Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV BV | Judge: Zendeh

===ADV 1: Grid===

Massive blackouts coming- accidents, storms, and cyber attacks.

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

By the same token, the more that an energy system is subjected to centralised

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of generators magnify such "cyber-security" and data protection challenges.

Increasing demand and old infrastructure increases the likelihood of blackouts.

**Washington Post 12** "Aging power grid on overload as US demands more electricity" 8/1 http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/aging-power-grid-on-overload-as-us-demands-more-electricity/2012/08/01/gJQAB5LDQX_story.html

The United States doesn~’t yet face the critical shortage of power that has left more

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107 billion was needed by 2020 to keep the electrical infrastructure whole.

Tanks the economy.

**Bruch and Hunter 12 **MICHAEL BRUCH Head of R%26D Risk Consulting LARRY HUNTER Risk Engineer Allianz Risk Consulting Worldwide risk consulting, risk management and loss investigation services for corporate, industrial and specialty risks. Energy risks: Power trip http://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/GRD/GRD%20individual%20articles/Power_blackout_risks_article.pdf

Many companies are unprepared for business disruptions caused by power blackouts, and are often

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events could severely damage high-voltage transformers whose repair can take weeks.

Even if there isn~’t a large-scale blackout, electricity unreliability costs %24500 billion of the GDP, massive unemployment, and decreased competitiveness in trade.

**EDR 2011** Economic Development Research Group, Inc. (EDR Group), is a consulting firm focusing specifically on applying state-of-the-art tools and techniques for evaluating economic development performance, impacts, and opportunities. La Capra Associates is an independent consulting firm which has specialized in the electric, natural gas and water industries for over 30 years. This report was prepared for the American Society of Civil Engineers by Economic Development Research Group, Inc. in association with La Capra Associates. FAiluRE to ACt The economic impacT of current Investment trends In ElEctr icity Infrastructure http://www.asce.org/uploadedFiles/Infrastructure/Failure_to_Act/energy_report_FINAL2.pdf

If annual investments in electric energy infrastructure through 2040 continue to average %2463 billion

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S. industries. Figure 13 indicates which industries will be most harmed.

====Nuclear war====

**Mead 09** Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, Only Makes You Stronger, The New Republic, [[www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8%26p=2-http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8%26p=2]]

The greatest danger both to U.S.-China relations and to American power

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the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight.

Independently, a long term blackout destroys civilization as we know it.

**Reynolds 12** Glenn Harlan Reynolds is Beauchamp Brogan Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Tennessee "U.S. Woefully Unprepared for a Blackout Like India~’s: Analysis" Popular Mechanics August 6 http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/infrastructure/us-woefully-unprepared-for-a-blackout-like-indias-analysis-11413652

But don~’t get too comfortable. America~’s grid has its own problems, and not

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the Washington, D.C., area were without power for days.

===ADV 2: Financial Speculation===

Current tax credits for renewables bolster the tax equity industry of banks and Wall Street firms who reap all the profit

Farrell 12 John Farrell is an Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR) senior researcher specializing in energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. Energy Self Reliant States, 4-19

A regular tax credit reduces the amount of taxes a business or person pays dollar

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project owners wouldn~’t require big tax bills or Wall Street to finance projects.

Now is the time to pay attention. NEW INVESTORS ARE CREEPING INTO THE THIRD-PARTY SOLAR FINANCING MARKET

Linder and Di Capua 12 — Stefan Linder, Analyst, Clean Energy Economics, Michel Di Capua, Head of Research, North America, Bloomberg New Energy Finance. US SOLAR – WHITE PAPER, 6-4

US solar financing US solar projects have historically been bankrolled by some combination of energy

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some utilities may seek solar portfolios to offset revenue loss from distributed generation.

Financial trading of energy ensures future Enrons -  high prices and bankrupt states

Coile 4   Zachary, SF Gate, New evidence of Enron schemes /

6-15, http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/New-evidence-of-Enron-schemes-Documents-tapes-2713873.php~~%23ixzz25SsxruqA

Enron, which was once a natural gas pipeline company, expanded into virtually every

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million...," Belden said in the Aug. 8, 2000, call.

ENRON SHORTAGES empirically have caused higher energy prices and cost billions of dollars

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

Market manipulation and outright criminality are frequent features of the increased use of financial markets

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dramatically in the wake of the Enron scandal, the practices still continue.

Independently, depending on third party Wall Street financing jacks up the cost of energy

Farrell 10  John, GRIST, How renewable incentives affect project ownership, 12-7

It~’s not just the owner who benefits when projects don~’t require complex partnerships to get

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impact by a multiplier, whereas local ownership would keep most revenues local.

THE government~’s pitiful solar policy ensures a weak manufacturing sector and a reduced work-force

Valenza 12   Tor advises solar companies on marketing, communications, and public relations. Why the 1603 Treasury Grant Program Matters to Solar and RE, Renewable Energy World, 3-16, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2012/03/26-senators-go-on-the-record-we-dont-support-solar-jobs-or-any-renewable-energy-jobs

Now, watch the spin cycle: Fewer financiers willing to take risks means fewer

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against 26 senators that want eliminate all solar subsidies, including the ITC.

Manufacturing is critical to creating an economy not built on Wall Street speculation

Elk 10   Mike Elk is a third-generation union organizer and journalist whose work appears frequently in In These Times. He previously worked for Campaign for America~’s Future and the United Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers (UE).  AlterNet, 8-26, http://www.alternet.org/story/147957/despite_fresh_rhetoric_about_saving_u.s._manufacturing%2C_obama_is_quietly_pushing_failed_bush_trade_policies

Rebuilding an economy based on manufacturing makes our society less susceptible to the risks created by Wall Street speculation, and spurs further economic activity outside of manufacturing itself. We can~’t have a stable economy without a sturdy manufacturing base— without it, our prosperity is dictated by the whims of big financiers.

As companies financialize their debt — they are creating the conditions for another recession – high energy means consumers can~’t pay mortgages and can~’t pay for food

Lipson 11  Daniel N. Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Relations at SUNY New Paltz, New Political Science Volume 33, Issue 4, pages 555-575

At the macro level, home construction and sales were two sectors that kept economic

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primarily because of rises in energy costs) for most goods and services.

Rising energy prices cause resource wars, inhumane austerity measures, famine, pandemics and turn America into Detroit

Lipson 11  Daniel N. Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Relations at SUNY New Paltz, New Political Science Volume 33, Issue 4, pages 555-575

Peak oil experts predict that volatile but sharply rising energy costs along with supply disruptions

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gas hydrofracking as leaders perceive pressure from the voters to lower gas prices.

A cash grant prevents banks from upping the price of energy

Farrell 11 (John, "Democratizing the Electricity System: A Vision for the 21st Century Grid" The New Rules Project, June 2011)

In addition to limiting participation in renewable energy development, the federal tax incentives also

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million of dollars in overpayments of federal tax credits to bankers.~~[10~~]

Plan: The United States Federal Government should provide Section 1603 Cash Grants to nontaxable entities for community and residential solar power.

===Solvency===

Providing cash grants to nontaxable entities key to make solar competitive on the local level.

**Farrell 12** John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. "Rooftop Revolution Changing Everything with Cost-Effective Local Solar" Institute for Local self-reliance, march http://www.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/rooftop-revolution-ilsr.pdf

But keeping solar subsidies unchanged also seems senseless. Solar developers in sunny regions like

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solar for each dollar of solar subsidy given in cash rather than credit.

Community solar solves intermittency of solar.

**Bailey 12 **Insecurity For Community Solar: Three Strategies To Confront An Emerging Tension Between Renewable Energy Investment And Federal Securities Laws Kristin L. Bailey J.D. Candidate, University of Colorado Law School Class of 2012. http://www.jthtl.org/content/articles/V10I1/JTHTLv10i1_Bailey.PDF January 2012 Journal on Telecommunications %26 High Technology Law;Winter2012, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p123

Community solar is a term with varying definitions, but for purposes of this Note

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000, for subscribers to the Clean Energy Collective project described below. 12

DG increases critical infrastructure~’s ability to island

**DOE 7** ("The Potential Benefits Of Distributed ¶ Generation And Rate-Related Issues ¶ That May Impede Their Expansion¶ A Study Pursuant To Section 1817¶ Of The Energy Policy Act Of 2005" http://www.ferc.gov/legal/fed-sta/exp-study.pdf)

To address the vulnerabilities of the electric system to intentional disruptions, particularly those ¶

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to increasing the amount of distributed generation in the system (Zerriffi 2004)." 

It diversifies backup generation

**Hirsh et al. 5** (Richard F. Hirsh, Benjamin K. Sovacool, %26 Ralph D. Badinelli "Distributed Generation and Momentum Change in the American Electric Utility System: A Social-science systems Approach" Electric Power Networks Efficiency and Security.)

Surprisingly, perhaps, DG facilities offer enhancements for the transmission of power. By

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if a large power plant goes down due to an attack.~~[34~~]

It solves cascading failures and ensures power for critical infrastructure.

**Andres and Loudermilk 12 **Richard B. Andres, PhD, is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Senior Fellow and Chair of the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy Program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University. Micah J. Loudermilk is Senior Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy Program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, contracted through ASE, Inc. "National Security %26 Distributed Power Generation" No. 24, Sep 2012 http://livebettermagazine.com/eng/magazine/article_detail.lasso?id=352%26-session=user_pref:42F9487313cd739475NXKWN2440B

TODAY, PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES ARE ENTIRELY DEPENDENT ON ELECTRICITY FOR SURVIVAL.

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edge" capability to facilitate restoring regional grids after a large scale failure.

It spurs innovation and solves peak load issues.

**Andres and Loudermilk 12 **Richard B. Andres, PhD, is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Senior Fellow and Chair of the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy Program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University. Micah J. Loudermilk is Senior Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy Program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, contracted through ASE, Inc. "National Security %26 Distributed Power Generation" No. 24, Sep 2012 http://livebettermagazine.com/eng/magazine/article_detail.lasso?id=352%26-session=user_pref:42F9487313cd739475NXKWN2440B

A DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM ALSO HAS ADVANTAGES BEYOND THOSE ACCRUING TO NATIONAL SECURITY. First,

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, and variegated generation has the potential to significantly reduce peak load problems.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 4 | Opponent: CSUF BS | Judge: Jake Ziering

1AC

The current tax code discriminates against local and public entities that want to produce residential solar- only shifting away from tax credits solves.

Farrell 12 John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. “Rooftop Revolution Changing Everything with Cost-Effective Local Solar” Institute for Local self-reliance, march http://www.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/rooftop-revolution-ilsr.pdf

But keeping solar subsidies unchanged also seems senseless. Solar developers in sunny regions like

AND

solar for each dollar of solar subsidy given in cash rather than credit.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should provide Section 1603 Cash Grants to nontaxable entities for community and residential solar power.

FINANCIAL SPECULATION

The financialization of energy turns the power to decide energy decisions over to Wall Street. It’s a way of sidelining future discussions of what are society should look like and it minimizes the amount of people able to participate in energy decision-making

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

“Moving to the market,” however, was proposed as a way of ensuring

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start because minimal change is contemplated in financing this “energy security revolution.”

The financialization of energy is part of a larger attempt by capital to decide life and death. This form of neo-liberalism creates disposable populations and feed’s a disinterest in politics

Giroux 8   * Henry A. McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Social Identities, Vol. 14, No. 5, September 2008, 587-620

Most of these stories place the blame for these crimes on individualized acts of cruelty

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in the hyper-circuits of power that characterize the New Gilded Age.

Wall Street’s understanding of risk condemns the world to poverty and misery

Minda 10 *Gary, Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law School. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law, 18 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y and L. 649

Before the financial crisis, when globalization was hot and money was flowing freely,

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credit creates a crisis that can be regarded as a failure of capitalism.

Enabling individuals to become energy producers rebuilds our understanding of a global form of inter-connectness

Rifkin 3        Jeremy, 2003, The Hydrogen Economy, p. 243.

Were all individuals and communities in the world to become the producers of their own

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itself and becomes as powerful an expression of human interaction as commercial exchange.

The movement to local production in the US creates opportunities for the developing world – which has a democratizing and stabilizing effect on world trade and the global economy, improving the future of millions of people through clean energy.

Marsden 10 D ISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS : A NEW PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Janet, Member, IEEE, Syracuse School Research Fellow November 15, http://syr.academia.edu/JanetMarsden/Papers/430835/DISTRIBUTED_GENERATION_SYSTEMS_A_NEW_PARADIGM_FOR_SUSTAINABLE_ENERGY

Providing local power for US energy production will drive growth in manufacturing and other industries

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in addition to improving the future of millions of people through clean energy.

Our form of politics protects PLACE-BASED COMMUNTIES from being controlled by global corporations. Only the plan JOINs FORCES WITH COMMUNTITIES who are building a more equitable global economy

Hess 9 David J. professor of sociology at Vanderbilt University and member of the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment. Localist Movements in a Global Economy, Sustainability, Justice, and Urban Development in the United States

However, it is also possible that participation in localist politics may open the door

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it encourages businesses not to let economic profitability trump social and environmental goals.

EVEN IF local energy FAILS, it’ll provide examples that the system can’t be reformed

YANITY 4  Electrical Designer responsible for a variety of energy projects. NANA Pacific, Columbia, Brian, Engineering, International Socialist Organization, Socialism and the Energy Question, 4/27, http:~/~/www.upsidedownworld.org/htm

When decisions about energy production and consumption are decided democratically by the majority of people

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only strengthen our argument that the system as a whole is not reformable.

Fossil Capitalism

Capitalism’s drive for profit ignores human and environmental harms. The drive for energy production has meant incalculable harms. For example, coal mining communities have become invisible, “redundant populations,” ignored after their profitability is depleted,

Fox 5 Julia Fox University of Oregon“Mountaintop Removal in West Virginia: An Environmental Sacrifice Zone” Leslie com/search?tbo=pandtbm=bksandq=inauthor:%22Leslie+King%22, Deborah com/search?tbo=pandtbm=bksandq=inauthor:%22Deborah+McCarthy%22, 2005. Environmental Sociology: From Analysis to Action http:~/~/books.google.com/books?id=com/books?id=ol2b0nmgGwECanddq

Historically, West Virginia is a state that has been controlled by coal interests.

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this apparent increase in efficiency lie human and ecological costs that are incalculable.

CENTRALIZED ENERGY CREATES LARGE FACTORIES and perpetuates FOSSIL CAPITALISM

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

Uppercase Energy is an “abstraction which became true in practice.”27 In addition

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, place or context helped mould the belief in infinite economic growth.37

The plan is critical to building a political constituency in support of decentralized renewable energy

Farrell 11 (John, “Democratizing the Electricity System: A Vision for the 21st Century Grid” The New Rules Project, June 2011)

Distributed generation offers a cost-effective and fast-scaling alternative to centralized generation

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fueled generation, helping step away from a carbon-based electricity system.

LAND GRAB – ENERGY SPRAWL IMPACT

Land grabs – their corporations will depend on large-scale transportation corridors

Safransky and Wolford 11  Sara Safransky and Wendy Wolford, Paper, Paper presented at the International Conference on Global Land Grabbing, Organised by the Land Deals Politics Initiative (LDPI) in collaboration with the Journal of Peasant Studies and hosted by the Future Agricultures Consortium at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, April

Much like roads built into the Amazon rainforest, these new transportation corridors facilitate extensive

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turn, increases poverty, violence, inequality, hunger and urban informality.

NATURAL GAS IS A LAND ACQUISITION MACHINE

Goodell 12  - Jeff, contributing editor at Rolling Stone and a frequent contributor to The New York Times Magazine and Yale University’s Environment 360. Winner of 2011 Grantham Prize Award of Special Merit. Rolling Stone, The Big Fracking Bubble: 3-1

By 2003, Chesapeake had expanded deeper into Oklahoma and Texas, as well as

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from gas production, but from selling off land or going into debt.

The impact is a holocaust of species extinction

TRAINER 11   Ted, Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales. RENEWABLE ENERGY – CANNOT SUSTAIN AN ENERGY-INTENSIVE SOCIETY.  7-25

The holocaust of species extinction humans are now causing is primarily due to the fact

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is precisely the taking of the land on which they depend for life.

The aff represents a form of anti-grab resistance

WILLIAMS 12, ISR, Issue 81 • January-February The politics of climate change activism, http://www.isreview.org/issues/81/rev-climatejustice.shtml

The unholy trinity of neoliberal policies—privatization, deregulation, and cuts to social

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, and to preserve their communities in the face of the corporate onslaught.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV BV | Judge: Zendeh
Solar PV could come online really fast so impact timeframe is quick

Farrell 11 (John, “Democratizing the Electricity System: A Vision for the 21st Century Grid” The New Rules Project, June 2011)

1. Vast potential and deployment speed. Nearly every state could meet 20 percent

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projects smaller than 500 kilowatts) because it rarely creates significant grid impacts.

Even small changes solve.

Bronin 10 Sara C. Bronin Associate Professor of Law, University of Connecticut “Curbing Energy Sprawl with Microgrids” December, 2010 Connecticut Law Review 43 Conn. L. Rev. 547 lexis

Even alternative energy has costs. Energy sprawl, an unintended and harmful consequence of

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, even in an incremental way, could radically transform future land use.

Renewable energy pioneers will act as market leaders and provide examples

Pursley and Wiseman 11  -- Garrick B. Assistant Professor of Law, University of Toledo College of Law. Hannah J. Assistant Professor of Law, University of Tulsa College of Law. Emory Law Journal, 60 Emory L.J. 877

At a point in the future that is no longer remote, renewable energy will

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, the wind, the earth's internal heat, and other renewable sources.

Hydrologic cycle solves—water that is used up goes back into the air where it becomes clouds, which becomes usable again when it rains, rinse and repeat.

Palaniappan 8

Meena Palaniappan, director of the International Water and Communities Initiative, Keynote Address, Utah American Planning Association Annual Conference, http:~/~/www.pacinst.org/publications/presentation/peak_water_pdf, November 6, 2008

Water, on the other hand, is a renewable resource—the total amount

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land through precipitation, and from the land to the sea through rivers.

Agriculture overshadows our energy in the amount of water used.

Holbrook 9

Emily Holbrook, editor of Risk Management magazine, Water, Water Everywhere . . . But Not Enough for Business, http:~/~/rmmagazine.com/MGTemplate.cfm?Section=RMMagazineandNavMenuID=128andtemplate=/Magazine/DisplayMagazines.cfmandIssueID=336andAID=3920andVolume=56andShowArticle=1url:http://rmmagazine.com/MGTemplate.cfm?Section=RMMagazineandNavMenuID=128andtemplate=/Magazine/DisplayMagazines.cfmandIssueID=336andAID=3920andVolume=56andShowArticle=1, September 12th, 2009

Agriculture is by far the largest water consumer, with global agricultural processes consuming a

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the global dietary trend towards greater meat consumption will only exacerbate water scarcity.

No impact—consensus of experts

Hsu ‘10

Jeremy, Live Science Staff, July 19, pg. http://www.livescience.com/culture/can-humans-survive-extinction-doomsday-100719.html

His views deviate sharply from those of most experts, who don't view climate change

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crop yields, so we're essentially doing an experiment whose result remains uncertain."

Alt causes - China and India

Sensenbrenner 9 – Congressman and ranking minority member of the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming (James, 4/3, Technology Is the Answer to Climate Change, WSJ, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123871985916184973.html#mod=loomia?loomia_si=t0:a16:g2:r3:c0.191864:b23626456)

The U.S. cannot reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the earth's

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expanding access to electricity, and reducing poverty. I don't blame them.  

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV BV | Judge: Zendeh

Health care October surprise guarantees Obama loss

Washington Times, 9-12-’12 (Phil Gingerella, “LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Give Obama an October surprise” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/12/give-obama-an-october-surprise/)

Now that the 2012 presidential campaign is in full swing, the talk of the

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. Obama how they feel about their health care costs under his plan.

Half as cheap as a tax credit.

BPC 11 Bipartisan Policy Center “Reassessing Renewable Energy Subsidies” http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/BPC_RE%20Issue%20Brief_3-22.pdf

Because those challenges were so acute during the recent economic downturn, Bpc commissioned Bloomberg’s

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carbon energy system without adding to our nation’s long-term debt burden.

No link uniqueness – Obama and Biden already pushing wind and solar tax credits.

Hawkins ’12 (Rodney, “Biden Blasts Romney Over Alternative-Energy Tax Credits” The National Journal. Web, Acc 9/7/2012) http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-presidential-campaign/biden-blasts-romney-over-alternative-energy-tax-credits-20120627

DUBUQUE, com/2012-presidential-campaign/biden-blasts-romney-over-alternative-energy-tax-credits-20120627 -- Vice President Joe Biden on Wednesday lashed out at Mitt Romney

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happen to women's rights in this country, civil rights," he said.¶

Romney winning Ohio – that’s key to the election

Ulsterman, 9-10-’12 (WHITE HOUSE INSIDER: Ohio Now Turning To Romney – Polling Data 101” http://theulstermanreport.com/2012/09/10/white-house-insider-ohio-now-turning-to-romney-polling-data-101/)

Go look up the latest Public Policy poll.  It’s on Ohio. Obama has

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huge. Still want to make time for a sit down.  Soon.

Plan key to Obama victory – green solar jobs biggest issue in swing states

Trabish, 9-9-’12 (Herman, “Could Green Jobs Tip the 2012 Presidential Election?” Green Tech Media, http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Could-Green-Jobs-Tip-the-2012-Presidential-Election/)

Seven of the top seventeen states with the most rapid growth in greentech, according

AND

available to folks in that sector that didn’t exist even three years ago.”

Key to Ohio- companies can’t meet requirements of solar generation in the squo.

The news messenger 9/8 After struggle, Ohio has shown growth in solar energy in the past year http://www.thenews-messenger.com/article/20120908/NEWS01/209080319/After-struggle-Ohio-has-shown-growth-solar-energy-past-year

The purchase was required by a 2008 state law passed with bipartisan support that directs

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of-state for the rest at a lower price, Kaiser said.

Plan is popular with the public- polls prove and our evidence is comparative.

Howard, 11 (Jordan, “Alternative Energy Funding Still Wins Majority Support Of Americans” Huffington Post. Web, Acc 9/7/2012) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/11/alternative-energy-funding-majority-support-pew-study_n_1088497.html

WASHINGTON -- A majority of the public still supports government funding for alternative energ research

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, including 601 respondents via a landline telephone and 404 on a cellphone.

There’s only a risk of the link turn – Obama doesn’t take the blame for bad policies but reaps credit for wins.

Schoenbrod ’93 David Schoenbrod, professor @ Yale “Power Without Responsibility: How Congress Abuses the People Through Delegation” Google Books, Sept 1993

Delegation allows legislators and the president to escape some of the blame for selfish government

AND

legislators and for the costs of achieving the emissions reductions that were enacted.

Economic interdependence prevents any war with China

Perry and Scowcroft 9

William (Michael and Barbara Berberian professor at Stanford University.) and Brent (resident trustee of the Forum for International Policy.) “US Nuclear Weapons Policy.” 2009. Council on Foreign Relations. Online.

Economic interdependence provides an incentive to avoid military conflict and nuclear confrontation. Although the

AND

Beijing-Washington relationship points toward potentially promising dialogues on larger strategic issues.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV BV | Judge: Zendeh
Utility companies will block

Bronin 10 Sara C. Bronin Associate Professor of Law, University of Connecticut “Curbing Energy Sprawl with Microgrids” December, 2010 Connecticut Law Review 43 Conn. L. Rev. 547 lexis

Utility companies, which tend to object to distributed generation-and, by extension

AND

, utilities argue, these costs would be passed on to the consumer.

Utilities are more powerful at the state level than any other lobby.

Bronin 10 Sara C. Bronin Associate Professor of Law, University of Connecticut “Curbing Energy Sprawl with Microgrids” December, 2010 Connecticut Law Review 43 Conn. L. Rev. 547 lexis

By raising unfounded concerns through public hearings, lobbying, and other activities, utility

AND

organized, or as effective, in getting their initiatives passed into law.

Only federal level solves resistance on state level.

Vaheesan 12 Sandeep Vaheesan Associate, Vinson and Elkins, Washington, D.C.; J.D., Duke University, 2010; M.A., Duke University, Department of Economics, 2010 “PREEMPTING PAROCHIALISM AND PROTECTIONISM IN POWER” Winter, 2012 Harvard Journal on Legislation 49 Harv. J. on Legis. 87, lexis

Although NIMBY and protectionist opponents would still have a forum in which to resist transmission

AND

of constructing transmission lines are likely to have equal and offsetting political clout.

CP could be declared unconstitutional- they would be working with grids that overlap which violates the commerce clause bc if they all did it at the same time it would be in violation of what FERC and PURPA did

Ferrey 4   * Steven, Professor of Law, Suffolk University Law School. New York University Environmental Law Journal, 12 N.Y.U. Envtl. L.J. 507

The application of those techniques by a state must be accomplished by means that do

AND

price on wholesale PURPA transactions that discriminates in favor of renewable technologies. 711

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV BV | Judge: Zendeh
Your links oversimplify the aff’s localist politics. The plan is neither part of mainstream or radical politics, it seeks to contest corporations monopoly control of politics, of energy, and of the environment at the community level.

Hess 9 David J. professor of sociology at Vanderbilt University and member of the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment. Localist Movements in a Global Economy, Sustainability, Justice, and Urban Development in the United States

The continuities of localism with socialist, communalist, neoliberal, and liberal politics should

AND

other parts of American cities have become largely abandoned to the nonprofit sector.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 4 | Opponent: CSUF BS | Judge: Zendeh
While we agree that the US is not free of discrimination, the US today is a far more tolerant and inclusive society today than it was in the 1960s, demonstrating that progress through civil society victories is possible.

Broussard 9 Albert S Cornerstone Faculty Fellow and professor of history, specializes in Afro-American history Texas AandM University “LIVING BEYOND THE DREAMS: 40 Years After Dr. King” Black Collegian. New Orleans: Jan 2009. Vol. 39, Iss. 2; pg. 52, 4 pgs

I can testify that the United States, while not entirely free of discrimination against

AND

companies, and as presidents and chancellors of predominately white colleges and universities.

Universalized claims of the slave ignore the way institutions have developed over time and can’t explain every instance of oppression. Your scholarship doesn’t explain the squo.

Brown 9 Vincent Brown is Professor of History and of African and African-American Studies at Harvard University. He is the author of The Reaper’s Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery (Harvard University Press, 2008), which was co-winner of the 2009 Merle Curti Award and received the 2009 James A. Rawley Prize and the 2008–2009 Louis Gottschalk Prize. “Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery” AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW DECEMBER 2009 http://history.fas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/documents/brown-socialdeath.pdf

Indeed, it is difficult to use such a distillation to explain the actual behavior

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it not for the concept’s reemergence in some important new studies of slavery.

Arguing from the position of a priori blackness- that blackness is always already structuring modernity- creates racial fundamentalism, racial patriotism, and racial policing that creates a new kind of slavery and supremacy by having no tolerance for black people that don’t fit their cookie cutter image of what it means to have a black identity. Anyone that doesn’t agree with the negative’s narrow definition of blackness will be pushed to the periphery and purged by the new black majority.

Dyson 11 Michael Eric (American academic, author, and radio host. He is a professor of sociology at Georgetown University) Who’s Afraid of Post-Blackness?: What it means to be black now, Introduction

We can’t argue from a priori Blackness, a Blackness that is given and remains

AND

, we’ve got to step into the sunshine of disobedient and complicated Blackness.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Octos | Opponent: CSUF CT | Judge: 

The role of the affirmative isn’t to describe a totally cogent view of the world – by presenting a series of persuasive causal claims about how the world works we prevent the construction of false threats

Sil, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, and Doherty, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Case Western Reserve University, 2K (Rudra and Eileen, “Beyond Boundaries: Disciplines, Paradigms, and Theoretical Integration in International Studies” p 160-161)

An even stronger case is made by Paul Feyerabend who attacks the very idea that

AND

in validating propositions by scholars embracing all but the most extreme epistemological positions.

Your truth impossible claims are stupid and politically stagnating – process of debate and deliberative discussion solves

Susan Handelman – English Prof, Bar-Ilan University - 1990, Facing the Other: Levinas, Perelman and Rosenzweig, Religion and Literature, Vol. 22, No. 2/3, Religious Thought and Contemporary CriticalTheory (Summer - Autumn, 1990), pp. 61-84

In sum, Levinas and Perelman are both in search of a reason-of

AND

before it is an exchange of information, is at bottom "rhetorical."

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth CK | Judge: Malcolm Gordon
 

The current tax code discriminates against local and public entities that want to produce residential solar- only shifting away from tax credits solves.

Farrell 12 John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. “Rooftop Revolution Changing Everything with Cost-Effective Local Solar” Institute for Local self-reliance, march http://www.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/rooftop-revolution-ilsr.pdf

But keeping solar subsidies unchanged also seems senseless. Solar developers in sunny regions like

AND

solar for each dollar of solar subsidy given in cash rather than credit.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should provide Section 1603 Cash Grants to nontaxable entities and individuals for community and residential solar power.

ADV 1: Grid

Electrical grid is highly vulnerable – threats could shut it down for years and status quo efforts fail.

Magnuson 12 (Stew Magnuson, managing editor of National Defense Magazine, Washington, D.C.-based journalist and the author of The Death of Raymond Yellow Thunder: And Other True Stories from the Nebraska-Pine Ridge Border Towns,  the Nebraska Nonfiction Book of the Year for 2009, bronze medal in the regional nonfiction category, September 2012, “Feds Fear Coordinated Physical, Cyber-Attacks on Electrical Grids,” http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2012/september/Pages/FedsFearCoordinatedPhysical,Cyber-AttacksonElectricalGrids.aspx)

Electrical grids in the United States are vulnerable to both cyber-attacks and space

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be delivered by special rail car, and most are now manufactured overseas.

Obama has invested billions in the smart grid.

Morris, 6/16/2012 (Lindsay, “Obama Administration Pushes for Smart Grid, But is Industry Ready?” Renewable Energy World. Web, Acc 9/27/2012) http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2011/06/obama-administration-pushes-for-smart-grid-but-is-the-industry-ready

Smart Grid is abuzz recently. The Obama Administration outlined a

AND

is looking at ways that can nudge industry and regulators about this issue.”

Smart grid catastrophically fails in three years.

Huff, 5/3/2012 (Ethan, “Hacking Expert David Chalk says 100 percent certainty of catastrophic failure of smart energy grid within three years” Natural News. Web, Acc 9/27/2012) http://www.naturalnews.com/035755_power_grid_failure_blackouts.html

For at least the past five years, the federal government has been pushing utility

AND

Internet, and effectively without any protection, is insanity at its finest.”

Tanks the economy.

Bruch and Hunter 12 MICHAEL BRUCH Head of RandD Risk Consulting LARRY HUNTER Risk Engineer Allianz Risk Consulting Worldwide risk consulting, risk management and loss investigation services for corporate, industrial and specialty risks. Energy risks: Power trip http://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/GRD/GRD%20individual%20articles/Power_blackout_risks_article.pdf

Many companies are unprepared for business disruptions caused by power blackouts, and are often

AND

events could severely damage high-voltage transformers whose repair can take weeks.

Even if there isn’t a large-scale blackout, electricity unreliability costs $500 billion of the GDP, massive unemployment, and decreased competitiveness in trade.

EDR 2011 Economic Development Research Group, Inc. (EDR Group), is a consulting firm focusing specifically on applying state-of-the-art tools and techniques for evaluating economic development performance, impacts, and opportunities. La Capra Associates is an independent consulting firm which has specialized in the electric, natural gas and water industries for over 30 years. This report was prepared for the American Society of Civil Engineers by Economic Development Research Group, Inc. in association with La Capra Associates. FAiluRE to ACt The economic impacT of current Investment trends In ElEctr icity Infrastructure http://www.asce.org/uploadedFiles/Infrastructure/Failure_to_Act/energy_report_FINAL2.pdf

If annual investments in electric energy infrastructure through 2040 continue to average $63 billion

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S. industries. Figure 13 indicates which industries will be most harmed.

Nuclear war

Mead 09 Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, Only Makes You Stronger, The New Republic, www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8andp=2url:http://www.tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8andp=2

The greatest danger both to U.S.-China relations and to American power

AND

the world economy back on track, we may still have to fight.

Independently, a long term blackout destroys civilization as we know it.

Reynolds 12 Glenn Harlan Reynolds is Beauchamp Brogan Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Tennessee “U.S. Woefully Unprepared for a Blackout Like India’s: Analysis” Popular Mechanics August 6 http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/infrastructure/us-woefully-unprepared-for-a-blackout-like-indias-analysis-11413652

But don’t get too comfortable. America’s grid has its own problems, and not

AND

the Washington, D.C., area were without power for days.

DG is key- it diversifies backup generation and solves in the case of a cyber attack

Hirsh et al. 5 (Richard F. Hirsh, Benjamin K. Sovacool, and Ralph D. Badinelli “Distributed Generation and Momentum Change in the American Electric Utility System: A Social-science systems Approach” Electric Power Networks Efficiency and Security.)

Surprisingly, perhaps, DG facilities offer enhancements for the transmission of power. By

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if a large power plant goes down due to an attack.34

DG increases critical infrastructure’s ability to island

DOE 7 (“The Potential Benefits Of Distributed ¶ Generation And Rate-Related Issues ¶ That May Impede Their Expansion¶ A Study Pursuant To Section 1817¶ Of The Energy Policy Act Of 2005” http://www.ferc.gov/legal/fed-sta/exp-study.pdf)

To address the vulnerabilities of the electric system to intentional disruptions, particularly those ¶

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to increasing the amount of distributed generation in the system (Zerriffi 2004).” 

ADV 2: Financial Speculation

The financialization of energy turns the power to decide energy decisions over to Wall Street. It’s a way of sidelining future discussions of what are society should look like and it minimizes the amount of people able to participate in energy decision-making

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

“Moving to the market,” however, was proposed as a way of ensuring

AND

start because minimal change is contemplated in financing this “energy security revolution.”

Financial trading of energy ensures future Enrons -  high prices and bankrupt states

Coile 4   Zachary, SF Gate, New evidence of Enron schemes /

6-15, http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/New-evidence-of-Enron-schemes-Documents-tapes-2713873.php#ixzz25SsxruqA

Enron, which was once a natural gas pipeline company, expanded into virtually every

AND

million...," Belden said in the Aug. 8, 2000, call.

ENRON SHORTAGES empirically have caused higher energy prices and cost billions of dollars

Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012

Market manipulation and outright criminality are frequent features of the increased use of financial markets

AND

dramatically in the wake of the Enron scandal, the practices still continue.

Independently, depending on third party Wall Street financing jacks up the cost of energy

Farrell 10  John, GRIST, How renewable incentives affect project ownership, 12-7

It’s not just the owner who benefits when projects don’t require complex partnerships to get

AND

impact by a multiplier, whereas local ownership would keep most revenues local.

As companies financialize their debt -- they are creating the conditions for another recession – high energy means consumers can’t pay mortgages and can’t pay for food

Lipson 11  Daniel N. Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Relations at SUNY New Paltz, New Political Science Volume 33, Issue 4, pages 555-575

At the macro level, home construction and sales were two sectors that kept economic

AND

primarily because of rises in energy costs) for most goods and services.

Rising energy prices cause resource wars, inhumane austerity measures, famine, pandemics and turn America into Detroit

Lipson 11  Daniel N. Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Relations at SUNY New Paltz, New Political Science Volume 33, Issue 4, pages 555-575

Peak oil experts predict that volatile but sharply rising energy costs along with supply disruptions

AND

gas hydrofracking as leaders perceive pressure from the voters to lower gas prices.

A cash grant prevents banks from upping the price of energy

Farrell 11 (John, “Democratizing the Electricity System: A Vision for the 21st Century Grid” The New Rules Project, June 2011)

In addition to limiting participation in renewable energy development, the federal tax incentives also

AND

million of dollars in overpayments of federal tax credits to bankers.10

Wall Street’s understanding of risk condemns the world to poverty and misery

Minda 10 *Gary, Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law School. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law, 18 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y and L. 649

Before the financial crisis, when globalization was hot and money was flowing freely,

AND

credit creates a crisis that can be regarded as a failure of capitalism.

Enabling individuals to become energy producers rebuilds our understanding of a global form of inter-connectness

Rifkin 3        Jeremy, 2003, The Hydrogen Economy, p. 243.

Were all individuals and communities in the world to become the producers of their own

AND

itself and becomes as powerful an expression of human interaction as commercial exchange.

The movement to local production in the US creates opportunities for the developing world – which has a democratizing and stabilizing effect on world trade and the global economy, improving the future of millions of people through clean energy.

Marsden 10 D ISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS : A NEW PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Janet, Member, IEEE, Syracuse School Research Fellow November 15, http://syr.academia.edu/JanetMarsden/Papers/430835/DISTRIBUTED_GENERATION_SYSTEMS_A_NEW_PARADIGM_FOR_SUSTAINABLE_ENERGY

Providing local power for US energy production will drive growth in manufacturing and other industries

AND

in addition to improving the future of millions of people through clean energy.

Our form of politics protects PLACE-BASED COMMUNTIES from being controlled by global corporations. Only the plan JOINs FORCES WITH COMMUNTITIES who are building a more equitable global economy

Hess 9 David J. professor of sociology at Vanderbilt University and member of the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment. Localist Movements in a Global Economy, Sustainability, Justice, and Urban Development in the United States

However, it is also possible that participation in localist politics may open the door

AND

it encourages businesses not to let economic profitability trump social and environmental goals.

EVEN IF local energy FAILS, it’ll provide examples that the system can’t be reformed

YANITY 4  Electrical Designer responsible for a variety of energy projects. NANA Pacific, Columbia, Brian, Engineering, International Socialist Organization, Socialism and the Energy Question, 4/27, http:~/~/www.upsidedownworld.org/htm

When decisions about energy production and consumption are decided democratically by the majority of people

AND

only strengthen our argument that the system as a whole is not reformable.

Solvency

Providing cash grants to nontaxable entities key to make solar competitive on the local level.

Farrell 12 John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. “Rooftop Revolution Changing Everything with Cost-Effective Local Solar” Institute for Local self-reliance, march http://www.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/rooftop-revolution-ilsr.pdf

But keeping solar subsidies unchanged also seems senseless. Solar developers in sunny regions like

AND

solar for each dollar of solar subsidy given in cash rather than credit.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard KT | Judge: JP
Natural gas demand is too low – prices will bottom out as coal replaces natural gas in electricity generation.
Bloomberg 1/10 “Why Natural Gas Will Stay Cheap in 2013” Businessweek http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-10/why-natural-gas-will-stay-cheap-in-2013
Six weeks ago, natural gas bulls were riding high. By Thanksgiving, prices
AND
their brother can get gas out of the ground and into the system.”
We’re on the brink- even gas at $3 will make companies default.
Helman 12 Christopher, Contributor, Forbes, How Much Is Chesapeake Energy Really Worth? May 22 http://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2012/05/22/how-much-is-chesapeake-energy-really-worth/2/
But the reality is something different. If McClendon could get those prices for those
AND
amazing to watch the market punish someone that they don’t like/trust.”
Bubble bursting makes energy prices skyrocket- companies will cook the book and go bankrupt, gutting natural gas supply immediately.
Santos 12 Paulo Santos is a Portuguese independent trader, analyst and algorithmic trading expert, having worked for both sell side (brokerage) and buy side (fund management) institutions. Paulo has been trading professionally for about 16 years and also launched www.thinkfn.com in 2004. “Shale Gas Bust Implications” May 10 http://seekingalpha.com/article/577451-shale-gas-bust-implications
Mark Anthony and I have been having divergences regarding dispatch switching. Dispatch switching happens
AND
boot are Exelon (EXC) and Public Service Enterprise Group (PEG).
Enron proves – shortage empirically caused higher energy prices and cost billions of dollars
Hildyard et al 12 Nicholas, The Corner House, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012
Market manipulation and outright criminality are frequent features of the increased use of financial markets
AND
dramatically in the wake of the Enron scandal, the practices still continue.
As companies financialize their debt -- they are creating the conditions for another recession – high energy means consumers can’t pay mortgages and can’t pay for food
Lipson 11 Daniel N. Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Relations at SUNY New Paltz, New Political Science Volume 33, Issue 4, pages 555-575
At the macro level, home construction and sales were two sectors that kept economic
AND
primarily because of rises in energy costs) for most goods and services.
Rising energy prices cause resource wars, inhumane austerity measures, famine, pandemics and turn America into Detroit
Lipson 11 Daniel N. Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Relations at SUNY New Paltz, New Political Science Volume 33, Issue 4, pages 555-575
Peak oil experts predict that volatile but sharply rising energy costs along with supply disruptions
AND
natural gas hydrofracking as leaders perceive pressure from the voters to lower gas prices

Resource wars cause prolif and nuclear war.
Wooldridge 9 political writer and former lecturer at Cornell University (Frosty, “Humanity galloping toward its greatest crisis in the 21st century” http://www.australia.to/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=10042:humanity-galloping-toward-its-greatest-crisis-in-the-21st-centuryandcatid=125:frosty-wooldridgeandItemid=244)
It is clear that most politicians and most citizens do not recognize that returning to
AND
worst (and not unlikely) case, a nuclear war ending civilization.
Increasing solar power forces utilities to buy more natural gas to supplement intermittency.
Miller 13 John Miller Energy Consultant and Professional Engineer. “Why Expanded Alternative Energy Increases the Need for Natural Gas” Jan 29 http://theenergycollective.com/jemillerep/178096/expanded-wind-and-solar-power-increase-need-natural-gas
Wind and Solar Power Impacts on Power Grid Stabilities – Power grid supply-demand
AND
to expanded wind and solar power capacity until cost effective alternatives are developed.
That solves profitability.
Tverber 12 Gail Tverberg has an M. S. from the University of Illinois, Chicago in Mathematics, and is a Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society and a Member of the American Academy of Actuaries. “Why Natural Gas Won’t Save the World” Oct 21 http://oilprice.com/Energy/Natural-Gas/Why-Natural-Gas-Wont-Save-the-World.html
Exactly what price is needed for shale gas to be profitable is subject to debate
AND
they go head to head with fossil fuels, nuclear, and hydroelectric.

Distributed generation is key to stabilize the grid and spur natural gas usage.
Woolsey et al 10 R. JAMES WOOLSEY was the director of central intelligence from 1993 to 1995 and chairs Woolsey Partners. RACHEL KLEINFELD is the co-founder and CEO of the Truman National Security Project. CHELSEA SEXTON is the founder of the Lightning Rod Foundation. “No Strings Attached: The Case for a Distributed Grid and a Low-Oil Future” World Affairs http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/no-strings-attached-case-distributed-grid-and-low-oil-future
With regard to electricity, our investigation has led us to conclude that distributed generation
AND
. But Germany and forty other countries have made this financing system work well

Tournament: Northwestern | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
most recent K and policy versions attached below- from Northwestern Tournament

Tournament: Northwestern | Round: 6 | Opponent: Mo State | Judge: Lundeen
Nat gas is key to the chemical industry

Blitz 11 George J. Biltz Vice President, Energy and Climate Change Dow Chemical Company “Committee On Energy And Natural Resources United States Senate Hearing On The Future Of Natural Gas”, 7/19/2011 http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=42c5c3ee-b9d1-69e2-3307-f3c4fbde9a5a) 

Major sectors that use natural gas include the power, manufacturing, residential, commercial
AND
policies on natural gas price and the competitiveness of the US manufacturing sector.

US chemical industry key to innovation.
BCST 7 (Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, 2007, The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges, http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11866andpage=16, p. 16-18, RBatra)

HOW IMPORTANT IS IT FOR THE UNITED STATES TO LEAD IN CHEMISTRY RESEARCH? Chemistry
AND
materials from biomass to replace the use of petroleum-derived materials.3

Tournament: Northwestern | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1- The CP is illegal- only the feds can mandate utilities to pay local generators for power
Ferrey 4 Steven, Professor of Law, Suffolk University Law School New York University Environmental Law Journal, 12 N.Y.U. Envtl L.J. 507

The state sought to ensure that renewable power was part of the supply procurement profile
AND
estimated at the utility's avoided cost at the time of contract signing. 654
2- Perm do both- shields the link to politics- plan isn’t a capital costing fight if every governing body including Republican controlled states enact the plan- perm absorbs your capital arguments
3- States links to politics- blame will spill up to Obama
Kiely 12 EUGENE KIELY, Washington assignment editor USA today, February 17, 2012 Factcheck.org “Did Obama ‘Approve’ Bridge Work for Chinese Firms?” http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-obama-approve-bridge-work-for-chinese-firms/
Who’s to blame, if that’s the right word, if the project ends up
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spending taxpayer money on Chinese firms to build U.S. bridges.
4- Uniform 50 state fiat destroys education
A- States are supposed to be a marketplace for ideas- we don’t get that debate with uniformity
B- It’s an unfair test of fed action since there’s no literature on harmonious implementation- guts the aff’s best offense
C- You should only evaluate arguments about how lit based state CPs would be implemented on the state level- that’s the only way to ensure accurate and predictable debates
5- Utilities will foot drag- they don’t like DG
Bronin 10 Sara C. Bronin Associate Professor of Law, University of Connecticut “Curbing Energy Sprawl with Microgrids” December, 2010 Connecticut Law Review 43 Conn. L. Rev. 547 lexis

Utility companies, which tend to object to distributed generation-and, by extension
AND
, utilities argue, these costs would be passed on to the consumer.
They’ll push centralized solar- RPS proves
Pursley and Wiseman 11 Garrick, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Toledo College of Law, and Hannah, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Tulsa College of Law, “Local Energy”, Emory Law Journal, 60 Emory L.J. 877

Currently, many states have chosen to adopt policies that empower local governments to experiment
AND
of local hazardous waste rules that are more restrictive than statewide standards. n391
Utilities are the most influential group in drafting energy policies on the state level.
Bronin 10 Sara C. Bronin Associate Professor of Law, University of Connecticut “Curbing Energy Sprawl with Microgrids” December, 2010 Connecticut Law Review 43 Conn. L. Rev. 547 lexis

By raising unfounded concerns through public hearings, lobbying, and other activities, utility
AND
organized, or as effective, in getting their initiatives passed into law.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Economic growth prevents war – eliminates concern for relative growth
Mousseau, Professor IR Koç University, ’12 (Michael, “The Democratic Peace Unraveled: It’s the Economy” International Studies Quarterly, p 1-12)
Contract-intensive economy, in contrast, is positive-sum-like:
AND
formal anarchy, since among contract-rich nations war is literally unspeakable.

We’re on the verge of a global consciousness shift towards biospheric empathy – makes growth environmentally sustainable and solves every impact – collapse now destroys transition
Rifkin 10 Rifkin 10 – Jeremy Rifkin, President of the Foundation on Economic Trends, January 11, 2010, “'The Empathic Civilization': Rethinking Human Nature in the Biosphere Era,” online: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeremy-rifkin/the-empathic-civilization_b_416589.html
The pivotal turning points in human consciousness occur when new energy regimes converge with new
AND
same time interconnected via smart grids to other regions across countries and continents.

Growth is sustainable- No shot of de-growth – too much opposition.
Rull ’10 Valenti Rull, at the Botanical Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), 2010, EMBO Reports, http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v11/n9/full/embor2010116.html
Although steady-state and de-growth are interesting and promising proposals to meet
AND
require a GGR to increase food production and reduce the degradation of nature. 

Transition wars- countries lashout causing billions to die-short term internal link to turn their impacts.
Ted Trainer 2000, lecturer in the School of Social Work, University of New South Wales, March 2000, Democracy and Nature, Vol. 6, No. 1, “Where are we, where do we want to be, how do we get there?” http://www.democracynature.org/dn/vol6/trainer_where.htm
If there is a boom we in the Eco-village Movement should welcome it
AND
, and the most effective way to do that is by developing examples.
Environment improving now because of growth.
Goklany 9 – Indur M. Goklany is the Assistant Director for Science and Technology Policy, Office of Policy Analysis, US Department of the Interior, and co-editor of the Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development, Have increases in population, affluence and technology worsened human and environmental well-being?, The Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development (2009) 1(3)
In the 1990s, several economists undertook empirical analysis of the relationship between economic growth
AND
and contrast their expe- rience with that of the U.S.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Political capital is fabricated- you can’t predict momentum or uplanned events. There’s only a risk the plan is a win.
Hirsh, Chief Correspondent National Journal, 2-7-’13 (Michael, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital” National Journal, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)
On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
AND
but to move. It’s your choice.¶ The future is wide open.

House will say no to citizenship that kills the whole bill
Sargent, 2-5-’13 (Greg, “The Morning Plum: Immigration reform in jeopardy?” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/02/05/the-morning-plum-immigration-reform-in-jeopardy/)
Today, the GOP-controlled House Judiciary Committee will hold hearings on the bipartisan
AND
accepting citizenship, House Republicans are putting immigration reform in jeopardy, right?

Overloading the agenda is key- single issue focus tanks the agenda.
Todd et al 2/5 Chuck Todd, Mark Murray, Domenico Montanaro, and Brooke Brower “First Thoughts: Flooding the zone” http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/05/16852487-first-thoughts-flooding-the-zone?lite
Exactly one week away from President Obama’s State of the Union address, the White
AND
ceiling, etc), officials determined they lost some of their political capital.

1603 cash grants for small scale solar is distinct and popular- only our ev is comparative
SolSystems 12 “1603 Grant Fails to Pass in the Senate” April 18 http://www.solsystemscompany.com/blog/2012/04/18/1603-grant-fails-to-pass-in-the-senate/
However, the opposition points to the failure of large-scale, capital-
AND
the Congressional opposition that highlights the loss of revenue from costly failed projects.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Current tax credits for renewables bolster the tax equity industry of banks and Wall Street firms who reap all the profit
Farrell 12 John Farrell is an Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR) senior researcher specializing in energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. Energy Self Reliant States, 4-19
A regular tax credit reduces the amount of taxes a business or person pays dollar
AND
project owners wouldn’t require big tax bills or Wall Street to finance projects.
The current tax code discriminates against local and public entities that want to produce residential solar- only shifting away from tax credits solves.
Farrell 12 John Farrell directs the Energy Self-Reliant States and Communities program at the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and he focuses on energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy. “Rooftop Revolution Changing Everything with Cost-Effective Local Solar” Institute for Local self-reliance, march http://www.ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/rooftop-revolution-ilsr.pdf
But keeping solar subsidies unchanged also seems senseless. Solar developers in sunny regions like
AND
solar for each dollar of solar subsidy given in cash rather than credit.

The aff solves the impact- we materially challenge our relation to energy and actualize sustainable alternatives.
Pierce and Paulos 10 James Pierce, researcher and designer focused primarily on the areas of Human-Computer Interaction and Design. I am currently a PhD student at the HCI Institute at Carnegie Mellon University working with Eric Paulos in the Living Environments Lab. Previously I was at Indiana University where I earned a master's in Human-Computer Interaction Design. Eric Paulos, Assistant Professor University of California, Berkeley Berkeley Center for New Media Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. “Materializing Energy” Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf
Our approach is grounded in a belief that sustainable interaction design can benefit from and
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radically sustainable ways of being to materialize as our normal ways of being.  

Don’t overgeneralize the power of local generation- they are proactive agents of change key to generating a cultural shift

Devine- Wright 7 Patrick chartered environmental psychologist and member of the British Psychological Society, committed to working in interdisciplinary contexts on research with significance for policy makers and practitioners. I joined the University of Manchester in 2006, having previously held posts as Research Fellow and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University. I have a degree in Psychology from Trinity College, Dublin; an MSc in Environmental Psychology (Surrey) and a PhD in Social Psychology (Surrey). Governing Technology for Sustainability Chapter 4 Energy Citizenship: Psychological Aspects of Evolution in Sustainable Energy Technologies http://oro.open.ac.uk/4026/1/#page=80

Recent advocacy for micro-generation energy technologies highlight the potential of decentralization for greater
AND
the individual to regain this self-sufficiency. (Wickes, 2005)

Local solar solves detachment from energy systems- causes public engagement and influence in energy decision making

Devine- Wright 7 Patrick chartered environmental psychologist and member of the British Psychological Society, committed to working in interdisciplinary contexts on research with significance for policy makers and practitioners. I joined the University of Manchester in 2006, having previously held posts as Research Fellow and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University. I have a degree in Psychology from Trinity College, Dublin; an MSc in Environmental Psychology (Surrey) and a PhD in Social Psychology (Surrey). Governing Technology for Sustainability Chapter 4 Energy Citizenship: Psychological Aspects of Evolution in Sustainable Energy Technologies http://oro.open.ac.uk/4026/1/#page=80

Circulating alongside this ‘deficit’ view, an alternative representation of the public can be
AND
such engagement may create better conditions for consensus to emerge about new development.

Tournament: Northwestern | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
You should affirm socio-political results as more important than self analysis

Strathausen 4, Assoc Pf of German and English Studies, U of Missouri-Columbia,
(Carsten, theory @ buffalo 9)

Confronted with this criticism, Bourdieu readily acknowledges his tendency to "transform philosophical problems
AND
philosophical questions need to be explained historically and solved pragmatically, not theoretically.
Alt sets the bar too high – even if our predictions aren’t perfect, they’re good enough to act upon
Cowen 4 - Professor of Economics – George Mason University
Tyler, “The Epistemic Problem Does Not Refute Consequentialism”, 11-2, http://www.gmu.edu/jbc/Tyler/Epistemic2.pdf, p. 14-15
The epistemic critique relies heavily on a complete lack of information about initial circumstances.
AND
uncertainty should not stop us from pursuing large upfront benefits of obvious importance.

Complexity theory causes worse decision-making—means we don’t examine proximate cause
Clemens 1 – Professor of Political Science @ Boston
Walter, Europe’s New Security Challenges, p. 64-66
Economic security. What if the main threat to Europe is thought to be eco
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, however, Russia depends far more on the US than vice versa.

Permutation solves- this is specifically true of policies that the environment and the economy
Levy and Lichtenstein, 2011 – Levy is a Professor in Management and Marketing at UMass while Lichtenstein is an associate professor in management at UMass (David and Benyamin, “Approaching Business and the Environment with Complexity Theory”, Oxford Press, http://www.faculty.umb.edu/david_levy/LevyLicht2011_complexity_chap32.pdf) BZ

Opportunities exist here for research into the appropriate form and combination of top-down
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character and behavior complex systems at the interface of business and the environment.
Even if complexity theory is true in the abstract, some degree of linear analysis is necessary for economic and environmental policy
Garrett, 2012 – BA from Stanford, PhD from Brandeis University, rom Director of Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council (Banning, “In Search of Sand Piles and Butterflies”, http://www.acus.org/disruptive_change/search-sand-piles-and-butterflies)//BZ
“Disruptive change” that produces “strategic shocks” has become an increasing concern
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respond, and our ability to see opportunities that we would otherwise miss.”

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No way SMR solves that quick.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch ‘12
Jeffrey Tomich, http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/05/10/small-problem.html ETB
For all the hype, small reactors are still at least a decade away.
AND
,” Klein said. “We’re going to have to see some built.”

Links to politics
Fairley 10 Peter, IEEE Spectrum, May, "Downsizing Nuclear Power Plants,” spectrum.ieee.org/energy/nuclear/downsizing-nuclear-power-plants/0
However, there are political objections to SMRs. Precisely because they are more affordable
AND
today’s reactors. But, politically at least, they’re just as nuclear.

Siting issues block SMRs – cant solve grid
Andres and Bretz 11
Richard B. Andres is Professor of national Security Strategy at the national War College and a Senior fellow and energy and environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic research, institute for national Strategic Studies, at the national Defense University. Hanna L. Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts institute of technology. Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications, Feb 11, 2011,  http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf
Small reactors used on domestic military bases are likely to face a number of additional
AND
and determining whether Permissive Action Links technology could be used to safeguard them.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff solves the impact- we materially challenge our relation to energy and actualize sustainable alternatives.
Pierce and Paulos 10 James Pierce, researcher and designer focused primarily on the areas of Human-Computer Interaction and Design. I am currently a PhD student at the HCI Institute at Carnegie Mellon University working with Eric Paulos in the Living Environments Lab. Previously I was at Indiana University where I earned a master's in Human-Computer Interaction Design. Eric Paulos, Assistant Professor University of California, Berkeley Berkeley Center for New Media Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. “Materializing Energy” Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf
Our approach is grounded in a belief that sustainable interaction design can benefit from and
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radically sustainable ways of being to materialize as our normal ways of being.  
The impact is inevitable- policymakers only view energy as a commodity
Devine- Wright 7 Patrick chartered environmental psychologist and member of the British Psychological Society, committed to working in interdisciplinary contexts on research with significance for policy makers and practitioners. I joined the University of Manchester in 2006, having previously held posts as Research Fellow and Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University. I have a degree in Psychology from Trinity College, Dublin; an MSc in Environmental Psychology (Surrey) and a PhD in Social Psychology (Surrey). Governing Technology for Sustainability Chapter 4 Energy Citizenship: Psychological Aspects of Evolution in Sustainable Energy Technologies http://oro.open.ac.uk/4026/1/#page=80

One reason for this lack of awareness of social aspects of energy system evolution might
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they have not displaced the dominant position of the commodity view of energy.

ONTOLOGICAL POLITICS CREATES THE CONDITIONS FOR IDEOLOGY- it simply makes unnecessary observations that preclude analysis and action.

Strathausen, Department of German and Russian Studies, U of Missouri-Columbia, 06   (Carsten, PostModern Culture, A Critique of Neo-Left Ontology, 16.3)

Ontological argument is static, undialectical, and unhistorical. It apodictically posits a truth
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ontology is a false thought enabled and sustained by a false human practice. 

ANTI-MANAGEMENT ARGUMENTS PRODUCES POLITICAL PASSIVITY:
POSTEL, Editor of Dedalus, 2003    (Danny, The Nation, 12/22, v277, p EXAC)

Gray has outlined a program for complete political passivity. There is no point whatsoever
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of life that will always be different can come to coexist in peace"?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Methane doesn’t materially effect overall US emissions
O’Sullivan 12 Francis O’Sullivan MIT Energy Initiative and Sergey Paltsev MIT Energy Initiative MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change “Shale gas production: potential versus actual greenhouse gas emissions” Environ. Res. Lett. 7 (2012) 044030 (6pp)
Taking actual field practice into account, we estimate that in 2010 the total fugitive
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gas produced during a typical flowback cover the cost of executing such completions.

Regulations solves
Stolorow 12 Adam, Contributor, “EPA Issues New Regulations on Air Emissions from Natural Gas Drilling” May 2 http://blog.sprlaw.com/2012/05/epa-issues-new-regulations-on-air-emissions-from-natural-gas-drilling/
Last month, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) issued
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reported that green completions can be a profitable addition to their wellhead operations.

Tournament: D1 Quals | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stanford GS | Judge: Abi Williams

The United State federal government should repeal all restrictions on American Indian solar power

ENERGY IMPERIALISM

The status quo allows for cycles of structural violence to occur on Native lands—-sovereign development of renewable energy is necessary to combat fossil fuel colonialism

Gough 9 Intertribal Council On Utility Policy; paper submitted by Honor the Earth, the Intertribal Council on Utility Policy, the Indigenous Environmental Network, and the International  Indian Treaty Council (Bob, Energy Justice in Native America, A Policy Paper for Consideration by the Obama Administration and the 111th Congress, www.mynewsletterbuilder.com/email/newsletter/1409857447)

A just nation-to-nation relationship means breaking the cycle of asking Native
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the future, providing a unique opportunity for stabilizing an energy intensive economy.

Failure to recognize colonial domination of Native’s is the root of war—-hegemony is a narcissistic fantasy that makes conflict inevitable

Street 4 member of the International Organization for a Participatory Society~1~ and holds a doctorate in U.S. History from Binghamton University. Author of many books and former Director of Research and Vice President for Research and Planning at the Chicago Urban League (Paul, Those Who Deny The Crimes of the Past: American Racist Atrocity Denial 101, http://www.blackcommentator.com/82/82_think_street.html)

Americans are clearly faced with a choice.  On the one hand, they can
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roamed by an immeasurably more civilized people than those who came to destroy.  

Tribal governments control over solar power is critical to improving institutions, rallying tribes to come together, promoting cultural awareness and promoting energy independence

Dreveskracht 11 Ryan D. Dreveskracht is an attorney focusing on tribal economic development and defending tribal sovereignty. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington, THE JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT, "Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects," January Volume 34, Number 2

The strength of a nation’s institutions is often tied to energy. According to a
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distance transportation is needed. Tribes already have some of the framework available.
Solar power can become a tool to resist current energy imperialism, four reasons:

Dreveskracht 11 Ryan D. Dreveskracht is an attorney focusing on tribal economic development and defending tribal sovereignty. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington, THE JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT, "Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects," January Volume 34, Number 2

It is incumbent upon tribal governments and non-Indians alike to realize that there
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the grid as they can sell their excess power to traditional utilities.77 

Native renewable energy is key for Natives to lift themselves out of poverty.

Bloomberg Businessweek 12 "Navajo community banks on proposed solar array" April 26 http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-04/D9UCRUB00.htm
This flat, dusty stretch of prairie in central New Mexico is where the leaders
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Look at that," she said. "Now that’s a good sign."

Poverty on Native American reservations is equivalent to an ongoing genocide.

Churchill ’03 (Ward, American Writer and Political Activist, former professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Routledge,Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader pg 70-1)

All of this is, unfortunately, on paper. The practical reality is that
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provided for a semblance of postoperational clean up of mining and processing sites.

Plan

The United State federal government should repeal all federal and state restrictions on American Indian solar power.
That’s key to self-determination and tribal empowerment.

Kronk 12 Elizabeth Ann Kronk Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law. J.D., University of Michigan School of Law; B.S., Cornell University "Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform" 2012 Pace University School of Law Pace Environmental Law Review Spring, 2012 Pace Environmental Law Review 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811, lexis

If Congress truly wishes the federal government to be free from liability with regard to
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to provide adequate oversight to effectively manage resource development in Indian country. n160

The plan is the only way to prevent state-tribal conflict and prevent state governments from preempting the implementation of solar projects in Indian country. Federal preemption is an explicit federal recognition of tribal sovereignty

Dreveskracht 11 Ryan D. Dreveskracht is an attorney focusing on tribal economic development and defending tribal sovereignty. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington, THE JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT, "Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects," January Volume 34, Number 2

Obama’s hopes of a ’’clean energy economy’’ will not be realized unless the current
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’’161 However, as we have seen, this is not the case. 

Native sovereignty is key to maintain culture, sustain Native economies, undermine capitalist interests, re-educate the American public and achieve self-determination

Dreveskracht 11 Ryan D. Dreveskracht is an attorney focusing on tribal economic development and defending tribal sovereignty. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington, THE JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT, "Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects," January Volume 34, Number 2

In fact, no current incident of continued economic development has been found where a
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achieve its sociocultural goals, and support its sovereignty and governing process.’’53 

When presented with the aff you should change your decision calculus- we must move away from short-term low probability fetishized economy impacts and evaluate policies that affect Native culture and future generations. Any other impact frame justifies total Native genocide and risks the survival of the planet.

Tsosie 9 Rebecca Tsosie Professor of Law, Willard H. Pedrick Distinguished Research Scholar, and Executive Director of the Indian Legal Program at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University. 4 Envt’l %26 Energy L. %26 Pol’y J. 188 "climate change, sustainability and globalization: charting the future of indigenous environmental self-determination" lexis

The accelerated rate of climate change poses an environmental reality that no nation can afford
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tensions over development evoke intercultural norms of value, sustainability, and justice.

Probability should be evaluated before magnitude- each internal link makes their scenario less likely.

Rescher in 83, Prof. of Philosophy Nicholas Rescher, University of Pittsburgh Professor of Philosophy, "Risk: A Philosophical Introduction to the Theory of Risk Evaluation and Management" 1983 

A probability is a number between zero and one. Now numbers between zero and
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satisfactory index of the overall seriousness or gravity of a situation of hazard.

People have a cognitive bias against high probability-low magnitude impacts. You should undervalue their DAs – the longer the chain of events the less likely the scenario

Yudkowsky 6 ~Eliezer, 8/31/2006. Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence Palo Alto, CA. "Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks, Forthcoming in Global Catastrophic Risks, eds. Nick Bostrom and Milan Cirkovic,singinst.org/upload/cognitive-biases.pdf-http://singinst.org/upload/cognitive-biases.pdf.
4. The Conjunction Fallacy Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken,
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a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy.

Obsession with short-time frame impacts obscures ongoing violence that doesn’t fit neatly within conventional temporal frames

Nixon 10 (Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pp 1-14)
When Lawrence Summers, then president of the World Bank, advocated thai the bank
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how our rhetorical conventions for bracketing violence routinely ignore ongoing, belated casualties.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stanford | Judge: Abi Williams
Our interpretation is that academic debate should be a counterweight to the dysfunctional Congress- we should debate about good policies that Congress never considers.
a) Role-playing is a bad analogy – we shouldn’t roleplay Congress because politicians advance politically defensible policies – not Just policies.
b) Best Education -- Empirically academic debate can have powerful effects on public policy. We should make debate a market-place for ideas, not a simulation of Congress.
c) politics debates have diminishing educational returns – political capital and horse-trading theory are basic and everyone understands them already at this level.
PC Not Key – Obama’s on the sidelines letting the Senate slow play it
Preston and Shear 2/18
Julia Preston was a member of The New York Times team that won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for reporting on international affairs for its series that profiled the corrosive effects of drug corruption in Mexico.  Ms. Preston became a national correspondent covering immigration for The Times in April 2006. Michael D. Shear, chief writer for The Caucus, the political blog for The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/18/us/politics/white-house-continues-work-on-its-own-immigration-bill.html
In the face of the sharp Republican criticism of Mr. Obama’s plan, the
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. McDonough said the administration was preparing draft legislation only as a backup.
PC not key- reform is already bipartisan
Gaertner 2-12
Tom, “Thoughts About the Gun Control Debate - And a Couple of Predictions,” http://www.wauwatosanow.com/blogs/communityblogs/190253911.html
First-off it's a non-starter for the Republican-controlled House of
AND
powder dry for the gathering storm over the debt ceiling and the sequester.
Obama isn’t key- Republicans don’t listen to him
Parsons 2-4 - White House correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times and Tribune newspaper chain
Christi, http://articles.latimes.com/print/2013/feb/04/nation/la-na-obama-20130204
Whether a president has the power to generate a tide of public sentiment remains a
AND
that the party's return to the White House would require more Latino support.

Vote is too far off and XO solves
Neyoy 2-8
Cesar, “Grijalva: Debate on immigration may take time”, http://www.yumasun.com/news/reform-85153-congress-immigration.html
Congress could begin debate within six months on an immigration reform measure that could give
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we don't have any concrete proposal. We are practically starting from scratch.”
Republicans and Democrats have an incentive to support the plan.
Jones 11, Obama and GOP Should Cut Red Tape Blocking Tribe's Green Energy, Van Jones, Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress, American Progress Action Fund, 01/31/11, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/van-jones/obama-gop-should-cut-red_b_816377.html

Obama and the GOP should join forces to remove the bureaucratic barriers to rapid renewable
AND
and party lines to take on the next phase of our economic recovery.

No opposition to the plan
The Examiner 12 “Obama energy policy cripples justice for Native Americans” Feb 23 http://washingtonexaminer.com/obama-energy-policy-cripples-justice-for-native-americans/article/307486#.UPpMgaFU6MM

President Obama’s heavy-handed energy regulations and Big Green’s egregious legal delays have crippled
AND
on an important bill were it not for the unexpected lack of opposition.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stanford | Judge: Abi Williams
the courts force tribes to maintain outdated governing institutions as a pre-requisite to addressing tribal issues.
Dreveskracht 11 Ryan David Dreveskracht Judicial Law Clerk, Judge Kathleen Kay, United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana; L.L.M. in Sustainable International Development, University of Washington School of Law, 2010; J.D., University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law 68 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 27, Winter “Native Nation Economic Development via the Implementation of Solar Projects: How to Make It Work”

Substantially contributing to the failure of current Indian institutions is the fact that many tribal
AND
they often fail, and true self-determination is never realized. 87

The CP can’t solve the aff because it MASSIVELY EXPANDS federal responsibility. The CP assumes that the federal government is both liable and responsible for the development of energy within Indian country – so even if the CP prevents energy imperialism, it can never solve for our tribal accountability args – because it doesn’t give the tribes the final say over what energy is developed and what corporations should be partnered with. Tribes won’t have any sense of responsibility or ownership with the CP which is critical to practical sovereignty

Your author - Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy
Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and
the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

In addition to apparent consistency with the federal trust responsibility, federal liability under the
AND
after a tribe enters into a TERA with the Secretary of the Interior.

The counterplan trades off with sovereignty
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

*849  The discussion below offers two suggestions for reform. These options,
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to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs in comments submitted in 2003. n141

Tournament: Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stanford | Judge: Abi Williams
We don’t want a law on the books, we want a repeal of current laws. Churchill supports the aff

CHURCHILL 3   Ward, ACTS OF REBELLION - THE WARD CHURCHILL READER

What I’ve called for are lines of action that materially erode the power concentrated in
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weight of laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations that already exist.

Your argument creates violence in reverse

HODGSON 2 -- DOROTHY L. Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, American Anthropologist • Vol. 104, No. 4 • December
A few anthropologists caution even more distance, given the implication of anthropological ideas of
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they hold the hope of peaceful resolution. Li 2002:361 

It can’t get much worse – you’d have to win 100% risk in order to win a turn 

Glennon and Reeves 10  -- Robert Glennon is the Morris K. Udall Professor of Law and Public Policy at the University of Arizona, Andrew Reeves is a third-year student at the University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law and the 2009-2010 recipient of the Sol Resnick Water Resources Fellowship. Arizona Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, Fall

Two-time Green Party vice-presidential nominee and famed environmental and Native American
AND
Native communities from one of exploitation to one of equity. . . ."

Your link arguments are backwards – treaties enable confrontations with the state. It increases native experience with resisting state oppression

Clark 2, -- Brett, Professor Sociology and Anthropology – NC State, “The indigenous environmental movement in the United States”, Organization and Environment, Vol. 15, pg. 4

The unique history of Native Americans and the U.S. government, based
AND
basis and political leverage for sustaining these social movements and confronting the state.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stanford | Judge: Abi Williams
You have pre-decided that racism must be the lens through which to view all other oppression- this assimilation of Native experience creates a theoretical hegemony that guarantees continued racism. Treating sovereignty as separate is a better way to call out the state.
CHANG 92  -- Professor of Law at U of Hawaii, has done extensive work in the development of water rights and the state water code. He served as a Deputy Attorney General and represented Chief Justice William S. Richardson in a number of critical property rights cases. He also helped to found the Native Hawaiian Advisory Commission where he also served as Litigation Director. Williamson B.C., The "Wasteland" in the Western Exploitation of "Race" and the Environment, 63 U. Colo. L. Rev. 849, 866

Thus the left, particularly left "people of color," must confront the possibility
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they threaten the property rights of private citizens who benefit from these lands.

And it solves- they are mutually supporting
Love 12  David A, The Grio, Native American roots in Black America run deep, 11-22, http://thegrio.com/2012/11/22/native-american-roots-in-black-america-run-deep/

African slaves were known to escape from the plantations and find refuge among Indian tribes
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conditions and the white man’s incursion, and they married and had children.
And excluding the aff diverts antagonism away from the oppressor
INDIAN VOICES 12 12-23, Bad Blood?: The Visibility and Invisibility of Violence in the Antagonism Between Native Americans and African Americans, http://www.indianvoices.net/latest-editorials/252-bad-blood-the-visibility-and-invisibility-of-violence-in-the-antagonism-between-native-americans-and-african-americans

Pitting people of color—particularly African Americans and Native Americans— against one another
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friends—perhaps even both Native— working in coalition with one another.
The alt can’t solve- Philosophizing about rejecting racism in all instances can’t change oppression- only practical efforts have a chance of challenging global structures
Ackerly and Vandenbergh 8  -- BROOKE ACKERLY, Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University. MICHAEL P. VANDENBERGH, Professor of Law, Co-Director, Regulatory Program, and Director, Climate Change Research Network, Vanderbilt University Law School. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Summer

Public and private measures are necessary to address the global justice issues that arise from
AND
global justice, thereby laying the ground work for global public governance solutions.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northwestern  LV | Judge:
==REMOVE APPROVAL 1AC==

===1 – Status Quo===

====No tribe has chosen to enter a TERA – they~’re costly and have excessive requirements, making it too cumbersome for tribes that just want a few solar panels instead of making a completely new leasing regime====

**Royster 12** Judith V. Royster Chapman Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. Research for this article was supported by a University of Tulsa College of Law Summer Research Grant 2012 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Stanford Environmental Law Journal March, 2012 Stanford Environmental Law Journal 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91 Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures

ITEDSA thus presents a solution to the problems with other  ~~*119~~  development statutes

AND

the TERA process may be more of a barrier than an opportunity. n135

====The recently passed HEARTH Act isn~’t much better- it maintains tribes~’ positions as passive lessors and has the same prohibitive restrictions as TERA====

**Royster 12** Judith V. Royster Chapman Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. Research for this article was supported by a University of Tulsa College of Law Summer Research Grant 2012 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Stanford Environmental Law Journal March, 2012 Stanford Environmental Law Journal 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91 Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures

The proposed HEARTH Act, should it become law, thus promises only a limited

AND

without secretarial approval, only leases, not other types of development instruments.

===2 – Tribal Economies===

====Investors shy away because of regulations, and they are critical to any projects on tribal lands====

**Committee on Indian Affairs 12**ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 16, 2012 http://www.indian.senate.gov/hearings/upload/CHRG-112shrg75746.pdf

The CHAIRMAN. So thank you very much for sharing that. Vice President Jim

AND

So these are some of the critical issues that we need to address.

====Partnerships with outside businesses is critical to get projects off the ground. ====

**Sullivan 10 **Bethany C. Sullivan J.D. Candidate, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law. 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823 Changing Winds: Reconfiguring the Legal Framework for Renewable-Energy Development in Indian Country, lexis

Overall, neither of these approaches rectify the tax incentive disparity in an effective and

AND

decisions, management, and future of their on-reservation projects. 79

====Native renewable energy is key for Natives to lift themselves out of poverty.====

**Bloomberg 12 **"Navajo community banks on proposed solar array" April 26 http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-04/D9UCRUB00.htm

This flat, dusty stretch of prairie in central New Mexico is where the leaders

AND

Look at that," she said. "Now that~’s a good sign."

====Poverty on Native American reservations is equivalent to an ongoing genocide.====

**Churchill ~’03** (Ward, American Writer and Political Activist, former professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Routledge,Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader pg 70-1)

All of this is, unfortunately, on paper. The practical reality is that

AND

for a semblance of postoperational clean up of mining and processing sites.~’

====There is a distinction between political sovereignty and practical sovereignty - absent giving all decision making control to tribes and making them responsible for their actions economic development is impossible.====

**Royster 8** PRACTICAL SOVEREIGNTY, POLITICAL SOVEREIGNTY, AND THE INDIAN TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND SELFDETERMINATION ACT♦ by Judith V. Royster Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. http://law.lclark.edu/live/files/9506-lcb124art6roysterpdf

The Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development has spent more than a decade and

AND

providing information and technical assistance and serving as a resource for tribes.19

===3 – State-Tribal Conflict===

====Conflicts exist on lots of issues- because states think relations are zero sum, tribal govs are not competent, and tribes authority causes a race to the bottom====

**Cornell and Taylor 2K** Sovereignty, Devolution, and the Future of Tribal-state Relations Stephen Cornell and Jonathan Taylor National Congress of American Indians Mid-Year Session Juneau, Alaska, June 26, 2000 Stephen Cornell is director of the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy at The University of Arizona, where he also is professor of sociology and of public administration and policy. He co-founded and continues to codirect the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development. Jonathan Taylor is a senior policy scholar with the Udall Center, a research fellow at the Harvard Project, and a senior consultant with Lexecon, Inc. http://nni.arizona.edu/pubs/tribal20state20relations.pdf

One consequence of devolution is already apparent. We~’ve been talking to tribal leaders around

AND

power, and tribal self-determination becomes increasingly hostage to state actions.

====States trump tribal authority which guts sovereignty and self-determination- the only way to reverse it is show tribal capacity and benefits to states====

**Cornell and Taylor 0 **Sovereignty, Devolution, and the Future of Tribal-state Relations Stephen Cornell and Jonathan Taylor National Congress of American Indians Mid-Year Session Juneau, Alaska, June 26, 2000 Stephen Cornell is director of the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy at The University of Arizona, where he also is professor of sociology and of public administration and policy. He co-founded and continues to codirect the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development. Jonathan Taylor is a senior policy scholar with the Udall Center, a research fellow at the Harvard Project, and a senior consultant with Lexecon, Inc. http://nni.arizona.edu/pubs/tribal20state20relations.pdf

Devolution has enormous potential benefits to Indian nations. They already have benefited from devolution

AND

with which they increasingly have to interact stand to benefit from the results.

====Giving Native tribes a seat at the table is essential to incorporating indigenous epistemologies into decision making practices- that~’s essential to global survival.====

Robyn 2  Linda Robyn is part of the Anishinabe (Chippewa) nation. She received her Ph.D. from Western Michigan University in 1998 and is currently an assistant professor in the Criminal Justice Department at Northern Arizona University. The American Indian Quarterly 26.2 (2002) 198-220

Through the realization that holistic Indigenous knowledge concerning the environment is important and essential to

AND

examine the alternatives used throughout history to achieve the survival of Native societies.

===Plan===

====The United States federal government should remove the requirement that the Secretary of Interior approve leases of Indian lands and allow tribes to enter into non-lease arrangements for solar production in the United States.====

===Solvency===

====Current options for tribal solar development are cumbersome and inefficient and reinforce federal paternalism and destroy native sovereignty. Tribes can only be passive lessors of their land rather than active participants in a vibrant business agreement.====

**Royster 12** Judith V. Royster Chapman Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. Research for this article was supported by a University of Tulsa College of Law Summer Research Grant 2012 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Stanford Environmental Law Journal March, 2012 Stanford Environmental Law Journal 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91 Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures

This instrument-by-instrument approval process introduces both delay and potential federal override

AND

would allow tribes a more direct route to participate in renewable energy development.

====Federal approval sucks- current policies are paternalistic and cause delays====

**Kronk 13** TRIBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE HEARTH ACT: AN INDEPENDENTLY RATIONAL, BUT COLLECTIVELY DEFICIENT OPTION Elizabeth Ann Kronk Assistant Professor of Law and Director, Tribal Law and Government Center University of Kansas School of Law March 11, 2013

Although the federal government places numerous limitations on development within Indian country, one of

AND

far too cumbersome to be helpful to those it~’s designed to protect."74

===4 – Impact Framing===

====When presented with the aff you should change your decision calculus- we must move away from short-term low probability fetishized economy impacts and evaluate policies that affect Native culture and future generations. Any other impact frame justifies total Native genocide and risks the survival of the planet. ====

**Tsosie 9 **Rebecca Tsosie Professor of Law, Willard H. Pedrick Distinguished Research Scholar, and Executive Director of the Indian Legal Program at the Sandra Day O~’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University. 4 Envt~’l 26 Energy L. 26 Pol~’y J. 188 "climate change, sustainability and globalization: charting the future of indigenous environmental self-determination" lexis

The accelerated rate of climate change poses an environmental reality that no nation can afford

AND

tensions over development evoke intercultural norms of value, sustainability, and justice.

====Probability should be evaluated before magnitude- each internal link makes their scenario less likely.====

**Rescher in 83**, Prof. of Philosophy Nicholas Rescher, University of Pittsburgh Professor of Philosophy, "Risk: A Philosophical Introduction to the Theory of Risk Evaluation and Management" 1983

On this issue there is a systemic disagreement between pro- babilists working in mathematics

AND

. Probabilities below the     threshold are treated as though they were zero.~’3

====People have a cognitive bias against high probability-low magnitude impacts. You should undervalue their DAs – the longer the chain of events the less likely the scenario====

**Yudkowsky 6 **~~Eliezer, 8/31/2006. Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence Palo Alto, CA. "Cognitive biases potentially affecting judgment of global risks, Forthcoming in Global Catastrophic Risks, eds. Nick Bostrom and Milan Cirkovic,~singinst.org/upload/cognitive-biases.pdf-http://singinst.org/upload/cognitive-biases.pdf.

4. The Conjunction Fallacy Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken,

AND

a futurist, disjunctions make for an awkward and unpoetic-sounding prophecy.

====Obsession with short-time frame impacts obscures ongoing violence that doesn~’t fit neatly within conventional temporal frames ====

**Nixon 10** (Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pp 1-14)

When Lawrence Summers, then president of the World Bank, advocated thai the bank

AND

how our rhetorical conventions for bracketing violence routinely ignore ongoing, belated casualties.

Tournament: NDT  | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
====We meet- tribes can~’t produce energy without BIA approval====

====Restrictions on native lands should be evaluated differently- ====

====1- the US has all lands in trust so everything is restricted====

====2- Native nations think it is a restriction====

**Jim 12 **PREPARED STATEMENT OF HON. REX LEE JIM, VICE PRESIDENT, NAVAJO NATION ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 16, 2012 http://www.indian.senate.gov/hearings/upload/CHRG-112shrg75746.pdf

Native Nations have struggled to find avenues for economic development to provide for their people

AND

concomitant EIS/EA (SPELL OUT) (absent a categorical exclusion).

====Reduce is to bring down to smaller extent====

**Websters ~’12** re·duce ~~ri-doos, -dyoos~~ Show IPA verb, re·duced, re·duc·ing. verb (used with object)

1.

to bring down to a smaller extent, size, amount, number, etc.: to reduce one~’s weight by 10 pounds.

Subst arb- bad debate

====Restrictions are the equivalent of conditions on action====

**Plummer 29 **J., Court Justice, MAX ZLOZOWER, Respondent, v. SAM LINDENBAUM et al., Appellants Civ. No. 3724COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT100 Cal. App. 766; 281 P. 102; 1929 Cal. App. LEXIS 404September 26, 1929, Decided, lexis

The word "restriction," when used in connection with the grant of interest in

AND

a particular event, or the performance or nonperformance of a particular act.

====Literature and functional limits check the topic- no one writes about tiny regulations and you would just beat teams on they can~’t solve any of their advantages====

====There~’s not a T version of the aff- On the topic of energy production it is uniquely important to talk about Native American energy because their view has been excluded and marginalized in energy policy-making====

====Reasonability should be the standard- ====

====1- competing interpretations leads to T for the sake of T and can~’t solve judge intervention at the margins====

====2- reasonability is key to inclusion- when deciding what definition is best you should include Native worldviews whose voices think the plan lifts a restriction instead of technical comparisons of government definitions====

Tournament: NDT  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
====1. Destroys 2ac strategy====

====A. Kills time allocation—forces 2ac to defend against multiple contradictory arguments-discourages the best args against the CP/K====

====B. Undermines aff offense—impossible to straight turn the disad since the CP solves the offense—incentivizes no risk arguments which destroys cost benefit analysis====

====2. Encourages shallow argumentation====

====A. No in-depth discussion—impossible to test ev or critically reflect about arguments since there~’s no punishment for throwing bad arguments out====

====B. Topic specific education—destroys testing of the affirmative by encouraging multiple topic generics====

====3. Dispositionality solves their offense-deters bad arguments by creating the possibility of getting stuck with them====

====(_) Kritik conditionality is uniquely abusive – involves distinct frameworks and worldviews that we should debate as in depth as possible ====

====Natives are different but this is not a stereotype - The mountain is sacred to the Western Shoshone and fundamental to New Creation stories and worship.====

LaVelle 1 Associate Professor of Law, the University of South Dakota School of Law. J,  John P, Great Plains Natural Resources Journal, Spring / Summer

While one should avoid endorsing conventional stereotypes about Indians and the environment, n228 one

AND

this principle in developing management strategies and procedures for the Black Hills. n233

====Ruptures in the law must come before to change public opinion and educate the public.====

**Lutz 10 **Ellen L. Lutz is the executive director of Cultural Survival. May 7, 2010 Review: Like a Loaded Weapon: The Rehnquist Court, Indian Rights, and the History of Racism in America Author: Ellen L. Lutz CSQ Issue: 29.4 (Winter 2005) Water Rights and Indigenous Peoples http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/united-states/review-loaded-weapon-rehnquist-court-indian-r

Many would argue, as Sandra Day O~’Connor once did, that legal change happens

AND

overtly overturning two centuries of discriminatory legal rhetoric that perpetuates discrimination in fact.

====Philosophizing about destroying America can~’t change oppression- only practical efforts have a chance of challenging global structures====

Ackerly 26 Vandenbergh 8  — BROOKE ACKERLY, Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University. MICHAEL P. VANDENBERGH, Professor of Law, Co-Director, Regulatory Program, and Director, Climate Change Research Network, Vanderbilt University Law School. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Summer

Public and private measures are necessary to address the global justice issues that arise from

AND

even when there has been a global political will to address them. P

olitical leaders have not figured out how to combat terrorism without fueling it. Government

AND

global justice, thereby laying the ground work for global public governance solutions.

Tournament: NDT | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
====Guest worker fights stop passage and pc fails====

**Nakamura, 3-28**-~’13 (David, "Guest-worker program dispute may delay immigration bill" AZ Central, http://www.azcentral.com/news/politics/free/20130328immigration-reform-guest-worker-program-dispute-may-delay-bill.html)

 A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening

AND

will throw business to the wolves and throw future immigrants under the bus."

====Slower agreement key to getting the GOP on board====

**Fox**, US News, **3-20**-~’13 (Lauren, "For Some in GOP, Immigration Reform Moving Too Fast" http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/20/for-some-in-gop-immigration-reform-moving-too-fast)

Some Republicans are nervous that the immigration sea change happening in their party is moving

AND

consequences. … The whole atmosphere on this issue has moved so quickly."

====Gun control will drain pc====

**Birn, 3-29**-~’13 (Steven, "Obama~’s Failed Gun Control Shaming Speech" http://stevenbirnspeaks.com/2013/03/29/obamas-failed-gun-control-shaming-speech/)

Obama have a speech yesterday on gun control wherein he tried to shame the country

AND

enough of a narcissist that he won~’t let this issue die quickly enough.

====Too far and XO solves====

**Neyoy 2-8**

Cesar, "Grijalva: Debate on immigration may take time", http://www.yumasun.com/news/reform-85153-congress-immigration.html

Congress could begin debate within six months on an immigration reform measure that could give

AND

we don~’t have any concrete proposal. We are practically starting from scratch."

====Reducing federal control is bipartisan- the goal is to remove all federal leasing====

**Congressional Record 12 **May 15, 2012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2683 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2012-05-15/pdf/CREC-2012-05-15-pt1-PgH2682.pdf

Under current law, each and every nonmineral lease that a tribe executes with a

AND

regulation of Indian lands is poised to pass with very strong bipartisan support.

====The plan is only for solar- they have to prove that it generates as much uproar as their evidence says which is about removing restrictions for all energy development.====

No opposition to the plan

**The Examiner 12 **"Obama energy policy cripples justice for Native Americans" Feb 23 http://washingtonexaminer.com/obama-energy-policy-cripples-justice-for-native-americans/article/307486~~23.UPpMgaFU6MM

President Obama~’s heavy-handed energy regulations and Big Green~’s egregious legal delays have crippled

AND

on an important bill were it not for the unexpected lack of opposition.

Tournament: NDT | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
====Solar serves as a rallying point for tribes and is essential to sovereignty.====

**Dreveskracht 11 **Ryan D. is an attorney licensed in Washington State, where he focuses on issues critical to Indian Country. "Solar development opportunities ripe in American Indian Country" Jan 12 http://www.pv-magazine.com/opinion-analysis/blogdetails/beitrag/solar-development-opportunities-ripe-in-american-indian-country_100001951/~~23ixzz2IeGq5y55

Of real benefit to tribes with solar developments is energy independence. In the past

AND

as integrating the tribe~’s traditional knowledge and the cultural norms of the community.

====Now is the critical time to prevent tribal infighting====

Fink 3-2  -13 Elaine, Chairperson of the 1,950-tribal-citizen North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California. She has served in that position for most of the past decade. Indian Country Today, http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/opinion/open-letter-tribal-leaders-tribes-fighting-tribes-hurts-all-indians-147952

By fighting one another, we risk losing our Native ways and dignity — our

AND

nations. It~’s time for tribes to unite behind tribal sovereignty and solidarity.

====Infighting leads to extinction of native Americans====

Porter 97 (Robert B, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Tribal Law and Government Center at the University of Kansas. Winter 1997. "Strengthening Tribal Sovereignty Through Government Reform: What are the Issues." Lexus. Accessed: 7/7/09)

Against this backdrop, infighting can be a matter of life or death for tribal

AND

, then we simply cannot expect to survive very long as sovereign nations.

Tournament: NDT | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
( class="MsoNormal" )
====You can~’t solve smaller for tribes.====

( class="Cite8" )
**Pierson 10 **Developing Affordable Housing in Indian Country Brian L. Pierson leads the Indian Nations law team at Godfrey 26 KahnJournal of Affordable Housing 26 Community Development Law19. 3/4 (Spring 2010) proquest American Bar Association Spring 2010

( class="MsoNormal" )
A promising development in 2009 was the introduction of House Bill 2523, the Helping

( class="MsoNormal" )
AND

( class="MsoNormal" )
the responsibility of conducting environmental reviews and other burdens associated with lease administration.

( class="MsoNormal" )
====Under the CP the gov maintains a serious management role.====

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**Kronk 12**( style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt" )—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy

( class="MsoNormal" )
( style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and

( class="MsoNormal" )
( style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

( class="MsoNormal" )
( style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ) 

( class="MsoNormal" )
In addition to apparent consistency with the federal trust responsibility, federal liability under the

( class="MsoNormal" )
AND

( class="MsoNormal" )
after a tribe enters into a TERA with the Secretary of the Interior.

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
====2- They don~’t trust the gov- Navajo coal case proves====

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
Royster 8  * Judith V. Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. Lewis 26 Clark Law Review, Winter, 12 Lewis 26 Clark L. Rev. 1065

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
The coal lease at issue called for adjustment of the royalty rate after twenty years

( class="MsoNormal" )
AND

( class="MsoNormal" )
off is worthwhile is a decision for each tribe to make for itself.

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
( style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" ) 

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
====Congress doesn~’t want liability- it would be super expensive for them====

( class="Cite8" )
**Kronk 13** TRIBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE HEARTH ACT: AN INDEPENDENTLY RATIONAL, BUT COLLECTIVELY DEFICIENT OPTION Elizabeth Ann Kronk Assistant Professor of Law and Director, Tribal Law and Government Center University of Kansas School of Law March 11, 2013

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

( class="MsoNormal" )
As explained more fully elsewhere in this article, the HEARTH Act may be indicative

( class="MsoNormal" )
AND

( class="MsoNormal" )
v. Salazar between the federal government and individual Indian trust account holders.

( class="MsoNormal" )
( style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )See National Congress of American Indians, Cobell Settlement Final, Supreme Court Denies Appeals (Nov. 20, 2012), available at: http://www.ncai.org/news/articles/2012/11/20/cobell-settlement-final-supreme-court-denies-appeals. Although the Cobell settlement did not involve energy development in Indian country, ()Congress is certainly aware of the considerable size of the settlement and may, as a result, shy away from any potential future liability in Indian country.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Idaho State CI | Judge: Powers, Evans, Bausch

Advantage 1 is global solar

Tribes can develop soft path technologies that go to LDCs – causes global self-D and independent decision making.

Suagee 92 Dean B. Suagee J.D., University of North Carolina, 1976; LL.M., The American University, 1989; Associate, Hobbs, Straus, Dean %26 Wilder, Washington, D.C. 25 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 671, * Copyright (c) 1992 University of Michigan Law School University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform SPRING AND SUMMER, 1992 25 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 671 SELF-DETERMINATION FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AT THE DAWN OF THE SOLAR AGE

Tribal colleges also might devote some attention to issues involved in the transfer of soft
AND
to draw on the experiences of other indigenous peoples in making those decisions.

Energy poverty and carbon intensive energy production kills people around the world.

Foreman 13  —Chris, nonresident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution where he was a full-time member of the Governance Studies staff for over a decade, Breakthrough Journal, Winter

By contrast, providing energy to heat a cold home, cool an overheated one
AND
global poor would pay enormous dividends for both the poor and the climate.

Advantage 2 – Casino Representations

American consciousness is filtered through images and stereotypes of Indigenous peoples – the public is fixated on stereotypes of Indigenous people as "pit bosses" and "casino dwellers" which have even made their way into high school history textbooks

Corntassel 9  Jeff is an Associate Professor and Graduate Advisor in Indigenous Governance at the University of Victoria in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Kansas Journal of Law and Public Policy, 19 Kan. J.L. %26 Pub. Pol’y 47

My research 4 shows that the offloading of federal responsibilities beginning in 1988 placed Indigenous
AND
that offer promising pathways to self-determination during the Forced Federalism era.

Casinos create dependent economies and give the power to the Congress

Dreveskracht 11 * Ryan David, Judicial Law Clerk, Judge Kathleen Kay, United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana; L.L.M. in Sustainable International Development, University of Washington School of Law, Washington %26 Lee Law Review, 68 Wash %26 Lee L. Rev. 27, Winter

However, research now shows that Indian gaming and economic success are not synonymous.
AND
practical sovereignty, maintain autonomous institutions, and promote the tribe’s traditional culture.

Casinos are causing tribal infighting and government collapse under waves of debt

Dreveskracht 11 * Ryan David, Judicial Law Clerk, Judge Kathleen Kay, United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana; L.L.M. in Sustainable International Development, University of Washington School of Law, Washington %26 Lee Law Review, 68 Wash %26 Lee L. Rev. 27, Winter

The Snoqualmie Indian Tribe is located in western Washington State, just east of the
AND
conclusion that capable institutions are a necessary condition to successful economic development. 69

Solar power allows a re-education of the public away from the stereotypes of ’’poor Indian,’’ or ’’casino-rich Indian’’

Dreveskracht 11 Ryan D. Dreveskracht is an attorney focusing on tribal economic development and defending tribal sovereignty. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington, THE JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT, "Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects," January Volume 34, Number 2

The U.S. public—but especially judges and lawyers47—must be
AND
matches their own tradition and culture, embracing all outcomes and approaches:51

The rich Indian stereotype is serves to alleviate American collective guilt and distracting the public away from the larger suffering

Spilde 0 Rich Indian Racism: The Uses of Indian Imagery in the Political Process By Katherine A. Spilde, Ph.D. Presented at the 11th International Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking, Las Vegas, NV, June 20, 2000 http://www.indiangaming.org/library/articles/rich-indian-racism.shtml-http://www.indiangaming.org/library/articles/rich-indian-racism.shtml

Finally, in addition to using "Rich Indian racism" to challenge tribal sovereignty
AND
the fact that contemporary Native people continue to suffer around the United States.

The impact is soul control

Vernon 12 Irene S. Colorado State University, Department of Ethnic Studies, The American Indian Quarterly  Volume 36, Number 1, Winter

Scholars Kalí Tal and Cathy Caruth express the importance of trauma literature as "the
AND
meaning of life, future their expectations, and their moral development.11

Plan

The United States federal government should remove all federal and state restrictions on the production of tribal solar power.

Solvency

The government should remove all federal and state conditions on solar development in indigenous lands

Kronk 12 Elizabeth Ann Kronk Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law. J.D., University of Michigan School of Law; B.S., Cornell University "Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform" 2012 Pace University School of Law Pace Environmental Law Review Spring, 2012 Pace Environmental Law Review 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811, lexis

A. One Potential Avenue for Effective Reform: Empower Tribal Governments to Make Decisions
AND
to provide adequate oversight to effectively manage resource development in Indian country. n160

Ruptures in the law must come before to change public opinion and educate the public.

Lutz 10 Ellen L. Lutz is the executive director of Cultural Survival. May 7, 2010 Review: Like a Loaded Weapon: The Rehnquist Court, Indian Rights, and the History of Racism in America Author: Ellen L. Lutz CSQ Issue: 29.4 (Winter 2005) Water Rights and Indigenous Peoples http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/united-states/review-loaded-weapon-rehnquist-court-indian-r

Many would argue, as Sandra Day O’Connor once did, that legal change happens
AND
overtly overturning two centuries of discriminatory legal rhetoric that perpetuates discrimination in fact.

The aff is a form of humility that creates non-Indian respect. Policy is key.

LaVelle 1 Associate Professor of Law, the University of South Dakota School of Law. J,  John P, Great Plains Natural Resources Journal, Spring / Summer

Professor Pommersheim imparts a steadfast faith that through educational exchanges characterized by "legitimacy and
AND
. . . ~is~ an environmental justice issue . . .." n189

Our aff is a de-naturalization of supposed group attachments of the white world in favor of mutual identification, encouraging a politics of re-identification

Bradford 5  * William, Chiricahua Apache and Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, Indianapolis, Indiana. Ohio State Law Journal, 66 Ohio St. L.J. 1

An unwillingness to grant redress to victims of gross human injustice is perhaps the greatest
AND
become chief repositors of individual loyalties and a nation is born again. 484

Concrete policy change is necessary to create tribal respect

LaVelle 1 Associate Professor of Law, the University of South Dakota School of Law. J,  John P, Great Plains Natural Resources Journal, Spring / Summer

The adoption of such an attitude of respect, coupled with a commitment to transforming
AND
and how, should be central in the restoration process . . .. n173

giving Native tribes a seat at the table is essential to incorporating indigenous epistemologies into decision making practices.

-Robyn 2  Linda Robyn is part of the Anishinabe (Chippewa) nation. She received her Ph.D. from Western Michigan University in 1998 and is currently an assistant professor in the Criminal Justice Department at Northern Arizona University. The American Indian Quarterly 26.2 (2002) 198-220

Through the realization that holistic Indigenous knowledge concerning the environment is important and essential to
AND
examine the alternatives used throughout history to achieve the survival of Native societies.

Our demand doesn’t increase the legitimacy of the state AND it builds non-state alternatives

Newman 10  Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths, U of London, Saul, Theory %26 Event Volume 13, Issue 2

There are two aspects that I would like to address here. Firstly, the
AND
government – then the future of the state is by no means guaranteed.

As researchers and debaters, we have a responsibility to DOCUMENT the historical experience of tribes and their relationship with the federal government to combat racist sterotypes

Joyce Ann Kievit (Editor of H-AmIndian and teaches American Indian history at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. "A Discussion of Scholarly Responsibilities to Indigenous Communities" The American Indian Quarterly 27.1%262 (2003) 3-45)

The role of the discipline of history is crucial in a Native American studies curriculum
AND
responsibility to document that survival so that it will continue in the future.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Idaho State CI | Judge: Powers, Evans, Bausch

Our aff is not a cynical exploitation of native suffering – it’s an attempt to let them know they are not alone

Vernon 12 Irene S. Colorado State University, Department of Ethnic Studies, The American Indian Quarterly  Volume 36, Number 1, Winter

Scholars Kalí Tal and Cathy Caruth express the importance of trauma literature as "the
AND
the same experiences~,~ . . . and that others have survived."3 

PYSCHOLOGICAL DETERMINISM FAILS – IT’S TOO PARTIAL TO EXPLAIN BEHAVIOR

deRoche, Dept. of Anthropology %26 Sociology @ U of Cape Breton, 2K3
(John E. Psychological Reductionism: A "Model" Essay Illustrating Citation and Referencing Technique, faculty.uccb.ns.ca/cdr/Psych%20Reductionism.pdf)

According to one basic reference work in sociology, the phenomenon of "psychological reductionism
AND
of flour, a bottle of water, and a basket of tomatoes. 

PSYCHOLOGY CAN’T EXPLAIN VIOLENCE – IT IGNORES POLITICS

Keown, Dept of Historical %26 Cultural Studies @ U of London College, NO DATE
(Damien, A Response to ’The Place for a Righteous War in Buddhism’ by P.D.Premasiri,  
http://www.buddhistinformation.com/a_response_to_place_for_right_war.htm)

The first point I would make is simply to note is that early Buddhism responds
AND
wars occur? To reduce all this to psychology is surely an oversimplification.

PSYCHO-ANALYSIS IS NOT USEFUL FOR EXPLAINING SOCIETY – IT OBSCURES AN UNDERSTANDING OF MATERIAL CONSTRAINTS

Gibson, Lecturer in the Child Guidance Clinic @ U of Cape Town,  91-http://www.uct.ac.za/
(Kerry, Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, Seminar No. 4,
http://www.csvr.org.za/papers/papgib.htm)

The explanation I have offered so far may, however, rightfully expose me to
AND
of the State, than about the State itself as a material social entity

CONCERN WITH RESSENTIMENT PRODUCES PSYCHOLOGIZING – THEIR ARG TURNS PEOPLE INTO THERAPY PATIENTS

Mardorossian 2, Prof of English @ UNY Buffalo, ¶ ~Carine M , Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 27, no. 3~

While her critique of rights discourse is well taken, her characterization of feminist scholarship
AND
life of its own above and beyond the injury it seeks to address. 

TURN – THE FEAR OF RESENTIMENT IS RESENTIMENT

ROJAS 6       (Carlos, The Naked Gaze, 7/21, http://www.nakedgaze.com/2006/07/twilight_of_the.html)

However, Brown’s reliance on a theory of ressentiment  to make this critique introduces a
AND
Nietzsche’s model does, nevertheless, underscore an important tension within Brown’s writing. 

The epa of 5 ac tis the opposite of the aff

Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy
Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and
the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

In addition to apparent consistency with the federal trust responsibility, federal liability under the
AND
after a tribe enters into a TERA with the Secretary of the Interior.

no link to exploitation

Royster 12—Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law (Judith, Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures, 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91)

The proposed amendment to the definition of "mineral resources" in the IMDA would
AND
it in the regulations strengthens the tribe’s role in the decision making process.

Buy outs solve – and tribal capacity will only increase with time

Dreveskracht 11 Ryan D. Dreveskracht is an attorney focusing on tribal economic development and defending tribal sovereignty. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington, THE JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT, "Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects," January Volume 34, Number 2

As tribes institute or take over the management and maturity of solar projects, they
AND
make economic ventures sustainable and successful—in a manner that matches culturally.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T restrictions 2AC
We meet- it is illegal for tribes to do energy development with businesses without the Secretary’s approval.
U.S. Code ‘5
25 U.S.C. § 3504 : US Code - Section 3504: Leases, business agreements, and rights-of-way involving energy development or transmission, 2005,
An Indian tribe may grant a right-of-way over tribal land for
AND
Secretary determines to be in the best¶ interest of the Indian tribe;¶
Restrictions are legal limitations on production.
Plummer 29 J., Court Justice, MAX ZLOZOWER, Respondent, v. SAM LINDENBAUM et al., Appellants Civ. No. 3724COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT100 Cal. App. 766; 281 P. 102; 1929 Cal. App. LEXIS 404September 26, 1929, Decided, lexis
The word "restriction," when used in connection with the grant of interest in
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a particular event, or the performance or nonperformance of a particular act.
Prefer our interpretation
A- predictability- it's a legal definition which is what everyone defaults to when writing about restrictions
Limits are meaningless if they aren’t predictable- otherwise affs never know if they are T
B- we include natives affs- that education is a unique literature base and its key to expand the topic for good affs
Literature and functional limits check the topic- no one writes about tiny regulations and you would just beat teams on they can’t solve any of their advantages
Reasonability should be the standard- competing interpretations leads to T for the sake of T and can’t solve judge intervention at the margins, and it forces them to win more than our aff makes debate a little harder

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
T

Solar energy is heat and light from the sun.
California Energy Commission No Date
The California Energy Commission Energy Glossary, http://www.energy.ca.gov/glossary/glossary-s.html
SOLAR ENERGY - Heat and light radiated from the sun.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP
States have outdated perceptions of tribes and don’t think they have the capacity to govern- this prevents states from engaging in state tribal relationships.

Johnson and Kaufmann 9 Government to Government Models of Cooperation Between States and Tribes By Susan Johnson Jeanne Kaufmann National Conference of State Legislatures John Dossett Sarah Hicks National Congress of American Indians Updated by Sia Davis National Conference of State Legislatures April 2009 http://www.nijc.org/pdfs/TTAP/NCSLGovttoGovt.pdf

Numerous barriers exist to effective state-tribal relations. Outdated and inaccurate perceptions of
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constituents. And, most importantly, we are your fellow New Mexicans.”

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Politics- CIR
Studies prove decline doesn’t cause war
Miller 2000 – Professor of Management, Ottawa (Morris, Poverty As A Cause Of Wars?, http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG4draft1.htm, AG)
Thus, these armed conflicts can hardly be said to be caused by poverty as
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by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another. 

Extend Yudowsky- probability comes first. Statistical analysis dictates you multiply the probabilities of each step of the scenario together- even if they win a part of the story every link chain makes the scenario less likely. Nothing is 100% probable, even if conceded you only give them the weight of their evidence, not the debater’s assertion.
You have to actively reject high magnitude low probability impacts because humans have a cognitive bias to over inflate low probability impacts-there is a point where small probabilities can be excluded from decision-making, otherwise they trade off focus from everyday violence. 

Extend Tsosie

Guest worker fights stop passage and pc fails
Nakamura, 3-28-’13 (David, “Guest-worker program dispute may delay immigration bill” AZ Central, http://www.azcentral.com/news/politics/free/20130328immigration-reform-guest-worker-program-dispute-may-delay-bill.html)
 A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening
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will throw business to the wolves and throw future immigrants under the bus.”

Slower agreement key to getting the GOP on board
Fox, US News, 3-20-’13 (Lauren, “For Some in GOP, Immigration Reform Moving Too Fast” http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/20/for-some-in-gop-immigration-reform-moving-too-fast)
Some Republicans are nervous that the immigration sea change happening in their party is moving
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consequences. … The whole atmosphere on this issue has moved so quickly."

Gun control will drain pc
Birn, 3-29-’13 (Steven, “Obama’s Failed Gun Control Shaming Speech” http://stevenbirnspeaks.com/2013/03/29/obamas-failed-gun-control-shaming-speech/)
Obama have a speech yesterday on gun control wherein he tried to shame the country
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enough of a narcissist that he won’t let this issue die quickly enough.

Family addition kills it
LaborUnionReport, 3-26-’13 (“Immigration Reform: Are Obama and AFL-CIO Bosses Using ‘Poison Pills’ To Kill Latinos’ Dreams Again? http://www.redstate.com/2013/03/26/immigration-reform-are-obama-afl-cio-bosses-using-poison-pills-to-kill-latinos-dreams-again/)
To make matters worse, last week, AFL-CIO boss Richard Trumka stated
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to insert poison-pill amendments that they know will kill its chances?

Too far and XO solves
Neyoy 2-8
Cesar, “Grijalva: Debate on immigration may take time”, http://www.yumasun.com/news/reform-85153-congress-immigration.html
Congress could begin debate within six months on an immigration reform measure that could give
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we don't have any concrete proposal. We are practically starting from scratch.”

No risk of a link to PC- Congress just passed the HEARTH Act in December which streamlined the leasing process for tribes and the only thing Obama did was sign it into law- to have a chance of winning this DA they have to read a piece of evidence that Obama gets involved in this specific issue
Reducing federal control is bipartisan- the goal is to remove all federal leasing
Congressional Record 12 May 15, 2012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2683 http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2012-05-15/pdf/CREC-2012-05-15-pt1-PgH2682.pdf
Under current law, each and every nonmineral lease that a tribe executes with a
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regulation of Indian lands is poised to pass with very strong bipartisan support.
The plan is only for solar- they have to prove that it generates as much uproar as their evidence says which is about removing restrictions for all energy development.
No opposition to the plan
The Examiner 12 “Obama energy policy cripples justice for Native Americans” Feb 23 http://washingtonexaminer.com/obama-energy-policy-cripples-justice-for-native-americans/article/307486#.UPpMgaFU6MM

President Obama’s heavy-handed energy regulations and Big Green’s egregious legal delays have crippled
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on an important bill were it not for the unexpected lack of opposition.
Plan is massively bipartisan
Dreveskracht 12 Ryan D. Dreveskracht Associate at Galanda Broadman, PLLC. The author's practice focuses on representing businesses and tribal governments in public affairs, energy, gaming, taxation, and general economic development. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington and a J.D. from the University of Arizona 33 Energy L. J. 431 Alternative Energy In American Indian Country: Catering To Both Sides Of The Coin, lexis
A recent study conducted by Small Business America 1 reveals that "across all industries
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are falling short of fully enabling tribes to develop their natural resources." 6

Obama will already spend PC on renewables

Cowden 2-5  -13  Richard, Pf Accounting - Anderson University, Managing Editor of, Real Estate Law and Industry Report

Hendricks said the Obama administration would be likely to spend political capital regarding clear energy
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, including those with states, that promote energy efficiency in commercial structures. 

These debates will happen by May

Callahan 2-6  -13  Kateri, President, Alliance To Save Energy, National Journal,

And more fuel will nurture the flame for national energy efficiency action when the National
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on energy efficiency policy across both Chambers and the deep partisan political divide. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Liability
1- Perm: do both- the plan doesn’t get rid of TERA, it gets rid of approval for individual lease and non-lease agreements which is a distinct type of legislation
If the CP’s funding and training solves the net benefit then the perm solves.
2- You don’t solve the aff
A- tribal economies
1- practical sovereignty is key- there have been no successful instances of development on tribal lands when any outside interests have been included- exclusive tribal jurisdiction is the only way to solve- that’s Royster.
2 reasons A- When tribes realize their decision matter they make better choices B- they have more knowledge of what the community needs and wants- that’s Cornell and Taylor
You can’t solve smaller for tribes.
Pierson 10 Developing Affordable Housing in Indian Country Brian L. Pierson leads the Indian Nations law team at Godfrey and KahnJournal of Affordable Housing and Community Development Law19. 3/4 (Spring 2010) proquest American Bar Association Spring 2010
A promising development in 2009 was the introduction of House Bill 2523, the Helping
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the responsibility of conducting environmental reviews and other burdens associated with lease administration.
B- tribal state conflicts
you perpetuate the myth that tribes need outside help- this reinforces the idea in state governments that tribe are incompetent and destroys cooperation
Under the CP the gov maintains a serious management role.
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy
Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and
the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

In addition to apparent consistency with the federal trust responsibility, federal liability under the
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after a tribe enters into a TERA with the Secretary of the Interior.

The solvency deficit is material and quantifiable- each instance of tribal sovereignty more that the plan has over the CP is a success story that has lifted a tribe out of poverty and solved a mini genocide and can serve as a model for tribal success in the future
3- Liability means you can’t solve anything- Kronk says when the government takes liability they won’t approve anything because they don’t want taxpayers to bear the costs of failed projects

Tribes will say no to TERAs
1- Still too costly
Royster 8  * Judith V. Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. Lewis and Clark Law Review, Winter, 12 Lewis and Clark L. Rev. 1065

The concerns reflected in this statement are multiple. Tribes are concerned that all the
AND
, conducting environmental reviews, and responding to challenges by "interested parties."
That delays implementation
Royster 8  * Judith V. Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. Lewis and Clark Law Review, Winter, 12 Lewis and Clark L. Rev. 1065

ITEDSA requires that a TERA establish an environmental review process for tribal development instruments and
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, priorities, and decisions, rather than filtered through a federal lens.

Kronk says delays are what drives investors away because they can’t wait 2 years for a review and public comment
2- They don’t trust the gov- Navajo coal case proves

Royster 8  * Judith V. Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law. Lewis and Clark Law Review, Winter, 12 Lewis and Clark L. Rev. 1065

The coal lease at issue called for adjustment of the royalty rate after twenty years
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off is worthwhile is a decision for each tribe to make for itself.
Also means you don’t solve- the court has narrowed the when liability is enforceable.
Kronk 13 TRIBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE HEARTH ACT: AN INDEPENDENTLY RATIONAL, BUT COLLECTIVELY DEFICIENT OPTION Elizabeth Ann Kronk Assistant Professor of Law and Director, Tribal Law and Government Center University of Kansas School of Law March 11, 2013

Also in 2003, the United States Supreme Court released another case, United States
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that has been developing for some time within the judicial branch of government. 

Congress doesn’t want liability- it would be super expensive for them
Kronk 13 TRIBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE HEARTH ACT: AN INDEPENDENTLY RATIONAL, BUT COLLECTIVELY DEFICIENT OPTION Elizabeth Ann Kronk Assistant Professor of Law and Director, Tribal Law and Government Center University of Kansas School of Law March 11, 2013

As explained more fully elsewhere in this article, the HEARTH Act may be indicative
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a result, shy away from any potential future liability in Indian country.
The counterplan trades off with sovereignty
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

*849  The discussion below offers two suggestions for reform. These options,
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to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs in comments submitted in 2003. n141

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
exploitation
Your ev all assumes a world where tribes only have partial control over their land- plan gives them full negotiating power with investors- that’s a game-changer.
Buy outs solve – and tribal capacity will only increase with time

Dreveskracht 11 Ryan D. Dreveskracht is an attorney focusing on tribal economic development and defending tribal sovereignty. He holds an LL.M. in Sustainable International Development from the University of Washington, THE JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT, “Economic Development, Native Nations, and Solar Projects,” January Volume 34, Number 2

As tribes institute or take over the management and maturity of solar projects, they
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make economic ventures sustainable and successful—in a manner that matches culturally.
Tribes aren’t stupid – they won’t let energy companies get the best of them

QUETAWKI 6: ARLEN - governor for the Pueblo of Zuni. Energy Policy Act of 2005, Section 1813 Study on Indian Land Rights-of-Way: Transcript of Comments made on the 1813 Draft Report at the August 30, 2006 Public Meeting at Albuquerque

It’s just that we wanted to be there to sit down with those energy companies
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Native Americans that truly deal with these issues day in and day out.
It can’t get much worse – you’d have to win 100% risk in order to win a turn 

Glennon and Reeves 10  -- Robert Glennon is the Morris K. Udall Professor of Law and Public Policy at the University of Arizona, Andrew Reeves is a third-year student at the University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law and the 2009-2010 recipient of the Sol Resnick Water Resources Fellowship. Arizona Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, Fall

Two-time Green Party vice-presidential nominee and famed environmental and Native American
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Native communities from one of exploitation to one of equity. . . ."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
K

Natives use their status as sovereign nations to fight back

Clark 2, -- Brett, Professor Sociology and Anthropology – NC State, “The indigenous environmental movement in the United States”, Organization and Environment, Vol. 15, pg. 4

Reservations have increasingly been sought out as sites for the disposal of hazardous waste (
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to fight the nuclear power plants, waste industry, and federal government. 

Practical sovereignty
Ruptures in the law must come before to change public opinion and educate the public.
Lutz 10 Ellen L. Lutz is the executive director of Cultural Survival. May 7, 2010 Review: Like a Loaded Weapon: The Rehnquist Court, Indian Rights, and the History of Racism in America Author: Ellen L. Lutz CSQ Issue: 29.4 (Winter 2005) Water Rights and Indigenous Peoples http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/united-states/review-loaded-weapon-rehnquist-court-indian-r

Many would argue, as Sandra Day O'Connor once did, that legal change happens
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overtly overturning two centuries of discriminatory legal rhetoric that perpetuates discrimination in fact.

Demands on the state that question it’s promises to Native Americans show inconsistencies and destabilize the state
Newman 10  Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths, U of London, Saul, Theory and Event Volume 13, Issue 2

There are two aspects that I would like to address here. Firstly, the
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was potentially destabilising, thus seeking to transcend the limits of that order.  

Philosophizing about destroying America can’t change oppression- only practical efforts have a chance of challenging global structures
Ackerly and Vandenbergh 8  -- BROOKE ACKERLY, Professor of Political Science, Vanderbilt University. MICHAEL P. VANDENBERGH, Professor of Law, Co-Director, Regulatory Program, and Director, Climate Change Research Network, Vanderbilt University Law School. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Summer

Public and private measures are necessary to address the global justice issues that arise from
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global justice, thereby laying the ground work for global public governance solutions.

1AR K
IMAGINATION IS NOT ENough – YOUR ALT DOES NOT HELP – IT’S EASY TO IMAGINE A WORLD THE DIFFICULTY LIES IN STRATEGIES TO MAKE THAT HAPPEN

Rhode, Professor, Stanford Law School, 90
(Deborah L., Stanford Law Review, 42 Stan. L. Rev. 617)

A related difficulty stems from idealists' faith in dialogue as the primary  *637  
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that ideology as long as such structures limit our ability to challenge it.

They have to prove their alt is feasible- even ethical criticism needs to couch its challenges in viable alternatives or else they will be manipulated by those that frame existing politics, ensuring their alt fails. 

Demenchonok 9, Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, (Edward, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 68.1 (Jan): p9)

However, the further development of an ethical approach faces challenges that need to taken
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in a way that will, or even should, be taken seriously.

In-round-politics-FIRST is selfish.  The question should be how to mobilize large groups of people and ensure the left survives.  

Grossberg, 92 Lawrence, “Professor of Communications Studies at the University of North Carolina, We Gotta Get Out of This Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture, 1992 p. 388-390

If the Left can give up its demand for purity, it may be able
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defeats in one place, in order to win a victory somewhere else.

1AC: 

Plan: The United States federal government should remove the requirement that the Secretary of Interior approve leases of Indian lands and allow tribes to enter into non-lease arrangements for solar production in the United States

ADVs: Tribal State conflict ADV, Tribal Economies, Framing

1NC: T Restrictions, Indigenous Discourse K, CIR, Green washing DA, states CP, TERA CP, case

2NC: T, K, States, case

1NR: Politics, case

2NR: T