Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States Supreme court should rule that Master Limited Partnerships should include the production of wind and solar power.

Courts have jurisdiction over energy production issues – RPS proves.

Ferrey 2012, Steven (Professor of Law, Suffolk University Law School; Visiting Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, 2003. Professor Ferrey has advised the United Nations and World Bank Sustainable Development Vice Presidency on international energy and environmental issues around the world over the past two decades.). “THREADING THE CONSTITUTIONAL NEEDLE WITH CARE: THE COMMERCE CLAUSE THREAT TO THE NEW INFRASTRUCTURE OF RENEWABLE POWER.” The University of Texas, Texas Journal of Oil, Gas, and Energy Law. All Rights Reserved. Texas Journal of Oil, Gas, and Energy Law

The state has jurisdiction, pursuant...state renewable energy programs.

Courts solve – have jurisdiction to rule over environmental law and the tax code.

Elmendorf 2001, Christopher. “ State Courts, Citizen Suits, and the Enforcement of Federal Environmental Law by Non-Article III Plaintiffs.” The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 110, No. 6 (Apr., 2001), pp. 1003-1044

Unencumbered by constitutional constraints...claims against state agencies.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Best models of polling data show Obama lead – post-Convention bump

Blumenthal 09/14/2012, Mark, “2012 Polls, Read By New HuffPost Pollster Model, Give Obama Electoral Vote Lead,” Huffington Post, online

Multiple new polls shows ...1 and 2 points since April

Clean energy is a hot button issue – perception is that it’s unnecessary and expensive

(Pace 8/2)

Natalie Pace, Author, 'You vs. Wall Street'; CEO and Founder, Women's Investment Network, LLC Huffington Post August 2, 2012, “Is Clean Energy Doomed If President Obama Is Not Re-Elected?” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/natalie-pace/is-clean-energy-doomed-if_b_1731113.html, accessed August 17, 2012.

Clean energy is once again ... commentariat would believe. 

AND, Spending swings the election – majorities of every party wants reductions

(Kohut 7/12)

Andrew Kohut, President, Pew Research Center, “Debt and Deficit: A Public Opinion Dilemma” June 14, 2012, Pew Research Center, http://www.people-press.org/2012/06/14/debt-and-deficit-a-public-opinion-dilemma/, accessed August 17, 2012.

The issue of the debt and the deficit...government providing more services.

Romney win causes Iran strikes – advisors and rhetoric

(Berman 7/19)

Ari Berman, writer for the nation, graduated from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University with a degree in journalism and political science, “Romney: Bomb, Bomb, Bomb, Bomb, Bomb Iran” The Nation, July 19, 2012, http://www.thenation.com/blog/168478/romney-bomb-bomb-bomb-bomb-bomb-iran#, accessed August 13, 2012.

Over the weekend, Jamie Fly ...want yet another war.

Strikes escalate to extinction

(Lendman 12)

(Stephen; independent radio and newspaper correspondent; “Perils of Attacking Iran”; 3/22/12, http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2012/03/22/18709865.php)

Middle East conflict may ...future generations to try. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1. Energy production and use is predicated on an ontological enframing of the earth as standing reserve to be extracted and stored for use without end.

Backhaus 2009 April 20, Gary, Loyola College in Maryland, Department of Philosophy “Automobility: Global Warming as Symptomatology,” Sustainability 1, 187-208, online

The twentieth-century philosopher ...themselves from its clearing.

2. Their ontology devastates the earth and renders it an unworld devoid of being – this is worse than mere annihilation because devastation represents the foreclosure of all possibilities of life while annihilation is merely a leveling out to zero.

MITCHELL 2005, ANDREW J., Stanford University, “HEIDEGGER AND TERRORISM,” Research in Phenomenology 35, 181-218

Devastation (Verwüstung) is the process ...the threat of being.

3. Vote negative to let being be – this is a direct negation of the willful and violent power of machination that understands power and violence as intrinsic characteristics of being. Releasement from the violence of will allows the earth to disclose itself to us in a totally new ontological context.

Joronen 2011, Mikko, “Dwelling in the Sites of Finitude: Resisting the Violence of the Metaphysical Globe,” Antipode Vol. 00 No. 0, online

According to the first sense ...emerge on their own (see Armstrong 2008; de Beistegui 2007:8, 16; ˇ Ziˇzek 2006:282–283)

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Semifinals | Opponent: CSUF CT | Judge: 

1NC

First is the links –

a) Ontology of Trash - The affirmatives understanding of trash as an ontological space of non-value has constituted the erasure of those who live off trash itself. Their view understands the commodity process as finished once it has turned to refuse ignoring the lived experience who continue to process it into another commodity for use

Whitson in 2011(Risa, "Negotiating Place and Value: Geographies of Waste and Scavenging in Buenos Aires," Volume 43, Issue 4, -http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.library.umkc.edu/doi/10.1111/anti.2011.43.issue-4/issuetocpages 1404–1433, September 2011)
Economic and social … of Buenos Aires.

b) Anti-binarism - The affirmative rejection of binaries normalizes capitalist relationships of ownership – we must affirm binaries to understand that all social structures are determined by a fundamental division between those that sell their labor power and those that purchase it. The affirmatives alternative results in a class pluralism that makes it impossible to understand these divisions.

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, "Class in Culture", p. 15-18)
In materialist theory…  No Other%21" 81).

c) Cultural Affect - The focus on mediums of cultural significations, such as the body, creates an inversion of materialism that confuses the result of the modes of production with the cause. The reduction of materiality into materialism dehistoricizes class structures.

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, "Class in Culture", p. 38-41)
In order to … of the owners.

d) Superstructures - The rejection of super-structures and grand narratives leaves us with no tools to fight capitalism.  The local resistance they offer is nothing more than the same democracy that has allowed the rampant expansion of capital.

Holmstrom in 97 (Nancy, Professor Emeritus Department of Philosophy at Rutgers, Renewing Historical Materialism, Solidarity, http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2198)
While the defeat … characteristic of capitalism.

e) Culture - Struggle cannot be reduced to a question of personal outlook and cultural interaction. This reduction of the political radicality of the movement creates a communism that is structurally no different than today’s capitalist model.

Zizek in 9
Slavoj; senior researcher @ U of Ljubljana and lecturer/professor @ the EGS; First as Tragedy, Then as Farce; p.
In keeping with … Jerry’s ice cream.

f) The movements of inclusion and exclusion within given system of power relations do nothing to alter the structure and symptoms of the system. Rather than attempt to include the excluded within the current symbolic order we must make the choice to radically reconstruct this order in reference to the excluded.

Zizek in 9
Slavoj; senior researcher @ U of Ljubljana and lecturer/professor @ the EGS; First as Tragedy, Then as Farce; p.

This is why … proletariat" -is crucial.

Second is the impacts -

a) Ethics - The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system

Zizek and Daly in 4
 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it … otherwise sound matrix.

b) Ecocide - Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth

Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(~%231109,  "Capitalism’s Eco-Mess and
the Revolutionary Alternative", july 1, online)
The capitalist … minute to spare.

Third is Alternative and Method

a) The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of a historical materialist methodology to challenge capitalism. This method is critical to generate a pedagogy which privileges the relations of production for a better understanding of social and political oppression.

Andrew N. McNight in 2010  University of Alabama at Birmingham,  A Pragmatic and pedagogically Minded Revaluation of Historical Materialism,  Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, vol.8. no.2, http://www.jceps.com/PDFs/08-2-04.pdf
Toward a reconstruction … systemic social change.

b) Understanding economics and society as totalizing is the key methodological point of departure for understanding class relations

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder … as a whole. 7-8

c) Class consciousness must be the starting point, and it can only work with the dialectical method-their abandonment of the totality of economic relations dooms any revolutionary practice to failure

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary’s Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
Class consciousness is the … and through our deeds. p42-43

d) Capitalism encloses all social and spatial relations – there is no radical outside, one is either complicit with material structures of domination or critical of that system.

Micocci in 9
Andrea; The Metaphysics of Capitalism; p. 2
The thesis of … the definitive one.

There can be no synthesis between our methodological perspectives-abandoning the position of totality in favor of fragmented, isolated consciousness inevitably means an abandonment of the conditions needed for revolution

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary’s Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
Rosa Luxemburg’s major … bourgeois vulgar economists. 29-30

Economic base controls the development of social and cultural superstructure – even those superstructural changes that do implicate the base are predicated on stabilizing and maintaining the existing relations of production – this means only the alt solves the aff

FARRELLY 2011, COLIN, "Patriarchy and Historical Materialism," Hypatia 26.1 (Winter, 2011), google scholar
The canonical statement … in agrarian societies. 

2nc

There is no space outside of capital with which to reassert a new ontology of identity-only democratic collectivity’s refusal to be identified can shatter the sustaining logic of capitalism

Noah De Lissovoy in 08 Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 19, Issue 1, 2008  Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 19, Issue 1, 2008,  Dialectic of Emergency/Emergency of the Dialectic
Without a true … a global terrain.31

Perm can’t solve – focus on the aff trades off with challenging economic exploitation.

Ebert in 95, (Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Rethinking Marxism
Association for Economic and Social Analysis, vol 8 no 2, The Knowable Good—Post-al Ethics,
the Question of Justice and Red Feminism, index found here, http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/gr/gsce/d/rm.htm~~%2395-http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/gr/gsce/d/rm.htm, article here, http://www.geocities.com/redtheory/AO/AOVol5-1RedFeminism.html-http://www.geocities.com/redtheory/AO/AOVol5-1RedFeminism.html )
What is of primary … an eschatological historiography.

Dialectical materialism is the only sustainable way to stop political paralysis.  Their belief in pure subjectivity separates us from the backdrop of capitalism that determines that subjectivity, making paralysis inevitable.

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary’s Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
The practical danger … movement as a whole" 23-24

The only way to avoid ecological collapse is to sharply limit production. This is only possible in the context of a dialectical and material methodology for understanding the environment and its relation to trash and waste.

Smith in 2011(Richard, Institute for Policy Research %26 Development, "Green Capitalism: the god that failed", real-world economics review, issue no. 56)
The seeming exception to … impossible under capitalism.

The affirmative views disposal as the end-point of the process of consumption excluding the practices and modes of consumption that occur beyond the trash bin – trash is not placed elsewhere, it actively has a place with political and social connotations – political economy of trash is distinct from the ontological approach of the aff that situates trash within a cultural context seen as co-extensive with materiality

Whitson in 2011(Risa, "Negotiating Place and Value: Geographies of Waste and Scavenging in Buenos Aires," Volume 43, Issue 4, -http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.library.umkc.edu/doi/10.1111/anti.2011.43.issue-4/issuetocpages 1404–1433, September 2011)
One way of … are clean and ordered.4-http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.library.umkc.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00791.x/full

The fear of essentialism opens up room for conservative dogma that there is no alternative to the capitalist order and class based oppression – they create a negative essentialism that presumes the presence of an absence in all structures.

Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, "Class in Culture", p. 11-14)
"For us," 1. K. Gibson-Graham … essentialism of the negative.

1NR

Probability – the impact is structurally inevitable as long as capitalist production continues

O’Connor, Professor in Economic Science at the Université de Versailles, 94
(Martin, Is Capitalism Sustainable pg. 3)
With the collapse … the hope.

Capitalism produces the ontological erasure of third and fourth world populations this is a material question of the relations of production turns your erasure arguments.

Kato in 93
Masahide; Dept of Poli Sci @ U of Hawaii; Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze; Alternatives 18
Thus dissolution between … and Indigenous Peoples.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The affirmative invokes Nature as an ontological foundation that we can bring back into balance.  This ignores the multitude of Natures and subjective nature of its meaning.  Nature stands in for our repressed fears and fantasies-it is an object around which we shape our drives.  This de-politicizes ecology as it places Nature as an objective entity outside of politics.

Erik Swyngedouw in 11,  Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Depoliticized Environments: The End of Nature, Climate Change and the Post­Political Condition,  Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement / Volume 69 / October 2011 , pp 253-274 DOI: http:~/~/dx.doi.org/10.1017/1017/S1358246111000300

In Ecology without Nature, Timothy … -natural processes.

Their construction of terrorists as a nameless, faceless, amorphous enemy is an ideological fantasy which allows for terror to be cast as the universal signifier for all social evils, which any amount of violence can be mobilized against.

Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, 2002, Welcome to the Desert of the Real!, p. 109-111

The lesson to … all social evils.

Risk is an ideological construction signifying anxiety over our inability to ever achieve a complete understanding of reality.  This is part of the ever-present trauma of modernity where risk is embedded in everyday life and extinction is an ontological specter.

Michael Gunder in 8 University of Auckland, New Zealand, Ideologies of Certainty In a Risky Reality:  Beyond the Hauntology of Planning, Planning Theory, vol 7 (2): 186-206.

In the wider social … state (Beck, 2004, 2005b; Ekberg, 2007).

De-politicization does not eliminate antagonism in the name of consensus-it merely drives it underground and fuels increasingly uncontrolled structural violence

Erik Swyngedouw in 11 Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester,  Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces,  Political Geography 30 (2011)

While a consensual … shall turn to next.

Structural violence outweighs – appeals to subjective outbursts of violence masks the underlying invisible causes of that violence, only the alt solves

Žižek in 8

Slavoj, senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology @ Univ. of Ljubljana, Violence, p. 1-2

If there is a … of subjective violence.

Alternative- reject the affirmative plan even in the face of their crisis politics.  This radical act disrupts the fantasy of a market driven managerial state as political, and creates space for new political imaginaries based on socio-ecological equality

Erik Swyngedouw in 11 Geography, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester,  Interrogating post-democratization: Reclaiming egalitarian political spaces,  Political Geography 30 (2011)

Third, the proper response … must choose sides” 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northwestern LV | Judge: Miller, Stout, Taylor
1 - Links

a. Supply side focus relies on a public/private division that prioritizes masculine knowledge over all others. In this framework, women’s role is relegated to greening the home.

MacGregor in 10 (Sherilyn; Senior Lecturer in Women’s Studies and Politics @ Keele University; “A stranger silence still: the need for feminist social research on climate change” Sociological Review; Scholar)

The final area in which there is scope – and need – for a feminist

AND

the gendered status quo – and want to put it good green use.

b. Nuclear energy is an overwhelmingly unjust form of energy production - even if the technology is sound it has been deployed in ways that disproportionately externalize costs onto indigenous groups and poor communities of color.

Ogley-Oliver 2012 Emma JF, Georgia State University, “Development of Activism: The Elders of the Antinuclear Movement,” Psychology Dissertations. Paper 104.

1.2. Anti-nuclear Movement While anti-nuclear activism has resurfaced

AND

nuclear industry has fueled the anti-nuclear movement for over 70 years.

c. Security discourse assumes there is an anarchic world outside that we must protect against.  The desire for security becomes a masculine public desire at the expense of acknowledging the feminine.  This materially encourages structural violence to continue and closes off better understandings of the causes of war and violence in our everyday lives.

Peterson in 2000 (V Spike, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Arizona, SAIS Review, 20.2, rereading public and private:  the dichotomy that is not one, project muse)

Next I undertake a reading of the second variant, where references to the public

AND

22 disable more adequate analyses of power, violence, and security.

d. Their framing of water shortage in terms of its human impact sidesteps ethical issues because of its basis in discourses of self-interest. Connecting environmental destruction with human oppression is key.

Wapner and Matthew 2009, Paul, American University and Richard A., University of Cal, Irvine “The Humanity of Global Environmental Ethics,” The Journal of Environment Development 2009; 18; 203, DOI: 10.1177/1070496509334693

Ethical reflection on international environmental affairs is in its infancy. Although scholars have begun

AND

interhuman relations and build on the success of the international human rights framework.

2. Impact - The belief that we can control nature, and that the natural world is here for our benefit, is part of a political ideology that is existentially incompatible with the liberation of women from patriarchy.  This threatens the survival of all environmental worlds

Mallory in 99 (Chaone, Master’s thesis @ University of North Texas Toward an Ecofeminist Environmental Jurisprudence:  Nature, Law and Gender August 99 www.phil.unt.edu/theses/pdf)

MacKinnon writes that women are socially constructed to be weak, passive, unresistant to

AND

the manner in which men’s flourishing is tied to the liberation of women.

3. Alt -

a. Our alternative is an Ecofeminist, standpoint epistemology-this involves understanding the originary Otherization of nature and women by men.  All other forms of violence are justified by this epistemology-only by embracing the knowledge structures of Others who have been excluded because of their association with femininity and nature can we unravel the violence of modernist binaries.

Pandey in 2k6 (Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forgin bonds with women, nature and the third world:  an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest) 140-143

The most significant contribution of ecofeminism lies in its ability to plumb to the very

AND

unwitting partners in crime, eroding the very basis of their own survival. 

b. New epistemological approaches are key – without alternative approaches there is no way for most of the population to access our discussions or to create real world change. Only ecofeminist thought balances empiricist analysis with localized forms of knowledge.

Code in 6 (Lorraine; Distinguished Research Professor Emerita of Philosophy at York University in Toronto Canada and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada; Ecological Thinking: The Politics of Epistemic Location; p.97-99)

Epistemologists, in consequence, need methods/methodologies capable of generating and adjudicating knowledge

AND

the complexities in the politics of knowledge that successor epistemologies have to address.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Northwestern LV | Judge: Miller, Stout, Taylor
Solvency
Acquisition increases time tables
(House Committee on Armed Services 12)
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES “Challenges to Doing Business with the Department of Defense Findings of the Panel on Business Challenges in the Defense Industry” March 19, 2012, http://armedservices.house.gov/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=f60b62cb-ce5d-44b7-a2aa-8b693487cd44, accessed October 24, 2012. 

Noted in their report, the CSBA found that the defense acquisition industry does not
AND
more strategic and efficient manner, e.g. an evolutionary strategy. 

No oversight – no trained personal – leads to ineffective acquisition
(House Committee on Armed Services 12)
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES “Challenges to Doing Business with the Department of Defense Findings of the Panel on Business Challenges in the Defense Industry” March 19, 2012, http://armedservices.house.gov/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=f60b62cb-ce5d-44b7-a2aa-8b693487cd44, accessed October 24, 2012. 

The capability and capacity of the defense acquisition workforce Although DOD has made significant progress
AND
Army has since implemented changes to help grow a senior level contracting workforce. 

Firms won’t take the bait on procurement – the “special needs” of the military means it won’t be profitable
(Heberling and Kinsella, No Date)
Michael E. Heberling, Ph.D., is a senior policy and business analyst with the Anteon Corporation, Dayton Ohio.  He is a CPCM, NCMA Fellow and is a member of the Dayton Chapter.  Mary E. Kinsella is the program manager for the "Military Products from Commercial Lines” Pilot Program.  She is assigned to the Manufacturing Technology Directorate at Wright Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. “COMPLICATING ISSUES IN ADOPTING COMMERCIAL CONTRACTING PRACTICES IN DEFENSE ACQUISITION” No Date, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andcad=rjaandved=0CCEQFjAAandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dau.mil%2FstudentInfo%2Fstudent_info%2FHeberling_document.docandei=Ik6PUIT_E-TuyAHIsYGIBwandusg=AFQjCNHyjNrpPUzZZzC1ts23-YyQIG7wlAandsig2=xaQAh20wTkLmJklxrWHo-Q, accessed October 29, 2012. 

Reluctance of Commercial Firms. Many commercial firms are fully capable of meeting military requirements
AND
own "past performance” track record as a trusted and reliable customer.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: NU LV | Judge: Miller, Stout, Taylor
Heg

1. Their state conflict scenario is based on out-dated Newtonian models of linear cause and effect. These approaches are inadequate in the complex global reality that forms the context for the problems that policymaking attempts to resolve.
   Geyer and Pickering 2011 Robert and Steve Lancaster University “Applying the tools of complexity to the international realm: from fitness landscapes to complexity cascades,” Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Volume 24, Number 1, March 2011
   Despite multiple waves of debate in modern IR, the dominant framework of academics and
   AND
   IR by creating a ‘cross-pollination between natural and social sciences’. 

2. Viewing violence in a strict nation state context occludes the transnational and diffuse roots of violence and antagonism that results in exercises of US hegemony that lock us into quagmires like Iraq.
Kelley in 8
Patrick A; Major, U.S. Army, Director of National Intelligence, and National Defense Intelligence College Research Fellow; Imperial Secrets. Remapping the Mind of Empire; National Defense Intelligence College, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, Washington, DC; p. 56-57
I want to emphasize here this diff erent imagining of space for two fundamental reasons
AND
other constructions of space and power, both sub and supra-national.

3. Human action is not governed by self-interest – empirics across different cultures prove
Gowdy 2008 John M.  Rittenhouse Professor of Humanities and Social Science, Department of Economics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “Behavioral economics and climate change policy,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 68, http://evolution.binghamton.edu/evos/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Gowdy-et-al-2008_economics-and-climate-change.pdf
Experimental results from behavioral economics, evolutionary game theory and neuroscience have firmly established that
AND
cost effect, and they apparently evaluate payoffs according to expected utility theory.

4. Humans are altruistically inclined – promoting reciprocity is key to collective action
Orbell et al 2004, John Orbell, Tomonori Morikawa, Jason Hartwig, James Hanley and Nicholas Allen “"Machiavellian" Intelligence as a Basis for the Evolution of Cooperative Dispositions,” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 98, No. 1 (Feb., 2004), pp. 1-15
How to promote group-benefiting action when individuals have strong incentives against such action
AND
that cooperative dispositions are universal and infallible in their production of cooperative behavior.

5. Blackouts happen monthly – Proves their impact is empirically denied.
Apt and Lave 8/10/04 - former NASA astronaut, executive director Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center; co-director of the center Jay Apt and Lester B. Lave, “Blackouts Are Inevitable,” Washington Post, 8/10/04, p. A19, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52952-2004Aug9.html
As we approach the first anniversary of the Blackout of '03, we're reminded of
AND
could get around any protective structures and software to bring down the system.

6. No impact to blackout – backup generators.
(Birch 10/1)
Douglas;  a former foreign correspondent for the Associated Press and the Baltimore Sun who has written extensively on technology and public policy; Forget Revolution. Foreign Policy Magazine. October 1, 2012. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/01/forget_revolution?page=0,1
According to an August report by the U.S. Department of Energy,
AND
were the people without power as helpless or clueless as is sometimes assumed.

7. Heg Decline Inevitable –

a. Economy and unpopular US policies make US decline inevitable – multilateralism is coming
Maher in 2011(Richard, Phd Candidate in the Political Science department at Brown University, “The Paradox of American Unipolarity: Why the United States May be Better Off in a Post-Unipolar World”, Orbis, Vol. 55, Issue 1, p. 53-68)
Power and Purpose in the American Era. Though the United States has seen itself
AND
two, three, or even four centers of power is rapidly approaching. 

b. Soft-balancing and asymmetric strategies make US decline inevitable regardless of how successful they are
Layne in 2007(Christopher, Professor and Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security at Texas AandM University’s George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service, “America’s Middle East Grand Strategy After Iraq: The Moment for Offshore Balancing Has Arrived", Prepared for the 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, 29 Aug – 2 Sept, http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/1/0/9/7/pages210973/p210973-1.php)
A second point upon which offshore balancers agree is that in addition to the traditional
AND
has an imperial dimension - illustrates the dictum that empires inevitably provoke resistance.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: NU LV | Judge: Miller, Stout, Taylor
Water -

Profit motive takes out this advantage there is NO INCENTIVE for investment in SMRs for desalinization unless it can make money - even if they commercialize no one building these SMRs would do so to provide water supplies. This is especially true in the context of the government acquisition of the aff
David Harvey in 2003 ( Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,  The Fetish of Technology: Causes and Consequences,  Macalester International Vol. 13)
By way of conclusion, I take up some general points on the relations between
AND
, if not draconian, in their implications even for the wealthiest strata. 

Too many alt causes -
poor management of river basins, environmentally unsustainable irrigation, contamination of water,  inadequate infrastructure and poor system maintenance, financially strapped utilities, watershed degradation 

This advantage is missing an internal link even if it is true that water desalinization COULD solve shortages they have no evidence suggesting that anyone WOULD do that because there is no incentive for private actors to do so and there is no way countries at risk of water wars would be able to afford it
Mike Palecek 12 August 2009 http://www.marxist.com/capitalism-versus-science.htm Capitalism Versus Science
We are constantly bombarded with the myth that capitalism drives innovation, technology, and
AND
our fingertips. The only thing that stands in our way is capitalism. 

Status quo solves the advantage – a plethora of countries are pursuing nuke de-salination now – IAEA also solves the advantage
(WNA October 2012)
World Nuclear Association, Page Updated 2012, “Nuclear Desalination” http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf71.html, accessed October 7, 2012.
Algeria has undertaken a study on nuclear power generation and desalination using RO and MED
AND
20 countries, is expected to enable further cost reductions of nuclear desalination. 

conservation is the only way – otherwise crop production causes the impact – this is the last paragraph  
(Rasmussen, 1AC Author, 11)
Erik Rasmussen, CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders, founder of the Copenhagen Climate Council April 12, 2012, "Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/erik-rasmussen/water-wars_b_844101.html, accessed October 7, 2012. 

In 2009, The International Water Management Institute called for a blue revolution as the
AND
and "business as usual" prevails, then water wars will accelerate. 

No water wars - Studies go neg
(Allouche 11)
Jeremy Allouche, Visiting Fellow at the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of. Technology, “The Sustanability and Resilence of Global Water and Food Systems: Political Analysis of the Interplay Between Security, Resource Scarcity, Political Systems, and Global Trade” Food Policy, Volume 36, Supplement 1, January 2011, Pages S3–S8, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919210001272, accessed October 7, 2012. 

The question of resource scarcity has led to many debates on whether scarcity (whether
AND
Barnett and Adger, 2007 and Kevane and Gray, 2008).

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: NU LV | Judge: Miller, Stout, Taylor
AT Framework

Our interpretation is that the affirmative wins by proving that a topical plan and its justifications are good while the negative wins by disproving the desirability of the plan or its justifications.

Framework isn’t a reason to reject the team nor a reason to exclude critical claims – it’s only a lens through which the judge should view the round. All of our ontology arguments are also reasons that including our perspective provides a unique education and better policymaking. This means we access all of their policy education in addition to adding critical interrogation.

Our framing is also neither unpredictable nor unfair – the affirmative implicitly defends its epistemic and ontological commitments throughout the 1AC – if they win the validity of these structures they can weigh the affirmative

Aff choice is never an option – its unlimiting especially since they already choose the focus of debate, means they can set the hurdle impossibly high for the negative to win from the outset

Their appeal to traditional rhetorical approaches is a new link – elevates atomized competitive masculine subject over the interdependent communal feminine subject
Kindred in 11 (Merle; Ph.D. in Rhetoric and Technical Communication at Michigan Technological University with focus on communication challenges involved in changing perception and use of energy and active consultant with the “Women in Energy” programme sponsored by USAID and SARI/Energy; “Invitational Rhetoric: Alternative Rhetorical Strategy as Ecofeminist Practice for Transformation of Perception and Use of Energy in the Residential Built Environment from the Keweenaw to Kerala” Ecofeminism and Rhetoric p. 94-96)
Ecofeminism’s lack of rigid structure or limiting conceptual content means the theory often appears as
AND
making space for alternative strategies, such as invitational rhetoric, to develop.

Dispo Good

1. Straight turn option checks 100 percent of the abuse- the aff always has the option to avoid multiple worlds and spend the whole 2ac straight turning the counterplan. 

2. Key to strategic thinking- forces 2ac to debate in multiple worlds which increases critical thinking. This outweighs sall of their arguments to the ultimate impact to ground is education. And critical thinking is a better type of education because it can be applied to more fields. 

3. Key to negative flexibility- the alternative to dispositionality is the negative shave 1 unconditional counterplan which is devastating to negative strategy giving the affirmative a massive advantage. 

Epist 1st

1. Don’t evaluate their case or impact turns 

a. Code in 6 indicates that epistemological concerns have to come first because knowledge structures condition the possibilities of thought and action - how we come to know the world determines what problems we isolate and the solutions that are considered feasible. 

b. If we win that their knowledge claims are predicated on hegemonic masculinity it proves that no part of the aff is a coherent account of the world because it offers inadequate explainations and does not include marginalized perspectives
 -water wars
  - commercialization profit basis fails
  - humanitarian aff focuses exclusively on water shortages in terms of crisis points - only security interests are solved 

 -hegemony
  -affs grid and islanding internal links prove they are invested in masculine security politics rather than holistic assistance for marginalized populations the effect of the plan insulates the military from the effects of a grid attack but does not protect local disempowered communities that are forced to bear the brunt of negative externalities already this proves that even if they win that hegemony is good their strategy for pursuing hegemony is flawed

2. ideologies are rhetorically produced and distributed and determine the scope of thought on all political issues – creating counter-narratives is key.
Bile in 11 (Jeffery; ; “The Rhetorics of Critical Ecofeminism Conceptual Connection and Reasoned Response” Ecofeminism and Rhetoric p.5-6)
Among communicative constructions, ideologies and their material effects have received especially significant attention.
AND
consideration of the symbolic interventions of ecofeminist theory and the discourse of ecofeminism.

3. Policy failure is inevitable without dealing with epistemic questions -

Failures of epistemology guarantee policy failure - you have to be asking the right questions to get a viable answer
Scrase, 2k10
Scrase, J. Ivan, and David G. Ockwell. "The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction." Energy Policy 38.5 (2010): 2225-2233
There is a dominant conception of policy-making as an objective, linear process
AND
Dryzek et al., 2003—these are explored in detail further below). 

AT Essentialism

1. None of their evidence assumes the standpoint epistemology portion of the alternative - we must recognize the particularity of each subject positions claims to knowledge in order to solve, that’s Pandey in 6

2. No essentialism - ecofeminist epistemology is a dialectical approach that recognizes the indeterminacy of different concepts of woman and nature and the strategic necessity of using certain understandings at certain times
Salleh (2003), Ariel, researcher in Political Economy at the University of Sydney : Ecofeminism as Sociology, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 14:1, 61-74
In unpacking the irrational contradiction which locates women, and usually indigenes, simultaneously within
AND
as "strategic essentialism" is sometimes relied on for pragmatic emphasis.16 

3. Saying all ecofeminism is essentialist assumes there is one blanket ideology that represents all ecofeminists-this is itself an essentialist assumption.
Pandey in 2k6 (Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forgin bonds with women, nature and the third world:  an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest)
Two key arguments that summarize the ecofeminist responses to post-modern criticism shall be
AND
she accuses ecofeminism of, that of essentialism.  68-69

4. OUR ALTERNATIVE IS THE ONLY HOPE FOR UNDERSTANDING INTERSECTIONS OF OPPRESSION
Pandey in 2k6 (Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forgin bonds with women, nature and the third world:  an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest)
One of the chief aims of this thesis is to show that the discipline of
AND
an assumption that needs to be grappled with rather than ignored or denied.

This also answers their arguments about women and nature not being related - as long as masc episte rules over all they will remain
Impact O/V

1. Mallory in 99 indicates that social binaries elevate masculine control and violent approaches over feminine cooperative and subsistence ways of life, this has two impacts

a. oppression of women becomes inevitable - this is an ethics DA to the affirmative that they don’t access

b. even if they win extinction comes first it is inevitable as masculine dominance will destroy all ecological life systems

2. Patriarchy comes before the aff - it is the structuring element of all violent social relations and practices. Existing power structures exclude women from decisionmaking processes which means that feminine concerns aren’t even evaluated within the traditional framing.
Buckingham 2008, Susan “Approaching Environmental Issues,” in Understanding Environmental Issues, ch.2 11-32, Sage Pub, online
Ecofeminism is included here for a number of reasons: firstly, gender is habitually
AND
women experiencing environmental problems more acutely than men for socio-economic reasons.

This answers their impact defense because it proves that even if there are proximate causes to specific harms patriarchy is the structure that allows those scenarios to occur in the first place

3. Ethics is a prior question to impact evaluation - if we win that their impact calculus is founded on a masculine perspective that forecloses marginalized views it proves that their knowledge product does not offer an accurate depiction of the world - this makes extinction inevitable
Pandey in 2k6 (Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forgin bonds with women, nature and the third world:  an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest) 265-267
Thus, IR as a discipline, is largely inadequate to address the issues and
AND
that our interests be actively shaped by our ethics and vice-versa.  

AT Util

Disembodied utilitarian risk analysis is insufficient because it ignores the ways different bodies such as women experience risk differently - this produces policies that maintain existing gender binaries.
Buckingham 2008, Susan “Approaching Environmental Issues,” in Understanding Environmental Issues, ch.2 11-32, Sage Pub, online
Eco-feminist arguments have been particularly concerned to ensure that it is societies’ attitudes
AND
females) must be reformed if there are to be significant environmental gains. 

This also proves our epistemology first claims because even utilitarian calculus is not freed from bodily concerns and individual biases - evaluate the knowledge production of the aff before you assess consequences

Even if they win that we can objectively evaluate threats - we’ll impact turn that portion - separating rationality from emotion leads to bad decision-making and policy failure.
Mercer 2005, Jonathan “Rationality and Psychology in International Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Winter, 2005), pp. 77-106, jstor
Developments in neuroscience-such as brain imaging techniques that allow scientists to examine emotion
AND
I emphasize community or identity as an internal solution to collective action problems.

AT Empirics Prove

Deferral to untempered empiricism precludes the introduction of alternative forms of knowledge and prevents the necessary reflection to make effective predictions and empirical analysis.
Code in 6 (Lorraine; Distinguished Research Professor Emerita of Philosophy at York University in Toronto Canada and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada; Ecological Thinking: The Politics of Epistemic Location; p.102-103)
Within orthodox epistemology, the very idea of negotiation sits just as uneasily as does
AND
the temptation to produce the flashy, instant solution can seem irresistibly strong. 

EJ

Independently, the masculine epistemology of dominance ensures unequal displacements of the impact of energy policies.
Wapner and Matthew 2009, Paul, American University and Richard A., University of Cal, Irvine “The Humanity of Global Environmental Ethics,” The Journal of Environment Development 2009; 18; 203, DOI: 10.1177/1070496509334693
Resource, land, and sink displacement across space is about the privileged ignoring or
AND
of the developed world. Such are the rationales justifying displacement across space. 

Turns the aff -

Environmental injustices short circuit solutions to ecological problems because it means that the most powerful and ecologically destructive segments of the population never have to confront their practices and have no incentive to change their ways of life

Makes international and domestic conflict more likely because it puts social pressures on disenfranchised populations that cause stresses and greater tension which exacerbates insecurity

2NC Ext - Mgmt

Extend Mallory - exploitation of nature and women are inextricably linked one cannot be dealt with alone without the other - their conception of the environment as a tool for human use is a patriarchal understanding of the world that marginalizes feminine concerns. Turns case because it makes ecological destruction and patriarchal violence inevitable

This form of purely instrumental understanding eviscerates ethical and moral considerations - apriori reject it.
Wapner and Matthew 2009, Paul, American University and Richard A., University of Cal, Irvine “The Humanity of Global Environmental Ethics,” The Journal of Environment Development 2009; 18; 203, DOI: 10.1177/1070496509334693
Since its inception in the early 1970s, environmental ethics as a discipline has focused
AND
to build picnic tables” (Foreman, 1993, p. 192). 

2NC Ext - Security

Extend Peterson 2k - two links

a. public/private DA - affs focus on security discourse assumes the state is the only important unit in IR this elevates the public sphere over private concerns because only masculine ideals of sovereignty can shape politics - turns case because this makes recourse to war more likely within their framework as cooperation and interdependence are marginalized

b. rationality DA - the affs assumption of rational actors excludes and feminizes non-state actors as irrational and irrelevant to concerns, foreclosing alternative perspectives

c. this also isolates questions about the third world from consideration because it assumes that masculine terms of mastery can manage and control those natural and devalued spaces
Pandey in 2k6 (Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forging bonds with women, nature and the third world:  an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest) 9-10
IR as a discipline is inadequate to address issues of vital importance to the Third
AND
with nature and in the process, reassess and heal their relationships with humans

Humanitarian discourse is used to entrench gender norms as a means of victimizing women that need to be saved by the male white savior from the evil men in another country that can’t save itself. This is used to justify new forms of imperial domination.
Denike in 2008(Margaret, Associate Professor of Human Rights and the Coordinator of the Human Rights Program at Carleton University, “The Human Rights of Others: Sovereignty, Legitimacy, and "Just Causes" for the "War on Terror"”, Hypatia, Volume 23, Number 2, Spring)
From its outset, the official state discourses that have urged, supported, and
AND
inheres in saving helpless female victims from racialized and demonized incarnations of evil. 

Link - Realism

REALISM INEVITABLE ARGUMENTS ARE JUST MORE LINKS-YOU ASSUME THAT A WHITE, MALE-CENTRIC EXPERIENCE IS BOTH BENEFICIAL AND INEVITABLE.  THIS IS THE ROOT CAUSE OF ALL YOUR 1AC IMPACTS
Peterson in 2000 (V Spike, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Arizona, SAIS Review, 20.2, rereading public and private:  the dichotomy that is not one, project muse)
In addition, relegating women to an invisible private sphere lends authority and legitimacy to
AND
not only reproduces hierarchical assumptions conceptually but also institutionalizes hierarchy in material practices. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: NU LV | Judge: Miller, Stout, Taylor
More ev different conditions at every base is a barrier
(Heberling and Kinsella, No Date)
Michael E. Heberling, Ph.D., is a senior policy and business analyst with the Anteon Corporation, Dayton Ohio.  He is a CPCM, NCMA Fellow and is a member of the Dayton Chapter.  Mary E. Kinsella is the program manager for the "Military Products from Commercial Lines” Pilot Program.  She is assigned to the Manufacturing Technology Directorate at Wright Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. “COMPLICATING ISSUES IN ADOPTING COMMERCIAL CONTRACTING PRACTICES IN DEFENSE ACQUISITION” No Date, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andcad=rjaandved=0CCEQFjAAandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dau.mil%2FstudentInfo%2Fstudent_info%2FHeberling_document.docandei=Ik6PUIT_E-TuyAHIsYGIBwandusg=AFQjCNHyjNrpPUzZZzC1ts23-YyQIG7wlAandsig2=xaQAh20wTkLmJklxrWHo-Q, accessed October 29, 2012. 

Higher Performance Requirements.  The commercial approach is to design for a narrower operating environment
AND
the requirements generation process between: performance, cost, and commerceal availability.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: NU LV | Judge: Miller, Stout, Taylor
And the alternative is key to better warfighting – otherwise even if it’s technically capable it will be abused, cause lashouts, and inevitably decline.
Kelley in 8
Patrick A; Major, U.S. Army, Director of National Intelligence, and National Defense Intelligence College Research Fellow; Imperial Secrets. Remapping the Mind of Empire; National Defense Intelligence College, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, Washington, DC; p.1-5

The genesis for this position lies in the immediate aftermath of September 11th, when
AND
, is the kind of “intelligence” produced to explain the problem.

Refusal of sexual difference and the inclusion of women insofar as they adopt a masculine role eliminates the possibility for new forms of intelligence and engagement in international politics that requires a disruption of logocentrism.
Kelley in 8
Patrick A; Major, U.S. Army, Director of National Intelligence, and National Defense Intelligence College Research Fellow; Imperial Secrets. Remapping the Mind of Empire; National Defense Intelligence College, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, Washington, DC; p. 166-168

The point here is manifold. First, that women as women might have unique
AND
ekphrasis— textually describing a world “seen” in a legal way.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: NU LV | Judge:
The ballot is a choice between two different epistemological orientations - this is a debate about what form of pedagogy is most valuable not 

a. the aff is a masculine focus on mastery and control of the external world

b. the alternative is an ecofeminism epistemology - this is not add women and stir but rather top-to-bottom reformulating knowledge on the basis of oppressed standpoints. This challenge to existing knowledge structures starts from the understanding that otherizaton stems directly from man’s originary repression of the natural and feminine realm

c. this generates a contextual and relational ethics of scholarship based on the understanding that individual bodies implicate truth claims - power and social hierarchy must be accounted for in evaluating competing narratives otherwise there is no possibility for liberatory change

Their tech isn’t the only one in town to resolve things like the water wars impacts and an epistemic shift is key – which I think answers the management arguments – the problem with the affirmative is rather than responding to things like river pollution, inefficient irrigation, overuse, is not to revitalize 

Development of technology cannot be separated from social and historical hierarchies that form the context out of which that technology develops - without challenging dualism there is no possibility for beneficial tech developments
Sanati et al 2011, Fahimeh (Corresponding author) School of Humanities, University of Science Malaysia,  Hessamaldin Nejati Hatamian The School of Languages, Literacies and Translation, University of Science Malaysia, Associate Professor Dr. Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi The School of Languages, Literacies and Translation, University of Science Malaysia “An Analysis of the Ecofeminist Viewpoint on Industrialization and Environmental Degradation in Starhawk’s The Fifth Sacred Thing,” Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 4, No. 4; August 2011, doi:10.5539/jsd.v4n4p86
Various studies have addressed industrialization through the lens of ecofeminism. Annabel Rodda (1991
AND
be analyzed to show how humans can benefit from technology while preserving nature.

No link - the alternative is itself a form of action - existing alternative forms of life are actively being exterminated by capitalist expansion. Changing our epistemology is the only way to recognize these possibilities and make them a reality.
Brand et al 2010 Ulrich Brand, professor of international politics at the Institute of Political Science at Vienna University, Nicola Bullard, climate justice program coordinator at Focus on the Global South, Edgardo Lander, Venezuelan Central University in Caracas, and Tadzio Mueller, activist and editor of Turbulence-Ideas for Movement, “Radical climate change politics in Copenhagen and beyond: From criticism to action?”  Critical Currents no. 6
Many alternatives are thinkable, possible and already exist. It is possible that socioecological
AND
and emancipatory transformations in conjunction with an acknowledgement of alternative practices and processes.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Links –

a. Unproductive expenditure – The affirmatives embrace of the solar principle operates in tandem with the goals of capitalist modes of production - they affirm a mode of subjectivity that views production as subordinate to consumption precluding a materialist battle against capitalism
Ebert in 2009(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, The Task of Cultural Critique, p 181-186)
All post al theories of consumption are founded on the conservative views of Georges Bataille
AND
material into the cultural is the fundamental ideological work of capitalist cultural politics.

b. Embodiment – The focus on mediums of cultural significations, such as the body, creates an inversion of materialism that confuses the result of the modes of production with the cause. The reduction of materiality into materialism dehistoricizes class structures.
Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 38-41)
In order to represent media as material, that is, as economic, Hall
AND
contradictions-and consequently "substantiates" the class interests of the owners.

c. The aesthetic turn of the affirmative purports is not an original or authentic movement against the status quo but is a response to class relations that protects the economic interests of the ruling class by smoothing over social tensions
Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p. 29-31)
The cultural tum, we argue, is not a specific recent event brought about
AND
account of the strategies and machinery of capital's war against the labor movement.

d. Your denial of truth claims prevents universality.  Your resistance is always already accepted by the hegemonic framework of the squo and assists in the seamless flow of global capitalism
Dean in 5
(Jodi, Zizek Against Democracy http://jdeanicite.typepad.com/i_cite/files/zizek_against_democracy_new_version.doc accessed 07/14/8)

This right-wing detour, then, emphasizes Zizek’s notion of universal partisan Truth
AND
political tactics chosen are those conducive to the deterritorializing flows of global capital.

2. Impacts –

a. The naturalizing process of capitalism masks its role in ensuring subjugation on a global scale.  Our primary ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the organizing principles which found this system
Zizek and Daly in 4
 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek pg. 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gord¬ian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
the abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.

b. Capitalist exploitation culminates in the destruction of all life on earth
Revolutionary Worker in 2k1
(#1109,  “Capitalism's Eco-Mess and
the Revolutionary Alternative”, july 1, online)
The capitalist system treats this planet, living creatures, plants, and minerals as
AND
. This must stop, and we don't have a minute to spare.

3. The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of a historical materialist methodology to challenge capitalism.

a. Historical materialism provides the necessary tools for understanding the laws of historical development necessary to fundamentally re-shape society towards meeting its basic needs and abolish exploitation  
Cornforth, 52
Maurice, British Marxist Philosopher, Historical Materialism, Volume 2 in Dialectical Materialism, 1952, pgs 27-29
The materialist conception that change and development in society, as in nature, are
AND
the ever-rising material and cultural requirements of the whole of society. 

b. Capitalism encloses all social and spatial relations – there is no radical outside, one is either complicit with material structures of domination or critical of that system.
Micocci in 9
Andrea; The Metaphysics of Capitalism; p. 2
The thesis of this book is that the theoretical equality of all men vis-
AND
find the theoretical explanation I shall argue in this book the definitive one.

c. Dialectical-materialism provides the theoretical and methodological tools to evaluate the causes, consequences, and solutions to environmental destruction – failure to challenge the status quo socio-economic systems of governance and production will result in extinction
Foster, 2k11
John Bellamy, Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Capitalism and the Accumulation of Catastrophe, Monthly Review, December 2011
The argument that I have advanced up to this point suggests that ecological science can
AND
—giving birth to a historic movement to reverse the course of destruction.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their framing of knowledge leads to a view of the third world as a purely discursive project, only examining the knowledge power nexis.  This actively works to exclude questions of material conditions
Pandey in 2k6 (Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forgin bonds with women, nature and the third world:  an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest) 261-262
While this case-study shows the value of a post-positivist epistemological basis
AND
is clearly in connecting with the existing material reality of the real people.

The alt fails – fascist ideology
Wolin 1996, Richard, “LEFT FASCISM: GEORGES BATAILLE AND THE GERMAN IDEOLOGY,”  Constellations 2.3, 404-5, google
Bataille’s conceptual orientation is far from sui generis. The key positions he adopts:
AND
Valois, Drieu - that would culminate in the infamous experiment of Vichy.

Data contracts the assertions of the aff about the way unproductive expenditure operates
Olson 94 (Carl, Professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Allegheny College, “Eroticism, violence, and sacrifice: A postmodern theory of religion and ritual,” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 6.3, p. 237-238, 241-248)
4. Eroticism and death Without giving any historical proof for his position, Bataille
AND
-being rather than stressing the differences between the sacrificial victim and society.

Bataille’s theory is historically inaccurate– Politics of sacrifice only recreate exclusionary power relations
Wolin 4 (Richard, Distinguished Professor of History at the City University of New York Graduate Center, “The Seduction of Unreason”, Pg. 102-103)

But problems exist with Bataille's use of ethnographic literature on sacrifice and the gift.
AND
, it is fully implicated in the production and reproduction of social power.

Bataille is outdated – Modern capitalism is already based on expenditure without reserve – They reify the system
Yang 2K (Mayfair Mei-hui, Professor of Anthropology at the University of California Santa Barbara, has held fellowships at the Center for Chinese Studies of the University of Michigan, the Chicago Humanities Institute, University of Chicago, and the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, “Putting Global Capitalism in Its Place: Economic Hybridity, Bataille, and Ritual Expenditure,” Current Anthropology, University of Chicago Journals)
Scholars such as Jean-Joseph Goux (1998) have pointed to a troubling
AND
capitalism, whose contours have only become clear since his death in 1962.

Unproductive expenditure is a key element of fascist ideology – leads to war
Wolin 1996, Richard, “LEFT FASCISM: GEORGES BATAILLE AND THE GERMAN IDEOLOGY,”  Constellations 2.3, 404-5, google
In Bataille’s understanding, the dialectic of enlightenment promotes the value-ideals of a
AND
life that are on this account viewed in a quasi-utopian light.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2NC F/L

1. K outweighs case –

c. Probability – the impact is structurally inevitable as long as capitalist production continues
O’Connor, Professor in Economic Science at the Université de Versailles, 94
(Martin, Is Capitalism Sustainable pg. 3)
With the collapse of the Soviet hegemony and the Eastern bloc communism the ascendancy of
AND
the commitment to critical analysis, and sometimes the analysis tempers the hope.

2. K turns case –

a. Ethics – Zizek and Daly in 4 indicates that we have an ethical obligation to reject capitalist exploitation for a few reasons,
First, the impact is literally incalculable within current economic rationale, degraded life chances and lost opportunities implicate the affirmatives value to life arguments
Second, the lack of basic resources, food, and material poverty enables and magnifies every form of oppression and violence
Third, this constitutive violence is disavowed and concealed through the operation of capitalism insofar as it is seen as the result of discrete subjective causes

Turns Case – Ontology

The colonization of the globe by capital results in the ontological erasure of the Third and Fourth World and Indigenous Peoples.
Kato in 93
Masahide; Dept of Poli Sci @ U of Hawaii; Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze; Alternatives 18
Thus dissolution between self and matter via technosubjectivity
demarcates the disappearance of the notion
AND
violence
against the Third World, Fourth World, and Indigenous Peoples.

2NC F/L

Our method is key to access agency in the face of historical progress and animate revolutionary struggles against class oppression and exploitation
McNALLY 1993, DAVID “E P Thompson: class struggle and historical materialism,” INTERNATIONAL SOCIALISM JOURNAL 61, Winter, online
There is a danger that in making these criticisms I will lead some to the
AND
E P Thompson, and much that deserves to be affirmed and renewed.

Dialectical materialism is the only sustainable way to stop political paralysis.  Their belief in pure subjectivity separates us from the backdrop of capitalism that determines that subjectivity, making paralysis inevitable.
Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
The practical danger of every such dualism shows itself in the loss of any directive
AND
the interests of the movement as a whole" 23-24

Alt = Less Production

The only way to avoid ecological collapse is to sharply limit production which impossible under capitalism
Smith in 2011(Richard, Institute for Policy Research and Development, “Green Capitalism: the god that failed”, real-world economics review, issue no. 56)
The seeming exception to the dismal trends reviewed above proves the rule: CEO Ray
AND
consumption – all of which is certainly doable, but impossible under capitalism.

Base/SS Model

Economic base controls the development of social and cultural superstructure – even those superstructural changes that do implicate the base are predicated on stabilizing and maintaining the existing relations of production – this means only the alt solves the aff
FARRELLY 2011, COLIN, “Patriarchy and Historical Materialism,” Hypatia 26.1 (Winter, 2011), google scholar
The canonical statement of Marx’s synchronic materialism is the famous base/ superstructure metaphor described
AND
important need when manufacturing technologies exist, but jeopardizes production in agrarian societies. 

This proves that the aff can’t solve talk about it

Even if they win that economics don’t explain all oppression, class must be the point of departure-even if it doesn’t explain all theories of oppression, it exacerbates them.  Even in a world where all non-class oppression is eliminated, capital exploitation could continue.  Only universal struggle solves.
Holmstrom in 97 (Nancy, Professor Emeritus Department of Philosophy at Rutgers, Renewing Historical Materialism, Solidarity, http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2198)
Defending Marxism against the frequent criticism that it "privileges" (i.e
AND
theory and practice of a more universal form than current identity politics provides.

AT: Alt Fails – Ethics Key

Even if they win the alt fails –you must act as if the revolution was successful – that opens the space for radical human freedom. This is the only ethical option.
Zizek in 2k4
(Slavoj; prof philo @ U of Ljubljana; “Repeating Lenin”; http://www.lacan.com/replenin.htm/ )

Which, then, is the criterion of the political act? Success as such
AND
it were ITS OWN ONTOLOGICAL PROOF, an immediate index of its own truth

Method Key – General

Capitalism encloses all social and spatial relations – there is no radical outside, one is either complicit with material structures of domination or critical of that system.
Micocci in 9
Andrea; The Metaphysics of Capitalism; p. 2
The thesis of this book is that the theoretical equality of all men vis-
AND
find the theoretical explanation I shall argue in this book the definitive one. 

There is no space outside of capital with which to reassert a new ontology of identity-only democratic collectivity’s refusal to be identified can shatter the sustaining logic of capitalism
Noah De Lissovoy in 08 Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 19, Issue 1, 2008  Capitalism Nature Socialism Volume 19, Issue 1, 2008,  Dialectic of Emergency/Emergency of the Dialectic
Without a true distinction between inside and outside, there is no inner space of
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sources of identity” and are instead rearticulated on a global terrain.31

There can be no synthesis between our methodological perspectives-abandoning the position of totality in favor of fragmented, isolated consciousness inevitably means an abandonment of the conditions needed for revolution
Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
Rosa Luxemburg's major work The Accumulation of Capital takes up the problem at this juncture
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and his successors, the bourgeois vulgar economists. 29-30

Class Focus Key

Class consciousness must be the starting point, and it can only work with the dialectical method-their abandonment of the totality of economic relations dooms any revolutionary practice to failure
Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness)
Class consciousness is the 'ethics* of the proletariat, the unity of its theory
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fruition in our deeds and through our deeds. p42-43

Class is the driver of all social and existential conditions – even desire is determined by our material class conditions. Only emancipation from the status quo modes of production can enact any form of human freedom
Ebert and Zavarzadeh in 2008(Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Mas’ud, prolific writer and expert on class ideology, “Class in Culture”, p.ix-xii)
Class is everywhere and nowhere. It is the most decisive condition of social life
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Marx put it, "estranges the species from man" (276).

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
AT Permutation

2. The aff and the alt are mutually exclusive methodologies – this is a debate about how to go about challenging capitalism, the aff merely modifies the existing system while the alternative creates an entirely new system. The impact is cooption.
Luxemburg in 99
Rosa; Marxist theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary for the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, the German SPD, the Independent Social Democratic Party and the Communist Party of Germany; Reform or Revolution; http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/ch08.htm
Legislative reform and revolution are not different methods of historic development that can be picked
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the suppression of the abuses of capitalism instead of suppression of capitalism itself.

3. Perm can’t solve – focus on the aff trades off with challenging economic exploitation.
Ebert in 95, (Teresa L., English, State University of New York, Albany, Rethinking Marxism
Association for Economic and Social Analysis, vol 8 no 2, The Knowable Good--Post-al Ethics,
the Question of Justice and Red Feminism, index found here, http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/gr/gsce/d/rm.htm#95, article here, http://www.geocities.com/redtheory/AO/AOVol5-1RedFeminism.html )
What is of primary concern in anarchic-ludic politics is not so much "
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is "radical democracy" that is the outcome of an eschatological historiography.

4. Permutation still links – including any part of the affirmative risks tainting our historical materialist struggles with the distraction of aesthetic judgement and discourse which allows capitalism to diffuse the struggle and prevent its operation by satisfying different groups within the revolutionary struggle one at a time with small concessions. Or vapid forms of resistance.

5. Their Adams evidence isn’t even aff perm evidence its about Anzaldua and Friedman
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unity in favor of what it believes to be aporias of that system.

AT Link Turn

1. The link only goes one way – engaging in discursive and identity based resistance distracts from the universal character of economic domination. Without any ability to discern between competing identities or form at least a contigent form of truth based on the material relations of production one cannot even begin to mount a challenge to capitalism. Rather, the result is only small modifications on the surface of capitalism which conceal the causes of exploitation and enable capitalist elites to fill in and coopt any liberatory possibilities

Wolin 1996, Richard, “LEFT FASCISM: GEORGES BATAILLE AND THE GERMAN IDEOLOGY,”  Constellations 2.3, 404-5, google
In Bataille’s understanding, the dialectic of enlightenment promotes the value-ideals of a
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life that are on this account viewed in a quasi-utopian light.