Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their use of security Security is articulated through gendered binaries—that requires domination and elimination of those who threaten the dominant masculine body politic
Wilcox 3 Lauren, PhD in IR @ University of Minnesota, BA @ Macalester College, MA @ London School of Economics, “Security Masculinity: The Gender-Security Nexus”, RCB

Post-structuralists emphasize not only the discursive process of securitization, but the ways
AND
against subordinate masculinities, such as racial minorities and non-heterosexual orientations.
The impact is Extinction
Warren and Cady 94—Warren is the Chair of the Philosophy Department at Macalester College and Cady is Professor of Philosophy at Hamline University (Karen and Duane, “Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections”, p. 16, JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3810167.pdf) 

Operationalized, the evidence of patriarchy as a dysfunctional system is found in the behaviors
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-nature-peace connections in regional, national, and global contexts. 

Vote neg to reject the hegemonic masculinity inherent in the ideational process of the 1AC
Beland 2009
Daniel Beland. “Gender, Ideational Analysis, and Social Policy” Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society. Vol 16 Num 4. Pp 558-581. Winter 2009

To further illustrate the role of frames in politics and policy change, let me
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and social policy make a strong and original contribution  to this ideational literature.  

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC Shell

Obama will win now but it’s close – things could change.
Silver 10-20. Nate, polling genius, "Oct. 20: Calm Day in Forecast, but Volatility Ahead" Five Thirty Eight -- fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/20/oct-20-calm-day-in-forecast-but-volatility-ahead/?gwh
The FiveThirtyEight forecast is unchanged for Saturday, with President Obama maintaining a 67.
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such a distant memory when voters go to the polls in 17 days.

Carbon Capture angeres environmentalists sparks intense debate
Mills ‘11 Robin, MSc in Geological Sciences at Cambridge, “Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change,” Google Book

CCS already labours under something of a public relations disadvan¬tage, due to its association
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, and this may crimp funding for new technologies, however environmentally vital.

Turn out key down the home-stretch
Cohn 10-26. Nate, TNR Elections Analyst, "Why Undecided Voters Matter Less And Turnout Matters More Than Ever Before" The new Republic -- www.tnr.com/blog/electionate/109171/why-undecided-voters-matter-less-and-turnout-matters-more-ever
Heading into the final stretch of one of the closest presidential elections in recent history
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rates approach '08 levels, even if undecided voters broke in Romney's direction.

Romney election results in Iran strikes --- Obama reelection defuses the situation with diplomacy
Daily Kos 12. (4/16 -- President Obama versus Romney on Iran, p. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/04/16/1083726/-President-Obama-versus-Romney-on-Iran)
3. Approach to foreign policy: Romney says … people with needless terrorism alerts.  

Iran strikes causes multiple scenarios for extinction.
Chossudovsky -06 (Michel Chossudovsky, The Next Phase of the Middle East War, Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=3147)
The Bush Administration has embarked upon a military adventure which threatens the future of humanity
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basin, eventually leading to the destabilization and conquest of the Russian Federation.

1NR

Impact
Prefer the DA impact: timeframe
Jason Ditz Antiwar.com, 2-17-2012 http://news.antiwar.com/2012/02/17/obama-officials-iran-sanctions-will-fail-leading-to-war/
The new reports come just one day after Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta conceded that
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to center a foreign policy debate on his not starting this particular war.

Most probable scenario for escalation and great power draw in
Kahl, ’12 (Colin H, Associate Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and a Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security “Not Time to Attack Iran: Why War Should Be a Last Resort”, Foreign Affairs, Mar/Apr 2012. Vol. 91, Iss. 2; pg. 166, 8 pgs, JD)

Riding the Escalator
Kroenig's discussion of timing is not the only misleading part of his article; so
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not be the clinical, tightly controlled, limited encounter that Kroenig predicts.
Spillover
Keeping other states in the region out of the fight would also prove more di
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resuscitate its status as the champion of the region's anti-Western resistance.

Ext: Romney  Strikes 

Romney will pre-emptively strike Iran.
Sparks 12. Allister, political commentator and journalist, “The dangers – including to SA – of Obama’s rightist challengers” Business Day -- January 18 -- http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=162750
Mitt Romney, who sounds like a moderate compared with the tooth-and-
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— the political, military and economic implications of which make one shudder.

Romney will strike Iran- economics- his ads prove
Kidd, 12 -- political activist, PhD
(Billy, "Romney Strategists Prepare for War Against Iran," Opposing Views, 6-14-12, www.opposingviews.com/i/politics/foreign-policy/crisis-gaza/romney-strategists-prepare-war-against-iran, accessed 7-14-12, mss)

The Emergency Committee for Israel is running an advertisement urging an immediate war with Iran
AND
A vote for Romney means war. It could not be any clearer.

Romney will strike Iran- executing millions of Iranians
Kidd, 12 -- political activist, PhD
(Billy, "Romney Strategists Prepare for War Against Iran," Opposing Views, 6-14-12, www.opposingviews.com/i/politics/foreign-policy/crisis-gaza/romney-strategists-prepare-war-against-iran, accessed 7-14-12, mss)

The Emergency Committee for Israel is running an advertisement urging an immediate war with Iran
AND
A vote for Romney means war. It could not be any clearer.

GOP win causes Iran strikes
Dilek 9-20-11 (Emine, addicting info, “All Republican Candidates Favor War with Iran” http://www.addictinginfo.org/2011/09/20/all-republican-candidates-favor-war-with-iran/, jj)

All Republican Candidates Favor War with Iran Prepare yourself my fellow Americans. If you
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his assertion, I believe Americans are fed up with the unending wars.

GOP win causes Iran strike
Jon Swaine, 11-13-2011, “Republican hopefuls would go to war with Iran,” Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/republicans/8887247/Republican-hopefuls-would-go-to-war-with-Iran.html

Republican hopefuls would go to war with Iran Republican presidential hopefuls have promised to go
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, and that China wanted Tehran to obey "international rules and norms". 

More ev
National Journal Subscriber, 3-4-2012 http://www.nationaljournal.com/whitehouse/obama-plays-hawk-in-chief-on-iran-20120304

On the campaign trail, Republican candidates Mitt Romney and Rick Santorum have both come
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. They're not just on the table. They are in our hand."

AT: Romney’s Foreign Policy = Same 

No it’s not.
Alter 10-25. Jonathan, senior writer, "If elected, moderate mitt wil disappear" Bloomberg -- www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-25/moderate-romney-wouldn-t-make-it-past-inauguration-day.html
To judge by the Boca Raton, Florida, debate this week, Romney’s foreign
AND
Secret wars, back-alley abortions, cowboy capitalism. How moderate.

U
Obama ahead slightly – Will come down to wire
Shira Schoenberg, Political Correspondent for Mass Live, 11-2 “Polls find 2012 presidential race between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney too close to call”, http://www.masslive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/11/polls_find_2012_presidential_race_barack_obama_mitt_romney_too_close_to_call.html

In its final days, the presidential contest between Democratic U.S. President
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both candidates know as they campaign with punishing schedules in the final days.
Obama is winning but things can still change.
Beaumont 10-29. Thomas, Des Moines correspondent, "ELECTORAL ANALYSIS SHOWS OBAMA IN LEAD IN THE HUNT FOR 270" Ashland Times Gazette -- www.times-gazette.com/ap%20general%20news/2012/10/29/electoral-analysis-shows-obama-in-lead-in-the-hunt-for-270
President Barack Obama is poised to eke out a victory in the race for the
AND
can happen in the coming days to influence the Nov. 6 election.
Obama is winning now – but it’s close
San Fransisco Chronicle 11/2/12 (Electoral Chronicle Update: “Electoral College Update: Obama Has small But Decisive Lead Heading Into Final Weekend”)
President Obama has taken the narrowest of leads in the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy with
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electoral votes — more than enough to win if he just hangs on. 

Obama is winning but small shifts matter – there are still undedicated voters
Blumenthal 11/2/12 (Mark, Huffington Post“Presidential Polls Update: Obama’s Swing-State Margins Holding”)
WASHINGTON -- As the presidential campaign enters its final weekend, the polling snapshot remains
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few hints, but none that rise to the level of statistical significance. 

Finals days of the campaign are key.
Raum 10-18. Tom, Washington Bureau AP reporter, "Obama, ROmney moving toward the end game" Real Clear Politics -- www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2012/10/18/obama_romney_moving_toward_the_end_game_115826.html
As campaign days dwindle, candidates quicken their pace. Every audience becomes extremely important
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voters in most polls, but some recent surveys suggest some shifting loyalties.

Early voting doesn’t lock-in outcome—still have 60% of the electorate to go
Dailey 10-24. Kate, reporter, "Early coting: Is the election already decided?" BBC News -- www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20047369
For the first time, the US president is voting early, and he's not
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to-moderate propensity voters and not just focus on high intensity voters."

It’s not over till it’s over – early voting doesn’t determine the election.
Brantley 10-25. Max, editor, "Don't over-analyze the early vote" Arkansas Times -- www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2012/10/25/dont-over-analyze-the-early-vote
Don't over-analyze the early vote Election officials have been energetically tallying early vote
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in total voting percentage or outcome, based on what's happened so far.

Small shifts this late in the race matter.
Silver 10-23. Nate, polling analyst, political guru, the best around, "Obama Unlikely to Get Big Debate Bounce, but a Small One Could Matter" Five Thirty Eight -- fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/23/obama-unlikely-to-get-big-debate-bounce-but-a-small-one-could-matter/?gwh
Still, with the contest being so tight, any potential gain for Mr.
AND
would advance his position to being a 75 percent favorite in the forecast.

2nc Link Wall
Critics will call the plan FRACKING – because it is

Facos 11 (http://www.sentinelinvestments.com/pdf/Sentinel_whitepaper-fracking1211.pdf, Fracking: Friend or Foe?, Joy Facos Sustainable Investing Research Analyst Sentinel Financial Services Company December 2011) 

Hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” is a process used in enhanced oil recovery as
AND
, this process has garnered attention with the development of the Marcellus shale f

Fracking ensures public backlash.
Everley 12. Steve, Spokesperson for Energy In Depth, a research, education, and public outreach campaign, “Misinformation campaign targets hydraulic fracturing” Legal Backgrounder -- July 13 -- lexis
Its all in a name, really: Opponents have latched on to a harsh
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in ck) means half of your work is already done for you.

Links to elections—numbyism 

Karbuz ‘8 (Sohbet, Observatoire Mediterraneen de l’Energie an energy industry association in Paris director of hydrocarbons division, Air Force energy reduction plans, 10/12/8, http://karbuz.blogspot.com/2008/10/air-force-energy-reduction-plans.html)

Even if sequestration gained support at the national level in Congress, it is likely
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If it’s solid, it’ll only be an inert powder on the roadway.
It’s a political lightning rod—even environmentalists are wary
Luoma 11 – author of three books on environmental issues and a contributing editor at Audubon (Jon, “Are Carbon Sequestration Leaks a Potential Health Danger?” Popular Mechanics September 13 2011 http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/climate-change/are-carbon-sequestration-leaks-a-health-danger) MLR

Still, CCS remains a lightning rod. Roberts and colleagues wrote in their study
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clear whether studies like this one will reassure those wary of CO2 leaks. 

Sequestration spurs public backlash

Parformak 08 (“Community Acceptance of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Infrastructure: Siting Challenges”, Congressional Research Service Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34601.pdf, July 29, 2008)

The aspect of oil and gas field development—and, by extension, sequestration
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construction of a pipeline infrastructure, and would be expensive.” 73 

Planning for necessary Pipelines causes public outcry

Parformak 08 (“Community Acceptance of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Infrastructure: Siting Challenges”, Congressional Research Service Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34601.pdf, July 29, 2008)

CO2 pipelines are built in almost exactly the same way as natural gas pipelines,
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only in affluent communities but across a wide range of socioeconomic groups. 57
Public backlash from the plan independently turns the aff – it stops CCS pipelines from being built
Parformak 08 (“Community Acceptance of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Infrastructure: Siting Challenges”, Congressional Research Service Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34601.pdf, July 29, 2008)

 As U.S. carbon policies evolve, congressional policy makers are becoming
AND
legislative proposals for carbon control have no apparent provisions relating to public acceptance.
AT: Turn
No risk of turns – Public unware of CCS benefits or technical language – only risk of a link

Parformak 08 (“Community Acceptance of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Infrastructure: Siting Challenges”, Congressional Research Service Specialist in Energy and Infrastructure Policy, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34601.pdf, July 29, 2008)

Since public acceptance has influenced the development of virtually every category of U.S
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the primary cause of global warming have remained stable in recent years.” 21

Dem base enthusiasm high now – link can only go one way
McGregor 10-17. Richard, reporter, "President’s aggressive approach resets the race" Financial Times -- www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/925797f6-1877-11e2-8705-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2AKD9xH4Q
If judged by the cheering throngs that greeted Barack Obama in Iowa and Ohio on Wednesday, the president achieved his aim of lifting his supporters with an assertive performance in his second debate with Mitt Romney. ¶ After demoralising the Democratic base just two weeks ago with a poor showing in his first encounter with the Republican challenger, Mr Obama’s approach reset a race which was threatening to turn decisively against the president.

Obama’s base support strong now.
Teixeira 10-15. Ruy, senior fellow at the Center for American Progress and the Century Foundation and fellow of the New Politics Institute, "The Obama Coalition is Still Alive—But For How Long?" The New Republic -- www.tnr.com/blog/plank/108613/the-obama-coalition-still-alive—-how-long
Mitt Romney’s recent bounce in the polls has clearly energized conservatives, but it's unlikely
AND
and so far it seems that Obama is keeping most of that support.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC Shell

Text: The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a Quadrennial Energy Review as an addendum to the Quadrennial Technology Review. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology should direct the Department of Energy to include a recommendation to provide a tax credit for enhanced oil recovery that uses industrial carbon dioxide as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review.
DOE recommendations cause enactment – AND – Even if it fails – private actors will change their behavior
DOE 11 (REPORTandONandTHEandFIRST QUADRENNIAL QTR TECHNOLOGY!REVIEW, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf) 

An important finding of this Review is that the Department impacts the energy sector and
AND
science into its technology programs to better inform and support the Department’s investments.
This recommendation will get enacted after the election and the counterplan trades-off political points necessary to enact other initiatives in the QTR
Tollefson -11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)
The US Department of Energy (DOE) released its inaugural Quadrennial Technology Review on
AND
% by 2020 and 83% by 2050, from a 2005 baseline.

This trade-off would occur with biofuels

Fuel Cell Insider 11 (DOE Quadrennial Technology Review Gets Stakeholder Input, http://www.fuelcellinsider.org/?p=615)

Hydrogen fuel cells were certainly addressed by the panel members, but usually after the
AND
of running on biofuels, among them methanol, ethanol, and biodiesel.
While it is clear that fuel cells are not front and center for the DOE
AND
industries who have invested billions of dollars in a host of energy options.

US lead biofuels would cause extinction

Ziegler 12 (Fuelling World Hunger: How The Global Biofuel Industry Is Creating Massive Destruction, Jean, http://www.infowars.com/fuelling-world-hunger-how-the-global-biofuel-industry-is-creating-massive-destruction/)

The global expansion of the biofuel industry – in which agricultural land and crops are
AND
and together. There may yet be a way out of the inferno.

2NC

DOE says Biofuels top priority
Budget requests prove biofuels top priority for Obama

Lewis-Burke Associates 12 (April 19, Department of Energy to Host Educational Opportunities in Bioenergy at National Laboratories Webinar, http://my.aspb.org/blogpost/700968/141908/Department-of-Energy-to-Host-Educational-Opportunities-in-Bioenergy-at-National-Laboratories-Webinar)

Developing alternative energy sources, including bioenergy, remains a top priority for the Obama Administration as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil and bolster the economy. In the President’s fiscal year (FY) 2013 budget request, EERE would receive $2.3 billion, up 25 percent from FY 2012.
Biofuels Bad – Warming

Biofuels destroy forests and causes warming

Michael Grunwald, award-winning senior correspondent for Time Magazine, 3-27-08, The Clean Energy Scam, time, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1725975-1,00.html
Biofuels do slightly reduce dependence on imported oil, and the ethanol boom has created
AND
tipping point," says ecologist Daniel Nepstad of the Woods Hole Research Center.

Extinction

NRDC ‘7  (largest US environmental action group of over a million members, Good Wood: How Forest Certification Helps the Environment, http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/qcert.asp)

Forests are more than a symbolic ideal of wilderness, more than quiet places to
AND
decades. Protecting the earth's remaining forest cover is now an urgent task.

They Say: Perm
1 - They must defend their plan and any permutation is immediate and certain
A) “Resolved” is definite.
Dictionary.com 06 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, verb)

to come to a definite or earnest decision about; determine (to do something): I have resolved that I shall live to the full.

B)  “Should” is immediate and mandatory.
SUMMER ‘94 (Justice, Oklahoma City Supreme Court, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CIteID= 20287#marker3fn14)
The legal question to be resolved by the court is whether the word “should
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. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882).  

C) Substantial requires that the increase be definite and immediate
Words and Phrases 64, (40 WandP 759)
The words “outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive
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or pertaining to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive.

(D)Substantially is without material qualification
Black’s Law Dictionary 1991
p. 1024
Substantially - means essentially; without material qualification.

2 – Prefer our interpretation – any severance or intrinsic permutation is illigitimate

A) Ground – stable immediate enactment without additions are critical to ensure that the negative has stable ground
B) Makes debate impossible – the affirmative is the locus of the debate without a stable affirmative by which to launch arguments debate becomes impossible

3 – This means they still link to our disads –
A) Funding – the plan must be immediately funded – this ensures that the President gets involved and there is a debate
B) Immediate Implementation – they must defend that the public immediately sees the plan
C) Political Trade-off within QED – a QED allows the p

A2: Delay
Released after election; means even if plan isn’t passed right away the public and different public and private organizations are made aware of the issues outlined in the aff
QER would provide guidance on next years budget
-Begin roadmapping process
-Start immediately
-provide congress with guidance for next years budget; better solvency
PCAST 10 – the group that made up the QER (Co-Chair, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 10 N OV E M B E R 2 0 10, R EPORT TO THE PR ESIDENT ON ACCELER ATING THE PACE OF CH ANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGR ATED FEDER AL ENERGY POLICY, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf)
The preparation of the first DOE­QER should be started immediately with a completion
AND
, the QER and DOE­QER would be on the quadrennial schedule.

Elections – No Link

QER creates Bipartisanship by seeking funding OUTSIDE the appropriations process – aff can’t permute this – solves the link to politics – and proves they will say yes

Moniz 11 (http://web.mit.edu/mitei/views/testimony/111115-quadrennial-energy-and-technology-reviews.html, Quadrennial Energy and Technology Reviews)

Here it is important to repeat the PCAST report call for substantially higher levels of
AND
design can be quite different for substantially different anticipated funding levels and mechanisms.
QER is bipartisan – neither side could claim credit for the process

Coons 11 (October 13, Senator Coons calls for coordinated national energy review, http://www.coons.senate.gov/newsroom/releases/release/senator-coons-calls-for-coordinated-national-energy-review)

U.S. Senator Chris Coons (D-Del.), a member of
AND
,” said Robert Walther, Senior Energy Advisor of the Third Way Organization.

Stopping Obama from pursuing biofuels will save him from the election

Cardwell ’12 (Diane, 8/27/12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/28/business/military-spending-on-biofuels-draws-fire.html?pagewanted=all)

In Congress, there is little apparent opposition to the overall military push toward renewable
AND
on using more clean energy would not be a priority in his administration. 

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC

Warming Frontline

Turn – Aff increases warming
A) Earthquakes – Injection of CO2 causes – this results in leaks from sequestration

Ryan 12 (Future of Coal has an Unexpected New Threat: Induced Seismicity, 6/21/12, Margaret, http://energy.aol.com/2012/06/21/future-of-coal-has-an-unexpected-new-threat-induced-seismicity/)

The potential for underground injections to cause earthquakes was thought to be a problem for
AND
effects, to minimize the potential for future energy activity to induce tremors.

B) More oil means more CO2

Dooley Et al 10 (CO2-driven Enhanced Oil Recovery as a Stepping Stone to What? JJ Dooley RT Dahowski CL Davidson July 2010, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, http://mitei.mit.edu/system/files/110510_EOR_Report_1.pdf Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

As noted above to many, CO2-EOR looks just like CCS but in
AND
world without stringent GHG emissions constraints will certainly lead to increased GHG emissions.

C) Climate skepticism – promoting faith in CCS undermines credibility to solve climate problems globally

McKillop 12 ¬ - Former chief policy analyst, Division A Policy, DG XVII Energy, European Commission, (Andrew, March 22, 2012, “The Crazy World Of Smart Grids And Carbon Capture,” http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article33730.html)JCP

While the oil-… ause their costs will be astronomic.

D) ANY Leak amount is enough—buildup of pressure in the pipelines fractures the rock, allowing CO2 to escape - 

Romm 10 – Senior Fellow at American Progress and Ph.D. in physics from MIT (Joe, “New study finds geologic sequestration ‘is not a practical means to provide any substantive reduction in CO2 emissions’” Center for American Progress April 27 2010 http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2010/04/27/205870/ccs-stunner-new-study-finds-geologic-sequestration-is-not-a-practical-means-to-provide-any-substantive-reduction-in-co2-emissions/) MLR

But any significant amount of leakage would render CCS pointless. The UK Guardian‘
AND
CO2 emissions, although it has been repeatedly presented as such by others.” 

Turn – Coal
A) Plan is a PR move to save coal
Tady 7 - national political reporter
Megan, “Carbon Capture: Miracle Cure for Global Warming, or Deadly Liability?,” Alternet, http://www.alternet.org/environment/68490/?page=4

But to others, CCS is a bridge that should never be built because of
AND
-fired power stations that shouldn't have been built in the first place."

B) Big internal link to warming
Claussen 12 – President of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions Eileen Claussen (Former Director of the Office of Atmospheric Programs @ EPA %26 Former Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs), "Speech: Utilizing CCS to Reduce Emissions," Keynote speech at the 11th Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1, 2012 http://www.c2es.org/newsroom/speeches/claussen-carbon-capture-sequestration

The proposed GHG rules make it official: In order to keep coal’s share of
AND
Worldwide, 43 percent of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion come from coal.
Turn Renewables – 

US is leading the clean-tech race causing global renewables now due to venture capital

Swartz 11
Jon, May, “Big companies aggressively jump into clean tech,” http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2011-05-25-green-tech-investing_n.htm

A few years ago, investing in green technology companies in Silicon Valley was as
AND
creates a huge, transformational picture" in energy use, he says.

Plan Trades off with venture capital
Mills 11 - *MSc in Geological Sciences @ Cambridge
Robin, “Capturing Carbon: The New Weapon in the War Against Climate Change,” Google Book

Universities, professional training and … million might be enough to get to a prototype.137

2NC

Extend CCS hurts GHG
Turn – Aff increases warming
Extend Ryan - Earthquakes – Injection of CO2 causes – this results in leaks from sequestration- CCS would create cracks in the underground reservoirs.

Ryan 12 (Future of Coal has an Unexpected New Threat: Induced Seismicity, 6/21/12, Margaret, http://energy.aol.com/2012/06/21/future-of-coal-has-an-unexpected-new-threat-induced-seismicity/)

The potential ….effects, to minimize the potential for future energy activity to induce tremors.

More oil means more CO2 – Even if it reduces emission the resolt of cracks doubles the GHG AND  CCS would expand usse of unconventional hydrocarbon resources which increase CO2 – Dooley 10

EXTEND - ANY Leak amount is enough—buildup of pressure in the pipelines fractures the rock, allowing CO2 to escape - 

Romm 10 – Senior Fellow at American Progress and Ph.D. in physics from MIT (Joe, “New study finds geologic sequestration ‘is not a practical means to provide any substantive reduction in CO2 emissions’” Center for American Progress April 27 2010 http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2010/04/27/205870/ccs-stunner-new-study-finds-geologic-sequestration-is-not-a-practical-means-to-provide-any-substantive-reduction-in-co2-emissions/) MLR

But any significant amount of leakage would render CCS pointless. The UK Guardian‘
AND
CO2 emissions, although it has been repeatedly presented as such by others.” 

Earthquakes would happen—releases CO2 back into the atmosphere – 

Bruggers 12 – The Courier-Journal James, July 8, 2012, “Deep trouble? Carbon dioxide capture and storage may cause quakes,” http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20120708/NEWS01/307080002/Deep-trouble-Carbon-dioxide-capture-storage-may-cause-quakes

But some scientists are raising new concerns that storing carbon dioxide hundreds to thousands of
AND
and leaks have put advocates of carbon capture and storage on the defensive.
Plan massively increases CO2 emissions
Romm 7 (Rule Four of Offsets: No Enhanced Oil Recovery, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2007/08/23/201801/rule-four-of-offsets-no-enhanced-oil-recovery/) 

Capturing CO2 and injecting it into a well to squeeze more oil out of the
AND
then charging the public for offsets that are essentially subsidies of oil production. 

Commerce stops EOR from turning into mitigation strategy
Gunther 12 (Marc, “Direct Air carbon capture: Oil’s answer to fracking? http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2012/03/12/direct-air-carbon-capture-oil-answer-fracking) 

Environmentalists still need some convincing. David Hawkins, the veteran climate campaigner with the
AND
It’s a promising technology,” Hamburg acknowledged. “But promising for what?”

Coal
Turn – Coal
A) EXTEND Plan is a PR move to save coal -
Tady 7 - national political reporter
Megan, “Carbon Capture: Miracle Cure for Global Warming, or Deadly Liability?,” Alternet, http://www.alternet.org/environment/68490/?page=4

But to others, CCS is a bridge that should never be built because of
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-fired power stations that shouldn't have been built in the first place."

B) EXTEND Big internal link to warming
Claussen 12 – President of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions Eileen Claussen (Former Director of the Office of Atmospheric Programs @ EPA %26 Former Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs), "Speech: Utilizing CCS to Reduce Emissions," Keynote speech at the 11th Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1, 2012 http://www.c2es.org/newsroom/speeches/claussen-carbon-capture-sequestration

The proposed GHG rules make it official: In order to keep coal’s share of
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Worldwide, 43 percent of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion come from coal.
Ext to Plan helps Coal

Plan will be used as a PR campaign – more coal plants will be built EVEN IF CCS never works

Sorensen 10
Brenda, “An Illusion Called the Carbon Capture and Storage,” IDN, http://www.indepthnews.net/news/news.php?key1=2010-06-02%2016:05:12andkey2=1

Palle Bendsen said: "Financing CCS is doomed to be a huge misuse of
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high emissions, and we must increase energy efficiency," Palle Bendsen added.

Plan increases resources consumption of fossil fuels

Rochon et al 08 Peer Reviewed, Greenpeace International: Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace, Authors include: Dr Erika Bjureby, Dr Paul Johnston, Robin Oakley, Dr David Santillo, Nina Schulz, Dr Gabriela von Goerne (Emily, May 2008, “False Hope: Why carbon capture and storage won’t save the climate,” http://www.probeinternational.org/False%20Hope%20~-~-%20Why%20carbon%20capture%20and%20storage%20won%92t%20save%20the%20climate.pdf)//DR. H

Relying on CCS to mitigate CO2 emissions means accepting a 10-40% energy penalty at the power station, depending on the type of technology used.91 An energy penalty of just 20% would require the construction of an additional power station for every four of the same size built with CCS, to maintain the same net output before the CCS was fitted.92
These reductions in efficiency will require more coal to be mined, transported and burned
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, including habitat destruction, damage to rivers and waterways and air pollution.
Power station efficiency losses would be most pronounced when capture systems are retrofitted to existing
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of existing coal power stations are unlikely ever to be retrofitted for capture.
The decision on whether or not to retrofit also hinges on a power station’s proximity
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carbon captured and will continue to pollute unabated until they are closed down.
CCS not only cuts energy efficiency but also increases resource consumption. A study by
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of the last 50 years and increase resource consumption by one third.97
Greater energy efficiency is half of the solution to tackling the climate crisis. Employing a technology that reduces the energy efficiency of coal-fired power plants will not bring about the sustainable energy future needed to protect the climate.

Failure to freeze production guarantees the worst impacts to warming
Heinberg, ‘9 (Richard, Senior Fellow of the Post Carbon Institute, faculty @ New College of California, Blackout: Coal, Climate, and the Last Energy Crisis, P. 117-8,  )

In April 2008, James E. Hansen, head of the NASA Goddard Institute
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increases based on a realistic consumption of oil, natural gas and coal. 

Turn Renewables – 

UQ
Extend Swartz – US leading on Clean Tech private companies are developing solar energy, wind, electic cars

Rapid innovation and investment in Green Technology are occurring now
AltEnergyMag ’12 (AltEnergyMag, Online News Source, Daily News Brief, “Renewable energy experiences explosive growth during first three years of Obama administration”, http://www.altenergymag.com/news/2012/04/03/renewable-energy-experiences-explosive-growth-during-first-three-years-of-obama-administration/24027, April 3, 2012)

Renewables Expand 27% Since 2008 Now 12% Of Domestic Energy Production Electrical Generation
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the short-sightedness of emerging proposals to slash or discontinue such support." 

2nc Renewables Link Wall
EOR funding trades off with renewables

Tady 7 - national political reporter
Megan, “Carbon Capture: Miracle Cure for Global Warming, or Deadly Liability?,” Alternet, http://www.alternet.org/environment/68490/?page=4

Critics of CCS say the high cost of CCS technology could make electricity more expensive
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national electricity grid so they work best for renewable energy," Kill said.

No spillover of Oil EOR to broader CCS

A) COST – it’s 1.5 billion to convert a coal plant

Wynn 9/20
(Nuclear phase-out risks carbon emissions increase, Gerard, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/nuclear-phaseout-risks-carbon-emissions-increase-20120920-267nt.html)

The European Commission said last December that all fossil fuel power plants should be fitted
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, most of which are only aspirational and therefore politically feasible to downgrade.
READ
Regulatory Barriers

Dooley Et al 10 (CO2-driven Enhanced Oil Recovery as a Stepping Stone to What? JJ Dooley RT Dahowski CL Davidson July 2010, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, http://mitei.mit.edu/system/files/110510_EOR_Report_1.pdf Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

This paper draws heavily on the authors’ previously published research to explore the extent to
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towards the commercial deployment of CCS as a means of addressing climate change.

B) Can’t solve offshore now – need developments

Haszeldine 9 – Scottish Power Professor of Carbon Capture and Storage at the University of Edinburgh School of GeoSciences (R. Stuart, 9/25/09, “Carbon Capture and Storage: How Green Can Black Be?” Science, Volume 325, Number 5948, pp. 1647-1652, http://www.roberts.cmc.edu/159/2010/2010pdfs/5.%20Feb%204%202010.pdf)

Injection into depleted oil fields can also be difficult because in many fields, water
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guaranteed availability of CO2 are requirements for North Sea EOR viability (18).

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC

US-China competition is inevitable:
China’s encroaching on US markets -
Bremmer 4/1/11 (Ian and Evan, “Watch out foor Rising US-China Competition”) http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2011/04/watch_out_for_rising_us-china.html
Conventional wisdom says that when it comes to U.S.-China relations,
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(but cheaper) products, foreign companies in China will be marginalized.

SQUO Solves Cooperation –
a) Duke energy agreement
Bloomberg News 3/27/12 (“China Shows US How to Push for Carbon Capture”) http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-27/china-shows-u-s-how-to-push-for-carbon-capture.html
Meanwhile, in China, carbon capture marches steadfastly ahead, as an article in
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technology, and how much is attributable to lower labor and capital costs.

b) Future Gen cooperation
Logan 7 (Logan et al. 07 – Senior associate @ World Resources Institute Logan, Joanna Lewis (Senior international fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change), and Michael B. Cummings (JD candidate @ Georgetown University and former Business/Solutions Fellow @ Pew Center on Global Climate Change), "For China, the shift to climate-friendly energy depends on international collaboration," Boston Review, January/February 2007, pg)
Once more, international partnerships can help. A new … integrated sequestration and hydrogen production research power plant.

 
No risk of conflict in the South China sea
Lai 7 (Hongyi Harry, “China’s Oil Diplomacy: Is It A Global Security Threat” Third World Quarterly, Vol 28 No 3 2007)
Fourth, the security of sea-lanes. It has been feared that China
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protection to ensure the safety of its sea-lanes for oil. 54
 
No Senkaku war – Japan won’t engage in a conflict
Khan 9/25/12 (Shamshad, Institute for Defense Studies and Analysis,  “Japan’s Nationalistation of Senkaku: Internal and External Determinants”)
It is being argued by China that Japan, in the near future, would
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$ 25.95 million) to the owner and clinched the deal.

No risk of a war – China doesn’t have the naval power to stretch that far
Park 10/1/12 (Sungtae, Security Policy Studies @ GWU, Also written articles for the CSIS, “Limits of China-Japan Tension Over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands”)
There are also logistical reasons why a war over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands is
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it would turn into a general war or escalate to a nuclear conflict.

No risk of draw in – Panetta has mitigated the conflict
Harner 9/23/12  (Stephen, “Is the US Commiteed to Defend the Senkakus? Text of Article 5 of the US-Japan Treaty”)
If–as is implied by the NHK report–Japan thinks that Article 5
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China, but also the intensions of its ally, the United States.

Costs are too high –
Park 10/1/12 (Sungtae, Security Policy Studies @ GWU, Also written articles for the CSIS, “Limits of China-Japan Tension Over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands”)
There is a growing fear among many Asia observers and pundits that the on-
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of a war would be astronomical and understand that victory is no certainty.
 

2NC

AT: Senkaku – Ext. No Japan War 

No war – pacifism in Japanese society constrains the impact
Park 10/1/12 (Sungtae, Security Policy Studies @ GWU, Also written articles for the CSIS, “Limits of China-Japan Tension Over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands”)
Despite constitutional constraints, Japan's military has continued to evolve over the past half century
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restraint over the entire situation by taking the islands out of private hands.

No risk of war – Japan isn’t looking to get involved in a conflict
*ALSO SAYS THE US WON’T GET DRAWN IN
Khan 9/25/12 (Shamshad, Institute for Defense Studies and Analysis,  “Japan’s Nationalistation of Senkaku: Internal and External Determinants”)
Realising the sensitivity of this issue and apprehending a strong reaction from Beijing after the
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Panetta’s message that the United States takes no side on this territorial dispute.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Racism was create to protect the labor production of chattel slavery – it was manufactured by elites as a means of protecting their interests – anti-racism strategies are co-opted and divide resistance – universal consciousness is key

Alexander 10 (The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness

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clerk for Justice Harry org/wiki/Harry_Blackmun at the U. S. Supreme )

The concept of race is a relatively recent development. Only in the past few

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, and justice for all. Before democracy, chattel slavery was born.

A few hundred years later the Populist movement offered a chance to end racialized violence by uniting poor and working class whites and blacks – once again the corporate elite mitigated the threat of revolt against the rigid and oppressive class structures by fomenting racial tension through segregation laws – they made us think race was the problem when really it was class 

Alexander 10 (The new Jim Crow: mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness

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clerk for Justice Harry org/wiki/Harry_Blackmun at the U. S. Supreme )

Three alternative philosophies of race relations were put forward to compete for the region’s support

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that disenfranchised blacks and discriminated against them in virtually every sphere of life,