Tournament: UCO | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
1NC
T
Interpretation
Financial incentives must be targeted at energy generation
O’Brien, Minister of State, Department for Energy and Climate Change, UK Parliament, 11/18/’8
(Mike, “Clause 20 — Terms and conditions,” http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3)
I have quite a lot still … a real feed-in tariff scheme.
Violation
Procurement isn’t T—-they must distribute funds to the private sector ====
CCES 9 Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (also called c2es) "Buildings and Emissions: Making the Connection" No specific date dated, most recent citation from 2009 www.c2es.org/technology/overview/buildings
Policy Options to Promote Climate-Friendly Buildings
The mosaic of current policies … and computer-based building analysis.
Vote Neg—tons of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy tech in ways that could increase production—only direct financial disbursements for increased production create a predictable and manageable topic
EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ‘92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf)
In some sense, most Federal … enterprise, or research and development.
RE
Emerging economies make renewables … in the status quo competitive
(Recheis 12)
Recheis 2012, 08 jun, Denise, “New IRENA study proves renewable competitiveness,” http://blog.reegle.info/blog/new-irena-study-proves-renewable-competitiveness.htm
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) … retrofitting creates between 13 and 17 jobs.
AND, Nuclear trades off – directly takes funds from renewable energy -
(CCN 08)
Carbon Control News, July 7, 2008, “Activists make new economic case against nuclear's climate benefits”, lexis, accessed October 14, 2012.
A number of new reports … jump, but it won't revive."
AND, US Renewables are key to Chinese renewable sector – exports
(Sawhney and Kahn 12)
Aparna Sawhney, Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi , Matthew E. Kahn, UCLA and NBER. Institute of the Environment, “Understanding cross-national trends in high-tech renewable power equipment exports to the United States” Energy Policy Volume 46, July 2012, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512002716, accessed October 18, 2012.
The import of core-high … in the renewable energy industry.
AND, Chinese Renewable energy is … key to sustainable economic growth
(Yuanyuan 12)
Liu Yuanyuan, staff writer, “China Set to Vigorously Develop Green Economy” Renewable Energy World, February 1, 2012, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/02/china-set-to-vigorously-develop-green-economy, accessed August 3, 2012.
Due to growing urbanization and … low carbon sector in China.
AND, Economic Collapse kills the CCP - causes nuclear lash out
(Yee and Storey 02)
(Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002 (The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality, RoutledgeCurzon, pg 5)
The fourth factor contributing to … its neighbours and the world.
REM
Supply is stable but limited, increased demand causes shortages
Bloomberg 12 Jim Snyder writer for Bloomberg, January 5, 2012, Five Rare Earths Crucial for Clean Energy Seen In Short Supply, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-05/five-rare-earths-crucial-for-clean-energy-seen-in-short-supply.html; AMDG
Falling Prices While prices of … a capable workforce,” the report said.
Use of Exotic metals put a hard cap on quantity of nuclear power and create price and supply volatility
Derek Abbott September/October 2012 vol. 68 no. 5 23-32 professor in the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Adelaide in Australia. A physicist and electronic engineer, he is an expert on complex systems and multidisciplinary applications of engineering and physics, and has recently become active in researching the scientific and technological challenges of meeting the world’s energy demands. Sage - Limits to growth: Can nuclear power supply the world’s needs?
One important question has been … up with the construction demand
Rare earths key to semi- conductor industry
Derek Abbott September/October 2012 vol. 68 no. 5 23-32 professor in the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Adelaide in Australia. A physicist and electronic engineer, he is an expert on complex systems and multidisciplinary applications of engineering and physics, and has recently become active in researching the scientific and technological challenges of meeting the world’s energy demands. Sage - Limits to growth: Can nuclear power supply the world’s needs?
Because the metal walls of a … with the large throughput required.
Increased cost kills semiconductor industry – key to manufacturing jobs, economic growth, and national security leadership
SIA in 12 (Semi-Conductor Industry Association, Testimony for the Record Of the Semiconductor Industry Association Hearing on “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” (Hearing held on July 10, 2012 http://www.sia-online.org/clientuploads/directory/DocumentSIA/Helium%20testimony%20120801%20(2).pdf)
Without access to the Federal … , drive 25 percent of economic growth.
Economic decline triggers war – studies prove.
Royal 2010 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense), “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods … debate and deserves more attention.
Accidents
SMRs collapse IAEA efficacy—impact is accidents
Edwin Lyman, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, Global … _power/lyman-appropriations-subcom-7-14-11.pdf
Fukushima also demonstrated how rapidly a … any relief in this regard.
Extinction
Stephen Lendman, The Peoples Voice, 3/12/11, … /Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan
Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake … weapons and commercial dependency exist.
1NC – SMR Solvency
Not inevitable – Market forces and Fukushima
(Davis 11)
Lucas W. Davis is Assistant Professor at the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, “Prospects for U.S. Nuclear Power After Fukushima” Energy Institute at Haas, August, 2011, https://ei.haas.berkeley.edu/pdf/working_papers/WP218.pdf, accessed September 6, 2012.
In March 2011 an earthquake and … costs to decrease over time.
Framing question on solvency – prototypes don’t mean designs can be built en masse – Department of Energy says a decade more for commercialization
(Anderson 10)
Kate Anderson, Senior Engineer – Integrated Applications Office, NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy , “SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS” NREL, February 1, 2010, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=23andved=0CDcQFjACOBQandurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsmr.inl.gov%2FDocument.ashx%3Fpath%3DDOCS%252FReading%2BRoom%252Fgeneral%252FNuclear%2BWhite%2BPaper%2Bby%2BNREL%2B020110.pdfandei=W1liULP2EcyPyAGcjIGIDQandusg=AFQjCNExkaTIXfCH8Jv29-r8JKJYurwvrAandsig2=0bOv5FRC9GPUQR0Eerx0lw, accessed September 25, 2012.
Despite these benefits, small reactors … licensing review for new technologies.14
Multiple bottlenecks to production – containment vessels, materials and labor
(Kilaru et al 10)
Bharat Kilaru, Matej Mavricek, Yvonne Szeto, Mounica Yanamandala, Univeristy of Chicago Researchers “ Increasing Nuclear Power Use in the United States” December 6, 2010 http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team5-1210.pdf, accessed September 6, 2012.
One of the major bottlenecks … , including the UK, France, or China.
DOD can’t drive investments – misaligned consumption patterns and constraints
Dimotakis 06 (Paul Dimotakis, Professor of Aeronautics and Professor of Applied Physics, Ph.D., Applied Physics – California Institute of Technology, ASCIT teaching award, The MITRE Corporation, December 09, 2006, Reducing DoD Fossil-Fuel Dependence, http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/fossil.pdf)
2. The 2006 DoD fossil-fuel … poor standards for fuel consumption.
Grid
Cyberattacks nearly impossible – empirics and defenses solve
Rid 12 (Thomas Rid, reader in … .com/articles/2012/02/27/cyberwar?page=full)
"Cyberwar Is Already Upon Us." … systems more complex, not less.
Grid is resilient and sustainable
Clark, MA candidate – Intelligence Studies @ American Military University, senior analyst – Chenega Federal Systems, 4/28/’12
(Paul, “The Risk of Disruption or Destruction of Critical U.S. Infrastructure by an Offensive Cyber Attack,” American Military University)
In 2003, a simple physical breakdown occurred – … Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 2012).
Hurrican Sandy disproves their impacts – blackouts across the eastern seaboard should have triggered their impacts
Also SMRs can’t solve these grid disruptions – transmission lines need to be preserved in weather scenarios
Alt Cause – Solar Flares
Deborah Zabarenko, Environmentalist Writer, 12 “Solar superstorm could knock out US power grid – experts,” Chicago Tribune, August 3, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-08-03/news/sns-rt-us-solar-superstormbre8721k8-20120803_1_power-grid-geomagnetic-transformers
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. weather has been … down, the academy's report said.
No risk of Asia war – Peaceful China and multilateral institutions
Bitzinger and Desker, 9
Richard, Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Barry, Dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Director of the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, “ Why East Asian War is Unlikely,” Survival | vol. 50 no. 6 | December 2008–January 2009
The Asia-Pacific region … threatening as some might argue.
Building SMRs causes China to attack sooner – turns the case
a. China has the ability and willingness to attack the grid and Taiwan now
b. The plan publicly announces that we will circumvent their offensive weapon by removing their ability to attack our grid
c. This makes it more likely that they will launch the attack before they lose the ability to do so – this increases the risk of attack in the short term even if we don’t succeed in building a single SMR
Deterrence theory says if they have the capability to take out our response capability and we remove that offensive weapon, it takes out the balance that allows for deterrence – means they would strike before the SMRs w
Heg
Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis, 11
Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO
It is perhaps worth noting … their view on faith alone.
No challengers
Kaplan, senior fellow – Center for a New American Security, and Kaplan, frmr. vice chairman – National Intelligence Council, ‘11
(Robert D and Stephen S, “America Primed,” The National Interest, March/April)
But in spite of the … and always free of illusion.
No risk of Asia war – Peaceful China and multilateral institutions
Bitzinger and Desker, 9
Richard, Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Barry, Dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Director of the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, “ Why East Asian War is Unlikely,” Survival | vol. 50 no. 6 | December 2008–January 2009
The Asia-Pacific region … threatening as some might argue.
Nuke leadership
No nuclear exports—bureaucracy and foreign government competition
NEI, Nuclear Energy Institute, Winter ‘12
(“U.S. Nuclear Export Rules Hurt Global Competitiveness,” http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/publicationsandmedia/insight/insightwinter2012/us-nuclear-export-rules-hurt-global-competitiveness/)
Today, U.S. dominance of the global … opportunities for U.S. commercial nuclear exports.
Alt causes to US nuclear leadership – uranium enrichment control.
James L. Jones 01/17/12, (Jones is a former United States National Security Advisor and a retired United States Marine Corps General, “US must remain leader in nuclear enrichment”. http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/204711-us-must-remain-leader-in-nuclear-enrichment-, google, 09/10/12)
Our commercial leadership in the … our nuclear capability is unacceptable.
1NC
T
Interpretation
Financial incentives must be targeted at energy generation
O’Brien, Minister of State, Department for Energy and Climate Change, UK Parliament, 11/18/’8
(Mike, “Clause 20 — Terms and conditions,” http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3)
I have quite a lot still … a real feed-in tariff scheme.
Violation
Procurement isn’t T—-they must distribute funds to the private sector ====
CCES 9 Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (also called c2es) "Buildings and Emissions: Making the Connection" No specific date dated, most recent citation from 2009 www.c2es.org/technology/overview/buildings
Policy Options to Promote Climate-Friendly Buildings
The mosaic of current policies … and computer-based building analysis.
Vote Neg—tons of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy tech in ways that could increase production—only direct financial disbursements for increased production create a predictable and manageable topic
EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ‘92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf)
In some sense, most Federal … enterprise, or research and development.
RE
Emerging economies make renewables … in the status quo competitive
(Recheis 12)
Recheis 2012, 08 jun, Denise, “New IRENA study proves renewable competitiveness,” http://blog.reegle.info/blog/new-irena-study-proves-renewable-competitiveness.htm
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) … retrofitting creates between 13 and 17 jobs.
AND, Nuclear trades off – directly takes funds from renewable energy -
(CCN 08)
Carbon Control News, July 7, 2008, “Activists make new economic case against nuclear's climate benefits”, lexis, accessed October 14, 2012.
A number of new reports … jump, but it won't revive."
AND, US Renewables are key to Chinese renewable sector – exports
(Sawhney and Kahn 12)
Aparna Sawhney, Centre for International Trade and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi , Matthew E. Kahn, UCLA and NBER. Institute of the Environment, “Understanding cross-national trends in high-tech renewable power equipment exports to the United States” Energy Policy Volume 46, July 2012, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512002716, accessed October 18, 2012.
The import of core-high … in the renewable energy industry.
AND, Chinese Renewable energy is … key to sustainable economic growth
(Yuanyuan 12)
Liu Yuanyuan, staff writer, “China Set to Vigorously Develop Green Economy” Renewable Energy World, February 1, 2012, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/02/china-set-to-vigorously-develop-green-economy, accessed August 3, 2012.
Due to growing urbanization and … low carbon sector in China.
AND, Economic Collapse kills the CCP - causes nuclear lash out
(Yee and Storey 02)
(Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002 (The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality, RoutledgeCurzon, pg 5)
The fourth factor contributing to … its neighbours and the world.
REM
Supply is stable but limited, increased demand causes shortages
Bloomberg 12 Jim Snyder writer for Bloomberg, January 5, 2012, Five Rare Earths Crucial for Clean Energy Seen In Short Supply, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-05/five-rare-earths-crucial-for-clean-energy-seen-in-short-supply.html; AMDG
Falling Prices While prices of … a capable workforce,” the report said.
Use of Exotic metals put a hard cap on quantity of nuclear power and create price and supply volatility
Derek Abbott September/October 2012 vol. 68 no. 5 23-32 professor in the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Adelaide in Australia. A physicist and electronic engineer, he is an expert on complex systems and multidisciplinary applications of engineering and physics, and has recently become active in researching the scientific and technological challenges of meeting the world’s energy demands. Sage - Limits to growth: Can nuclear power supply the world’s needs?
One important question has been … up with the construction demand
Rare earths key to semi- conductor industry
Derek Abbott September/October 2012 vol. 68 no. 5 23-32 professor in the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Adelaide in Australia. A physicist and electronic engineer, he is an expert on complex systems and multidisciplinary applications of engineering and physics, and has recently become active in researching the scientific and technological challenges of meeting the world’s energy demands. Sage - Limits to growth: Can nuclear power supply the world’s needs?
Because the metal walls of a … with the large throughput required.
Increased cost kills semiconductor industry – key to manufacturing jobs, economic growth, and national security leadership
SIA in 12 (Semi-Conductor Industry Association, Testimony for the Record Of the Semiconductor Industry Association Hearing on “Helium: Supply Shortages Impacting our Economy, National Defense and Manufacturing” (Hearing held on July 10, 2012 http://www.sia-online.org/clientuploads/directory/DocumentSIA/Helium%20testimony%20120801%20(2).pdf)
Without access to the Federal … , drive 25 percent of economic growth.
Economic decline triggers war – studies prove.
Royal 2010 (Jedediah, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction – U.S. Department of Defense), “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises”, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods … debate and deserves more attention.
Accidents
SMRs collapse IAEA efficacy—impact is accidents
Edwin Lyman, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, Global … _power/lyman-appropriations-subcom-7-14-11.pdf
Fukushima also demonstrated how rapidly a … any relief in this regard.
Extinction
Stephen Lendman, The Peoples Voice, 3/12/11, … /Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan
Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake … weapons and commercial dependency exist.
1NC – SMR Solvency
Not inevitable – Market forces and Fukushima
(Davis 11)
Lucas W. Davis is Assistant Professor at the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, “Prospects for U.S. Nuclear Power After Fukushima” Energy Institute at Haas, August, 2011, https://ei.haas.berkeley.edu/pdf/working_papers/WP218.pdf, accessed September 6, 2012.
In March 2011 an earthquake and … costs to decrease over time.
Framing question on solvency – prototypes don’t mean designs can be built en masse – Department of Energy says a decade more for commercialization
(Anderson 10)
Kate Anderson, Senior Engineer – Integrated Applications Office, NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy , “SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS” NREL, February 1, 2010, https://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=23andved=0CDcQFjACOBQandurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsmr.inl.gov%2FDocument.ashx%3Fpath%3DDOCS%252FReading%2BRoom%252Fgeneral%252FNuclear%2BWhite%2BPaper%2Bby%2BNREL%2B020110.pdfandei=W1liULP2EcyPyAGcjIGIDQandusg=AFQjCNExkaTIXfCH8Jv29-r8JKJYurwvrAandsig2=0bOv5FRC9GPUQR0Eerx0lw, accessed September 25, 2012.
Despite these benefits, small reactors … licensing review for new technologies.14
Multiple bottlenecks to production – containment vessels, materials and labor
(Kilaru et al 10)
Bharat Kilaru, Matej Mavricek, Yvonne Szeto, Mounica Yanamandala, Univeristy of Chicago Researchers “ Increasing Nuclear Power Use in the United States” December 6, 2010 http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team5-1210.pdf, accessed September 6, 2012.
One of the major bottlenecks … , including the UK, France, or China.
DOD can’t drive investments – misaligned consumption patterns and constraints
Dimotakis 06 (Paul Dimotakis, Professor of Aeronautics and Professor of Applied Physics, Ph.D., Applied Physics – California Institute of Technology, ASCIT teaching award, The MITRE Corporation, December 09, 2006, Reducing DoD Fossil-Fuel Dependence, http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/fossil.pdf)
2. The 2006 DoD fossil-fuel … poor standards for fuel consumption.
Grid
Cyberattacks nearly impossible – empirics and defenses solve
Rid 12 (Thomas Rid, reader in … .com/articles/2012/02/27/cyberwar?page=full)
"Cyberwar Is Already Upon Us." … systems more complex, not less.
Grid is resilient and sustainable
Clark, MA candidate – Intelligence Studies @ American Military University, senior analyst – Chenega Federal Systems, 4/28/’12
(Paul, “The Risk of Disruption or Destruction of Critical U.S. Infrastructure by an Offensive Cyber Attack,” American Military University)
In 2003, a simple physical breakdown occurred – … Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 2012).
Hurrican Sandy disproves their impacts – blackouts across the eastern seaboard should have triggered their impacts
Also SMRs can’t solve these grid disruptions – transmission lines need to be preserved in weather scenarios
Alt Cause – Solar Flares
Deborah Zabarenko, Environmentalist Writer, 12 “Solar superstorm could knock out US power grid – experts,” Chicago Tribune, August 3, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-08-03/news/sns-rt-us-solar-superstormbre8721k8-20120803_1_power-grid-geomagnetic-transformers
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. weather has been … down, the academy's report said.
No risk of Asia war – Peaceful China and multilateral institutions
Bitzinger and Desker, 9
Richard, Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Barry, Dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Director of the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, “ Why East Asian War is Unlikely,” Survival | vol. 50 no. 6 | December 2008–January 2009
The Asia-Pacific region … threatening as some might argue.
Building SMRs causes China to attack sooner – turns the case
a. China has the ability and willingness to attack the grid and Taiwan now
b. The plan publicly announces that we will circumvent their offensive weapon by removing their ability to attack our grid
c. This makes it more likely that they will launch the attack before they lose the ability to do so – this increases the risk of attack in the short term even if we don’t succeed in building a single SMR
Deterrence theory says if they have the capability to take out our response capability and we remove that offensive weapon, it takes out the balance that allows for deterrence – means they would strike before the SMRs w
Heg
Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis, 11
Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO
It is perhaps worth noting … their view on faith alone.
No challengers
Kaplan, senior fellow – Center for a New American Security, and Kaplan, frmr. vice chairman – National Intelligence Council, ‘11
(Robert D and Stephen S, “America Primed,” The National Interest, March/April)
But in spite of the … and always free of illusion.
No risk of Asia war – Peaceful China and multilateral institutions
Bitzinger and Desker, 9
Richard, Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Barry, Dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Director of the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, “ Why East Asian War is Unlikely,” Survival | vol. 50 no. 6 | December 2008–January 2009
The Asia-Pacific region … threatening as some might argue.
Nuke leadership
No nuclear exports—bureaucracy and foreign government competition
NEI, Nuclear Energy Institute, Winter ‘12
(“U.S. Nuclear Export Rules Hurt Global Competitiveness,” http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/publicationsandmedia/insight/insightwinter2012/us-nuclear-export-rules-hurt-global-competitiveness/)
Today, U.S. dominance of the global … opportunities for U.S. commercial nuclear exports.
Alt causes to US nuclear leadership – uranium enrichment control.
James L. Jones 01/17/12, (Jones is a former United States National Security Advisor and a retired United States Marine Corps General, “US must remain leader in nuclear enrichment”. http://thehill.com/opinion/op-ed/204711-us-must-remain-leader-in-nuclear-enrichment-, google, 09/10/12)
Our commercial leadership in the … our nuclear capability is unacceptable.
Prolif
Deterrence breakdowns don’t cause full-scale nuclear war – states will limit damage at every stage of the conflict
War-fighting offers no stop short of victory, deterrence strategies do
No great power draw in
Waltz 3 (Kenneth Waltz, Emeritus Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley and Adjunct Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University, 2003, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, p. 34-35)
States are deterred by the … of nuclear weapons are small.
Can’t solve proliferation – IAEA overstretch
Lyman 2011 (Edwin, Senior Scientist, Global Security Program Union of Concerned Scientists "An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors" Before the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee Committee on Appropriations U.S. Senate, July 14, 2011 http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/lyman-appropriations-subcom-7-14-11.pdf)
UCS is also concerned that … difficult, if feasible at all.
Prolif won’t happen – can’t access materials
(Kidd 10)
Steve Kidd is Director of Strategy and Research at the World Nuclear Association, where he has worked since 1995 (when it was the Uranium Institute). “ Nuclear proliferation risk – is it vastly overrated?” Nuclear Engineering International, July 23, 2010, http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056931, accessed September 20, 2012.
Proliferation of nuclear materials and … further will encounter reasonable objections.
No Prolif – civil programs don’t necessitate weapons
(Skutnik 11)
Steve Skutnik, Assistant Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of Tennessee; “Civilian Nuclear Energy Programs as a 'Fig Leaf' for Proliferation: Does It Matter?” The Energy Collective, October 19, 2011, http://theenergycollective.com/skutnik/67398/civilian-nuclear-energy-programs-fig-leaf-proliferation-does-it-matter, accessed September 20, 2012.
The Washington Post today featured … . The argument simply doesn't hold up.
Their evidence falls prey to orientalist tropes that guarantee nuclear racism and apartheid
Hugh Gusterson, Massachusetts Institute of … , Cultural Anthropology 14(1):111-143. American Anthropological Association.
According to the literature on … of the recognized nuclear powers.
The ontological and geographical underpinnings of nuclearity make extinction inevitable
Gabrielle Hecht, professor of history at the University of Michigan, September 2006, "Nuclear Ontologies" Volume 13, Issue 3, pages 320–331,
We cannot understand the geography … stuff of geopolitical power: uranium.
Prolif
Deterrence breakdowns don’t cause full-scale nuclear war – states will limit damage at every stage of the conflict
War-fighting offers no stop short of victory, deterrence strategies do
No great power draw in
Waltz 3 (Kenneth Waltz, Emeritus Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley and Adjunct Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University, 2003, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, p. 34-35)
States are deterred by the … of nuclear weapons are small.
