Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: George Mason KM | Judge: Frappier
DA - 2
Obama winning but it’s close – Romney could steal it.
Liasson et al 10-3. Mara, NPR’s political correspondent, Whit Ayres, President of Ayres, McHenry, and Associates Inc., a national public opinion and public affairs research firm, “Ahead Of First Debate, NPR Poll Shows Romney Within Striking Distance” NPR -- lexis
Ahead Of First Debate, NPR Poll Shows Romney Within Striking Distance We have a
AND
election this close, even a point or two could make a difference.

Nuclear power sparks mass public backlash.
CSI 12. Civil Society Institute, “SURVEY: AMERICANS NOT WARMING UP TO NUCLEAR POWER ONE YEAR AFTER FUKUSHIMA” March 7 -- http://www.civilsocietyinstitute.org/media/030712release.cfm
One year after the disaster at the Fukushima nuclear reactors in Japan, Americans continue
AND
. government props it up and forces the public to bear the risks."
Energy key election issue.
Skorobogatov 12. Yana, intern @ StateImpact Texas – a collaboration of public radio stations focused on environmental and energy issues coordinated by NPR,“Poll: Consumers favor domestic energy production, natural gas” State Impact -- April 10 -- http://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2012/04/10/poll-consumers-favor-domestic-energy-production-natural-gas/
Americans will likely take their views on energy issues to the voting booth this November, according to a new national poll by The University of Texas at Austin. The survey found that 65 percent of respondents considered energy to be an important presidential issue
Romney election results in Iran strikes --- Obama reelection defuses the situation with diplomacy
Daily Kos 12. (4/16 -- President Obama versus Romney on Iran, p. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/04/16/1083726/-President-Obama-versus-Romney-on-Iran)
3. Approach to foreign policy: Romney says he will “not apologize” for America and advocates a return to the Bush cowboy “my way or the highway” approach to dealing with other nations. When John Bolton is an endorser, that scares me. To me, however the biggest contrast is their approach to Iran. Binyamin Netanyahu by all accounts is a hawk who is pushing the United States to bomb Iran and has been doing so for a long time. He appears to see no need for negotiation. Granted, he has a right to protect his nation if he believes that its under threat. However, we all know how flawed the “intelligence” was for the Iraq war. And its important to let negotiations play out as far as possible before rushing to war, which would have many unintended consequences for years to come. (See the Iraq war). Here’s the big difference. Here’s Netanyahu’s recent response to the ongoing P5+1 talks: http://news.yahoo.com/... Netanyahu -- whose government has not ruled out a preemptive strike on Iranian nuclear facilities -- earlier said however that Tehran had simply bought itself some extra time to comply. "My initial impression is that Iran has been given a 'freebie'," Netanyahu said during talks with visiting US Senator Joe Lieberman, the premier's office reported. "It has got five weeks to continue enrichment without any limitation, any inhibition. I think Iran should take immediate steps to stop all enrichment, take out all enrichment material and dismantle the nuclear facility in Qom," he said. "I believe that the world's greatest practitioner of terrorism must not have the opportunity to develop atomic bombs," he said. Here’s President Obama’s response yesterday to Netanyahu (in a response to a journalist's question) at the press conference in Cartagena: But Obama refuted that statement, saying "The notion that we've given something away or a freebie would indicate that Iran has gotten something." "In fact, they got the toughest sanctions that they're going to be facing coming up in a few months if they don't take advantage of those talks. I hope they do," Obama said. "The clock is ticking and I've been very clear to Iran and our negotiating partners that we're not going to have these talks just drag out in a stalling process," Obama told reporters after an Americas summit in Colombia."But so far at least we haven't given away anything -- other than the opportunity for us to negotiate," he said. Obama in conjunction with world powers is negotiating with Iran, trying to prevent a needless war. You can be sure that Mitt Romney would bow to his buddy Netanyahu and attack Iran. He has previously said “We will not have an inch of difference between ourselves and Israel”. As he also said in a debate, before making any decision regarding Israel, he will call his friend Bibi. Bottom line, if somehow the American people elect Mitt Romney, expect more of the bombastic, Bush cowboy approach to foreign policy with a more than likely bombardment of Iran. If the American people are not fooled by this charlatan and they reelect Barack Obama, he will continue in his measured way to deal with the threats around the world, quietly, through the use of negotiation, and force if absolutely necessary, but only as a last resort, without bragging, and scaring the American people with needless terrorism alerts.  

Iran strikes causes multiple scenarios for extinction.
Chossudovsky -06 (Michel Chossudovsky, The Next Phase of the Middle East War, Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=3147)
The Bush Administration has embarked upon a military adventure which threatens the future of humanity
AND
basin, eventually leading to the destabilization and conquest of the Russian Federation.

CP – 1
The United States Federal Government should: provide a diminishing fund for the development of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear technology but the Thorium fueled Small Module Reactors must become cost competitive and the Small Module Reactors must improve in price and performance in order to continually receive this incentive
Solves all of the aff and avoids our DAs
HAYWARD et al ’10 - Senior Fellow, Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy; Senior Fellow, AEI (Hayward, Steven F. Mark Muro. Ted Nordhaus. Michael Shellenberger. “POST-PARTISAN POWER”. October, 2010. http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Post-Partisan%20Power.pdf)
The government has a long history of successfully driving innovation and price declines in emerging
AND
rate at which early-stage clean and affordable energy technologies are commercialized. 

Only the CP can solve the energy bubble – the impact is economic collapse
SWEZEY ‘11 - project director for Breakthrough Institute (“Clean Tech Sector Heading for a Major Crash”. July 11, 2011. http://blacklistednews.com/?news_id=14600andprint=1)
The global clean energy industry is set for a major crash. The reason is
AND
to bring major economic benefits in a multi-trillion dollar energy market.

Global war – diversionary theory’s true
ROYAL ‘10 – Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense (Jedediah, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

CP- 2
Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a recommendation to fund the development of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear technology for the United States military as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
DOE recommendations cause enactment – AND – Even if it fails – private actors will change their behavior

DOE 11 (REPORTandONandTHEandFIRST QUADRENNIAL QTR TECHNOLOGY!REVIEW, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf) 

An important finding of this Review is that the Department impacts the energy sector and
AND
science into its technology programs to better inform and support the Department’s investments.
This recommendation will get enacted after the election and the counterplan trades-off political points necessary to enact other initiatives in the QTR

Tollefson -11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)

The US Department of Energy (DOE) released its inaugural Quadrennial Technology Review on
AND
% by 2020 and 83% by 2050, from a 2005 baseline.

HEG
Grid I/L
The grid is stable now-
Kassakian and Schmalensee et. al 11 (John, Prof of Electrical Engineering and Comp Sci at MIT Former Director of MIT Center for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems, Richard, Howard W. Johnston Prof of Econ and Management, “The Future of the Electric Grid”) http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/documents/electric-grid-2011/Electric_Grid_Full_Report.pdf
The U.S. grid is often referred to as “antiquated” or
AND
to underinvest but also to overinvest in these and other dimensions of performance. 

Alt causes to grid collapse – worker shortage
Grid collapse is inevitable – worker shortage
Kassakian and Schmalensee et. al 11 (John, Prof of Electrical Engineering and Comp Sci at MIT Former Director of MIT Center for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems, Richard, Howard W. Johnston Prof of Econ and Management, “The Future of the Electric Grid”) http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/documents/electric-grid-2011/Electric_Grid_Full_Report.pdf

Even if it faced none of the challenges discussed above, the electric power industry
AND
of students entering power engineering and the faculty in place to train them.
Heg

Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO
It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
AND
global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone.

China won’t challenge US Heg
Pei 8-29
Minxin, professor of government at Claremont McKenna College and a nonresident senior fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. “Everything You Think You Know About China Is Wrong”Are we obsessing about its rise when we should be worried about its fall? FOREIGN POLICY

For the last 40 years, Americans have lagged in recognizing the declining fortunes of
AND
a move reflecting U.S. worries about China's growing missile capabilities.

NUKE LEADERSHIP
Innovation
Turn- innovation
Government guarantees create moral hazards- creates risky market structures- causes instability and turns case
Gerdin ’11 (Erik Gerding, Associate Professor at University of Colorado Law School. His research interests include securities, banking law, financial regulation generally, and corporate governance, “The Inherent, Ineluctable Instability of Financial Institution Regulation”, http://www.theconglomerate.org/2011/09/the-inherent-ineluctable-instability-of-financial-institution-regulation.html, September 12, 2011)

Here is my second contribution to the Faculty Lounge Online Forum on the legislative and
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– moral hazard, distortion, cheap debt -- leverage and capital arbitrage.
And government financial intervention causes corruption- generates dependency – instability- shifts private investment towards flawed programs- turns case
Loris and Spencer ’11 (Nicolas Loris and Jack Spencer, Nicolas D. Loris is a Policy Analyst and Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “Obama's Department of Energy Should Not Be the Green Banker”, http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=52893pageid=16pagename=Opinion, October 11th 2011)

On July 14, 2011, the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee marked up
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by DOE has become everything for companies looking to move ahead.” Reshaping, 

Prolif I/L

There’s NO CHANCE they can solve this advantage – DO NOT let the aff claim NUCLEAR LEADERSHIP solves proliferation – the INTERNAL LINK to that argument is having SAFE TECHNOLOGY – 

Their advantage relies on: (A) building these SMRs underground – these aff authors must be idiots. That’s so impossible
Ryan ’11 - Glasgow Caledonian University Senior Fellow, Energy Department; Masters in Mechanical Engineering, expertise in energy, sustainability, Computer Aided Engineering, renewables technology; Ph.D. (Ryan, Dylan. “Part 10 – Small modular reactors and mass production options”. 2011. http://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/ca/part-10-smallreactors-mass-prod/)

However, subsurface construction will not necessarily reduce costs. I’m assuming the person who
AND
of earth moving equipment, those guys charge an arm and a leg!).

Or (B) they have to build black-box SMRs ---- NO ONE knows how to build that 

ITA’ 11 – International Trade Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce, February. Manufacturing and Services Competitiveness Report. “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors.” http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf)

Some U.S. SMR vendors claim that their designs could be “black
AND
such designs are unlikely to be deployed in the near or mid term. 

Another flaw – the aff needs to be able to EXPORT this tech - They can’t export this shit – there’s no international licensing standard

ITA’ 11 – International Trade Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce, February. Manufacturing and Services Competitiveness Report. “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors.” http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf)

Some U.S. suppliers also regard the lack of international licensing standards as
AND
of the technology. This challenge also applies to larger, traditional reactors.

And – they NEED a liability regime to export – does this aff do that? Obvi dot no. This takes out ALL of their SMR business certainty arguments 

ITA’ 11 – International Trade Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce, February. Manufacturing and Services Competitiveness Report. “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors.” http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf)

Nuclear liability is a significant concern for SMR and large reactor designers. Currently,
AND
the implementation of CSC is a necessity for pursuing a major nuclear export program

Defense
Prolif decreases likelihood of conflict

Proliferators are not aggressive – they care about the economy and regime survival
Alagappa ‘8 (Muthiah – distinguished senior fellow at the East-West Center, The Long Shadow, p. 508-509)

Another major conclusion of this study is that although nuclear weapons could have destabilizing consequences
AND
intensity. Security interaction in Asia increasingly approximates behavior associated with defensive realism. 

Reject their evidence - irrational fear
Tepperman 9 Jonathan, Newsweek International's first Assistant Managing Editor (now Deputy Editor), “Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb” 8-29, http://www.newsweek.com/2009/08/28/why-obama-should-learn-to-love-the-bomb.html, SM

Put this all together and nuclear weapons start to seem a lot less frightening.
AND
small indeed. But it's a tough case to make to the public. 

SOLVENCY
Regs
- NRC regulations is a pre-requisite to solving
Spencer 11 (Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies 2/15/11 “Is the President’s Small Reactor Push the Right Approach?” http://blog.heritage.org/2011/02/15/is-the-presidents-small-reactor-push-the-right-approach/)
Yet many of these companies insist that without such public support, they cannot move forward. Such conclusions are based on one or a combination of three things:

The underlying technology is economically dubious. This may well be the case, but
AND
fair regulatory environment. The rest will happen on its own—or it
NRC
The NRC is not distributing SMR licenses – zero solvency
Tucker 11 (William, energy writer for the American Spectator, "America’s Last Nuclear Hope," March 2011, http://0101.nccdn.net/1_5/28c/010/2c9/America-s-Last-Nuclear-Hope-Tucker-TAS.pdf-http://0101.nccdn.net/1_5/28c/010/2c9/America-s-Last-Nuclear-Hope-Tucker-TAS.pdf)

So why isn't there more coordination between the civilian and military efforts? In fact
AND
will be a miracle if any proposal ever makes it through the process.

And they need to establish a new regulatory pathway- that’s extra topical- or no solvency- their author
Spencer and Loris ’11 (Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Nicolas D. Loris is a Research Associate in the Roe Institute, “A Big Future for Small Nuclear Reactors?”, February 2, 2011, LEQ)

• Establish a new licensing pathway. The current licensing pathway relies on reactor customers
AND
Congress should demand that these issues be resolved by the end of 2011.
Massive alt cause- NRC is not distributing license until they resolve waste management
Smith and Tracy ’12 (Rebecca Smith and Ryan Tracy, “U.S. Regulator Halts Nuclear-Plant Licensing”, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443517104577575561397701568.html, August 7, 2012)

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission said it would stop issuing licenses for
AND
is requiring operators to move spent fuel more quickly to dry storage casks.

Citing
Impossible to site – emergency planning zone buffer of ten miles.
Ingersoll 9. D.T., Senior Program Manager for the Nuclear Technology Programs Office at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, former Campaign Director for the Grid‐Appropriate Reactors program within the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, "Deliberately small reactors and the second nuclear era" Progress in Nuclear Energy -- Volume 51, Issues 4-5 -- May/June -- www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149197009000171
Despite the excellent safety record of the current fleet of U.S. nuclear
AND
issue is the implication of licensing the entire plant versus individual nuclear modules.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: George Mason KM | Judge: Frappier
Even if broad goals are never realized, promoting specific technologies can spur long-term buy in and CONGRESS will take the lead 

Friedman 11 (http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/why-we-need-a-quadrennial-energy-review/73371/, “Why we need a quadrennial energy review”)

However, goals are not a plan. Even timetables and targets (85%
AND
One can also imagine a plan that suits our needs as a nation.
2 – QDR – QDR proves a QER creates precedent for action that gets followed up – 

American Energy Innovation Council 11 (http://americanenergyinnovation.org/catalyzing-ingenuity-chapter-2/, Catalyzing Ingenuity Chapter 2)

As we recommended previously, the nation needs a robust National Energy Plan to serve
AND
build on the QTR and move quickly toward a government-wide QER.

3 – Non-partisan discussion - QER causes – leads to enactment of the recommendations

Moniz 11 (HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION TO RECEIVE TESTIMONY ON THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S QUADRENNIAL TECHNOLOGY REVIEW (QTR) AND TWO BILLS PENDING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE: S. 1703—QUADRENNIAL ENERGY REVIEW ACT OF 2011, AND S. 1807—ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION ACT OF 2011)

Acceleration of energy technology innovation is more challenging at the adoption and diffusion stages in
AND
increased private sector confidence in the stability of the policy and budgetary framework.

A)  “Resolved” is definite.
Dictionary.com 06 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, verb)

to come to a definite or earnest decision about; determine (to do something): I have resolved that I shall live to the full.

B)  “Should” is immediate and mandatory.
SUMMER ‘94 (Justice, Oklahoma City Supreme Court, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CIteID= 20287#marker3fn14)
The legal question to be resolved by the court is whether the word “should
AND
. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882).  

C) Substantial requires that the increase be definite and immediate
Words and Phrases 64, (40 WandP 759)
The words “outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive
AND
or pertaining to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive.

(D)Substantially is without material qualification
Black’s Law Dictionary 1991
p. 1024
Substantially - means essentially; without material qualification.

1 – Topic education –The question of QER v is debated in the literature

PCAST 10 – the group that made up the QER (Co-Chair, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 10 N OV E M B E R 2 0 10, R EPORT TO THE PR ESIDENT ON ACCELER ATING THE PACE OF CH ANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGR ATED FEDER AL ENERGY POLICY, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)

Heg
Domestic issues make supremacy unsustainable
Cohen 2012 (Michael, ow at the Century Foundation, February 21, "Rotting from the Inside Out", http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/02/21/rotting_from_the_inside_out?page=full)jn
There is, however, one serious problem with this analysis. Any discussion of
AND
our leaders will shy away from the large things that must be done." 

Innovation
2NC Innovation Turn Overview
And even if the mechanism of the plan is good- real governments lack the precision their solvency advocates assume-- governments don’t have access to information needed for successful intervention
Gordon ‘8 (Richard L. Gordon is professor emeritus of mineral economics at the Pennsylvania State University, “The Case against Government Intervention in Energy Markets Revisited Once Again”, No. 628 December 1, 2008)

A key aspect of the modern economic theory of intervention is skepticism about whether governments
AND
break down for producers’ goods because of concentration of ownership in state monopolies.  

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: George Mason KM | Judge: Frappier
Iranian instability kills heg
Lind 7(Michael, Director of the Economic Growth Program@The New America Foundation, June, “Beyond American Hegemony”, http://www.newamerica.net/publications/articles/2007/beyond_american_hegemony_5381, accessed 7/9/10)jn
American military hegemony in Europe, Asia and the Middle East depends on the ability
AND
state from allowing American bases and military build-ups on its soil. 

Stikes turn’s prolif:
Russell ‘9 (Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East, James A. Russell Spring 2009)

It is extremely unlikely that either the United States or Israel would initiate the use
AND
U.S. massive response – a potential “Armageddon” scenario.

Russia
Romney jacks Russia relations
Lyman 12. John – editor-in-chief of International Policy Digest, “Romney’s Foreign Policy and Russia” International Policy Digest -- March 30 -- http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2012/03/30/romneys-foreign-policy-and-russia/
U.S.-Russian relations transcend the United Nations and other multilateral institutions.
AND
facilitating America’s withdrawal from Afghanistan if he defeats Mr. Obama in November.

Extinction
Allison and Blackwill 10-31, Graham, director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School and a former assistant secretary of defense in the Clinton administration, Robert, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations and served as U.S. ambassador to India and as deputy national security adviser for strategic planning in the Bush administration “10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters,” http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/67178_Page2.html
That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S
AND
.S. success, or failure, in advancing our national interests.

Relations turn heg
SIMES 2003 (Dmitri, President of the Nixon Center, FDCH Political Testimony, 9-30)

At the same time, U.S. leaders increasingly recognized the emerging,
AND
) and indirectly (by abetting those determined to resist, or not).

Russia’s key to solve prolif
Graham 09, Thomas, senior director at Kissinger Associates, Inc. He served as special assistant to the president and senior director for Russia on the National Security Council staff “ Resurgent Russia and U.S. Purprposes” The Century Foundation, foreign policy and economic think tank, http://tcf.org/events/pdfs/ev257/Graham.pdf NEH )

There is no graver threat to U.S. security than the proliferation of
AND
problem and prevent terrorist organizations from gaining possession of weapons of mass destruction. 

Uniqueness
Extend 1NC Liasson – national and swing state polls show Obama is winning but it’s close – prefer our evidence because it assumes turn out, is comparative between GOP and Democratic outlooks and answers all their warrants for the election being locked up – small shifts matter.
Obama ahead but it’s not locked up – Romney attacks on Obama policy are what determines the election.
Condon 10-1. Stephanie, political reporter, "Obama holds slight lead ahead of debate" CBS News -- www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57523520/obama-holds-slight-lead-ahead-of-debate/
Five weeks before Election Day and two days before the first presidential debate, a
AND
. Rick Perry (R) looked liked the 2012 front-runner."
Romney is energized, Obama is still ahead – it’s not locked up.
Robinson 10-4. Eugene, columnist for the Washington Post, "Robinson: Barack Obama gives Mitt Romney an opening, but the election isn't over yet" Newsday -- www.newsday.com/opinion/robinson-barack-obama-gives-mitt-romney-an-opening-but-the-election-isn-t-over-yet-1.4075027
It wasn't a disaster, from Obama's point of view, but it was a
AND
. Obama has bounced back before. But no, this ain't over.
It’s close but Obama is ahead.
Silver 10-4. Nate, polling stud, "Polls show a strong debate for Romney" Five Thirty Eight -- fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/polls-show-a-strong-debate-for-romney/?utm_source=twitterfeedandutm_medium=twitter
There may be some mitigating factors for Mr. Obama. First, although the
AND
then two more presidential debates on Oct. 16 and Oct. 22.

Link Wall
Extend - Nuclear power sparks mass public backlash. – 77 % of people hate reactors as a response to Fukushima
Here’s a few warrents
-Too expensive
-dangerous
-radio active
Link is magnified so close to the election – The spot light is on Obama means this is a terrible time for him to endorse new controversial issue
CSI 12. Civil Society Institute, “SURVEY: AMERICANS NOT WARMING UP TO NUCLEAR POWER ONE YEAR AFTER FUKUSHIMA” March 7 -- http://www.civilsocietyinstitute.org/media/030712release.cfm
Energy key election issue.
Skorobogatov 12. Yana, intern @ StateImpact Texas – a collaboration of public radio stations focused on environmental and energy issues coordinated by NPR,“Poll: Consumers favor domestic energy production, natural gas” State Impact -- April 10 -- http://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2012/04/10/poll-consumers-favor-domestic-energy-production-natural-gas/
Americans will likely take their views on energy issues to the voting booth this November, according to a new national poll by The University of Texas at Austin. The survey found that 65 percent of respondents considered energy to be an important presidential issue

SMRs  NIMBY backlash – concern over waste.
Andres and Breetz 11. Richard, Professor of National Security Strategy at the
AND
press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
Small reactors used on domestic military bases are ¶ likely to face a number of
AND
determining whether Permissive ¶ Action Links technology could be used to safeguard them.

Environmentalist
Environmentalists happy with Obama now.
Hudson 9-11. Audrey, congressional correspondent, "HAS OBAMA MADE THE PLANET GREENER? AL GORE SAYS ‘NO’" Human Events -- www.humanevents.com/2012/09/11/is-the-planet-greener-because-of-obama-al-gore-says-no/
Democrats wax lyrical when it comes to President Barack Obama’s durable accomplishments to protect the
AND
, Environment America, League of Conservation Voters, and Clean Water Action.

Environmentalists hate nuclear power.
Dears 12. Donn, Energy expert retired from GE Company, President of TSAugust a 501 (C) 3 not for profit corporation “Why Environmentalists Are Wrong About Nuclear Power” June 7 -- http://epaabuse.com/7459/editorials/why-environmentalists-are-wrong-about-nuclear-power/

It’s an amazing irony that the only technology that could have any chance of cutting
AND
CO2 emissions must be cut in the United States 80% by 2050.

They’re key
Schow 12. Ashe, Heritage Action’s Deputy Communications Director, “Pres. Obama continues to pander to environmentalists” Heritage Action for America -- January 9 -- http://heritageaction.com/2012/01/pres-obama-continues-to-pander-to-environmentalists/
It seems that President Obama is worried about whether or not environmentalists will come out
AND
he denying them to anyone, especially his friends in the labor unions?

Hispanic’s 

Latino turn out low now.
Lawrence 9-20. Steward, Founder and managing director, Puentes and Associates, Inc.; journalist and public policy analyst, "Romney's rising latino support: Is the conventional wisdom wrong?" Huffington Post -- www.huffingtonpost.com/stewart-j-lawrence/romney-latino-voters_b_1898855.html?utm_hp_ref=elections-2012
And that's not all. There are real concerns about just how many Latinos will
AND
Romney's chances of winning just enough Latino votes to carry the swing states.

Hispanic voters not key – they’re not in swing states.
Silver 12. Nate, badass political analyst, future husband, kind of a big deal, “Hispanic Voters Less Plentiful in Swing States” Five Thirty Eight -- June 19 -- http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/hispanic-voters-less-plentiful-in-swing-states/#more-31346
I do agree with Sean Trende of Real Clear Politics about one key point,
AND
these states just aren’t likely to sway the Electoral College outcome in 2012.
Romney Stike
Daily Kos – hes announced he wants to strike Iran
Romney will pre-emptively strike Iran.
Sparks 12. Allister, political commentator and journalist, “The dangers – including to SA – of Obama’s rightist challengers” Business Day -- January 18 -- http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=162750
Mitt Romney, who sounds like a moderate compared with the tooth-and-
AND
— the political, military and economic implications of which make one shudder.

Romney will strike Iran- economics- his ads prove
Kidd, 12 -- political activist, PhD
(Billy, "Romney Strategists Prepare for War Against Iran," Opposing Views, 6-14-12, www.opposingviews.com/i/politics/foreign-policy/crisis-gaza/romney-strategists-prepare-war-against-iran, accessed 7-14-12, mss)

The Emergency Committee for Israel is running an advertisement urging an immediate war with Iran
AND
A vote for Romney means war. It could not be any clearer.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cornell HP | Judge:
DA

Obama winning but it’s close – Romney could steal it.
Liasson et al 10-3. Mara, NPR’s political correspondent, Whit Ayres, President of Ayres, McHenry, and Associates Inc., a national public opinion and public affairs research firm, “Ahead Of First Debate, NPR Poll Shows Romney Within Striking Distance” NPR -- lexis
Ahead Of First Debate, NPR Poll Shows Romney Within Striking Distance We have a
AND
election this close, even a point or two could make a difference.

Energy key election issue.
Skorobogatov 12. Yana, intern @ StateImpact Texas – a collaboration of public radio stations focused on environmental and energy issues coordinated by NPR,“Poll: Consumers favor domestic energy production, natural gas” State Impact -- April 10 -- http://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2012/04/10/poll-consumers-favor-domestic-energy-production-natural-gas/
Americans will likely take their views on energy issues to the voting booth this November, according to a new national poll by The University of Texas at Austin. The survey found that 65 percent of respondents considered energy to be an important presidential issue.

GOP will attack Obama for prioritizing environment concerns over energy securitiy.
Saad 12. Lydia, senior editor, “Obama rated better on environmental than on energy policies” Gallup -- March 26 -- http://www.gallup.com/poll/153437/Obama-Rated-Better-Environmental-Energy-Policies.aspx
Obama's rating on improving the nation's energy policy has particular significance right now as he
AND
favor conservation and pursuing alternative energy sources over increased development of fossil fuels.

Romney win guarantees EPA regs rollback – overturns CAFÉ and carbon controls.
Star Ledger 12. “Scary times for environment -- especially if Mitt Romney wins” June 3 -- http://blog.nj.com/njv_editorial_page/2012/06/scary_times_for_environment_~-~-.html
The grim report on jobs Friday greatly improves the odds that Republicans will win in
AND
, a frightening prospect if the extremists in the GOP strengthen their grip.

EPA Regulations Are The Only Way To Solve Global Warming And Climate Leadership
Parenti ’10 (Christian Parenti, a contributing editor at The Nation and a visiting scholar at the Center for Place, Culture and Politics, at the CUNY Grad Center, 4-20-10, “The Nation: The Case for EPA Action,” http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126129216)
On April 1 the Environmental Protection Agency established rules restricting greenhouse gas emissions from cars
AND
when Obama took office he allowed the EPA to do its job again.  

Extinction.
Dyer 12. (Gwynne, London-based independent journalist, PhD from King's College London, citing UC Berkeley scientists, "Tick, tock to mass extinction date," The Press, 6-19-12, l/n, accessed 8-15-12, mss)
 Meanwhile, a team of respected scientists warn that life on Earth may be
AND
- dwelling species. This has happened many times in the Earth's history.

Kritik
Even if the affirmative wishes to help Natives, it views them as assimilated members of our public – that leads to homogenization and colonization
Endres, Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of Utah, 2009 Danielle, “The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision,” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. March, Vol. 6, No. 1, Page 50 

Instead of explicitly naming American Indians as “savages” (a common strategy indentified
AND
be asked to sacrifice their lands for the greater good of the nation. 

Impacts perpetual violence

Santos, professor at the University of Coimbra, School of Economics, 2003 Sousa, professor at the University of Coimbra, School of Economics, April http://bad.eserver.org/issues/2003/63/santos.html

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
AND
The machine of democracy and liberty turns into a machine of horror and destruction

The mere criticism of this type of colonialist thinking is key to opening a space in the system of value-coding.  Problem-solution thinking and calculative production that is separated from systematic analysis recreates hegemonic narratives and policy

Spivak Gayatri Spivak is a Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University 93 Gayatri Spivak, “Outside the Teaching Machine,” p.63-64, 1993

The operation of the value-form makes every commitment negotiable, however urgent it
AND
to further claims of marginal¬ity. “We are all postcolonials . . “)

CP-1

Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to remove restrictions to the development of wind and solar energy projects on indigenous lands in the United States as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
DOE recommendations cause enactment – AND – Even if it fails – private actors will change their behavior

DOE 11 (REPORTandONandTHEandFIRST QUADRENNIAL QTR TECHNOLOGY!REVIEW, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf) 

An important finding of this Review is that the Department impacts the energy sector and
AND
science into its technology programs to better inform and support the Department’s investments.
This recommendation will get enacted after the election and the counterplan trades-off political points necessary to enact other initiatives in the QTR

Tollefson -11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)

The US Department of Energy (DOE) released its inaugural Quadrennial Technology Review on
AND
% by 2020 and 83% by 2050, from a 2005 baseline.

This trade-off would occur with biofuels

Fuel Cell Insider 11 (DOE Quadrennial Technology Review Gets Stakeholder Input, http://www.fuelcellinsider.org/?p=615)

Hydrogen fuel cells were certainly addressed by the panel members, but usually after the
AND
of running on biofuels, among them methanol, ethanol, and biodiesel.
While it is clear that fuel cells are not front and center for the DOE
AND
industries who have invested billions of dollars in a host of energy options.

US lead biofuels would cause extinction

Ziegler 12 (Fuelling World Hunger: How The Global Biofuel Industry Is Creating Massive Destruction, Jean, http://www.infowars.com/fuelling-world-hunger-how-the-global-biofuel-industry-is-creating-massive-destruction/)

The global expansion of the biofuel industry – in which agricultural land and crops are
AND
and together. There may yet be a way out of the inferno.

CP-2

The United States federal government should remove restrictions to the development of wind  energy projects on indigenous lands in the United States.
Solar disposal causes e-waste exports –
Nath 10 (Stanford Journal of International Relations, Vol. XI | No. 2 , Spring, “Cleaning Up After Clean Energy:  Hazardous Waste in the Solar Industry”,  http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/pdf/Solar_11.2.pdf, Ishan Nath is a sophomore at Stanford University doublemajoring in Economics and Earth Systems with a focus  on energy science and technology)
The first question facing solar firms is how to address the prospect of used panels
AND
he warns, the situation could escalate into “a major disaster.” 4
E-waste is unjust – starvation, death, inequality
Templeton 9 Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 7 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2009 Article 21 4-16-2012 The Dark Side of Recycling and Reusing Electronics: Is Washington's E-Cycle Program Adequate? Nicola J. Templeton, 1 JD, Seattle University School of Law, 2009; BSc (Eng.), Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 2002
Environmental degradation is the degradation of the quality of life. 94 Exporting toxic e
AND
“reuse” exports are by no means limited to these countries. 103 

Self-Determination

Native Econ
Incentives provide room for corporate hijacking and exploitation
LaDuke et al, 2k9 Winona LaDuke, Honor the Earth, Bob Gough Intertribal Council On Utility Policy, Tom Goldtooth Indigenous Environmental Network, “Energy Justice in Native America A Policy Paper for Consideration by the Obama Administration and the 111th Congress”, http://www.ienearth.org/ docs/EJ_in_NA_Policy_Paper_locked.pdf 

The history of resource exploitation, including conventional energy resources, in Indian Country has
AND
by outside corporate interests without ownership or equity participation of the host tribes. 

No impact they’re culturally resilient
Rombough and Keithly, 2005 Shirley, Ph.D. in Sociology at Louisiana State University and Diane, “NATIVE AMERICANS, THE FEUDAL SYSTEM, AND THE PROTESTANT WORK ETHIC: A UNIQUE VIEW OF THE RESERVATION”, Race, Gender and Class12. 2 (2005): 104-120
Despite attempts to destroy the values and practices unique to Native Americans, these values
AND
they would not return to the reservation (Aguirre and Turner, 1995). 

Native Americans are the most impoverished minority group – no way to afford Wind that the aff assumes
Federal Gazette, staff, November 2006 “Poverty in black and white”, Fed Gazette, November 2006, Page 15

The causes of Native American poverty are well known. Their populations are concentrated on
AND
, effectively denying them of an opportunity to build up their personal capital. 

Wind is expensive turns case. At best cheap solutions to expensive tech produce more CO2
Hughes, School of Economics University of Edinburgh, 2011 Gordon, July, “Why is wind power so expensive? An economic analysis”, http://www.rpieurope.org/Publications/20 11/Gordon_Hughes%20_Why_is_wind_power_so_expensive_Jul2011.pdf

2. The problems posed by the intermittency of wind power can be addressed by
AND
emit considerably more CO2 per MWh of electricity than combined cycle gas plants.

Corruption Turn 

Turn – Corruption – corrupt leaders will undermine the possibility for sovereignty and self-determination 

Reynolds ‘4 Jerry; “Lobbying scandal highlights peril of tribal feuds”; Indian Country Today; Nov 3, 2004. Vol. 24, Iss. 21;  pg. A1; ProQuest nick

 "Fiscal mismanagement undermines sovereignty because ... inadequately accounting for the
AND
players and its role as the defender of the peoples' sovereignty is lost."

Colonialism
Plans essentializes Native Americans – upholds colonialism

Bosworth, B.A. in Environmental Studies from Macalester College, 2010 Kai Anthony, “Straws in the Wind: Race, Nature and Technoscience in Postcolonial South Dakotan Wind Power Development”, http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007andcontext=envi_honors 

Chapter 5 takes a detailed look at ……………notions of indigenous people as closer to nature. 

This removes agency from the native and stifles discussions pertaining to wind

Bosworth, B.A. in Environmental Studies from Macalester College, 2010 Kai Anthony, “Straws in the Wind: Race, Nature and Technoscience in Postcolonial South Dakotan Wind Power Development”, http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007andcontext=envi_honors 

Difference is enacted between Native American and non-Native wind development by infusing wind
AND
be misleading for non-Native individuals, corporations, or other institutions.

Noble Savage

_ Turn – Noble Savage Discourse – 

A. The negative romanticizes the idea of an authentic existence - where humans become one with the land through a connection with the native identity. When the idealized Indian image turns out to be false, the radical left destroys real Indians in favor of the false image.

Gagne ‘3 Karen M. (Colonial Research Working Group - State University of New York, Binghamton); “Falling in Love with Indians: The Metaphysics of Becoming America”; CR: The New Centennial Review 3.3 (2003) 205-233; ProjectMuse nick 

This real Indian emergence, simultaneously as a necessity for authenticity and a hindrance to
AND
was to become vicariously a victim of United States imperialism" (161).
However, as with the Hobbyists, utopian ………………. socially restrictive and intolerant of these visitors' aggressive individualism. 

B. The only way to avoid this turn is if the negative asserts that through their alternative non-natives begin to understand the error of their ways — but this causes the new-left to become Indian in order to disavow the destructive side of whiteness —diffusing blame and robbing the power of the gesture.

Smith ’91 Andy (Cherokee woman, a co-founder of Women of All Red Nations (W.A.R.N.) and is active in the anti- sexual assault movement); “FOR ALL THOSE WHO WERE INDIAN IN A FORMER LIFE”; http://ishgooda.org/racial/fem1.htm nick

Indian religions are community-based, not proselytizing, religions. There is not
AND
to look into her own culture and find what is liberating in it.
However, white women seem determined NOT to look into their own cultures for sources of strength. This is puzzling, since pre-Christian European cultures
are also earth-based and contain many of the same elements that white are ostensibly looking for in Native American cultures. This phenomenon leads me
to suspect that there is a more insidious motive for white "feminists" latching onto Indian spirituality.
When white "feminists" see how white people have historically oppressed others and how they are coming to very close to destroying the earth, they often want to dissociate themselves from their whiteness. They do this by opting to "become Indian." In this way, they can escape responsibility and accountability for white racism.
Of course, white "feminists" want to become only partly Indian. They do not want to be part of our struggles for survival against genocide; they do not want to fight for treaty rights or an end to substance abuse or sterilization abuse. They do not want to do anything that would tarnish their romanticized notions of what it means to become an Indian.
Solvency
Renewables fail – subject to unforeseen market developments – prefer our evidence its by qualified economic advisors  
Lane 6/19/12 (Charles, Member of the Washington Post Editoral Board, “The U.S. Government’s Bad Bets on Energy Policy”)
U.S. energy subsidies — spending, tax breaks, loan guarantees —
AND
Carter. The researchers pick apart clean-energy subsidies rationale by rationale.

Solar power is too intermittent – can’t become a reliable power source
Seeking Alpha 11 (“The Real Issue With solar Energy Isn’t Its Costs”) http://seekingalpha.com/article/306468-the-real-issue-with-solar-energy-isn-t-its-cost
As a parting shot, one disadvantage of solar energy doesn't get the attention it
AND
wind? So there are some negative externalities from solar energy after all..

Wind power fails – technology easily breaks and is clogged
Driessen 5/8/12 (Paul, Senior Policy Advisor for the Committee For a Constructive Tomorrow, “Time to Terminate Big Wind Subsidies”)
 (1 megawatt (MW, 1 million watts) of power output 3
AND
similarly has been shown to reduce the power generated by 20%–30%.

Tribes don’t trust the US Government – won’t accept

A. Bureau of land management sucks

Testa, Staff for Cronkite News, 5-1-12 Jessica, “Sacred ground? Citing ‘viewshed,’ tribe pushes back against solar plant”, http://cronkitenewsonline.com/2012/05/sacred-ground-citing-significant-views-tribe-pushes-back-against-solar-plant/

The problem stems, in part, from BLM’s ………………, not months,” he said. “Hit-and-run conversation does not play well with the tribes.” 

B. Risk of damage during production

Schwartz and Dearen, Huffington Post staff, 2/27/11 Noaki and Jason, “Native Americans Sue Over Solar Projects In Western Deserts”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/03/native-americans-sue-govt_n_829087.html

Land use and legal experts say the lawsuits mark a new phase in a historically
AND
There's no guarantee that once the project starts that they won't harm something." 

Consequentialism 

Util good
Fried ’94
-cant justify one for the survival of nation

Their moral decision-making is evil
Issac, 02
-bad calculus; undercuts political responsibility
-fails to see real violence and injustice
-moral purity = powerlessness

Utilitarianism is the only moral framework and alternatives are inevitability self-contradictory
Nye, 86 (Joseph S. 1986; Phd Political Science Harvard. University; Served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs; “Nuclear Ethics” pg. 18-19)
The significance and the limits of the two broad traditions can be captured by contemplating
AND
bear a heavier burden of proof in the nuclear age than ever before.

Extinction outweighs all - ethics demands you evaluate our impacts first.
Seeley, ‘86
(Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors, The Handbook of Non-Violence, p. 269-70)
In moral reasoning prediction of consequences is nearly always impossible. One balances the risks
AND
real enough to make nuclear war utterly impermissible under any sane moral code.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1
Energy Production refers to the overall supply of energy
Stats.gov 6 ("Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators," http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2006/html/en07i.htm)
Total Energy Production  refers to the total production of primary energy by all energy producing
AND
energy, solar energy and the secondary energy converted from the primary energy.

Substantial increase is 50% percent
Carole A. Shifrin, 1987 (“SPACE TECHNOLOGY”; Pg. 26 in Aviation Week and Space Technology, http://www.lexisnexis.com.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/ Allen cited the space station science program and Earth and ocean sciences as areas in which there are … that existed in the past."

Increase means from the baseline
STATE OF NEW YORK, ET AL ‘05. (PETITIONERS v. U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, RESPONDENT, NSR MANUFACTURERS ROUNDTABLE, ET AL., INTERVENORS, UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT
June 24 2005, page LN)
 Relying on two "real world" analogies, government petitioners contend that the
AND
car five or ten years ago when the engine was in perfect condition.

2

Definitional support ---
A. “Resolved” before a colon reflects a legislative forum
Army Officer School ‘04
(5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after "
AND
resolved:" Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.

B. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means
Ericson ‘03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

Advantage 1 is Limits:
A. There are an infinite number of competing frameworks to evaluate a debate
Mearsheimer 1995 (John, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, International Security, Winter 94/95)
In fact, change is always possible with critical theory because it allows for an
AND
states will cooperate with each other and world politics will be more peaceful.

B. We need closure to deliberate about the substance of the aff
Ruth Lesl Shively, Professor of Politics at Texas AandM, 2K Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2
In most cases, however, our agreements are highly imperfect. We agree on
AND
. In other words, contestation rests on some basic agreement or harmony.

C. Deliberative argument is key to prevent oppression and violence. Their idea of total inclusion reproduces domination.
Tonn 5 – Mari Boor Tonn, Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Maryland, “Taking Conversation, Dialogue, and Therapy Public” Rhetoricand Public Affairs Vol. 8, No. 3
This widespread recognition that access to public deliberative processes and the ballot is a baseline
AND
therapeutic conversation and dialogue jeopardizes the very pulse and lifeblood of democracy itself. 

Advantage 2 is Policy Education
A. Switch Side debate and policy simulation key to activism training
Joyner  ‘99 – Professor of International Law in the Government Department at Georgetown University
(Christopher C., Spring, 199, 5 ILSA J Int'l and Comp L 377)
Use of the debate can be an effective pedagogical tool for education in the social
AND
the real world of policy analysis, political critique, and legal defense.

B. Multiple existential risks are inevitable – intellectuals have a responsibility to debate over immediate policy. Criticism absent this focus is useless and self-serving.
Wander 1983 – former Professor of Communication Studies at San Jose State University (Philip, “The Ideological Turn in Modern Criticism,” Central States Speech Journal, 84 (Spring 1983), 1-18)
The crises we face now and in whatever definition of the future we might like
AND
historical context, the efforts of real people to create a better world. 

C. Vote Neg. The 1AC was a strategic choice. Failure to vote negative incentivizes future deliberately unfair debate practices.
Innocenti 2011 – Associate Professor and Chair of Communication Studies at KU (Beth, “COUNTERING QUESTIONABLE TACTICS BY CRYING FOUL,” ARGUMENTATION AND ADVOCACY 47 (Winter 2011): 178-188)
Second, consider the fact that crying foul makes manifest the badness of opponents' conduct
AND
external to the workings of arguing but an inherent part of their quality. 

Judge intervention --- ‘policy debate’ reduces it by establishing clear criteria for evaluation --- the impact is both fairness and education

Speice and Lyle ‘03
(Patrick, Wake Forest, and Jim, Debate Coach – Clarion, “Traditional Policy Debate: Now More Than Ever”, Debaters Research Guide, http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/SpeiceLyle2003htm.htm)
But why does it matter if the judge has a clearly defined role in the
AND
realistic chance to emerge victorious by making the game fair for both teams.

• • • Note: “TDP” = Acronym for “Traditional Policy Debate”

3
Focus on discourse and symbolism conceal how experience is situated within a material exploitive framework – They have given up on structural change in favor of fighting phrases without acknowledging what material conditions gave credibility to those phrases
CLOUD 1
(Dana, Prof of Comm at Texas, “The Affirmative Masquerade”, p. online: http://www.acjournal.org/holdings/vol4/iss3/special/cloud.htm)
At the very least, however, it is clear that poststructuralist discourse theories have
AND
It is the means for producing transformative knowledges. (p. 7)

The aff’s approach to knowledge which privileges subjectivity and uncertainty denies the objectivity in class relations and the oppression that is produced from capital accumulation  
Zavarzadeh 94 (Mas'Ud, The Stupidity That Consumption Is Just as Productive as Production": In the Shopping Mall of the Post-al Left," College Literature, Vol. 21, No. 3, The Politics of Teaching Literature 2 (Oct., 1994), pp. 92-114)
The unsurpassable objectivity which is not open to rhetorical interpretation and constitutes the decided foundation
AND
citizen from the revolutionary cell to the ludic shopping mall of France.

The denial of the objective suffering that capitalism naturalizes violence and makes us indifferent toward limitless annihilation
Zavarzadeh 94 (Mas'Ud, The Stupidity That Consumption Is Just as Productive as Production": In the Shopping Mall of the Post-al Left," College Literature, Vol. 21, No. 3, The Politics of Teaching Literature 2 (Oct., 1994),pp. 92-114)
What is obscured in this representation of the non-dialogical is, of course
AND
by which this violence is made more tolerable, justifiable, and naturalized.

Alt Text: Vote Negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.

Historical Method comes first – this debate is not about what the aff does but rather was the aff formulated with accurate knowledge on history – we must ground our debates in accurate historical methods that only Marxism can account for – their method prevents a transition to a society beyond oppression
TUMINO 1
(Stephen, Prof. English @ Pitt, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critique)
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
AND
determinism of corporate theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.
      

4
Solar disposal causes e-waste exports –
Nath 10 (Stanford Journal of International Relations, Vol. XI | No. 2 , Spring, “Cleaning Up After Clean Energy:  Hazardous Waste in the Solar Industry”,  http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/pdf/Solar_11.2.pdf, Ishan Nath is a sophomore at Stanford University doublemajoring in Economics and Earth Systems with a focus  on energy science and technology)
The first question facing solar firms is how to address the prospect of used panels
AND
he warns, the situation could escalate into “a major disaster.” 4
E-waste is unjust – starvation, death, inequality
Templeton 9 Seattle Journal for Social Justice Volume 7 Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2009 Article 21 4-16-2012 The Dark Side of Recycling and Reusing Electronics: Is Washington's E-Cycle Program Adequate? Nicola J. Templeton, 1 JD, Seattle University School of Law, 2009; BSc (Eng.), Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 2002
Environmental degradation is the degradation of the quality of life. 94 Exporting toxic e
AND
“reuse” exports are by no means limited to these countries. 103 

Case
Focus on inter-subjectivity stops the alt from success – it cannot confront the oppression of others
Lawtoo 6
Nidesh University of Washington, (“Dissonant Voices in Richard Rodriguez's Hunger of Memory and Luce Irigaray's This Sex Which Is Not One” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 48.3 (2006) 220-249) Project Muse

Implicit in the "morphology" of Irigaray's schema, is a conscious evasion of
AND
a kind of autoerotic desire that is highly suspicious of sexual difference. 30
Moreover, despite Irigaray's claim that woman "is kept from dispersion because the other
AND
the necessity of a severe confrontation with the hegemonic, phallocentric order. 32 

Alt can’t produce political change -
Alison Martin, Leverhulme Special Fellow in the Department of French, University of Nottingham, 2004 (“A European Initiative: Irigaray, Marx, and Citizenship” Hypatia 19.3 (2004)) Project Muse
The stakes and aims of Irigaray's political project are clearly idealistic and ambitious. It
AND
that difference is an issue, seem bound to the ideal of equality. 

Irrigary’s ontology is heterosexist
Stone 03
Alison, Lecturer in Philosophy at Lancaster University, (“The Sex of Nature: A Reinterpretation of Irigaray's Metaphysics and Political Thought” Hypatia 18.3 (2003) 60-84) Lexis
A more serious problem with Irigaray's philosophy is its assignation of metaphysical, ethical,
AND
these other conflicts and relationships of oppression (2000a, 11-12).
Such privileging of sexual over other forms of difference is unacceptably simplistic and politically ineffectual
AND
difference is sufficiently strong and interesting to deserve this further exploration and reconstruction. 

Solar production causes species loss and habitat destruction
Streater 9 (Scott, The New York Times Freelance Journalist Based in Colorado Springs, “Solar Energy Zone’ Concept Laudable but Flawed, Critics Say”July 9th, 2009)
But Interior Secretary Ken Salazar's directive establishing more than 675,000 acres of "
AND
there," Delfino said. "We don't like that zone at all. 

Wind production is unjust – lowers land values, drives local residents insane, and encourages use of rare earth metals
Timpf 12 Environmental justice: A new movement to restrict your movement Read com/articles/39environmental-justice-part-i-how-civil-rights-can-control-a-transit-project5#ixzz25kU6rZ3g, Katherine
President Obama encouraged Congress last month to renew tax credits to continue expanding “clean
AND
is misleading to call that energy source “green” or “clean.” 

Tournament: UNT | Round: 5 | Opponent: UMKC BS | Judge: Paul Mabrey
Case

This ontology does extreme violence
Cosgrove 2003 (Lisa Cosgrove is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Counseling and School Psychology at the University of Massachusetts-Boston, and she is currently a Fellow in the William Joiner Center for the Study of War and its Social Consequences, “Feminism, Postmodernism, and Psychological Research,” Hypatia 18.3, Project Muse)
The challenge to essentialism evidenced in Butler's ………….e-class heterosexual women. 7

Irigary cedes the political
Moi 8
Toril James B. Duke Professor of Literature and Romance Studies at Duke Univ., Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman, p. 309, 

Although I argue for the production of feminist utopias, I do not ……….. theory will lose sight of the political.

Framework

Framework is necessary to debate --- limiting the meaning of words is key to effective discussion. Turns all their education arguments
Kemerling ‘97
(Garth, Professor of Philosophy – Newberry College, http://www.philosophypages.com/lg/e05.htm) We've seen that sloppy or misleading use of ordinary language can seriously limit our ability to create and communicate correct reasoning. As philosopher John Locke pointed out three centuries ago, ……….. the troublesome vagueness. If the USPS announces that "proper notification of a change of address" means that an official form containing the relevant information must be received by the local post office no later than four days prior to the effective date of the change, it has offered a (possibly useful) precising definition.

Concrete action key to avoid the case impact and exploitation
Ling ‘01
(LHM, Professor, The New School, New York, Post-Colonial International Relations: Conquest and Desire Between Asia and the West)
Without concrete action for change, postmodernism's `dissident voices' have …………… observation has `freed us from the recognition that we have a moral obligation to do anything about it' (Spegele, 1992: 174). 

Debating without a topic discourages participation and hurts competitive equity—empirical study proves
Preston 99
(Preston, Thomas, lecturer and forensics director at University of Missouri—St. Louis, “No-Topic Debating in Parliamentary Debate: Student and Critic Reactions,” http://www.parlidebate.org/pdf/vol9no5.pdf) FS

Finally, of the 43 responses, 35, or 81.4 per cent, felt ………… central tendencies (mean=3.65, median=4.0, and mode=1.0), whereas the question over whether the students liked the experience was the lowest (mean=3.19, median=3.0, mode=1.0). Although there was a weak positive pole to the responses, those who had NDT/CEDA experience strongly opposed the idea of a no-topic year of debating in those organizations (mean=2.77, median =1.00, mode=1.00). 

The fairness of a process is essential to cooperation and outweighs any substantive benefit—decades of social science confirm
Pearce 7 (Pearce, Nick, March-May 2007, “Fair Rules: Rethinking Fairness”, director of International Public Policy Research, Public Policy Research, Volume 14, Issue 1) 

In the 1970s, social psychologists began to develop …………….. loyalty and willingness to help the organisation concerned also improves. Fair procedures and fair treatment generate loyalty and cooperation. 

Resolved is in the past tense and implies a committee decided on the resolution.
Words and Phrases 1964 Permanent Edition
Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”.

TURNS CASE – Failure to debate concrete energy policy results in its depoliticization—that causes a technocratic fill in and destroys informed agency and informed decision-making in politics
Kuzemko 12
Caroline Kuzemko, CSGR University of Warwick, Security, the State and Political Agency: Putting ‘Politics’ back into UK Energy, http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2012/381_61.pdf
Both Hay (2007) and Flinders and Buller (2006) suggest that there are other forms that depoliticisation can take, or in the terminology of Flinders and Buller ‘tactics’ which politicians can pursue in order to move a policy field to a more indirect governing relationship (Flinders and Buller 2006: 296). For the purposes of understanding the depoliticisation of UK energy ……… by many as a process that would result in better governance (Interviews 1, 2, 3, 15 cf. Hay 2007: 94; Kern 2010). This to a certain extent makes decisions to depoliticise appear both less instrumental but also harder to reverse given the degree to which such ideas become further entrenched via processes of depoliticisation (cf. Kuzemko 2012b: 61-66; Wood 2011: 7).

T/Case Key to Movements
Turns case - Institutional approaches are the only way to avoid the collapse of all movements and effectively challenge the flawed state policies.
Grossberg, 92 (Lawrence, Morris Davis Professor of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, “We Gotta Get Out of this Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture”, page 388-389)
The demand for moral and ideological purity often results in …………. impure and compromised.  

T/ Case SSD Tolerance
Switch side debate is key to engaging multiple perspectives – makes debaters more tolerant of new ideas
Muir 1993 (Star A. PHILOSOPHY AND RHETORIC, "A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate," v26,
n4, p.288)
The role of switch-side debate is especially important …………..we insist on their utility.
Predictability is desirable it
 allows for the neg to intellectually respond to the aff. The process should take precedence over the advocacy.
Gutmann and Thompson 96 * president of University of Pennsylvania and former prof @ Princeton, AND (Harvard) Professor of Government and the Alfred North Whitehead Professor of Political Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. He is also a professor of public policy in the John F. Kennedy School of Government, and the founding Director of the University Center for Ethics and the Professions (Amy, Dennis, Democracy and Disagreement, pp 1, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996) RaPa

OF THE CHALLENGES that American democracy faces ………… about policy depends in part on the moral quality of the process by which citizens collectively reach those judgments. Deliberation is the most appropriate way for citizens collectively to resolve their moral disagreements not only about policies but also about the process by which policies should be adopted. Deliberation is not only a means to an end, but also a means for deciding what means are morally required to pursue our common ends. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The perm is co-opted into the language of reformism – capital is like a many headed hydra – only totalizing rejection solves
Kovel 2
(Joel, Alger Hiss Prof. At Bard, The Enemy of Nature,  Zed Books, p. 142-3)
The value-term that subsumes everything into the spell of capital sets going a
AND
field into zones of greater concentration, expanded profitability — and greater ecodestruction.

Wind power co-opts criticism – it reinforces ideology while making social oppression invisible
Byrne and Toley 6 (John – Head of the Center for Energy and Environmental
AND
a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse,” p. 1-32)
Catching the Wind To date, the greatest success in ‘real’ green energy development
AND
low-cost and easy-to-plug-in wind power.  

Gender inequality is not the ahistorical product of an abstract system of patriarchy – it’s the result of classed societies organized around the exploitation of surplus labor
CLOUD 3
(Dana, Prof. Comm at UT, “Marxism and Oppression”, Talk for Regional Socialist Conference, April 19, 2003)
In order to challenge oppression, it is important to know where it comes from
AND
men against women encourage us to fight each other rather than organizing together.

Their method is better accounted for through a materialist tradition – they lead to ideological mystification which causes political apathy and a retreat from struggling against oppression
CLOUD 1
(Dana, Prof of Comm at Texas, “The Affirmative Masquerade”, p. online: http://www.acjournal.org/holdings/vol4/iss3/special/cloud.htm)

Poststructuralist discourse theory and the discursive turn offer several worthwhile cautions to traditional ideology critics
AND
, encourages pessimism, ineffectual micropolitics, and retreat from explanation and struggle.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC
-QER CP Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a recommendation to extend the Production Tax Credit for wing energy without a specific expiration date as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
-Elections obama good w/ iran strikes
-fem ir
-case

2NC
-QER
-case

1NR
-elections

2NR
-QER
-elections

1NC -
T - restriction is a limitation by statute or regulation
T - Energy production must increase electricity generation
Elections - obama good w/ CAFE overturn; global warming
K - fem ir
QER CP - Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a recommendation to exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
Case

2NC - QER/Case

1NR - Elections

2NR - Elections/QER

1NC
Elections - obama good w/ iran strikes
Colonization K
QER CP
PIC w/ e-waste internal net benefit- The United States federal government should substantially increase financial incentives for energy production on lands defined by 18 United States Code section 1151 for wind power.
Case

2NC
-PIC w/ internal NB
-case

1NR - elections

2NR - PIC, elections

1NC
-Elections; obama good with iran strikes
-fem ir
-QER CP - Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include an offer production tax credits for the construction of thorium-fueled Small Module Reactors as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
-SMR Market CP (w/ energy bubble net benefit impact is econ collapse)- The United States Federal Government should: provide diminishing production tax credits for the construction of thorium-fueled Small Module Reactors but the Thorium fueled Small Module Reactors must become cost competitive  and the thorium – fueled Small Module Reactors  must improve in price and performance in order to continually receive this incentive
-case (with market turns - government kills innovation and development)

2NC
-bubble disad on the CP
-QER
-case with market turns

1NR
-elections

2NR
-QER and elections

1NC
- QER - The United States Federal Government should: provide a diminishing fund for the development of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear technology but the Thorium fueled Small Module Reactors must become cost competitive and the Small Module Reactors must improve in price and performance in order to continually receive this incentive
-Politics; obama good; iran strikes
-Oil DA w/ warming
-Market CP w/ internal bubble disad (imapct is econ) - Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a recommendation to fund the development of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) nuclear technology for the United States military as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
Case
-NRC restrictions turns, market innovation turns
-defense

2NC
-QER
-Case

1NR
-politics

2NR
-politics, elections

1NC
-PIC out of solar vs. natives wind/solar aff internal e-waste NB - The United States federal government should remove restrictions to the development of wind  energy projects on indigenous lands in the United States.
-QER CP
-Elections obama good with warming
-colonialism k
-case with corruption turns

2NC
-PIC
-Case

1NR
-elections

2NR
-PIC
-case

Vs - critical Nietzsche aff - advocacy statement: "We affirm the idea that there is no “Nature.”
1NC  - EcoFem, Framework (Limits, Policy Education, Fairness, Case
2NC - Framework, Case
1NR - Fem
2NR - Framework, Case

1AC = MMegatons to Megawatts AD 1- prolif AD 2 - Natives
1NC - Immigration with econ
Supreme Court makes uranium mining on native lands illegal
Natural Gas disad - russian imperialism
Fem K
Prolif - impact turn wiht CBW impact
Solvency - renewable trade off disad with nuclear meltdown impact,
Natives - radiation good, defense, util

2NC
case
-prolif turns (new iran prolif good, isreal prolif good)
-renewables trade off - (new warming impact)
-Natural Gas
-Counterplan

1NR
-politics
-answers condo
-extends util

2NR
-renewables trade off
-politics
-counterplan

1AC - warming court aff
1NC - T financial incentives
CIR with econ
Congress CP
Court capital DA
Court legitimacy DA
Case - ice age

2NC
-CP
-Case

1NR
-court capital

2NR
-CP
-Court CAP

2AR - condo

1AC - SMRs 1)China unsafe SMRs 2)Manufacturing
1NC - CIR with latin american rels
-DARPA DOD demonstration CP
- Fem
-case defense
*oil disad with warming on solvency

2NC
-case
-CP

1NR
K

2NR
k

1AC - Nat Gas OCS 1)Helium 2)Arctic
1NC - russia rels da, fem IR, Adv counterplan, immigration with econ
2NC - case, cp
1NR - rels
2NR - rels and case d

1AC - solar fits warming and econ advantages
1NC - incentive T, lesbian sepratism K, immigration, states CP, CASE - econ - de dev
2NC - T, dedev and warming d
1NR - fem
2NR - dedev and warming d
2AR - 50 state fiat bad

1AC - solar environmental justice
-anthro
-enviro

1NC
-consult the eart
-lesbian sepratism
-case solar Enviro justice turns

2NC
-consult (kicked the advocacy) went for case turns
-Lesbian sepratism

1NR
-perm on separatism
-case

2NR
-separatism