Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

GOP will attach Keystone to the next energy bill that comes to a vote

Menton 12 – Jessica, writer for the International Business Times
~[Jan 30, http://tv.ibtimes.com/senate-aims-to-bypass-obama-on-keystone-pipeline/3279.html~~]cn
"This new bill is a lot like the old one, but it makes
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project is not approved by the time the bill comes to a vote.

Fiat means the plan is a must-pass bill – that ensures Keystone gets attached and passed (even if it’s unpopular)

Wallace 12 – John W., writer and businessman
~[Acc. Aug 19, 2012, Position Paper: Single Issue Legislation, http://www.nyoathkeeper.com/PositionPaper-SingleIssueLegislation.pdf~~]cn
For those unfamiliar with how legislation is passed in Congress, here’s a short example
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is almost certain to be approved, because the budget must be passed%21

The Keystone will inevitably leak, destroying the Ogallala aquifer

Dembicki 10 – Geoff, journalist who reports on energy and climate change
~[Jun 21, "Golf Disaster Raises Alarm about Alberta to Texas Pipeline," http://thetyee.ca/News/2010/06/21/AlbertaToTexasPipeline~~]cn
In a series of public hearings over recent weeks, farmers and ranchers have fretted
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a "quarter-size" hole into a Salt Lake City creek.

This causes depletion of the Great Lakes, triggering global water shortages and war

Rochester 2k – Rochester Democrat %26 Chronicle
~[Feb 6~]bg
Those moves reflect a growing realization that water will become a rare and fought-
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won’t let you take their water. Without it they have no future."

These wars will go nuclear and cause extinction

NASCA 4 – National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation
~["Water shortages – only a matter of time," http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html~~]bg
Water is one of the prime essentials for life as we know it. The
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find ourselves with a nightmare situation for which there will be no obvious answer

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Speciesism K – 1NC

The 1AC is a paradigmatic example of humanist cultural criticism – this perpetuates speciesism and dooms them to failure

Deckha 6 – Maneesha, UC Hastings College of the Law
http://www.animallaw.info/articles/arus17hstwlj1.htm
Cultural critics have painstakingly demonstrated the social constructedness of sexual, gender, and racial
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on the continued merit of a property status of non-human animals.

This strategy is not innocent – rather, it reflects a specific form of affected ignorance, which is culpable in sustaining and promoting speciesism

Williams 8 – Nancy, Philosopher at Wofford College
~["Affected Ignorance and Animal Suffering" Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics (2008) 21:371-384~]
Affected ignorance, the phenomenon of people choosing not to investigate whether some practice in
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of knowledge, that which propels individuals to refrain from further moral inquiry.

Speciesism makes possible "systematic beastilization," which justifies non-criminal putting to death of the Other – this is the root cause of all oppression

Rossini 6 – Manuela, Postdoctoral Fellow at Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis
~[Sept, "To the Dogs: Companion speciesism and the new feminist materialism," Kritikos, Volume 3, http://intertheory.org/Rossini~~]cn
What is equally sobering, however, is the fact that the most radical metaposthumanists
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means limited to its overwhelmingly direct and disproportionate effects on animals.~[26~]

The alternative is to vote negative to reject speciesism by critically reorienting ourselves against the 1AC. Our creation of a space for reflection is a key step in ending non-human oppression.

Williams 8 – Nancy, Philosopher at Wofford College
~["Affected Ignorance and Animal Suffering" Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics (2008) 21:371-384~]
Epistemological and moral tensions such as these, however, can be the impetus for
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be fully informed about modern factory farming practices (and subsequent animal suffering).

You have a moral obligation to vote negative to affirm a moral universe where nonhumans are treated with dignity and respect

Katz 96 – Eric, professor of philosophy and director of the Science, Technology, and Society Program at the New Jersey Institute of Technology; one of the founders of environmental ethics
~[Nature as Subject, pp. 9-10~]cn
This analysis of certain problems in an indirect utilitarian argument for the preservation of objects
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who wish to avoid the easy, self-defeating trap of utilitarianism.

Tournament: Navy | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Russia’s economy is growing now due to high oil prices

Oprita 12 – Antonia, CNBC News Editor
~6/21, "Are Oil Exports Russia’s Curse as Well as Its Blessing?" http://www.cnbc.com/id/47870418~~
The World Bank has upgraded slightly its economic growth estimate for Russia, forecasting growth
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prices, said Neil Shearing, chief emerging markets economist at Capital Economics. 

High oil prices are key to Russia’s economy

Dashevsky 11 – Steven, Managing Director of Dashevsky %26 Partners (Investment Firm), Adviser to Dean, Moscow School of Management
~May 24^th, http://rt.com/business/news/russia-economy-oil-rpice/~~gw
RT: High oil prices have helped Russia’s budget but is the country too dependent
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sentiment for all of the Russian economy, not just oil and gas."

Russian economic decline causes nuclear terrorism and war – it’s the only scenario for escalation

Speice 6 – Patrick, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, College of William and Mary
~Feb, William and Mary Law Review, Lexis~cn
With the end of the Cold War in 1991, the states of the former
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in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons. 53

Tournament: Navy | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Court ruling ensures compliance and change – 4 reasons

Devins 92 – Neal, Professor of Law and Lecturer in Government, College of William and Mary
~80 Calif. L. Rev. 1027~
Four things are not in debate, all of which speak to a significant —
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appointed special masters can work with community leaders to forge successful desegregation plans.

Tournament: Navy | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1ac threat framing is based on misplaced cultural discourse, fixating dangerously inaccurate Cold War logic

Grondin 2004 – PhD, Professor of Political Science at the University of Ottawa (David, "(Re)Writing the National Security State", paper presented at the annual International Studies Association Convention in Ottawa, http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/chairerd/site/uploads/files/publications/etudes_raoul_dandurand/rewrinting_the_national_security_state.pdf)

I disagree with this essentialist view of the state identity of the United States.
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danger through foreign policy that the state’s very conditions of existence are generated.  

This one-sided threat framing feeds on itself causing a self-fulfilling prophecy of cyclical enemy creation

Fierke 7
~K.M., Professor of International Relations at the University of St Andrews, Critical Approaches to International Security, Policy Press, p.8-9~
The third section of the book raises a question about what is at stake in analysing security as a social construction. Critical scholars have asked what it means to be secure in an insecure world (Burke 2002: 1).
~ The question relates to an argument that perhaps too much emphasis -it is
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is constant critique that pushes at the boundaries of exist-ing assumptions.
Most critical scholars probably come to the study of security with a desire to improve
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not least for those ’victims’ who occupy the bottom rungs of the ladder.

Reject the aff. We must challenge the linguistic blackmail of security by creating space for refusal

Burke, 02 ("Aporias of Security" PhD, Anthony Burke was appointed to UNSW@ADFA in February 2008, after three years in the School of Social Sciences and International Studies at UNSW Sydney (2005-7), Alternatives vol 27 (2002)). 

It is perhaps easy to become despondent, but as countless struggles for freedom,
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is a world after security, and what its shimmering possibilities might be. 

Assumptions are a prior issue.

Crawford 2002 Neta,PhD MA MIT, BA Brown, Prof. of poli sci at boston univ.   Argument and Change in World Politics, p. 19-21
Coherent arguments are unlikely to take place unless and until actors, at least on
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entrepreneurs without serious political wrangling." Hence framing is a meta-argument. 

Tournament: Navy | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Failure to raise the debt ceiling will trigger global depression overnight

Min 10 – David, Associate Director for Financial Markets Policy at the Center for American Progress
~Oct 28, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/10/big_freeze.html~~cn
By law, a statutory limit restricts the total amount of debt the federal government
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while potentially triggering greater global instability—perhaps even a global economic depression.

Global nuclear war

Broward 9 – writer for Newsflavor, a network of journalists that cover current events, politics, world news, and opinions
~April 9, http://newsflavor.com/opinions/will-an-economic-collapse-kill-you/-http://newsflavor.com/opinions/will-an-economic-collapse-kill-you/~~cn
It may or may not sound likely to you, but the economy is on
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the economy is the most important issue facing us in the 21st century. 

Tournament: Navy | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Energy production represents the peak of our manipulation of the environment – The aff justifies the logic of Earth as standing reserve – this forecloses environmental relations and cause extinction – refuse the 1AC and contemplate – It leads to more effective policies

Grego 7 – Richard, Associate professor in the department of Humanities and Culture at Dayton Beach College
~"Global Warming, Environmental Philosophy and Public Policy: John Dewey vs Martin Heidegger," http://www.philosophos.com/philosophy_article_153.html~~cs-http://www.philosophos.com/philosophy_article_153.html%5dcs
Were they actually here to comment themselves, both thinkers would undoubtedly see deep connections
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humanity, might be just what is needed for the earth’s sustainable future.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Government spending is forced labor – it’s a direct violation of self-ownership

Nozick 74 – Robert, Professor of Philosophy at Harvard
"The Entitlement Theory of Justice," from Anarchy, State and Utopia, New York: Basic Books
Taxation of earnings from labor is on a par with forced labor. Some persons
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that presents an end-state or other pattern that must be realized.

You have an a priori obligation to reject this violation of self-ownership – this comes before their consequentialist impacts

Hoppe 93 – Hans-Hermann, Professor of Economics at UNLV
Mar 31, http://www.mises.org/store/Economics-and-Ethics-of-Private-Property-P288C0.aspx?AFID=1
First, it must be noted that the question of what is just or unjust
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on which cognition and truth rest is the recognition of private property rights. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Financial incentives lead to government failure and income inequality

Desai 12 – Mihir, Mizuho Financial Group Professor of Finance and the senior associate dean for planning and university affairs at Harvard Business School
~March, http://hbr.org/2012/03/the-incentive-bubble/ar/1-http://hbr.org/2012/03/the-incentive-bubble/ar/1~~ ap
The past three decades have seen American capitalism quietly transformed by a single, powerful
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the stewardship abilities of American managers and investors, and rising income inequality.

Turns entire case – burst makes all problems worse

Victor %26 Yanosek 11 – David G., Professor at the School of International Relations and Pacific Studies at the University of California, San Diego, and Director of the school’s Laboratory on International Law and Regulation %26 Kassia, Founding Principal of Tana Energy Capital LLC
~July/August, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67903/david-g-victor-and-kassia-yanosek/the-crisis-in-clean-energy~~%23-http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67903/david-g-victor-and-kassia-yanosek/the-crisis-in-clean-energy~~ ap
After years of staggering growth, the clean-energy industry is headed for a
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the world, because the market for clean-energy technologies is global.

1AC - PTC for Natives
1NC - T, Keystone, Bubbles, Courts, Heidegger, Subjugation, Coercion, case

2NC/1NR - T, Subjugation, Coercion, Bubbles, Courts, Keystone, case

2NR - T, Conditionality Good