Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. The term substantial is too vague to be used in policy debates
Nagin, 2004
(Stephen E., Attorney for Respondents before the Federal Trade Comission: Basic Research, A.G. Waterhouse, Klein-Becker USA, Nutrasport, SÖVAGE DERMALOGIC LABORATORIES, Ban, Dennis Gay, Daniel B. Mowrey, “United states of America Before Federal Trade Commission,” June 28, http://www.ftc.gov/os/adjpro/d9318/040628respmodefinitestmnt.pdf)
The Commission’s failure to define the term “substantial” when used in connection with  
AND
to be meaningless to doctors, lay people and prosecutors alike.’”).

b. this is a voting issue

1. ground – it’s impossible to know what the plan means, and the heart of the controversy on this topic is not energy production but rather the amount of incentives used.
   AP, 2005 (Building industry, utilities oppose solar bill; lexis)
   Sen. Kevin Murray, D-Culver City, who is carrying incentive legislation
   AND
   that it said are just as effective at a fraction of the cost. 

2. no solvency – Nagin says the plan would be declared unconstitutional and congress can’t override the courts.

3. 2AC clarification is a voting issue – it’s a post hoc rationalization intended only to moot our 1NC offense.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The 1ac leaves unchallenged the referent object of security - not only is the impact extinction, but this makes warfare, threat construction and human insecurity inevitable, turning the aff. Be suspect of their specific scenarios - national security is a ploy used by security elites to leave citizens in a constant state of fear.
Lal 7  - Master of Arts in International Relations (Preerna, 2007, http://gwu.academia.edu/PrernaLal/Papers/646118/Critical_Security_Studies_Deconstructing_the_National_Security_State)
Under the lens of critical theory, there are many problems with the current framework
AND
discourse by the state, which constructs and perpetuates state identity and existence.

The affirmatives depiction of an enemy on the horizon is not a legitimate threat to world order.  Rather, it is a construction created by the psychotic void in US militarism after the failures of wars-past.  Feeding this psychosis makes enemy construction inevitable as we fearlessly deploy our troops and nuclear weapons from one villain to another
Shapiro, critical international relations theorist and a professor of Political Science at the University of Hawaii. 1993. Michael j. “That obscure object of violence: Logistic and Desire in the Gulf War” The political subject of violence p.126-130   
Within a Lacanian frame, the objects of desire are substitutable signs related to the
AND
subjectivity pursuing it, a subjectivity that lacks a reflective rapport with itself.

The 'threats' are not 'out there' as the 1AC wants you to believe - they are right here. Our alternative is grass-roots citizen activism - we must make the people, not the state, the referent object of security.
Lal 7  - Master of Arts in International Relations (Preerna, 2007, http://gwu.academia.edu/PrernaLal/Papers/646118/Critical_Security_Studies_Deconstructing_the_National_Security_State)
Throughout this paper, we have seen cases of how national security is an antonym
AND
the state as the referent object of security and moving towards human emancipation.

As an intellectual, you must reject the specific policies which embody the security paradigm.
Burke 02 (Anthony, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Alternatives 27)
 It is perhaps easy to become despondent, but as countless struggles for freedom
AND
is a world after security, and what its shimmering possibilities might be.  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Counterplan: The United States Federal Government should provide substantial market-fixed production cost incentives for domestic energy production of heavy-water small modular nuclear reactors.

Light water reactors require enrichment facilities that just as easily can be used for nuclear weapons, causing proliferation.
Ecoperspectives 2008 (Uranium Enrichment Project, August 14, 2008, http://www.earthisland.org/yggdrasil/uep.html)
For much the same reasons as in 1999-2002, plus very obvious problems
AND
uranium 238, passes through the diffusion membranes slightly faster than uranium 238. 

Light water reactors are proliferation risks.
Gilinsky et al. 04 (Victor, Marvin Miller, Harmon Hubbard, The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, A FRESH EXAMINATION OF THE PROLIFERATION DANGERS OF LIGHT WATER REACTORS, October 22, 2004, http://www.npec-web.org/Frameset.asp?PageType=SingleandPDFFile=Report041022%20LWRandPDFFolder=Reports) 

The report details how fresh and spent LWR fuel can be used to accelerate a
AND
, is similar to that of devices made of pure weapons grade plutonium. 

Heavy water reactors don’t require enrichment.
Mozley 98 (Robert Fred, associate director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, The Politics and Technology of Nuclear Proliferation, pg 48 - 49) 

The CANDU reactor, the Canadian deuterium-moderated reactor, is of very different
AND
can be maintained safely, despite the large size of the whole structure.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Financial incentives are grants or loans—government purchases are distinct.
Czinkota et al 9—Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University, Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books
Incentives offered by policymakers to facilitate AND , and investments in infrastructure facilities.

Vote neg

Limits—government procurement allows tons of new affs dealing with the military, government research facilities and almost any government service, this explodes the topic making deep debate and predictable ground impossible.

Ground—most topic arguments assume a private-sector based increase in energy production like investment tradeoffs, environmental DAs or condition the company CPs, government procurement dodges all these. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Renewables transition now.
Leonhardt 12—David Leonhardt is the Washington bureau chief of The New York Times, There’s Still Hope for the Planet, NYT, 7-22
Behind the scenes, however, AND Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, Calif.

Nuclear power trades off with alternative energy.
Cochran and Paine 9—Thomas B. Cochran, Ph.D.   Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program,   and   Christopher E. Paine   Director, Nuclear Program   Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. on   Nuclear Energy Developments   Before the   Committee on Energy and Natural Resources   United States Senate   Washington, D.C.   March 18, 2009   Natural Resources Defense Council,
This Committee should reject any broader AND
environmental impacts and a marginal cost of generation less than nuclear   power. 

Only alternatives solve electricity price spikes and warming.
Madsen et al 9—Travis Madsen and Tony Dutzik of Frontier Group,  Bernadette Del Chiaro and Rob Sargent of Environment America Research and Policy Center, Generating Failure, Environment America, November, http://www.environmentamericacenter.org/sites/environment/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web.pdf
Choosing to Build New Reactors Would AND – which nuclear power cannot offer.

High electricity prices collapse growth
Bourne 11— Executive Director for the American Energy Freedom Center, Alexandra, American Energy Freedom: The Basis for Economic Recovery, Heritage Foundation, 5-31
Abstract: Electricity is the lifeblood AND , and send American jobs abroad.

Nuclear war.
Baru 9–Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore, Sanjaya, Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, 33.2, p. 163-8
In the modern era, the AND today’s America remains to be seen.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Double bind – Either the harms to the 1AC are true and they cannot solve for extinction before they control the levers of power OR their harms are constructed for the purpose of alarmism which makes them symbolic terrorists.

Shotgun Kuwasara – we read the conclusion to his article: even if some predictions are good, Apocalyptic predictions make serial policy failure inevitable
Kurasawa 4 – Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight”, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa%20Articles/Constellations%20Article.pdf
Up to this point, I AND the precautionary principle and global justice. 

The alternative is to reject the apocalyptic frames of the 1AC

Even if the rational arguments in favor of the plan are logical, the representations of apocalypse colonize the debate towards pressure for fast invasion and warmongering
Goodnight 2010 (G. Thomas Goodnight is Professor and Director of Doctoral Studies at the Annenberg School for Communication, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles; "The Metapolitics of the 2002 Iraq Debate: Public Policy and the Network Imaginary", Rhetoric and Public Affairs Volume 13, Number 1, Spring 2010)
Opponents of the Democratic Party argued AND -first-century network imaginaries.

Beginning at the level of the individual is key to prevent the culture of fear.  Fear is not solely instilled by the state upon its people, but rather is initiated and reproduced by civil society
Bell 2007 (Daniel M., Associate Professor of Theological Ethics, Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary, Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory, JCRT 8.2 SPRING 2007 55,d  http://www.jcrt.org/archives/08.2/)
There is yet another lesson to AND communities and children and so forth.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Constraints on hegemony will force peaceful drawdown of commitments – solves great power wars.
MacDonald and Parent 11 – Asst Prof. of PoliSci @ Williams College and Parent, Asst Prof. PoliSci @ U of Miami, Paul and Joseph, “Graceful Decline?” International Security, 35.4, Project MUSE
Implications for Sino-U.AND of power transitions and hegemonic change.

Unipolarity makes nuclear proliferation and conflict more likely and results in balancing instead of bandwagoning.
Monteiro 12 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University (Nuno P., Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is not Peaceful, International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3, Winter 2011/2012, p. 9-40, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00064)
A unipole carrying out a defensiveAND , to which I turn next.

Retrenchment prevents extended deterrence breakdowns and nuclear war with Russia.
Bandow 2009 -  Senior Fellow @ Cato Institute and Former Special Adviser to Reagan, Doug, “More Friends, More War”, Cato Institute, July 13, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=10348
Today, however, Washington hands AND to be on the United States.

Withdrawal won’t cause Asian war—China won’t be expansionist.
Glaser, PhD Prof PoliSci @ George Washington U, 2011
Charles, “Will China’s Rise Lead to War?”, Foreign Affairs, 90.2
Some realist pessimists argue that in AND would be both unnecessary and infeasible.

Hegemony destroys effective institutions global public goods.  
Ikenberry et al 9 - G. John Ikenberry is a professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University, Michael Mastanduno is a professor of government and associate dean for social sciences at Dartmouth College, William C. Wohlforth is a professor of government at Dartmouth College, “Unipolarity, State Behavior, and Systemic Consequences”, World Politics, 61.1, Jan, MUSE
Unipolarity and Revisionism: Is the AND the actual pursuit of private goods.

Extinction.
DC 4 – Magazine for Development and Cooperation, funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Where Markets Fail, March, http://www.inwent.org/E+Z/content/archive-eng/03-2004/edit_art1.html
There are also public goods at AND how successful they might turn out.

Retrenchment creates a concert of power – solves regional conflict.
Lind 7- JD, Guest Lecturer @ Harvard, Sr Fellow @ New America foundation, “Beyond American Hegemony”, New America Foundation, May, http://www.newamerica.net/publications/articles/2007/beyond_american_hegemony_5381
A concert-of-power AND anarchy and aggression by lesser states.

Even if wars happen under multipolarity, they stay limited.
Lind 2006 – JD, Guest Lecturer @ Harvard, President of the New America Foundation, Michael, The American Way of Strategy, p. 212-3
The geopolitical reason for a doctrine AND of society in a brittle world.

Collapse of hegemony won’t cause war – the international order is resilient.
Snyder 9 – U Maralynd Dept of Politics, Quddus Z. Snyder, Systemic Theory in an Era of Declining US Hegemony, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/irworkshop/papers_fall09/snyder.pdf
Systemic theory is premised on the AND experiment of epic proportions is  unfolding. 

This outweighs security interests
Snyder 9 – U Maralynd Dept of Politics, Quddus Z. Snyder, Systemic Theory in an Era of Declining US Hegemony, www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/irworkshop/papers_fall09/snyder.pdf
Let us begin by stating that AND reproduction of the dominant commercial order.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
NOTE: WE ARE NOT MESSING AROUND WITH THIS ARGUMENT.

Our interpretation is the affirmative must specify in the 1AC in the plan text the precise incentives the plan provides

a.) Substantial is meaningful
WordNet, 6  (WordNet® 3.0, © 2006 by Princeton University.
Dictionary.reference.com/ browse/substantial
Substantial, adjective
 2. having a firm AND or considerable; "substantial equivalents" 

b.) Increase requires specification
OED, 89 (Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Online through Emory)
increase, v.
3. To become greater in AND ; to grow or advance in.

c.) Incentive implies a particular mechanism
Marbek Resource Consultants, 06 (Report prepared for the  Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment “NATIONAL EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) WORKSHOP,” 9/27, http://www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/epr_wkshp_rpt_1376_e.pdf
There were numerous suggestions for specific AND implies a particular mechanism (#1). 

Violation, the affirmative does not specify the solar incentives to be provided
And “Necessary” is a nondescript term, placing it in the law absent a clear definition causes legal fights, misunderstanding, and refusal to ever clarify
Marie Lubiniecki Canadian College of Health Leaders Examining the term “Medically Necessary” in Health Services Policy and Governance ¶ CHE Self Directed Learning Paper #1 28 March 2011

The Canada Health Act (CHAAND at all (Charles et al).

Reasons to prefer:
Aff conditionality- “necessary” incentives does not mean more incentives, the aff could clarify in the 2ac necessary subsidies means less solar incentives crushing all aff link and CP ground  
No solvency- doesn’t mix burden, aff’s vague wording is empirically misunderstood and difficult to legally enforce, vote neg on presumption
Non-specification means no solvency – details are key
Mondaq, 2005 ("The Next Wave: Developing Markets in Renewable Energy."; lexis)
Renewable energy programs continue to evolveAND this new world of renewable energy.

Neg offense-
the aff can always specify their vague incentive as sufficient to solve any specific solvency deficit we read
a. ground – it’s impossible to know what the plan means, and the heart of the controversy on this topic is not energy production but rather the amount of incentives used.
AP, 2005 (Building industry, utilities oppose solar bill; lexis)
Sen. Kevin Murray, DAND at a fraction of the cost. 

C. Education - their interpretation reduces the resolution to an abstract discussion of alternative energy good/bad.  This shirks the most important question of how to achieve that goal.
Wayne Law Review, 2007 (TAX CREDITS AVAILABLE UNDER THE MICHIGAN BUSINESS TAX; LEXIS)
This article provides a summary of AND the activity that generates the credit.

Voter for fairness – reject the team because the damage is already done

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should provide necessary financial incentives for locally-planned solar energy production.

The demarcation of community is an act of setting boundaries for exclusion—the maintenance of communities requires defense of borders keeping outsiders out
Calderwood, ’00  Patricia E. Calderwood, Assistant professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Fairfield University. “When Community Fails to Transform: Raveling and Unraveling a “Community of Writers”” The Urban Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2000
The root of the term community AND membership within community must be learned.  

The power to identify community bounds is the power to exclude and individuals can be systematically devalued
Calderwood, ’00  Patricia E. Calderwood, Assistant professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Fairfield University. “When Community Fails to Transform: Raveling and Unraveling a “Community of Writers”” The Urban Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2000
As Hillary (1986) and AND ebb and flow of social relations. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Decentralized politics form possibilities but the plan is a certainty – regardless of the process which results in the plan, it stands as a transcendent monument to the future goals of the movement.  Because the plan dictates what the possible outcomes of localized politics can and cannot be, it has already sacrificed the ability to think creatively which is necessary to overcome the states attempt at counter-revolution
Goddard in 2k6 (July 6th, 2006: The Encounter between Guattari and Berandi and the Post – Modern Era “Felix and Alice in Wonderland”; http://www.generation-online.org/p/fpbifo1.htm)
What this type of radio achieved AND to outline projections of societal change.”

Pre-determined research methods shut down the radical possibilities of our encounters.
We instead invite the “Unexpected and Unpredictable: Learning from Being Lost”
Pearce 2008 (Jenny Pearce, International Centre for Participation Studies/Department of Peace Studies at University of Bradford; “We Make Progress Because We are Lost: Critical Reflections on Co Producing Knowledge as a Methodology for Researching Non governmental Public Action” eprints.ncrm.ac.uk)

Co-production of knowledge is AND those who can best use them.

The plan is a form of passive affections which disconnects agency from action – the 1AC understanding of agency creates a slave-ontology which replicates oppression and prevents liberatory politics
Smith 1998 (Daniel W. Prof at Grimmell “The Place of Ethics in Deleuze’s Philosophy”; New Mappings in Politics, Philosophy and Culture)
2. How is a mode AND leads us to a third question.

The experiences suppressed by the status quo are their own justification.
Suspending the finality of the 1AC plan Builds Affective Capacities for Political Engagement.
Leet 2002 Gender Modified*(Martin Leet, Research Fellow in International Studies at The University  of Queensland; “After-effects of Knowledge: Dogmatic Retreats and Sceptical Adventures” Critical Horizons 3:2)
 As with respect to natureAND to become  detached  from one’s surroundings.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The affirmative’s discussion of policy is based on a positivist mode of “knowing” China. China is not something that we stand back and observe- this constructs a mode of thought that can only relate to China as a threat.
Pan, PhD degree in Political Science and International Relations from the Australian National University, 2K4 Chengxin, The "China Threat" in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 29, 2004
 China and its relationship with the United States has long AND for international politics. (5) It is in this context that this article seeks to make a contribution.

Threat theory makes containment and nuclear war inevitable- it influences policymaker’s suspicions of China’s intentions and causes massive arms buildups. Only a rejection of the positivist epistemology can foster a sustainable relationship
Pan, PhD degree in Political Science and International Relations from the Australian National University, 2K4 Chengxin, , Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 29, 2004

Not only does this reductionist representation AND  might become possible.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff’s use of environmental crisis rhetoric causes eco-authoritarianism and political apathy---turns the case
Buell 3 (Frederick—cultural critic on the environmental crisis and a Professor of English at Queens College and the author of five books,  From Apocalypse To Way of Life, pages 185-186)
Looked at critically, then, crisis discourse thus suffers
AND
cut off ties to clearly  terminal “nature.”

Causes extinction in the name of resource protection
Ahmed 2012 Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), an independent think tank focused on the study of violent conflict, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace and Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis
Under traditional neorealist logic, a strategic response to
AND
despite the obvious rationale to do so in the name of warding off collective destruction, if not planetary annihilation?61

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Proliferation is stabilizing—reduces the frequency and intensity of war, data proves.
Sechser 9—Prof @ U of Virginia, Todd, , “The Stabilizing Effects of Nuclear Proliferation”, Controversies in Globalization: Contending Approaches to International Relations, http://faculty.virginia.edu/tsechser/Sechser-Haas-2009.pdf
PROL IFERATION AND THE HISTORICAL RECORD AND and eventually the challenger backed down.

New proliferators will build uniquely small and stable arsenals.
Seng 98—PhD U of Chicago, Jordan, Strategy for Pandora’s Children, p. 235-7
CONCLUSION: ADVANTAGES VS. DISADVANTAGES
We cannot properly evaluate command and AND Third World proliferators are very good.

Economic constraints means prolif will be slow and arsenals small.
Seng 98—PhD U of Chicago, Jordan, Strategy for Pandora’s Children, p. 79-82
Several of the points made in AND at greater length in subsequent chapters,

Nuclear weapons solve all war—conventional conflict outweighs.
Preston 7—Associate professor of international relations in the Department of Political Science at Washington State University, Thomas, From Lambs to Lions, p. 31-2
Advocates of deterrence seldom take the AND al. 2001, 28).3 

Solving prolif causes a shift to bioweapons—only this creates effective weapons.
Zilinskas 2K—Former Clinical Microbiologist. Dir. – Chem/Bio Weapons Nonproliferation Program – Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Raymond, Biological warfare: modern offense and defense, 1-2
It is an odd characteristic of AND form of weapon of mass destruction. 

Even if nukes are used, it won’t escalate.
Quinlan 9 - Former Permanent Under-Sec. State – UK Ministry of Defense, Michael, “Thinking about Nuclear Weapons: Principles, Problems, Prospects”, p. 63-5
There are good reasons for fearing AND , as its leaders would know.

Proliferation is key to long-term international cooperation.
Alagappa 8—Muthiah, Distinguished Senior Fellow, East-West Center. PhD, International Affairs, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, 484)
The fear of escalation to nuclear AND they occur tend to be limited.

Extinction.
DC 4 – Magazine for Development and Cooperation, funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Where Markets Fail, March, http://www.inwent.org/E+Z/content/archive-eng/03-2004/edit_art1.html
There are also public goods at AND how successful they might turn out.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The 1AC criticism is conditioned upon a predetermined yardstick to measure the value of their critique. The affirmative judges their strategy against the criteria established by their impact calculus. Specifically, the imperative to determine so-called proper forms of technology.
This imperative to operate along a yardstick to measure politics is complicit with disciplinary regimes that prevent transformative politics.  
Pavlich 2005 (George, Professor of Sociology  University of Alberta,  Law and Critique (2005) 16: 95–112)
Critique and criticism are thus elemental AND immediate (judgemental) past.23  

Is this a judgment against judgment? Perhaps, But We Do NOT Offer External Criteria Against Which to Judge the 1AC. We Instead Test the 1AC’s Coherence—Discerning an Implicit Double Turn:
They deploy normative utilitarian judgment against judgments of utilitarian normativity. 

Judgment is not the only alternative. Critique’s Etymology Opens Up the possibility to judge but also to separate, discern, select, and decide.  

“Divide the 1AC Into Two Piles.
Welcome the 1AC’s Imperative to Overcome the Limitations of Status Quo Approaches to Ontology and open ourselves to new ways of ontological being in the world. Set Aside the 1AC Impact Calculus as Justification for their Advocacy.”

Pavlich Continues:
This predicament provides unique opportunities for AND move beyond judgemental grammars of critique.

The experiences suppressed by the status quo are their own justification.
Suspending Judgment on 1AC Criteria Builds Affective Capacities for Political Engagement.
Leet 2002 Gender Modified*(Martin Leet, Research Fellow in International Studies at The University  of Queensland; “After-effects of Knowledge: Dogmatic Retreats and Sceptical Adventures” Critical Horizons 3:2)
 As with respect to natureAND to become  detached  from one’s surroundings.

Pre-determined research methods shut down the radical possibilities of our encounters.
We instead invite the “Unexpected and Unpredictable: Learning from Being Lost”
Pearce 2008 (Jenny Pearce, International Centre for Participation Studies/Department of Peace Studies at University of Bradford; “We Make Progress Because We are Lost: Critical Reflections on Co Producing Knowledge as a Methodology for Researching Non governmental Public Action” eprints.ncrm.ac.uk)

Co-production of knowledge is AND those who can best use them.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The 1AC begins with the wrong starting point:

1. Directing our policies and desires towards the state prevents change and recreates oppression, turns the case.  
   Holloway, 2010 (John, Professor in the Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades of the Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla in Mexico, Crack Capitalism, 60-61)

But then what do we say AND at the core of this movement.

2. In response to their assertion that we are stuck between a choice of either efficient, dirty, fossil fuels, and cleanly inefficient solar, we affirm neither.  
We do not affirm existing energy, but rather an energy to come.  We plant the seeds for new ways of perceiving both energy and ecology.  
Tinnell, 11(Department of English, University of Florida, John, The Fibreculture Journal, issue 18 2011, FCJ-121 Transversalising the Ecological Turn: Four Components of Felix Guattari’s Ecosophical Perspective, http://eighteen.fibreculturejournal.org/2011/10/09/fcj-121-transversalising-the-ecological-turn-four-components-of-felix-guattari%E2%80%99s-ecosophical-perspective/)

Transversality, as can be surmised AND eco-humanities yet to come.

3.  The affirmative’s production-oriented approach to environmental degradation is unethical and legitimates unending consumption patterns
Princen 2 – Professor of Natural Resources @ U of Michigan
Thomas, Associate Professor of Natural AND but cautious consuming is better.7

Our Alternative:
We affirm a DISSENSUS politics – acting ethically and ecologically without central leadership, not directly opposed to the state or its economic powers, but outside of the state entirely.  We advocate a localized, ground-up, ecological movement that has no need for top-down assistance
Pindar and Sutton 2000 (Ian Pindar and Paul Sutton; Translators Introduction to The Three Ecologies.  Pindar reviews regularly for the Guardian, the Times Literary Supplement and the London Review of Books: Sutton is an Ecosophist and has a PhD in ecology; pp. 12-15)
Nevertheless, an expenditure of work AND are all stranded on Spaceship Earth.

Refuse the permutation in order to keep the BAN in place – we must not chase after the state but act IRRESPECTIVE of its policies – only our method can solve the aff
Holloway, 2010 (John, Professor in the Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades of the Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla in Mexico, Crack Capitalism, 49-50)

Cracks break with the logic of AND the social synthesis of capitalist society.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The first Link is The Biological fallacy. The 1ac conflates 'life' with 'organism' - makes collapse of the ecosphere inevitable, turning the aff.
Rowe 96 — Stan Rowe, Professor Emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan, 1996 (“From Shallow To Deep Ecological Philosophy,” Trumpeter, Volume 13, Number 1, Available Online at fhttp://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/278/413, Accessed 07-26-2011)
Organisms can be “alive” AND the very roots of evolutionary creativity. 

The next link is Daesin - human extinction is terminally inevitable, and there is no 'authentic relationship with Being' they forstall an encounter with Otherness. Ontology is not the primary question for this round, ethics is.
Clark 10
(NIGEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN GEOGRAPHY @ OPEN UNIVERSITY, UK, PARALLAX, VOL. 16, NO. 1, OPEN RESEARCH ONLINE, “EX-ORBITANT GENEROSITY: GIFTS OF LOVE IN A COLD COSMOS,” HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/DOI:10.1080/13534640903478809, PG. 80-95)
In this way, desire or AND If not us, then who? 

Our alternative is an ethics of infinite hospitality, to recognize that the Other is beyond comprehension and to fling ourselves without fear at its 'mercy'– this is the only moral imperative.
Introna 10
(LUCAS, PROFESSOR OF ORGANIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS @ LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, AI and SOC, 2010, VOL. 25, “THE ‘MEASURE OF A MAN’ AND THE ETHOS OF HOSPITALITY: TOWARDS AN ETHICAL DWELLING WITH TECHNOLOGY,” PG. 93-102)
Instead of creating value systems in AND ). Is such a community possible?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Interpretation - the aff must remove a restriction that reduces efficiency on solar energy by at least 20%.
Caffrey 10 - Graduate from the University of New Mexico School of Law (Kristina, Fall 2010, SYMPOSIUM ON "THE WATER-ENERGY CONUNDRUM: WATER CONSTRAINTS ON NEW ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST" FEBRUARY 12, 2010, ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.: STUDENT ARTICLE: The House of the Rising Sun: Homeowners' Associations, Restrictive Covenants, Solar Panels, and the Contract Clause, Natural Resources Journal, LexisNexus)
The best parts of California's code AND resolve conflicts involving solar energy systems.

Violation - The aff removes only a minor hindrance to solar power, not a significant restriction.

Vote neg.

1.) Limits - They open the floodgates to an infinite number of minute restrictions, makes being negative impossible because the aff will always be more versed in irrelevant layers to U.S. solar power production.

2.) Ground - Gives them unpredictable advantage ground, makes generating disads impossible because their restrictions will always be miniscule. This aff should be neg-ground as a form of minor-repair.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should remove state restrictions on local wind and combined heat and power technology siting.  

Wind energy solves decentralization
Pierce 10 James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf
Our approach is grounded in a AND those capable of being sustained. 5

Wind is limited by siting restrictions now
AWEA 12 AWEA, American Wind Energy Association, “State Policy,” 2012, http://www.awea.org/issues/state_policy/index.cfm
Resolving wind power project siting issues AND for more resources on this topic.

Regulations blocking CHP now
Chittum and Kaufman, 11 Anna Chittum and Nate Kaufman, Challenges Facing Combined Heat and Power Today: A State-by-State Assessment September 2011,  Report Number IE111, http://www.uschpa.org/files/public/ie111.pdf
Combined heat and power (CHPAND inhibit  greater  CHP deployment across the country

CHP is good and solves the aff
EPA 12 EPA, “Combined Heat and Power Partnership,” 9/12/12, http://www.epa.gov/chp/
Combined heat and power (CHPAND Read more basic information regarding CHP.

Solar is bad – toxic chemicals leak into groundwater
LA Times 9 (“Solar energy's darker side stirs concern”, 1/14/09, http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/14/business/fi-notsogreen14, vh)
Everybody loves solar, the shiny AND computers and other electronics.     

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Interpretation - a topical aff must remove restrictions intended to make energy production impossible 

A restriction is a limitation by statute
Burton’s Legal Thesaurus ‘7 (Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright © 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.)
restriction n. any limitation on AND statute, regulation or contract provision.
.
This is distinct from regulations which are to control economic entities through rulemaking
Energy Information Administration ’12
(Glossary of Terms, http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm)
Regulation:  The governmental function of AND the process of rulemaking and adjudication.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The affirmatives fixation with events outside of our control contributes to a culture of guilt feeding which turns life against itself.  Your death is inevitable and the actions of a federal government that you have no agency over will not save you.  The alternative to the 1ACs approach to politics is to affirm a rhizomatic politics which invigorates personal agency.
Deleuze and Guattari 1972, Anti-Oedipus, 330-39, Murray

But it seems that things are AND , "bring off" frustration.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The 1ac’s linear reductionist method undermines the reflexive resilience necessary for meaningful energy planning—False certainty brackets the complex systematic interactions between their predictions.
Snyder and Schwab 2012 (Neil Snyder-National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Amy Schwab-National Renewable Energy Laboratory APPROACHES FOR PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GROWTH IN A COMPLEX WORLD This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/54506.pdf)
Understanding the approaches used in the AND opportunities within emerging global energy systems.

The 1AC’s “linear logic, which suggests that if Activity A is done, Output B will result, leading to Outcome C and Impact D.”
paving over interactions between dozens of predictions—But THE WHOLE IS MORE THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS
Ramalingam et al 2008 (Ben, Senior Research Associate at the Overseas Development Institute,  and Harry jones at ODI, "Exploring the science of complexity" http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/833.pdf)
Concept 4: Nonlinearity5 ‘... the AND made up of the following variables:

PRIOR QUESTION: Can they justify how the 1AC constitutes policy relevant scholarship?
In particular, the 1AC appeals to a chain of internal-links— but is their way of connecting causal claims good predictive policymaking?
This paves over clashes of context and assumptions, transforming 1AC research into vacuous mush.
Berube 2000 (David M, Associate Professor of Speech Communication and Director of Debate at the University of South Carolina. Contemporary Argumentation and Debate 21: 53-73 http://www.cedadebate.org/CAD/index.php/CAD/article/viewFile/248/232)
The dead ends checked the authenticity AND be scrutinized with a critical lens.

This is a Voting Issue.
The method of evidence selection used by the 1AC makes effective debate impossible
Stevens 2007 (Alex Stevens, Senior Researcher-European Institute of Social Services, School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, Keynes College, University of Kent, “Survival of the Ideas that Fit: An Evolutionary Analogy for the Use of Evidence in Policy” Social Policy and Society 6:1, 25–35)
The proposed evolutionary analogy goes beyond AND solutions will be put into practice.

The PARADOX OF RISK makes this issue NOT resolvable by weighing the plan.
If impact is calculated by multiplying probability and magnitude, any probability of an infinite impact irrationally registers as infinite
Even the most absurd scenarios can gain plausibility. By constructing a chain of potentialities, improbable events are linked.
Kessler 2008 (Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232)
The problem of the second method AND can be assessed with relative certainty. 

The impact is existential risk is systemic, not a flash of instability to be predicted and controlled. The 1AC brackets the full complexity of crisis and the value questions behind their scenarios—Preventing the ADAPTATION and RESILIENCE necessary for a viable future.
Mangalagiu 2011 (Diana Mangalagiu, Prof of Strategy at Smith School of Enterprise and Environment-University of Oxford “Risk and resilience in times of globalization” An emerging research program for Global Systems Science: Assessing the state of the art, 10/4/11, http://www.gsdp.eu/)
The recent financial crisis highlights the AND knowledge and encompassing ambiguity and ignorance.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
For Ethnology, the descriptor of meaning serves only a negative purpose – empowering segregation and separation – allowing definition to work against the progress of ethnology. The 1AC begins with the wrong question – do not ask what it means, ask what it DOES.  They are trapped in passivity which is caught up in defining the world, we would rather know how it works.  
Deleuze and Guattari 72 (Anti-Oedipus, 179-181)

Given these conditions, what is AND to other breaks and other flows.

A schizophrenic out for a walk is a better model than a neurotic lying on the analyst's couch. A breath of fresh air, a relationship with the outside world. – That was Deleuze and Guattari from Anti-Oedipus.

We affirm an Affect of DOING which is mutually exclusive with the affirmatives Affect of FEELING. 

Deleuze and Guattari clarify in A Thousand Plateaus that “Affect is the active discharge of emotion, the counterattack la riposte, whereas feeling le sentiment is an always displaced, retarded, resisting emotion.”

Our affirmation of Affect is a description of what the body can DO, not what it can FEEL
Protevi 2010 (John Protevi is Professor of French Studies at Louisiana State University, “Rhythm and Cadence, Frenzy and March:  Music and the Geo-Bio-Techno-Affective Assemblages of Ancient Warfare”, Theory and Event)
Ontology of Affect—For Deleuze AND the polis/phalanx assemblage.9

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
When faced with the affirmatives method of poetic genealogy, we provide a counter-methodology.

You should endorse the 1ac from a dialectal method, not a poetic genealogical one.

Genealogy is only a worthwhile method if you lower your standards for acceptable history
Plamper, 2002 (Jan, Assistant professor of Russian History at the University of Tübingen, Germany, “Foucault’s Gulag,” Kritika, 3.2)
When situating the Gulag, Foucault AND in the Russian-Soviet context.  

Prefer a dialectical method – it is the only way to place specific events and concepts in the context of the evolution of capitalism and cultivate class consciousness
Ollman, 2003 (Bertell, professor of politics at NYU, Dance of the Dialectic: Steps in Marx’s Method, “Why Dialectics? Why Now?” http://www.nyu.edu/projects/ollman/books/dd.php)
Just how difficult it is to AND to make correct sense of Marxism. 

Racial and Sexist identity is EXPLICITLY LINKED with class domination.
Marsh 95
(James L., Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, Critique, Action, and Liberation p. 282-283 GAL)
Next, we must consider the question concerning the relationship among racism, sexism, and classism. A tendency now exists in leftist circles to talk about racism, sexism, and class domination as distinct, coequal forms of domination. Such a tendency is understandable in the light of the economism and reductionism of much of the Marxist left, but is finally not justified.
Three different models are possible hereAND not the same as precapitalist sexism. 

Capitalism is a life cycle, has resulted in the deaths of millions and renders these deaths invisible - it is the driving engine of structural violence today.
Herod 7 (James, Columbia U graduate and political activist, “Getting Free” Pg. 22-23 JF)
We must never forget that we AND is a terrible enemy we face. 

one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humanize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression
Tumino(Prof. English @ Pitt) 01
Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critiqu

Any effective political theory will have AND ") that masquerades as social theory.

Do not let the aff make a permutation -our methods are mutually exclusive in terms of starting points. While they start from the individual and resonate outward, we instead start from the historical time period and moving toward the individual to explain identity.
Ollman, 1993 (Bertell, professor of politics at NYU, Dialectical Investigations, “The Meanign of Dialectics,” http://www.nyu.edu/projects/ollman/books/di.php)
Besides a way of viewing the AND for the next series of investigations. 

Our dialectal understanding of class struggle can explain the construction of racialized identity.
Dander and Torres 99
A. Darder and R. Torres, 1999.Darder is a University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Professor of Educational Policy Studies and Latino/a Studies, Torres is Professor of Planning, Policy, and Design, Chicano/Latino Studies, and Political Science. “Shattering the Race Lens: Towards a Critical Theory of Racism.” Critical Ethnicity. P. 174-6
We work with AND class relations of power in society.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The 1ac is a continual fascination with 'that new technology' that furthers the American myth of growth and progress.
Graeber 12 - Phd in Anthropology, specializes in Social Anthropology (David, June 4th 2012, The Baffler No. 19, Of Flying Cars and the Declining Rate of Proift, http://www.thebaffler.com/past/of_flying_cars/)
At the turn of the millenniumAND endless play of images and surfaces.

The result of this fast growth is rampant militarism.
Graeber 12 - Phd in Anthropology, specializes in Social Anthropology (David, June 4th 2012, The Baffler No. 19, Of Flying Cars and the Declining Rate of Proift, http://www.thebaffler.com/past/of_flying_cars/)
Industrial capitalism has fostered an extremely AND year it was introduced: 1947.

The plan’s Nuclear tech optimism is epistemologically suspect – their scholarship is co-opted by the nuclear industry for economic gain – Accelerates the erasure of structural violence and nuclear racism
Byrne and Toley 6 (John – Head of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy – It’s a leading institution for interdisciplinary graduate education, research, and advocacy in energy and environmental policy – John is also a Distinguished Professor of Energy and Climate Policy at the University of Delaware – 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Toley – Directs the Urban Studies and Wheaton in Chicago programs - Selected to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs Emerging Leaders Program for 2011-2013 - expertise includes issues related to urban and environmental politics, global cities, and public policy, “Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse,” p. 1-32)
A second mega-energy idea AND (Byrne and Hoffman, 1996).

Our alternative is imagination freed of capitalist restraint - if the benefits of free energy are ever to be realized, they will not come out of market structures.
Graeber 12 - Phd in Anthropology, specializes in Social Anthropology (David, June 4th 2012, The Baffler No. 19, Of Flying Cars and the Declining Rate of Proift, http://www.thebaffler.com/past/of_flying_cars/)
That pretty much answers the question AND are the least likely to receive funding

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Interpretations

1.) Energy production is the conversion of resources into usable energy.
 DOE 80—Revised: An Analysis of Federal Incentives Used to Stimulate Energy Production, Feburary, http://www.scribd.com/doc/67538352/Federal-Incentives-for-Energy-Production-1980
Energy production is defined as the AND resource into a useful energy form.
2.) the resolution requires them to defend enactment of a topical USFG policy.
Ericson 3 Jon, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4
The Proposition of Policy: Urging AND the future action that you propose. 

Impacts

A. Limits—failure to adhere to the communal topic leaves one side unprepared, resulting in shallow and un-educational debate—a balanced controversy is key to decision-making skills.
Steinberg and Freeley 8 – Justin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, and David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, p. 43-45
Debate is a means of settling AND be outlined in the following discussion.

And Unlimited topics destroy participation.
Rowland 84 – Robert C., Baylor U., “Topic Selection in Debate”, American Forensics in Perspective. Ed. Parson, p. 53-4
The first major problem identified by AND small schools to cancel their programs. 

B. Switch-side debate—only our framework creates a form of education that improves critical thinking and prevents violent dogmatism.
Olbrys 6—Stephen Gencarella Olbrys (Ph.D., Indiana University, 2003) is Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of Massachusetts, Dissoi Logoi, Civic Friendship, and the Politics of Education, Communication Education, Vol. 55, No. 4, October 2006, pp. 353-369
Unlike the ABOR and Powell Memo, both AND
 of understanding and knowledge.

(_) Decision-making is the only portable skill—means framework turns case.
Steinberg and Freeley 8 – Justin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, and David L. Steinberg , Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, p. 9-10
Decision making is a thoughtful process AND  vote for our favored political candidate.

C. Policy deliberation key
There are federal STRUCTURES which impede natives, not only is this a TOPICAL VERSION of the aff, but their refusal to engage these structures makes it a disad to their interpretation.
Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)
Mirroring this desire, many tribes AND TERAs with the Secretary of Interior.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Left alone, traditional beliefs are incapable of dealing with diseases that threaten both human and indigenous animal populations.  Turns case - indigenous animal populations are cornerstones of most traditional cultures, losing sacred species would collapse the foundation of those cultures
Dudley and Woodford 2005 (Joseph P: EAI Corporation, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Earth Science, University of Alaska Museum. Michael H: Dr.Veterinary Medicine.  "Potential Impact of Biological Weapons on Biological Diversity and Indigenous Peoples in Asia" Asian Biotechnology and Development Review Vol. 8 No.1, pp 45-76, http://www.ris.org.in/article2_v8n1.pdf)

Traditional belief systems may hinder the AND until well into the twentieth century.

Indigenous populations are not divorced from the rest of the world - they are exposed to diseases and acid rain just like everyone else.  Relying on indigenous knowledge of these events makes them helpless in the face of destruction
Dudley and Woodford 2005 (Joseph P: EAI Corporation, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Earth Science, University of Alaska Museum. Michael H: Dr.Veterinary Medicine.  "Potential Impact of Biological Weapons on Biological Diversity and Indigenous Peoples in Asia" Asian Biotechnology and Development Review Vol. 8 No.1, pp 45-76, http://www.ris.org.in/article2_v8n1.pdf)

Despite their location within what were AND used for international travel and commerce.

Objective reality exists – epistemology is a fancy way of saying “no evidence”
Sokal, 1996 (Alan, professor of physics at New York University, “A Physicist Experiments with cultural Studies,” June 5, http://www.physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/lingua_franca_v4/lingua_franca_v4.html)
Why did I do it? AND the arguments to the purported conclusion.  

Global warming has put us on the brink of ecological disaster.  Rational environmentalism is the only solution, but the cause is plagued by romantic environmentalists who want to establish a new relationship with the land.  Now is a key time to fight the good fight using good old fashioned enlightenment metaphysics.
Hari 9
(johann, “move over Thoreau” slate jan 12 http://www.slate.com/id/2207168/)
The rational environmentalists  AND  going to be our last fad."

Their criticism gets redeployed by conservatives to justify pumping tons of CO2 into the atmosphere because we no longer have a scientific reason not to.
Wapner 3
Paul Wapner, associate professor and director of the Global Environmental Policy Program at American University. “Leftist Criticism of "Nature" Environmental Protection in a Postmodern Age,” Dissent Winter 2003 http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/archives/2003/wi03/wapner.htm
Leftist critiques of environmentalism start AND within the environmental movement itself. 

Alternative makes environmental destruction inevitable – specific, targetted forms of management like greenhouse gas regulationis critical to save ecosystems
Levy 99
Research Fellow, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (Neil, Discourses of the Environment, p 215, AG)

If the 'technological fix' is unlikely AND this planet, will be decided.

Skeletal deposits eventually cause carbon deficiency, technology and management are key to prevent extinction of all life everywhere
Ward, 2009 (Peter, Professor of biology and Earth and space sciences at the University of Washington and an astrobiologist with NASA, The Medea Hypothesis, 52-54)
Calcium is an important ingredient in AND the answer would be "certainly." 

Recognizing objective reality is key to political relevance, conservatives don’t have to listen to the alternative
Sokal, 1995 (Alan D., professor of physics at New York University, “Transgressing the Boundaries: An Afterword,” http://physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/afterword_v1a/afterword_v1a_singlefile.html)
Likewise, Eric Hobsbawm has decried  AND any impact upon the world.7  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The 1AC relies upon an understanding of The Urban as just that – something to be understood.  The act of placing The Urban within the matrix of representation necessarily limits is transgressive potential – reject the intelligibility of the 1AC.

MacLure 2010 (Maggie MacLure, Manchester Metropolitan University, “Qualitative inquire: where are the ruins?” http://www.esri.mmu.ac.uk/respapers/nzareRuins.pdf)

So I want to look at the relation of language and materiality, and particularly

AND

from, or attach itself to, an already formed,  phenomenological subject.

The 1AC offers a series of anecdotes explained by a theory that “slides home like a bolt.” This tames the unruly reality unleashed by the resolution, generating the comforts of understanding.

MacLure 2010 (Maggie MacLure, Manchester Metropolitan University, “Qualitative inquire: where are the ruins?” http://www.esri.mmu.ac.uk/respapers/nzareRuins.pdf)

We have tried, then, in Patti Lather’s words, to refuse ‘textual

AND

walls of  common sense or received practice. It has not been ruinous.

The experiences suppressed by the status quo are their own justification.

Rejecting the move towards iterability opens the space for authentic engagement with otherness.

Leet 2002 Gender Modified*(Martin Leet, Research Fellow in International Studies at The University  of Queensland; “After-effects of Knowledge: Dogmatic Retreats and Sceptical Adventures” Critical Horizons 3:2)

 As with respect to nature, the very question of the  validity of culture

AND

depend, initially, upon an ability to become  detached  from one’s surroundings.

The aff may make gains against the status quo but the mere inclusion of multiple voices leads us back to dominant systems of oppression so long as those voices are merely orchestrated and organized within the fiction of democracy

MacLure 2010 (Maggie MacLure, Manchester Metropolitan University, “Qualitative inquire: where are the ruins?” http://www.esri.mmu.ac.uk/respapers/nzareRuins.pdf)

For Deleuze, the way to mobilize this paradoxical logic inhering in language is –

AND

multiple interpretations, and undermine the prospect  of political action by disseminating uncertainty.

Empathy is selfish – it is always accompanied by pity which establishes a power relation with the other in a position of weakness, only ethics based on responsibility solves by recognizing the other as truly radical alterity that is unknowable

Molloy, Ph.D. in Education from the University of Toronto and has taught in the areas of war, cinema and popular culture, 1999

(Patricia, Moral Spaces, 217-218)

Given the misunderstandings and dangers of empathy, is it a con¬cept worth holding on

AND

Other. Murder, Levinas maintains, is a negation of alterity.43

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Production of natural gas means drilling, not generating electricity with it.

EIA No Date—US Energy Information Administration, Glossary, http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=P

Production: See production terms associated with specific energy types. Production capacity: The

AND

pipeline, a common carrier, a refinery, or a marine terminal.

Of means natural gas must be the energy produced.

Dictionary.com, Timeless – Of

(used to indicate specific identity or a particular item within a category): the city of Chicago; thoughts of love.

For requires a direct relationship.

Words and Phrases 4 (Words and Phrases Permanent Edition, “For,” Volume 17, p. 338-343 November 2004, Thomson West)

WD Tenn 1942. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 uses the words “

AND

which only “affects” a certain purpose which implies an indirect relation. 

Violation - the aff only allows for more exports of natural gas, this is distinct from energy production of it.

Vote Neg

A. Limits—we prevent an explosion of affs about natural gas electricity generation, that undermines in-depth research and clash.

B. Precision—our interp is key to give meaning to the word “of”, that’s key to a grammatical reading of the resolution, which is the source of predictability. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Sort by number:

1: T/Procedural

2: Kritiks

3: Counter Plans

4: Disads

5: Impact Turns

6: Case Frontline/Defensive Stuff

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
The Supreme Court should rule that restrictions on natural gas production in the Environmental Protection Agency’s New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Reviews violates the 10th Amendment right of states to self-govern.

The aff has to specify their agent – voting issue because it allows 2AC conditionality to sever the link to agent-specific Disads and solvency deficits.  

Courts solve the case
Maharrey 12 Mike Maharrey. Communications Director for the Tenth Amendment Center. Ohio group: Tenth Amendment key to energy independence. Tenth Amendment Center. August 24, 2012. http://blog.tenthamendmentcenter.com/2012/08/ohio-group-tenth-amendment-key-to-energy-independence/
 “Energy policy and initiatives that originate from the federal government, including the
AND
. The states will once again control their own destiny,” he said.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Double bind – Either the harms to the 1AC are true and they cannot solve for extinction before they control the levers of power OR their harms are constructed for the purpose of alarmism which makes them symbolic terrorists.

Apocalyptic predictions make serial policy failure inevitable
Kurasawa 4 – Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, “Cautionary Tales: The Global Culture of Prevention and the Work of Foresight”, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, http://www.yorku.ca/kurasawa/Kurasawa%20Articles/Constellations%20Article.pdf
Up to this point, I have tried to demonstrate that transnational socio-political
AND
well suited to grounding these tasks: the precautionary principle and global justice. 

The alternative is to reject the apocalyptic frames of the 1AC

Even if the rational arguments in favor of the plan are logical, the representations of apocalypse colonize the debate towards pressure for fast invasion and warmongering
Goodnight 2010 (G. Thomas Goodnight is Professor and Director of Doctoral Studies at the Annenberg School for Communication, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles; "The Metapolitics of the 2002 Iraq Debate: Public Policy and the Network Imaginary", Rhetoric and Public Affairs Volume 13, Number 1, Spring 2010)
Opponents of the Democratic Party argued the risks of war, but their pragmatic policy
AND
security spread and interlock to haunt twenty-first-century network imaginaries.

The PARADOX OF RISK makes this issue NOT resolvable by weighing the plan.
If impact is calculated by multiplying probability and magnitude, any probability of an infinite impact irrationally registers as infinite
Kessler 2008 (Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld,   “From Insecurity to Uncertainty:  Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives  33 (2008), 211-232)
The problem of the second method is that it is very difficult to  "calculate
AND
prevail than in situations where  security problems can be assessed with relative certainty. 

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Even if manufacturers had NO ENERGY COSTS they still couldn’t thrive
Michael Levi writing for the Council on Foreign Relations, David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment May 7, 2012¶ Oil and Gas Euphoria Is Getting Out of Hand¶ https://blogs.cfr.org/levi/2012/05/07/oil-and-gas-euphoria-is-getting-out-of-hand/

But there is more. Ignatius’s column isn’t just about energy; it’s also about
AND
disagreements aren’t just academic. They matter for at least three big reasons.

Aff can't solve the I/L to their Ettlinger and Gordon evidence - we still rely on oil from overseas producers.

Natural gas production cannot break foreign dependence- at best reduces it but doesn’t solve the impact
Michael Levi writing for the Council on Foreign Relations, David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment May 7, 2012¶ Oil and Gas Euphoria Is Getting Out of Hand¶ https://blogs.cfr.org/levi/2012/05/07/oil-and-gas-euphoria-is-getting-out-of-hand/

The boom in U.S. oil and gas production has spawned another gusher
AND
but there is zero chance that it would come close to removing it.

Cheap natural gas causes flaring
Wolf Richter over twenty years of C-level operations and finance experience, including turnaround situations and startups. He went to school and worked for two decades in Texas and Oklahoma, with an interlude in France, and then headed east to New York City, Brussels, Tokyo, and finally San Francisco¶ The Natural Gas Massacre March 15, 2012 (First Enercast Financial) http://www.firstenercastfinancial.com/commentary/story/101035-natural-gas-massacre

But there is a problem: price. Natural gas is too cheap. And
AND
installing the equipment to process and transport it is simply not worth it.

That leads to global warming.
Mark Clayton | The Christian Science Monitor | Jul 16, 2012 ¶ US wastes more natural gas than ever as fracking byproduct¶ http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/us-wastes-more-natural-gas-ever-fracking-byproduct

The United States is flaring so much natural gas into the atmosphere -- burning it
AND
over the same period, equal to the exhaust of 70 million cars.

Extinction
Bayou Buzz, 2007
(April 1. IPCC: Global Warming Highway To Extinction. http://www.bayoubuzz.com/News/World/Politics/IPCC_Global_Warming_Highway_To_Extinction__3305.asp)
Climate change is paving a “highway to extinction” which could see billions of
AND
threshold by the year 2050 if greenhouse gas emissions were not reduced substantially.

Their strategy of maintaining hegemony exaggerates threats and mandates continuous intervention.  Means no risk of the case impacts, alt solves hegemonic conflict and the kritik turns the case
Layne 97 (Christopher Layne is Visiting Associate Professor at Naval Postgraduate school, “From Preponderance to Offshore Balancing: America's Future Grand Strategy”, International Security, Vol.22 Issue. 1 Summer 1997)
The security/interdependence nexus results in the exaggeration of threats to American strategic interests
AND
to the strategy of preponderance’s concern with maintaining U.S. credibility.

Constraints on hegemony will force peaceful drawdown of commitments – solves great power wars.
MacDonald and Parent 11 – Asst Prof. of PoliSci @ Williams College and Parent, Asst Prof. PoliSci @ U of Miami, Paul and Joseph, “Graceful Decline?” International Security, 35.4, Project MUSE
Implications for Sino-U.S. Relations Our findings are directly relevant to
AND
political factors loom too large in discussions of power transitions and hegemonic change.

Retrenchment prevents extended deterrence breakdowns and nuclear war with Russia.
Bandow 2009 -  Senior Fellow @ Cato Institute and Former Special Adviser to Reagan, Doug, “More Friends, More War”, Cato Institute, July 13, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=10348
Today, however, Washington hands out security guarantees the way hotels provide chocolates:
AND
a crisis, the odds would have to be on the United States.

Unipolarity makes nuclear proliferation and conflict more likely and results in balancing instead of bandwagoning.
*Prolif
*GPW
*Indopak war
*Noko Prolif
*Iran Prolif
Monteiro 12 – Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University (Nuno P., Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is not Peaceful, International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3, Winter 2011/2012, p. 9-40, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ISEC_a_00064)
A unipole carrying out a defensive-dominance strategy will seek to preserve all three
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shifted toward a strategy of offensive dominance, to which I turn next.

Retrenchment creates a concert of power – solves regional conflict.
Lind 7- JD, Guest Lecturer @ Harvard, Sr Fellow @ New America foundation, “Beyond American Hegemony”, New America Foundation, May, http://www.newamerica.net/publications/articles/2007/beyond_american_hegemony_5381
A concert-of-power strategy would permit the United States to continue to
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share common interests in combating terrorism, anarchy and aggression by lesser states.

Hegemony destroys effective institutions global public goods.  
Ikenberry et al 9 - G. John Ikenberry is a professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University, Michael Mastanduno is a professor of government and associate dean for social sciences at Dartmouth College, William C. Wohlforth is a professor of government at Dartmouth College, “Unipolarity, State Behavior, and Systemic Consequences”, World Politics, 61.1, Jan, MUSE
Unipolarity and Revisionism: Is the Unipole a Satisfied State? The stability of any
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powerful states as hypocritical attempts to mask the actual pursuit of private goods.

Extinction.
DC 4 – Magazine for Development and Cooperation, funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Where Markets Fail, March, http://www.inwent.org/E+Z/content/archive-eng/03-2004/edit_art1.html
There are also public goods at the global level. They include the control of
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with individual bilateral projects – no matter how successful they might turn out.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1NC

The Executive Branch of the United States should acquire high-temperature gas cooled reactors for military installations in the United States.

Solves the aff.

Szondy 12 - Freelance writer, award-winning playwright (David, February 16th 2012, http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/

. High-temperature gas cooled reactors As the term implies, gas-cooled

AND

also lends itself to smaller scales to allow for factory building and underground installation

Not only is the tech prolif resistant, it is also energy efficient and flexible, means it solves every I/L to the aff.

NGNP 10 (http://www.ngnpalliance.org/index.php/htgr, 2010)

The NHSS design is modular with module ratings from 200 MWt to 625 MWt,

AND

for either cooling or radiation shielding and no active cooling system is required.

Forward deployed reactors, inevitably, will be stolen.

Andres and Breetz, ‘11

Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for

National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L., doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20262%20Andres.pdf

Using the emerging technology at expeditionary locations carries far greater risks. Besides the concerns

AND

must incorporate contingency plans in the event that reactors fall into enemy hands.

Light water reactors are proliferation risks.

Gilinsky et al. 04 (Victor, Marvin Miller, Harmon Hubbard, The Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, A FRESH EXAMINATION OF THE PROLIFERATION DANGERS OF LIGHT WATER REACTORS, October 22, 2004, http://www.npec-web.org/Frameset.asp?PageType=SingleandPDFFile=Report041022%20LWRandPDFFolder=Reports)

The report details how fresh and spent LWR fuel can be used to accelerate a

AND

, is similar to that of devices made of pure weapons grade plutonium.

Extinction.

Victor A Utgoff, Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of Institute for Defense Analysis, Summer 2002, Survival, p.87-90

In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out

AND

a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations.

2NC

Solves faster than the aff - existing licensing provision.

NGNP 10 - Special Report prepared for Congress by the DoE (http://nuclear.energy.gov/pdfFiles/NGNP_ReporttoCongress_2010.pdf, April 2012, Next Generation Nuclear Plant)

The NGNP Licensing Strategy Report to Congress concluded that the best alternative for licensing the

AND

financial risk to the industry stakeholders who may decide to fund the project.

This means the licensing DA on case is a net benefit.

NGNP 10 - Special Report prepared for Congress by the DoE (http://nuclear.energy.gov/pdfFiles/NGNP_ReporttoCongress_2010.pdf, April 2012, Next Generation Nuclear Plant)

As described in the NGNP Licensing Strategy Report to Congress, the NRC is participating

AND

o Develop air ingress experiments and analyses o Develop bypass flow experiments and analyses

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
SMR SPEC
Lots of types of SMR designs - aff skirts over most important part of the nuclear-power debate.
Szondy 12 - Freelance writer, award-winning playwright (David, February 16th 2012, http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/
Types of modular reactors Let's take a look now at some of the major types
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), but it also opens up a cheap, easily obtained energy source.

Most important debate in SMR is between water and non-water.
Department of Comerce No Date (http://trade.gov/mas/ian/build/groups/public/@tg_ian/@nuclear/documents/webcontent/tg_ian_003185.pdf)
SMR designs can also be generally categorized into two groups: those based on existing
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Reactor Concepts’ ARC- 100 are examples of liquid metal–cooled designs.

Normal means is light water reactors.
Robitaille 12  - Department of Army Civilian, member of the Army Environmental Center (George E., Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?, 3-21-2012,
All of the operational reactors used by the DoD have been based on the light
AND
. A schematic of the general design is shown in figure two. 39

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
a.) NRC is conducting SMR assessments with industry participation, solves commercialization.  Letting their demanding review process finish before giving incentives is key to solvency
Heft, ‘11
Gordon, Black and Veatch, “Small Modular Reactors Make Headway In Many Countries: Design Certification Starts Soon,” Issue No. 1, http://solutions.bv.com/small-modular-reactors-make-headway-in-many-countries/

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), those nuclear power plants that have the capability of
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doubt that SMR designs will be moving forward quickly in the upcoming years.

b.) Domestic SMR construction is inevitable, but accelerating it during the review process leads to catastrophic accidents
Wang, 12
Ucilia, Forbes, 1-20, “Feds To Finance Small Nuclear Reactor Designs,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/uciliawang/2012/01/20/feds-to-finance-small-nuclear-reactor-designs/

The U.S. Department of Energy on Friday announced a plan to support
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that nuclear power should remain an important part of the country’s energy mix.

c.) Extinction
Lendman, ‘11
Stephen, Research Associate -- Center for Research on Globalization, 3-13, “Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,” http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan

For years, Helen Caldicott warned it's coming. In her 1978 book, "
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or face extinction. No one listened. The Doomsday Clock keeps ticking.

Specificly in the context of the aff's advantages: meltdowns would happen on US bases, results in war as a result of US outrage.
Jerome Corsi 05 Ph.D. in Political Science from Harvard University (Atomic Iran, p. 176-8)
The United States retaliates: 'End of the world' scenarios  The combination of horror and
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had to be paid while the country was still capable of exacting revenge.

One accident turns the case -- shuts down the nuclear industry.
Squassoni, ‘8
Sharon, Senior Associate, Nonproliferation Program -- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 3-12, “The Realities of Nuclear Expansion” Congressional Testimony: House Select Committee for Energy Independence and Global Warming, Washington, DC 

A few caveats with respect to projecting nuclear energy expansion are necessary. Nuclear energy
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nuclear energy’s share of electricity production, and then estimate nuclear reactor capacity.

Default neg on probability - shutdowns=likely.
Kopytko and Perkins, ‘11
Natalie, PhD Researcher in the Environment Department, University of York, John, former chief economist at a major international consulting firm, advised the World Bank, United Nations, IMF, U.S. Treasury Department, Fortune 500 corporations, and countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, his books on economics and geo-politics have sold more than 1 million copies, spent many months on the New York Times and other bestseller lists, and are published in over 30 languages,  “Climate Change, Nuclear Power, and the Adaptation-Mitigation Dilemma,” Energy Policy, Volume 39, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 318–333, Science Direct 

5.5. Other environmental problems Nuclear power has the potential for catastrophic accidents
AND
are not prepared for the issues that will arise due to climate change. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Phytoplankton populations are exploding because of overfishing – contributing to Harmful Algae Blooms
Pew ‘4 /Pew Institute for Ocean Science, October 18, “Sardines May Prevent Toxic Gas Eruptions off the California and African Coasts” Google/

In an article published in the November issue of Ecology Letters, authors Andrew Bakun
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Pew Institute for Ocean Sciences and an expert on fishery science and  management. 

Warming solves excessive phytoplankton by limiting nutrient circulation
Kay ‘6 /San Fransisco Chronicle, Jane“Ocean warming's effect on phytoplankton”, December 7/

When the climate warms, there is a drop in the abundance of the ocean's
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the world decreases in warm ocean years and increases in cooler ocean years. 

Harmful Algal Blooms cause dead zones – destroying oceans
Papasian ‘5 /Melanie H, Environment, May, Vol. 47, Iss. 4, pg 8, Proquest/

A new study by Stanford University researchers finds that oceans may be more vulnerable to
AND
to 223 square miles of the Gulf of California and lasting several days.

That leads to extinction of nearly all species on the planet
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ‘98 (Year of the Ocean Report, http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/yoto/meeting/mar_env_316.html)
The ocean plays a critical role in sustaining the life of this planet. Every
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we die. Our future and the state of the oceans are one." 

Harmful Algal Blooms ruin fisheries
Pariente No Date /Vita, “Water Encyclopedia”, Algal Blooms, Harmful, Google/
Although the economic impacts of HAB outbreaks has not been quantified on a national basis
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fishing and aquaculture operations (including fish and shellfish farms) are affected.

That kills billions and produces war
QFFI, Quick Frozen Foods International, 2003 Better gear up more fish farms now or a billion people may go hungry by 2020, 1/1, Global Seafood Magazine, lexis
A billion people in developing countries who depend on fish as their most important source
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, scientists, industry leaders and non-government organizations from 40 countries.

But there’s no offense –
A.  there will always be phytoplankton because there will always be ocean nutrients, it’s just a matter of much phytoplankton is desirable
B. Phytoplankton hibernate if there’s no nutrients or it gets too hot and wake up elsewhere
Northwest Fisheries Science Center No Date /”Algal Bloom Dynamics”, Google/
Phytoplankton also have another ability to respond to changes in their environment. When times
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water column and then during the day they rise up near the surface.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The affirmative increases incentives for use of renewable energy in Indian Country which is not within the confines of the federation of states forming the nation of the United States.
Native American Tribes are tantamount to foreign nations.
American Indian Policy Center 2005 http://www.airpi.org/pubs/indinsov.html
American Indian tribal powers originate with the history of tribes managing their own affairs.
AND
nations, among the several states, and with the Indian tribes."2 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The plan represents the forgetting of the plight of Native Americans. Just as the senior Bush administration dismissed the protests of the Vietnam War era by proclaiming that they had “kicked the Vietnam syndrome,” the gift of alternative energy for Native Americans is a half-way reform that returns legitimacy to America's oppressive federal control, crushing reforms such as moves towards land control and movements against military complexes on reservation land.
Spanos 2K (William, Prof of English and Comparative Literature at Binghamton University, America’s Shadow, pg 141-144)

With this symbolic denouement, the “wound” suffered by “America” has
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term labor to hegemonize a demonic representation of this (self-)disclosure. 

Focus on sovereignty whitewashes worse forms of government control – small concessions are key to state legitimacy and destruction
Alfred 99
Taiaiake Alfred, professor at the University of Victoria, Peace, Power, Righteousness: An Indigenous Manifesto, Oxford University Press, 1999.
To summarize the argument thus far, sovereignty is an exclusionary concept rooted in an
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, the state has created incentives for integration into its own sovereignty framework. 

Paternalism will be replicated in policy making - their representations of Native Americans shape the implementation of the plan as well as future legislation.
Porter 1998 (Robert B. Porter, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Tribal Law and Government Center, University of Kansas; Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the Sac and Fox Nation of Kansas and Missouri; Member (Heron Clan) and former Attorney General of the Seneca Nation of Indians (1991-1995), 1998,University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 31 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 899, “A Proposal To The Hanodaganyas To Decolonize Federal Indian Control Law” Lexis)
Moreover, federal Indian policy has been based upon a paternalistic ethnocentrism that has never
AND
the development of stable relations between the Indian nations and the United States.

The offer of economic development and so-called self-determination is an attempt to bind Native Americans even more closely to the state’s oppressive power – windmills are to be developed on Native American land to better serve the energy needs of the nation.
Alfred 1999 (Taiaiake, Mohawk, "Peace, Power, Righteousness, an Indigenous Manifesto." Oxford University Press 1999 pg xiii)

In the past two generations, indigenous people around the world have broken the rusty
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but it still ties our people to white men pulling the strong end. 

Voting negative isn’t complicity with oppression. It is an act of standing in silence against the imperial system. We must refuse intelligability.
Spanos 2001 (William, Prof of Lit at Binghamton, Pierre’s Extraordinary Emergency: Melville and “the Voice of Silence,” Part 2, boundary 2 28.3 (2001) 133-155, muse)
Pierre’s silence—his failure to realize the indissoluble affiliation between the representation of being
AND
to haunt the hegemonic American present in all its social and political manifestations. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Rejecting paternalism causes waste dumping
Kanner et al 3
Allan Kanner, the president of Allan Kanner and Associates, P.L.L.C. has been litigating environmental and toxic torts for 25 years. He has collaborated with Ryan Casey and Barrett Ristroph, colleagues of his New Orleans law firm, to produce this paper. ARTICLE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES TO PURSUE ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE CLAIMS. 14 Duke Envtl. L. and Pol'y F. 155. Fall 2003. Lexis
One example of this line of thinking is seen in the Campo Band of Mission
AND
the environmental movement to adequately consider the element of sovereignty in environmental justice.

Sovereignty will get hijacked by corporations to dump waste on Native lands – causes genocide, turning case and culminates in extinction.
Brook 98
Daniel Brook. Environmental Genocide: Native Americans and Toxic Waste. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 57, No. 1 (Jan., 1998), pp. 105-113. JSTOR
GENOCIDE  AGAINST  NATIVE AMERICANS continues in modern times with modern techniques. In the past
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exploratory grants as well (Angel 1991, 16-17).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Wind power bad – massive avian fatalities
American Bird Conservatory 11 (10/28/11, “Massive Bird Kill at West Virginia Wind Farm Highlights National Issue”, http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/releases/111028.html, vh)
With the deaths of nearly 500 birds at the Laurel Mountain wind facility earlier this
AND
Texas is doing just that, so it is possible.” said Fuller. 

Wind turbines will ravage Native lands.
Rosenbloom 2006 (Eric Rosenbloom is a science editor and writer living in Vermont; A Problem With Wind Power: http://www.aweo.org/ProblemWithWind.html) 

Pictures from the energy companies show slim towers rising cleanly from the landscape or hovering
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-70 acres per megawatt, i.e., about 120-280

This descion to privilege the economic development of humans over the life of the Other is the epitome of Epitome of Symbolic Violence. Prior question: Can the 1AC justify the value of the living human over that of its cousin the corpse? A flat-plane ontology of community should be the impact frame for this round.
Introna 10 (LUCAS, PROFESSOR OF ORGANIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS @ LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, AI and SOC, 2010, VOL. 25, “THE ‘MEASURE OF A MAN’ AND THE ETHOS OF HOSPITALITY: TOWARDS AN ETHICAL DWELLING WITH TECHNOLOGY,” PG. 93-102)
Instead of creating value systems in our own self-image, the absolute otherness
AND
have nothing in common (Lingis 1994). Is such a community possible?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CP: The United States federal government should end restrictions under Section 2604 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 that require approval from the Secretary of the Interior for Tribal Energy Resource Agreements for the production of solar energy. The United States federal government should remove restrictions on biomass facilities for EPACT production incentives on American Indian lands.

Biomass is comparatively better for Natives
DoE 2k (Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Development Potential on Indian Lands, ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/pdf/renewables/ilands.pdf)
 
Four reservations have been identified which might generate central station renewable-based electricity at
AND
generators) or storage batteries is usedandboth high-cost options.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Nuclear power is defined as nuclear FISSION - not fusion.
NRC 12 - U.S's nuclear regulatory commission (March 29, “Uses of Radiation: Nuclear Power Plants” website, http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/around-us/uses-radiation.html#npp)
Nuclear Power Plants Electricity produced by nuclear fission — splitting the atom — is one
AND
gases and liquids are ultimately released to the environment under controlled and monitored conditions

The techs are distinct - heres ev.
McDonald 6 - Senior officer IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy  (Alan, International Atomic Energy Agency “Nuclear Energy 'Pros and Cons'”, IAEA InfoLog, January 2006, http://www.iaea.org/blog/Infolog/?page_id=47)
Nuclear power may have a longer or shorter run than, say, coal as
AND
carbon capture and storage, nanotechnology, genetic engineering and all the rest.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Fusion funds are flat – domestic spending shares a budget with ITER
Vastag 12 (Brian, Washington Post, June 25, “Budget Cuts Threaten Pursuit of Nuclear Fusion as a Clean Energy Source,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/budget-cuts-threaten-pursuit-of-nuclear-fusion-as-a-clean-energy-source/2012/06/25/gJQAKlpS2V_print.html)
President Obama’s budget request for next year cuts domestic fusion research by 16 percent,
AND
European Union, Russia, China, India, South Korea and Japan.)

There’s a forced tradeoff
Cunningham 12 (Nicholas, "Fusion Budget on Hold," American Security Project, August 15, americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/fusion-budget-on-hold/)
However, U.S. funding for both ITER and the American domestic fusion
AND
of doing fusion. Scrapping the MIT program would be a huge setback.

ITER funding is key to Russian relations and international scientific cooperation
ORBACH 7 (Dr. Raymond L. Orbach, Under Secretary of Science @ U.S. Department of Energy, 3/21/2007 “Fiscal 2008 Appropriations: Energy and Water Development”, Committee on Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis)
Finally, some types of science – particularly those that address the grand challenges in
AND
, the threats perhaps greater, and the need for engagement more paramount.

Relations are solving every impact now – collapse causes great power war.
Suslov and Karaganov 11 - Sergei Karaganov, Dean of the School of the World Economy and International  Affairs at the National Research University–Higher School of  Economics (NRU-HSE); Chairman of the Presidium, the Council  on Foreign and Defense Policy (CFDP); Chairman of the Editorial  Board, Russia in Global Affairs journal AND Dmitry Suslov, Deputy Director of the Center for Comprehensive European and  International Studies, NRU-HSE; Assistant Dean for Research,  the School of the World Economy and International Affairs, NRUHSE; Deputy Director of Research Programs at CFDPThe U.S.—Russia Relations  after the «Reset»: Building a New Agenda. A View from Russia Report by the Russian Participants of  the Working Group on the Future of the  Russian—U.S. Relations, March, http://vid-1.rian.ru/ig/valdai/US-Russia%20relations_eng.pdf
1.10. The building of friendly and, on some  dimensions, allied
AND
power might be not necessarily to  the U.S.’s advantage.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Nuclear authoritarianism –the Modern authoritarian state was founded on nuclear power because its high risk legitimated vast antidemocratic emergency powers. Increasing the number of nuclear plants expands the necessity and the value of militarist nuclear authoritarianism such that alternative social visions will be met with tear gas and riot shields because they threaten the stability of the nuclear regime and the national security of the united states.
Kaur 11
(Raminder, Senior Lecturer in Anthropology @ University of Sussex, London. TAJA: Australian journal of anthropology accessible at http://www.dianuke.org/a-%E2%80%98nuclear-renaissance%E2%80%99-climate-change-and-the-state-of-exception/)

Whilst the ‘carbon lobby’, including the fossil-fuels industries, stand to
AND
vindication of the saying, ‘out of sight, out of mind’.

Fusion does not escape the link – the promise of a “new” reactor that solves nuclear power’s oppressive nature is a tired and failed tactic – unforeseen externalities are never considered
Lovins 2009 (Amory, Chairman and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute, Nuclear and Energy Activist since the 1960s, has ten honorary doctorates and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1984, of the World Academy of Art and Science in 1988, and of the World Business Academy in 2001, ““New” nuclear reactors, same old story”, Rocky Mountain Institute, 21 March, http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2009-07_NuclearSameOldStory)

No new kind of reactor is likely to be much, if at all, cheaper than today’s LWRs,
AND
 led by business for profit.

We’re internal link turning pragmatism – nuclear energy requires totalizing foundational assumptions about the methodological clarity of nuclear science in order to justify itself. Science worship disqualifies specific, local and contingent truth claims in advance.
Ian WELSH Sociology @ Cardiff ‘2KMobilising Modernity p.  3-9
Asserting intperatives The assertion that there is no alternative (TINA) represents one of
AND
which has been central to the institutional consolidation of science within western civilisation.

Vote negative to problematize nuclear science.
Nuclear technicism relies on discursive claims of public interest that can be challenged by the intervention of rhetorical intellectuals. Social consultation interrupts the cycle of nuclear affirmation and ruptures the political wide open enabling democratic and social questioning of atomic strategy. Absent this problematization nuclear technicisim will place the red button in rhetorically incompetent technocrats and we will all die.
Ian WELSH Sociology @ Cardiff ‘2KMobilising Modernity p.  220-223

Future risks and backcastingThe notion of back casting has been established within the business community
AND
research into the so called 'new genetics' (Kerr et al. 1998).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Off

Interpretation - Restrictions are a limitation that prohibits an action.  It excludes terms for acting
Court of Appeals 12 ~STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,  THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, DIVISION I, RANDALL KINCHELOE Appellant. vs. Respondent, BRIEF OF APPELLANT, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/a01/686429%20Appellant%20Randall%20Kincheloe~’s.pdf~

3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include the reporting and monitoring or supervising terms and conditions that are included in the 2001 Stipulation.  Black’s Law Dictionary, ’fifth edition,(1979) defines "restriction" as; A limitation often imposed in a deed or lease respecting the use to which the property may be put.
The term "restrict’ is also cross referenced with the term "restrain." Restrain is defined as;
To limit, confine, abridge, narrow down, restrict, obstruct, impede, hinder, stay, destroy. To prohibit from action; to put compulsion on; to restrict; to hold or press back. To keep in check; to hold back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by interposing obstacle, to repress or suppress, to curb.

and "On" means directly targeted at and focused on production
Oxford Dictionary online, 12 ~The World’s most trusted Dictionary, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/on-http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/on~~

5.  having (the thing mentioned) as a target, aim, or focus: five air raids on the city, thousands marching on Washington ,her eyes were fixed on his dark profile

Violation -  Exon Florio doesn’t guarantee restriction or preclusion from energy production. It only puts companies up for review.
Jackson 12 ~James K. Jackson, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, "The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment, Congressional Research Service, 10/1/12~
According to the amended Exon-Florio provision, the President or any member of
AND
impair the national security, CFIUS can proceed to a 45-day investigation

Vote Neg-
1.) Limits - Number of supervising terms are limitless, thousands of review agencies and beurocratic redtape makes being neg impossible.
2.) Aff Ground - The aff is solved by minor repair - having the presient merely use his DISRETION is sufficent.
Jackson 12
~James K. Jackson. Specialist in International Trade and Finance. The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). Congressional Research Service. Sep 26, 2012. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33388.pdf~~
Furthermore, Congress did not intend to have the Exon-Florio provision alter the
AND
interest activities from falling under foreign control, primarily for national defense purposes.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Off

The aff’s sacrifice of oil ignores how every being has intrinsic value.
Merchant 92 (Carol, Ecofeminist and Historian of Science, Radical Ecology "Genesis of Eden" 1992)
Each individual thing, whether a living organism or an atom, has intrinsic value
AND
of adaptation, and integration of actual occasions inherent in each 30 system. 

This descion to privilege the economic development of humans over the life of the Other is the epitome of Epitome of Symbolic Violence. Prior question: Can the 1AC justify the value of the living human over that of its cousin the corpse? A flat-plane ontology of community should be the impact frame for this round.
Introna 10 (LUCAS, PROFESSOR OF ORGANIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS @ LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, AI %26 SOC, 2010, VOL. 25, "THE ’MEASURE OF A MAN’ AND THE ETHOS OF HOSPITALITY: TOWARDS AN ETHICAL DWELLING WITH TECHNOLOGY," PG. 93-102)
Instead of creating value systems in our own self-image, the absolute otherness
AND
have nothing in common (Lingis 1994). Is such a community possible?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

===Off===

Immigration reform now

Ferraro 3-14 Thomas.  "Senators aim to reach bipartisan immigration deal next week" ~~~http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/14/us-usa-congress-immigration-idUSBRE92D1B120130314-http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/14/us-usa-congress-immigration-idUSBRE92D1B120130314~~

Eight senators aim to cap months of talks next week with a comprehensive deal to

AND

that Obama could build support for that part of the pending immigration bill.

**Aff costs political capital.**

**Dlouhy 10-7 **(Jennifer, "Obama~’s Energy Agenda has its Limits," ~http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/Obama-s-energy-agenda-has-its-limits-4017352.php-http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/Obama-s-energy-agenda-has-its-limits-4017352.php)

WASHINGTON — President ~Barack Obama-http://www.mysanantonio.com/?controllerName=search%26action=search%26channel=business%26search=1%26inlineLink=1%26query=%22Barack+Obama%22 enters a second term in the White House free to

AND

a White House demonstration on Nov. 18 to keep pressure on Obama.

Political capital key to passage

**Foley 1-15** Elise is a writer @ Huff Post Politics. "Obama Gears Up For Immigration Reform Push In Second Term," 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/15/obama-immigration-reform_n_2463388.html

Obama has repeatedly said he will push hard for immigration reform in his second term

AND

-style arrangement jammed by leadership — while keeping the president heavily involved.

CIR is key to food security and ag competitiveness

**ACIR 07** THE AGRICULTURE COALITION FOR IMMIGRATION REFORM, December 4, 2007, http://www.aila.org/content/fileviewer.aspx?docid=24034%26linkid=169473

Dear Member of Congress: The Agriculture Coalition for Immigration Reform (ACIR) is

AND

important reforms that would provide for a stable and legal farm labor force.

That solves extinction

**Lugar 04** (Richard G., former U.S. Senator – Indiana and Former Chair – Senate Foreign Relations Committee, "Plant Power", Our Planet, 14(3), http://www.unep.org/ourplanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)

In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning

AND

in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should end Exon-Florio reviews for wind power and natural gas production.

Solves the case – China wants to invest in wind but Exon-Florio authority has blocked them
Jackson 10/1
~James K. Jackson Specialist in International Trade and Finance. The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment. Congressional Research Service. October 1, 2012 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33312.pdf~~
On September 29, 2012, President Obama used authority granted to him under the
AND
That suit, however, was made moot by President Obama’s ¶ decision.

Exon-Florio blocks wind investment
Voss and Mertens 9/24
~CJ Voss C.J. Voss is a partner in the Corporate practice group. His practice focuses on providing advice and counsel to senior management and boards of directors of public and private companies on mergers, acquisitions, financings, and other strategic transactions. C.J. also advises entrepreneurs and emerging growth companies on business formation and founders’ issues, and early stage and venture capital financings. He has worked with clients in the forest products, life sciences, software and information technology, consumer products, retail, and financial services industries, among others.¶ Previously, C.J. was an attorney/advisor with the Office of the Chief Counsel for International Commerce at the U.S. Department of Commerce in Washington, D.C. (1992-1995), and an associate with Linklaters De Bandt in Brussels, Belgium (1989-1991). Alexandra Mertens is an associate in the Corporate group. She is experienced in counseling emerging and established clients on a variety of business transactions, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raising, governance and commercial contract negotiation.¶ Alex is also experienced in renewable energy corporate and project finance matters and advises developers on issues concerning the acquisition, development and financing of renewable energy projects.¶ Before joining Stoel Rives, Alex was a senior associate at Fredrikson %26 Byron, P.A. in Minneapolis (2006-2011). Energy law alert: CFIUS intervenes in Chinese-owned wind project. Stoel Rivers LLP. http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e7724889-852d-4f3b-8cbb-286459bf3ee8~~
The implications of the CFIUS order regarding Ralls’s investment in the Oregon Projects are potentially
AND
should carefully consider whether CFIUS clearance should be a condition to closing renewable energy

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Chinese oil is trying to acquire Canadian oil investments, but they face review from CFIUS.
Spegele 12/27
~Brian Spegele. Cnooc’s New Tack Shows in Oil Deal. The Wall Street Journal. Dec 27, 2012. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324731304578192883140076040.html~~

One of China’s largest oil companies is learning to tread softly when breaking down barriers
AND
U.S. assets are a small part of the overall deal.
Chinese oil investments boosts deepwater drilling expertise
Spegele 12/27
~Brian Spegele. Cnooc’s New Tack Shows in Oil Deal. The Wall Street Journal. Dec 27, 2012. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324731304578192883140076040.html~~

A successful acquisition of Nexen’s assets would deepen Cnooc’s toehold in the Gulf of Mexico and provide a platform for future exploration and production. Cnooc listed "access to deep water expertise" in the Gulf as among the deal’s key benefits during a July 23 presentation.

That destroys marine ecosystems
NRDC 9
~Protecting Our Ocean ¶ and Coastal Economies: ¶ Avoid Unnecessary Risks from ¶ Offshore Drilling. National Resources Defense Council. September 2009. http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/offshore/files/offshore.pdf~~

Oil Spills Have Lasting ¶ Ecological Impacts ¶ According to the National Academy of Sciences
AND
seismic surveys have been implicated in ¶ whale beaching and stranding incidents.¶ 18

Extinction
Craig, Associate Prof Law, Indiana U School Law, 2003
(McGeorge Law Review, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155 Lexis)
Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving marine ecosystems also exist, just as they
AND
kill ourselves, and we will take most of the biosphere with us.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Offshore drilling spills are inevitable
Mufson 4/19/2012 (Steven Mufson, Washington Post."Two years after BP oil spill, offshore drilling still poses risks" http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/two-years-after-bp-oil-spill-offshore-drilling-still-poses-risks/2012/04/19/gIQAHOkDUT_story_1.html-http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/two-years-after-bp-oil-spill-offshore-drilling-still-poses-risks/2012/04/19/gIQAHOkDUT_story_1.html, 19 April 2012, JGR)

But three recent incidents in other parts of the world show just how risky and
AND
to get up more than 3 to 5 percent of the oil spilled."

This particular deal will be blocked – multiple politicians pressing for it.
Reuters 12/14
~CNOOC seeks deepwater drilling expertise through Nexen. Reuters. Cited through the South China Morning Post. Dec 14, 2012. http://www.scmp.com/business/commodities/article/1104814/cnooc-seeks-deepwater-drilling-expertise-through-nexen~~

As the Committee on Foreign Investment in the US examines whether the deal presents any threat to national security, several US politicians have voiced concerns. One issue the committee will examine, experts say, is whether Nexen’s assets are too close to sensitive US military areas.¶ Under the law, the investment committee operates in complete secrecy and it is not known when it may make a decision or which way it is leaning.

Republicans will force them to divest assets
Reuters 12/14
~Nexen’s US Gulf oil fields key to CNOOC’s deepwater ambitions. Reuters. Cited Through Arab News. Dec 14, 2012. http://www.arabnews.com/nexen%E2%80%99s-us-gulf-oil-fields-key-cnooc%E2%80%99s-deepwater-ambitions~~

As the Committee on Foreign Investment in the US, or CFIUS, examines whether
AND
CNOOC has declined comment on the review and Nexen had no immediate comment.

Aff would result

Drilling in the gulf is key to gaining expertise – that causes drilling in the South China seas
Reuters 12/14
~CNOOC seeks deepwater drilling expertise through Nexen. Reuters. Dec 14, 2012. http://www.scmp.com/business/commodities/article/1104814/cnooc-seeks-deepwater-drilling-expertise-through-nexen~~

CNOOC’s purchase of Canadian energy producer Nexen may prove to be bittersweet if United States
AND
the technical know-how to drill in the contested South China Sea.

Acquisition is key to technical expertise
Reuters 12/14
~Nexen’s US Gulf oil fields key to CNOOC’s deepwater ambitions. Reuters. Cited Through Arab News. Dec 14, 2012. http://www.arabnews.com/nexen%E2%80%99s-us-gulf-oil-fields-key-cnooc%E2%80%99s-deepwater-ambitions~~

That leaves an acquisition as the other route to acquiring new technical expertise. ¶
AND
it is drilling south of Hong Kong in an area within Beijing’s ambit.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Solves the case – China wants to invest in wind but Exon-Florio authority has blocked them
Jackson 10/1
~James K. Jackson Specialist in International Trade and Finance. The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment. Congressional Research Service. October 1, 2012 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33312.pdf~~
On September 29, 2012, President Obama used authority granted to him under the
AND
That suit, however, was made moot by President Obama’s ¶ decision.

Exon-Florio blocks wind investment
Voss and Mertens 9/24
~CJ Voss C.J. Voss is a partner in the Corporate practice group. His practice focuses on providing advice and counsel to senior management and boards of directors of public and private companies on mergers, acquisitions, financings, and other strategic transactions. C.J. also advises entrepreneurs and emerging growth companies on business formation and founders’ issues, and early stage and venture capital financings. He has worked with clients in the forest products, life sciences, software and information technology, consumer products, retail, and financial services industries, among others.¶ Previously, C.J. was an attorney/advisor with the Office of the Chief Counsel for International Commerce at the U.S. Department of Commerce in Washington, D.C. (1992-1995), and an associate with Linklaters De Bandt in Brussels, Belgium (1989-1991). Alexandra Mertens is an associate in the Corporate group. She is experienced in counseling emerging and established clients on a variety of business transactions, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raising, governance and commercial contract negotiation.¶ Alex is also experienced in renewable energy corporate and project finance matters and advises developers on issues concerning the acquisition, development and financing of renewable energy projects.¶ Before joining Stoel Rives, Alex was a senior associate at Fredrikson %26 Byron, P.A. in Minneapolis (2006-2011). Energy law alert: CFIUS intervenes in Chinese-owned wind project. Stoel Rivers LLP. http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e7724889-852d-4f3b-8cbb-286459bf3ee8~~
The implications of the CFIUS order regarding Ralls’s investment in the Oregon Projects are potentially
AND
should carefully consider whether CFIUS clearance should be a condition to closing renewable energy

We need to be resistant against oil

Drilling will result in an oil shock and destroys the environment
Reuters 2012 (8/9, "The Coming Oil Boom", http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/10/us/10iht-letter10.html?_r=2, Aly M)

NEW YORK — Forget America’s fiscal cliff, Europe’s currency troubles or the emerging-
AND
is sure to be the escalating battle between environmentalists and the oil industry.

The decision to block wind signals protectionism and is perceived as china-bashing
Xinhau 10/3
~Chinese-owned Ralls Corp. sues Obama over wind farm project. Xinhau. Oct 3, 2012. http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2012-10/03/content_26692691.htm~~

A Chinese-owned company has sued U.S. President Barack Obama for
AND
against protectionism and maintain a free, open and just international trade environment.
Blocking wind erodes our trade leadership
Xinhau 9/30
~The alarm bell of US protectionism rings loud. Xinhau. Sep 30, 2012. http://www.china.org.cn/business/2012-09/30/content_26681566.htm~~

A recent decision by U.S. President Barack Obama to block a Chinese
AND
restricted airspace and there were other foreign wind farms in the same area.

This is a massive signal – everyone’s watching
Vigdor et al 12
~Billy Vigdor and John Elwood are partners, and Jeremy Marwell is an associate at Vinson %26 Elkins’  Washington, D.C., office. Blocking Ore. Wind Farms: Overstepping Authority? Law 360. Oct 22, 2012. http://www.velaw.com/uploadedFiles/VEsite/Resources/BlockingOreWindFarmsOversteppingAuthority.pdf~~
CFIUS practitioners and the business community should watch this case closely. The plaintiffs will
AND
for interested parties to express their views through amicus filings with the court.

Blocking wind chills all Chinese investment.
Mahn 10/1
~Claudia Mahn. President Obama blocks Chinese wind farm ambitions. Global Insight October 1, 2012. Lexis~

However, in a statement on Friday, the Department of Treasury said the president’s
AND
terminals currently under regulatory review (seeUnited States: 22 August 2012 .

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Hirsch has No intent to define: Their ev comes from a website looking for donations to the Post Carbon Institute. It includes a "donate here" button. The article is intended to sell their book. Here is the conclusion:
Hirsch-former senior energy program adviser for Science Applications International Corporation-11  ~Commentary: Restrictions on world oil production~
Restrictions on world oil production can be divided into four categories:¶ 1. Geology
AND
in oil will impact all of us, so it’s worth some study.

Restrictions are a limitation that prohibits an action. For energy this means that energy production needs to be forbidden
MISES no date - The Ludwig von Mises Institute was founded in 1982 as the research and educational center of classical liberalism (http://mises.org/Error/Http404/?aspxerrorpath=/humanaction/chap29sec1.asp)
 Restriction of production means that the government either forbids or makes more difficult or
AND
as much as possible. Such interference makes people poorer and less satisfied.
This is distinct from regulations which are to control economic entities through rulemaking
Energy Information Administration ’12 
(Glossary of Terms, http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm)
Regulation:  The governmental function of controlling or directing economic entities through the process of rulemaking and adjudication.

, not just regulate it
Anell 89
Chairman, WTO panel
"To examine, in the light of the relevant GATT provisions, the matter referred to the
CONTRACTING PARTIES by the United States in document L/6445 and to make such
AND
PARTIES on 5 December 1989 (L/6568 - 36S/68)
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf-http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/88icecrm.pdf

The United States argued that Canada had failed to demonstrate that it effectively restricted domestic
AND
to what the situation would be in the absence of all government measures. 

Prefer our Anell evidence—-it defines ’restriction on production’—-they don’t—-key to predictability
Haneman 59 J.A.D. is a justice of the Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division. "Russell S. Bertrand et al. v. Donald T. Jones et al.," 58 NJ Super. 273; 156 A.2d 161; 1959 N.J. Super, Lexis
HN4 In ascertaining the meaning of the word "restrictions" as here employed,
AND
be construed as being used in the same limited fashion as "zoning."

Critical framing issue: can you comply?? You can comply with federal regulations on exon-florio reviews. You cannot comply with restrictions.
Mohammed 7
Kerala High Court Sri Chithira Aero And Adventure ... vs The Director General Of Civil ... on 24 January, 1997 Equivalent citations: AIR 1997 Ker 121 Author: P Mohammed Bench: P Mohammed 

 Microlight aircrafts or hang gliders shall not be flown over an assembly of persons
AND
relating to the operation, use etc. of aircrafts flying in India. 

Restrictions must be a formal prohibition, not an INDUCEMENT or CONDITION
Groves 97
 GROVES 97
Sourcebook on Intellectual Property Law
 Dr Peter J Groves, LLB, MA, PhD, MITMA, Solicitor

 Then I come to the word ’restrict’, A person though not prohibited is
AND

it is impossible to say in advance what the effect will be.

Conditions and restrictions are distinct—key to predictability
Pashman, justice – New Jersey Supreme Court, 3/25/’63
(Morris, "ISIDORE FELDMAN, PLAINTIFF AND THIRD-PARTY PLAINTIFF, v. URBAN COMMERCIAL, INC., AND OTHERS, DEFENDANT," 78 N.J. Super. 520; 189 A.2d 467; 1963 N.J. Super. LEXIS 479)

HN3A title insurance policy "is subject to the same rules of construction as are other insurance policies." Sandler v. N.J. Realty Title Ins. Co., supra, at ~*11~  p. 479. It is within these rules of construction that this policy must be construed.
Defendant contends that plaintiff’s loss was occasioned by restrictions excepted from coverage in Schedule B
AND
against the person or persons seeking to enforce them." (Emphasis added)

This isn’t arbitrary variance - Precision outweighs if we’re going to discuss energy
Gene Whitney (Section Research Manager at the Congressional Research Service), Carl E. Behrens (Specialist in Energy Policy at the CRS) and Carol Glover (Information Research Specialist at the CRS) November 2010 "U.S. Fossil Fuel Resources:
Terminology, Reporting, and Summary" http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.view%26FileStore_id=04212e22-c1b3-41f2-b0ba-0da5eaead952

Terminology A search for energy statistics in the literature quickly reveals a large number of
AND
in terms of their likelihood of being developed and their stage of development.

Our evidence is more specific to the plan - economic hindrances are NOT restrictions
SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA  93  Howard v. Babcock, No. S027061. , SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA, 6 Cal. 4th 409; 863 P.2d 150; 25 Cal. Rptr. 2d 80; 1993 Cal. LEXIS 6006; 28 A.L.R.5th 811; 93 Cal. Daily Op. Service 8975; 93 Daily Journal DAR 15372, December 6, 1993, Decided ,  Rehearing Denied February 3, 1994, Reported at: 1994 Cal. LEXIS 534.

 ~156~   ~*86~  Rule 1-500 provides: "(A
AND
an agreement which precludes the reporting of a violation of these rules." 6
CA(4)(4) We are not persuaded that this rule was intended to or should prohibit the type of agreement that is at issue here. HN10 An agreement that assesses a reasonable cost against a partner who chooses to compete with his or her former partners does not restrict the practice of law. Rather, it attaches an economic consequence to a departing partner’s unrestricted choice to pursue a particular kind of practice.
We agree with the Court of Appeal in Haight, supra, 234 Cal.
AND
agreement resulting in a forfeiture." (Id. at p. 972.)

Broad interpretations undermine predictability
Eric Heinze (Senior Lecturer in Law, University of London, Queen Mary. He has held fellowships from the Fulbright Foundation and the French and German governments. He teaches Legal Theory, Constitutional Law, Human Rights and Public International Law. JD Harvard) 2003 "The Logic of Liberal Rights A study in the formal analysis of legal discourse" http://mey.homelinux.org/companions/Eric%20Heinze/The%20Logic%20of%20Liberal%20Rights_%20A%20Study%20in%20%20%28839%29/The%20Logic%20of%20Liberal%20Rights_%20A%20Study%20in%20%20-%20Eric%20Heinze.pdf

Variety of ’restrictions’
The term ’restriction’, defined so broadly, embraces any number of familiar concepts
AND
of a formal model, for which any distinctions among them are irrelevant.

2. impacts:

1. the eliminate topic precision which makes the term "restriction" absolutely meaningless, underscores their limits defense
   2. They allow millions of minor repair or reform affs that deal with hundreds of different regulations
   Federal Energy regs are FIVE MILLION RESEARCH HOURS
   Tugwell 88
    The Energy Crisis and the American Political Economy:
   Politics and Markets in the Management of Natural Resources
    Previously, Dr. Tugwell was the executive director of the Heinz Endowments of
   AND
   ). Dr. Tugwell received a PhD in political science from Columbia University. 

 Finally, administering energy regulations proved a costly and cumbersome endeavor, exacting a
AND
regulatory process also exceeded %241 billion a year from 1974 to 1980.^

Better to risk over-limiting - on topics with only 6 topical affs there can still be large innovations in advantage ground and tricky solvency mechanisms that solves aff ground - an unlimited topic doesn’t even allow the negative in the door because if there are 1000 affs even if I knew all of them I couldn’t prepare in time.
Allowing regulations and conditions is a limits disaster—-undermines preparedness for all debates
Doub 76 William is a principal in the law firm of Doub and Muntzing. Previously he was a partner in LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby, and MacRae. He was a member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (1971-1974). He served as a member of the Executive Advisory Committee to the Federal Power Commission (1968-1971) and was appointed by the President to the President’s Air Quality Advisory Board. He is a past chairman of the U.S. National Committee of the World Energy Conference. "Energy Regulation: A Quagmire for Energy Policy," http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.eg.01.110176.003435
FERS began with the recognition that federal energy policy must result from concerted efforts in
AND
agencies. Unfortunately, this example is the rule rather than the exception. 

That destroys education—-too much to comprehend
Stafford 83 G. William is an Associate at Ross, Marsh and Foster. Review of "Federal Regulation of Energy" by William F. Fox, Jr, http://felj.org/elj/Energy%20Journals/Vol6_No2_1985_Book_Review2.pdf
It may safely be said that any effort to catalogue "the entire spectrum of
AND
evaluating laws, regulations, and significant judicial decisions in a single work. 

including regulation promotes multidirectionality, destroying topic coherence
McKie 84
 Professor James W. McKie, distinguished member of the economics department at The University of Texas at Austin for many years
McKie, J W
Annual Review of Environment and Resource , Volume 9 (1)
Annual Reviews – Nov 1, 1984
 THE MULTIPLE PURPOSES OF ENERGY REGULATION AND PROMOTION Federal energy policy since World War
AND
if not obscure, and the results have often been confusing or disappointing.   

Reasonability is impossible – it’s arbitrary and undermines research and preparation
Resnick, assistant professor of political science – Yeshiva University, ’1
(Evan, "Defining Engagement," Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54, Iss. 2)

In matters of national security, establishing a clear definition of terms is a precondition
AND
"engagement," they undermine the ability to build an effective foreign policy.

The first Link is The Biological fallacy. The 1ac conflates 'life' with 'organism' - makes collapse of the ecosphere inevitable, turning the aff.
Rowe 96 — Stan Rowe, Professor Emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan, 1996 (“From Shallow To Deep Ecological Philosophy,” Trumpeter, Volume 13, Number 1, Available Online at fhttp://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/278/413, Accessed 07-26-2011)
Organisms can be “alive” AND the very roots of evolutionary creativity. 

The next link is Daesin - human extinction is terminally inevitable, and there is no 'authentic relationship with Being' they forstall an encounter with Otherness. Ontology is not the primary question for this round, ethics is.
Clark 10
(NIGEL, SENIOR LECTURER IN GEOGRAPHY @ OPEN UNIVERSITY, UK, PARALLAX, VOL. 16, NO. 1, OPEN RESEARCH ONLINE, “EX-ORBITANT GENEROSITY: GIFTS OF LOVE IN A COLD COSMOS,” HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/DOI:10.1080/13534640903478809, PG. 80-95)
In this way, desire or AND If not us, then who? 

Our alternative is an ethics of infinite hospitality, to recognize that the Other is beyond comprehension and to fling ourselves without fear at its 'mercy'– this is the only moral imperative.
Introna 10
(LUCAS, PROFESSOR OF ORGANIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND ETHICS @ LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, AI and SOC, 2010, VOL. 25, “THE ‘MEASURE OF A MAN’ AND THE ETHOS OF HOSPITALITY: TOWARDS AN ETHICAL DWELLING WITH TECHNOLOGY,” PG. 93-102)
Instead of creating value systems in AND ). Is such a community possible?

1: T/Procedural
2: Kritiks
3: Counter Plans
4: Disads
5: Impact Turns

1AC
CFIUs w/Pan, security args

1NC
Restriction T
Object Oriented Onto DA
Canada DA
Wind and Natgas CFIU CP
Case D

2NC
Canada DA
Wind and Natgas CFIU CP
Case D

1NR
T

2NR
T