Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: UTSA NS | Judge: Tony Johnson
same as Bato/Velto's Science Aff

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: KState | Judge: Nate Wong
same as Eriksen/Pregman ISU 1AC

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan: The United States federal government ought to make available a permanent production tax credit for systems referenced in United States Code Title 42, Chapter 100, § 9210(2).
Inherency-
Obama Has Announced Support For the Extension of the PTC But It Wont Happen Until After the Election
Des Moines Register 2012 8/15 Wind credit likely to stay
All the huff and puff on the campaign trail in Iowa aside, it’s likely
AND
credit won’t happen before the election, aides for Iowa’s congressional delegation said.
This Renewal Will Be Another Short-Term Extension of the PTC – Short-Term Extensions Create Uncertain Markets That Stifles the Industry – 5 Reasons
Dr. Ryan Wiser, Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2007 March 29 “Wind Power and the Production Tax Credit: An Overview of Research Results” Testimony Prepared for a Hearing on  ‘Clean Energy:  From the Margins to the Mainstream’ Senate Finance Committee  
Though the historical impacts of the PTC are well known, somewhat less recognized is
AND
given uncertainty in the future ¶ domestic market demand for those advanced technologies. 

And Scalability Would Be Fast – Industries Are Just Waiting on a Signal From a Stable Federal Policy
Clean Technica 08 (“The “Unlimited” Potential of American Wind Power: AWEA”, April 22, http://cleantechnica.com/2008/04/22/the-unlimited-potential-of-american-wind-power-awea/)
The American Wind Energy Association held a press conference today (4/21/
AND
they need is enough time to build, which relies upon the PTC. 

All Alternatives to the PTC Are Insufficient
Bolinger et al. November 2007 Ryan Wiser staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
AND
. 77 Vol. 20 No. 9 ISSN: 1040-6190 LexisNexis
Though the purpose of this article has not been to defend any particular policy outcome
AND
those policies, as well as the alternative uses of the required funds.

Advantage 1 is the economy
Sustained Growth is Key – The Economy Cant Survive Another Shock to the System
By Paul B. Farrell, MarketWatch 07/31 2012 “The Real Crash is dead ahead as 2008 is forgotten” http://www.marketwatch.com/Story/story/print?guid=4D03D32E-DA5E-11E1-8194-002128049AD6
Think history folks: Remember 2000-2002? The economy suffered a 30-
AND
without forcing a newer, tougher Glass-Steagall law on the banks.

Wind Spills Over to Other Parts of the Economy
Philip Warburg Environmental Lawyer and president of the Conservation Law Foundation 2012 Harvest the Wind: America’s Journey to Jobs, Energy Independence, and Climate Stability Beacon Press, Boston Pg95
Under the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 scenario, manufacturing jobs directly related to
AND
new, skill-based jobs – isn’t this a path worth taking?

A Permanent Extension is Key to Create Investor Certainty in the Longterm
Huffington Post 7/6 (12, “Investment will follow If congress renews PTC” http://www.thecleanenergyexchange.org/posts/view/investment-will-follow-if-congress-renews-ptc/d709khtkaw/)
This tax credit has been wildly successful, helping to fuel 400 wind manufacturing facilities
AND
growth and to assure our global leadership in a rapidly emerging new sector.
Production Tax Credit key – Failure to Extend it Tanks the Industry
Matthews 12 (Richards, 3/7, Global Warming is Real, “Why Congress Must Extend the PTC for Wind Power”, http://globalwarmingisreal.com/2012/03/07/why-congress-must-extend-the-ptc-for-wind-power/)
The expiration of the production tax credit (PTC) at the end of this
AND
entire US wind industry can be anticipated in the second half of 2012.
US Holding Global Competitive Edge on Wind Tech Now – Failure to Make the PTC Permanent Would Tank the Manufacturing Industry and global competitiveness
By Phyllis Cuttino Director, Pew Clean Energy Program 2012 August 9 Congress Must Act on Clean Energy http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/should-wind-tax-credit-stay-or.php
In 2011, for the first time in several years, the United States led
AND
compete in the global clean energy race, Congress should extend the PTC.
Manufacturing is Key to the US Economy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory 2011 “Innovations in New Technology” http://www.ornl.gov/adm/partnerships/industrial/ManufactBrochureSml.pdf
The US manufacturing industry is a cornerstone of the American ¶ economy and embodies the
AND
to transition technologies that will drive manufacturing ¶ innovations in the coming decades.
Sustaining US Job Growth is Key to the US Economy – Collapse Would Go Global
AP, 7-24-‘12 (“Another global recession on the horizon?”)
Reinvigorating the US economy prevents global economic meltdown¶ One growing concern about the global
AND
U.S. economy falls off the so-called fiscal cliff.

Economic Collapse Leads to Nuclear War – resource conflicts, hotspot escalation, and protectionism
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Advantage 2 is Energy Leadership

Energy leadership low – Obama is perceived as a nationalist on energy because of dirty energy production
Klare Professor of Peace and World Security Studies at Hampshire College 6-21-12 (Michael, “Is Barack Obama Morphing Into Dick Cheney?” http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/06/barack-obama-energy-dick-cheney, Mike)
As details of his administration's global war against terrorists, insurgents, and hostile warlords
AND
but copying the Cheney energy blueprint is bound to produce the exact opposite.

Now is key to curbing climate change – wind power sends an international signal
Global Wind Energy Council ’12 (“Wind Energy Must be Key Climate Change Solution,” http://www.gwec.net/index.php?id=136, Mike)
Climate change is now generally accepted to be the greatest environmental threat facing the world
AND
and the finance sector need for wind power to reach its full potential.
Permanent extension of PTC Is necessary to sustain energy leadership
Erin Dewey, 5- ’11 (“SUNDOWN AND YOU BETTER TAKE CARE: WHY SUNSET PROVISIONS HARM THE RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRY AND VIOLATE TAX PRINCIPLES”, 52 B.C. L. Rev 1105)
The permanent extension of the PTC is necessary to promote renewable energy in the United
AND
in the interest of realizing the social and economic benefits of renewable energy.

That Will Be Modeled
Desombre, 10 (Elizabeth R, Frost Associate Professor of Environmental Studies and Associate Professor of Political Science focusing on international environmental politics @ Wellesley,  “The United States and Global Environmental Politics: Domestic Sources of U.S. Unilateralism”, 2010, http://www.polisci.ufl.edu/usfpinstitute/2010/documents/readings/DeSombre%20Chapter.pdf) WP
U.S. leadership (or even level of participation) in international environmental
AND
, pushed by industry impacted by¶ international (or subnational) regulation.

Electrical Grid is Key Factor in Emissions
Environmental Protection Agency No Date http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html
Electricity is a significant source of energy in the United States and is used to
AND
electricity, burning coal will produce more CO2 than oil or natural gas.
Wind Power Solves Warming
Greenpeace ‘6 (“Wind Power Key to Fight Climate Change,” September 20, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/wind-power-key-to-fight-climat/, Mike)
Over a third of the world's electricity - crucially including that required by industry -
AND
will determine the world's environmental and economic situation for many decades to come."
Climate change results in multiple scenarios for extinction – it’s try or die for the aff
Sawin Senior Director of the Energy and Climate Change Program at the WorldWatch Institute Aug. ’12 (Janet, “Climate Change Poses Greater Security Threat than Terrorism,” http://www.worldwatch.org/node/77, Mike)
As early as 1988, scientists cautioned that human tinkering with the Earth's climate amounted
AND
carbon, with meaningful long-term targets that incorporate gradually declining caps. 

Warming is conclusively real and anthropogenic – acting now key to mitigate weather-disasters
Beinecke President of the Natural Resources Defense Council 8-1-12 (Frances, “Connecting the Dots on Climate Change,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/frances-beinecke/connecting-the-dots-on-cl_b_1728809.html, Mike)
On Wednesday, the Senate Environment and Public Works committee takes up the important issue
AND
would be wise to act now -- before the next weather disaster strikes.

Scientific Consensus Based on Climate Models and Observational Data That Warming is Real and Anthropogenic
By Joe Romm on Aug 28, 2012 at 12:29 pm OE ROMM is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress “Meteorological Society: Warming Is ‘Unequivocal’, We’re The ‘Dominant Cause’, We Need ‘Rapid Reduction’ Of CO2”
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/08/28/757991/meteorological-society-warming-is-unequivocal-were-the-dominant-cause-we-need-rapid-reduction-of-co2/
The American Meteorological Society has updated and strengthened its statement on global warming.¶ Here
AND
, amplifying the impact of human-induced increases in other greenhouse gases….
Environmental Leadership is Key to Shaping the Durban Platform
by Elliot Diringer Executive Vice President at C2ES 05/18/2012 Climate Negotiators Open A New Round  http://www.c2es.org/blog/diringere/climate-negotiators-open-new-round-bonn
A new round of climate talks opened this week in Bonn, Germany, with
AND
the talks along, the real work right now is back at home.
Success of the Durban Platform Creates a  Relationship of Mutual Trust Between the US and China
Alvin Lin is the China Climate and Energy Policy Director at the Natural Resources Defense Council and Michael Davidson is the US-China Climate Policy Coordinator at the Natural Resources Defense Council. Durban Climate Talks and Bridging the Trust Gap December 19, 2011
After a marathon session into early Sunday, the climate talks in Durban concluded this
AND
world will have a chance of coming together to effectively address climate change.
US Leadership on Clean Energy is Key to Establishing That Relationship
by Deborah Seligsohn on December 16, 2011 China At Durban: First Steps Toward A New Climate Agreement http://insights.wri.org/news/2011/12/china-durban-first-steps-toward-new-climate-agreement
It seems the coverage thus far has overlooked one development: the relationships that emerged
AND
domestic purposes, but the international context will be less of a motivation.

Relations prevents extinction – it is the only way to solve economic stability, terrorism, crime, prolif, and disease spread.
Wenzhong, PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2-7-2K4 (Zhou, “Vigorously Pushing Forward the Constructive and Cooperative Relationship Between China and the United States,” http://china-japan21.org/eng/zxxx/t64286.htm)

China's development needs a peaceful international environment, particularly in its periphery. We will
AND
countries, we will see even greater accomplishments in China-US relations.
 

Tournament: ASU | Round: Finals | Opponent:  | Judge:
Kosovo energy sector declining now – prevents Serbian recognition of independence
Popovici Energy Expert ‘11 (Vlad, Speaker at the 2010 International Association for Energy Economics’ International Conference in Rio de Janeiro, October 29, http://www.balkanalysis.com/energy-sector/2011/10/29/energy-sector-progress-and-setbacks-for-balkan-states-noted-in-the-ec-2011-2012-enlargement-strategy-package/, Mike)
Kosovo is also considered by the EU enlargement strategy as a potential candidate for EU
AND
with additional licenses awarded for the development of 126 MW of wind power.

Serbia will negotiate now
B92 8-31-12 (“Serbian Foreign Minister Addresses NAM Summit,” http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2012andmm=08anddd=31andnav_id=82017, Mike)
This was heard from Serbian Foreign Minister Ivan Mrkić, who on Friday in Tehran
AND
-Albanian authorities. Dialogue is the only road to peace in Kosovo."
Civil society will negotiate over energy – strong enough to cause reconciliation
Turkish Weekly 9-8-12 (“Civil Society in Kosovo and Serbia Push for Dialogue,” http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/141519/civil-society-in-kosovo-and-serbia-push-for-dialogue.html, Mike)
Kosovo and Serbia civil society share the opinion that communication between the people and the
AND
a predecessor of the political communication between the two states," Mujaj said.

The plan solves – it pushes civil societies to model U.S. wind development
Daniel M. Kammen is a professor of energy at UC Berkeley in the Energy and Resources Group and the Goldman School of Public Policy. He serves the U.S. State Department as a Clean Energy Fellow to the Americas. Kosovo counting on the U.S. for energy leadership 2012 March 28, On Clean Energy http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/openforum/article/Kosovo-counting-on-the-U-S-for-energy-leadership-3439547.php
Over the past decade, plans for 160 new coal-fired power plants in
AND
to champion sustainable development and help Kosovo lead a new clean energy path.
That’s key to Kosovo stability – the impact spills over to the entire Balkans
Freund 8-21-12 (Larry, “UN Urges Serbia Kosovo Talks,” http://www.voanews.com/content/un-urges-serbia-kosovo-talks/1492544.html, Mike)
“While the technical dialogue should continue, it is not a panacea," said
AND
is a major impediment to stability, security and prosperity throughout the Balkans.”
Kosovo instability causes international organized crime throughout the Balkans
Beehner Fellow for Truman National Security Project 9-13-12 (Lionel, “The Geopolitics of Refugee Crises,” http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2012/09/13/do-refugee-camps-prompt-humanitarian-intervention, Mike)
A look back at recent interventions is instructive on how the size and scope of
AND
and create a haven for international terrorists, drug traffickers, and criminals.” 

2 Impacts— *(The first two can be read as add-ons)*
First, Organized crime in Kosovo causes war
UN Office of Drugs and Crime ‘8 (“Crime and its Impact on the Balkans,” March, Mike)
The World Bank defines instability as “the likelihood that the government will be destabilized
AND
armament to engage militaries if it proves in their interest to do so.
Balkan war goes nuclear
Chicago Daily Herald, May 9, 1999
We hear the grim rationale for sending in ground troops "to salvage the credibility
AND
point of world conflict resulting in nuclear war and incalculable self-destruction.

Second, Organized crime causes terrorism – generic terror defense doesn’t apply to our scenario
Rom Peace, War and Defense Program @ UNC Chapel Hill ’10 (Sheila, “Instability and Desperation: The Balkan Link to Terrorism” Global Security Studies Vol. 1 Issue 3, http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Rom%20Balkans.pdf, Mike)
The asymmetrical threat posed by non-state actors, particularly terrorists, has replaced
AND
and prevent this region from becoming a major player in global terrorist network.

And even an unsuccessful nuclear attack results in retaliation, which leads to extinction
Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions, InformaWorld)
But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
AND
consultation from Washington that the latter found itself unable or unwilling to provide.

Tournament: USC | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan: The United States federal government ought to substantially reduce restrictions on energy production of natural gas by approving applications for the exportation of liquefied natural gas to the country referenced in United States Code Title 22, Chapter 44, § 2902.
Advantage 1 is the East China Sea
There is a movement in Japan to re-arm now over the Senkaku Islands – it causes a war that draws in the U.S. and goes nuclear
Hallinan 10-19-12 (Conn Hallinan is a Foreign Policy In Focus columnist, a columnist for the Berkeley Daily Planet, former professor and chair of journalism at UC Santa Cruz, and Provost at UC Santa Cruz.  “Japan’s Right Sees Nuclear Arms in Island Dispute,” http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/opinion/japans-right-sees-nuclear-arms-in-island-dispute-304643.html, Mike)
Behind the current impasse among China, Japan, and Taiwan over five tiny specks
AND
the words of John Hersey, “the atomic bomb flashed above Hiroshima.”

Natural Gas competition is the FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM that triggers the miscalc war over the Senkaku Islands
Weitz Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute 9-18-12 (Richard, “Senkaku Dispute Reflects China-Japan Struggle for Regional Primacy,” http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/12342/global-insights-senkaku-dispute-reflects-china-japan-struggle-for-regional-primacy, Mike)
The large-scale anti-Japanese protests that swept across China over the weekend
AND
continue to support sustained dialogue and other mechanisms for containing their escalatory potential.
That miscalc will set off a CHAIN REACTION; deterrence and Interdependence CANNOT check
Auslin Resident Scholar at the AEI American Enterprise Institute 10-10-12 (Michael, “The Looming Danger of an Asian Cold War,” http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/the-looming-danger-of-an-asian-cold-war-1.1087108, Mike)
There is a strong possibility that politics will trump economics in the new tension that
AND
plunging the world’s second and third-largest economies into actual conflict. This
would harm both economies, destabilise world markets and force the US into excruciatingly difficult choices over whether to uphold its mutual defence treaty with Japan and put at risk its entire relationship with China.
That causes a naval arms race between China and the U.S. that escalates—Causes global nuclear war
Lantier 10-16-12 (Alex, “US Stokes China-Japan Dispute Over Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands,” http://www.wsws.org/articles/2012/oct2012/senk-o16.shtml, Mike)
The United States is deepening its support for Japan in its standoff with China over
AND
imperialism against Iran and China, to assert control over key sea lanes.

Natural Gas is the MAIN TRIGGER of conflict-- No Alt Causes
Lavelle and Smith National Geographic 10-26-12 (Marianne and Jeff, Marianne Lavelle is an investigative reporter for The Center for Public Integrity, She previously worked for U.S. News and World Report and The National Law Journal and has received numerous journalistic honors, including the George Polk Award and the Investigative Reporters and Editors Award. “Why Are China and Japan Sparring Over Eight Tiny, Uninhabited Islands,”news.nationalgeographic.com/ news/energy/ 2012/10/121026-east-china-sea-dispute/, Mike)
A team of Japanese surveyors prepares to depart for the Senkaku Islands, where oil
AND
visits to both Japan and China to urge the two nations to talk. 

Advantage 2 is the Japanese Economy
Senkaku conflict opens a unique opportunity for Japan to shift its economic strategy – Japan’s is key to the entire Asian supply chain
Ziangyang Director of the National Institute of International Strategy at the Chinese Academcy of Social Sciences 10-22-12 (Li, “China, South Korea to accelerate FTA negotiations without Japan,” http://ajw.asahi.com/article/asia/china/AJ201210220004, accessed 10-22-12, Mike)
Amid the dispute over the Senkaku Islands, Chinese officials refused to interact with their
AND
will not yield, even if we have to pay some economic costs.
Island tensions prevent regional economic integration causing Asian FTAs to fail in the status quo
Fukagawa Professor of the East Asian Economy at Waseda University 10-22-12 (Yukiko, “China, South Korea to accelerate FTA negotiations without Japan,” http://ajw.asahi.com/article/asia/ china/AJ201210220004, accessed 10-22-12, Mike)
With political tensions between Japan and China becoming this strained, we cannot expect any
AND
in which they seek out countries other than China when making new investments.

Draws in global commerce
Seattle Times 9-27-12 (“Senkaku Islands Dispute Could Paralyze Asian Economy,” http://seattletimes.com/html/opinion/2019281476_guestgregnancexml.html, Mike)
THE long-simmering rivalry between Japan and China, triggered by Japan’s purchase of several Senkaku Islands, is a gathering typhoon that threatens the entire region. The U.S. must take decisive steps to mediate this dispute, or it will paralyze trade in Asia, and by extension, global commerce. As a trade-dependent state, Washington has a major stake in keeping Asia’s maritime trade routes open. 

LNG Imports are an inevitable part of Japan’s energy diet – nuclear restarts are far away
Reuters 12-20-12 (“Early Japan Reactor Restarts Unlikely Despite LDP Win,” http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201212200087, Mike)
Hopes within an anxious business community that Japan's idle nuclear power stations would be rapidly
AND
, may also encourage policymakers to put off decisions to a later date."
They choose LNG over oil for primary energy supply
Das Founder of UniversalPegasus International ’11 (D.K., “Issues Facing U.S. Shale Gas Exports To Japan,” December, Pipeline and Gas Journal, Lexis, Mike)
Japan has limited energy resources and its energy self-sufficiency, even after inclusion
AND
presents a unique opportunity for gas producers to sell more LNG to Japan. 

LNG imports are key to Japanese growth in the short-term – what happens in the next ten years is key
World Gas Conference ’12 (“Japanese LNG Dependence Will Continue,” June 7, http://www.epmag.com/Production/WGC-Poll-Japanese-LNG-Dependence-Continue_101556, Mike)
Delegates at the World Gas Conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, believe Japan’s dependence
AND
country’s reliance on LNG will end in the short to medium-term.”

The plan is key to the global supply chain
Terry-Cobo ’12 (Sarah, The Journal Record “Asian Markets Could Create Opportunity for U.S. LNG Exports,” May 11, Lexis, Mike)
In the wake of the magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan in March 2011
AND
All of these things will affect domestic demand, in turn affecting prices.

Japanese economic decline fosters political support for remilitarization
Nye Professor emeritus of Government at Harvard 11-27-12 (Joseph, “Japan’s Nationalism is a Sign of Weakness,” http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c6b307ae-3890-11e2-981c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2Gejxj4JZ, Mike)
On December 16 Japan will hold an election and if the polls are correct,
AND
prosperity that has been so beneficial to the region and to the world.
Nuclear Rearm only takes 90 days
Margolis Sun Daily 10-28-12 (Eric, “Japan Can’t Keep Avoiding the Nuclear Threat,” http://www.thesundaily.my/news/527085, Mike)
THE noisy Tokyo-Beijing fracas over uninhabited specks of rock in the China Sea
AND
-Japanese invective across Asia, but Tokyo really has no other choice.
Japanese rearm causes global nuclear war
Liu, Professor of Political Science @ The College of Charleston. 2004. Guoli Chinese Foreign Policy in Transition. Pg. 15
Unless this nuclear crisis is resolved, peace on the Korean Peninsula will remain fragile
AND
the balance of power in the region and threaten global peace and security.

Solvency-
Japan will choose to import from the U.S. – solves their dependence on Asian resources
Fesharaki,  Ph.D. in Economics at University of Surrey and Visiting Fellow at Harvard’s Center for Middle Eastern Studies ’12 (Dr. Fereidun Fesharaki’s work is well-recognized worldwide for pioneering oil and gas market analysis and studies of the Asia Pacific/Middle East energy markets since the early 1980s. In the late 1970s, he attended the OPEC Ministerial Conferences in his capacity as Energy Adviser to the Prime Minister of Iran. He is a Senior Fellow at the East-West Center, where he heads the energyrelated research. He joined the East-West Center in 1979. Dr. Fesharaki is the author of more than 70 papers and has authored or edited over twenty three books and monographs. He serves on the editorial boards of many journals, including Energy Economics, Energy Policy, Energy - The International Journal, Geopolitics of Energy, Hydrocarbon Asia, and Journal of Energy Finance and Development. Dr. Fesharaki was the 1993 President of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE), the key professional organization representing over 3,000 energy economists in more than 70 countries. In 1989, Dr. Fesharaki was elected a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. Since 1991, he has been a member of the International Advisory Board of Nippon Oil. Dr. Fesharaki is also a member of the Pacific Council on International Policy. In 1995, Dr. Fesharaki was elected as a Senior Fellow of the U.S. Association for Energy Economics for distinguished services in the field of energy economics. In 1998, Dr. Fesharaki joined the Board of Directors of the American-Iranian Council. In 2002, Dr. Fesharaki was appointed a Senior Associate of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. In 2008, Dr. Fesharaki was appointed a member of the National Petroleum Council by the US Secretary of Energy. In 2009, Dr. Fesharaki was appointed a member of Dubai Mercantile Exchange Limited (DME) Board of Directors. March, http://www.hcasia.safan.com/mag/hca0112/r20.pdf, Mike)
The Japanese government, in the form of MITI, now METI, the Ministry
AND
of a new era fast tracked by the Japanese government energy policy concerns.

The plan guarantees a shift from nuclear to natural gas
Economist 9-22-12 (“Foot on the Gas,” http://www.economist.com/node/21563342, Mike)
WITH doubts running high about how long the Japanese government can survive, its decision
AND
. Woolliness may be sensible economics. But it is bad politics nonetheless.
Experts agree – the market is guaranteed to work
Oil and Gas Journal, ’11 (“US LNG Exports Likely in Near Term,” March 14, http://www.ogj.com/articles/ print/volume-109/issue-11/general-interest/comment-consultant-us-lng-exports-likely.html, Mike)
*Also no-links the Russia Oil DA
We are on the brink of a new opening of LNG exports from an unexpected
AND
Sabine Pass, La., has attracted the most interest from prospective tenants.
The plan is a financial incentive that causes an 80% increase in new natural gas production in the United States
Levi Council on Foreign Relations, ’12 (Michael, June “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/6/13%20exports%20levi/06_exports_levi, Mike)
One also needs to know how natural gas exports would affect domestic natural gas production
AND
billion for every one-dollar increase in the overseas natural gas price.
The plan reassures Japan and exports are commercially online before 2015
Das Founder of UniversalPegasus International ’11 (D.K., “Issues Facing U.S. Shale Gas Exports To Japan,” December, Pipeline and Gas Journal, Lexis, Mike)
Japan would obviously seek reliable suppliers with which it has had a long relationship who
AND
and quicker access to the Far East, prime area for LNG demand.

Tournament: USC | Round: 5 | Opponent: UCF | Judge: 

1. The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated policy outcomes of government implementation of the plan
   A. Predictable Limits – should which implies a question over federal action.
   B. Education- Energy POLICY matters and we need policy action to address the pressing energy needs of the US and the world
   Wirth, Gray and Podesta, very qualified, ‘3 The Future  of Energy Policy Timothy E. Wirth, C. Boyden Gray, and John D. Podesta Timothy E. Wirth is President of the United Nations Foundation and a former U.S. Senator from Colorado. C. Boyden Gray is a partner at Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering and served as Counsel to former President George H.W. Bush. John D. Podesta is Visiting Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center and served as Chief of Staff to former President Bill Clinton. Volume 82 • Number 4 Foreign Affairs 2003 Council on Foreign Relations
   The big questions A century ago, Lord Selborne, the first lord of the
   AND
   challenges and the interests that can be mobilized for the necessary political change. 

Permutation do both – solves better and the aff is a net-benefit
Bryant and Goodman 4 - * PhD in Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, Professor of Communication Studies
Raymond and Michael, “Consuming Narratives: The Political Ecology of 'Alternative' Consumption,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, Vol. 29, No. 3
The consumption practices of the conservation- and solidarity-seeking commodity cultures described here
AND
along the powerful socio-economic and ecological networks of production and development.

Environmental management and tech are key to prevent extinction-there is no more “natural” state to retreat to
Robertson 7 Ross, Associate Editor, What Is Enlightenment, previously worked for the National Resources Defense Council, “A Brighter Shade of Green: Rebooting Environmentalism for the 21st Century”, http://www.enlightennext.org/magazine/j38/bright-green.asp, AVLB
It was a philosophy that completely reversed the fulcrum of environmental thinking, shifting its
AND
boldly enough and we may fail completely.”¶ GENDERED LANGUAGE SAID IN CONTEXT¶
Focus on individual consumption leads to socially regressive solutions – re-inscribe inequality
Martens and Spaargaren 5 - * Researcher at the Environmental Policy Group at Wageningen University, Professor of Environmental Policy @ Wageningen
Martens, S. and Spaargaren, G. 2005. The politics of sustainable consumption: the case of the Netherlands.  Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy 1(1):29-42. Proquest
We begin with a discussion of the possible weaknesses inherent in more consumption-oriented
AND
institutional actors—socially regressive and environmentally ineffectual outcomes will be the result.
The alternative fails—idealism cannot save the environment, only specific reforms.
Martin Lewis, 1994. Lecturer in history and director of the International Relations program at Stanford. Green Delusions, p. 12-3, Google Books.
It is certainly not my belief that ideas are insignificant or that attempting to change
AND
creation of an ecologically sustainable society becomes little more than an impossible dream.

Critiquing technological advances are regressive and doom the environment to catastrophe – it’s impossible to solve environmental problems without applying tech and instrumental rationality
Stephen Eric Bronner, Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University, 2004, Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement, p. 160

Critics of the Enlightenment may have correctly emphasized the price of progress, the costs
AND
transcend the crude cate¬gories of technical criteria and slide-rule measurements.”7

Environmental solutions must be sustainable—ignoring human needs means there will be an inevitable backlash that dismantles the alternative.
Daniel Farber, 1999. Professor of Law at the University of Minnesota. Eco-Pragmatism, Pg. 12-3.
The ultimate challenge for environmental law is social sustainability.  It will do little good
AND
a few years.  Environmental protection is a marathon, not a sprint.

Floating PICs bad

1. No Solvency Advocate – no literature basis for doing the aff without its justifications. 2. Kills Aff ground –
   a. forces us to debate ourselves and makes it impossible to generate offense
   b. Limiting aff ground to reps good is bad ground –justifies severing our reps

3. Kills education – only a risk that the PIC distracts from the substance of the critical lit because it oversimplifies the thesis of their lit base – means running the k without the PIC solves your education offense  

Consumption-only focus fails, it ignores production-oriented environmental degradation
Holmes 7 (Dave, “A socialist view of global warming: change the system, not the climate!”, Google Books, accessed: 6/26/12)
Such views among genuine environmental activists reflect a well-meaning but ultimately utopian belief
AND
 society: what might be called the global ‘treadmill of production’.” 

The world of the alternative would be comparatively worse—returning to nature would put too much pressure on the environment, hastening extinction.
Martin Lewis, 1994. Lecturer in history and director of the International Relations program at Stanford. Green Delusions, p. 8, Google Books.
Finally, the radical green movement threatens nature by advocating a return to the land
AND
devastation that occurs when economic growth stalls out in an already industrialized society.

Their critique devalues life; rejecting technological thought also rejects technological innovation and dooms us to extinction
Heaberlin, 4 – nuclear engineer, led the Nuclear Safety and Technology Applications Product Line at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Scott, A Case for Nuclear-Generated Electricity, p. 31-40) 

Well, then let's not do that, huh? Well, no, not
AND
use technology wisely and win free to make a better life for everyone.

Tournament: Cal College Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma BC | Judge:
The status quo prevents regional and state level feed in tariffs from being effective- the Federal Energy Regulatory Committees recent ruling mandates electricity produced be purchased at an “avoided cost” making solar impossible
D.A. Barber, 10-23-12 (regular correspondent for two Southern Arizona business publications and spent five years writing for the University of Arizona’s Report on Research. “U.S. Feed-in Tariffs will Increase PV Demand”, Energy Trend)
While FIT programs are far and few between in the United States, the city
AND
and states that have the greatest rooftop PV marketing potential for module companies.
Absent regulatory reform state RPS and Feed in Tariffs are doomed
Felix Mormann, ’11 (Fellow, Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford Law School “Requirements for a Renewables Revolution”, 38 Ecology L.Q. 903)
Finally, in the absence of a strong, long-term federal commitment to
AND
Utilities Commission decision into a Pyrrhic victory for state-level deployment policies.
The plan: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ought to permit states to set rates above the avoided cost for the production of solar energy

Advantage 1 is Warming
FERC restrictions prevent effective Feed in tariffs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
DAVID YAFFE, ’10 (The Electricity Journal, “Are State Renewable Feed-In-Tariff Initiatives Truly Throttled by Federal Statutes After the FERC California Decision?”)
For the last few years, several local and state governments, reflecting local policies
AND
” rate when such a premium is needed to facilitate dispersed renewable development.
Effective feed in tariffs cause solar revolution
JENNIFER KHO, ‘9 (“Is a Feed-In Tariff a good FIT for the U.S.?”, Editor for Clean Technica)
But so far, there’s no question that a German-style feed-in
AND
so far, we’ve found it’s not growing as fast as it should.”
Electrical Grid is Key Factor in Emissions
Environmental Protection Agency No Date http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html
Electricity is a significant source of energy in the United States and is used to
AND
electricity, burning coal will produce more CO2 than oil or natural gas.
Most recent IPCC report concludes warming causes extinctions
Science Daily 7 (IPCC Synthesis Report: Risks And Rewards Of Combating Climate Change, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071119122043.htm)
The challenges and opportunities facing the world as a result of climate change have been
AND
of issues like poverty, unequal access to resources, conflict and disease.
Advantage 2 is Climate Denialism
Climate skeptics are overwhelmingly paid off – extreme political incentives for denialist testimony have kick started an anti-science movement that defines American energy policy
Prothero 12 (Donald Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College, Lecturer in Geobiology at CalTech, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," 3/1/12, EBSCO)
This is a rare degree of agreement within such an independent and cantankerous group as
AND
an old spy novel? Scientists tend to be independent and resist authority.
Statistical Analysis Prove Climate Denialism Has Zero Scientific Backing in Peer Reviewed Journals – Its All Spin and Media Manipulation
Jim Powell is a science author. He has been a college and museum president and was a member of the National Science Board for 12 years, appointed first by President Reagan and then by President George H. W. Bush. 11/15 2012 Why Climate Deniers Have No Scientific Credibility - In One Pie Chart http://www.desmogblog.com/2012/11/15/why-climate-deniers-have-no-credibility-science-one-pie-chart
Polls show that many members of the public believe that scientists substantially disagree about human
AND
cause. These are known facts about which virtually all publishing scientists agree.

Critique of Climate Science is Intellectually Bankrupt and Does Not Exist in a Vacuum – Rejection of Climate Science Will Be Appropriated by Right Wing Fundamentalists – Only Our Approach Can Act as a Bridge Between the Aff and the K
Michael Bérubé Paterno Family Professor in Literature at Pennsylvania State University 2011 Winter The Science Wars Redux Issue #19, http://www.democracyjournal.org/19/6789.php?page=all
Those were not, of course, the questions Sokal wanted to raise. He
AND
tasks so urgent. About that, even Heisenberg himself would be certain.
You Should Be Highly Skeptical of Their Claims of Radical Skepticism – The Arguments of The Left Are Just Those of the Right – There is Nothing Radical About Their Questioning of The Facts –
Clive Hamilton Professor of Public Ethics, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Canberra 28 October 2010 Why We Resist the Truth About Climate Change ¶ A paper to the Climate Controversies: Science and politics conference ¶ Museum of Natural Sciences, ¶ Brussels,  http://www.clivehamilton.net.au/cms/media/why_we_resist_the_truth_about_climate_change.pdf
The opening of the gulf was due to the fact that Republican Party activists,
AND
whitecoated experts too preoccupied with their test tubes and retorts to be political.

A Focus on Climate Change Allows Policymakers a Unique Platform For Examining Ethical Dimensions of Policy – Only Serious Consideration of the Environment Can Create a New Ethic That Shifts The Way We Understand Energy Consumption
By Haydn Washington is an environmental scientist with writer with 35 years' experience is currently a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Environmental Studies at the University of New South Wales and John Cook is the Climate Change Communication Fellow for the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland 2011 Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand
First we need to change society’s worldview, the way we see the world.
AND
can do (and is doing) for us (Hulme, 2009).
That’s Key to Flip Perceptions of US Climate Policy
By BRYAN WALSH Tuesday, Oct. 04, 2011 Who's Bankrolling the Climate-Change Deniers? http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2096055,00.html
As the sociologists Riley Dunlap of Oklahoma State University and Aaron McCright of Michigan State
AND
Reality project, which was broadcast around the world on Sept. 14.

Advantage Three – Defending Our Assumptions
Scientific knowledge is best because it subjects itself to constant refinement based on empirical evidence
Hutcheon 93—former prof of sociology of education at U Regina and U British Columbia. Former research advisor to the Health Promotion Branch of the Canadian Department of Health and Welfare and as a director of the Vanier Institute of the Family. Phd in sociology, began at Yale and finished at U Queensland. (Pat, A Critique of "Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA", http://www.humanists.net/pdhutcheon/humanist%20articles/lewontn.htm)
The introductory lecture in this series articulated the increasingly popular "postmodernist" claim that
AND
mean failure, in that the theory itself has altered in the process.
Science is the opposite of domination – scientific knowledge liberates and improves lives.
Bronner 4 Stephen Eric Bronner, Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University, 2004, Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement, p. 21-23

Something will always be missing: freedom will never become fully manifest in reality.
AND
the contrary: progress became meaningful only with reference to real liv¬ing individuals.
Short-term market mechanisms are key solution to environmental destruction
Bryant 12—professor of philosophy at Collin College (Levi, We’ll Never Do Better Than a Politician: Climate Change and Purity, 5/11/12, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/well-never-do-better-than-a-politician-climate-change-and-purity/)
Somewhere or other Latour makes the remark that we’ll never do better than a politician
AND
there’s no way around this, and we do need to act now.

Material over epistemological
Bryant 12 (levi, famous internet blogger and OOOlogist, professor of philosophy at Collin College. On Cynicism. http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/12/20/on-cynicism/)
I’ve expressed this thought elsewhere and before, but what we need more than ever
AND
intoxication with epistemology, will we be able to move beyond this paralysis.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The status quo prevents regional and state level feed in tariffs from being effective- the Federal Energy Regulatory commission’s recent ruling mandates electricity produced be purchased at an “avoided cost” making solar impossible
D.A. Barber, 10-23-12 (regular correspondent for two Southern Arizona business publications and spent five years writing for the University of Arizona’s Report on Research. “U.S. Feed-in Tariffs will Increase PV Demand”, Energy Trend)
While FIT programs are far and few between in the United States, the city
AND
and states that have the greatest rooftop PV marketing potential for module companies.
Effective Feed in Tariffs are the only way to make solar power scalable, creates a strong solar manufacturing base and market competition
Melanie Hart and Kate Gordon, 5-16- 12 (Policy Analyst on China Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress , “5 Myths and Realities About U.S.-China Solar Trade Competition”, Center for American Progress)
Innovation and demand-side policy, not cheap imports, are the real keys
AND
. That is the real key to U.S. market success.
Absent regulatory reform state RPS and Feed in Tariffs are doomed
Felix Mormann, ’11 (Fellow, Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford Law School “Requirements for a Renewables Revolution”, 38 Ecology L.Q. 903)
Finally, in the absence of a strong, long-term federal commitment to
AND
Utilities Commission decision into a Pyrrhic victory for state-level deployment policies.
Advantage 1 is Warming
FERC restrictions prevent effective Feed in tariffs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
DAVID YAFFE, ’10 (The Electricity Journal, “Are State Renewable Feed-In-Tariff Initiatives Truly Throttled by Federal Statutes After the FERC California Decision?”)
For the last few years, several local and state governments, reflecting local policies
AND
” rate when such a premium is needed to facilitate dispersed renewable development.
Studies go aff- The plan DIRECTLY makes solar cost completive with natural gas, causing solar to satisfy nearly all of US electricity needs
Ken Willis, 10-25- 12 (Emeritus Professor of Environmental Economics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK  “Solar Energy Is Ready. The U.S. Isn't”, Bloomberg News)
Worldwide, the picture is even more positive. Australia projects that 10 percent of
AND
which would make homegrown solar competitive with commercial power rates in many states.
Electrical Grid is Key Factor in Emissions
Environmental Protection Agency No Date http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html
Electricity is a significant source of energy in the United States and is used to
AND
electricity, burning coal will produce more CO2 than oil or natural gas.
Effective feed in tariffs establish energy independence and environmental leadership
Kellie M. Delaney, ‘8 (J.D. Candidate, California Western School of Law, 2009; M.A., Comparative Literature and B.A., Comparative Literature, University of California, Irvine. “THE SOLAR AGE: HOW FEED-IN LAWS FROM GERMANY CHART THE COURSE TO A U.S. SOLAR ENERGY MARKET”)
Can a new administration and political priorities make all the difference in 2009? Or
AND
backbone for sustained interest in renewable energy, regardless of changing political winds.
US Shift to Renewables Gives Credibility to Our Push to Reduce Other Short Term Pollutants to Solve Warming in the Short Term
Steve Seidel is Senior Advisor at C2ES 02/17/2012 http://www.c2es.org/blog/seidels/how-us-can-lead-short-lived-climate-pollutants HOW U.S. CAN LEAD ON SHORT-LIVED CLIMATE POLLUTANTS
With Secretary Clinton’s announcement this week of a new coalition aimed at short-lived
AND
the ensuing human and economic losses, these are investments well worth making.
Environmental Leadership is Key to Shaping the Durban Platform
by Elliot Diringer Executive Vice President at C2ES 05/18/2012 Climate Negotiators Open A New Round  http://www.c2es.org/blog/diringere/climate-negotiators-open-new-round-bonn
A new round of climate talks opened this week in Bonn, Germany, with
AND
the talks along, the real work right now is back at home.
We are at a crossroads, the Durban Platform is an Empty Gesture Now – US Leadership Now is Key to Give It Teeth and the worst impacts of global warming
Jan W. Dash, UU-UNO Climate Initiative Chair Dec 12, 2011 “The Durban Platform and what we should do about it” http://www.uu-uno.org/2011/12/the-durban-platform-and-what-we-should-do-about-it/
The Durban Climate Conference (COP17), deadlocked, ran overtime with contentious debate.
AND
race depends on what we do right now.¶ Let’s get to work.
Most recent IPCC report concludes warming causes extinctions
Science Daily 7 (IPCC Synthesis Report: Risks And Rewards Of Combating Climate Change, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071119122043.htm)
The challenges and opportunities facing the world as a result of climate change have been
AND
of issues like poverty, unequal access to resources, conflict and disease.
Warming is real and anthropogenic—Skeptics are bought off clowns
Prothero 12 (Donald Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College, Lecturer in Geobiology at CalTech, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," 3/1/12, EBSCO)
How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There
AND
change when it threatens their survival. Neither can we as a society.

Adv 2
Previous court decisions have established the Filed Rate doctrine- The plan is key to reverse this trend  
Steven Ferrey,  ’12 (Professor of Law, Suffolk University Law School, USA (“Legal Barriers to Sub-National Governance Techniques by U.S. States for Renewable Energy Promotion and GHG Control”, Prepared for the 2nd UNITAR'-Yale Conference on Environmental Governance and Democracy)
The so-called “filed-rate doctrine” of federal/Constitutional law
AND
. There also are two other exemptions affecting regulated investor-owned utilities.
The Filed Rate Doctrine keeps dairy prices artificially low
Don T. Hibner, Jr.- Counsel to the Antitrust Practice Group in the firm's Los Angeles office, 9-19-12 (“In Agricultural Regulation, A "Flawed Rate" is Not a "Filed Rate" For Damage Purposes”, JD Supra Law News)
Notwithstanding the general applicability of the Filed Rate Doctrine, the Ninth Circuit recently held that it does not necessarily bar producer class actions for overcharges. Whether a given rating authority has “rejected” a rate under its regulatory jurisdiction, albeit after the fact, is a creature of its statutory framework. Gerald Carlin, et al. v. DairyAmerica, Inc., et al., No. 10-16448 (9th Cir. August 7, 2012) .
The United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), pursuant to the Agricultural Marketing Agreement
AND
garnered significant financial benefits, to the detriment of the plaintiff dairy farmers.
Low dairy prices destroy the Indian economy
Amul 7 (“Amul Emerges As World’s Largest Pouched Milk Brand”, Business Wire India, 6-15, http://www.businesswireindia.com/PressRelease.asp?b2mid=13039)
¶ Commenting on the state of the Indian economy, Shri Bhatol said that with
AND
propel Indian economy and society to occupy centre stage in the global scenario.”

Indian econ accesses multiple scenarios for extinction – nuclear winter with Pakistan, nuclear war with China, and Naxalite Insurgency
Robinson ‘10
Dr. David Robinson, History lecturer at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Western Australia and published author that  holds a PhD in History, and is mid-way through a Master of International Relations degree. “The Regional and Global Implications of India’s Rise as a Great Power.” – June 17th, 2010 – made available at http://lfort.wordpress.com/2010/06/17/indias-rise-as-a-great-power/#_ftn21

Over the last decade there has been an increasing focus on India’s economic and military
AND
, and thus may falsely ‘retaliate’ against the other country.70 

Plan
Plan: The United States Supreme Court ought to give sanction to the setting of rates substantially above the avoided cost rate for the production of solar power. 

Solvency
The Court Can Determine Price Floors on Federal Regulatory Policies – Best for establishing precedent
Jim Rossi and Thomas Hutton, ‘12 (Harry M. Walborsky Professor and Associate Dean for Research , “Judge Cudahy and the Deference Tension in United States Energy Law”, 29 Yale J. on Reg. 371)
¶ As a parting thought, we consider and attempt to resolve an apparent tension
AND
the dual principles of economic humility and subnational innovation that Judge Cudahy has embraced

Lack of clarity in just and reasonable definition prevents RE promotion
Gabe Maser, ‘12 (Former Director, Washington, D.C. Office of Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick; Georgetown University Law Center, J.D. ,“It’s Electric, but FERC’s Cost–Causation Boogie-Woogie Fails To Justify Socialized Costs for Renewable Transmission”, Georgetown law journal)
The principal statute governing electric-power transactions in the United States is the Federal
AND
bill for a project that advances the public policy choices of its neighbors?

Tournament: Northwestern  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated policy outcomes of government implementation of the plan
a. Predictable Limits—Should which implies a question over federal action
b. Education— Our rhetoric is key to mobilize mind-set shift on climate change- scientific claims in the public sphere are key to crowding out pro-fossil fuel dominance of perception – empirically proven – the alternative cedes the polluter
Romm 12
Joe Romm, the climate homie, Fellow at American Progress. Apocalypse Not: The Oscars, The Media And The Myth of ‘Constant Repetition of Doomsday Messages’ on Climate. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/26/432546/apocalypse-not-oscars-media-myth-of-repetition-of-doomsday-messages-on-climate/?mobile=nc
The two greatest myths about global warming communications are 1) constant repetition of¶
AND
solutions available now, repeated as often as¶ possible from multiple sources.
c. Advocacy—Simulation and institutional deliberation are valuable and motivate effective responses to climate risks
Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf)
Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience
AND
engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making.
d. Communication – DEBATE roleplay specifically activates agency
Hanghoj 8
http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
 Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008
 Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish
Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of
Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have
taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the
Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab
Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant
professor. 

 Thus, debate games require teachers to balance the centripetal/centrifugal forces of
AND
, but also in becoming articulate and responsive citizens in a democratic society. 

Public advocacy of climate solutions key to change governmental policy---individual change insufficient
CAG 10—Climate Change Communication Advisory Group. Dr Adam Corner School of Psychology, Cardiff University - Dr Tom Crompton Change Strategist, WWF-UK - Scott Davidson Programme Manager,  Global Action Plan - Richard Hawkins Senior Researcher,  Public Interest Research Centre - Professor Tim Kasser, Psychology department, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, USA.  - Dr Renee Lertzman, Center for Sustainable Processes and  Practices, Portland State University, US. - Peter Lipman, Policy Director, Sustrans. - Dr Irene Lorenzoni, Centre for Environmental Risk,  University of East Anglia. - George Marshall, Founding Director, Climate Outreach , Information Network - Dr Ciaran Mundy, Director, Transition Bristol - Dr Saffron O’Neil, Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, Australia.  - Professor Nick Pidgeon, Director, Understanding Risk Research Group, School of Psychology, Cardiff University. - Dr Anna Rabinovich, School of Psychology, University of Exeter - Rosemary Randall, Founder and director of Cambridge Carbon Footprint - Dr Lorraine Whitmarsh, School of Psychology, Cardiff University and Visiting Fellow at the, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. (Communicating climate change to mass public audience, http://pirc.info/downloads/communicating_climate_mass_audiences.pdf)
This short advisory paper collates a set of recommendations about how best to shape mass
AND
they would like structural barriers to behavioural/societal change to be removed.

Foregrounding of whiteness reinforces US exceptionalism, undermining solvency – their localization to intra-debate community issues is an exclamation mark
Carey 2009 (Jane Carey, Postcolonialism Researcher, Monach U, Leigh Boucher, School of Modern History and PLS, Marquarie U, and Katherine Ellinghaus (School of Hist Studies, Monach U), Re-Orienting Whiteness (B) 2009)
 (p3-4) Arneson was not alone, as the flurry of
AND
far too important to allow them to be subsumed within such parochial concerns.

Whiteness studies fail – US model focus – they aggravate the problem by trying to sidestep our literature bases
Jane Carey (Postcolonialism Researcher, Monach U), Leigh Boucher (School of Modern History and PLS, Marquarie U), and Katherine Ellinghaus (School of Hist Studies, Monach U), Re-Orienting Whiteness (B) 2009
(p2) This is not to say that this collection is united by an
AND
major intellectual currents that have shaped research on race outside the United States.

Coal burning plants disproportionally affect the poor and minorities – pollution and waste unjustly cause numerous health impacts and independently worsens the effects of climate change
Air of Injustice, 2 (Report collaborated by the Black Leadership Forum, The Southern Organizing Committee for Economic and Social Justice, The Georgia Coalition for The Peoples’ Agenda, and Clear the Air, a joint project of three leading air quality groups: the Clean Air Task Force, National Environmental Trust and U.S. PIRG Education Fund. The Clean Air Task Force, “African Americans and Power Plant Pollution”, October 2002, http://www.energyjustice.net/files/coal/Air_of_Injustice.pdf)WP
African Americans are more likely to ¶ suffer health effects from air pollution.¶ The
AND
contaminate the soil¶ and can contaminate nearby¶ areas with windblown dust.
WARMING SERVES AS AN ACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM – DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS NATIVE AMERICANS.
SMITH 4
Joel, Stratus Consulting, “A synthesis of potential climate change impacts on the US’ Pew Center, April -- online
Even within regions that may have net economic benefits, individual communities and people could
AND
to cope, and are not able to easily move to new locations. 

Social Death is an incomplete and unproductive frame for academic discussion
Daniel E. Rossi-Keen  ( Assistant Professor of Communication Studies at Stetson University in
DeLand, Florida) Review Essay: The Life-Giving Gift of Acknowledgment (A Philosophical and Rhetorical Inquiry). By Michael J. Hyde. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2006; pp.
xviii + 336. $34.95 paper. Rhetoric and Public Affairs, Volume 11, Number 4, Winter 2008,
pp. 659-677 (Review) – obtained via Project Muse

Emphasis on philosophy abounds in the first half of the book. This is especially
AND
of his or her own work in expanding and applying this theoretical construct. 

Methodological criticisms of our evidence base on the institutionalized nature of race does not warrant simply ignoring it -
Martyn Hammersley (Prof. Education and Social Research @ Centre for Childhood, Development and Learning) 1993, British Journal of Sociology, “Research and 'anti-racism': the case of Peter Foster and his critics,” 44.3, 11-93, JSTOR
Various sorts of criticism have been directed at the validity of Foster's work. Some
AND
people have privileged access to knowledge while others are blinded by ideology.20

The state is inevitable and an indispensable part of the solution to warming
Eckersley 4 Robyn, Reader/Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Melbourne, “The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty”, MIT Press, 2004, Google Books, pp. 3-8
While acknowledging the basis for this antipathy toward the nation- state, and the
AND
at least as a potentially more significant ally in the green cause.17

Tournament: Northwestern  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
There is zero link to the UNICOR DA- Solar panels produced by prison labor can ONLY be purchased by government agencies, It is literally ILLEGAL for them to be sold to anyone who would benefit from raising the avoided cost
Andrew Stiles, 1-20-12 (“Green Energy Gulag”, The Washington Free Beacon)
The Obama administration is using prison labor to advance its green energy agenda, enriching
AND
products, even if cheaper alternatives are available—to undercut private businesses.¶
The status quo is much worse for prisoners- Coal mining uses prison labor
Steve Fraser and Josh Freeman, ’12 (“Locking Down an American Workforce”, http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175531/)
Sweatshop labor is back with a vengeance. It can be found across broad stretches
AND
the felons were integrated made up the heart of the new American economy.
Decentralized solar power solves prison labor—federal agencies are the primary benefactors of UNICOR
Adams, Master of Science in Business Analysis at The Catholic University of America, 6-20-12 (Becket Adams, “The Big (Green) House: Obama Admin. Uses Prison Labor to Advance Green Energy Agenda”, The Blaze, http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2012/06/20/the-big-green-house-obama-admin-uses-prison-labor-to-advance-green-energy-agenda/comment-page-2/?corder=desc#comments)

Okay, how does any of this work? Federal Prison Industries, Inc.
AND
the law requires government agencies buy from, well, the government agency.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. We Meet- Our Plan increases a financial incentive for energy production
   Steven Ferrey, ’10 (Professor of Law, Suffolk University Law School, “Legal Barriers to Sub-National Governance Techniques by U.S. States for Renewable Energy Promotion and GHG Control”, Prepared for the 2nd UNITAR'-Yale Conference on Environmental Governance and Democracy) The U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
   http://conference.unitar.org/yale/sites/conference.unitar.org.yale/files/Paper_Ferrey_0.pdf)
   “A feed-in tariff (FIT) is an energy supply policy that
   AND
   thus “have the incentive to continue to produce and supply power.xxi

2. We Meet – the Plan text says substantial and we mandate an increase of financial incentives in the US
3. Counter-interpretation-Substantially means considerable in importance
Words and Phrases, 1990 (Pocket Part, p. 212).
Substantial Important, essential, amount or extent.  Considerable in importance, values, degree, amount or extent.  Hepple v. State, 358 A.2d 283, 286, 31 Maryland Appeals 525.
4. Prefer-

1. Ground- Importance is standard that scholars use when writing a thesis means there is negative literature
   2. Framers intent and Predictability- we have contextual evidence we are a substantial regulation, prefer to uber generic ev
   3. They mix burdens to determine substantial- no objective way to determine susbtatial
   4. Qualitative interp of substantial is better than quantitative
   5. Default to reasonability

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated policy outcomes of government implementation of the plan
a. Predictable Limits—Should which implies a question over federal action
b. Education—Energy policy matters and is key to address the energy needs of the US and the world
Wirth, Gray and Podesta 3 The Future  of Energy Policy Timothy E. Wirth, C. Boyden Gray, and John D. Podesta Timothy E. Wirth is President of the United Nations Foundation and a former U.S. Senator from Colorado. C. Boyden Gray is a partner at Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering and served as Counsel to former President George H.W. Bush. John D. Podesta is Visiting Professor of Law at Georgetown University Law Center and served as Chief of Staff to former President Bill Clinton. Volume 82 • Number 4 Foreign Affairs 2003 Council on Foreign Relations
The big questions A century ago, Lord Selborne, the first lord of the
AND
challenges and the interests that can be mobilized for the necessary political change.
c. Advocacy—Environmental philosophy must learn how to address policy issues to prevent irrelevancy
Norton 7. Bryan, Fall, Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy at Georgia Tech, Ivan Allen College School of Public Policy. “THE PAST AND FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS/PHILOSOPHY,” Ethics and the Environment 12.2, Project Muse.
About 15 years ago, at one of the first meetings of the group known
AND
done, a reason-based approach to justifying environmental goals and policies.

1. Perm do both—solves—Feminism can acknowledge the study of mainstream IR while also critiquing its gendered biases – there’s no single right way
   Tickner 97, professor of IR at USC J. Ann Tickner - Professor in the School of International Relations at University of Southern California, President of the International Studies Association, the most respected and widely known scholarly association in this field - Dec., 1997 “You Just Don't Understand: Troubled Engagements between Feminists and IR Theorists” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 4.
   Seeking greater understanding across theoretical divides, and the scientific and political cultures that sustain
   AND
   be a model for beginning more productive conversations between feminists and IR theorists?

3. The K creates a new form of otherness that turns the alt
Biehl 91 Janet Biehl, social ecologist and member of Left Green Network, 1991 "Rethinking Ecofeminist Politics"
It actually changes very little to propound certain metaphors about women—and then attempt
AND
is a very slender thread indeed," and one fraught with many problems.  

Securitizing nuclear weapons prevents their use
Rajaraman, Professor of Theoretical Physics at JNU, 2K2 (R., “Ban battlefield nuclear weapons,” The Hindu, April 22, http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/04/22/stories/2002042200431000.html)
There were a variety of different reasons behind each of these examples of abstinence from
AND
actually pressing the nuclear button even in the face of serious military crises.

Rejecting strategic predictions of threats makes them inevitable – decision makers will rely on preconceived conceptions of threat rather than the more qualified predictions of analysts
Fitzsimmons, 07  (Michael, Washington DC defense analyst, “The Problem of Uncertainty in Strategic Planning”, Survival, Winter 06-07, online)
But handling even this weaker form of uncertainty is still quite challeng-  ing.
AND
worst, such decisions may be poorly understood by the decision-makers  themselves

Feminist epistemology fails in international relations: it provides no explanatory model
Guzzini, professor and PhD in political theory at European Institute in Italy, 02
Stefano, "The Enduring Dilemmas of Realism in International Relations," March, p. 29-30 http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/gus02/gus02.pdf 

Whilst Tickner's feminism presents an interesting revisioning of international relations, it ultimately Suffers from
AND
feminist epistemology, a broader notion of national security, seems simply unnecessary. 

Ignoring The Causality Between War and Gender Makes Violence Inevitable – We Must Recognize the Social Conventions Created by Systems of War in Order to Deconstruct Gender Relations
Goldstein, Professor of IR @ American U, 01
Joshua Goldstein Professor of IR @ American U 2001 War and Gender
The persistent strength of “reverse causality” from war to gender pervades this study
AND
believe, an important step in changing both sexism and the war system.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Won’t pass- it’ll die in the House now
National Journal 2/7/2013 (Immigration Reform: House Not Leading, Senate Not Moving–Yet, http://www.nationaljournal.com/daily/immigration-reform-house-not-leading-senate-not-moving-yet-20130206)
It was the congressional version of Fight Club: a bipartisan group of lawmakers working
AND
making their members take a politically tough vote only to have reform die.

Won’t pass- GOP sees citizenship as spending and a blatant Democratic attempt to recruit immigrant voters
NYT 2/6/2013 (Immigration Reform Issue: The Effect On the Budget, lexis)
Today, the economy is not growing much. Unemployment remains stubbornly high. Yet
AND
''They will see legalization as a voter-registration drive for Democrats.''

No bill – no ev it includes amnesty or visas or whatever

1. Court decisions provide political cover.
   Gerald N. Rosenberg (prof. political science @ Univ. Chicago) 1991 Hollow Hope, p. 34-35
   Finally, court orders can simply provide a shield or cover for administrators fearful of political reaction. This is particularly helpful for elected officials who can implement required reforms and protest against them at the same time.

Courts don’t link to politics- politically insulated
Gillman 3(Howard Gillman, Prof Of Political Science And Law, University Of Southern California. Perspectives On Judicial Independence, Ohio State Law Journal 2003 64 Ohio St. L.J. 249)

As a general rule, the insulation or independence of courts is not best explained
AND
support courts when they insulate elected officials from having to make controversial decisions.

Normal means is the counterplans announced in june – avoids the disad links
Mondak 92(Jeffery J., assistant professor of political science @ the University of Pittsburgh.  “Institutional legitimacy, policy legitimacy, and the Supreme Court.”  American Politics Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 4, Lexis)

The process described by the political capital hypothesis acts as expected in the laboratory,
AND
the Court release popular edicts to offset the effects of its controversial actions?

Debt ceiling ensures no other agenda items
The Atlantic 1/11/2013 (How the Fiscal-Cliff Deal Will Define Obama's Second Term, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/how-the-fiscal-cliff-deal-will-define-obamas-second-term/267088/)
The fiscal cliff was not the end. If anything, it was the beginning
AND
Senator Chuck Hagel to head the Pentagon -- are bound to be contentious.

Won’t pass- debt battles directly spill over to immigration
The Week 1/3/2013 (Will Congress' budget battles kill immigration reform and gun control?, http://theweek.com/article/index/238367/will-congress-budget-battles-kill-immigration-reform-and-gun-control)
Congress' budget battles are only expected to get gorier over the next couple of months
AND
— with something like this, Congress just comes to a complete standstill."

No shortage of STEM people- SQ solves
Lowell 2010 (B. Lindsay, director of policy studies at the Institute for the Study of International Migration of Georgetown University. His research interests are in immigration policy, labor force, and economic development. He recently co-edited Sending Money Home: Hispanic Remittances and Community Development. He received his PhD in sociology as a demographer from Brown University, A Long View of America’s Immigration Policy and the Supply of Foreign-Born STEM Workers in the United States, American Behavioral Scientist 53(7) 1029– 1044)
This is not the place for elaborating on the hotly debated issues of the supply
AND
, given their evident ample supply, that ever more immigrants are required.

12. PC false – particularly for Obama – their ev doesn’t assume 2010 midterm and many studies
Edwards, 12 (George C., Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Texas AandM University. editor of Presidential Studies Quarterly and holds the George and Julia Blucher Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies in the Bush School, Overreach: Leadership in the Obama Presidency, p. 1-2)
In 2008, America suffered from war and economic crisis. Partisan polarization was extraordinarily
AND
change in their environments carefully and orchestrate existing and potential support skillfully.3

US-Indian relations low but will never collapse
Padukone 12 (Neil Padukone is the Felow for geopolitics at the Takshashila Institution, 6/19/2012, "Natural Allies?", pragati.nationalinterest.in/2012/06/natural-allies/)
In the late 1990s, the United States and India embarked on a partnership based
AND
balancing China, expanding trade, and stabilising South Asia- remain intact.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Non-Unique—The Courts frequently overturn themselves
Franck, 6 Matthew J. Franck, Professor, Political Science, Radford University, "Staring Down the Constitution," NATIONAL REVIEW, January 9, 2006, npg.

One answer might be that in fact they are not so chary. The Congressional
AND
lot of jolts to the legal system, some large, some small.

Supreme Court is controversial now – immigration decisions
Herting 1/17/13 (Keith, The Jurist, “Alabama Appeals Immigration Law Ruling to Supreme Court”, http://jurist.org/paperchase/2013/01/alabama-appeals-immigration-law-ruling-to-supreme-court.php) CC
JURIST Alabama Attorney General Luther Strange official website on Tuesday asked
AND
businesses that employ illegal immigrants and fine landlords who extend housing to them.

COURT CAPITAL IS NOT FINITE
CHEMERINSKY 99 , PROF OF LAW and POLI SCI @ UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 99
ERWIN, SOUTH TEXAS LAW REVIEW, FALL
Thus, influential individuals such as Justice Felix Frankfurter, Professor Alexander Bickel, and
AND
that the Court should decide cases so as to safeguard fragile public legitimacy.
Even if a ruling is unpopular, it won’t affect the court’s political capital
Grosskopf and Mondak 98 (Anke, assistant professor of political science @ Long Island University, Jeffrey, professor of political science @ Florida State.  “Do Attitudes Toward Specific Supreme Court Decisions Matter? The Impact of Webster and Texas v. Johnson on Public Confidence in the Supreme Court.” Political Research Quarterly 51 no3 633-54, Lexis )

Opinion about the Supreme Court may influence opinion about the Court's decisions, but is
AND
not reactions to decisions, act as the strongest determinants of institutional support.

Taking on controversial cases is crucial for the court to gain capital
Sager 81(Lawrence G., professor of law @ NYU.  Review of “Judicial Review and the National Political Process” by Jesse H. Choper, Constitutional Triage, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 81, No. 3, Lexis)

A second objection, to which Professor Choper has made himself more directly vulnerable,
AND
may serve over time to erode public tolerance of the Court's controversial decisions.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
4. Our model of Green capitalism solves your generic cap bad claims
Shekar, Berkeley-based feminist activist and journalist, And Nguyen, writer and activist working at the California Reinvestment Coalition ColorLines ,’8 (Preeti Mangala Shekar is a, Tram Nguyen is a, “Who Gains from the Green Economy?,” March/April 08)
In these efforts lay a hopeful vision—that the crises-ridden worlds of
AND
benefits, as well as a potential career path in a growing industry.
5. Try or die for Green capitalism to solve past capitalist destruction of the environment  
Alan Atkisson , ‘1 (senior strategic consultant at ISIS Academy , President of The AtKisson Group, an international sustainability consultancy to business and government , “Sustainability is Dead— Long Live Sustainability” , Chelsea Green Publishing Company , P.11-16)
In fact, to achieve a genuine transformation, we must accelerate and redirect our
AND
or even whether the concept of “purpose” is a meaningful one.

Elimination of capitalism takes away the drive for the singularity- its founded in competition
Kurzweil, Received Thirteen honorary Doctorates in science, engineering, music and humane letters from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Hofstra University and other leading colleges and universities. He has received the Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machine, Futurist Philosopher, BS in Computer Science from MIT , has been called the successor and "rightful heir to Thomas Edison", Bill Gates claims Raymond is the best at predicting scientific advancement, ‘1 (Raymond, “The Law of Accelerating Returns”, KurzweilAI.net)
But I regard the freeing of the human mind from its severe physical limitations of
AND
to repeal capitalism and every visage of economic competition to stop this progression.

1. 1. And, that solves cap bad- it eliminates the market and class systems
      Khurram, Blog, 11-30- ‘9 (“Will singularity make capitalism and marxism irrelevant”, Irregulous)
      So what about the changes in the future? One venture called the Venus Project
      AND
      in their temples while another class will proceed ahead at almost light speed.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AC
The status quo prevents regional and state level feed in tariffs from being effective- the Federal Energy Regulatory Committees recent ruling mandates electricity produced be purchased at an “avoided cost” making solar impossible
D.A. Barber, 12 (regular correspondent for two Southern Arizona business publications and spent five years writing for the University of Arizona’s Report on Research. “U.S. Feed-in Tariffs will Increase PV Demand”, Energy Trend)
While FIT programs are far and few between in the United States, the city
AND
and states that have the greatest rooftop PV marketing potential for module companies.

Federal pre-emption KILLS FiT programs in the squo – EVEN in situations where states have authority – federal legislation is key to stimulate innovation
Dorsi 12 –Fellow, Phillips and Cohen LLP; J.D. Harvard Law School
(Michael, “Clean Energy Pricing and Federalism:  Legal Obstacles and Options for Feed-in Tariffs”. http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/35/2/dorsi.pdf)
V. CONCLUSION States have often been laboratories of democracy, yet in many areas
AND
it may be the best way to forward an American renewable energy policy.
Absent regulatory reform state RPS and Feed in Tariffs are doomed
Felix Mormann, ’11 (Fellow, Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, Stanford Law School “Requirements for a Renewables Revolution”, 38 Ecology L.Q. 903)
Finally, in the absence of a strong, long-term federal commitment to
AND
Utilities Commission decision into a Pyrrhic victory for state-level deployment policies.
Effective Feed in Tariffs are the only way to make solar power scalable, creates a strong manufacturing base and market competition
Melanie Hart and Kate Gordon 12, (Policy Analyst on China Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress , “5 Myths and Realities About U.S.-China Solar Trade Competition”, Center for American Progress)
Innovation and demand-side policy, not cheap imports, are the real keys
AND
. That is the real key to U.S. market success.
The plan: United States Federal Government ought to give sanction to states setting rates above the avoided cost for the production of solar power.
Advantage 1 is Warming
FERC restrictions prevent effective Feed in tariffs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
DAVID YAFFE, ’10 (The Electricity Journal, “Are State Renewable Feed-In-Tariff Initiatives Truly Throttled by Federal Statutes After the FERC California Decision?”)
For the last few years, several local and state governments, reflecting local policies
AND
” rate when such a premium is needed to facilitate dispersed renewable development.
Effective feed in tariffs cause solar revolution
JENNIFER KHO, ‘9 (“Is a Feed-In Tariff a good FIT for the U.S.?”, Editor for Clean Technica)
But so far, there’s no question that a German-style feed-in
AND
so far, we’ve found it’s not growing as fast as it should.”
Studies go aff- The plan DIRECTLY makes solar cost completive with natural gas, causing solar to satisfy nearly all of US electricity needs
Ken Willis, 12 (Emeritus Professor of Environmental Economics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK  “Solar Energy Is Ready. The U.S. Isn't”, Bloomberg News)
Worldwide, the picture is even more positive. Australia projects that 10 percent of
AND
which would make homegrown solar competitive with commercial power rates in many states.
Electricity sector is A key polluter
Mormann 11 (Felix, German JD and JSD from University of Passau School of law, as well as an LMM from UC BerkeleySchool of Law and is a research Fellow at Stanford’s Steyer Center for Energy Policy and Finance, writing for Economic Law Quarterly, "Requirements for a Renewables Revolution." 05/02/11. http://www.boalt.org/elq/documents/elq38_4_03_2012_0808.pdf)
Renewable sources of energy are relevant not only to electricity generation but also to other
AND
this Article focuses on the use of renewables for the generation of electricity.
US Shift to Renewables Gives Credibility to Our Push to Reduce Other Short Term Pollutants to Solve Warming in the Short Term
Steve Seidel is Senior Advisor at C2ES 02/17/2012 http://www.c2es.org/blog/seidels/how-us-can-lead-short-lived-climate-pollutants HOW U.S. CAN LEAD ON SHORT-LIVED CLIMATE POLLUTANTS
With Secretary Clinton’s announcement this week of a new coalition aimed at short-lived
AND
the ensuing human and economic losses, these are investments well worth making.
Environmental Leadership is Key to Shaping the Durban Platform
by Elliot Diringer Executive Vice President at C2ES 05/18/2012 Climate Negotiators Open A New Round  http://www.c2es.org/blog/diringere/climate-negotiators-open-new-round-bonn
A new round of climate talks opened this week in Bonn, Germany, with
AND
the talks along, the real work right now is back at home.
Leadership Now is Key to Give Durban Teeth and solve the worst impacts of global warming
Jan W. Dash, UU-UNO Climate Initiative Chair Dec 12, 2011 “The Durban Platform and what we should do about it” http://www.uu-uno.org/2011/12/the-durban-platform-and-what-we-should-do-about-it/
The Durban Climate Conference (COP17), deadlocked, ran overtime with contentious debate.
AND
race depends on what we do right now.¶ Let’s get to work.

Taking Concrete Policy Steps Towards Addressing Climate Change is Key to Flip International Perceptions
By BRYAN WALSH Tuesday, Oct. 04, 2011 Who's Bankrolling the Climate-Change Deniers? http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2096055,00.html
Not too long ago, belief in climate science wasn't a political issue. Honestly
AND
Reality project, which was broadcast around the world on Sept. 14.
Extinction and try or die flips AFF
Sawin Senior Director of the Energy and Climate Change Program at the WorldWatch Institute Aug. ’12 (Janet, “Climate Change Poses Greater Security Threat than Terrorism,” http://www.worldwatch.org/node/77, Mike)
As early as 1988, scientists cautioned that human tinkering with the Earth's climate amounted
AND
carbon, with meaningful long-term targets that incorporate gradually declining caps.
Warming is real and anthropogenic—skeptics are super silly
Prothero 12 (Donald Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College, Lecturer in Geobiology at CalTech, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," 3/1/12, EBSCO)
How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There
AND
no interest in debating it since the evidence is so clear-cut.
Advantage 2 is Competitiveness
Failure to stimulate demand for solar panels makes collapse of the domestic solar industry inevitable  
NYT 2012 May 17, 2012 “Topics: Solar Energy”
But BrightSource is also emblematic of the dark clouds that have settled over the solar
AND
lesson in what others call the futility of federal meddling in the marketplace.
That crowds the US out of the photovoltaic market
Damien LaVera, 6-28- ’12 (Deputy Director, Office of Public Affairs @ DOE, “Solar Manufacturing: To Compete or Not To Compete”, Energy.gov)
Last year, the global market for clean, renewable energies reached a record $
AND
we continue to support and build a thriving solar industry here at home. 

Chinas solar industry melt down creates a unique time for US manufacturers to become exporters
Scott Shackford, 8-10- ’12 (An Associate Editor of 24/7 News at Reason.com. ,“China Is Winning the Race to Lose Billions on Solar Power”, Reason.com)
China’s top ten photovoltaic makers have accumulated a combined debt of 17.5 billion
AND
Americans begging them to stop it? (Ha ha, fat chance)
That Creates Space for the US to Maintain an Edge in the Global Market – Continued Support is Key
Alex Rau, 3- ’12 (founder and the director of Climate Wedge, an investment firm focused on clean-energy technologies, carbon finance, and environmental commodities. “Is America Losing Its Edge in Clean-Energy Tech?”, Harvard Business Review)
Amid all the concern over America's competitiveness, it's easy to overlook a sector where
AND
solar power, and the lack of carbon constraints in our energy policy:
The plan is key to reignite global manufacturing – it prevents Chinese monopoly on the market
Hart Policy Analyst on China Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress and Gordon Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress 5-6-12 (Melanie and Kate, “5 Myths and Realities About U.S.-China Solar Trade Competition,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/05/16/11592/5-myths-and-realities-about-u-s-china-solar-trade-competition/, Mike)
Myth ¶ Trade enforcement is a losing proposition because imposing tariffs will slow solar industry
AND
. That is the real key to U.S. market success.
Solar manufacturing is key to U.S. tech competitiveness and the economy
Hart Policy Analyst on China Energy and Climate Policy at the Center for American Progress and Gordon Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress 5-6-12 (Melanie and Kate, “5 Myths and Realities About U.S.-China Solar Trade Competition,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/05/16/11592/5-myths-and-realities-about-u-s-china-solar-trade-competition/, Mike)
Myth ¶ U.S. manufacturers should accept that they cannot compete with China
AND
growth—manufacturing companies contribute 70 percent of private RandD spending.
Absent the Plan US Solar Will Be Squeezed Out of the Market
Kexin Liu, ‘11 (Research Associate, Clean Air Task Force, “Brief on major China energy related trends/issues in the 4th Quarter of 2011”)
CASM’s statistics show that a trade surplus of US solar trade with China of $
AND
of being squeezed out of the marketplace if this trend continues.4
Competitiveness decline tanks U.S. hegemony – tech manufacturing is especially key
Segal 4 (Adam, Senior Fellow in China Studies at the C.F.R. “Is America Losing Its Edge?” http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/america-losing-its-edge)
The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new
AND
, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home.
Heg solves multiple conflict scenarios
Kagan 12 (3/14, Robert, senior fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings, “America has made the world freer, safer and wealthier”, http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/14/opinion/kagan-world-america-made/index.html?iref=allsearch)
(CNN) -- We take a lot for granted about the way the world
AND
what the world looked like right before the American order came into being.