://www.elp.com/index/from-the-wires/wire_news_display/1666630466.html Modern Power System May 15, 2012

The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Industry Alliance - a US based grouping of companies interested
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and 1987 as a cogeneration plant with fossil fuel as the heat source.
Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence
Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND
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its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009

Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face
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it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy.
Fed key to industry and financial certainty
Wallace ‘5 (President of Constellation Generation Group, Mike Wallace, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER 2010 INITIATIVE,” 4/26, lexis)

The Department of Energy's Nuclear Power 2010 program is a necessary, but not sufficient
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necessary and appropriate investment in U.S. energy security.
Federal DOE Demonstration is critical to HTGR success
Gibbs and Soto ‘9 (Document ID: PLN-2825 Revision ID: 1 Effective Date: 09/30/09 Preliminary Project Execution Plan Project No. 23843 Greg Gibbs, Project Director, Rafael Soto, Deputy Project Director

The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that
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in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.
DOE key- statutory authority and international agreements
MIT ‘10 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap: Report to Congress”, April 2010, http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/nuclear-engineering/22-033-nuclear-systems-design-project-fall-2011/readings/MIT22_033F11_read_core_doe.pdf

In the United States, it is the responsibility of industry to design,
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initiatives that bear directly on the development and deployment of new reactor systems.

01/09/2013

1AC - Quarters - Fullerton

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:

Contention One is Inherency

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made
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power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

SMR grants were just given out
Colman ’11-20-12 (Administration awards grant to speed sales of small nuclear reactors By Zack Colman - 11/20/12 05:32 PM ET

The Energy Department selected a grant recipient Tuesday for a class of small nuclear reactors
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Fertel, the group’s president and CEO, said in a Tuesday statement.

Even more grants coming
Springer ’12-10-12 (Holtec Fails to Nab First U.S. Small Nuclear Reactor Grant By Richard Springer, Staff Reporter Dec 10, 2012 Read more: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/268991-energy-awards-grant-for-nuclear-reactor-commercialization#ixzz2GxGsKR41

However, the U.S. Energy Department has announced plans to issue a
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safety features, cost competitiveness, innovative security features, and operational reliability.”

Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace
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favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington.

Advantage 1AC
U.S. tritium production is declining now—this will jack nuclear weapons
Podvig ’10 – affiliate of the Center for International Security Cooperation
(Pavel Podvig, worked at the Center for Arms Control Studies at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), which was the first independent research organization in Russia dedicated to analysis of technical issues related to arms control and disarmament. In Moscow, Podvig was the leader of a major research project and the editor of the book Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces (MIT Press, 2001), International Panel on Fissile Materials, 10-11-2010, http://fissilematerials.org/blog/2010/10/future_supply_of_tritium_.html)
In a recent report to the U.S. House Armed Services Committee,
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a key element of U.S. nuclear non-proliferation policy.

Current failure to resolve tritium shortages undermines deterrence
GAO ’10 (National Nuclear ¶ Security ¶ Administration Needs ¶ to Ensure Continued ¶ Availability of Tritium ¶ for the Weapons Stockpile, 10/2010, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11100.pdf)

NNSA’s inability to overcome the technical challenges and meet its ¶ original tritium production goals
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on current and future ¶ availability of tritium for the nuclear weapons stockpile.

Lack of tritium supplies cripples nuclear deterrence credibility
Edwards ’89 (James, Security, Disarmament And The Short Life Of Tritium, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1989-02-24/news/8903080262_1_tritium-nuclear-weapons-nuclear-deterrent)

Events of the past year show just how serious the problem is. Last April
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before the first commercial nuclear power plant was even on the drawing boards.
Bolstering nuclear deterrence now is critical- otherwise nuclear conflicts are inevitable
Payne ’12 – professor and head of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State
(Dr. Keith B., Testimony to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, 7-25-2012)
The GNZC report, however, essentially dismisses this concern by asserting that Russia and
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they are manifest to opponents and allies for deterrence and assurance purposes respectively.

Russian aggression will escalate to nuclear use if the arsenal’s quality degrades
Heinrichs 12 – adjunct fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (Rebeccah, 07/09, “Obama Pursues “Reset” While Putin Pursues “Get Set”,” http://blog.heritage.org/2012/07/09/obama-pursues-reset-while-putin-pursues-get-set/)
In 2007, Russia began flying nuclear-capable bombers into air zones identified by
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has at his disposal a credible nuclear force capable of conveying this message.

nuclear deterrence provides conflict escalation control
William J. Perry and James R. Schlesinger, chairman and vice-chairman of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, “America’s Strategic Posture,” 2009, http://media.usip.org/reports/strat_posture_report.pdf
In today’s world, this simple approach is dif-ficult to replicate. As
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forces that might yet be launched against the United States or its allies.

HE-3 shortage now – low tritium production is causing a supply crisis
Veen-Hincke ’12 (Kristin V, Political Focus: Helium-3 Supply Dwindles while Demand Increases, May/June 2012, http://wellservicingmagazine.com/political-focus/2012/05/political-focus-helium-3-supply-dwindles-while-demand-increases/)

For more than 50 years, the Department of Energy (DOE) has supplied
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termed a “critical shortage in the global supply of Helium-3.”

Helium shortages undermines nuclear detection capabilities – key to prevent prolif and nuclear terrorism
Homeland Security News Wire ’11 (Helium-3 shortage endangers nuclear detection capabilities
2/28/11, http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/helium-3-shortage-endangers-nuclear-detection-capabilities)

Demand for radiation detectors has surged as a result of increased efforts to stop nuclear
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, and explore technologies to recycle helium-3 and extend current supplies.¶

Effective nuclear forensics deters terrorism
Talmadge ‘7 (IR and Government Prof-George Washington, PhD-MIT, “Deterring a Nuclear 9/11,” www.twq.com/07spring/docs/07spring_talmadge.pdf)

Because terrorists lack return addresses, analysts have dismissed even more firmly the possibility of
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or passively assist terrorists in a nuclear attack on the United States.20

Detection technology is uniquely key to solve terrorism
Levi ‘8 (Michael A. David M. Rubenstein senior fellow for energy and environment at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Deterring State of Sponsorship of Nuclear Terrorism”, Council of Foreign Relations Special Report No. 39, September 2008)

Nuclear detection technology has a dual role in thwarting a terrorist nuclear attack—deterrence
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of nuclear detection systems would change: they would become the main defense.
HE-3 shortage undermines non-proliferation and scientific research
Lobsenz ’10 (George, editor of Energy Daily, DOE Helium Shortage Hits Nuke Security, Oil And Gas Industry, 7/10/10,
http://www.managingpowermag.com/supply_chains/253.html)

The Energy Department's failure to recognize an impending supply squeeze for helium-3—
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and gas reservoirs, including the nation's fast-growing shale gas fields.

Prolif causes extinction- it will be fast and dangerous
Kroenig ’12 (Matthew Kroenig: The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have
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Does It Have A Future? Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center

The greatest threat posed by the spread of nuclear weapons is nuclear war. The
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capabilities, triggering an arms race in a strategically important and volatile region.

HTGR’s are ideal for tritium production – multiple warrants
CSP ’91 (Center for Security Policy, SHOULD THE U.S. PROCEED WITH A NEW TRITIUM PRODUCTION REACTOR? http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/p3401.xml?genre_id=)

Only one of the two designs now competing for selection as the New Production Reactor
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meeting fluid long-term tritium production needs and the larger national interest.

HTGR’s are the best model for producing tritium
Charles ’89 (Dan, science and tech writer, “Nuclear Safety: Some Like it Hot”, New Scientist)

IN 1984, Lawrence Lidsky a professor of nuclear engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of
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from Macnox reactors: there has been more time to perfect the HTGR.

Hydrogen – 1035

Current reactors fail- we need new HTGR’s for successful hydrogen deployment
Anderson ’12 (February 06, 2012 Zark Anderson, Science and Technology expert and author, “Next Generation Reactor in Need of Funding” Temperature requirements of potential applications compared with LWR and HTGR operating temperatures. Image Credit: Department of Energy

Most commercial reactors in the U.S. are of the Light Water Reactor
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need to agree on the importance and priority of the next generation reactor.

Only the HTGR can ensure effective hydrogen deployment
Serfass ‘6 (June 12, 2006 Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Mr. Jeff Serfass National Hydrogen Association U. S. Senate ommittee on Energy and Natural Resources Sections 641 through 645, Energy Policy Act of 2005 Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project within the Department of Energy Statement of Jeffrey Serfass President National Hydrogen Association June 12, 2006

My testimony will make the following points that reflect the NHA’s policy positions: •
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allow investments later in the decade and beyond for full scale hydrogen production.

Only HTGRs can solve hydrogen
Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198)

Capable of Providing High Temperature Process Heat for Central Plant Scale Hydrogen Production—Hydrogen
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heat temperatures that exceed all reactor concepts except the High Temperature Gas Reactor.

Hydrogen is key to solve extinction from oil shortages
Rifkin ‘2 (Economist and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends Jeremy Rifkin, “The dawn of the Hydrogen economy: when there is no more oil or gas … the next great commercial revolution,” RMA Journal, Oct, 2002, pg. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/ai_n14897180/pg_5/?tag=content;col1

Experts had been saying that we had another 40 or so years of cheap available
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leap forward for the whole of the world economy in the coming decades.

As for what will happen after the oil runs out, Heinberg presented an unnerving
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terrible scenario, and for delivering it, Heinberg received a standing ovation.

HTGR produced hydrogen is key to fertilizers
Keuter ‘6 (Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Mr. Dan Keuter Entergy Nuclear Testimony of Dan R. Keuter, Vice President, Nuclear Business Development Entergy Nuclear Before the U. S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources June 12, 2006

This high temperature gas cooled reactor can be an important part of: ? Reducing
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a raw material in the production of a variety of chemicals and plastics.

In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning
AND
in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.

Contention 4 is Solvency

The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Industry Alliance - a US based grouping of companies interested
AND
and 1987 as a cogeneration plant with fossil fuel as the heat source.

The US HTGR program will be uniquely successful if funded
Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012

Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan,
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the deployment of their version of a modular HTGR design that may compete globally

The NGNP Project will be a Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed plant that
AND
in accordance with the DOE mission and objectives and those of its partners.

Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence
Gale et al. ‘9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND
AND
its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL Vol. 30:497 2009

Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face
AND
it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy.

In the United States, it is the responsibility of industry to design,
AND
initiatives that bear directly on the development and deployment of new reactor systems.

02/09/2013

RD 2 NU V. Kansas CG

02/09/2013

RD 3 NU V. Emporia SW

02/10/2013

RD 5 NU V. Minnesota SS

02/10/2013

RD 8 V. Iowa AH

02/11/2013

Dubs V. MSU BC

02/11/2013

Quarters V. Michigan AP

03/29/2013

NDT Rd 1

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Boston College KM | Judge:

1AC- Plan

The Plan:

The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States.

1AC- Inh

Just the same, the Obama Administration is considered a nuclear supporter, having made
AND
power plant near Jenkinsville, S.C., by 2016 and 2019.

Surprise SMR funding just happened
Hashem 3-20-13 ~Heba, Nuclear Energy Insider, "NuScale competes for second SMR funding," http://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/small-modular-reactors/nuscale-competes-second-smr-funding~~

Taking the industry by complete surprise,
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schedule required by the DOE," states McGough.

Massive SMR funding now
TCS 3-12-13 ~Taxpayers for Common Sense, "Energy Department Announces Second Round of Small Modular Reactor Funding," http://www.taxpayer.net/library/article/energy-department-announces-second-round-of-small-modular-reactor-funding~~

The Department of Energy (DOE) announced yesterday a second funding opportunity for its
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taxpayers cannot afford to provide any additional subsidies to the nuclear power industry.

Global expansion of nuclear is inevitable- best new projections
McDonald and Rogner ’12 (-By Alan McDonald and Holger Rogner, Nuclear power experts, projects specialized on projecting growth patterns, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy 25 September 2012

In his address to the IAEA’s 56th General Conference, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano
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a potential decline of the share of nuclear power in Japan’s electricity mix.

HTGR funding has been eliminated – No reactor will be built
Linscott ’11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed, Energy Independence Jeopordized November 13, 2012 - Brad Linscott, forty years of engineering and managerial experience, author of fifteen technical reports on large wind turbines published by the DOE and NASA. As deputy branch chief at NASA, he directed engineering efforts during the design of the photovoltaic electric power system for the International Space Station. Brad holds a MS in mechanical engineering from Case Western Reserve University, a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University.

Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace
AND
favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington.

1AC- HTGR Leadership

HTGR leadership is key- China is winning the race now but more funding will ensure US leadership
Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On "Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing" July 20, 2012

Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently,
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more of their non-U.S. facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs.

More funding is vital to HTGR leadership- otherwise China will win the race
Yurman ’9 (February 27, 2009 NGNP gets 2009 funding Omnibus appropriation includes %24180M Dan Yurman Idaho Falls, ID, United States consultant to firms in the global nuclear energy industry in the area of social media and marketing communications. My blog is about nuclear energy and nonproliferation topics at Idaho Samizdat. It has over 200,000 readers a year from more than 70 countries and has been cited in the NYT, FT, and WSJ. My personal Twitter feed @djysrv as of July 2012 has 1,200 followers. Some blog posts are mirrored on Google Plus. Since 2007 I have been a reporter for Fuel Cycle Week, a nuclear industry trade newsletter. I write about global markets for nuclear energy, uranium mining and enrichment, and related business developments.

While this is all good news, it is still six months late, and
AND
design certification for a U.S. plant could be years away.

The HTGR race is key- the impact is unsafe Chinese nuclear exports, Chinese aggression, and heg decline
Cullinane ’11 (Staff at House Foreign Affairs Committee. Graduate student at the Institute of World Politics (Scott, America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy, 9/28/11)

Due to a confluence of events the United States has recently focused more attention on
AND
larger efforts on both sides of the Pacific to shape the 21st century.

Chinese aggression leads to nuclear war
Walton ’7 (C. Dale Walton, Lecturer in International Relations and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, 2007, Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the 21st Century, p. 49)

Obviously, it is of vital importance to the United States
AND
system that is not marked by close great power alliances.

Heg solves multiple nuclear wars
Khalilzad ’11 (ZALMAY KHALILZAD FEBRUARY 8, 2011 4:00 A.M. The Economy and National Security — Zalmay Khalilzad was the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush and the director of policy planning at the Defense Department from 1990 to 1992.

We face this domestic challenge while other major
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Still, the United States is the most significant barrier facing Chinese hegemony and aggression.

Unsafe Chinese nuclear exports lead to Asian nuclear competition and Pakistani arms build up
Sokolski ’8 (China and Nuclear Proliferation: Rethinking the Link By Henry Sokolski, Executive Director The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission "China’s Proliferation Practices, and the Development of its Cyber and Space Warfare Capabilities," May 20, 2008

On the other hand, Chinese front companies recently funneled North Korean-
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On the other hand, China has long had a special security relationship with Islamabad and Riyadh.

Asian nuclear competition leads to nuclear wars in Asia
Cimbala ’10 (Prof. of Political Science @ Penn State, (Stephen, Nuclear Weapons and Cooperative Security in the 21st Century, p. 117-8)

A five-sided nuclear competition in the Pacific
AND
offensive preparations for attack, thus triggering a mistaken preemption.

Pakistan build-up causes escalation and conflict
Auner ’11 (More Pakistani Nukes: Why Do We Worry? posted by Eric Auner on January 31, 2011 at 4:52 pm

Karen DeYoung reports on the expansion of the Pakistani nuclear weapons
AND
the United States to improve Pakistani nuclear security.

This will cause India Pakistan nuclear war- deterrence won’t check
Yusuf ’11 ~Moeed Yusuf is South Asia adviser at the U.S. Institute of Peace, where he manages the institute’s Pakistan program. Previously, he was a research fellow at the Mossavar-Rahmani Center at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government and a fellow at the Frederick S. Pardee Center at Boston University, "Banking on an Outsider: Implications for Escalation Control in South Asia", June 2011, Arms Control Association, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2011_06/Yusuf~~

India also has walked away from the last two crises with lessons on U.
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party has been inclined to expect the worst from the other.~22~

Best new studies prove Indo-pak war would cause extinction
Starr ’11 (Consequences of a Single Failure of Nuclear Deterrence by Steven Starr February 07, 2011 * Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation * Senior Scientist for PSR

Only a single failure of nuclear deterrence is required to
AND
explosive power contained in the currently operational and deployed U.S. and Russian nuclear forces.

1AC- Russia

US-Russian tensions are high now- only advanced nuclear power cooperation can resolve other tensions and resilient broader cooperation
Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, "Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin", World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin)

This weekend’s election in Russia has unsurprisingly returned Vladimir Putin to the country’s presidency.
AND
could lead to progress in the areas where the two sides’ interests overlap.

HTGR’s are key to Russian co-op- key to solve prolif, nuclear reductions, nuclear industry, and broader relations
Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES)

Joint Development Project with Russia: For the past several years, DOE’s
AND
serve to mutually benefit our industrial bases.

Nuclear cooperation creates resiliency and motivation to maintain relations
Einhorn et al ’8 (Robert, Rose Gottemoeller, Fred McGoldrick, Daniel Poneman, Jon Wolfsthal, "The U.S.-Russia Civil Nuclear Agreement A Framework for Cooperation", Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2008, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/080522-einhorn-u.s.-russia-web.pdf)

Russian officials and industry representatives also expect, rightly or wrongly,
AND
civil facilities and into new areas of work related to counterterrorism.

Russian relations are critical to prevent major power conflict in every global hotspot
Nixon Center ’3 ("Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT," SEPTEMBER 2K3 HTTP://WWW.NIXONCENTER.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM)

The proper starting point in thinking about American national interests and Russia—or any
AND
states’ behavior by effectively eliminating Moscow as a potential source of political support.

HTGR’s are key to solve terrorism and weapons reductions
Pomper ’7 (U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Arms Control Today » December 2007 » U.S., Russia Recast Plutonium-Disposition Pact Miles A. Pomper Mr. Pomper is a Senior Research Associate in the Washington D.C. office of CNS. His work focuses on nuclear energy, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear security, and nuclear arms control. Before joining CNS he served as Editor-in-Chief of Arms Control Today from 2003-2009. Previously, he was the lead foreign policy reporter for CQ Weekly and Legi-Slate News Service, where he covered the full range of national security issues before Congress, and a Foreign Service Officer with the U.S. Information Agency. His career has also included the publication of book chapters, analytical articles, and reports for publications, such as Foreign Service Journal, Survival, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, World Politics Review, Nuclear Engineering International, and the Centre for International Governance Innovation. He holds a master’s degree in international affairs from Columbia University and a master’s degree in journalism from Northwestern University.

The United States, on the other hand, has emphasized the arms control benefits
AND
reactors would run through about 1.5 tons of plutonium per year.

Nuclear coop is key to weapons reductions
Bunn ’7 (Arms Control Today » April 2007 » Troubled Disposition: Next Steps in Dealing With Excess Plutonium Troubled Disposition: Next Steps in Dealing With Excess Plutonium (April 2012) Matthew Bunn Matthew Bunn is a senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Previously, he served in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy where, among other responsibilities, he staffed the interagency working group on plutonium disposition. He was the study director for the two-volume National Academy of Sciences study Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium, published in 1994 and 1995.

The United States and Russia still possess massive stockpiles of plutonium and
AND
political support for measures to repair the global nonproliferation regime.

Though the Military doctrine of Russia and the US Nuclear Posture Review (both documents
AND
1000 deployed warheads but evidently this would require involvement of other nuclear states.

Russian nuclear coop is key to solve terror
Rousseau ’12 (Dr. Richard Rousseau is Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Khazar University in Baku, Azerbaijan and a contributor to Global Brief, World Affairs in the 21st Century and The Jamestown Foundation Russia’s Nuclear Industry is a Disaster Waiting to Happen By Diplomatic Courier | Thu, 14 June 2012 22:49 | 3 By. Dr. Richard Rousseau Source: Diplomatic Courier "Copyright 2006-2012 The Diplomatic Courier™. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission."

The accumulation of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel is proportional to the generation of
AND
nuclear bomb-making material on the Russian black market is extremely high.

Terrorism causes nuclear war
Hellman ’8 (Martin E. Hellman* * Martin E. Hellman is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and Professor Emeritus at Stanford University. His current project applies risk analysis to nuclear deterrence

Nuclear proliferation and the specter of nuclear terrorism are creating additional possibilities
AND
full-scale nuclear war by disguising their act to look like an attack by the U.S. or Russia.

Russia and the US have done much to raise awareness of the threat including
AND
can build the mutual trust that will lead to cooperation and agreement on other sensitive issues.

Perception of leadership against nuclear terrorism is key to the nuclear taboo- prevents nuclear war
Bin ’9 (5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li Bin is a leading Chinese expert on arms control and is currently the director of Arms Control Program at the Institute of International Studies, Tsinghua University. He received his Bachelor and Master Degrees in Physics from Peking University before joining China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) to pursue a doctorate in the technical aspects of arms control. He served as a part-time assistant on arms control for the Committee of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND).Upon graduation Dr. Li entered the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM) as a research fellow and joined the COSTIND technical group supporting Chinese negotiation team on Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). He attended the final round of CTBT negotiations as a technical advisor to the Chinese negotiating team. Nie Hongyi is an officer in the People’s Liberation Army with an MA from China’s National Defense University and a Ph.D. in International Studies from Tsinghua University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin. )

The nuclear taboo is a kind of international norm and this type of norm
AND
avoid miscalculation and thereby reduce the danger of a nuclear war.

1AC- Solvency

Only federal funding can solve effective HTGR deployment
Christopher ’6 (Full Committee Hearing-Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project SD-366 Energy Committee Hearing Room 02:30 PM Mr. Tom Christopher Areva, Inc. Statement of Thomas A. Christopher Chief Executive Officer AREVA, Inc. Before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources June 12, 2006 Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee, I am Tom Christopher, Chief Executive Officer of AREVA, Inc.

NGNP and Industry Involvement Nuclear programs such as NGNP require significant investment in research and
AND
would be pleased to answer any questions you may have at this time.

HTGR demonstration is key- the design works and is uniquely effective
Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES)

For the past several years, there has been a worldwide effort
AND
for deployment and the costs and risks are well understood.

Fed key – shows skin in the game and signals confidence
Gale et al. ’9 (FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL %26 STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason * Kelley Michael Gale is the Finance Department Chair of Latham %26 Watkins’ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm’s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups. He has thirty years of experience representing private and public sector clients in the development, regulation, and financing of alternative energy projects and capital intensive infrastructure projects. The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham %26 Watkins LLP. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of Latham %26 Watkins LLP or its clients. 498 ENERGY LAW JOURNAL ~Vol. 30:497 2009

Similar to this political risk, investors in new domestic nuclear reactors will likely face
AND
it can be adapted to best encourage private sector financing for nuclear energy.

Only federal action solves
Kirsch 9 (Steve Kirsch, Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, American serial entrepreneur who has started six companies: Mouse Systems, Frame Technology, Infoseek, Propel, Abaca, and OneID, 11-25-9)

Today, the DOE wants to do more research and they haven’t even committed
AND
If Congress requests nothing, then that’s what we will get: nothing.

Only federal funding solve for international leadership and cooperation
Spurgeon ’6 (Dennis Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, December 6, 2006, "The U.S. GNEP Approach", )

The GNEP vision has been well received by the international nuclear community, particularly among
AND
D and incentives to ensure that the long-term goals are sustainable.

HTGR’s are completely meltdown safe
Haynes ’6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198)

One primary type of HTGR is the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor or GT–MHR.
AND
Hence, they can likely be deployed in arid areas of the world that are in need of nuclear energy.

HTGR’s are uniquely cost competitive- studies prove
INL ’11 (Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Evaluation of Siting an HTGR Co-Generation Plant on an Operating Commercial Nuclear Power Plant Site October 2011 Idaho National Laboratory Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 This report was prepared by Idaho National Laboratory as part of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project with the cooperation of Entergy Louisiana, LLC, the owner of the Waterford site, and significant support from Entergy Nuclear, Inc., which suggested use of the Waterford site for this evaluation and supported its completion by directing INL personnel to required information, answering questions on specific characteristics of the site and reviewing drafts of this report. INL wants to thank Entergy Louisiana, LLC for making the Waterford site available for this evaluation and Entergy Nuclear, Inc. for the support in completing it. Idaho National Laboratory also wants to thank The Dow Chemical Company for their support of this evaluation.

It should also be noted that the HTGR technology can be applied in an electricity
AND
projected prices of electricity and steam generated using natural gas combined cycle plants.

AT: Russia China
Won’t spill over to TNWS
Sokov ’2 (Dr. Nikolai SOKOV, Senior Research Associate CNS NIS Nonprolif Program, 02 ~May, pg. online, http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_10b.html-http://www.nti.org/e_research/e3_10b.html~~

In Russia, regardless of progress on the START front,
AND
Regrettably, but understandably, in Russia nuclear weapons in general and TNWs in particular enjoy a renaissance.

China won’t invade the Russian Far East.
Harding, ’9 ~Luke, Writer for the Observer, "Russia fears embrace of giant eastern neighbour," 8/2, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/aug/02/china-russia-relationship-http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/aug/02/china-russia-relationship~~

Most experts believe China’s own strategic goals do not include Russia’s far east, or
AND
to invade Russia militarily because, he points out, they would lose.

Shared interests solve
Weitz ’11 (Richard, Director, Center for Political-Military Analysis Senior Fellow Hudson Institute, PhD in pol sci from Harvard, China-Russia relations and the United States: At a turning point?, http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html-http://en.rian.ru/valdai_op/20110414/163523421.html, 2011)

Since the end of the Cold War, the improved political and economic relationship between
AND
their lengthy shared frontier through a series of arms control and disarmament measures.

India

Export market’s already hugely competitive
Jeffrey Hays 12, founder of Facts %26 Details, freelance journalist and teacher in Japan, "nuclear business and reactor production in japan", April, http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=2307%26catid=23%26subcatid=152-http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=2307%26catid=23%26subcatid=152

The New York Times reported: Makers of nuclear reactors from other countries,
AND
It succeeded in winning a contract from the United Arab Emirates. In Finland, South Korea is competing with Japan to win orders.

Over nuclear expansion inev
Westenhaus 9/30/12
Brian, editor of the popular energy technology site New Energy and Fuel, "Confidence in Nuclear Power is on the Rise Again," http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Confidence-in-Nuclear-Power-is-on-the-Rise-Again.html-http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Confidence-in-Nuclear-Power-is-on-the-Rise-Again.html, AM

The U.S. is not alone. New nuclear plants are coming in Asia and even in Europe.
AND
These kinds of numbers wake up the uranium commodities speculators – even while the market is in the doldrums.

India nuclear industry collapsing
MV Ramana, Daily Mercury, 10/16/12, India’s nuclear power failures warn against uranium exports, www.dailymercury.com.au/news/indias-nuclear-power-failures-warn-against-uranium/1584030/

First, despite all the hoopla about India’s nuclear ambitions, nuclear energy is unlikely
AND
Relying on a technology shown to be unreliable makes it likely that nuclear power will never become a major source of electricity in India.

Regulatory barriers block India exports
IDSA, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, Nov 2010, IDSA Task Force Report: Development of Nuclear Energy Sector in India, http://bit.ly/RpF1TY

The existing 1962 enactment, as it should be, is state-centric though
AND
legal issues that need consideration. The next section will deal with that.

Security K- 2AC

No impact – threat construction isn’t sufficient to cause wars
Kaufman ’9 (Prof Poli Sci and IR – U Delaware, ’9 (Stuart J, "Narratives and Symbols in Violent Mobilization: The Palestinian-Israeli Case," Security Studies 18:3, 400 – 434)

Even when hostile narratives, group fears, and opportunity are strongly present,
AND
War is likely only if hostile narratives, fears, and opportunity spur hostile attitudes, chauvinist mobilization, and a security dilemma.

Maximizing life is key- all lives have value
Schwartz ’2 (L Schwartz, medical ethicist, 2002, Medical ethics: a case based approach, www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf-http://www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf

Supporters of the sanctity of life ethic dismiss considerations about quality and quantity because,
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However, it will be necessary to justify any violation of this right.

Securitization is crucial to politicization and breaks down antagonism- their theory is wrong and their alt is worse
Trombetta ’8 (Maria Julia Trombetta, (Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures) 3/19/08 http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf

On the one hand, an approach that considers the discursive formation of security issues
AND
School and is the strongest opponent of any attempt to securitize the environment.

Alternative fails—and causes violence
Tara McCormack, ’10, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 137-138)

In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic implications of
AND
Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time.

2AC- Immigration

Immigration won’t pass AND gun and budget fights thump
Altman ’3-20-13 (Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform By Alex Altman, March 20, 2013, Time Magazine, Follow @TIMEPolitics, Read more: http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/~~%23ixzz2OZC8dLtn

The next few months offer the best chance in a generation for the two
AND
Each day, 1,400 undocumented immigrants are deported.

PC not key, winners win
Hirsch ’2-7-13 ("There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital
of the war on terror, which also won a National Magazine Award.

As a result, momentum has appeared to build around some kind of a plan
AND
change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect."

No controversy spillover
LeLoup and Shull ’99 ~Lance, Steven, Political Scientists, "The President and the Congress," p. 8~

Certainly there are trends and general swings in the relationship.
AND
of the presidency and Congress and how it affects policy-making.

Nuclear funding has unanimous support
Press Action ’12 (3/12/12 ("US Nuclear Industry Operates as if Fukushima Never Happened") http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/-http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/nuclearsubsidies03122012/

Both Democrats and Republicans have had a long love affair with commercial nuclear power, and the relationship is showing no signs of losing steam.
AND
sensationalize a slight difference to create an impression that the U.S. political system permits honest and real debate.

Congress loves funding HTGR’s
Yurman ’9 (Dan Yurman publishes a blog on nuclear energy titled ’Idaho Samizdat’ http://djysrv.blogspot.com. It covers the nuclear energy industry globally including new reactor investments, economics, politics, and technologies. He is a frequent contributor to the ANS Nuclear Cafe http://ansnuclearcafe.org and to Fuel Cycle Week http://fuelcycleweek.com Simpson reports substantial increases in nuclear R%26D funding and for cleanup Idaho congressional delegation on a nuclear roll Like it? Posted June 27, 2009 Simpson, Crapo, Risch in record level of pro-nuclear activates; even the state’s lone Democrat is on board Simpson reports substantial increases in nuclear R%26D funding and for cleanup

Idaho Congressman Mike Simpson, (right) a member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee
AND
on the Energy and Natural Resources Committee and on the Foreign Relations Committee.

Renewable announmcenet thumps the link
BusinessGreen 3-15-13 ~"Obama administration green lights 1.1GW of new renewables projects," http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2254926/obama-administration-green-lights-11gw-of-new-renewables-projects~~

The US Department of Interior (DOI) this week granted approval to three of the
AND
paving the way for responsible development of utility-scale renewable energy projects in the right way and in the right places."

Obama won’t push the plan- empirics prove
Pasternak ’10 (Nuclear energy lobby working hard to win support BY JUDY PASTERNAK Sunday, January 24th, 2010 ShareThis This story is being co-published with McClatchy Newspapers .

There’s no telling whether the industry’s expensive effort will succeed.
AND
appropriations subcommittee in June. He’d be back to ask for more, he added.

Soft power has no impact, and alt causes overwhelm
Afrasiabi, 7 (PhD and author on Iran (Kaveh, Asia Times, "The illusion of American ’smart power’" http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/IK13Ak02.html)

Over the years, Nye has been anything but shy about claiming credit for his
AND
vicious policy circle, bound to reintroduce failed US policies under new guises.

No aging crisis impact
Hamilton, 1 – Institute director, citing Dr. Kinnear
~Dr. Clive, "Ageing Crisis A Myth," 12-16-1, accessed 2-10-13, mss~

The paper shows that the expected costs of retirement incomes and health for the
AND
factors other than ageing such as the growth of medical technology, rising consumer demand and escalating prices.

Electricity Prices DA- 2AC

Prices high now and other alt causes are bigger
Bastasch ’12 (Report: More than 200 coal-fired generators slated for shutdown Published: 11:29 PM 09/21/2012 By Michael Bastasch, daily caller staff writer, political analyst,

Within the next three to five years, more than 200 coal-fired electric generating
AND
mayor of Red Springs, N.C., in an ACCCE video — one of the heavily affected states.

EPA thumps
Hansen, 13 ~Keith, "Silence of the trains: EPA to shutter 200 coal-fired power plants," Brainer Dispatch, brainerddispatch.com/opinion/2013-01-30/silence-trains-epa-shutter-200-coal-fired-power-plants, accessed 3-29-13, mss~

Silence of the trains: EPA to shutter 200 coal-fired power plants A
AND
said Mike Duncan, president and CEO of ACCCE, in a statement.

Intermittency and land ensure only nuclear can solve stable electricity
Loudermilk ’11 (Micah J. Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 5/31/11, Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs, www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375

When discussing the energy security contributions offered by small nuclear reactors, it is not
AND
in fact prove instrumental to enabling the smart grid to become a reality.

Nuclear solves every major internal link to econ
Zawatsky ’8 (Jay Zawatsky, The National Interest, 04.09.2008, "Inside Track: Going Nuclear on Energy")

The mainstream media and petty politicians would have Americans believe that we are faced with
AND
interest rates and energy security, would move higher in a sustainable way.

Alt cause- sequester; consumer spending
AP 3/26 (Americans Lose Confidence in Economic Recovery, Shop Less http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/united-states/americans-lose-confidence-in-economic-recovery-shop-less-369131.html)
Americans are less confident in the economy than they were last month as massive
AND
(gasoline) prices are not very favorable for elevated levels of discretionary spending," Christopher wrote in a research note.

Econ resilient, US isn’t key, and impact empirically denied
Lamy ’11(Pascal Lamy is the Director-General of the World Trade Organization. Lamy is Honorary President of Paris-based think tank Notre Europe. Lamy graduated from the prestigious Sciences Po Paris, from HEC and ÉNA, graduating second in his year of those specializing in economics. "System Upgrade" BY PASCAL LAMY | APRIL 18, 2011)

The bigger test came with the 2008-2009 Great Recession, the first truly
AND
enabling these countries to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.

Impact empirically denied- zero risk
Barnett ’9 (Thomas P.M. Barnett, senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC, "The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis," 8/25/2009)

When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze
AND
great resilience of America’s post-World War II international liberal trade order.

1AR

Their ev is too old- China is doing HTGR’s
3-21-13 (Chinese HTGR fuel plant under construction 21 March 2013

Construction has started on a pilot production line for fuel elements for the Shidaowan
AND
will have a 32.5% stake and Tsinghua University’s INET 20% – it being the main R%26D contributor.

Econ is resilient- even to energy shocks
Eberly ’13 (Jan Eberly, Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy for the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, "Statement by Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy Jan Eberly for the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association", February 4, 2013)

WASHINGTON - Economic recovery in the U.S. continued at a moderate pace
AND
labor markets, and are evidence of a moderate and steady forward movement.

Resiliency – FDIC and treasury
Amadeo ’13 (February 12, 2013 U.S. Economy Collapse By Kimberly Amadeo, About.com Guide, http://useconomy.about.com/od/criticalssues/p/US-Economy-Collapse.htm

The U.S. economy is so large and resilient, it is highly
AND
In other words, most Federal government programs are designed to prevent just such an economic collapse.

No diversionary theory or increased probability of war
Jervis ’11 (Robert Jervis 11, Professor in the Department of Political Science and School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, December 2011, "Force in Our Times," Survival, Vol. 25, No. 4, p. 403-425

Even if war is still seen as evil, the security community could be dissolved if severe
AND
suggesting that force of arms is the solution shows that even if bad times bring about greater economic conflict, it will not make war thinkable.

econ not key to heg
Brooks and Wohlforth, 8
~Stephen G. Brooks is Assistant Professor and William C. Wohlforth is Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College, "World out of Balance, International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy," p. 32-35~

American primacy is also rooted in the county’s position as the world’s leading technological power.
AND
changes fundamentally. The next section explains why.

No cyber terror- capability or motivation, and no impact
Knake, 10 – fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations ~2/16, Robert, "Cyberterrorism Hype v. Fact", http://www.cfr.org/terrorism-and-technology/cyberterrorism-hype-v-fact/p21434-http://www.cfr.org/terrorism-and-technology/cyberterrorism-hype-v-fact/p21434, AL~

Director of National Intelligence Dennis Blair caught the media’s attention recently with two major headlines
AND
cost and other barriers to developing an advanced cyberoffensive are declining each year.

Guest worker fight derails reform AND Obama PC won’t solve
Nakamura 3-28. ~David, Washington Post reporter, "Guest-worker dispute may delay immigration bill" Arizona Central — www.azcentral.com/news/politics/free/20130328immigration-reform-guest-worker-program-dispute-may-delay-bill.html~

A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening dispute
AND
The omission was notable considering the bipartisan Senate group had included the idea in its own principles that same week.

Dems derail immigration- electoral concerns key
Kromm, 3-3 — Institute for Southern Studies executive director ~Chris, "What is South’s role? Southern Democrats may derail immigration reform," 3-3-13, annistonstar.com/view/full_story/21855651/article-What-is-South’s-role—Southern-Democrats-may-derail-immigration-reform?, accessed 3-28-13, mss~

What is South’s role? Southern Democrats may derail immigration reform
AND
as well as an open seat vacated by retiring Sen. Jay Rockefeller of West Virginia.

Electoral considerations outweigh political capital
Yglesias ’9 (Matt Yglesias, Fellow at the Center for American Progress Action Fund, 6-15-09, http://yglesias.thinkprogress.org/archives/2009/06/the-limits-of-political-capital.php

I think the answer to the puzzle is simply that "political capital" is
AND
(D-MN) is going to lose his seat over badly watering

Nuclear is uniquely bipartisan- generic energy arguments don’t apply
Whitman ’12 (8/13/12 (Christine, CASEnergy Co-Chair, Former EPA Administrator and New Jersey Governor, "Nuclear Power Garners Bipartisan Support")

It’s clear from the debate around the merits and drawbacks of various electricity and fuel
AND
That’s a powerful economic engine and a positive impact that leaders are embracing.

03/29/2013

NDT - 1AC - Warming

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Towson JR | Judge:
The Plan:

The United States federal government should substantially increase its high-temperature gas-cooled reactor energy production funding in the United States.
1AC- Inherency

The HTGR program at the INL has been eliminated – No reactor will be built
Linscott ‘11-13-12 (Economical Production of Hydrogen is Gassed,
AND
, a BSME from Trine University and a BA from Baldwin Wallace University.

Hydrogen is the logical, clean burning, fuel that will be used to replace
AND
favor of supporting the NGNP project, please contact your representatives in Washington.

1AC- Emissions

The study is called the Berkeley Earth Project (BEP), and what they found
AND
warming trends show up even if an individual result may be low quality.

Prefer these peer-reviewed expert studies- key in the context of warming
Stephens ’11 (Home » Vol 21 No 22 Bad week for Pell and
AND
authored with Donald R Rothwell, is The International Law of the Sea.

The last couple of weeks have not been a good time to be a climate
AND
the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be.

Nuclear is key to avoids coal emissions which will kill millions and ensure extinction from warming
Ropeik ’12 (The Historic Roots, and Impacts, of Our Nuclear Fear David Ropeik is an instructor at Harvard, a consultant in risk perception, and author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. June 25, 2012 | David Ropeik Originally published at Risk: Reason and Reality at Big Think.

The Cuban missile crisis took place less than a month later, terrifying us,
AND
impedes development of nuclear power as one way to deal with climate change.

Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One
AND
points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent.

Developed nations produce the most climate change, yet developing countries are hit the worst by its effects
Carrington 11 – Head of the environment at The Guardian (Damian, “Map reveals stark divide in who caused climate change and who's being hit”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/damian-carrington-blog/2011/oct/26/climate-change-developing-country-impacts-risk?CMP=twt_gu, October 26th, 2011, KTOP)

When the world's nations convene in Durban in November in the latest attempt to inch
AND
storm events may well increase as climate changes takes hold," says Beldon.

Global warming fuels societal exclusion and prevents broader social awareness
Klare 6 Michael.professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College, 2006 March 10. http://www.alternet.org/environment/33243

"Violence and disruption stemming from the stresses created by abrupt changes in the climate
AND
producing endless struggles between resource "haves" and "have-nots."

I suspect that Nate’s failing here arises from a sort of cultural bias. There
AND
also published at Huffington Post and was reprinted with permission from the author.

Acting to mitigate warming is vital to reduce the risk of the worst impacts- using risk management is critical
Roberts ’12 (What would it mean to treat climate change like a security threat? By David Roberts, Noted energy and climate expert, 15 Oct 2012 1:26 PM

Climate change is a serious security risk to the United States — the Department of
AND
allow us to clarify where, and over what, we genuinely differ.

This is Why Reducing Emissions is Critical We’re not yet committed to surpassing 2°
AND
adapt to the climate change consequences we have discussed here (Figure 4).

Warming risks extinction
Deibel ‘7 (Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2”)

Finally, there is one major existential threat to American security (as well as
AND
States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.

1AC- Solvency

More federal funding for HTGR’s is required to reduce the risk of warming
Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012

Opportunity for U.S. Leadership in HTGR Technology Deployment Currently, Japan,
AND
facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs.

Climate change means we must advocate nuclear power- this advocacy for nuclear a vital response to the risk of mass suffering, death, and extinction from warming
Baker 12 (Executive Director of PopAtomic Studios, the Nuclear Literacy Project (7/25/12, Suzy, Climate Change and Nuclear Energy: We Need to Talk, ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/07/25/climate-change-and-nuclear-energy-we-need-to-talk/)

Ocean Acidification While I was making artistic monuments to single celled organisms in the ceramics
AND
stronger with the no-longer-silent climate change harbingers in it.

Discussing the risk of catastrophic warming is crucial—it’s the only way to motivate response
Romm ‘12 (Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, which New York Times columnist Tom Friedman called "the indispensable blog" and Time magazine named one of the 25 “Best Blogs of 2010.″ In 2009, Rolling Stone put Romm #88 on its list of 100 “people who are reinventing America.” Time named him a “Hero of the Environment″ and “The Web’s most influential climate-change blogger.” Romm was acting assistant secretary of energy for energy efficiency and renewable energy in 1997, where he oversaw $1 billion in RandD, demonstration, and deployment of low-carbon technology. He is a Senior Fellow at American Progress and holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT., 2/26/2012, “Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of ‘Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages’ on Climate”, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/#more-432546)

The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of doomsday
AND
by most of the rest of the media, intelligentsia and popular culture.

Nuclear technocracy’s key –using the state is key and empirically effective
Nordhaus 11 (chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta)

Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology,
AND
simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature.

Debate over technical energy policy improves decision-making and advocacy
Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)

What is the role of the citizen in the modern technological state? As political
AND
vision of "technological democracy"-is an important outcome of grassroots action.

Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change
Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf

This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political
AND
(DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security.

Only US nuclear solves warming – the best empirical evidence proves
Menyah 10 (Kojo, Yemane Wolde-Rufael, Professor of Economics at London Metropolitan Business School, London Metropolitan, CO2 emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in the US, January / February 2010, Accessed Online @ Elseiver, Energy Policy 38 (2010) 2911–2915)

Abstract This study explores the causal relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions,
AND
the rest of the world to follow (Adamantiades and Kessides, 2009).

03/29/2013

NDT - 2AC/1AR A2: Towson JR

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Towson JR | Judge:
Debate over technical energy policy improves decision-making and advocacy
Hager ’92 (professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ‘92 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)

What is the role of the citizen in the modern technological state? As political
AND
vision of "technological democracy"-is an important outcome of grassroots action.

Discussion of energy policymaking is required to pressure and alter decisions of policymakers
Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf

This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political
AND
(DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security.

Economic solutions are the only way to prevent extinction from warming- incentives and markets can be effective
Wagner ‘11 Gernot, “But Will the Planet Notice? How Smart Economics Can Save the World.” Hill and Wang Press, p. 11-12

The fundamental forces guiding the behavior of billions are much larger than any one of
AND
than continue on the present path right off the edge of a cliff.

The origin of language matters- using the language of the oppressor makes liberation impossible
Cutter, 96 – University of Connecticut Institute for African American Studies director, English professor and editor of MELUS - Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
Martha, "Dismantling "The Master's House": Critical Literacy in Harriet Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl," Callaloo, 19.1, 1996, muse.jhu.edu/journals/callaloo/summary/v019/19.1cutter.html, accessed 2-11-13, mss

In 1861, Harriet Jacobs published Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,
AND
nature of "the master's tools" and strives to move beyond them.

Their overreliance on the style of signifying White notions of debate is doomed to failure because it allows white folks off the hook when it comes to questioning their complicity in stifling black voice. Unmasking their advocacy is the only way to achieve success.
-
Watts 2001 – Associate Professor of Media Studies at UNC Chapel Hill, PhD in rhetorical studies from Northwestern (Eric King, “Voice” and “voicelessness” in rhetorical studies, Quarterly Journal of Speech Volume 87, Issue 2, 2001 p. 189-191)

The Acknowledgment of “Voice” “My Country” sounds a painful and joyful
AND
the ethics and emotions of African American speech, “voice” occurs.

Their argument assumes we share their cultural history – if we attempted to use the black vernacular it would come across as disingenuous – this is a unique net benefit to the perm
Brown 2002 – PhD @ UMich, Professor of Political Science and African Studies at Loyola Marymount (Antonio, “Performing "truth": Black speech acts,” African American Review36. 2 (Summer 2002): 213-225.)

I posit that the form of "truth" asserted by the invocation of Black
AND
form communities, and such forms and formations are honored as cultural identifiers.

Talking about the state does not mean we grant it legitimacy. Justifying proposals need specific solvency that works within the system ---- proves the alt lacks solvency
Frost 96 Mervyn FROST, Professor, University of Kent Ethics In International Relations A Constitutive Theory, pp. 90-91

A first objection which seems inherent in Donelan's approach is that utilizing the modern state
AND
such as citizenship, rights under law, representative government and so on.

Legacy of racism doesn’t preclude combating current oppression – working within the system can succeed
Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity

One such pitfall deserves further comment. Many conceptions of black identity include, if
AND
a collective ethnocultural identity that collapses these distinctions or misconstrues their current significance.

Signifying collapses into nihilism – makes it impossible to solve historical forms of oppression. This directly answers their Lion Monkey analogy the potter ev is based upon
Joyce 2008 – professor in the Department of English at Temple University, where, from 1997 to 2001, she was Chairperson of the Black Studies Department (Joyce Ann, “A Tinker's Damn
Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and The Signifying Monkey Twenty Years Later,” Callaloo Volume 31, Number 2)

Deconstruction allows, even demands, that its practitioners avoid exploring "the reason for
AND
to recognize if all we are prepared to see are linguistic games.

Black critics must be responsible for producing political change – the alternative exacerbates the oppression of the status quo
Joyce 1987 – professor in the Department of English at Temple University, where, from 1997 to 2001, she was Chairperson of the Black Studies Department ("Who the Cap Fit": Unconsciousness and Unconscionableness in the Criticism of Houston A. Baker, Jr., and Henry Louis Gates, Jr.,” New Literary History, Vol. 18, No. 2, Literacy, Popular Culture, and the Writing of History (Winter, 1987), pp. 371-384)

Certainly, W. E. B. Du Bois was aware of this fact
AND
of superfluous allusions and Gates's glorification of nothingness in "The Signifying Monkey."

apocalypticism is vital- only way to create activism
Veldman 12 – Ph.D. candidate in religion at the University of Florida
(Robin Globus, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists”, Ethics and the Environment, Volume 17, Number 1, Spring 2012, pp. 1-23, dml)

As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that apocalyptic rhetoric induces feelings
AND
practice some form of activism, rather than giving way to fatalistic resignation.

Warming crisis rhetoric is a unique reason to vote aff- vital to motivate people to action against warming
Schatz 12 (JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-‐Of-‐ The-‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012))

It is no longer a question that human interaction with the world is destroying the
AND
either ecological metaphors or environmental reality we only get part of the picture.`

Precautionary politics are good and solve the logic of security and emergency interventions
Trombetta ‘8 (Maria Julia Trombetta, (Delft University of Technology, postdoctoral researcher at the department of Economics of Infrastructures) 3/19/08 http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Trombetta-the_securitization_of_the_environment_and_the_transformation_of_security.pdf

The more we attempt to ‘colonize’ the future with the aid of the
AND
that has become a relevant norm within environmental politics.2323

especially true in the context of climate
Trombetta ‘8 (Maria Julia, Professor of Economics of Infrastructures of Delft University of Technology, “The meaning and function of climate security” http://tudelft.academia.edu/MariaJuliaTrombetta/Papers/899481/The_meaning_and_function_of_climate_security)

Constructivists and poststructuralists have challenged the narrow realist perspective suggesting that threats are socially constructed
AND
how the “climate security discourse” has evolved and transformed security practices.

Their use of the black arts movement is inherently violent – the black/non black binary reinforces difference and incentivizes white audiences to adopt reactionary measures – simply recognizing fundamental difference solves
Watts 2004 – Associate Professor of Media Studies at UNC Chapel Hill, PhD in rhetorical studies from Northwestern (Eric King, “The Ethos of a Black Aesthetic: An Exploration of Larry Neal's Visions of a Liberated Future,” The Ethos of Rhetoric ed. Michael Hyde, p. 101-103)

In terms of exploring how the black aesthetic functioned as a mode of interpretive understanding
AND
invents a discourse that points the way out of the paradox of purity.

03/29/2013

NDT - Case - 2AC/1AR A2: Towson JR

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Towson JR | Judge:
-- Their link arguments are ontologically flawed – they homogenize and over-simplify technology.
Tomasi 7 (Alessandro, Instructor in Philosophy at the University of Rhode Island, Human Studies, 30, “Technology and Intimacy in the Philosophy of Georges Bataille,” p. 414-415)

The theory that technology is essentially instrumental is a typical example of a fix whose
AND
it to go into the open, such as when it stops functioning).

The Aff’s a prerequisite to the Alt – only innovative responses to tech-induced environmental destruction enable reconceptualization of technology as more than an instrument. The Alt’s passive refusal leaves prevailing worldviews intact.
Feenberg 7 (Andrew, Canada Research Chair in the Philosophy of Technology in the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University, Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, Volume 42, “Between Reason and Experience,” p. 24-27, http://www.sfu.ca/~andrewf/books/Between_Reason_and_Experience_DYP42.pdf)

the process of developing these technologies environmental, medical and other concerns are brought to
AND
through nature and causality through freedom” (Marcuse, 1969: 31).

Legacy of structural violence doesn’t preclude combating current oppression – working within the system can succeed
Shelby 7 – Tommie Shelby, Professor of African and African American Studies and of Philosophy at Harvard, 2007, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity

Valuing nature as standing reserve is essential to the survival of all species
Younkins 4 (Professor of Business Administration, Wheeling Jesuit (Edward, The Flawed Doctrine of Nature's Intrinsic Value, Quebecois Libre 147, http://www.quebecoislibre.org/04/041015-17.htm, gender modified)

Environmentalists erroneously assign human values and concern to an amoral material sphere. When environmentalists
AND
negation of human values and betrays an underlying nihilism of the environmental movement.

03/30/2013

NDT Rd 6 HTGRS 1AC

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
*1AC
1AC- Emissions

The best new studies prove warming is occurring
Plait ’11 (New independent climate study confirms global warming is real http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/21/new-independent-climate-study-confirms-global-warming-is-real/ October 21st, 2011 Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science.

The study is called the Berkeley Earth Project (BEP), and what they found
AND
warming trends show up even if an individual result may be low quality.

The last couple of weeks have not been a good time to be a climate
AND
the scientific method allowed to continue, however unpalatable the conclusions may be.

Nuclear is key to avoids coal emissions which will kill millions and ensure mass death from warming
Ropeik ’12 (The Historic Roots, and Impacts, of Our Nuclear Fear David Ropeik is an instructor at Harvard, a consultant in risk perception, and author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. June 25, 2012 | David Ropeik Originally published at Risk: Reason and Reality at Big Think.

The Cuban missile crisis took place less than a month later, terrifying us,
AND
impedes development of nuclear power as one way to deal with climate change.

Non-biased experts agree- nuclear advocacy is critical to reduce the risk of warming
Kloor, 1-15 (NYU professor, former fellow at the University of Colorado’s Center for Environmental Journalism Keith, "The Pro-Nukes Environmental Movement," Mother Jones, 1-15-13, www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/pro-nuclear-power-environmental-movement

James Hansen, NASA's top climate scientist, is one of the most impassioned and
AND
of global warming and energy, not a fantasy version of the problem.

Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One
AND
points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent.

When the world's nations convene in Durban in November in the latest attempt to inch
AND
storm events may well increase as climate changes takes hold," says Beldon.

"Violence and disruption stemming from the stresses created by abrupt changes in the climate
AND
producing endless struggles between resource "haves" and "have-nots."

Climate change is a serious security risk to the United States — the Department of
AND
allow us to clarify where, and over what, we genuinely differ.

Every bit of reduced emissions is good- lowers the damage and risk of catastrophic consequences
Nuccitelli ’12 (9-1 Dana Nuccitelli is an environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. This piece was originally published at Skeptical Science and was reprinted with permission. “Realistically What Might The Future Climate Look Like?” ThinkProgress http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/09/01/784931/realistically-what-might-the-future-climate-look-like/

This is Why Reducing Emissions is Critical We’re not yet committed to surpassing 2°
AND
adapt to the climate change consequences we have discussed here (Figure 4).

1AC- Solvency

HTGR’s are key to reduce the risk of warming
Haynes ’12 (Mark Haynes President, Concordia Power On Behalf Of The NGNP Industry Alliance Testimony On “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” July 20, 2012

4. Minimizes Carbon Emissions – Environmental factors range from incremental advantages associated with fuel
AND
facilities first. Either way, this export pathway seems unique to HTGRs.

Ocean Acidification While I was making artistic monuments to single celled organisms in the ceramics
AND
stronger with the no-longer-silent climate change harbingers in it.

The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of doomsday
AND
by most of the rest of the media, intelligentsia and popular culture.

Nuclear technocracy’s key
Nordhaus 11 (chairman – Breakthrough Instiute, and Shellenberger, president – Breakthrough Insitute, MA cultural anthropology – University of California, Santa Cruz, 2/25/‘11 (Ted and Michael, http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/the_long_death_of_environmenta)

Tenth, we are going to have to get over our suspicion of technology,
AND
simpler, more bucolic past in which humans lived in harmony with Nature.

HTGR’s burn waste
Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198)

4. Nuclear Waste Management: The proper and secure management of spent nuclear fuel
AND
provide another waste management option in addition to the proposed Advanced Burner Reactor.

HTGR’s critical to safer operation
Moore ’11 (The HTGR is a game changer Posted on August 1, 2011 by dyurman| 4 Comments By Fred Moore Fred Moore is the executive director of NGNP Industry Alliance, Ltd. He is also the global director of manufacturing and technology for the energy business of The Dow Chemical Company, where he is responsible for the safe and reliable production of power, steam, and other utilities for Dow globally.

In spite of Japan’s Fukushima nuclear crisis and negative reverberations around the world, there
AND
can work in concert across the pond to bring this technology to commercialization.

HTGR’s reduce the risk of meltdowns
Haynes ‘6 (Mark Haynes, Vice President of Energy Development for General Atomics, JULY 20, 2006 U.S. NONPROLIFERATION STRATEGY: POLICIES AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION, Serial No. 109–198)

One primary type of HTGR is the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor or GT–
AND
in arid areas of the world that are in need of nuclear energy.

HTGRs are uniquely cost competitive and able to be scaled up- only way to reduce the risk of warming globally
Miller 8 (Jana, Nuclear Power International http://pepei.pennnet.com/display_article/332484/140/ARTCL/none/none/1/Powering-Up-a-Growing-Nation/ Powering Up a Growing Nation/ June 2008)

According to Wu, the HTR-10’s design is tailor-made for the
AND
commercially meeting the future environmentally friendly needs of global power generation,” Wu said

New tech is key to reduce the risk of warming globally- out competes fossil fuels
Benedict ’12 (Buying climate stability BY KENNETTE BENEDICT | 20 SEPTEMBER 2012 Kennette Benedict
AND
served in the Massachusetts State Planning agency on law enforcement and criminal justice.

Yet, once the cycle of investment in new energy technologies on a trillion-
AND
path. This would be a win-win-win for everyone.

Relying on individual-level strategies fails in the context of warming
Monbiot ‘4 (George Monbiot, journalist, academic, and political and environmental activist, 2004, Manifesto for a New World Order, p. 11-13

The quest for global solutions is difficult and divisive. Some members of this movement
AND
to prevent climate change from destroying the conditions it requires for its survival.

What is the role of the citizen in the modern technological state? As political
AND
vision of "technological democracy"-is an important outcome of grassroots action.

Our technical discussion of HTGRs is key to take it to the next level
Herbeck and Isham 10
http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/775
Jon Isham
Associate Professor of Economics, Middlebury College
In the fall of 1999, Jon joined the department of economics and the
AND

and the effect of local social capital on environmental outcomes in Vermont. Herbeck, member of the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources and the Honors College.

Getting to 350 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere will require massive investments
AND
, including those on pressing issues related to climate change and clean energy.

Debates about climate forecasting are critical to generate action to solve
Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf)

Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience
AND
engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making.

This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political
AND
(DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security.

03/30/2013

NDT Rd 6 Whiteness K 2AC

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
*2AC

Warming Reps Good-
Apocalyptic rhetoric is vital- only way to create activism
Veldman 12 – Ph.D. candidate in religion at the University of Florida
(Robin Globus, “Narrating the Environmental Apocalypse: How Imagining the End Facilitates Moral Reasoning Among Environmental Activists”, Ethics and the Environment, Volume 17, Number 1, Spring 2012, pp. 1-23, dml)

As we saw in the introduction, critics often argue that apocalyptic rhetoric induces feelings
AND
practice some form of activism, rather than giving way to fatalistic resignation.

It is no longer a question that human interaction with the world is destroying the
AND
either ecological metaphors or environmental reality we only get part of the picture.`

Accessibility

Our technical discussion of HTGRs is key to take it to the next level- accessible in numerous communities- empirically effective
Herbeck and Isham 10 http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/775 Jon Isham Associate Professor of Economics, Middlebury College In the fall of 1999, Jon joined the department of economics and the program in environmental studies at Middlebury College. Jon teaches classes in environmental economics, environmental policy, introductory microeconomics, social capital in Vermont, and global climate change. Jon is co-editing a new book, Ignition: The Birth of the Climate Movement; has co-edited Social Capital, Development, and the Environment (Edward Elgar Publications); has published articles (several forthcoming) in Economic Development and Cultural Change, The Journal of African Economies, The Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Rural Sociology, Society and Natural Resources, The Southern Economic Journal, The Vermont Law Review, and the World Bank Economic Review; and has published book chapters in volumes from Ashgate Press, The New England University Press, Oxford University Press, and Cambridge University Press. His current research focuses on building the new climate movement; the demand for water among poor households in Cambodia; information asymmetries in low-income lending; and the effect of local social capital on environmental outcomes in Vermont.
Herbeck, member of the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources and the Honors College.

Getting to 350 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere will require massive investments
AND
, including those on pressing issues related to climate change and clean energy.

Speed

Time Constraints from speaking fast force you to become more efficient—improving real world education and preparation
Erwin Chemerinsky 2001, the Sydney M. Irmas Professor of Public Interest Law, Legal Ethics and Political Science at the University of Southern California School of Law, Fall 2001, (Speech presented as the Keynote Address at the Tahoe Conference on Academic Debate, Argumentation and Advocacy. River Falls: Fall 2001.Vol.38, Iss. 2; pg. 63)

Second, in terms of things I gained, are all of the skills I
AND
and prepares one for juggling the many things as we all must do.

Turn—Speaking Fast is necessary in real life political and legal debates
Erwin Chemerinsky 2001, the Sydney M. Irmas Professor of Public Interest Law, Legal Ethics and Political Science at the University of Southern California School of Law, Fall 2001, (Speech presented as the Keynote Address at the Tahoe Conference on Academic Debate, Argumentation and Advocacy. River Falls: Fall 2001.Vol.38, Iss. 2; pg. 63)

Frankly, there are a few things that I learned in debate that haven't mattered
AND
able to talk very fast to get one's points in is a necessity.

AT: Whiteness

Their argument elevates white supremacy to an all-pervasive force that explains nearly all global oppression---this conceptual expansion hides the actual practice of racism and makes breaking it down more difficult
Andersen 3 – Margaret L. Andersen, Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies and Vice Provost for Academic Affairs at the University of Delaware, 2003, “Whitewashing Race: A Critical Perspective on Whiteness,” in White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism, edDoaneand Bonilla-Silva, p. 28

Conceptually, one of the major problems in the whiteness literature is the reification of
AND
come to mean just about everything, it ends up meaning hardly anything.

Perm

The Anti-Coal movement is polycentric and coalitional – it brings together multiples agents of resistance by targeting specific Coal plants like those that poison each breath of air we breathe ourselves AND by challenging the larger global system of fossil fuel powered injustice
Russell 9 – Grassroots Action Organizer
Joshua Kahn Russell is the grassroots actions organizer at Rainforest Action Network and was an organizer on the Capitol Climate Action, May 2009, Z Magazine, http://www.zcommunications.org/climate-justice-and-coals-funeral-procession-by-joshua-kahn-russell
The pace of direct actions against coal has sharply increased since 2004. These campaigns
AND
coal as one strand of a robust frontline-led climate justice movement.

Science Knowledge
Our 1AC teaches debaters how to speak in the language of experts---that solves cession of science and politics to ideological elites –only way to speak truth to power
Hoppe 99 Robert Hoppe is Professor of Policy and knowledge in the Faculty of Management and Governance at Twente University, the Netherlands. "Argumentative Turn" Science and Public Policy, volume 26, number 3, June 1999, pages 201–210 works.bepress.com

ACCORDING TO LASSWELL (1971), policy science is about the production and application of
AND
and to a broader audience of an ideologically disoriented and politically disenchanted citizenry.
Monbiot

Global warming movements are coming now thanks to a decline in identity politics --- their strategy crushes those movements --- causes extinction
George Monbiot, English Writer and Environmental and Political Activist, 9-4-2008, “Identity Politics in Climate Change Hell,” http://www.celsias.com/article/identity-politics-climate-change-hell/
If you want a glimpse of how the movement against climate change could crumble faster
AND
this urgent task into the identity politics that have wrecked so many movements.

AT: Aesthetics

In terms of exploring how the black aesthetic functioned as a mode of interpretive understanding
AND
a discourse that points the way out of the paradox of purity.

Personal Exp Bad

Empiricism is good and personal experience backfires
A- Defer to expert assessments of systemic conditions – allowing any opinion misdiagnoses the problem and causes more harm to disenfranchised communities
Hart 2013 – associate professor of psychology in the departments of psychiatry and psychology at Columbia University, is a research fellow at the Institute for Research in African-American Studies at Columbia and a research scientist at the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Carl, “Keep to Your Expertise,” http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/02/04/do-black-intellectuals-need-to-talk-about-race/on-race-issues-academics-should-keep-to-their-expertise)
The strange proposition that black intellectuals – regardless of their training – are “race
AND
And the listening community has the obligation of distinguishing informed opinion from tweets.

Code Switching

Code-switching naturalizes linguistic communities and covers over the hybridity that is proper to all language - We are always code-switching and insisting that one particular language code is necessary for communication with a particular population risks essentialism
Mellom 6 - Assistant Research Scientist for CLASE; Center for Latino Achievement and Success in Education CODE-SWITCHING AT A BILINGUAL SCHOOL IN COSTA RICA: IDENTITY, INTERTEXTUALITY AND NEW ORTRAITS OF COMPETENCE, PAULA JEAN MELLOM
http://athenaeum.libs.uga.edu/bitstream/handle/10724/9023/mellom_paula_j_200605_phd.pdf?sequence=1

On the other hand, some sociolinguists have tended to view code-switching as
AND
asserts that we must remember that all “standard languages” are hybrids.

*1AR

Their argument assumes we share their cultural history – if we attempted to use the black vernacular it would come across as disingenuous
Brown 2002 – PhD @ UMich, Professor of Political Science and African Studies at Loyola Marymount (Antonio, “Performing "truth": Black speech acts,” African American Review36. 2 (Summer 2002): 213-225.)

I posit that the form of "truth" asserted by the invocation of Black
AND
form communities, and such forms and formations are honored as cultural identifiers.

03/31/2013

Grid Advantage - NDT Round 8

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Grid failure coming now- will shut down US military operations
Stockon ’11 (Paul Stockton 11, assistant secretary of defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs, “Ten Years After 9/11: Challenges for the Decade to Come”, http://www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=7.2.11

The cyber threat to the DIB is only part of a much larger challenge to
AND
system over which it does not – and never will – exercise control.

Grid decline collapses military operations
CNA 9 (Center for Naval Analyses Military Adviser Board, Chaired by General Charles Wald, USAF (Ret.) Former Deputy Commander, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM), May 2009, Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security, https://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/Powering%20Americas%20Defense.pdf

Our vulnerabilities from energy use are not limited to battlefields and forward operating bases;
AND
to the security and reliability of our system of energy production and delivery.

Effective US military power prevents extinction
Barnett ’11 Thomas Barnett, Professor, Warfare Analysis and Research Dept – U.S. Naval War College, 3/7/11, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads

Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads
AND
the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.

Decline causes extinction
Brooks, Ikenberry and Wohlforth ‘13 Stephen Brooks, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, John Wohlforth, Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, Lean Forward, EBSCO

Of course, even if it is true that the costs of deep engagement fall
AND
an engaged and liberal leading power. The results could well be disastrous.

States will inevitably compete for relative status–only primacy can prevent conflict
Wohlforth 9 (Professor of government at Dartmouth, (William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War” World Politics, 61:1, January, Project Muse)

Second, I question the dominant view that status quo evaluations are relatively independent of
AND
ways that directly contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity.

03/31/2013

Water Advantage - NDT Round 8

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Water scarcity coming now - it's a threat multiplier that enflames hotspots globally. Specifically, true in the Middle East and the North Africa- their defense isn't predictive
Dinar ’12 (et al 10/18/12 SHLOMI DINAR is associate professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations and associate director of the School of International and Public Affairs at Florida International University. LUCIA DE STEFANO is associate professor at Complutense University of Madrid and researcher at the Water Observatory of the Botín Foundation. JAMES DUNCAN is consultant on natural resource governance and geography with the World Bank. KERSTIN STAHL is senior scientist at the Institute of Hydrology in the University of Freiburg. KENNETH M. STRZEPEK is research scientist with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. AARON T. WOLF is a professor of geography in the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, Foreign Affairs, October 18, 2012, "No Wars for Water", http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138208/shlomi-dinar-lucia-de-stefano-james-duncan-kerstin-stahl-kenneth/no-wars-for-water?page=show

In short, predictions of a Water World War are overwrought. However, tensions
AND
, freshwater will only further frustrate stability efforts in the world's volatile regions.

North Africa instability escalates
Glick ‘7 (Caroline Glick 7, deputy managing editor of The Jerusalem Post, Senior Fellow for Middle East Affairs of the Center for Security Policy, “Condi's African holiday”, December 11, http://www.rightsidenews.com/20071211309/editorial/us-opinion-and-editorial/our-world-condis-african-holiday.html)

The Horn of Africa is a
AND
regional actors and global powers.

Best studies prove it will cause African instability
Montenegro ‘9 (Maywa, editor and writer at Seed magazine, “The Truth About Water Wars,” May 14, 2009 http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_truth_about_water_wars/)

It’s often been said that the next resource wars will be fought not over oil
AND
, conflicts will likely intensify, requiring new and rapid adaptive security strategies.”

The best scholarship proves water wars are real
Dinar ‘2 SAIS Review 22.2 (2002) 229-253 Water
AND
Framework for Hydropolitics," International Negotiation 5, no. 2 (2000).

The dichotomy of conflict and cooperation over water and its relationship to national and regional
AND
their need to access sufficient and clean freshwater in security and nationalist terms.

Water scarcity causes Middle East war
Priyadarshi ‘12 (Nitish Priyadarshi 12, lecturer in the department of environment and water management at Ranchi University in India, “War for water is not a far cry”, June 16, http://www.cleangangaportal.org/node/44

The crisis over water in the Middle East is escalating. Despite existing agreements,
AND
), has created friction between the State of Israel and the Palestinian Authority.

Uniquely high risk of Middle east war
Singh ’11 (Singh, Washington Institute director, 9-22-11 (Michael, “What has really changed in the Middle East?”, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/09/22/what_has_really_changed_in_the_middle_east, DOA; 10-14-11)

Third, and most troubling, the Middle East is likely to be a more
AND
nuclear weapon, which would shift any contest for regional primacy into overdrive.

Middle East war goes nuclear
Bar ’11 Dr. Shmuel Bar, Director of Studies at the Institute of
AND
Apply to a Nuclear Iran?”, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, 2011

A nuclear Middle East will be very different from the Cold War in a wide
AND
strike capability may well strengthen the tendency to opt for a first strike.

03/31/2013

Solvency - NDT Round 8

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Solar deployment key to prevent coming grid collapse
Deason and Castillo ’11 (Jonathan P. Deason, lead professor, Environmental and
AND
Theory Modeling and Simulation Approaches Ariel S. Castillo, Jonathan P. Deason

Congressional Research Service report RS21985 in 2005 identiﬁed government actions needed to protect the fragile
AND
hybrid vehicles could provide an opportunity to store energy for nighttime operations.

Solar vital to solving mission critical bases
Deason and Castillo ’11 (Jonathan P. Deason, lead professor, Environmental and
AND
Theory Modeling and Simulation Approaches Ariel S. Castillo, Jonathan P. Deason

Military personnel is an important mission parameter since it is necessary for the DoD to
AND
, whereas the land and cost parameters have greater preferences for lower numbers.

CPV solar is key to solve water shortages
Dvorsky ’12 (George P. Dvorsky is a Canadian bioethicist, transhumanist, futurist, and producer of the Sentient Developments blog and podcast. Dvorsky is a co-founder and president of the Toronto Transhumanist Association, and currently serves as Chair of the Board for the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET).12 L0 annotationsHide DAILY EXPLAINER GEORGE DVORSKY 8/24/12 11:30am g 124L 91

How soon can we use the oceans to quench the world's thirst? Which each
AND
to the traditional method of desalination which uses hot water to distill seawater.

Conentrating solar tech is key to effective MENA desal
Zafar ‘12 (2012, Salman, “Desalination Outlook for MENA”, http://www.ecomena.org/tag/solar-powered-desalination/)

Desalination is a water treatment process that separates salts from saline water to produce potable
AND
thus diverting funds to much-needed educational, health and industrial sectors.

CPV solar is uniquely key to Middle East desal
Mesbah’13 (Soitec commits to provide Middle East with full range of CPV solutions at WFES 2013 United Arab Emirates: Tuesday, January 15 - 2013 at 11:56 Posted by Rana Mesbah Tuesday, January 15 - 2013 at 11:56 UAE local time (GMT+4)

"Meeting the world's growing demands for clean, reliable energy will require both large
AND
efficiency, eliminates any reliance on fuel supplies and needs very little maintenance.

Military solar CPV is key to bases and commercialization
MacDonald ’11 (Bob MacDonald, holds a BSEE from Brown University, MSEE from Stanford University, and MS and Ph.D. in Physics from Brown University, Solar Industry expert, published SEP. 1, 2011)

As energy use by the U.S. military grows — the Department of
AND
provide the same cost per watt that CPV can deliver in desert environments.

DOD is key to effective solar
Kaplan ’10 (The Marines Go Green How the military's shift to renewable fuel could lower the entire nation's energy costs. By Fred Kaplan|Posted Wednesday, Oct. 6, 2010, at 4:51 PM Fred Kaplan Fred Kaplan is Slate's "War Stories" columnist and author of the book, The Insurgents: David Petraeus and the Plot to Change the American Way of War. He can be reached at war_stories@hotmail.com. Follow him on Twitter.

The U.S. military is rushing to deploy solar-energy equipment on
AND
might very well be paved through the fighting fields and villages of Afghanistan.

Only DOD solves
Pentland ’12 (William Pentland Contributor GREEN TECH | 2/06/2012 @ 7:04PM |14,615 views The Military's Green Tech Strategy 15 comments, 12 called-out Comment Now Follow Comments

Above and beyond the benefits these projects provide to the military itself, they provide
AND
and implementation stages. I’d love to see more of those pilot projects.

Military solar is uniquely effective- PPA’s are key
Price ’12 (Solar Energy at Military Bases, Once Too Expensive, Is Now Within Easy Reach June 2012 By Tom Price INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Tom Price is director of policy and market strategies at CleanPath Ventures, a San Francisco-based solar energy development and finance firm.

For decades, solar has been stuck in one of two forms: Either fairly
AND
. It really is the lowest impact of all the technologies I’ve seen.”

Military solar PPA’s key to solve
Price ’12 (Solar Energy at Military Bases, Once Too Expensive, Is Now Within Easy Reach June 2012 By Tom Price INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Tom Price is director of policy and market strategies at CleanPath Ventures, a San Francisco-based solar energy development and finance firm.

VNM can also crack a challenge most solar customers don’t have: security. A
AND
, then that will allow virtual net metering to really go to scale.”

CPV tech is cheap and efficient
Leitner ‘2 (Leitner received a PhD in superconductor physics from the University of
AND
Western Energy Supply Dr. Arnold Leitner Senior Consultant, RDI Consulting July 2002

PV cells using multiple semiconductor junctions are capable of converting a much larger spectrum of
AND
possible, and worthwhile, which increases overall system efficiency and capacity factors.

03/31/2013

Plan - NDT Round 8

03/31/2013

2AC Neolib Kritik - NDT Round 8

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Discussion of energy policymaking is key to change
Kuzemko ’12 Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf

This observation brings us on to the way in which debates and narratives within political
AND
(DECC), with specific mandates to deliver on energy and climate security.

Method focus is flawed and causes paradigm wars
Jackson, associate professor of IR – School of International Service @ American University, ‘11
(Patrick Thadeus, The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations, p. 57-59)

Perhaps the greatest irony of this instrumental, decontextualized importation of “falsification” and
AND
goal that, ironically, Popper and Kuhn and Lakatos would all reject.

The system’s sustainable and the alt can’t solve
Kaletsky ’10
(Anatole, Masters in Economics from Harvard, Honour-Degree Graduate at King’s
AND
Washington correspondent of the Financial Times and a business writer on The Economist,

The world did not end. Despite all the forebodings of disaster in the 2007
AND
Napoleonic Wars of 1803– 15. Hence the title of this book.

Neolib inevitable and the alt fails
Jones ‘11 (Owen, Masters at Oxford, named one of the Daily Telegraph's 'Top 100 Most Influential People on the Left' for 2011, author of "Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class", The Independent, UK, "Owen Jones: Protest without politics will change nothing", 2011, www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/owen-jones-protest-without-politics-will-change-nothing-2373612.html

My first experience of police kettling was aged 16. It was May Day 2001
AND
of revolt, there remains no left to give it direction and purpose.

The alt fails, causes transition conflicts, and flips their impacts
Aligica ‘3 (fellow at the Mercatus Center, George Mason University, and Adjunct Fellow at the Hudson Institute (Paul, 4/21. “The Great Transition and the Social Limits to Growth: Herman Kahn on Social Change and Global Economic Development”, April 21, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_detailsandid=2827)

Stopping things would mean if not to engage in an experiment to change the human
AND
are trying to avoid" (Kahn, 1976, 210; 1984).

The transition will fail and flip every impact
Monbiot 9 – George Monbiot, columnist for The Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London (environmental science, August 17, 2009, “Is there any point in fighting to stave off industrial apocalypse?,” online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change

The interesting question, and the one that probably divides us, is this:
AND
and exploit almost every possible resource – in the absence of political restraint.

Maximizing life is key- all lives have value
Schwartz ‘2 (L Schwartz, medical ethicist, 2002, Medical ethics: a case based approach, www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf

Supporters of the sanctity of life ethic dismiss considerations about quality and quantity because,
AND
However, it will be necessary to justify any violation of this right.

Negative peace precedes positive peace—absence of war is a prerequisite to social justice.
Folk ’78 (Jerry Folk, Professor of Religious and Peace Studies at Bethany College, 1978 ("Peace Education – Peace Studies Programs: Towards an Integrated Approach," Peace and Change, Volume 5, Number 1, Spring, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via JSTOR, p. 58)

Those proponents of the positive peace approach who reject out of hand the work of
AND
view the field essentially from the point of view of negative peace.13

Pragmatism demands action – we must avoid the trap of never-ending search for truth in ontological or epistemological investigations
Kratochwil ‘8 – professor of international relations at European University Institute (Friedrich, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213)

Firstly, a pragmatic approach does not begin with objects or “things” (
AND
Besides, “timing” seems to be quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.

Markets key to peace
Gartzke ‘9 (The Capitalist Peace Erik Gartzke Columbia University 2009 Erik Gartzke is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University

The discovery that democracies seldom fight each other has led, quite reasonably, to
AND
peace, even accounting for the well-documented role of liberal politics.

Cap key to solve resource scarcity- their ev is biased
Taylor ‘2 (Jerry Taylor, Cato Natural Resource Studies Director, 02 “Sustainable Development: A Dubious Solution in Search of a Problem,” August 26, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa449.pdf

If resources are growing more abundant while the concentration of pollutants in air sheds and
AND
. Accordingly, they provide little help to policy analysts or political leaders.

It’s sustainable- no limits to growth
Sagoff 97 (Mark, Director of the Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy and Professor of Philosophy at George Mason University “Do We Consume Too Much?” June http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/97jun/consume.htm

These prudential and economic arguments are not likely to succeed much longer. It is
AND
-range goal to decrease their materials intensity by a factor of ten.

Capitalism is being transformed by new clean tech- this avoids their impacts
Chichilnisky ’10 (Professor Graciela Chichilnisky was the architect of the Carbon Market, and lead author on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change which won the 2007 Nobel Prize. She is UNESCO professor of mathematics and economics, director of Columbia Consortium for Risk Management and professor of economics statistics at Columbia University, NY, 10 (“will 20th century capitalism go green?”, The Ecologist, 9/21/10,

Capitalism is transforming itself. Having caused the worst environmental excesses of the 20th century
AND
side. The longer it takes, the greater the risk we face.

Tech solves the environment, and the perm solves best
Park ’12 Mi Park, PhD at Dalhousie University, “Imagining a Just and Sustainable Society: a Critique of Alternative Economic Models in the Global Justice Movement”, Critical Sociology, published online 2-13-2012 at SAGE Journals

Many critics of globalization believe that economic expansion, regardless of resource regimes, is
AND
model is premised on the notion of decoupling economic growth from ecological degradation.

Alt fails without solar tech push- perm solves best
Scheer ‘2 (Former Asst. Prof. of Economics at the University of Stuttgart, Member of German Parliament, Hermann, The Solar Economy: Renewable Energy for a Sustainable Global Future)

Nevertheless, the physiocrats did formulate the basic principles of what we now call 'sustainable
AND
new power-generation technologies and the breadth and depth of scientific knowledge.

The status quo is structurally improving
Indur Goklany 10, policy analyst for the Department of the Interior – phd from MSU, “Population, Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Human Well-Being in the Age of Industrialization (Part III — Have Higher US Population, Consumption, and Newer Technologies Reduced Well-Being?)”, April 24, http://www.masterresource.org/2010/04/population-consumption-carbon-emissions-and-human-well-being-in-the-age-of-industrialization-part-iii-have-higher-us-population-consumption-and-newer-technologies-reduced-well-being/#more-9194

In my previous post I showed that, notwithstanding the Neo-Malthusian worldview,
AND
, but misses the larger picture, despite pretensions to a holistic worldview.

No impact to the environment- hype
Ridder ‘8 – PhD, School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania (Ben, Biodiversity And Conservation, 17.4, “Questioning the ecosystem services argument for biodiversity conservation”) *ES = environmental services

The low resilience assumption
Advocates of the conservation of biodiversity tend not to acknowledge the distinction between resilient and
AND
associated with any use of economic arguments to justify the conservation of biodiversity.

Violence has massively decreased because of econ growth/modernization/interdependence- best data proves
Gat ‘13 (AZAR GAT, DPhil in History (University of Oxford,
AND
azargat@post.tau.ac.il , March 19th 2013)

When quite a number of scholars simultaneously and independently of one another arrive at very
AND
But as already noted, the information on the subject is quite clear.

03/31/2013

2AC Case - NDT Round 8

03/31/2013

1AR Kritik - NDT Round 8

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
AT: Ontology

Ontology is silly and irrelevant to resolution of the political- the alt fails
Gathman 9 http://limitedinc.blogspot.com/2009/10/dialectics-of-diddling.html Professional editor, translator, publishes pieces in salon.com and Austin Chronicle

IT – and I will interrupt the continuity of this post in the very first
AND
a privileged metaphor for the other. There's nothing more political than this.

1AR- Sustianable

Market forces are sustainable and good
Matthews 11
Richard Matthews, eco-entrepreneur, eco-investor, sustainable writer, “Is Capitalism Sustainable?”, The Green Market, 5-12-2011, http://thegreenmarket.blogspot.com/2011/05/is-capitalism-sustainable.html
Business has created the environmental crisis and now the same capitalist system that was behind
AND
. One such arrangement involves the new partnerships between corporations and environmental organizations.

People will always want capitalism- alt can’t solve
Zakaria 9 (Fareed, Former Editor of Newsweek International, Current Editor-at-Large of Time, “The Capitalism Manifesto: Greed is Good,” June 13th, http://www.newsweek.com/2009/06/12/the-capitalist-manifesto-greed-is-good.html, EMM)

A few years from now, strange as it may sound, we might all
AND
against liberalization and got their worst drubbing at the polls in 40 years.

Alt Fails

No mindset shift and no alt solvency
Matthew Lockwood 11, previously Associate Director for Climate, Transport and Energy at the Institute for Public Policy Research, “The Limits to Environmentalism”, March 25, http://politicalclimate.net/2011/03/25/the-limits-to-environmentalism-4/

This brings us neatly finally to the third problem with PWG: politics. Jackson
AND
to solve problems, and overcome apparently unbeatable odds, at its heart.

Their alt can’t overcome inevitability- only the perm solves- the alt gets absorbed into the system
Skonieczny ’10 (Interrupting Inevitability: Globalization and Resistance Amy Skonieczny* Alternatives 35 (2010), 1–27 Prof at San Francisco State University, CA. E-mail: askonie@sfsu.edu

Critics of globalization, then, must deride inevitability arguments by pointing to the disruptions
AND
and vision of globalization and enables it to subsume most criticism and opposition.

1AR- Environment

EKC is accurate- best new studies prove
Sari and Soytas ‘9 (Ramazan and Ugur, Dept. of Business Administration, Middle East Technical University, “Are global warming and economic growth compatible? Evidence from ﬁve OPEC countries?,” Applied Energy, Volume 86, pg. 1887-1893, ScienceDirect)

The recent studies on the other hand improved our understanding in at least two ways
AND
gradually become a solution to environmental problems and no policy action is necessary.

Innovation and adaptation make growth sustainable---green tech investment solves warming and poverty
Harte and Harte 12 John, Professor of Ecosystem Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley and Mary Ellen, biologist and columnist who writes on climate change and population, “Alarmism Is Justified”, Foreign Affairs, 00157120, Sep/Oct 2012, Vol. 91, Issue 5
The Limits to Growth predicted catastrophe: humanity would deplete natural resources and pollute itself
AND
of poor people who require, above all, more and faster growth.

1ar- things getting better

I’ll finish Lomborg-
Lomborg 11
Bjorn Lomborg, directs the Copenhagen Consensus Center and is the author of The Skeptical Environmentalist and Cool It, Newsweek, June 12, 2011, "A Roadmap for the Planet", http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/06/12/bjorn-lomborg-explains-how-to-save-the-planet.html#
such as Beijing, New Delhi, and Mexico City. But remember what
AND
in poor places where slash-and-burn is preferable to starvation.

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Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-AFF-GSU-RoundALL.zip	09/26/2012	JarrodAtchison
Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-AFF-Harvard-RoundALL.zip	11/15/2012	JarrodAtchison
Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-All-NDT-Round1.doc	03/29/2013	chriscarey188
Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-All-NU-Round2.rar	02/09/2013	jld
Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-All-NU-Round3.rar	02/09/2013	jld
Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-All-NU-Round5.rar	02/10/2013	jld
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Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-AFF-KY-RoundALL.zip	10/10/2012	JarrodAtchison
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Wake Forest-LeDuc-Miller-All-NU-RoundDubs.rar	02/11/2013	jld
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