Tournament: SFSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fullerton | Judge: Jake Ziering

A.) Interpretation – the affirmative must discuss a reduction of restrictions or increase in incentives for energy production.

1. Impossible to be neg- the negative has to be prepared to answer everything under the sun; discussing the resolution is the only stable limit on the topic

2. Your aff is so in-determinate and unfocused that its not debatable- you say vote for us because other people are resisting transphobic violence. It destroys the ability for the negative to test the aff

3. FAIRNESS IS critical to AGONISTIC RESPECT.  Procedural rules are just an attempt for helping people be active participants in political contest.  We want TO BE able adversaries.

HATAB 2, Prof of Philosophy @ Old Dominion University,

(Lawrence J., The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 24 (2002) 132-147)

Moreover, the structure of an agon conceived as a contest can readily underwrite political

AND

, procedural notion conferred upon citizens in order to sustain viable political practice.

4. Deliberative argument requires an agreement established before the debate in order to determine the relevance of any argument. Without a point of stasis, debates could easily devolve into ridiculous claims like vote for us because we are USC Trojan fans and Matt Barkley is awesome. The logic of the affirmative makes every argument relevant and therefore makes deliberative argument impossible.

Walton ‘4 Douglas Walton, Full Professor of Philosophy at the University of Winnipeg, 2004 (Relevance in Argumentation) pg. 126

Such matters of how a chain of arguments can be relevant to the issue of

AND

what should be proved or for solving the problem that should be solved.

5. Deliberative Argument is Critical to Prevent Marginalization and Violence. The Affirmative’s move to abandon deliberative argument because it has the potential to exclude perspectives ignores the Spectrum of Power Relationships that exist throughout society. Their naïve belief that total inclusion in an unfettered public discussion will end discrimination is disproven by the violent history of social hegemony. Deliberative argument is crucial to ending the very violence they isolate. 

Tonn ‘5 Mari Boor Tonn, Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Maryland, 2005  (“Taking Conversation, Dialogue, and Therapy Public” Rhetoric and Public Affairs Vol. 8, No. 3)

This widespread recognition that access to public deliberative processes and the ballot is a baseline

AND

therapeutic conversation and dialogue jeopardizes the very pulse and lifeblood of democracy itself.

Tournament: SFSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fullerton | Judge: Jake Ziering

There exists an antagonism in debate – On one side, debate is always shaped by strategy, winning, debate theory, etc . The other side is the desire to influence a larger public. What the aff fails to recognize is that their desire to change the debate community is always shaped by the norms of debate. We assume that because these politics are good for us, then they’re also good and feasible for the non-debate space.  Let us view the outside of the academy as more important than our debate spaces.  AND let us remember that in it’s current formation, the public does not yield to the debater

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University (“Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency”, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)

Giroux’s concluding words, in which scholars reclaim the promises of a truly global democratic

AND

outside the academy that there can be immediate, material, political consequences.

Our argument is particularly true to the 1AC - using debate as a form of politics in and of itself tradeoffs with producing tools useful for the public.

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University (“Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency”, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)

What does it mean to say rhetoric scholarship should be relevant to democratic practice?

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no less of an impediment to the production of democratically consequential rhetoric scholarship.

Reject the aff’s understanding of politics of the debate space – AS AN ACADEMIC FANTASY. Our goal as rhetorical scholars should be the EXPLORATION and PRODUCTION or inventional resources suitable for the larger non-debate public, otherwise we get lost in TOO-EASY ASSURANCES that what we are doing here – in the debate space – is necessary and sufficient

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University (“Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency”, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)

The challenge is to resist synthetically resolving these antagonisms, whether in confirming or disconfirming

AND

of practical wisdom in democratic publics without absolving scholars of responsibility to them.

Tournament: SFSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Stanford | Judge: John Kephart III

Strategies of energy poduction are co-opted by capitalism as a means to fuel production. The aff thus does not produce energy to satisfy human needs—rather, it exploits the energy produced by the working class to do nothing but further sustain strategies of domination and exploitation

ICConline 11 on August 16, 2011, (“Nuclear energy, capitalism and communism” http:~/~/en.internationalism.org/wr/347/org/wr/347/nuclear(%%))

The revolution in the form and quantity of energy available to humanity underpinned the industrial

AND

to the warming of the globe that threatens the future of humanity today.

Capitalism’s preoccupation with endless accumulation will result in total ecological destruction and extinction

Foster, 11 John Bellamy  Dec. 2011, Capitalism and the Accumulation of Catastrophe, Monthly Review, Vol. 63 Issue 07, http:~/~/monthlyreview.org/2011/12/01/org/2011/12/01/capitalism-and-the-accumulation-of-catastrophe(%%) (Aug 2012)

Yet, the continued pursuit of Keynes’s convenient lie over the last eight decades has

AND

and sustainable human development; a socialism for the twenty-first century.

Our alternative is to reject the affirmative.

Vote neg—It’s try or die for the revolution. The capitalism is unsustainable and reforms only insure the crash is worse—this makes total rejection key

Magdoff and Foster, 2010 (Fred and John Belamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, “What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know about Capitalism”, Monthly Review, Volume 61, Issue 10) NG

The foregoing analysis, if correct, points to the fact that the ecological crisis

AND

of and by, and not just ostensibly for, the people.57

Tournament: SFSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Stanford GP | Judge: John Kephart III

Dependence on coal will create a boom-based resource curse. As the US puts all its eggs in the coal basket, its dollar will increase in value, hurting the manufacturing industry and brining out calls for more protectionism – Australia proves

VERRENDER 11 (Ian; Squeezing the life out of local industry; The Age (Melbourne, Australia) August 23, 2011 Tuesday First Edition)

The cost of the mining boom is a high dollar and a desperate manufacturing sector

AND

a little like offering a Band-Aid to a shark attack victim.

And, protectionism causes terrorism, China conflict, and Iran expansion – culminates in nuclear extinction

Pazner 8 (Michael J., Faculty – New York Institute of Finance, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138)

The rise in isolationism and protectionism will bring about ever more heated arguments and dangerous

AND

between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war.

And, their defenses don’t apply – there’s strong historical data that interdependency solves war, but protectionism leads to escalatory global conflict

Royal 10 Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises, in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215

Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict

AND

not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.

Tournament: SFSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Stanford GP | Judge: John Kephart III

Obama wins now—polling and the Romney video. Prefer our evidence—Silver’s the best prediction. NBC 9/27:

PRESS Pass: Nate Silver, NBC’s Meet the Press, 9/27/12, http://presspass.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/27/14126999-press-pass-nate-silver

New York Times numbers guru Nate Silver says recent polling clearly shows President Obama as

AND

the 2012 race, and what sports can teach us about predicting elections.

Coal Opposed in Cities all over the US

Walsh, 2012 senior writer at Times, (Bryan, “War on Coal: Why Polluting Plants are Shutting Down Nationwide,” Times, http://science.time.com/2012/03/01/war-on-coal-activists-help-shut-down-polluting-plans-in-chicago-and-around-the-u-s/)ip

Good news has been hard to come by for environmentalists, especially during an election

AND

says Bloomberg. “The pollutants and the toxins are a big problem.”¶

Romney’s election would start an immediate strike of Iran. Examiner 8/25:

Tilford, Robert. The Examiner. “Romney promises the American people war if elected.” August 25, 2012. http://www.examiner.com/article/romney-promises-the-american-people-war-if-elected

U.S. presidential candidate from the Republican Party Mitt Romney is promis

AND

of course would violates the U.S. Constitution.

Attack causes great power war and extinction

Hitchcock 7 Lawyer, worked for a judge at the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals for four years, completed his Ph.D. at DTS in January, 2006. He has authored fifteen books, September, Mark, “The Apocalypse of Ahmadinejad: The Revelation of Iran’s Nuclear Prophet”

Saudi Arabia has said that if the United States or Israel ends up in open

AND

catastrophic that no one probably has a complete picture of the destruction and confusion

Tournament: SFSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Stanford GP | Judge: John Kephart III

The United States federal government should deploy sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere in sufficient quantities to stabilize average global temperature at safe levels.

Solves warming

Victor et al 9 (David G. Victor, M. Granger Morgan, Jay Apt, John Steinbruner, and Katharine Ricke, David G. Victor is a Professor at Stanford Law School, Director of Stanford's Program on Energy and Sustainable Development, and an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. M. Granger Morgan is Head of Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Engineering and Public Policy and Director of the Climate Decision Making Center. Jay Apt is Professor of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University. John Steinbruner is Professor of Public Policy and Director of the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland. Katharine Ricke is a doctoral student at Carnegie Mellon University., “The Geoengineering Option”, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2009)

Today, the term "geoengineering" refers to a variety of strategies designed to

AND

one percent (or less) of the cost of dramatically cutting emissions.

Tournament: SFSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fullerton | Judge: Jake Ziering

Humans are not above and beyond the environment, but a constitutive part of the whole, Nigel 10:

“Heidegger and Environmental Philosophy” - Nigel of the Free Soil Rveiew, July 18 2010 - http://thefsreview.wordpress.com/2010/07/18/heidegger-and-environmental-philosophy/

For Heidegger the world is not comprised of a set of distinct objects but is

AND

way on which an environmental ethic could be built.

When the 1AC makes normative arguments about animal rights, they distance humanity from the environment and projects thier own judgments upon it. The aff sees the environment as a tool to be controlled, Nigel 10:

“Heidegger and Environmental Philosophy” - Nigel of the Free Soil Rveiew, July 18 2010 - http://thefsreview.wordpress.com/2010/07/18/heidegger-and-environmental-philosophy/

We tend to treat objects and the tools we use to project ourselves into the

AND

helps us think about the environment in a new way.

This subject/object ontological view disrupts understanding of our own Being, Nigel 10:

“Heidegger and Environmental Philosophy” - Nigel of the Free Soil Rveiew, July 18 2010 - http://thefsreview.wordpress.com/2010/07/18/heidegger-and-environmental-philosophy/

When we recognize these tools as signs and pay attention to that which they signify

AND

in a way that is integral to the understanding of our own Being. 

A. The aff’s flawed conception of humanity ignores that the environment constrains our actions and thoughts in the world. If we don’t understand ourselves, then we can’t understand our relation to things in the world and any normative implications from them.

B. Ignorance of environmental truths leads to manipulative and destructive attitudes, Kinsella 11:

Kinsella, William. "Heidegger and Being at the Hanford Reservation: Linking Phenomenology, Environmental Communication, and Communication Theory" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Dresden International Congress Centre, Dresden, Germany, Jun 16, 2006 Not Available. 2011-03 14 http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p90982_index.html

Rogers (1998) argues that there is a special relationship between environmental communication

AND

privileging of human knowledge over the non-human world.

Alt: Reject any absolutist claims of rights or normative obligations toward the environment. Instead, favor interactions with nature based on particular, local discourses, Naess 97:

Trumpeter (1997) - ISSN: 0832-6193 - Heidegger, Postmodern Theory and Deep Ecology - Arne Naess - University of Oslo

Deep ecologists agree with Derrida's deconstruction of anthropocentrism, however, they resist this deconstruction

AND

social phenomenon, whose meaning is always contested within particular, local discourses.

And, “take a walk in a forest,” experience nature as it presents itself, Naess 97:

Trumpeter (1997) - ISSN: 0832-6193 - Heidegger, Postmodern Theory and Deep Ecology - Arne Naess - University of Oslo

I say that in spontaneous experiences we have direct access to what is real.

AND

things or items rather than "phenomena" (ontological realism of sorts?).

Tournament: SFSU | Round: 5 | Opponent: SLO CI | Judge: Kevin Kuswa

The U.S. is the world’s biggest oil importer – the plan will devastate global oil producers’ economies

Miller ‘10—assistant professor of political science at the University of Oklahoma (Gregory D., April 2010, © Center for Strategic and International Studies, The Washington Quarterly 33:2, “The Security Costs of Energy Independence,” http://www.twq.com/10april/docs/10apr_Miller.pdf

The United States only gets about 15 percent of its oil from the Middle East

AND

, even those that do not sell much oil to the United States.

Saudi Arabia will flood the oil market if they perceive a reduction in US demand – crushes oil prices

Energy Tech Stocks ‘8 1-27-2008 (“Petro-politics Expert Marcel: Saudis Have Oil But Not Enough; OPEC May Flood Market To Hurt New Techs,” http://energytechstocks.com/)

Saudi Arabia still has a lot of oil; nevertheless, the world doesn’t have

AND

industry, the world keeps asking, “Why should we trust them?”

It snowballs - flood crushes other oil producers including Russia

Mohamedi ‘3 – Chief Economist at PFC Energy (Fareed Mohamedi, Chief Economist, The Petroleum Finance Company Ltd.,” In the Wake of War: Geo-strategy, Terrorism, Oil Markets, and Domestic Politics,” http:~/~/www.mepc.org/forums_chcs/31.asp

A more aggressive strategy and actually a better strategy for the Saudis in many ways

AND

of low oil price for a period of 18 months to two years.

Russian collapse causes nuclear war

Filger ‘9 – Sheldon Filger, columnist and founder of GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, May 10, 2009, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction,” online: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html

The Medvedev/Putin regime has initiated a host of policy responses to mitigate the

AND

the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Weber RS | Judge: Scott Phillips

The United States federal government should establish a joint WTO/UNFCCC working group to enter into negotiations with members of the World Trade Organization making a binding guarantee that The United States federal government should establish a feed-in tariff program for solar power in the United States if members of the World Trade organization agree to interpret General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Article 8.2(c) in a manner making said policy not actionable under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

Unilateral nature of the plan guarantees trade conflict – submitting climate policies for multilateral review is key

Zhang, Fellow East-West Center, ‘2 (ZhongXiang, February, “Domestic Climate Policies at the WTO” http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/6048/ENVwp051.pdf?sequence=1)

One strategy of avoiding the potential for conflict between the climate regime and the WTO rules is

to pursue multilaterally agreed, WTO-consistent measures. Given that the TBT Agreement

AND

with the WTO rules, thus maximizing the WTO’s contributions to sustainable development.

Multilateral action is key – counterplan solves and gets modeled

Reinsch, President National Foreign Trade Council, ‘8 (William, March 5, “Climate Change: Competitiveness Concerns and Prospects for Engaging Developing Countries” Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality) http://www.nftc.org/default/Press%20Release/2008/ClimateTestimony.pdf

MULTILATERAL ACTION AND TIMING Finally, I want to suggest that the approach most likely

AND

, but there are also legal reasons for moving sooner rather than later. 

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Weber RS | Judge: Scott Phillips

A small clean tech bubble burst- investors will re-invest if they see gov subsidies coming. They’ll wait for a potentially bigger payoff

The Age 9 The Age (Melbourne, Australia) July 11, 2009 Saturday First Edition Green fields are rich ground for modern-day gold-diggers; G-BIZ BYLINE: Paddy Manning

Sustainable investors aim to make a slow buck, not fast money. GREEN investors

AND

by riding up green stocks that are pumped and dumped by their backers.

New government investment triggers hyper-investment. Clean tech financing on the decline- only gov subsidies would motivate venture capitalists to risk it all again.

NYT 9 The New York Times April 30, 2009 Thursday Late Edition - Final Clean Tech's Future Dims As Financing Drops Off BYLINE: By CLAIRE CAIN MILLER

OVER the past few years, as venture capitalists poured money into solar companies and

AND

have to be careful we don't swing back to the hype side.''

The bigger they are the harder they fall- clean energy bubble is only being sustained by gov subsidies. Alternative energy is unsustainable. Greater overestimation means a bigger burst.

Edmonton Journal 9 “Investors waking up to lure of clean-tech; Climate change furor has unlocked financing” December 30

The past decade saw investors do a tap dance to the tune of Boom and

AND

energy firms to drop as the bubble bursts," said Mr. Dewees.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Weber RS | Judge: Scott Phillips

Farm bill will pass now – it’s the first agenda item in the lame duck session.

Bennett 9/20/12 (David, Boehner confirms no farm bill until lame duck session, Delta Farm Press, September 20, 2012, http://deltafarmpress.com/government/boehner-confirms-no-farm-bill-until-lame-duck-session)

Despite House leadership claims to the contrary, Johnson insists there are enough votes to

AND

its farm bill) three-to-one on a bipartisan basis.

The ag lobby is pushing hard – it will be top of the agenda

Wyant, Agri-Pulse Communications, 10/3/12 (Sarah, Farm Groups Call For Farm Bill Priority After Elections, Georgia Far Bureau, October 3, 2012, http://www.gfb.org/gfbnews/GFBNewsMoreInfo.asp?RecordID=3464#ixzz298RgHoi5

Farmers and ranchers want a new farm bill to be the first order of business

AND

entire economy will continue to be impacted every day they do not act."

Fossil fuel lobby hates solar power- empirically block legislation

American Recycler Newspaper 6/1 American Recycler Newspaper 6/1 (Mary M. Cox, 6/1/11, " Solar Energy Systems ", http://www.americanrecycler.com/0611/1017spotlight.shtml)//ZY

“Although the industry has experienced notable expansion recently, industry growth would have expanded

AND

States and Canada are now adding solar trackers to improve their project economics.”

Obama investing PC is key – has to overcome Congressional unwillingness

Argus Leader ’12 (Disinterest hinders farm bill chances, August 29, 2012, http://www.argusleader.com/article/20120829/NEWS/308290047/Disinterest-hinders-farm-bill-chances)

WASHINGTON — As the farm bill languishes in Congress, much of the blame is

AND

They have little reason to spend their political capital on the farm bill.

The farm bill is key to economic growth and competitiveness

The Hill ’12 (John Hoeven, Republican Senator from North Dakota, A cost-effective Farm Bill with a strong, market-based safety net, The Hill, June 13, 2012, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/232627-a-cost-effective-farm-bill-with-a-strong-market-based-safety-net)

America’s security and prosperity depend on the productivity of American farmers and ranchers, which

AND

floor. Every American depends on it, now and into the future.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 6 | Opponent: JCCC CP | Judge: Mike Bausch

Renewables are taking hold in China

Asia Pulse 11 (21 March, “Analysis – China and the New Energy Industry,” accessed: 7 August 2012, ProQuest, JT)

BEIJING, March 21 Asia Pulse - It is foreseeable that new energy industry will

AND

and the other half through the growth of wind power and solar power.

US decrease in coal consumption will substantially increase exports to Asia

Plumer 12 (Brad, reporter@Washington Post, April 9, http:~/~/www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/what-happens-to-us-coal-if-we-dont-burn-it/2012/04/09/gIQAEuxw5S_html(%%), accessed: 20 June 2012, JT)

But if the United States isn’t going to use its own coal, what’s going

AND

that, see this paper from the Columbia Center for Climate Change Law.)

Increased exports kills the herring population – keystone species and key to the economy

Peeples 11 (Lynne, environment and public health@The Huffington Post, November 23, http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/23/coal-port-pacific-northwest-energy-pollution-climate-change_n_1109289.html(%%), accessed: 17 August 2012, JT)

In addition to housing one of the last native Dungeness crab fisheries, Krogh explains

AND

for young salmon and is a significant habitat for seabirds and migratory waterfowl.

Herring are key to the overall ecosystem

Varpe, Fiksen, and Slotte 5 (Øystein, biology@ University of Bergen, Øyvind, biology@U Bergen, Aril, Insitute of Marine Research in Bergen Norway, 6 January, http:~/~/bio.uib.no/te/papers/Varpe_2005_pdf(%%), p. 1-3, accessed: 18 August 2012, JT)

Ecosystems are not closed, but receive resource subsidies¶ from other ecosystems (Loreau

AND

¶ important prey in the Barents Sea (Bogstad et al. 2000).

Extinction

Paul Wapner, Department of Int’l Politics and Foreign Policy at American University, August 1994

(Politics and Life Sciences, Pg. 177)

Massive extinction of species is dangerous then because one cannot predict which species are expendable

AND

species is like playing Russian roulette with our collective future as the stakes.

Impact UNLV Round 7 v ASU CY

Exports to China substantially increase green house gas emissions

Walsh 12 (Bryan, senior editor@TIME, May 31, http:~/~/science.time.com/2012/05/31/drawing-battle-lines-over-american-coal-exports-to-asia/http://science.time.com/2012/05/31/drawing-battle-lines-over-american-coal-exports-to-asia/(%%), accessed 20 June 2012, JT)

As I write in the new edition of TIME, there’s just one problem:

AND

Seattle-based NGO Climate Solutions. “That’s the most important question.”

The impact is extinction

Tickell 8 (Oliver, Environmental Researcher, The Guardian, August 11, http:~/~/www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange(%%), JT)

We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson told

AND

the warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge: Kevin Kallmyer

CIR will pass, capital key, new issue trades off

Shifter 12-27

Michael, President of the Inter-American Dialogue, “Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?”

Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US’s shameful and broken immigration

AND

needed -- would take away energy and time from other priorities like immigration.

The plan makes China a pivotal issue – bashing empirically benefits the GOP and sparks political opposition

Yingzi, 10 (Tan, “US likely to give nod to CNOOC deal, despite opposition” 10/14, China Daily,

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-10/14/content_11409139.htm

In 2005, CNOOC gave up plans to acquire Unocal Oil Co after the bid

AND

in a small US steel company, said Scissors from the Heritage Foundation.

Comprehensive reform is critical to restore US international credibility

Alden, Bush, and McLarty 2009

Edward Alden, Bernard L. Schwartz Senior Fellow, Florida governor Jeb Bush and former White House chief of staff Thomas "Mack" McLarty.Council on Foreign Relations “U.S. Immigration Policy” July 2009

http://www.cfr.org/immigration/us-immigration-policy/p20030

"The continued failure to devise and implement a sound and sustainable immigration policy threatens

AND

do not significantly reduce the risk of terrorists or criminals entering the country.

Solves terrorism, disease, and North Korean nuclearization – collapse results in lashout against Iran

Joshua Kurlantzick, visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment’s, December 2005 (Current History p. 419-420: http:// www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Kurlantzick.pdf)

A broad decline in soft power has many practical implications. These include the drain

AND

of terrorism, in addition to rooting out and destroying individual militant cells.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge: Kevin Kallmyer

TEXT:

The United States Federal Government should:

-mandate that the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States’ annual report to Congress quantify the number of deals that were approved during the previous year; and

-should amend Exon-Florio to define “national security” so as to consider the following factors in reviewing foreign acquisitions as per Carroll

Amending Exon-Florio to narrowly define national security solves the case -~-- it removes “economic security” as a consideration in the CFIUS process -~-- this accurate reading of their Carroll solvency evidence provides further support:

Carroll 9 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167 COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 2009, lexis

Exon-Florio should be amended to more narrowly define national security. The open

AND

by embracing globalization and cooperation can the United States truly achieve national security.

The aff goes too far by excluding any oil and gas deals from CFIUS reviews -~-- this is precisely the situation Carroll wants to avoid: a Chinese state-owned company could try to buy companies that supply energy to the U.S. military and the US would have no capacity to even review such a deal – much less block it

This obviously harms national security since Chinese companies can freely buy-up US oil companies -~-- fuels their aggressive expansionism -~-- and it’s politically unpopular

Alex Newman 12, “Communist China Lobbying to Take Over U.S. Oil, Lawmakers Still Concerned,” NewAmerican, 8-7-12, http://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/sectors/item/12364-communist-china-lobbying-to-take-over-us-oil-lawmakers-still-concerned

Top American lawmakers on both sides of the aisle are expressing serious concerns about a

AND

hairs — and will remain there as long as policymakers refuse to resist.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge: Kevin Kallmyer

Debates over questions like the motives of Chinese foreign policy or the nature of the Chinese approach to international relations are not neutral epistemological practices. Rather, the way these debates are formulated within Western policymaking circles relies on a positivist epistemology that presumes the Chinese state is an objectively knowable, fixed and neutral entity. Conceptions of the threat China poses to the U.S., whether economic or military, simultaneously cast it as a threatening Other and rely on assumptions of the U.S.’s benevolence and the universality of its aims. These strategies are a self-fulfilling prophecy that must be challenged

Pan '4

Chengxin Pan, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, at Deakin University, Discourses Of ‘China’ In International Relations: A Study in Western Theory as (IR) Practice, August 2004, pp. 305-307

China and its relationship with the United States has long been a fascinating subject of

AND

—1996 Taiwan Strait missile crisis and the 2001 spy-plane incident.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge: Kevin Kallmyer

The aff is a repetition of the discourse of scarcity. Their fixation with production creates a self-fulfilling prophecy – no amount of energy will ever be enough. Nature must be forever manipulated. This myth creates the belief that scarcity creates violence as opposed to the reverse – where the belief in scarcity creates the necessary tools for violence.

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

In the myth, the peculiar logic of accumulation for accumulation’s sake that has become

AND

just as “securitising” everything tends to give rise to more insecurities.

EXTINCTION.

REINSBOROUGH 3, Grassroots Organizer and Popular Educator,

(Patrick, worked on a range of issues including forest protection, police brutality, peace in Northern Ireland, indigenous rights, organizing director of the Rainforest Action Network, JOURNAL OF AESTHETICS and PROTEST, Aug, vol 1, # 2, http:~/~/www.journalofaestheticsandprotest.org/1/de_colonizing/html(%%))

Cancer Kills the host. Cancer’s suicidal destiny is a product of its initial perversion

AND

criminalize, contain and silence dissent among the have-nots is obvious.

Our alternative is a direct challenge to the aff’s notions of Energy and Security. By STARTING from the perspective of collective security and survival of the commons, ONLY then will we create a truly pragmatic form of politics. We think rejection of your aff for these reasons does produce a different understanding of politics that’s more helpful that your business as usual approach

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

In the bewildering, sometimes frightening, talk about “energy security” that bombards

AND

“energy security” and the most pragmatic starting point for practical action.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kentucky GS | Judge: Kevin Kallmyer

A -~-- Interpretation -~-- restrictions are direct governmental limitations on production

Annamaria Viterbo 12 , Assistant Professor in International Law at the University of Torino, PhD in International Economic Law from Bocconi University and Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute, 2012, International Economic Law and Monetary Measures: Limitations to States' Sovereignty and Dispute, p. 166

In order to distinguish an exchange restriction from a trade measure, the Fund chose

AND

imposed directly on the use of currency in itself, for all purposes.

Energy production refers to the extraction, conversion, and distribution of energy

Koplow 4 Doug Koplow is the founder of Earth Track in Cambridge, MA. He has worked on natural resource subsidy issues for 20 years, primarily in the energy sector "Subsidies to Energy Industries" Encyclopedia of Energy Vol 5 2004www.earthtrack.net/files/Energy%20Encyclopedia,%20wv.pdf

3.2 Production

Energy production includes

AND

and accident risks.

B -~-- Violation -~-- CFIUS doesn’t restrict -~-- it regulates which companies can produce energy

Douglas William Nigh 98, associate professor of international business at the University of South Carolina, and Douglas P. Woodward, associate professor of economics at the University of South Carolina, Foreign Ownership and the Consequences of Direct Investment in the United States: Beyond Us and Them, 1998, p. 144

How did the U.S. government respond to the influx of FDI that

AND

Council of Economic Advisers; it is usually chaired by a Treasury official.

C -~-- Vote neg -~--

1 -~-- Ground -~-- they avoid links to core disads which are based on increases in energy production -~-- the US companies are already producing energy -~-- they just allow foreign firms to acquire those US companies

2 -~-- Unlimits—allows for affs that repeal a environmental or corporate regulations that have no effect on the amount of energy produced, kills neg ground

3 -~-- Precision -~-- restriction is narrower than regulation

US District Court 9—Judge Thomas E. Johnson, US District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia, http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/west-virginia/wvsdce/5:2009cv00152/61171/33

9 The fourth prong of the Central Hudson test refers to "regulation" of

AND

more broad or no more expansive than 'necessary' to serve its substantial interests").

Aff: Rationalism

1NC:
Welsh K
Nigel K
Topicality
Anthro turns

2NC:
Welsh

1NR:
Nigel

2NR:
Welsh, Nigel

Aff: CO2-EOR (Policy Version)

1NC:
Elections DA
Aerosols CP
Trade DA
Capitalism K
Case turns

2NC:
Trade DA
Case turns
Aerosols CP

1NR:
Elections
Case D

2NR:
Trade DA
Case turns
Aerosols CP

1NC:
Cap K
Elections DA (Obama Good)
Backstopping DA (Russian Economy)
Case defense

2NC:
Solvency Defense
Cap K

1NR:
Blackouts defense
Industry Shift defense
Elections DA

2NR:
Cap K

Decision: Neg

Aff: Solar FIT
Advantages: Economy and Democratization

1NC:
Trade DA
Backstopping DA
Elections DA (Obama Good)
Trade CP
Bubble DA
Case D

2NC:
Trade DA
Trade CP
Bubble DA

1NR:
Elections DA -> Farm Bill DA
Democratization defense

2NR:
Farm Bill DA
Bubble DA
Democratization Defense

Decision: Neg

Aff: SMR
Natural Gas Advantage
Leadership Advantage

1NC:
Elections (Obama Good, Iran Strikes)
Trade DA
Trade CP

2NC:
Trade DA
Trade CP

1NR:
Elections

2NR:
Elections

Decision: negative

Aff:
SMRs
Waste Advantage
Desalination Advantage

1NC:
Elections DA (Romney Good, Iran Strikes)
Plan Flaw
Cap K
China Coal Bad DA

2NC:
Cap K

1NR:
Elections

2NR:
Cap K

Decision: Aff

Aff:
Nuclear Reprocessing
Waste Advantage
Peak Oil Advantage

1NC:
Elections (Obama Good, Iran Strikes)
China Coal Bad DA
Cap K
T - increase production

2NC:
Cap K

1NR:
Elections

2NR: Elections

Decision: Aff

1NC:
T - Restrictions - CFIUS
Immigration Politics
Enclosure K
National Security CP
Case D

2NC:
Enclosure K
Case D

1NR:
Politics

2NR:
Enclosure K