Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
UMKC JW NEG VS BAYLOR HK
*1NC ------
Interpretation: Financial incentives limited to tax credits, insurance, and loan programs
Joskow, Paul L. in 2006, The future of nuclear power in the United States : economic and regulatory challenges, MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, working papers, http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/45065
I think that it is fair to say that prior to the passage of the
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special subsidies. It is a "learning by doing" type of justification
Violation – Procurement and management of government energy is specifically excluded from incentives
CCES 9 Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (also called c2es) "Buildings and Emissions: Making the Connection" No specific date dated, most recent citation from 2009 www.c2es.org/technology/overview/buildings
Policy Options to Promote Climate-Friendly Buildings
The mosaic of current policies affecting the building sector is complex and dynamic involving voluntary
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development of energy efficient buildings through software and computer-based building analysis.
C. Reasons to vote negative –
- ground – allowing procurement of the means of production of energy eviscerates the mechanism of the topic – the topic is about the mechanism of markets – they do not have to debate the effectiveness of the incentive to create a market because they simply mandate it
EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ‘92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf)
In some sense, most Federal policies have the potential to affect energy markets.
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through financial incentives, regulation, public enterprise, or research and development.
2. Bidirectionality – procurement of the means of production would allow the USFG to buy up private fossil fuel rights or even buy up existing nuclear power plants – the result could be a decrease in the plan-specific energy production
2
Supply of REEs is stable but limited, increased demand causes shortages
Bloomberg 12 Jim Snyder writer for Bloomberg, January 5, 2012, Five Rare Earths Crucial for Clean Energy Seen In Short Supply, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-05/five-rare-earths-crucial-for-clean-energy-seen-in-short-supply.html; AMDG
Falling Prices While prices of rare earths fell in the second half of 2011,
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position across the supply chain requires a capable workforce,” the report said.
AND, Nuclear energy takes key metals from the semi conductor industry
Derek Abbott September/October 2012 vol. 68 no. 5 23-32 professor in the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Adelaide in Australia. A physicist and electronic engineer, he is an expert on complex systems and multidisciplinary applications of engineering and physics, and has recently become active in researching the scientific and technological challenges of meeting the world’s energy demands. Sage - Limits to growth: Can nuclear power supply the world’s needs?
Because the metal walls of a nuclear vessel become radioactive (Ishikawa et al.,
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needed, and the small yields in comparison with the large throughput required.
Increased cost kills semiconductor industry – key to manufacturing jobs, economic growth, and national security leadership
SIA in 12 (Semi-Conductor Industry Association, Testimony for the Record Of the Semiconductor Industry Association Hearing on “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” (Hearing held on July 10, 2012 http://www.sia-online.org/clientuploads/directory/DocumentSIA/Helium%20testimony%20120801%20(2).pdf)
Without access to the Federal Helium Reserve, disruptions in the supply of helium and
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3 percent of the overall economy, drive 25 percent of economic growth.
Economic decline triggers war – studies prove.
Royal 2010 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense), “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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not featured prominently in the economic-security debate and deserves more attention.
3
Emerging economies make renewables in the status quo competitive
(Recheis 12)
Recheis 2012, 08 jun, Denise, “New IRENA study proves renewable competitiveness,” http://blog.reegle.info/blog/new-irena-study-proves-renewable-competitiveness.htm
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) released a new analysis that shows that renewable
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wind, solar, biomass and retrofitting creates between 13 and 17 jobs.
AND, Nuclear trades off – directly takes funds from renewable energy -
(CCN 08)
Carbon Control News, July 7, 2008, “Activists make new economic case against nuclear's climate benefits”, lexis, accessed October 14, 2012.
A number of new reports have emerged arguing that investments in nuclear power could contribute
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as defibrillating a corpse: it will jump, but it won't revive."
AND, U.S. Renewables are key to Chinese renewable sector – exports
(Sawhney and Kahn 12)
Aparna Sawhney, Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi , Matthew E. Kahn, UCLA and NBER. Institute of the Environment, “Understanding cross-national trends in high-tech renewable power equipment exports to the United States” Energy Policy Volume 46, July 2012, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512002716, accessed October 18, 2012.
The import of core-high tech wind and solar power generation equipment has grown
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and its role in the growth of trade in the renewable energy industry.
AND, Chinese Renewable energy is key to sustainable economic growth
(Yuanyuan 12)
Liu Yuanyuan, staff writer, “China Set to Vigorously Develop Green Economy” Renewable Energy World, February 1, 2012, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/02/china-set-to-vigorously-develop-green-economy, accessed August 3, 2012.
Due to growing urbanization and resulting environmental threats, China has invested nearly US$
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established funds to support the development of the low carbon sector in China.
AND, Economic Collapse kills the CCP - causes nuclear lash out
(Yee and Storey 02)
(Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002 (The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality, RoutledgeCurzon, pg 5)
The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of
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disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
4
FIRST THE LINK - “greening” capitalism fails to address the fundamental historical reality of ecological destruction – a system of production that primarily values profit and private property is structured to sacrifice environmental sustainability wherever it prevents economic growth Foster, 2k11
John Bellamy, Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Capitalism and the Accumulation of Catastrophe, Monthly Review, December 2011
In the twenty-first century it is customary to view the rise of planetary
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the twenty-first century. “Well grubbed, old mole!”36
SECOND THE IMPACT - The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale. Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system
Zizek and Daly 4
(Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gord¬ian knot of postmodern protocol
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the abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.
THE ALTERNATIVE is to reject the affirmative in favor of a historical materialist methodology that challenges capitalism - That provides the methodology needed for a deeper social and political understanding of life – This education is vital to creating the change necessary to stop capitalism
McNight 10
Andrew N. McNight in 2010 University of Alabama at Birmingham, A Pragmatic and pedagogically Minded Revaluation of Historical Materialism, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, vol.8. no.2, http://www.jceps.com/PDFs/08-2-04.pdf
Toward a reconstruction of historical materialism, Habermas (1979) adopts many tenets of
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, is related to the quality and quantity of direct systemic social change.
Solvency
Framing question on solvency – prototypes don’t mean designs can be built en masse – Department of Energy says a decade more for commercialization
(Anderson 10)
Kate Anderson, Senior Engineer – Integrated Applications Office, NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy , “SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS” NREL, February 1, 2010, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=23andved=0CDcQFjACOBQandurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsmr.inl.gov%2FDocument.ashx%3Fpath%3DDOCS%252FReading%2BRoom%252Fgeneral%252FNuclear%2BWhite%2BPaper%2Bby%2BNREL%2B020110.pdfandei=W1liULP2EcyPyAGcjIGIDQandusg=AFQjCNExkaTIXfCH8Jv29-r8JKJYurwvrAandsig2=0bOv5FRC9GPUQR0Eerx0lw, accessed September 25, 2012.
Despite these benefits, small reactors have many challenges to overcome. A few designs
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4-5 years to conduct the licensing review for new technologies.14
Multiple bottlenecks to production – containment vessels, materials and labor
(Kilaru et al 10)
Bharat Kilaru, Matej Mavricek, Yvonne Szeto, Mounica Yanamandala, Univeristy of Chicago Researchers “ Increasing Nuclear Power Use in the United States” December 6, 2010 http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team5-1210.pdf, accessed September 6, 2012.
One of the major bottlenecks of ramping up nuclear power is production of the singlepiece
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aggressive nuclear power programs, including the UK, France, or China.
Islanding
Sandy disproves the internal link
(Neuman 10/31)
SCOTT NEUMAN, staffwriter, “Superstorm Shines A Light On Power Grid Vulnerabilities” NPR, October 30, 2011, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/10/30/163970272/superstorm-shines-a-light-on-power-grid-vulnerabilities, accessed October 31, 2012.
The storm that has spawned so many worst-ever superlatives managed a few more
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to the infrastructure, that's always going to require crews on the ground."
Internal link doesn’t make sense – terrorist don’t need to take down the grid to launch a bio-terror attack
No risk of cyber-terrorism
(Nye 11)
Joseph Nye (professor of international relations at Harvard), The Future of Power, 2011, pg. 137-138
Terrorist groups make active use of cybertools, as we saw earlier, though cyberterrorism
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words, “When terrorist groups have the sophistication, they’ll use it.”
No impact to cyberattacks - numerous mitigating factors
(Walsh 11)
Ryan Walsh (works for Office of Global Security at Goldman Sachs, has worked with Office of Counterterrorism, NY State Department of Homeland Security, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, Full Court Peace, and Good Harbor Consulting), Perspectives On Global Issues, February 15, 2011, “Cyberterrorism Trend Analysis”, accessed September 6, 2011, http://www.perspectivesonglobalissues.com/current/cyberterrorism-trend-analysis/
Experts estimate that hackers may number 19 million worldwide, who are responsible for tens
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there is no inherent need for terrorists to innovate (See Appendix C).
No bioterrorism - it's exaggerated
(Arms Control Center 10)
Arms Control Center (Scientists Working Group on Biological and Chemical Weapons, report in response to the Graham-Talent Commission report on the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism, Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation), January 26, 2010, “Biological threats: a matter of balance”, accessed June 7, 2012, http://armscontrolcenter.org/policy/biochem/articles/biological_threats_a_matter_of_balance/
The bioterrorist threat has been greatly exaggerated. New bioweapons assessments are needed that take
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of disease spread, which skewed the outcomes towards inflated and unlikely results.
Nuke Leadership
Nuke Leadership now – The United States is the “Gold Standard” for nuclear energy
(Domenici and Miller, BPI report, September 2012)
Pete V. Domenici, Former U.S. Senator and Bipartisan Policy Center Senior Fellow and Dr. Warren F. “Pete” Miller, Former Department of Energy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets” Bipartisan Policy Institute, September 2012, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Nuclear%20Report.PDF, accessed September 29, 2012.
Nuclear power already plays an important role in the U.S. energy supply
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deal of influence over the nonproliferation aspects of international fuel-cycle issues.
China steals our military tech – Private companies are targeted
(Scissors and Bucci 10/23)
Derek Scissors, PhD, is Senior Research Fellow in Asia Economic Policy in the Asian Studies Center at The Heritage Foundation. Steven Bucci, PhD, is Senior Research Fellow in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, at The Heritage Foundation. “China Cyber Threat: Huawei and American Policy Toward Chinese Companies” The Heritage Foundation, October 23, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/10/china-cyber-threat-huawei-and-american-policy-toward-chinese-companies, accessed October 25, 2012.
China Cyber Threat It is not surprising that Chinese intelligence and military services are trying
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and competitiveness of Chinese telecom companies such as Huawei and ZTE.5
Especially true with Nuclear systems – high profile tech will be stolen
(Sinha 12)
Sharad Sinha, Ph.D. candidate in the School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Prior to Ph.D., he worked in an embedded system design house for two years in Bangalore, India. While his PhD research is focused on high-level synthesis and reconfigurable computing, he also maintains an active personal research interest in designing secure and reliable embedded systems. He is a Gradute Student Member of IEEE. “UNDERSTANDING INDUSTRIAL ESPIONAGE FOR GREATER TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY” IEEE, MAY/JUNE 2012, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=andarnumber=6193307andtag=1, accessed October 25, 2012.
Target information It is estimated that 70% of a company’s assets lie in trade
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increase in revenue once they have developed or acquired access to such technologies.
*2NC -----
T_-----
4. Webb concludes that we should EXCLUDE programs that only have the secondary benefit of being an incentive for energy production: - THIS IS THEIR EVIDNECE
By limiting the definition of financial incentives to initiatives where public funds are either disbursed
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In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives.
The Law Reform Commission of Canada has in earlier studies defined accountability of administrative agencies as:
• ...having to answer for the exercise of what is essentially governmental authority to affect public and private interests. The rule of law demands that governmental authority not be exercised arbitrarily, and that agencies account, sometimes within a political framework, sometimes within a legal one, and often within both, for the decisions they make and for the policies they pursue as decision makers.25
The affirmative massively increases ground
a. allowing anything that is related to creating a market makes command and control regulations topical – which massively increases affirmative ground including RPS, Cap and Trade, etc. and is explicitly anti-topical – allowing the aff to both increase and decrease restrictions on each energy or another energy
b. You should exclude affs for which the main purpose is to support a non-energy objective like defense objectives –
Support for both of these claims:
EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ‘92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf)
The issue of subsidy in energy policy analysis extends beyond consideration of actions involving some
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have been excluded by definition, since this report is about Federal subsidies.
C. Quality – their interpretation makes debate a question of a specific energy is good/bad – forecloses any debate about mechanisms - Critical component of financial incentives is the market response to them – this distinguishes them from non-market based approaches – this is why the affirmative crushes the core of the topic debate
(Hogg and Sherrington 11)
Dr Dominic Hogg Dr Chris Sherrington Thomas Vergunst 8 November 2011 A Comparative Study on Economic Instruments Promoting Waste Prevention Final Report to Bruxelles Environnement http://www.acrplus.org/upload/documents/webpage/Conferences/Economic%20Insteruments%20Nov%2022/Eunomia_comparative-study-economic-instruments-waste-prevention.pdf
The fact that some actors may choose not to respond to financial incentives is a
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remains to highlight the broad advantages and disadvantages of environmental taxes and charges.
SOLVENCY -----
a. NEI
(Nuclear Energy Institute 12)
NEI, the people who advocate SMRs, January 2012, PDF @ http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=2andved=0CCkQFjABandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nei.org%2Ffilefolder%2FSTATUS_REPORT_-_Status__Outlook_for_Nuclear_Energy_in_the_US_1.pdfandei=YZheUJytDOffyQHPsIH4Cwandusg=AFQjCNGDl8uEIJz2NJvuZazKnKe5HXFGhwandsig2=dMJ10X9EaK_WEiSUA4J38w, accessed September 23, 2012.
Small reactors—those that produce 300 megawatts or less—are gaining in-
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Regulatory Commission. Initial commercial deployment is not expected until 2020 or later.
b. DoC
(U.S. Department of Commerce 11)
U.S. Department of Commerce, “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors” February 2011, http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf, September 26, 2012.
Although SMRs have significant potential and the market for their deployment is growing, their
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in 1994, plans to submit its PRISM design for certification in 2012.
c. U-Chicago
(Rosner et al 11)
Robert Rosner, Stephen Goldberg, and Joseph Hezir, Researchers at University of Chicago, “ SMALL MODULAR REACTORS –KEY TO FUTURE NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION IN THE U.S.” Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, November 2011, https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdf, accessed September 26, 2012.
SMR design, licensing, and detailed engineering activities are in an early stage.
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for an nth-of-a-kind (NOAK) economy.
AND, even if they win the design battle – it takes three years to build a single reactor – can’t scale up to meet every military base
(IAEA 11)
International Atomic Energy Association, April 4, 2011, “Status report 75 - Advanced Passive pressurized water reactor (AP-600)” http://aris.iaea.org/ARIS/download.cgi?requested_doc=reportanddoc_id=75andtype_of_output=pdf, accessed September 28, 2012.
The AP-600 has been designed to make use of modern modular construction techniques
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through 4D (3D models plus time) reviews of the construction sequence.
AND, new reactors exacerbate this problem – not solve – remaining workers only know how to build 70s style reactors – means the new reacrtor the plan makes can’t be operated even with the current workforce
(Kilaru et al 10)
Bharat Kilaru, Matej Mavricek, Yvonne Szeto, Mounica Yanamandala, Univeristy of Chicago Researchers “ Increasing Nuclear Power Use in the United States” December 6, 2010 http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team5-1210.pdf, accessed September 6, 2012.
Obvious demand side bottlenecks include lack of capital due to shrunk capital markets, lack
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, this situation remains one of the greatest risks to the nuclear renaissance51.
AND, Using the DoD only makes this problem worse – it limits who can work on the reactors and the DoD doesn’t have enough
(King et al 11)
Marcus King, LaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, researches for CNA analysis and solutions, “ Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations” CNA analysis and solutions, March, 2011, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdfandAD=ADA550479, accessed September 22, 2012.
A significant liability to DoD ownership and operation is having full responsibility for all risks
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depend on the type of nuclear power plant built on a DoD installation.
b. Construction – both the 1NC Anderson and 1NC Kilaru pieces of evidence indicate the US doesn’t have the capacity to build the plants even if it was feasible – they can’t be scaled up because domestic policies which the aff doesn’t change limit ability of plants to produce – the aff falls in line with limiting polices by ignoring supplies and helping buyers – agreements also prevent US leadership - here’s more evidence –
(U.S. Department of Commerce 11)
U.S. Department of Commerce, “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors” February 2011, http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf, September 26, 2012.
There are also domestic policies that hinder U.S. SMR competitiveness, with
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members for the Office of New Reactors, which was established in 2006.
*1NR ----
Bio-terror doesn't cause extinction even with attack
(Posner 05)
Richard Posner (Judge, 7th Circuit Court of Appeals), Catastrophe: Risk and Response, 2005, pg. 22-24, accessed June 5, 2010, http://books.google.com/books?id=SDe59lXSrY8Canddq=%22AIDS+illustrates+the+further+point+that%22andsource=gbs_navlinks_s
AIDS illustrates the further point that despite the progress made by modern medicine in the
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to localize an infectious disease. The reason is improvements in medical science.
No threat of nuclear retaliation – nukes are solely for core deterrence.
(Kimball 09)
Daryl. President of the ACA. Change U.S. Nuclear Policy? Yes, We Can. September 2009. http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_09/focus.
Given the United States’ conventional military edge, no plausible circumstance requires or could justify
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from using them to attack or coerce the United States or its allies.”
Al Quada is dead – only focus on local objectives - not the US
(Worth 10/27)
Robert F. Worth, staffwriter, “Al Qaeda-Inspired Groups, Minus Goal of Striking U.S.” New York Times, October 27th, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/28/world/middleeast/al-qaeda-inspired-groups-minus-goal-of-striking-us.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, accessed November 9, 2012.
The candidates offered profoundly different answers during their final debate last week, with President
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is largely sectarian; Boko Haram has struck mostly at Christians and burned churches
Tradeoff
Uq-
Emerging economies are making renewable sources competitive by being a low cost manufacturer – this decreased PV costs by 60 percent and made wind already competitive – that’s the Recheis evidence – the filter for this debate should be international and not domestic production – the DA is solely a question of how markets like China are able to penetrate the US energy sector
Here is more evidence – DEPLOYMENT is happening now -
(Cuttino 12)
Cuttino 2012 May 16, Phyllis, director of Pew's Clean Energy Program, “A Bright Future for Renewable Energy,” PEW Clean Energy Program, online
The current market for the renewable energy sector in the United States and around the
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competitive clean energy technologies for Americans to use and export around the world.
Investment now – subsidies mean RE’s can’t compete
(Nash 12)
Nash 2012, Tim Jack, Sustainability Research Coordinator, Ethical Markets Media; and President, Strategic Sustainable Investments | 25 July
“Green Economy Growing – Spurred by Investors, Not Subsidies,” Global Subsidies Initiative, online
The Green Transition Scoreboard® is an ongoing research project by Ethical Markets Media to
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quickly it would flourish if governments simply let it compete on equal ground.
SECOND – THE VISIBLE HAND - Plan moves the market towards nuclear energy – investors would move behind the government excluding RE’s
(Sokolski 12)
Henery Sokolski, Editor, “Pure Risk: Federal Clean Energy Loan Guarantees” Nonporliferation Policy Education Center, March 2012, http://npolicy.org/userfiles/file/ure%20Risk-Federal%20Clean%20Energy%20Loan%20Guarantees.pdf#page=10, accessed October 18, 2012.
There are four reasons not to increase federal clean energy loan guarantees. First,
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is an argument the U.S. can make without appearing hypocritical.
Impacts-
The story of the DA is simple – The status quo is switching to renewable energy – that benefits China’s economy by providing a market in the US – plan closes that market to China ushering in economic instability collapsing the CPP – that outweighs the aff –
a. Probability – only scenario for conflict
(Shirk 07)
Susan L. Shirk 7 Susan Shirk is director of the University of California system-wide Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation and Ho Miu Lam professor of China and Pacific Relations at IR/PS. former deputy assistant secretary of state responsible for China China: Fragile Superpower 2007
WHEN PRESIDENT HU JINTAO met with President George Bush in fall 2005, he sought
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into their policies can Chinese and American decision makers avoid a catastrophic war.
b. inclusivity – size of its economy draws in every power
(Hunkovic 9)
Lee J Hunkovic, Professor at the American Military University, 2009, “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America”, http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/Hunkovic.pdf, accessed October 14, 2011,
A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate
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outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study.
Collapse prevents nuclear talks with Iran – no moderator
(Perkinson 12)
Jessica Perkinson, Masters Student in International Relations at American University, “The Potential for Instability in the PRC: How the Doomsday Theory Misses the Mark” American University, April 19, 2012, http://aladinrc.wrlc.org/bitstream/handle/1961/10330/Perkinson_american_0008N_10238display.pdf?sequence=1, accessed August 7, 2012.
Another area of grave concern for the United States is the denuclearization of states hostile
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increased cooperation on these issues could help to ease the tension in Iran.
Domestic problems in China trump everything – stable China will be benign and complements US leadership
Susan L. Shirk 7 Susan Shirk is director of the University of California system-wide Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation and Ho Miu Lam professor of China and Pacific Relations at IR/PS. former deputy assistant secretary of state responsible for China China: Fragile Superpower 2007
Our best hope is that as China’s leaders address their domestic problems, they will
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appreciate China’s fragility and the maturity not to try to go it alone.
