Tournament: umkc | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Interpretation – The 1AC Must Provide a “Trade-Off Frame” that Recommends One Course of Action as Particularly Suitable

Nor a Particular Recommendation on Energy Production.

Should Means Recommendation

Reasons to Vote Negative:

In the Context of Energy Policy “Trade-Off Frames” are Key to Forward Deliberation and Challenge Elite Framing

Pralle and Boscarino, 2k11. (Sarah Pralle, Associate Professor of Political Science at the Maxwell School at Syracuse, PhD in Political Science from the Univ of Washington; and Jessica Boscarino, Assistant Professor @ Marist College, PhD from Syracuse Univ. “Framing Trade-Offs: The Politics of Nuclear Power and Wind Energy in the Age of Global Climate Change” Review of Policy Research, Volume 28, Issue 4. Pg.323-346. July. Online. [KevC] AAAA) 

Much of the policy framing literature examines….. stale debates and policy paralysis (see Hirsch et al., 2010).

And, Shively. 

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Framework -

Interpretation – The Negative Gets to Negate Affirmative Choices.

B. Subpoint – Violation – ‘Plan Focus’ Shields Them of Responsibility for the Words, Phrases, and Justifications of their Advocacy, Because It Reduces 9 Minutes of Speech into One Sentence.

C. Subpoint – Impacts –

It’s Key to Accountable Agency – Their Framework Makes Testing Knowledge Production of Politics Impossible and Reduces Agency to Docility.

Jones, 2k9. (Harry Jones, Research Officer in RAPID (Research and Policy in Development), Master’s Degree in Mathematics and Philosophy from Balliol College and Overseas Development Institute. “Policy-Making as Discourse: a Review of Recent Knowledge-to-Policy Literature. Joint IKM Emergent – ODI Working Paper No. 5. Online. [KevC])

This working paper explores the current understanding,….. and integrated by experts and think-tanks.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
same cites as last year

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1 Off Afro-Pessimism K 

The 1ac’s celebration of participatory democracy is grossly inadequate to theorize the singularity of antiblackness. Civil society is founded upon the murder of Black and Red bodies.
Wilderson 2010
Frank, Associate Professor at UC Irvine’s Department of Drama and African American Studies, Red, White and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, 3-12, 23-4 J.Liu)
What are we to make .... films in parts 2, 3, and 4.

The affirmative’s hope in continuous renewable energy production epitomizes fantasy of whiteness as it cannot account for the irreparable loss that defines blackness. Only an ecomelancholia can approach the earth as a site of black memory.
James 2011
Jennifer C., Assoc Prof of English and Director of the Africana Studies Program at George Washington University, “Ecomelancholia: Slavery, War, and Black Ecological Imaginings” Environmental Criticism for the Twenty-First Century, pp 163-7, 171-172 J.Liu)
As if long awaiting a sympathetic listener, the… rectification while destruction occurs unabated.
AND In these early works, Clifton began to articulate an environmental…. is one all life all death all one (43)

The affirmative’s anchor within a regime of energy production and a democratization of work assumes a Gramscian struggle for hegemony. The slave, positioned as a recipient of direct force and terror, demands an end to production and the entire coherence of civil society.
Wilderson 2003
Frank, Associate Professor at UC Irvine’s Department of Drama and African American Studies, “Gramsci’s Black Marx: Whither the Slave in Civil Society?” Social Identities 9.2 J.Liu) 

Any serious consideration of the question… a progressively expanding civil society as well.
AND Capital was kick-started by the …. c onstituent element: black accumulation and death.
AND Conclusion Civil society is the terrain where hegemony is produced…. wings — the understudy of Gramsci’s hegemony.

White supremacy is a global modality of genocidal violence—slavery may have ended in name, but its operational logic continues to fester. Reformist measures simply fuel the unending violence of antiblackness.
Rodriguez 2011
Dylan, PhD in Ethnic Studies Program of the University of California Berkeley and Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of California Riverside, “The Black Presidential Non-Slave: Genocide and the Present Tense of Racial Slavery”, Political Power and Social Theory Vol. 22, pp. 38-43 J.Liu) 

To crystallize what I hope to be the potentially…. overwhelming consent of white/multiculturalist civil society.

The alternative is to engage in an unflinching paradigmatic analysis of antiblackness.
The power to post the question is the greater power of all. Political ontology is a scandal which cannot and will not account for the gratuitous violence of slavery. Only the alternative engages in the call for total abolition.
Wilderson 2010
Frank, Associate Professor at UC Irvine’s Department of Drama and African American Studies, Red, White and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, ix-x, 54-9 J.Liu)
Strange as it might seem ...  ontological status of the Black.

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They Use a Flawed Methodology for Calculating Risk – Purely Conjoining Together Link Claims Only Makes their Predictions Less Likely and Misdirects Resources
Berube, 2k. (David M Berube, PhD, and Associate Professor of Speech Communication and Director of Debate at the Univ of South Carolina. “Debunking Mini-Max Reasoning: The Limits of Extended Causal Chains in Contest Debating” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate. 21(2000). Online PDF.)
What was a knotty piece of evidence in the ....literally begs the question of equivocation.
 

Their Methodology Authorizes Scholars to Jam Together Decontextualized Predictions Which Collapses Existential Risk Analysis
Kessler, 2k8. (Oliver Kessler, Prof Sociology @ Univ of Bielefield. “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives. 33(2008).)
The problem of the second method is that ...security problems can be assessed with relative certainty. 

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Accidents or Terrorism Make On-Site Disasters Inevitable
Lendman, 2k6. (Stephen Lendman, Research Assistant of the Centre for Research on Globalization. “Comments on Helen Caldicott’s New Book: Nuclear Power is Not the Answer” August 7. Online.)
Chapter 4 - Accidental and Terrorist-Induced ....of the world’s nuclear plants.  

Even Without Meltdown, an On-Site Disaster Causes a ‘Spent-Fuel’ Fire, Which Outweighs
Alvarez, 2k2. (Robert Alvarez, Served as Senior Policy Adviser in the Energy Department, Senior Scholar at the Institute for Policy Studies. “What About the Spent Fuel?” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists. Volume 58, No 1. SAGE Publications. KevC)
Until recently, concerns about attacks ....Long Island and even New York City. 

Reliance on Nuclear Ensures Extinction – Solar Flares Cause Wide-Scale Meltdowns that Overwhelm Safety Measures.
IB Times, 2k11. (International Business Times. “Solar Flare Could Unleash Nuclear Holocaust Across Planet Earth, Forcing Hundreds of Nuclear Power Plants into Total Meltdowns” Sept 14. Online.)
But what if human civilization faced a far greater ....It's a very, very small fraction of the total population.

The Nuclear Industry Promotes Genocide Against Natives
Churchill, 93. (Ward Churchill, Professor of Communication @ Colorado Univ. Struggle for the Land. Common Courage Press. Pg 276.)
Of course, as American Indian Movement ....genocide ...no more, no less.""

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
TEXT: insert/specify NRC regions/and/or states

Collision with a Tornado Causes a Meltdown in Nuclear Reactors
The Ecologist, 2k3

The Impact is North American Extinction
Wasserman, 2k2

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Ice Age 

Biodiversity 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Independent from Our Scenario-Planning Link, Debate Suffers from “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” Effect – Where the Banal Repetition of Apocalypse Increases Public Cynicism and Elite Control.
Randals, 2k9. (Samuel Randals, Department of Geography @ the Univ College London, and Marieke de Goede, Department of European Studies @ the Univ of Amsterdam. “Precaution, Preemption: Arts and Technologies of the Actionable Future” Environment and Planning.  27.)
Politics We have argued that preemption in contemporary …. all too often evacuated from media sensationalism.
Turns Case – Political Disaffection Causes Serial Policy Failure and Elite TakeOver
Offe, 2k6. (Claus Offe. “Political Disaffection as an Outcome of Institutional Practices?” in Torcal, Mariano, and J.R. Montero (Eds). Political Disaffection in Contemporary Democracies. London Routledge. 2006: 23-45. Online. KevC)
If we speak of political disaffection… the political order, etc.
AND This short excursion into…. information on which we all depend

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their Justifications for Nuclear Energy Based on Hyperbole Only Cause Dis-Affection and Protest.
Weart, 91. (Spencer R. Weart, Director of the Centre for History of Physics @ American Institute of Physics. “Images of Nuclear Energy: Why People Feel the Way they Do” Special Report, IAEA Bulletin, 3/1991. Online. J.Reed)
There was another aspect of nuclear energy …. was to become more anxious.

They Re-Cycle the Narrative of Nuclear Energy Tied to Modern Warfare –
Weart, 91. (Spencer R. Weart, Director of the Centre for History of Physics @ American Institute of Physics. “Images of Nuclear Energy: Why People Feel the Way they Do” Special Report, IAEA Bulletin, 3/1991. Online. J.Reed)
Controversy over nuclear energy, both bombs and reactors… powerful devices themselves came later. 

Turns Case – Tapping into Fear-Based Justifications Makes Dealing with Radioactive Waste Disposal Impossible
Slovic, 2k10. (Paul Slovic, Nuclear Psychologist, PhD at Univ of Michigan, Professor of Psychology @ Department of Oregon Univ., President of Decision Research. “The Psychology of ‘Risk’” Saúde Social, São Paulo, Volume 19, Number 4, p. 731-747. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/sausoc/v19n4/02.pdf KevC)
Ironically, as our society… and other chemical facilities. 

Justifications Based on Anti-Proliferation Backfire Against Nuclear Power
Leiter, 2k8. (Amanda Leiter, Visiting Associate Professor at Georgetown Univ. “The Perils of a Half-Built Bridge: Risk Perception, Shifting Majorities, and the Nuclear Power Debate” Ecology Law Quarterly, 35 Ecology L.Q. 31. LexisNexis.)
The first possible outcome… little to reshape attitudes. n174

Justifying Nuclear Energy Simultaneously through Danger and Redemption Only Creates a Short-Term Rush to Action, and Long-Term Opposition.
Weart, 91. (Spencer R. Weart, Director of the Centre for History of Physics @ American Institute of Physics. “Images of Nuclear Energy: Why People Feel the Way they Do” Special Report, IAEA Bulletin, 3/1991. Online. J.Reed)
Fears of nuclear energy … scarcely admitted anxieties. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Entwining Debates About Climate Change to Nuclear War Only Makes Banality Inevitable
Randals and De Goede, 2k9. (Samuel Randals, Department of Geography @ the Univ College London, and Marieke de Goede, Department of European Studies @ the Univ of Amsterdam. “Precaution, Preemption: Arts and Technologies of the Actionable Future” Environment and Planning.  27. KevC)
Constructing the threat Threats do not exist … reformulated itself against new enemies.
AND If humans are the ones to blame, then humans… is required for ethical political engagement. 

Fear Appeals Suffer from the “Finite-Pool-of-Worry” Effect – This is Where the Short-Term Nature of Fear, Causes Long-Term Desensitization and Trades-Off with Local Action.  
Cole, et al., 2k9. (Sophie Nicholson-Cole, Senior Research Associate in the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research @ the Univ of East Anglia; Saffron O’Neill, Tutor at the Univ of East Anglia, and a Research Fellow with the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. “ “Fear Won’t Do It” Promoting Positive Engagement with  Climate Change through Visual and Iconic Representations” Science Communication, Volume 30, No 3. March 2009. SAGE Publications. KevC)
The laboratory studies reviewed by Hastings et al… could act on constructively.

Turns Case – In the Context of Climate Change, Fear Appeals Delegitimize Scholarship
Cole, et al., 2k9. (Sophie Nicholson-Cole, Senior Research Associate in the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research @ the Univ of East Anglia; Saffron O’Neill, Tutor at the Univ of East Anglia, and a Research Fellow with the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. “ “Fear Won’t Do It” Promoting Positive Engagement with  Climate Change through Visual and Iconic Representations” Science Communication, Volume 30, No 3. March 2009. SAGE Publications. KevC)
Every day, most individuals are faced …. climate risks (Futerra, 2005). 

Catastrophic Framing of Global Warming Diverts Attention Away from the Biodiversity Movement, Which Outweighs.
Crist, 2k7. (Eileen Crist, BA in Sociology @ Haverford College, Doctoral Degree from Boston Univ., Teaches @ Virginia Tech in the Dept of Science and Technology in Society. “Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse” Telos, 141, Winter. Online PDF. KevC)
 The dominant frame of climate change… ongoing  destruction of life on Earth.
AND All these interconnected dimensions… wounding of life on Earth

Catastrophic Framing of Climate Change Fragments Coalitions – This Turns Case – It Trades-Off with Proximal Solutions.
Martin, et al., 2k9. (Brian Martin and Patrick Hodder, Faculty of Arts @ Univ of Wollongong. “Climate Crisis? The Politics of Emergency Framing” Economic and Business Weekly, Volume 44, No. 36. September 5. Online. J.Miller)
Should climate change be considered an emergency? … short-term reversed later on.

Motivation through Spectacle Secretly Produces Enjoyment – This Collapses Deliberation into the Consumption of ‘Climate Porn’
Biro, 2k12. (Andrew Biro, BA, MA, PhD, Canada Research Chair in Political Ecology and Environmental Political Theory. “The Good Life in the Greenhouse? Autonomy, Democracy, and Citizenship in a Warmer World” Paper Presented @ the Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association. March 22-24. Online PDF. KevC)
‘Climate Porn’ or the Catastrophe of Catastrophism  …. to deal with climate change effectively.  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their Pedagogy Inhibits Education – They Ignore the Affective Dimension of Learning – The Speed of their Delivery is Emblematic of a General Trend Toward Disenchantment, Which Threatens the Survival of Politics.
Hart, 2k7. (Tobin Hart, Professor of Psychology and Transformative Education @ Univ of West Georgia, BA in Psych @ Univ of Florida, Med in Counseling and Human Development @ St. Lawrence Univ, PhD in Counseling Psych @ Univ of Massachusetts and Co-founder and President of the Child Spirit Institute. “Reciprocal Revelation: Toward a Pedagogy of Interiority” Journal of Cognitive and Affective Learning, Volume 3, No 2. Spring. J.Miller)
The process of deep learning in secular domains is no different….. information to be explored (Hart, 2001a).
AND With most topics, there…. which is an aspect of our interiority.
AND The word “understanding” means literally… toward becoming a wisdom tradition  itself. 

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We Begin with Our Alternative – Reject…
Using the Term “Holocaust” in Predictive Analysis Trivializes the Meaning and Obscures Our Understanding of the Causes of Mass Murder.
Rosenbaum, 2k9. (Alan S. Rosenbaum, Professor of Philosophy @ Cleveland State U. Introduction to the First Edition. Is the HOLOCAUST UNIQUE? Perspectives on Comparative Genocide. Third Edition. Ed. Alan S. Rosenbaum. Pg. 13-14;18 KevC)
Indeed, substantial differences of opinion remain… they encourage comparative genocide studies.
AND In conclusion, the basic interests of truth and justice… denial of any given calamity.  

This Turns Case – Preserving Historical Accuracy Within Genocide Studies is Key to Correctly Identify and Prevent the Reoccurrence of Mass Murder.
Rosenbaum, 2k9. (Alan S. Rosenbaum, Professor of Philosophy @ Cleveland State U. Introduction to the First Edition. Is the HOLOCAUST UNIQUE? Perspectives on Comparative Genocide. Third Edition. Ed. Alan S. Rosenbaum. Pg. 3-4 KevC)
In general, this book is premised upon… technoindustrialization of genocide.

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The 1AC is an Act of Enclosure – They Force Reliance on the Market and Insert Market Values as a Mediator Between the Producer and their Means of Livelihood
Adaman and Madra (Bogazici University, Department of Economics) 12
(Fikret and Yahya M., Understanding Neoliberalism as Economization: The Case of the Ecology)
Michel Foucault’s close reading of some of the key texts of neoliberal….. everything is commodifiable (see also Fine and Milonakis, 2009). 

Acts of Enclosure are More than Appropriation of Resources – They are Ways of Promoting an Understanding that Folds Subjects into Neo-Liberal Social Relations
DE ANGELIS ’04 (MASSIMO, HISTORICAL MATERIALISM, VOL. 12-2, (57-87), “Separating the Doing and the Deed: Capital and the Continuous Character of Enclosure”)
Enclosures bring about the… radical discourse on alternatives.

The Aff’s rhetoric of “community empowerment” should not be understood as a limitation on the power of the state – instead it is the displacement of the power of the state away from authority and into governmentality
Foucault ‘8 The Birth of Biopolitics p. 30
This art of government is certainly new in its mechanisms, its effects, and its principle…. which was the problem of the constitution.

The impacts – The aff’s biopolitical technique of governance links primitive accumulation to expansion of the state apparatus ––the end of all life is the impact
DE ANGELIS ’04 (MASSIMO, HISTORICAL MATERIALISM, VOL. 12-2, (57-87), “Separating the Doing and the Deed: Capital and the Continuous Character of Enclosure”)
The key difference thus resides,…. of any alternative to capitalism!
The alternative: “no” to captalist enclosures, “yes” to commons. The production of commons is a struggle against enclosures – this struggle is most important in the fight against commodification of land and food.  
De Angelis, Reader in Economics @ the University of East London, ’03 (Massimo, The Commoner, N. 6, Winter, “Reflections on alternatives, commons and communities, or, building a new world from the bottom up, p.   )
Again, bit by bit, wherever it can reach, this movement…. waste of social wealth!” 

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T-Necessary
Violation – Plantext Uses the Word ‘Necessary’
And, This is a Reasons to Vote Negative for Competitive Equity -
First – It’s AFF Conditionality – Allows them to Jettison Parts of their Advocacy By Claiming Certain Parts are Not Necessary – Makes All Counterplans Not Competitive.
Second – No Solvency – The Agent of Implementation Would Reject the 1AC Because of Vagueness – Means Plan Gets Rolled Back.  
Third – Proves NO Increase is Determined By the 1AC Which is the Starting Point for All Disad and Counterplan Ground 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
We Dare You to Look Away from the Fear and Anxiety Wished Upon You by the Affirmative. 

Our Only Response to the Meaninglessness of Existence Must Be Affirmation – Sovereignty of the Self is Loving Every Moment with Nothing Subtracted.
Kain, 2k7. (Phillip J. Kain, Pennsylvania State University. “Nietzsche, Eternal Recurrence, and the Horror of Existence” Journal of Nietzsche Studies. Pg. 58)
For the same reason…. to that suffering.

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The Nihilism of Modern Society Has Its Roots in Egyptianism, Which is the Search for an Objective and Un-Changing Beginning from Which to Explain Value – But, Reductionism Only Perpetuates Dis-Enchantment by Explaining Away the Meaning to Existence –
Gare, 2k5. (Aaran Gare, Professor of Political Economy @ the Univ of London. “Mathematics, Explanation and Reductionism: Exposing the Roots of Egyptianism of European Civilization” Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy. Volume 1. No. 1. KevC)
Abstract: We have reached the peculiar…. which clearly can only be space itself.33
AND We have already noted… required to do justice to their insights.141 

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Their Understanding of Ethics Harbors a Fantasy of Self-Sufficiency and Plenitude with the Other – Pity is Only a Defense Mechanism Produced to Relieve and Secure the Psyche – Abandon their Attempt to De-Otherize the Other
Ure, 2k6. (Michael Ure, Monash Univeristy. “The Irony of Pity: Nietzsche Contra Schopenhauer and Rousseau” The Journal of Nietzsche Studies, Volume 32 (2006) 68-91 Project Muse. KevC)
Nietzsche is intent on stripping away…. treatments of the origins and worth of pity.9
AND We can see in both Rousseau's and Schopenhauer's….. transformations and modulations of narcissism.
AND Schopenhauer reveals here that the pitying…. motivated by the other's suffering.
AND Of course, the corollary of Schopenhauer's….. of its own most desired state.)40
AND It is because Nietzsche sees how their notion.... the following aphorism: End Page 80
AND Nietzsche also briefly extends his… lock ourselves and others out of paradise.

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Value is Not Based on Duration or Longevity – Living As If We’re Never-Going-to-Die, Just Means We Will Die Having-Never-Really-Lived.
Razinsky, 2k9. (Liran Razinsky. “How to Look Death in the Eyes: Freud and Bataille” SubStance, Issue 119 (Volume 38, Number 2). 2009. Pg 76-81 ProjectMuse. KevC)
Thus far we have mainly discussed our… , life “as it is” is false and superficial.

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Disorder is Inevitable – Their Worship of Security Evacuates Meaning from Life and Creates a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Der Derian, 93. (James Der Derian. “The Value of Security: Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche and Baudrillard” Critical Practices in International Theory. Routledge 09. Pg . 149-159 KevC)
The rapidity of change in… bomb-site for a permanently electioneering elite.  
AND Nietzsche transvalues both Hobbes’s and Marx’s interpretations …..own fearsomeness, not also diminished?47

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
We Need to Do More About These Brief, Panicked Thoughts About Climate Change, Only Fully Doubling the Amount of Panic to 40 Seconds Can Solve.
The Onion, 2k11. (The Onion, America’s Finest News Source. “We Need to Do More When it Comes to Having Brief, Panicked Thoughts About Climate Change” By Rhett Stevenson, Sept 6. Online. http://www.theonion.com/articles/we-need-to-do-more-when-it-comes-to-having-brief-p,21295/ KevC)
The 20 hottest years on record have all taken place in the past quarter century. The resulting floods, wildfires, and heat waves have all had deadly consequences, and if we don't reduce carbon emissions immediately, humanity faces bleak prospects. We can no longer ignore this issue. Beginning today, we must all do more when it comes to our brief and panicked thoughts about climate change.
Indeed, if there was ever a time when a desperate call to take action against global warming should race through our heads as we lie in bed and stare at the ceiling, that time is now.
Many well-intentioned people will take 20 seconds out of their week to consider the consequences of the lifestyle they've chosen, perhaps contemplating how their reliance on fossil fuels has contributed to the rapid melting of the Arctic ice cap. But if progress is what we truly want, 20 seconds is simply not enough. Not by a long shot. An issue this critical demands at least 45 seconds to a solid minute of real, concentrated panic.
And I'm not talking about letting the image of a drowning polar bear play out in your mind now and then. If we're at all serious, we need to let ourselves occasionally be struck with grim visions of coastal cities washing away and people starving as drought-stricken farmlands fail to yield crops—and we need to do this regularly, every couple days or so, before continuing to go about our routines as usual.
This may seem like a lot to ask, but no one ever said making an effort to think about change was easy.
So if you pick up a newspaper and see an article about 10 percent of all living species going extinct by the end of the century, don't just turn the page. Stop, peruse it for a moment, look at the photos, freak out for a few seconds, and then turn the page.
And the next time you start up your car, stop to think how the exhaust from your vehicle and millions of others like it contributes to air pollution, increasing the likelihood that a child in your neighborhood will develop asthma or other respiratory ailments. Take your time with it. Feel the full, crushing weight of that guilt. Then go ahead and drive wherever it was you wanted to go.
To do anything less is irresponsible.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Juridical Subject K
RESERVED: TEXT

Containing and Resolving Responsibility for Violence within Legal Institutions Externalizes Agency – It’s What Makes Violence Wide-Scale in the First Place.
Ansah, 2k5. (Tawia Ansah, B.A., M.A., Columbia Univ; L.L.B., Univ of Toronto; Ph.D., Columbia Univ; Assistant Professor @ New England School of Law. “Genocide and the Eroticization of Death: Law, Violence, and Moral Purity” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal. Volume 14, No. 181. HeinOnline. KevC pg. 188-189)
The similarity between the two – individual and state…. the “singularity” of the event. 

Turns Case – Identifying Legal Resolutions as the Solution to Abstract Scenarios of Violence Only Produces Complacency and Authorizes Inaction.
Ansah, 2k5. (Tawia Ansah, B.A., M.A., Columbia Univ; L.L.B., Univ of Toronto; Ph.D., Columbia Univ; Assistant Professor @ New England School of Law. “Genocide and the Eroticization of Death: Law, Violence, and Moral Purity” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal. Volume 14, No. 181. HeinOnline. KevC pg. 191-192)
This article, then, examines the latent…. maintain the myth of moral purity.

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Their Affirmation Only Masks Our Complicity to Violence By Establishing Borders of Innocence – Citing Examples of Violence in the Abstract is Not a Neutral Act, But Rather Serves to Maintain that Suffering as ‘Other’
Ansah, 2k5. (Tawia Ansah, B.A., M.A., Columbia Univ; L.L.B., Univ of Toronto; Ph.D., Columbia Univ; Assistant Professor @ New England School of Law. “Genocide and the Eroticization of Death: Law, Violence, and Moral Purity” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal. Volume 14, No. 181. HeinOnline. KevC pg. 188-189)
The similarity between the two – individual and state…. the “singularity” of the event. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Investing Power in the Word “Government” Has Caused the Death of Millions as Bodies Become Mobilized for a Nationalist Identity
Mann, 97. (Frederick Mann, Founder of Terra Libra, BA in Communications @ Sanford U. “The Anatomy of Slavespeak” Online. KevC AAAA)
The Killer Word "Government" …. and their victims.
When the State Becomes a Sacred Event Unrestrained Nationalism Produces Endless Slaughter.
Beres 94 (Louis Rene, Professor of International Law in the Department of Political Science @ Purdue University, Ph.D., Princeton University. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, “ARTICLE: SELF-DETERMINATION, INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SURVIVAL ON PLANET EARTH” Spring 1994. Lexis Nexis)
The State presents itself as sacred. The idea of the… disciplined will are essential for international stability.

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"Truly, we are stars," Danlo said, closing his eyes. As he moved into remembrance, his voice fell soft and deep: "We shimmer and whirl and cry out at the miracle of hydrogen exploding inside our hearts. We are angels dancing in the fire, spinning sparks of wild joy into the night."
And then, after a long moment of silence, he whispered,
"We are the light inside light." 

The memory of all things is in all things, Danlo remembered.  Nothing is ever truly lost.
"The true Elder Eddas," he said, "are universal memories. The One Memory is just the memory of the universe itself. The way the universe evolves in consciousness of itself and causes itself to be.  
We are just this blessed consciousness, nothing more and nothing less. We are the light inside light that fuses into the atoms of our bodies; we are the fire that whirls across the stellar deeps and dances all things into being."

'"The true human being",' Hanuman quoted, '"is the meaning of the
universe. He is a dancing star. He is the exploding singularity pregnant with
infinite possibilities."'

- David Zindell, pg 147, 391. “War in Heaven” pg. 241 “The Broken God” 

The Affirmative Misunderstands the Source of Value in the Cosmos – Value is NOT Something that Can Be Isolated and Preserved for Future Generations, Instead Value is Only a Function of Difference.
A 1AC Without Value is By Definition Meaningless –
Presume Negative Until they Can Present a Value System that Does NOT Collapse Upon Itself or Evacuate Meaning.
Henning 2k9, (Brian, ‘TRuSTINg IN THE ‘EffICaCy Of BEauTy: A KAlocentric ApproAch to MorAl  philosophy’, Ethics and the Environment)
Final truths (whether in religion, morality, or science) are unattainable …. for the whole of reality.

Anthropocentrism is an Illusion Fabricated Out of Enjoying Sameness and Clinging to Old Tradition – There is NO ‘Unique Humanness’ – You are Apes and Dirt; Stars and Rocks; Dinosaurs and Bacteria – Billions of Years of Cosmic Creativity
We Must Fully Face Up to Our Impending Extinction.
Seed, 95. (John Seed, Australian Environmentalist, Founder and Director of the Rainforest Information Centre in Australia. “Beyond Anthropocentrism” http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/deep-eco/Anthropo.htm)
“Anthropocentrism” or “homocentrism” means human chauvinism… harmony with life again. 

Our Alternative is to Vote Negative to Make the Affirmative ‘Try-Again’ at Constructing a Non-Anthropocentric Value System for Action.
This Year’s Topic Hosts a Series of Deliberations – We Must Hold Deliberation Open to the Strange and the Non-Human.
Sandilands, 2k. Catriona Sandilands, Environmental Studies at York University, 2000 Ethics and the Environment 4.2
But it strikes me that the call for a rethinking of …. conversation so that they can be shown to be common.  

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Their Framework is an Egocentric Approach to Education, Because it Reduces Deliberation to a SINGLE Species of Thought – Instead, The Topic Hosts a Vast Ecology of Communication – Out of this Culture, the Only Predictable Truth is that You Will Affirm and Negate Multiple Times – Voting Negative is NOT the END of Deliberation –Instead, It Just Means the Affirmative Must ‘Try-Again’ at Justifying the Value of their Advocacy.
Weston, 2k9. (Anthony Weston, Professor of Philosophy @ Elon Univ. “The Incompleat Eco-Philosopher: Essays from the Edges of Environmental Ethics” SUNY Series in Enviro. Philosophy and Ethics, Pg 11-20. KevC)
It is already quite clear, I am sure, that in my view…. Again—we live in originary times 

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Interpretation – the AFF Must Reduce Restrictions Directly in Contact with Production
- This is Based on the Word ‘On’ in the Resolution, Which is Used to Indicate a Position Supported By or In Contact With – That’s from the American Heritage Dictionary in 2009.
And, Violation – the AFF Reduces Restrictions ‘FOR’ Energy, But Not ‘ON’ Production.
And, This is a Reason to Vote Negative for Competitive Equity –
First – Predictable Ground – There’s an Infinite Number of Restrictions FOR Energy, Which Makes Preparation Impossible – Destroying Disad and Counter-Advocacy Ground.
Second – Effects Topicality – Even If they Eventually Result in a Topical Action, It’s Still Not Predictable and Only Proves the Resolution is Not Adequate – Warranting Rejection

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Maggie MacLure Describes “The Ruins” as “a Kind of Shorthand for the Crumbling Edifice…of Values that Have Regulated Theory and Research” – “Across the Humanities and Social Sciences,”“The Ruins are Just One Term in a Wider Lexicon of Uncertainty and Disappointment that Has Emerged” Including “Failure, Entanglement, Getting Stuck, Bafflement, Abjection, Rupture, and Discomfort”  
Out of this, She Explains How, “We Have Also Seen a Cast of Postmodern Characters, Strolling or Dancing in the Ruins of Research – The Trickster, Nomad, Joker”
If this is What the Affirmative Promised Us, Then WE are Disappointed.
Interpretation: Work Through the Ruins of the Resolution
MacLure, 2k10. (Maggie MacLure, Manchester Metropolitan Univ. “Qualitative Inquire: Where are the Ruins?” http://www.esri.mmu.ac.uk/respapers/nzareRuins.pdf)
I want to use the notion of ruins as a way of opening up some questions about qualitative research…….. authentic subject to be heard. 

And, They Have FAILED to Work through the Ruins – The 1AC Offers a Series of Anecdotes Explained By a Cogent Theory that Fits All Too Perfectly – This Tames the Unruly Reality Unleashed By the Resolution, Generating the Comforting Simplicity they Criticize.
MacLure, 2k10. (Maggie MacLure, Manchester Metropolitan Univ. “Qualitative Inquire: Where are the Ruins?” http://www.esri.mmu.ac.uk/respapers/nzareRuins.pdf)
We have tried, then, in Patti Lather’s words …..received practice. It has not been ruinous. 

And, There’s No Doubt the AFF Will Insist that They are NOT a Master Narrative, that They are Simply Playing with the Resolutional Overcoding to Undermine the Status-Quo Reading.
But are They Fighting the Wrong War?
Has the Suspicion of Certainty Itself Not Become the New Certainty Limiting Our Research?
Is the 1AC Exploring the Ruins? Or are They Just Lost in the “Neverland,” the “Weapons of Social Critique”
Latour, 2k4. (Bruno Latour, Professor of Sociology Science @ Science Po Paris. “Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam? From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern” Critical Inquiry, 30,Winter.)
Wars. So many wars.Wars outside and wars inside ……., our trademark: Made in Criticalland. 

This is a Reason to Vote Negative – Rather than Destabilize Meaning, Their Tidy Theory Becomes Re-Crystallized By the Same Status Quo they Indict – Our Interrogation Discerns their Double-Turn – If They Have Potential, Then Send them Back to Write a More Ruinous 1AC.
Hogoven, 2k6. (Bryan Hogeven, Sociology at Univ of Alberta, and Andrew Woolford, Sociology @ U of Manitoba. “Critical Criminology and Possibility in the Neo-Liberal Ethos” Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Volume 48, No. 5)
Thus, it is first imperative …..the courtroom - other than as officials whose 696 

The 1AC’s Mix of Suspicion and Triumphalism Cultivates a Paranoid Reading of the Status Quo that Only Privileges the Inevitable.
Shahani, 2k6. (Nishant Shahani, PhD Univ of Florida. “Queer Pedagogy and American Studies: A Reparative Re-Thinking”)
In her essay “Paranoid Reading …….differently from the way it actually did” (146