Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Advantage 1 is Nuclear Industry

The nuclear industry is dying now- this makes warming inevitable

Tat ’12 (Chee Hong Tat, Chief Executive, Energy Market Authority of Singapore, “Singapore International Market Week Publication”, “SECURING OUR ENERGY FUTURE APRIL 2012”, LEQ)

Nuclear Faces The Long Road Back For the …public acceptance will be crucial to the future of nuclear energy.

SMR’s are the vital internal link into jump-starting the industry- DOD solves stigma and market barriers

Loudermilk and Andres ’10 (Richard B. Andres is a Senior Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University and a Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Micah J. Loudermilk is a researcher at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, “Small Reactors and the Military's Role in Securing America's Nuclear Industry”, http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/100823646-small-reactors-and-the-militar.htm, April 23, 2010, LEQ)

Faced with the dual-obstacles of growing worldwide energy demand and a renewed … initiated by the military presents a realistic route by which their adoption can be achieved.

SMR’s kick-start a global nuclear revival- only nuclear energy solves global warming

Loudermilk ’11 (Micah K. Loudermilk, Contributor Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, contracted through ASE Inc, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs”, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375, May 31, 2011, LEQ)

Economies of Scale Reversed? Safety aside, one of the biggest issues associated … and may create the inroads necessary to advance the technology broadly and eventually lead to their wide-scale adoption.

And SMR’s alone are sufficient to solve emissions- global spillover

Rosner, Goldberg, and Hezir ’11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., Many people have made generous and valuable contributions to this study. Professor Geoff Rothwell, Stanford University, provided the study team with the core and supplemental analyses and very timely and pragmatic advice. Dr. J’Tia Taylor, Argonne National Laboratory, supported Dr. Rothwell in these analyses. Deserving special mention is Allen Sanderson of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago, who provided insightful comments and suggested improvements to the study. Constructive suggestions have been received from Dr. Pete Lyons, DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; Dr. Pete Miller, former DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; John Kelly, DOE Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies; Matt Crozat, DOE Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy; Vic Reis, DOE Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for Science; and Craig Welling, DOE Deputy Office Director, Advanced Reactor Concepts Office, as well as Tim Beville and the staff of DOE’s Advanced Reactor Concepts Office. The study team also would like to acknowledge the comments and useful suggestions the study team received during the peer review process from the nuclear industry, the utility sector, and the financial sector. Reviewers included the following: Rich Singer, VP Fuels, Emissions, and Transportation, MidAmerican Energy Co.; Jeff Kaman, Energy Manager, John Deere; Dorothy R. Davidson, VP Strategic Programs, AREVA; T. J. Kim, Director—Regulatory Affairs and Licensing, Generation mPower, Babcock and Wilcox; Amir Shahkarami, Senior Vice President, Generation, Exelon Corp.; Michael G. Anness, Small Modular Reactor Product Manager, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Matthew H. Kelley and Clark Mykoff, Decision Analysis, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; George A. Davis, Manager, New Plant Government Programs, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Christofer Mowry, President, Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc.; Ellen Lapson, Managing Director, Fitch Ratings; Stephen A. Byrne, Executive Vice President, Generation and Transmission Chief Operating Officer, South Carolina Electric and Gas Company; Paul Longsworth, Vice President, New Ventures, Fluor; Ted Feigenbaum, Project Director, Bechtel Corp.; Kennette Benedict, Executive Director, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist; Bruce Landrey, CMO, NuScale; Dick Sandvik, NuScale; and Andrea Sterdis, Senior Manager of Strategic Nuclear Expansion, Tennessee Valley Authority. The authors especially would like to acknowledge the discerning comments from Marilyn Kray, Vice-President at Exelon, throughout the course of the study, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power”, http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf, November 2011, LEQ)

As stated earlier, SMRs have the potential to achieve significant …suppliers in France, Japan, Korea, Russia, and, now rapidly emerging, China.

It’s real and human-induced

-now is key

-AR4 = IPCC

Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD

Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis

1n early 2007, at the time of the publication of WG1 of … within the next five to ten years, reaching near zero well within this century.

Extinction- we’re on the tipping point

Dyer ‘12 -- London-based independent journalist, PhD from King's College London, citing UC Berkeley scientists (Gwynne, "Tick, tock to mass extinction date," The Press, 6-19-12, l/n, accessed 8-15-12, mss)

Meanwhile, a team of respected scientists warn that life on … dwelling species. This has happened many times in the Earth's history.

Extinction will be rapid and quick

Light 12 (Malcolm, PhD, University of London – Earth science and climate consultant, “Global Extinction within one Human Lifetime as a Result of a Spreading Atmospheric Arctic Methane Heat wave and Surface Firestorm,” http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/global-extinction-within-one-human.html)

Although the sudden high rate Arctic methane increase at Svalbard … catastrophic heating effects of the fast building atmospheric methane concentration.

Advantage 2 is Military Capabilities

Small Modular Reactors are key to sustain US warfighting capabilities- two internal links

First is reliance on the grid

SMR’s are key to military bases from the grid- blackouts will collapse the military and space systems

Loudermilk ’11 (Micah J. Loudermilk, Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors: Enabling Energy Security for Warfighters”, March 27, 2011, LEQ)

Last month, the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University released a report entitled Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications. Authored by Dr. Richard Andres of the National War College and Hanna Breetz from Harvard University, the paper analyzes the potential for the Department of Defense to incorporate small reactor technology on its domestic military bases and in forward operating locations. According to Andres and Breetz, the reactors have the ability to solve two critical vulnerabilities in the military's mission: the dependence of domestic bases on the civilian electrical grid and the challenge of supplying ample fuel to troops in the field. Though considerable obstacles would accompany such a move -- which the authors openly admit -- the benefits are significant enough to make the idea merit serious consideration. At its heart, a …locations, reducing the associated fears that would surely arise from the distribution of reactors across the country.

Space systems are key to hegemony

Imburgia ‘11 (Lt. Col. and Judge Advocate in Air Force, Joseph S. Imburgia, J.D., University of Tennessee College of Law (2002); LL.M., The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School, U.S. Army, Charlottesville, Va. (2009)), a Judge Advocate in the United States Air Force and is presently assigned as a legal exchange officer to the Directorate of Operations and International Law, Defence Legal, Australian Defence Force, Canberra, Australia, 2011, “Space Debris and Its Threat to National Security: A Proposal for a Binding International Agreement to Clean Up the Junk,” Scholar)

These gloomy prognostications about the threats … national security and economic well-being, the preservation of these space capabilities should also be vital

The second internal link is operational vulnerability-

Oil dependency on bases is an Achilles Heel - SMR’s are key to fuel military endeavors

Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents a second serious …a target for enemy action, using small reactors at forward locations has the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives.

This risks disrupting hegemony and military capabilities

Voth ’12 (Jeffrey M. Voth is the president of Herren Associates leading a team of consultants advising the federal government on issues of national security, energy and environment, health care and critical information technology infrastructure, George Washing University Homeland Security Policy Institute, “In Defense of Energy – A Call to Action”, http://securitydebrief.com/2012/04/11/in-defense-of-energy-a-call-to-action/, April 11, 2012, LEQ)

Last month, the Pentagon released its widely anticipated roadmap to … improving our energy security, we are not merely standing still as a military or as a nation, we are falling behind.”

-           

Oil dependency wrecks the DOD’s budget- spills over into other projects

Freed ’12 (Josh Freed, Vice President for Clean Energy, Third Way, “Improving capability, protecting budget”, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php, May 21, 2012, LEQ)

As Third Way explains in a digest being released this week by … alternative energy makes our military stronger. That’s why the Pentagon has decided to invest in these efforts. End of story.

Hegemony solves nuclear war

Kagan 12, Robert, senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution [“Why the World Needs America,” February 11^th, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213262856669448.html]

With the outbreak of World War I, the age of settled peace and advancing liberalism—of European civilization … but chaos and catastrophe—which is what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.

Social science proves unipolarity generates stability

Wohlforth 09 – professor of government at Dartmouth (William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War,” World Affairs, January, project muse

The upshot is a near scholarly consensus that unpolarity’s consequences for great power conflict … evidence concerning the major powers’ identity politics and grand strategies under unipolarity are consistent with the theory’s expectations.

Plan

Plan: The Department of Defense should initiate power-purchase agreements of Small Modular Reactors in the United States.

Last is Solvency

DOD is key—power purchase agreements solve the industry

Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

DoD as first Mover Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of …available in the future, then it should pursue a leader- ship role now.

DOD implementation is vital to get optimal capabilities

Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

Technological Lock-in. A second risk is that if small … effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory.

DOD purchasing agreements are key to just-start the industry and determining optimal configurations

Madia ’12 (William Madia, Stanford Energy Journal, Dr. Madia serves as Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University.  Previously, he was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2000-2004 and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory from 1994-1999., “SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY”, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Small_Modular_Reactors_by_William_Madia, Spring 2012, LEQ)

There is a new type of nuclear power plant (NPP) under … sheets of most utilities, we must consider SMRs as a key component of our national energy strategy.

And a purchase-power agreement solves best- it incentivizes private market action while reducing overhead cost of electricity– creates a win/win market

Rosner, Goldberg, and Hezir ’11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., Many people have made generous and valuable contributions to this study. Professor Geoff Rothwell, Stanford University, provided the study team with the core and supplemental analyses and very timely and pragmatic advice. Dr. J’Tia Taylor, Argonne National Laboratory, supported Dr. Rothwell in these analyses. Deserving special mention is Allen Sanderson of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago, who provided insightful comments and suggested improvements to the study. Constructive suggestions have been received from Dr. Pete Lyons, DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; Dr. Pete Miller, former DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; John Kelly, DOE Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies; Matt Crozat, DOE Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy; Vic Reis, DOE Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for Science; and Craig Welling, DOE Deputy Office Director, Advanced Reactor Concepts Office, as well as Tim Beville and the staff of DOE’s Advanced Reactor Concepts Office. The study team also would like to acknowledge the comments and useful suggestions the study team received during the peer review process from the nuclear industry, the utility sector, and the financial sector. Reviewers included the following: Rich Singer, VP Fuels, Emissions, and Transportation, MidAmerican Energy Co.; Jeff Kaman, Energy Manager, John Deere; Dorothy R. Davidson, VP Strategic Programs, AREVA; T. J. Kim, Director—Regulatory Affairs and Licensing, Generation mPower, Babcock and Wilcox; Amir Shahkarami, Senior Vice President, Generation, Exelon Corp.; Michael G. Anness, Small Modular Reactor Product Manager, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Matthew H. Kelley and Clark Mykoff, Decision Analysis, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; George A. Davis, Manager, New Plant Government Programs, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Christofer Mowry, President, Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc.; Ellen Lapson, Managing Director, Fitch Ratings; Stephen A. Byrne, Executive Vice President, Generation and Transmission Chief Operating Officer, South Carolina Electric and Gas Company; Paul Longsworth, Vice President, New Ventures, Fluor; Ted Feigenbaum, Project Director, Bechtel Corp.; Kennette Benedict, Executive Director, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist; Bruce Landrey, CMO, NuScale; Dick Sandvik, NuScale; and Andrea Sterdis, Senior Manager of Strategic Nuclear Expansion, Tennessee Valley Authority. The authors especially would like to acknowledge the discerning comments from Marilyn Kray, Vice-President at Exelon, throughout the course of the study, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power”, http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf, November 2011, LEQ)

6.2 GOVERNMENT SPONSORSHIP OF MARKET TRANSFORMATION INCENTIVES Similar to other … in E.O. 13514, can surmount these challenges and provide critical initial markets for SMR plants.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan
Plan: The Department of Defense should initiate power-purchase agreements of Small Modular Reactors in the United States.
 
Advantage 1 is Nuclear Industry
Coal is increasing globally now- only nuclear solves warming
Tat ‘12 (Chee Hong Tat, Chief Executive, Energy Market Authority of Singapore, “Singapore International Market Week Publication”, “SECURING OUR ENERGY FUTURE APRIL 2012”, LEQ)

Nuclear Faces The Long Road Back For the nuclear industry, recovery will depend on turning … nuclear power to decline in importance as other parts of the business grow more rapidly. 

SMR’s are the vital internal link into jump-starting the industry- DOD solves stigma and market barriers
Loudermilk and Andres ’10 (Richard B. Andres is a Senior Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University and a Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Micah J. Loudermilk is a researcher at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, “Small Reactors and the Military's Role in Securing America's Nuclear Industry”, http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/100823646-small-reactors-and-the-militar.htm, April 23, 2010, LEQ)

Faced with the dual-obstacles of growing worldwide energy demand and a renewed push … initiated by the military presents a realistic route by which their adoption can be achieved.
 
Other countries model our technology- global demonstration
Traub 12/14 (James, fellow of the Centre on International Cooperation. He writes Terms of Engagement for Foreign Policy,” “Transforming the future lies in our hands,” http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/transforming-the-future-lies-in-our-hands-1.1118704, December 14, 2012)

Despite President Barack Obama’s vow, in his first post-reelection … Obama does not have to do the impossible. He must, however, do the possible.

It’s real and human-induced
-now is key
-AR4 = IPCC
Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD
Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis
1n early 2007, at the time of the publication of … the next five to ten years, reaching near zero well within this century.

Extinction- we’re on the tipping point
Dyer ‘12 -- London-based independent journalist, PhD from King's College London, citing UC Berkeley scientists (Gwynne, "Tick, tock to mass extinction date," The Press, 6-19-12, l/n, accessed 8-15-12, mss)

Meanwhile, a team of respected scientists warn that life on … land- dwelling species. This has happened many times in the Earth's history.

 
Extinction will be rapid and quick
Light 12 (Malcolm, PhD, University of London – Earth science and climate consultant, “Global Extinction within one Human Lifetime as a Result of a Spreading Atmospheric Arctic Methane Heat wave and Surface Firestorm,” http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/global-extinction-within-one-human.html)
Although the sudden high rate Arctic methane increase at Svalbard in … of the fast building atmospheric methane concentration.

Advantage 2 is Military Capabilities
Small Modular Reactors are key to sustain US warfighting capabilities- two internal links
First is reliance on the grid
SMR’s are key to military bases from the grid- blackouts will collapse the military and space systems
Loudermilk ’11 (Micah J. Loudermilk, Micah J. Loudermilk is a Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors: Enabling Energy Security for Warfighters”, March 27, 2011, LEQ)

Last month, the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense … the distribution of reactors across the country. 

Space systems are key to hegemony
Imburgia ‘11 (Lt. Col. and Judge Advocate in Air Force, Joseph S. Imburgia, J.D., University of Tennessee College of Law (2002); LL.M., The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School, U.S. Army, Charlottesville, Va. (2009)), a Judge Advocate in the United States Air Force and is presently assigned as a legal exchange officer to the Directorate of Operations and International Law, Defence Legal, Australian Defence Force, Canberra, Australia, 2011, “Space Debris and Its Threat to National Security: A Proposal for a Binding International Agreement to Clean Up the Junk,” Scholar)

These gloomy prognostications about the threats … well-being, the preservation of these space capabilities should also be vital
The second internal link is operational vulnerability-
Oil dependency on bases is an Achilles Heel - SMR’s are key to fuel military endeavors
Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

Operational Vulnerability. Operational energy use represents …reactors at forward locations has the potential to save hundreds or thousands of U.S. lives. 

 
This risks disrupting hegemony and military capabilities
Voth ’12 (Jeffrey M. Voth is the president of Herren Associates leading a team of consultants advising the federal government on issues of national security, energy and environment, health care and critical information technology infrastructure, George Washing University Homeland Security Policy Institute, “In Defense of Energy – A Call to Action”, http://securitydebrief.com/2012/04/11/in-defense-of-energy-a-call-to-action/, April 11, 2012, LEQ)

Last month, the Pentagon released its widely anticipated roadmap to transform … merely standing still as a military or as a nation, we are falling behind.”
 
Oil dependency wrecks the DOD’s budget- spills over into other projects
Freed ’12 (Josh Freed, Vice President for Clean Energy, Third Way, “Improving capability, protecting budget”, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/05/powering-our-military-whats-th.php, May 21, 2012, LEQ)

As Third Way explains in a digest being released this week by ... That’s why the Pentagon has decided to invest in these efforts. End of story.
 
Hegemony solves nuclear war
Kagan 12, Robert, senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution “Why the World Needs America,” February 11th, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213262856669448.html
With the outbreak of World War I, the age of settled peace and … not peace and harmony but chaos and catastrophe—which is what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.

Social science proves unipolarity generates stability
Wohlforth 09 – professor of government at Dartmouth (William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War,” World Affairs, January, project muse
The upshot is a near scholarly consensus that unpolarity’s consequences for great … showing that observable evidence concerning the major powers’ identity politics and grand strategies under unipolarity are consistent with the theory’s expectations. 

Longitudinal empirical analysis supports our impacts
Drezner 5 – Professor of IR @ Tufts
Daniel, Gregg Easterbrook, Associate Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, “War, and the dangers of extrapolation”
Daily explosions in Iraq, massacres in Sudan, the Koreas smakestaring at each other … prospect of U.S. intervention would be equally daunting.

Oil dependence leads to war
Collina 5  (Executive Director of 20-20 Vision, Tom Z. Collina, Executive Director of 20-20Vision; testimony in front of Committee on Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs United States Senate “Oil Dependence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Real Dangers, Realistic Solutions”. October 19, 2005 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/congress/2005_hr/051020-collina.pdf)

More conflicts in the Middle East America imports almost 60% of its oil today … that goal by reducing our dependence on oil.

 
Last is Solvency

DOD is key—power purchase agreements solve the industry
Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

DoD as first Mover Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing … a leader- ship role now. 

DOD implementation is vital to get optimal capabilities
Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

Technological Lock-in. A second risk is that if small … the industry’s timeline and trajectory. 

 
DOD purchasing agreements are key to just-start the industry and determining optimal configurations
Madia ’12 (William Madia, Stanford Energy Journal, Dr. Madia serves as Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University.  Previously, he was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2000-2004 and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory from 1994-1999., “SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY”, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Small_Modular_Reactors_by_William_Madia, Spring 2012, LEQ)

There is a new type of nuclear power plant (NPP) under development … consider SMRs as a key component of our national energy strategy.

 
And a purchase-power agreement solves best- it incentivizes private market action while reducing overhead cost of electricity– creates a win/win market
Rosner, Goldberg, and Hezir ’11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., Many people have made generous and valuable contributions to this study. Professor Geoff Rothwell, Stanford University, provided the study team with the core and supplemental analyses and very timely and pragmatic advice. Dr. J’Tia Taylor, Argonne National Laboratory, supported Dr. Rothwell in these analyses. Deserving special mention is Allen Sanderson of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago, who provided insightful comments and suggested improvements to the study. Constructive suggestions have been received from Dr. Pete Lyons, DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; Dr. Pete Miller, former DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; John Kelly, DOE Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies; Matt Crozat, DOE Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy; Vic Reis, DOE Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for Science; and Craig Welling, DOE Deputy Office Director, Advanced Reactor Concepts Office, as well as Tim Beville and the staff of DOE’s Advanced Reactor Concepts Office. The study team also would like to acknowledge the comments and useful suggestions the study team received during the peer review process from the nuclear industry, the utility sector, and the financial sector. Reviewers included the following: Rich Singer, VP Fuels, Emissions, and Transportation, MidAmerican Energy Co.; Jeff Kaman, Energy Manager, John Deere; Dorothy R. Davidson, VP Strategic Programs, AREVA; T. J. Kim, Director—Regulatory Affairs and Licensing, Generation mPower, Babcock and Wilcox; Amir Shahkarami, Senior Vice President, Generation, Exelon Corp.; Michael G. Anness, Small Modular Reactor Product Manager, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Matthew H. Kelley and Clark Mykoff, Decision Analysis, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; George A. Davis, Manager, New Plant Government Programs, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Christofer Mowry, President, Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc.; Ellen Lapson, Managing Director, Fitch Ratings; Stephen A. Byrne, Executive Vice President, Generation and Transmission Chief Operating Officer, South Carolina Electric and Gas Company; Paul Longsworth, Vice President, New Ventures, Fluor; Ted Feigenbaum, Project Director, Bechtel Corp.; Kennette Benedict, Executive Director, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist; Bruce Landrey, CMO, NuScale; Dick Sandvik, NuScale; and Andrea Sterdis, Senior Manager of Strategic Nuclear Expansion, Tennessee Valley Authority. The authors especially would like to acknowledge the discerning comments from Marilyn Kray, Vice-President at Exelon, throughout the course of the study, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power”, http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf, November 2011, LEQ)

6.2 GOVERNMENT SPONSORSHIP OF MARKET TRANSFORMATION … surmount these challenges and provide critical initial markets for SMR plants.

DOD solves regulations
King et. al. ’11 (Marcus King , LaVar Huntzinger , Thoi Nguyen, CNA Think Tank, Environment and Energy Team, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations”, March 31, 2011, LEQ)
Certification and licensing issues The most basic licensing … that operated aboard the Sturgis barge in the 1960s and 1970s

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan
Plan: The Department of Defense should initiate power-purchase agreements of Small Modular Reactors in the United States.
 
Advantage 1 is Warming
Coal is increasing globally now- only nuclear solves warming
Tat ‘12 (Chee Hong Tat, Chief Executive, Energy Market Authority of Singapore, “Singapore International Market Week Publication”, “SECURING OUR ENERGY FUTURE APRIL 2012”, LEQ)

Nuclear Faces The Long Road Back For the nuclear industry, recovery will … nuclear power to decline in importance as other parts of the business grow more rapidly. 

SMR’s are the vital internal link into jump-starting the industry- DOD solves stigma and market barriers
Loudermilk and Andres ’10 (Richard B. Andres is a Senior Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University and a Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Micah J. Loudermilk is a researcher at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, “Small Reactors and the Military's Role in Securing America's Nuclear Industry”, http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/100823646-small-reactors-and-the-militar.htm, April 23, 2010, LEQ)

Faced with the dual-obstacles of growing worldwide energy demand and a renewed push for … to the United States and a path initiated by the military presents a realistic route by which their adoption can be achieved.
 
Other countries model our technology- global demonstration
Traub 12/14 (James, fellow of the Centre on International Cooperation. He writes Terms of Engagement for Foreign Policy,” “Transforming the future lies in our hands,” http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/transforming-the-future-lies-in-our-hands-1.1118704, December 14, 2012)

Despite President Barack Obama’s vow, in his first post-reelection …not have to do the impossible. He must, however, do the possible.

It’s real and human-induced
-now is key
-AR4 = IPCC
Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD
Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, “CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA'S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,” CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis
1n early 2007, at the time of the publication of WG1…ten years, reaching near zero well within this century.

Extinction- we’re on the tipping point
Dyer ‘12 -- London-based independent journalist, PhD from King's College London, citing UC Berkeley scientists (Gwynne, "Tick, tock to mass extinction date," The Press, 6-19-12, l/n, accessed 8-15-12, mss)

Meanwhile, a team of respected scientists warn that life on Earth may be on ….directly poison land- dwelling species. This has happened many times in the Earth's history.

 
Extinction will be rapid and quick
Light 12 (Malcolm, PhD, University of London – Earth science and climate consultant, “Global Extinction within one Human Lifetime as a Result of a Spreading Atmospheric Arctic Methane Heat wave and Surface Firestorm,” http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/global-extinction-within-one-human.html)
Although the sudden high rate Arctic methane increase at Svalbard in late … effects of the fast building atmospheric methane concentration.

 
Advantage 2 is Nuclear Expertise
DOD SMR are key to keeping nuclear expertise in the US – that boosts US nuclear labs
Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

DoD as first Mover Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy … a chance that the industry could be dominated by foreign companies.

Only an unconditional federal commitment sends the signal necessary to revitalize interest in nuclear engineering
Unistar ‘10 (January, This UniStar Issue Brief is a publication of UniStar Nuclear Energy, a joint venture of Constellation Energy and EDF Group, "Rebuilding the Nuclear Energy Workforce," http://www.unistarnuclear.com/IB/workforce.pdf)

The decades-long hiatus in construction of new … opportunities and also ensure that a trained workforce will be available to fill the demand.

Nuclear expertise is the biggest internal link to nuclear deterrence
Drell 9 (American theoretical physicist and arms control expert. He is a professor emeritus at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. Drell is a noted contributor in the field of quantum electrodynamics and particle physics. The Drell–Yan process is partially named after him. He was one of the winners of the 2000 Enrico Fermi Award. He can also make a mean tuna sandwich. Strategic Weapons in the 21st Century: Hedging Against Uncertainty January 29, 2009 “Forces, Infrastructure, Science and Technology: The Future of Stockpile Stewardship” http://www.lanl.gov/conferences/sw/2010/docs/stockpile_stewardship.pdf)

Since the end of the Cold War and up to the present, … health of this program that must be addressed as we look forward.
Loss of U.S. nuclear primacy causes global nuclear war
Caves ‘10 (John P, Senior Research Fellow in the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction at the National Defense University, January, Strategic Forum, No. 252, "Avoiding a Crisis of Confidence in the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent,")

Perceptions of a compromised US nuclear … nuclear-armed terrorists alone could inflict.

It’s reverse causal- continuous nuclear primacy stops conflict
Lieber and Press ‘9 (November-December 9 - Keir A. Lieber, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame, and Daryl G. Press, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, November-December 2009, “The Nukes We Need: Preserving the American Deterrent,” Foreign Affairs, p. 50-51)

A second criticism of the argument for retaining and … position abroad rests largely on a bluff.

Also- US nuclear expertise solves disease outbreaks
D'Agostino ‘10 (U.S. Under Secretary for Nuclear Security (Thomas, former Stockpile Stewardship Program director, "NNSA Administrator Addresses Next Generation of Computational Scientists," 6-22-10, www.nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/speeches/csgfremarks062210, accessed 9-4-12, mss)

Since I spoke to this group last summer, a lot has changed. I believe that the long-term …. solutions along with the rest of the Department. 
 
Disease leads to extinction
Greger ‘8 (M.D., is Director of Public Health and Animal Agriculture at The Humane Society of the United States (Michael Greger, , Bird Flu: A Virus of Our Own Hatching, http://birdflubook.com/a.php?id=111)

Senate Majority Leader Frist describes the recent slew of emerging diseases in almost biblical terms: “All of these new diseases …“might easily transmute into a tune whistled whilst passing a graveyard.”3154

Empirics go aff – disease can lead to extinction
Keirn ‘8 (Cciting PLOSONE study by Kelly B. Wyatt  - Biological Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America, Paula F. Campos and M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis and Rob DeSalle _{Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America Wayne H. Hynes, Biological Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America, Peter Daszak, Consortium for Conservation Medicine, Wildlife Trust, New York, New York, United States of America, Ross D. E. MacPhee and Alex D. Greenwood, Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America, (Brandon, November 5, “Disease Can Cause Extinction of Mammals” http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/11/yes-disease-can/)} 

Disease can drive a mammal species to extinction: this doesn’t …vulnerable because they lived on an island; but the Earth is an island, too.

Nuclear labs key to science diplomacy – solves war
Heckler ‘11 (CISC codirector and former LANL director (Sig, Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University, "Adventures in Scientific Nuclear Diplomacy," Physics Today, 64:7, July 2011, www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i7/p31_s1, accessed 9-16-12, mss)

Twenty years after I started lab-to-lab contacts, I believe … of the world to find other ways of solving the world’s problems.

Science diplomacy accesses every neg impact
Fedoroff ‘8 (Nina, Science and Technology Advisor to the Secretary of State, “Making Science Diplomacy more Effective”, Testimony before the House Science Subcommittee on Research and Science Education, 4-2, http://legislative.nasa.gov/hearings/4-2-08%20Fedoroff.pdf)

Science by its nature facilitates diplomacy because it strengthens …security, increase global partnerships, and create sustainability.

Also, it’s a conflict filter

Koppelman et al ‘10 (Ben, research officer at the foreign policy center, Natalie Day, Senior Researcher at Demos and Project Manager for The Atlas of Ideas, dr Neil Davison, senior policy adviser (security and diplomacy) in the Science Policy Centre at the Royal Society, Dr Tracey Elliott, Head of International, The Royal Society, Dr James Wilsdon, Director of the Science Policy Centre at the Royal Society, Professor Anthony Cheetham FRS, Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Professor Mohamed Hassan, President, Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, Dr Ragunath Mashelkar FRS, President, Global Research Alliance, Dr Jim McQuaid FREng, Former Chairman, Environmental Security Panel, NATO Science for Peace and Security Committee, Dr Vaughan Turekian, Director, Centre for Science Diplomacy, AAAS, USA “New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy,” January, the royal society)

Cooperation on the scientific aspects of sensitive issues may sometimes be the only way to ….offers useful networks and channels of communication that can be used to support wider policy goals. 

Last is Solvency

DOD is key—power purchase agreements solve the industry
Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

DoD as first Mover Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing … it should pursue a leader- ship role now.
DOD implementation is vital to get optimal capabilities
Andres and Breetz ‘11 (Richard B. Andres is professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Small Nuclear Reactors  for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications”, February 16, 2011, LEQ)

Technological Lock-in. A second risk is that if small reactors do… on the industry’s timeline and trajectory. 

 
DOD purchasing agreements are key to just-start the industry and determining optimal configurations
Madia ’12 (William Madia, Stanford Energy Journal, Dr. Madia serves as Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University.  Previously, he was the Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2000-2004 and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory from 1994-1999., “SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY”, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Small_Modular_Reactors_by_William_Madia, Spring 2012, LEQ)

There is a new type of nuclear power plant (NPP) under … SMRs as a key component of our national energy strategy.

 
And a purchase-power agreement solves best- it incentivizes private market action while reducing overhead cost of electricity– creates a win/win market
Rosner, Goldberg, and Hezir ’11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., Many people have made generous and valuable contributions to this study. Professor Geoff Rothwell, Stanford University, provided the study team with the core and supplemental analyses and very timely and pragmatic advice. Dr. J’Tia Taylor, Argonne National Laboratory, supported Dr. Rothwell in these analyses. Deserving special mention is Allen Sanderson of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago, who provided insightful comments and suggested improvements to the study. Constructive suggestions have been received from Dr. Pete Lyons, DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; Dr. Pete Miller, former DOE Assistant Secretary of Nuclear Energy; John Kelly, DOE Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies; Matt Crozat, DOE Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy; Vic Reis, DOE Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary for Science; and Craig Welling, DOE Deputy Office Director, Advanced Reactor Concepts Office, as well as Tim Beville and the staff of DOE’s Advanced Reactor Concepts Office. The study team also would like to acknowledge the comments and useful suggestions the study team received during the peer review process from the nuclear industry, the utility sector, and the financial sector. Reviewers included the following: Rich Singer, VP Fuels, Emissions, and Transportation, MidAmerican Energy Co.; Jeff Kaman, Energy Manager, John Deere; Dorothy R. Davidson, VP Strategic Programs, AREVA; T. J. Kim, Director—Regulatory Affairs and Licensing, Generation mPower, Babcock and Wilcox; Amir Shahkarami, Senior Vice President, Generation, Exelon Corp.; Michael G. Anness, Small Modular Reactor Product Manager, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Matthew H. Kelley and Clark Mykoff, Decision Analysis, Research and Technology, Westinghouse Electric Co.; George A. Davis, Manager, New Plant Government Programs, Westinghouse Electric Co.; Christofer Mowry, President, Babcock and Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc.; Ellen Lapson, Managing Director, Fitch Ratings; Stephen A. Byrne, Executive Vice President, Generation and Transmission Chief Operating Officer, South Carolina Electric and Gas Company; Paul Longsworth, Vice President, New Ventures, Fluor; Ted Feigenbaum, Project Director, Bechtel Corp.; Kennette Benedict, Executive Director, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist; Bruce Landrey, CMO, NuScale; Dick Sandvik, NuScale; and Andrea Sterdis, Senior Manager of Strategic Nuclear Expansion, Tennessee Valley Authority. The authors especially would like to acknowledge the discerning comments from Marilyn Kray, Vice-President at Exelon, throughout the course of the study, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power”, http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf, November 2011, LEQ)

6.2 GOVERNMENT SPONSORSHIP OF MARKET TRANSFORMATION …provide critical initial markets for SMR plants.

DOD solves regulations
King et. al. ’11 (Marcus King , LaVar Huntzinger , Thoi Nguyen, CNA Think Tank, Environment and Energy Team, “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations”, March 31, 2011, LEQ)
Certification and licensing issues The most basic licensing issue … operated aboard the Sturgis barge in the 1960s and 1970s.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 19 | Opponent: Someone Else | Judge: Palmer
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