Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
GONZAGA

R2-UNLV EM (wind ptc)
1nc
elections da
rare earth metals da
protectionism da
backstopping da
enclosure k
case

2nc
case
rare earth metals
protectionism
enclosure

1nr
elections

2nr
elections
case

R3-Whitman (IFR)
1nc
elections da
water wars da
protectionism da
enclosure k
case

2nc
water wars
protectionism
enclosure
case

1nr
elections

2nr
elections
case

R5-UNLV BV (wind ptc)
1nc
elections da
protectionism da
wto cp
enclosure k
case

2nc
case
enclosure
elections
wto

1nr
protectionism

2nr
wto
protectionism

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: UNLV EM | Judge:
1NC—Elections

Obama maintaining lead now but it’ll be a close political fight – key battleground states, polls, jobs, and Libya give Obama the edge
King 9/13 NEIL KING JR, Wall Street Journal political correspondant Updated September 13, 2012, 8:37 p.m. ET “Obama Holds Lead in Three Key States” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444433504577649850398690734.html
With few voters ...News and Marist.

x unpopular

Approval ratings are key to the election
Cook, The National Journal Political Analyst, 11
(Charlie, October 27, “Underwater,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027, d/a 7-20-12, ads)
The best barometer ... the same side.

Romney will bomb Iran his first month in office
Kidd 12 (Dr. Billy, research psychologist and long-term political activist, June 14, ‘Romney Strategist Prepare for War Against Iran,’ http://www.opposingviews.com/i/politics/foreign-policy/crisis-gaza/romney-strategists-prepare-war-against-iran)
The Emergency Committee...come next January.

Attacking Iran causes full-scale war with Russia
Conway January 17, 2012 Alvin Conway Author, blogger he cites Russia’s former ambassador to NATO and the Arab Times “Iranian Crisis: escalating series of troubling events sliding world towards war” http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/iranian-crisis-escalating-series-of-troubling-events-sliding-world-towards-war/
Russian response could l...security.” –Arab Times

US-Russia war most probable scenario for extinction.
Bostrom 2002 Nick Bostrom Professor, Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford University“Existential Risks” Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2002). http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html
A much greater ... the 21st century.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: UNLV EM | Judge:
Shortages coming now—increased demand while diminishing supplies.
Balashov 11
Sergei Balashov, correspondent for Proactiveinvestor, PwC warns on rare earth metals shortage as China tightens supplies, http://www.proactiveinvestors.co.uk/companies/news/36671/pwc-warns-on-rare-earth-metals-shortage-as-china-tightens-supplies-36671.html, Dec 7
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) sounded ... on the industry.

Neodymium supply is barely stable now; increasing demand will create critical shortages
Misa ’12:
Rare Earths Neodymium, Dysprosium Breaches Critical Supply Numbers, By Esther Tanquintic-Misa, Reporter at International Business Times, April 13, 2012, http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/327503/20120413/rare-earths-china.htm#.UC68tXA1dN1
Rare earths neodymium ... the same period.

China will exploit it’s monopoly and restrict rare metal supplies as demand for wind grows.
KCG ’10:
Rare Earth Element Shortages Threaten Global Wind Power Development, Kidela Capital Group, December 16, 2010, http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2010/12/rare_earth_element_shortages_threaten_global_wind_power_development.html
The Global Wind Energy Council ...to hybrid vehicles.

Shortages of neodymium will cripple advanced US defense systems.
Green ’12:
The Defense Implications of Rare Earth Shortages, Jeffery A. Green, founder of the Strategic Material Advisory Council and an adjunct scholar with the National Center for Policy Analysis, August 02, 2012, http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ib112

Furthermore, a range...of critical materials.7

Readiness is critical to prevent rivals from lashing out and prevent war
Spencer 2k
Jack, Research Fellow at Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, “The Facts About Military Readiness”, Heritage Foundation, September 15th, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2000/09/BG1394-The-Facts-About-Military-Readiness
America's national security ... thereby preserving peace.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: UNLV EM | Judge:
The U.S. is the world’s biggest oil importer – the plan will devastate global oil producers’ economies
Miller ‘10—assistant professor of political science at the University of Oklahoma (Gregory D., April 2010, © Center for Strategic and International Studies, The Washington Quarterly 33:2, “The Security Costs of Energy Independence,” http://www.twq.com/10april/docs/10apr_Miller.pdf
The United States ... we trust them?”

It snowballs - flood crushes other oil producers including Russia
Mohamedi ‘3 – Chief Economist at PFC Energy (Fareed Mohamedi, Chief Economist, The Petroleum Finance Company Ltd.,” In the Wake of War: Geo-strategy, Terrorism, Oil Markets, and Domestic Politics,” http://www.mepc.org/forums_chcs/31.asp
A more aggressive ... months to two years.

Russian collapse causes nuclear war
Filger ‘9 – Sheldon Filger, columnist and founder of GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, May 10, 2009, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction,” online: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html
The Medvedev/Putin regime ... least dangerous consequence.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: UNLV EM | Judge:
Emphasizing domestic production turns renewable energy into a tool for economic nationalism – it’s counter-productive to economic integration
Halff 8 --Antoine, a member of the Beijing Energy Club and serves on the board of directors of the New York Energy Forum and the editorial board of Geopolitics of Energy.  Deputy Head of Research, Americas, at Newedge, and Adjunct Professor of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. Stanford Law and Policy Review, 19 Stan. L. and Pol'y Rev 402
Lost in the ... narrowed, those differences. 

Renewables are overly nationalistic in design and purpose – this version of energy policy is a form of resource nationalism
Halff 8 --Antoine, a member of the Beijing Energy Club and serves on the board of directors of the New York Energy Forum and the editorial board of Geopolitics of Energy.  Deputy Head of Research, Americas, at Newedge, and Adjunct Professor of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University. Stanford Law and Policy Review, 19 Stan. L. and Pol'y Rev 402
The unintended consequences ...the broader economy.

US-China COLLABORATIONS UP IN THE SQ – they recharge the overall relationship BUT PUSHING US COMPETITION WILL diminish CLEAN ENERGY AGREEMENTS
CBR, ’12 [China Business Review, April-2012, “Special Report: Energy and Environment Chinese Investment in Clean Energy.”]
The seven bilateral ... build stable relations.

And, protectionism causes terrorism, China conflict, and Iran expansion – culminates in nuclear extinction
Pazner 8 (Michael J., Faculty – New York Institute of Finance, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138)
The rise in ... new world war.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: UNLV EM | Judge:
The aff’s beliefs in energy switching and scarcity is a form of green education that normalizes consumption. It is a betrayal of the commitment to a wider project of social change. We need to understand the act of framing energy solutions as FOUNDATIONAL to the solution itself. Our frames should attempt to envision deep changes in hegemonic social relations and stay grounded in day-to-day realties.

Ruggero 9  E. Colin,  The New School for Social Research in New York,
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware, Radical Green Populism: Climate Change, Social Change and the Power of Everyday Practices, 11-11, http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/e-colin-ruggero-radical-green-populism-climate-change-social-change-and-the-power-of-everyday-p
Given the obvious...day-to-day realties. 

EXTINCTION.
REINSBOROUGH 3, Grassroots Organizer and Popular Educator,
(Patrick, worked on a range of issues including forest protection, police brutality, peace in Northern Ireland, indigenous rights, organizing director of the Rainforest Action Network, JOURNAL OF AESTHETICS and PROTEST, Aug, vol 1, # 2, http://www.journalofaestheticsandprotest.org/1/de_colonizing/index.html)

Cancer Kills the ...have-nots is obvious. 

Our alternative is a direct challenge to the aff’s notions of Energy and Security. By STARTING from the perspective of collective security and survival of the commons, ONLY then will we create a truly pragmatic form of politics. We think rejection of your aff for these reasons does produce a different understanding of politics that’s more helpful that your business as usual approach. The act of questioning is critical to re-shaping communities away from consumption

REINSBOROUGH 3, Grassroots Organizer and Popular Educator, worked on a range of issues including forest protection, police brutality, indigenous rights, organizing director of the Rainforest Action Network, JOURNAL OF AESTHETICS and PROTEST, Aug, vol 1, # 2, http://www.journalofaestheticsandprotest.org/1/de_colonizing/index.html)

Inspiring “point of ... that topple empires.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 5 | Opponent: UNLV BV | Judge: Sam Allen
The United States federal government should establish a joint WTO/UNFCCC working group to enter into negotiations with members of the World Trade Organization making a binding guarantee that  if members of the World Trade organization agree to interpret General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Article 8.2(c) in a manner making said policy not actionable under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

Unilateral nature of the plan guarantees trade conflict – submitting climate policies for multilateral review is key
Zhang, Fellow East-West Center, ‘2 (ZhongXiang, February, “Domestic Climate Policies at the WTO” http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/6048/ENVwp051.pdf?sequence=1)
One strategy of ... to sustainable development.

Multilateral action is key – counterplan solves and gets modeled
Reinsch, President National Foreign Trade Council, ‘8 (William, March 5, “Climate Change: Competitiveness Concerns and Prospects for Engaging Developing Countries” Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality) http://www.nftc.org/default/Press%20Release/2008/ClimateTestimony.pdf
MULTILATERAL ACTION AND ...r rather than later. 

Tournament: Wake | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

“USfg should” means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means in the immediate future.

Ericson 3

(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

The Proposition of Policy…that you propose.

The affirmative’s failure to advance a topical defense of federal policy undermines debate’s transformative and intellectual potential

A limited topic of discussion is key to productive inculcation of decision-making and advocacy skills—this still provides room for flexibility, creativity, and innovation, but targets the discussion to avoid mere statements of fact.

Steinberg and Freeley 8

David Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies at the University of Miami, and Austin Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 45

Debate is a means … the following discussion.

Discussion of specific policy-questions key to skills development—University students already have preconceived and ideological notions about how the world operates—government policy discussion is vital to force engagement with the resolution to improve social outcomes and posits students as agents of decision-making.

Esberg and Sagan 12

Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University’s Center on International Cooperation, winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation "NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy," 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or …act on information.14

Only portable skill—means our framework turns case

Steinberg and Freeley 8

Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp9-10

After several days …favored political candidate.

Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems

Lundberg 10

Lundberg, Christian O., professor of communications at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “ The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina”, Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century

The second major …increasingly complex world.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Texas | Judge: 

There exists an intrinsic antagonism in debate – on one side, debate is always shaped by strategy, winning, debate theory. The other side is the desire to influence a larger public. The aff’s desire to change the debate community is always shaped by the norms of debate. Your aff will never be receptive to the larger public. We should view outside of the academy as more important than our debate spaces

Welsh 12 Scott Department of Communication Appalachian State University (“Coming to Terms with the Antagonism between Rhetorical Reflection and Political Agency”, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 1, 2012, Jstor)

Giroux’s concluding words, …material, political consequences.

The aff's new relationship to fossil fuels falls is incomplete - nothing about the aff complicates how it’s possible to CULTIVATE this relationship. It is not enough to just say “cultivate a new relationship” especially when understanding nature as more than an object is something environmentalists have been grappling with for decades.

Bowen 11 Paul Reid-Bowen is a senior lecturer in Philosophy and Ethics and Study of

Religions at Bath Spa University, UK. Religion and Gender, vol. 1, no. 1 (2011), 44-65

Predicting future trends in academic theorizing is as contentious and likely to fail as forecasting the weather, playing the stock market or pinning down the Big One. Design Issues: Volume 27, Number 4 Autumn

The primary purpose …is an empirical question.

In order for the aff to actually solve they must overwhelm ingrained systems of collective functioning, neo-liberalism, the media and the day to day needs of feeding children. The affirmative is no more than a simplistic philosophical slogan that just assumes that if we describe the world correctly, people will follow along.

Ivakhiv 10   Adrian J, Associate Professor of Environmental Studies – U of Vermont, immanence, partitions of the sensible, http://blog.uvm.edu/aivakhiv/2010/06/20/partitions-of-the-sensible/

How, then, is a …a transformative one.

Only by connecting with the reality of daily lives can communities build a culture away from old energy regimes

Ruggero 9 E. Colin, The New School for Social Research in New York, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware, Radical Green Populism: Climate Change, Social Change and the Power of Everyday Practices, 11-11, http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/e-colin-ruggero-radical-green-populism-climate-change-social-change-and-the-power-of-everyday-p

Thus, contemporary radical …of daily life.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. If you try to win a root cause claim, you’re massively conflating different forms of oppression

FOTOPOULOS, a political philosopher and economist who founded the inclusive democracy movement, Senior Lecturer in Economics at the Polytechnic of North London and SARGIS, has taught secondary school biology in the inner city for twenty-four years. He is a political activist and union leader, 06 

(Takis and John, The International Journal of INCLUSIVE DEMOCRACY, vol.2, no.3, June)

Also, the causes …the corresponding movements.

2. TURN: SAMENESS. The move to understand fossil fuels as actants says that the world is valuable because it is LIKE US. We realize that the aff doesn’t view fossil fuels as people BUT there is a definite risk that larger publics could misperceive the aff as giving value to the world because it is similar to us. Seeing others as modifications of ourselves risks stripping even fossil fuels of their true alterity.

Steeves, Philosophy @ DePaul University, 07

(H. Peter, BETWEEN THE SPECIES  Issue VII  August, www.cla.calpoly.edu/bts/)

Emmanuel Levinas was … into the fold. 

The ethics of same is a form of ontological imperialism. It is better to admit that the other outstrips my knowledge so that ethics can be founded on true respect for difference

Turner, Pf of philosophy and religious studies at Nashville State Community College, 02

(Donald L., The Animal Other, disClosure 12, EBSCO)

The traditional approach …lack of comprehension.

3. The politics of the aff turns actants into an object of political utility.

Cazdyn 12 Eric is Professor of cultural and critical theory at the University of Toronto. SCAPEGOAT, Semi-ology of a Disaster or, Toward a Non-Moralizing Materialism, Issue 2

How might we …we already know.

It’s impossible to ignore the inevitability of individual choice – which makes an understanding of vibrant materiality difficult. Even for the aff, it is humans that will choose whether to view nature as actants, which limits the connectivity of vibrant materialism

Armstrong 12 Rachel, interdisciplinary practitioner with a background in medicine. Her work uses all manners of media to engage audiences and bring them into contact with the latest advances in science and their real potential through the inventive applications of technology, Next Nature, 4-12, http://www.nextnature.net/2012/04/the-ecological-human/

Although ‘vibrant materiality’ … growing food locally.

Karl Marx’s insight has been all but discarded by the new left, with its emphasis on being postmodern, postcolonial, poststructural, postMarxist, or post-anything.  This post-al politics of the contemporary left focuses on discourse and language at the expense of analyzing real material conditions.  This post-al logic is complicit with capitalism, especially insofar as it obscures the operation of political economy and the material reality of capitalism

Zavarzadeh, Dept English @ Syracuse, 1994

(Mas’ud, “The Stupidity that Consumption is Just as Productive as Production”, The Alternative

Orange, V 4, Fall/Winter, http://www.etext.org/Politics/AlternativeOrange/4/v4n1_cpp.html)

The task of this text1…tropological description.5

And, their appeal to discourse negates the necessity of changing material conditions and is merely a self-righteous attempt of intellectuals to center themselves as a kind of hero, as the new subject of social change, over and opposed to those actually oppressed and disenfranchised

Poitevin, PhD Cand Sociol @ UC-Davis, 2001(Rene Francisco, “The end of anti-capitalism as we knew it: Reflections on postmodern Marxism”, TheSocialist Review, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3952/is_200101/ai_n8932891)The Postmodern Intellectual as Revolutionary Subject, Or Capitalocentrism Strikes Back

Let us bracket …post-structuralist steroids.

Capitalism causes structural violence—profit drive and exploitation is the root cause of all impacts.

Sam Webb 04, National Communist Party Chairman, People’s Weekly World Newspaper

Capitalism was never …and international level.

We have an ethical obligation to reject capitalism—capitalism forgoes all ethical considerations for the masses in favor of a small groups of elites.

Robert Hunziker, March 2012, The Neoliberal Hoax, The Firebrand: A Magazine of Counterculture and Politics, http:~/~/thefbm.com/2012/03/24/the-neoliberal-hoax/http://thefbm.com/2012/03/24/the-neoliberal-hoax/ (Aug. 2012)

According to David …performances at Disneyland

Tournament: csuf | Round:  | Opponent: binghampton gr | Judge:
Intellectuals on the left have been critical in normalizing the economic structure of capitalism while criticizing the textures and contours of the system – the aff precludes the fundamental reality that all social dynamics rely on the mode of production by shifting focusing on the biopolitical power structure.
Ebert and Zavarzadeh 8
(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 36-38)
The cultural activism of capital …economic forms of society. (Marx, Capital l, 176).
Your aff misses the mark—the flaws of the Fukushima regulatory and safety measures were driven by profit motive—capitalism always puts profit over safety.
Symonds 12
Peter, correspondent for World Socialist Website, Fukushima: A disaster produced by capitalism, http://www.wsws.org/articles/2012/jul2012/pers-j10.shtml, July 10
Responsibility for the Fukushima … world planned socialist economy.
Capitalism decides life and death. This form of neo-liberalism creates disposable populations and feed’s a disinterest in politics.

Giroux 8   * Henry A. McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Social Identities, Vol. 14, No. 5, September 2008, 587-620

Most of these stories place …characterize the New Gilded Age.

Corporate control of the economy guarantees extinction as sucks the productivity out of the planet.
REINSBOROUGH 3, Grassroots Organizer and Popular Educator,
(Patrick, worked on a range of issues including forest protection, police brutality, peace in Northern Ireland, indigenous rights, organizing director of the Rainforest Action Network, JOURNAL OF AESTHETICS and PROTEST, Aug, vol 1, # 2, http://www.journalofaestheticsandprotest.org/1/de_colonizing/index.html)

Cancer Kills the host. … have-nots is obvious. 

The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of a historical materialist analysis for capitalism in order to unmask capitalist society
Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 

Historical materialism has, therefore, … it could act accordingly. 224-225 

Historical materialism is the only sustainable way to stop political paralysis. We need to form judgments about capitalism in order to give direction to action. Making the present “appear strange” is incapable of guiding our struggles.
Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
The practical danger of … totality of the historical process.

Tournament: fullerton | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Immigration reform will pass—new issue trades off
Shifter 12-27
Michael, President of the Inter-American Dialogue, “Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?”
Not surprisingly, Obama has ... from other priorities like immigration. 

Immigration reform solves the economy
Beadle 12/10 Amanda Peterson, Reporter/Blogger at ThinkProgress.org. She received her B.A. in journalism and Spanish from the University of Alabama, where she was editor-in-chief of the campus newspaper The Crimson White and graduated with honors. Before joining ThinkProgress, she worked as a legislative aide in the Maryland House of Delegates. “Top 10 Reasons Why The U.S. Needs Comprehensive Immigration Reform” http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2012/12/10/1307561/top-10-reasons-why-the-us-needs-comprehensive-immigration-reform-that-includes-a-path-to-citizenship/
The nation needs a comprehensive ...American jobs are created.

Extinction.
Burrows and Harris 9
(Mathew J. Burrows, counselor in the National Intelligence Council, PhD in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit, April 2009 “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf)

Of course, the report ... more dog-eat-dog world.