Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention one is centralization
Solar power manufacturing and use is increasing
Forbes 6/27/12 “Report: Solar Panel Supply Will Far Exceed Demand Beyond 2012”
Solar panel makers are on track to deliver 59 gigawatts of their products worldwide this
AND
as is the typical practice, also will save money, he added.
But existing restrictions prevent localized solar power development
Farell 10 John, an ILSR senior researcher specializing in energy policy developments that best expand the benefits of local ownership and dispersed generation of renewable energy, “Community Solar Power”
Solar energy is an attractive source of electric power. The sun shines everywhere and
AND
, and the proceeds allocated by providing credits on the residents’ electricity bills.
1ac
And, civic culture in the status quo is controlled by elite experts with racial, economic, and gender privilege.
Hoffman and Pippert 5 Steven M. Hoffman, PhD, Professor of Political Science at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Angela High-Pippert, PhD, Director of Women's Studies at the University of St. Thomas, and serves on the ACTC Women's Studies Coordinating Committee, “Community Energy: A Social Architecture for an Alternative Energy Future”, Bulletin of Science Technology and Society 2005 25: 387
According to Theda Skocpol (2003), America’s civic culture has undergone a radical transformation
AND
local anti-pollution fighters are more often than not led by women.
1ac
Particularly, centralized energy decisionmaking exemplifies democracy in name only - a small number of profit-driven technical elites control energy distribution.
Decentralizing solar energy fosters civic culture responsive to community interests and reframes energy systems as a social project.
Hoffman and Pippert 5 Steven M. Hoffman, PhD, Professor of Political Science at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Angela High-Pippert, PhD, Director of Women's Studies at the University of St. Thomas, and serves on the ACTC Women's Studies Coordinating Committee, “Community Energy: A Social Architecture for an Alternative Energy Future”, Bulletin of Science Technology and Society 2005 25: 387
The evolution of the industrialized world’s electri- cal system represents one of the great
AND
political process is hardly indisputable (Hibbing and Theiss-Morse, 2002).
1ac
Challenging elite controlled political decisionmaking is necessary for a new form of radically open democracy that prevents violence.
Scott 4 Jerome Scott, Director of Project South: Institute for the Elimination of Poverty and Genocide and Walda Katz-Fishman, board Chair of Project South and prof @ howard univ..10-26-‘4 “Popular Democracy - a vision for our movement”http:www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/7600
When people talk about "democracy" we immediately think of "democracy for whom
AND
the new world we are visioning and fighting for. Make it happen!
1ac
And, Current energy discourse – both conventional and renewable – upholds a technological politics that always privileges “progress” over social inequalities.
Reframing the energy debate around localized solar decisionmaking is necessary to view energy as social good.
Byrne et al 6 John, Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental
AND
of Melbourne, “Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse”
Democratic Authoritarian Impulses and Uncritical Capitalist Assumptions When measured in social and political-economic
AND
. The challenge of a social inquiry into energy-society relations awaits.
And, the way energy policy is framed has a substantive impact on the outcome
Hall 93 – Krupp Foundation Professor of European Studies – Harvard University
(Peter, Comparative Politics 25.3, “Policymaking Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State”)
Only in some cases, then, will it be appropriate to speak of a
AND
relative to static, one-shot comparisons of policy across nations.65
1ac
Centralized control over energy makes violence and instability inevitable due to political manipulation and a lack of accountability. Decentralized solar challenges this elite capture
Champain 11 Phil, Director of Programs at the peacebuilding NGO International Alert, “Changing energy provision – a peacebuilding opportunity?”, January
There is one thing about which we can be certain - efforts to adjust energy
AND
This despite the key role energy plays in the development of our societies.
1ac
And, centralized energy results in destruction of the environment – localized solar is the only option
Wissenz 10 Eerik, expert on solar concentration and solar fire, “Humanity’s Energy Choices”, http://www.decent-democracy.org/Humanity-s-Energy-Choices.html
A collapse of nature is the greatest problem we face today. Some of our
AND
represents a radically lower impact on nature, very little collateral ecological damage.
And, Focus on underlying structures producing violence outweighs a one shot linear cause for conflict
Hendrick 9 (Diane, University of Bradford, Dept of Peace Studies, “Complexity Theory and Conflict  Transformation: An Exploration of Potential and Implications”, Centre for Conflict Resolution, June)
John Paul Lederach, drawing on Wheatley, has found the notion of ―process
AND
of those patterns".  (Senge, 1990; 2006 p. 2)
1ac
Contention two is resilience
Fundamentally, uncertainty and nonlinearity are inevitable due to inherent complexity within systems
Ramalingam et al 2008
Ben, Senior Research Associate at the Overseas Development Institute,  and Harry jones at ODI, "Exploring the science of complexity: Ideas and Implications for development and humanitarian efforts" http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/833.pdf   10
Concept 4: Nonlinearity5 ‘... the darkest corner of science is the realm
AND
…..ment of delivering clear, specific, measurable outcomes’ (Westley et al., 2006).
1ac
The only way to grapple with complexity is decentralized energy decisionmaking that creates linkages between a diversity of actors. This localized deliberation increases resilience and overcomes exclusion and domination
Hayward 8 Bronwyn, a senior lecturer in political science at the University of
AND
Number 3, Summer 2008, pp. 79-98 (Article)
In 2006, Iris Marion young gave a provocative address to the american Phi-
AND
had taken to address a shared concern with the limits of local deliberation.
1ac
And, Localized approaches to energy are crucial to addressing injustices – we should not view events as flashpoints of violence but rather a building up of systemic structural risks in a system
Hayward 8 Bronwyn, a senior lecturer in political science at the University of
AND
Number 3, Summer 2008, pp. 79-98 (Article)
Local conversations about climate change are important. But arguing for local deliberation is different
AND
over time. next, I consider the mediating effect of these linkages.
1ac
Bottom up approaches to energy foster adaptability to uncertainty.
O’Brien et al 9 Karen O'Brien, Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Bronwyn Hayward, 2School of Political Science and Communication, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, and Fikret Berkes, University of Manitoba, Canada Climate Change and Social Contracts, “Rethinking Social Contracts: Building Resilience in a Changing Climate”, Ecology and Society
The creation of governance systems with multilevel links, supporting partnerships and boundary organizations (
AND
means of continually renegotiating social contracts that both create and respond to change.
The United States federal government should remove state restrictions on local solar siting.
The federal government should remove restrictions that states impose on localities for renewables siting – this is crucial to avoid states’ usurping of decentralized energy production
Pursley and Wiseman 11 Garrick, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Toledo College of Law, and Hannah, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Tulsa College of Law, “Local Energy”, Emory Law Journal, 60 Emory L.J. 877
Our conclusions in the previous section are consistent with the emerging consensus in the modern
AND
much will emerge. Indeed, for a prosperous future, it must.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The net benefit means you don’t solve the aff
Byrne et al 6 John, Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental
AND
of Melbourne, “Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse”
The problems of the conventional energy order have led some to regard reinforcement of the
AND
sustainable energy initiative with social movements to address a comprehensive agenda of change.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff wont be coopted – democratic deliberation solves
Buttigieg 10 Claire, Masters in Political Science at the University of Canterbury, “DELIBERA TION IN LYTTELTON Deliberative Democratic Theory in Action: A Community Group Responds to Energy and Climate Issues”
The ability of deliberation to produce better instrumental outcomes in the form of public policy
AND
great degree the Council’s way of doing things ...” (2009:46).
Extend Hayward – focusing on lived experience is key to galvanize oppressed communities into action against injustice – their Understanding of blackness as absolute dereliction is only made possible by White ideological hegemony – the fantasy of the socially dead slave is the foundation of colonialism
Walker ’12 Tracey, Masters in Psychosocial Studies at Birkbeck University, “The
Future of Slavery: From Cultural Trauma to Ethical Remembrance”, Graduate Journal of Social Science July 2012, Vol. 9, Issue 2
To argue that there is more to the popular conception of slaves as victims who
AND
relation with our ancestors who lived and survived in the time of slavery.
The alt is a snake eating its own tail – ontologically opposing Blackness to Whiteness makes Black struggle STRUCTURALLY dependent on the existence of White Racism and wounded attachments to suffering
Pinn 2004 (Anthony, Anthony B. Pinn is an American professor and writer whose work focuses on liberation theology, Black religion, and Black humanism. Pinn is the Agnes Cullen Arnold Professor of Humanities and Professor of Religious Studies at Rice University, “‘‘Black Is, Black Ain’t’’: Victor Anderson, African American Theological Thought, and Identity,” Dialog: A Journal of Theology, Volume 43, Number 1 . Spring 2004)
This connection between ontological blackness and religion is natural because: ‘‘ontological blackness signifies
AND
longer needing to surrender personal interests for the sake of monolithic collective status.
The politics of negativity inevitably fails.  Racial identities are hetereogenous – Reformism and revolution are ultimately the same strategy
Winant 1997 (Howard, Director, UC Center for New Racial Studies. Institute for Social, Behavioral, and Economic. Research. University of California Santa Barbara, CA, Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics,http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html)
Drawing their inspiration from W.E.B. Du Bois and James Baldwin
AND
you don't know how American you are" (Thompson 1995, 429).
Afro-pessimism is the flip side of right-wing discourses about black pathology—they lock in an impoverished view of Blackness as an ontology of lack where sociality is impossible.   The alternative’s fatalistic reliance on “explanation” alone accepts in advance the ideological coordinates of whiteness.  
Moten 2008 (Fred, English Professor at Duke University, “The Case of Blackness,” Criticism, 50.2, MUSE)  
The cultural and political discourse on black pathology has been so pervasive that it could
AND
relation to that quickening, forgetive force that Agamben calls the form of life
Wilderson’s totalizing account of blackness fails because it discounts transnational forms of racism and ignores the real resistances that have and continue to take place in the marginal and diasporic spaces of society.
Ba, 2011
saer Maty Ba, u of st Andrews, “the us decentered: from black social death to cultural transformation,” cultural studies review 17:2, sept 2011
A few pages into Red, White and Black, I feared that it would
AND
examples expose the fact of Wilderson’s dubious and questionable conclusions on black film.
Red, White and Black is particularly undermined by Wilderson’s propensity for exaggeration and blinkeredness
AND
? The coffle approaches with its answers in tow.’ (340)

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A/T FISCAL CLIFF
They reduce unpredictable politics to a “story” – their theory of political capital is reductionist
Matthew Dickinson, 2005, “Neustadt, New Institutionalism and Presidential Decision Making,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, Volume 35, Issue 2, pages 259-288, June 2005
Through five editions (1960, 1968, 1976, 1980, 1990) spanning some…Neustadt’s argument in Presidential Power.
Continued…
For Nixon and his successors, however, … implications of presidential transactions with…
The agenda-setting process is too complex to predict
Roger Larocca, 2006 The Presidential Agenda: Sources of Executive Influence in Congress
The most influential model of … all individual actors behave rationally.
Prez-Congress ptx is uqely unpredictable
Nigel Bowles, 2005 “Authority and Power in Presidential Politics” Nixon’s Authority and Power, p. 5
In everyday politics the application … of federalism multiplies these complexities.
Prez influence operates on issues not bills – their internal link is indeterminate
Roger Larocca, 2006 The Presidential Agenda: Sources of Executive Influence in Congress
Previous studies of presidential agenda … and others which may stall.
Heg dumb/unpredictable
Steven Bernstein et al 2000 “God Gave Physics the Easy Problems,” European Journal of International Relations, March, 6.1, p. 43-76
In international relations, even more … variables that make up candidate causes (Geddes, 1990: 131-50; Lustick, 1996: 505-18; Jervis, 1997).
A/T CLIMATE DA
At climate change impact – complexity
CSM 12 Christian Science Monitor, “Report: Humans near tipping point that could dramatically change Earth,” June 6
Scientists have sounded warnings about … the globe as a whole.
More ev
World Bank 11 “Social Protection and Climate Resilience,” Report from an international workshop
The third theme of the workshop … planned, implemented, and subsequently evaluated.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
HARVARD NEW PLAN TEXT AND SOLVENCY EVIDENCE
The United States federal government should remove states' and Homeowner's Associations' restrictions on community solar siting.
The federal government should remove local solar siting restrictions in order to foster decentralized solar energy
Cafrey 10 Kristina, JD University of New Mexico, “The House of the Rising Sun: Homeowners' Associations, Restrictive Covenants, Solar Panels, and the Contract Clause” 50 Nat. Resources J. 721
Imagine a world in .. the Supreme Court's analysis?

Tournament:  | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should remove states' restrictions, including restrictions through Homeowners' and Property Owners' Associations, on community solar siting.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Round 2: Vs. Harvard DT, with David Heidt as the Judge.
1AC Advantages: Decentralized Energy / Structural Violence
Plan/Advocacy:Same as 1AC on caselist: The United States federal government should remove state restrictions on local solar siting.
2AC Strat: Structural violence outweighs, PIC Theory, States can't solve / are racist,
1AR: State's don't solve, indict of Politics Impacts
2AR Offense:Indicts of Politics Impacts, structural violence outweighs
Round 5: Vs. Wake HQ, with Heather Walters as the Judge.
1AC Advantages:Centralized injustice, Political scale
Plan/Advocacy:New plan text- see separate entry  
2AC Strat:
1AR:
2AR Offense:Political predictions bad, case offense
Round 7: Vs. Georgetown, with Ricky Garner as the Judge.
1AC Advantages:
Plan/Advocacy:
2AC Strat:
1AR:
2AR Offense:

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1ac
The advantage is centralized injustice
First, centralized solar power is inevitable and increasing
Jackson 12 Rob, works on the National Generation and Utilities Initiative at TRC Companies, “Outlook Bright for Future of Solar Energy”, June 29
The global solar energy market has grown to a record $257 billion according to
AND
energy demand by 2030, up from 0.4 percent in 1990.
1ac
Mainstream environmental organizations and activism is dominated by experts with racial, economic, and gender privilege. This results in violent environmental injustice against disenfranchised populations. Overcoming this exclusive form of political organizing requires decentralized grassroots energy movements focused on forming interconnections within and between local communities.
Faber and McCarthy 1 Daniel, Department of Sociology and Anthropology Northeastern University, and Deborah, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Charleston, “The Evolving Structure of the Environmental Justice Movement in the United States: New Models for Democratic Decision-Making”, Social Justice Research, Vol. 14, No. 4, December 2001
Because most mainstream environmental organizations are culturally dominated by white, middle, and upper
AND
recycling plant, and location of a power plant (Bullard, 2000).

Minority and low income communities face ongoing pollution from centralized energy production, resulting in structural violence – a shift towards decentralized solar is the first step towards combating this injustice
CEJA 12 California Environmental Justice Alliance, “Solar For All”, January 19
Low-income, communities of color have shouldered the burden of living adjacent to
AND
, revitalize neighborhoods, and give people some control over their energy future.

This system of environmental injustice creates disposable populations and threatens an emerging apocalypse that demands challenging short term catastrophe focus - visible violence develops from subterranean structures of inequity
Nixon ‘9 Rob, Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, “NEOLIBERALISM, SLOW VIOLENCE, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL PICARESQUE”, MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 55 number 3, Fall 2009, http://sustainabilityparadox.commons.gc.cuny.edu/files/2010/09/Nixon-Neoliberalism2.pdf   
The picaresque proves uncannily effective at dramatizing another critical dimension to the environmentalism of the
casualties claimed, as at Bhopal, by the forces of slow violence.  

1ac
And, Focus on underlying structures producing violence outweighs a one shot linear cause for conflict
Hendrick 9 (Diane, University of Bradford, Dept of Peace Studies, “Complexity Theory and Conflict  Transformation: An Exploration of Potential and Implications”, Centre for Conflict Resolution, June)
John Paul Lederach, drawing on Wheatley, has found the notion of ―process
AND
of those patterns".  (Senge, 1990; 2006 p. 2) 

Finally, uncertainty and nonlinearity are inevitable due to inherent complexity within systems
Ramalingam et al 2008
Ben, Senior Research Associate at the Overseas Development Institute,  and Harry jones at ODI, "Exploring the science of complexity: Ideas and Implications for development and humanitarian efforts" http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/833.pdf   10
Concept 4: Nonlinearity5 ‘... the darkest corner of science is the realm
AND
of delivering clear, specific, measurable outcomes’ (Westley et al., 2006).

1ac
The only way to grapple with complexity is decentralized energy decision-making that creates linkages based on community experience. This localized deliberation is the best form of policymaking to address socio-ecological injustice
Hayward 8 Bronwyn, a senior lecturer in political science at the University of
AND
Number 3, Summer 2008, pp. 79-98 (Article)
In 2006, Iris Marion young gave a provocative address to the american Phi-
AND
had taken to address a shared concern with the limits of local deliberation.

1ac
Next contention is political scale -
The federal government should remove restrictions that states impose on localities for solar siting – this is crucial to avoid states’ usurping of decentralized energy production. Shifting the scale of energy decision-making to localities empowers communities to create social movements for sustainable energy.
Pursley and Wiseman 11 Garrick, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Toledo College of Law, and Hannah, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Tulsa College of Law, “Local Energy”, Emory Law Journal, 60 Emory L.J. 877
Our conclusions in the previous section are consistent with the emerging consensus in the modern
AND
much will emerge. Indeed, for a prosperous future, it must.

Shifting the scale for energy siting to the local fosters grassroots movements against environmental injustice that have been historically successful. Locating energy activism at the community level undermines elite control by shifting towards everyday experience as a locus for organization.
Towers 2k George, PhD and professor of human geography at Concord University, “Applying the Political Geography of Scale: Grassroots Strategies and Environmental Justice*”, Professional Geographer, 52(1) 2000, pages 23–36
T he grassroots environmental movement is defined by geographical scale. The thou- sands
AND
the landscape taught the community the language of systemic environ- mental justice.

1ac
Historically, localized solar cooperatives have been a means for revitalization of communities – Deanwood is an example
Stiever 12 Emily, Program Director at DC Solar United Neighborhoods (DC SUN), a coalition of neighborhood solar coops dedicated to making solar accessible and affordable to all residents of DC, “Same Story, Different Time”, http://www.unsectored.net/same-story-different-time/
Solar energy is often billed as a “technology of the future” and seen
AND
own power is one tool in a larger struggle to revive their community.

1ac
Decentralized solar creates a new relationship with energy that increases community ties
Pierce 10 James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ”Designing for emotional attachment to energy”  HYPERLINK "http://www.jamesjpierce.com/publications/pierce-emotional_energy.pdf" http://www.jamesjpierce.com/publications/pierce-emotional_energy.pdf
4.2. Transforming our relationships with energy. One of the primary aims
AND
and materiality with the aim of redirecting everyday interactions and practices toward sustainability.

1ac
And, The scale of impact calculus comes first.

Systemic injustice persists through an elite scale of impact calculus that trivializes structural violence and over codes local struggles with global threats. Challenging this system requires your decision start from the scale of localized exclusions not top-down managerialism – the way the politics of energy is FRAMED is key
McCan 3 Eugene, Professor of Geography – Ohio State University, “FRAMING SPACE AND TIME IN THE CITY: URBAN POLICY AND THE POLITICS OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALE” JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Volume 25, Number 2, pages 159–178
My purpose is to consider how a burgeoning literature in critical human geography can provide
AND

sorts of scalar arguments that were, for instance, exhibited in Austin.

1ac
And, the way energy policy is framed has a substantive impact on the outcome
Hall 93 – Krupp Foundation Professor of European Studies – Harvard University
(Peter, Comparative Politics 25.3, “Policymaking Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State”)
Only in some cases, then, will it be appropriate to speak of a
AND
relative to static, one-shot comparisons of policy across nations.65 

The federal government should remove homeowner’s associations’ local solar siting restrictions in order to foster decentralized solar energy
Cafrey 10 Kristina, JD University of New Mexico, “The House of the Rising Sun: Homeowners' Associations, Restrictive Covenants, Solar Panels, and the Contract Clause” 50 Nat. Resources J. 721
Imagine a world in which people live in happy, friendly neighborhoods--a world
AND
) Do these state laws invalidating CCRs fit within the Supreme Court's analysis?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States Federal Government should remove states' restrictions, including restrictions through homeowners' and property owners associations' on community solar production. 

[Note: we just noticed that previous scouting transcription said solar power, not production, which was never our text]

Tournament: ndt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard DT | Judge: Beier, Vint, Lain
The United States federal government should remove states' restrictions on community solar energy production.

Tournament: ndt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard DT | Judge: Beier, Vint, Lain
Sequestration should have triggered impact and guts lefal infrastructure for CIR
Khimm 2/14/13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blog/wonkblog/wp/2013/02/24/sequester-would-make-our-immigration-system-more-dysfunctional/?wprss=rss_ezra-klein
First, the sequestration would slash %15 million...
AND
more secure it has made our borders.

AT: PATH TO CITIZENSHIP
The path to citizenship is a ruse – immmigrants go to the back of the line and wait forever
Khimm 2-19, “Undocumented immifrants would have 13-year wait for citizenship under Obama plan”
A draft of the White House immigration bill was leaked…
AND
even longer than it looks on paper.

AT: CIR - UNIONS
Unions are making a power frab ad are bad for immigrants – want to sabotage guest workers because they can’t gelp organizing
WSJ 1-31, Kimberley A. Strassel, “Immigration’s Poison Pill: Big Labor”
The president was of course referring…
AND
and the GOP shouldn’t fall for it.

AT: CIR GOOD – SV
CIR is way worse and CAUSES structural violence
A. racism
Minhaz 11/12, “Deformists vs. Madicals: Reflections on Praxis”
What does praxis look like…
AND
to never be content with inclusion.

B. imperial violence
Progressive Labor Party 6/22/12, “Immigration Reform: Dead End for Workers”
The new policy is also…
AND
fight the bosses’ imperialist wars. 

Tournament: ndt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard DT | Judge: Beier, Vint, Lain
Aff decreases growth and the alt’s radicalism means it can never solve because it remain inaccessible to the vast majority of people – only the perm has a chance
Schwartzman 12, David, “A Critique of Degrowth and its Politics,” Capitalism Nature Socialism 23:1, 119-125
A shift to wind- and solar-generatied electricity as an energy…
AND
a reprise of the (failed) 1960s hippy commune culture.

Tournament: ndt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard DT | Judge: Lain, Vint, Beier
Interp: restrictions are a legal limitation on the use of real property or land
California Civil Code 2012, Deering’s California Codes Annotated
“Restriction,” when used in a statute…
AND
subsequent, negative easement, or other form of restriction.

We meet
Wells 12, Ken, “Solar Energy is Ready. The US Isn’t,” Oct
Despite such breakthroughs…
AND
power rates in many states.

Tournament: ndt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard DT | Judge: Beier, Vint, Lain
Biased
Bronin 10, Sara, “Curbing Energy Sprawl with Microgrids,” 43 Conn. L. Rev. 547
Utility companies, which tend to object to…
AND
effective, in getting their initiatives passed into law.

Tournament: ndt | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard DT | Judge: Beier, Vint, Lain
Your author concludes aff in the section after your card – nonlinearity is true and complexity is useful for policymaking
Rosenau 97, James, “Many Damn Things Simultaneously: Compexity Theory and World Affairs”
Theorizing within the limits…
AND
fragmegrated world and theorizing within its limits.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1ac
The advantage is centralized injustice
First, centralized solar power is inevitable and increasing
Jackson 12 Rob, works on the National Generation and Utilities Initiative at TRC Companies, “Outlook Bright for Future of Solar Energy”, June 29
The global solar energy market has grown to a record $257 billion according to
AND
energy demand by 2030, up from 0.4 percent in 1990.

Mainstream environmental organizations and activism is dominated by experts with racial, economic, and gender privilege. This results in violent environmental injustice against disenfranchised populations. Overcoming this exclusive form of political organizing requires decentralized grassroots energy movements focused on forming interconnections within and between local communities.
Faber and McCarthy 1 Daniel, Department of Sociology and Anthropology Northeastern University, and Deborah, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Charleston, “The Evolving Structure of the Environmental Justice Movement in the United States: New Models for Democratic Decision-Making”, Social Justice Research, Vol. 14, No. 4, December 2001
Because most mainstream environmental organizations are culturally dominated by white, middle, and upper
AND
American businesses are adopting strategies with respect to the disposal of toxic wastes,
exploitation of mineral wealth, and pollution abatement which are not only the most economically
AND
recycling plant, and location of a power plant (Bullard, 2000).

Minority and low-income communities experience disproportionate pollution resulting from centralized energy siting practices. Decentralized solar energy challenges this structure of ongoing violence.
Behles 13 Deborah, Associate Professor and Staff Attorney at Golden Gate University School of Law, “FROM DIRTY TO GREEN: INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE COMMUNITIES”, 58 Vill. L. Rev. 25, lexis
C. Reduce Pollution Burden of Environmental Justice Communities A policy encouraging renewable energy development
AND
to encourage energy efficiency upgrades, but that is not explored further here. 

Environmental injustice outweighs any impact on probability and magnitude – risk assessment is epistemologically biased towards white male elites who discount the severity of localized environmental hazards in destroying marginalized communities.
Verchick 96 Robert, Assistant Professor, University of Missouri -- Kansas City School of Law. J.D., Harvard Law School, 1989, “IN A GREENER VOICE: FEMINIST THEORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE” 19 Harv. Women's L.J. 23
Because risk assessment is based on statistical measures of risk, policymakers view it as
AND
From a feminist perspective, these findings are important because they suggest that risk
assessors, politicians, and bureaucrats -- the large majority of whom are white men
AND
, therefore, destined to fail. n334 By the same token, even
dual approaches that combine science and experience will fall short if the appeal to experience
AND
, and to remain committed to broad and open dialogue with the community.

This system of environmental injustice creates disposable populations and threatens an emerging apocalypse that demands challenging short term catastrophe focus - visible violence develops from subterranean structures of inequity
Nixon ‘9 Rob, Professor of English at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, “NEOLIBERALISM, SLOW VIOLENCE, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL PICARESQUE”, MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 55 number 3, Fall 2009, http://sustainabilityparadox.commons.gc.cuny.edu/files/2010/09/Nixon-Neoliberalism2.pdf   
The picaresque proves uncannily effective at dramatizing another critical dimension to the environmentalism of the
AND
the vulnerability of the black body. This leads me to think that if
South African whiteness is a beneficiary of the protectiveness assured by international whiteness, it
AND
to as-yet-unrealized-threats. Through this double gaze they
restage environmental time, asserting its broad parameters against the myopic, fevered immediacy that
AND
casualties claimed, as at Bhopal, by the forces of slow violence.  

And, Focus on underlying structures producing violence outweighs a one shot linear cause for conflict
Hendrick 9 (Diane, University of Bradford, Dept of Peace Studies, “Complexity Theory and Conflict  Transformation: An Exploration of Potential and Implications”, Centre for Conflict Resolution, June)
John Paul Lederach, drawing on Wheatley, has found the notion of ―process
AND
of those patterns".  (Senge, 1990; 2006 p. 2) 

Uncertainty and nonlinearity are inevitable due to inherent complexity within systems
Ramalingam et al 2008
Ben, Senior Research Associate at the Overseas Development Institute,  and Harry jones at ODI, "Exploring the science of complexity: Ideas and Implications for development and humanitarian efforts" http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/833.pdf   10
Concept 4: Nonlinearity5 ‘... the darkest corner of science is the realm
…… ‘fallen under the enchantment of delivering clear, specific, measurable outcomes’ (Westley et al., 2006).

Not all predictive policymaking is impossible – energy decision-making at the local scale resolves our complexity theory arguments because it facilitates a constantly shifting form of organization that is adaptive to unpredictability and foments movements against injustice
Gilchrist 2k Alison, BA and MS, Regional Links Manager (England) for the Community Develop- ment Foundation, advising the emerging regional authorities on their strat- egies for community involvement in a variety of government funding programmes and policy initiatives, “The well-connected community: networking to the edge of chaos”, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL VOL. 35 NO. 3 July 2000 pp. 264–275
Organizational studies suggest that network forms of organization provide the most effective means of coping
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disconnect people from the rest of society. As the recent PAT 9 Report
 (SEU, 1999) recognized, informal networks provide a crucial foundation for community
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of contemporary or contested values of social justice. Oppression, prejudice and social
exclusion hinder and distort communication of information across the system and constrain potentially advantageous collaborative
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participation in community activities and the strength- ening of local democratic processes.

Next contention is political scale -
The federal government should remove restrictions that states impose on localities for solar siting – this is crucial to avoid states’ usurping of decentralized energy production. Shifting the scale of energy decision-making to localities empowers communities to create social movements for sustainable energy.
Pursley and Wiseman 11 Garrick, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Toledo College of Law, and Hannah, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Tulsa College of Law, “Local Energy”, Emory Law Journal, 60 Emory L.J. 877
Our conclusions in the previous section are consistent with the emerging consensus in the modern
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proposed cooperative regulatory scheme. *936 1. Local Institutional Advantages The
nature of environmental problems and the costs associated with their remediation varies greatly from place
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exercise the primary regulatory role in distributed renewables promotion. n338 2. Local
Political and Technological Dynamics There are two additional reasons to prefer local government authority rather
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requires that they be modified to function under different sets of local conditions.
Making local governments the primary regulators will increase the number of different sets of regulatory
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energy regulations, bolstered by a minimum federal standard, would fall squarely within
Congress's affirmative legislative powers under the modern, expansive interpretation of the Commerce Clause.
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much will emerge. Indeed, for a prosperous future, it must.

Community solar energy and microgrids are prohibited by the states now – the aff solves and enables small scale cost sharing
Bronin 10 Sara, Associate Professor of Law, University of Connecticut, “Curbing Energy Sprawl with Microgrids”, 43 Conn. L. Rev. 547
With demand for energy showing no signs of abating, slowing energy sprawl will require
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uniform approach to microgrids would be part of a multi-faceted solution.

Shifting the scale for energy siting to the local fosters grassroots movements against environmental injustice that have been historically successful. Locating energy activism at the community level undermines elite control by shifting towards everyday experience as a locus for organization.
Towers 2k George, PhD and professor of human geography at Concord University, “Applying the Political Geography of Scale: Grassroots Strategies and Environmental Justice*”, Professional Geographer, 52(1) 2000, pages 23–36
T he grassroots environmental movement is defined by geographical scale. The thou- sands
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scale. How were several dozen Monroe Countians, marshaling only a few thousand
dollars for their cause, able to defeat one of the country’s biggest corporations?
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Can” be- cause the building had become “especially evocative of the
neighborhood’s blue-collar heritage” (Merrifield 1993, 111). Similarly, actors
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transmission lines (Consumer Energy Council of America Re- search Foundation 1990).
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Secondly, focusing on the scale of route in- creased organizational motivation. Instead
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the scale of the grassroots did not, however, ob- viate their
dedication to environmental justice. Power line opponents used their framing of the scale of
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the landscape taught the community the language of systemic environ- mental justice.

Locating solar energy siting decision-making at the scale of communities is crucial for energy justice – it spurs fundamental social change in spite of complexity
Miller 9 Clark, associate director of the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes and associate director of the Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University. He is also an associate professor in the School of Politics and Global Studies at ASU. He serves on the advisory committee for the Nanotechnology Informal Science Education Network and the Bovay Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society at the National Academy of Engineering. In 2003, he served as a consultant to the United Nations Environment Programme and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Miller is the co-editor of Changing the Atmosphere: Expert Knowledge and Environmental Governance, “ENERGY JUSTICE”, July 21, http://www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cairoreview/pages/articledetails.aspx?aid=164
The fight over Keystone XL is thus as much about justice as it is about
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, accrete from the daily decisions of millions of individuals, families, and
organizations. The transformation of the air transportation industry after 9/11 also reveals
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change, it is useful to differentiate the benefits, costs, and risks
that occur upstream, in energy production, midstream, in energy consumption, and
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of the future are not only more environmentally friendly but also more just.

Orienting energy siting decisions around the local scale opens up political decision-making to gendered knowledge and experiences usually isolated to the domestic sphere – that’s crucial to social mobilization against injustice
Abbruzzese and Wekerle 11 Teresa V. Abbruzzese is a PhD candidate in the
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A Journal of Women Studies Volume 32, Number 2, 2011
Women are often at the forefront of place-based struggles against development and sprawl
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scale and uneven gender relations in producing and reproducing the exploitation of nature.

Decentralized solar energy policy reorients decision-making to increase gender equality
Lambrou and Piana 6 Yianna, Senior Officer in the Gender, Equity and Rural Employment Division of the Economic and Social Development Department at FAO, and Grazia, “ENERGY AND GENDER ISSUES IN RURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Government actions are needed at both the national and the local level to remove the
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for women’s empowerment, thus facilitating progress towards the goal of gender equality.

And, The scale of impact calculus comes first.
Systemic injustice persists through an elite scale of impact calculus that trivializes structural violence and over codes local struggles with global threats. Challenging this system requires your decision start from the scale of localized exclusions not top-down managerialism – the way the politics of energy is FRAMED is key
McCan 3 Eugene, Professor of Geography – Ohio State University, “FRAMING SPACE AND TIME IN THE CITY: URBAN POLICY AND THE POLITICS OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALE” JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Volume 25, Number 2, pages 159–178
My purpose is to consider how a burgeoning literature in critical human geography can provide
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the city has important, if unpredictable, implications for policy and politics.
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Three specific points can be drawn from this literature that relate directly to the politics
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these strategies and the use of scale as a framework for political persuasion.
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The first aspect of the politics of scale in Austin revolves around conflicting attempts to
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while maintaining necessary political legitimacy. In response to this crisis, a new
discursive framing was developed in the late 1990s. This framing identified the city’s major
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sorts of scalar arguments that were, for instance, exhibited in Austin.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CIR is worse for structural violence – its an excuse for border security and policing immigrant communities
Nevins 11-15-12 Joseph, teaches geography at Vassar College, “Ronald Reagan and Comprehensive Immigration Reform”, https://nacla.org/blog/2012/11/15/ronald-reagan-and-comprehensive-immigration-reform

While “comprehensive immigration reform” means …. the likelihood of arrest for all sorts of activities that many people in the United States regularly engage in is greatly heightened.  

Their PC key author admits his PC is ineffective if it doesn’t focus on the economy
Nakamura 3-1 – Their author (David,-  staff writer for the Washington Post “Obama to refocus attention on immigration, gun control” 3-1)

Obama has “got to be an effective … colleagues for more cordial discussions.  

Path to citizenship is nonsense – secures state control over the undocumented
CSM 3-28-13 Christian Science Monitor, “'Path to citizenship' roils immigration reform. But what is it, exactly?” http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0328/Path-to-citizenship-roils-immigration-reform.-But-what-is-it-exactly

Instead, both conservative and Democratic … least eight years before they can attempt to change their immigration status. 

Nevins 11-15-12 Joseph, teaches geography at Vassar College, “Ronald Reagan and Comprehensive Immigration Reform”, https://nacla.org/blog/2012/11/15/ronald-reagan-and-comprehensive-immigration-reform

Thus, when Schumer and Graham … Schumer’s and Graham’s new bottle is a key step in doing so.