Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1AC

Plan

The United States federal government should substantially increase incentives for brightfields projects, providing tax credits for clean up and solar energy development on federally designated brownfield sites.

Advantage 1: Small Business

Economic collapse coming now – failure to resolve creates a sustained recession

Morici 12 (Peter, July 26, 2012, economist and professor at the University of Maryland's Smith School of Business, "The coming economic collapse and what can – and cannot – be done", http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2012-07-26/news/fl-pmcol-economics-fri0727-20120726_1_wall-street-banks-export-driven-growth-tax-cuts, 8/2/12, atl)

The U.S. economy is teetering on the brink of another recession.
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and set off hyperinflation, but it can't lower interest rates much further.

The US is key to the global recovery

Caploe 9 (David, PhD in International political economy from Princeton, "Focus still on America to lead global recovery," The Straits Times, 8/2/12)

IN THE aftermath of the G-20 summit, most observers seem to have
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foreseeable future, even though other countries must certainly help. This crisis began 

Economic crisis causes war–strong statistical support

Royal 10 (Jedediah, director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215)

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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As such the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views. 

Brightfields allow for sustainable small business growth while causing a flight of green ventures to local communities

EERE 5 (Department of Energy, May, 5, 2005, "Brightfields: Redeveloping Brownfields with Solar Energy", http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/45/44493.pdf, 8/4/12, atl)

BrightfieldsCM solutions to brownfields redevelopment can help communities to maximize the value of their brownfields
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is planned, then the long-term use is more firmly guaranteed.

====Small businesses are a key internal link to economic recovery====
Leo 10 (Luca Di, writer for Wall Street Journal, November 10, 2011, "Bernanke: Small Businesses Important To Economic Recovery", http://blogs.wsj.com/in-charge/2011/11/10/bernanke-small-businesses-important-to-economic-recovery/, 8/4/12, atl)

Small businesses are important to the economic recovery and to U.S. global
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people confronting economic challenges in their lives, such as insufficient retirement savings."

And, green business expansion is critical to innovation, competitiveness, and economic security

Russell 10 (Graham, executive director of CORE, the largest sustainable business association in the Rocky Mountain Region, June 13, 2010, "The role of green business in economic recovery and stability", http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2010/06/14/focus5.html?page=all, 8/4/12, atl)

The great news about green business is that it will deliver benefits to the U
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the adoption of this type of green business thinking across the entire economy.

Economic benefits occur immediately

Millennium Power 1 ("FINAL REPORT¶ Technical and Economic Feasibility Assessment¶ Of a¶ Brightfield Photovoltaic Power Plant at Miramar Landfill", Task Ordering Agreement ~%23 KDC-0-30470-00¶ Task Order ~%23 KADC-0-30470-01¶ With the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 8/4/12, atl)

A Brightfield is a solar power station (photovoltaic panels connected in arrays to generate
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power generating assets for the¶ energy-stressed residents of San Diego.

Advantage 2 is Climate Change.

Urban sprawl is increasing

Bare 3 (Thomas Benton III, U CT School of Law JD, 21 Va. Envtl. L.J. 455, p. 458, LN)
Citizens are leaving the central cities for the suburbs in record numbers and have been
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decrease in the population and vitality of many of our urban centers. 8

And Sakowicz 4 quantifies

Sakowicz 4 (J Celeste, Florida State U JD candidate, 19 J. Land Use %26 Envtl. Law 377, Spring, p. 382, LN)
For the past half-century, sprawl has constituted the dominate growth pattern for
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of suburbia, followed by gradual urbanization of the intervening developed areas. 25

Sprawl kills the environment – pollutes air, destroys wetlands, and disrupts ecosystems

Bare 3 (Thomas Benton III, U CT School of Law JD, 21 Va. Envtl. L.J. 455, p. 465-466, LN)
Most authors agree that a myriad of environmental harms are caused by sprawling suburban development
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and feeding patterns are often disrupted and local wildlife may be harmed. 63

Environment collapse causes extinction.

Irish Times 02 (7/27)
Such pleasure is probably the least important reason why biodiversity is a good thing:
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" are identified and cared for, their ecosystems will probably still function.

Sprawl increases air pollution through traffic congestion

Sakowicz 4 (J Celeste, Florida State U JD candidate, 19 J. Land Use %26 Envtl. Law 377, Spring, p. 387-388, LN)
Traffic congestion is an adverse impact of sprawl that nearly all persons on the road
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to the elderly, young, and those suffering from respiratory illnesses. 64

Air pollution causes extinction.

California Chronicle 7 ("Human Extinction", 4/14, http://www.californiachronicle.com/articles/24238)
The most common pattern of macroevolutionary trends is extinction. In short "when a
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while the powers that be deny any connection in the name of profits?

Brownfields are not specific. Are possible everywhere.

Minkus 7 (Golden Gate Law U JD candidate, 1 Golden Gate U. Envitl. L.J. 267, Summer, p. 304, LN)
Brownfields offer a means of curbing urban sprawl and development of greenfields, undeveloped land
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shift in manufacturing away from the United States 3 and global warming. 4

The world models US environmental policies. We access global impacts

Turner 03 (http://usinfo.org/enus/economy/trade/pj81turner.html-http://usinfo.org/enus/economy/trade/pj81turner.html)
The United States plays a leading role in international environmental policy. We are active
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the U.S. Senate and the enactment of its implementing legislation.

Restoring brownfields solves urban sprawl

Minkus 7 (Golden Gate Law U JD candidate, 1 Golden Gate U. Envitl. L.J. 267, Summer, p. 304, LN)
Brownfields offer a means of curbing urban sprawl and development of greenfields, undeveloped land
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shift in manufacturing away from the United States 3 and global warming. 4

Redeveloping brownfields is the key to urban revitalization that ends urban sprawl

Kushner 6 (James A, Southwestern U law prof., 22 Ga. U St. U.L. Rev. 857, p. 857 LN)
Redevelopment sites that require a clean up of toxic substances, commonly referred to as
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that might bring about urban revitalization, including the essential redevelopment of brownfields.

Advantage 3: Racism

These contaminated brownfield sites are primarily located near impoverished, people of color neighborhoods and they take a disproportionate toll from the impacts of these zones.

Bullard et al 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Dean of the Barbara Jordan
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Race Still Matters after all of These Years, Hein Online, MV)

Despite progress in research, planning, and policy, low-income and¶
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those districts were nearly 20% higher¶ than the national average.35

Segregation is not over yet. Brownfields represent the ongoing segregation of the black body in status quo America. The white body politic ignores these black individuals suffering as they are deemed less valuable as a result of this dichotomy.

Mills 1 (Charles W. Mills, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, 2001, "Faces of Environmental Racism: Confronting Issues of Global Justice (2nd ed.,), p. 84-89, MV)

Segregation by law is the clearest manifestation of the physical control of the space of
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—throwaways on a throwaway population, dumping on the white body's dumpsite.

This segregation is a form deliberate colonialization that pervades international politics, making violence inevitable

Bullard 8 (Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center,_Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, "POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES" http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html ~[BGB~]

The United States is the dominant economic and military force in the world today.
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schools, chronic unemployment, high poverty, and overloaded health care systems. 

Colonialism links to racism. This racism is the root cause of all violence. Outweighs a neg util calc

Foucault 76 (Michel, Society Must be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976, p. 254-257 Trans. David Macey, MV)

What in fact is racism? It is primarily a way of introducing a break
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half of the nineteenth century), except by activating the theme of racism.

By allowing the death of a certain sector of the community as a result of inaction in the face of brownfields, the state solidifies its biologization of race, this scientific approach necessitates genocide

Elden  2 (Stuart, PhD of poli sci,  Boundary 2, "The War of Races and the Constitution of the State: Foucault's «Il faut défendre la société» and the Politics of Calculation" pg.146)
      What Foucault suggests is that discourses of class have their roots in the war
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, it must also pass through racism" (FDS, 228).  
Current environmental law trades the lives of minorities for profits and political expedience – America is de-facto segregated via the unequal division of environmental harm
Bullard 99 (Robert D, Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, "Dismantling environmental racism in the USA", Local Environment, Feb99, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Academic Search Premier)
The environmental protection apparatus in the USA does not provide equal protection for all communities
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, waste minimisation and cleaner production strategies as the overarching and dominant goal.
The environmental justice movement emerged in response to environmental inequities, threats to public health, unequal protection, differential enforcement and disparate treatment received by the poor and people of colour. This movement has redefined environmental protection as a basic right. It has also emphasised pollution prevention, waste minimisation and cleaner production techniques as strategies to achieve environmental justice for all Americans without regard to race, colour, national origin or income.  

AND finally, Solvency

Tax incentives solve – sufficient to cause brownfield redevelopment.

Rodenberger 5 (Farah, Fordham U JD, 13 Southeastern Env. L.J. 119, Spring, p. 119, LN)

Business developers may be wary of brownfields primarily because of the possibility of facing environmental
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incentives may ultimately determine the final selection of a location for a business.

Companies will follow incentives – brownfield projects are highly attractive.
Crain's Detroit Business 8 (5/5, http://crainsdetroit.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080505/SUB/805050305/-1)

That demand for urban lifestyles goes perfectly with a growing agenda to rebuild brownfield sites
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in a lot of cases, it's a great way to reclaim sites."

Tax incentives have empirically resulted in investment in brownfield sites, but more money is needed.
Rodenberger 5 ~[Farah, "Brownfields Programs and Tax Incentives are Stimulating the Redvelopment of Brownfields Properties in North Carolina and South Carolina," Southeastern Environmental Law Journal,
Southeastern Environmental Law Journal, Vol. 13, p. 119, Spring, l/n~]

The federal government estimated that federal tax incentives for site cleanups would decrease federal tax
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expects that the demand for brownfields grants will increase in the future. n87-http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/frame.do?tokenKey=rsh-20.855552.9638776937%26target=results_DocumentContent%26reloadEntirePage=true%26rand=1215547493308%26returnToKey=20_T4120198005%26parent=docview
Despite these successes, between 2000 and 2003, funding for the Brownfields Program decreased
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of the Brownfields Program will likely depend on further legislative and financial support.

Brownfield redevelopment has empirically proven to be successful in addressing environmental injustice—it has reduced crime, increased revenues, and created jobs in previously abandoned sites.

Felten 6 (Jennifer, Former President of the Ventura County Escrow Association, "BROWNFIELDREDEVELOPMENT 1995-2005: AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE SUCCESS STORY?",Real Property, Probateand Trust Journal.Chicago:Winter 2006. Vol. 40, Iss. 4; pg. 679, 26 pgs, proquest)

Hence,¶ the results of the last ten years of Brownfield redevelopment reveal many reasons
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caring about the future of their communities, causes this distrust to dissipate.

These projects are adaptable, sustainable, safe, easy to install, and technologically superior to alternative technologies

EERE 5 (Department of Energy, May, 5, 2005, "Brightfields: Redeveloping Brownfields with Solar Energy", http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/45/44493.pdf, 8/4/12, atl)

Adaptable to All Sizes of Sites ¶ The size of the photovoltaic array as well
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been incorporated into restored historical buildings, modern skyscrapers, and open space.

Government pooling of environment insurance solves

Meyer 98 (Peter B, Economics pH.D., Oct., p. 39, http://www.huduser.org/publications/econdev/envins.html)

This experience, however, does not translate directly to small parcels or those with
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a central role in the creation of insurable portfolios of small brownfield sites.

Federal brownfield programs empirically alter public perceptions of contaminated property, drawing in private aid.

ENS 5 (Environment News Service, 11/2, http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/nov2005/2005-11-02-09.asp~~%23anchor3)

Since it began in 1995, EPA's brownfields program has changed the way contaminated property is perceived, addressed, and managed, Johnson says. Over the last decade the EPA's brownfields program has attracted more than %247 billion in public and private investments for the cleanup and redevelopment of brownfield properties in cities and towns across the nation, creating more than 33,000 thousand jobs. During this time, more than 7,000 properties have been assessed for environmental contamination.

Federal incentives remove barriers to brownfield redevelopment

Bartsch 1 (Charles, Senior Policy analyst Northeast-Midwest Institute, "Financing Brownfield Cleanup and Redevelopment," online: http://www.nemw.org/brownfin.htm )

Other public policies, while not providing direct funding or tax breaks, can play
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surfacing to bring a greater sense of finality and fairness to brownfields concerns.

Federal tax credits solve brownfield redevelopment.

McGinty 5 (Kathleen A, PA Dept. of Environment Protection sec., 9/13, http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=3%26q=474526)

In addition to liability relief, developers also seek assurances with respect to remediation costs
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liability insurance, and for grants to pay the costs of those premiums.

Brightfields are key to empowering communities to maximize the value of brownfield cites.

Midwest Center for Green Tech 0 (Farr Associates Architecture and Urban Design, Chicago., Chicafo: The First Brightfields Success Story," online: http://www.p2pays.org/ref/19/18067.pdf, accessed July 9, 2008)
Brightfields encourage economic development on brownfield sites through solar energy applications. The Department of
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In some circumstances, Brightfields can actually cut the cost of brownfield remediation.