Texas-Austin » Clarke-Miller Aff

Clarke-Miller Aff

Last modified by Jake Miller on 2012/11/10 11:05

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#	Date	Entry
	09/22/2012	UMKC SMR 1AC Tournament: UMKC \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: \| Judge: Contention 1 is the Switch to Renewable Energy Federal Agencies are Switching to Renewable Energy – Department of Defense Transition is Inevitable. Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC) In recent years, Federal agencies have taken an interest in ….the Energy Net Zero pilot program. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 3/25 And, The Department of Energy Alone Makes the Commercialization of Nuclear Energy Inevitable. Wheeler 2k11. (Brian Wheeler, Senior Editor, Editor of Nuclear Power International, and Committee Member of the Nuclear Power International Conference and Exhibition and COAL-GEN. “Small Modular Reactors Are “Hot”” Power Engineering, Volume 115, Issue 2, February 1. Academic OneFile. JPMiller) The DOE has a goal to decrease 28 percent of greenhouse gas emissions … which could in return lead to more clean energy on the grid. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 4/25 Contention 2 is the Commercial Grid The Department of Defense Relies on the Commercial Grid for Energy Demands – Unfortunately, Numerous Vulnerabilities Make Wide-Scale Failure Inevitable – Magnuson 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller) One of the risks to the DoD installation …in significant long term power disruptions. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 5/25 And, Traditional Back-Up Generators Fail Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC) The primary drawback of diesel generators in an … because of the start-up time. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 6/25 Also, Renewable Back-Up Systems are Not Resilient to Grid Failure. Magnuson, 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller) DoD renewable energy projects may go a long way towards …the next priority becomes reducing costs. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 7/25 Contention 3 is Resiliency – Hazards to the Grid Devastate DOD Resiliency Globally – US Installations Must Be Operational 24/7 to Provide Logistics, As Well As Relief and Recovery Services When Disasters Strike. Goodman, et al., 2k9. (Sherri Goodman, Former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environmental Security and Executive Director of the CAN Military Advisory Board; General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM); Lieutenant General Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force; General Paul J. Kern, USA (Ret.), Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command; General Ronald E. Keys, USAF (Ret.), Former Commander, Air Combat Command; Admiral T. Joseph Lopez, USN (Ret.), Former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and of Allied Forces, Southern Europe; General Robert Magnus, USMC (Ret.), Former Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps; Vice Admiral Dennis V. McGinn, USN (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfare Requirements and Programs; Admiral John B. Nathman, USN (Ret.), Former Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Commander of U.S. Fleet Forces; Rear Admiral David R. Oliver, Jr., USN (Ret.), Former Principal Deputy to the Navy Acquisition Executive; General Gordon R. Sullivan, USA (Ret.), Former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, and Former Chairman of the CNA MAB; Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly, USN (Ret.), Former NASA Administrator, Shuttle Astronaut and the ﬁrst Commander of the Naval Space Command. “Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security” CAN, May 2009. Online PDF. KevC) A fragile domestic electrical grid threatens … energy production and delivery. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 9/25 And, The Limited Availability of Energy Forces the DOD to Adopt an Efficiency Paradigm that Trades-Off with Resiliency Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller) A focus solely on efficiency models … and rate of, growth and change in the system. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 10/25 And, Resiliency Outweighs All Internal Link Claims – Adapting to Global Events Requires an Energy System that Enables Flexibility Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller) In summary, DoD’s energy security is entering … that supports increasing resilience. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 14/25 Contention 4 is Meltdowns Cyber-Attacks on the Grid Derail the Military’s Emergency Response Efforts – The Initial Attack Causes Damage to Assets While Stopping the Military from Adequately Mitigating the Disaster’s Consequences. Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller) Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when …battle or war would be greatly reduced. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 16/25 And, False Flag Attacks Could Instigate Conflict Lobel, 2k12 (Hannah Lobel, J.D. Candidate @ the Univ of Texas Law, MSJ from Northwestern Univ., BA from Grinnell College. “Cyber War Inc.: The Law of War Implications of the Private Sector’s Role in Cyber Conflict” Texas International Law Journal, Volume 47, Issue 3. JPMiller) The attribution problem complicates not only whether … from such effects, the legal regime applies in the cyber conflict realm. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 17/25 And, In the Context of Our Nuclear Assets, “The Extent to Which a Nuclear Plant is Vulnerable to Such Cyber-Attacks Will Depend Upon the Design of the Plant…and How Effective the Countermeasures …are at… Mitigating the Consequences of Any Attacks that Succeed” – A Severe Cyber-Attack Risks Retaliation. Martellini, 2k12. (Maurizio Martellini, Secretary General of the Landau Network-Centro Volta, Professor of Theoretical Physics @ the Univ of Isurbia; Dr Thomas Shea, IWG and Tom Shea Nuclear Consulting Services; Dr. Sandro Gaycken, IWG and Freie Universitat, Berlin. “Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants” Paper Prepared Published for the U.S. Department of State. 01/23/12 Paper. http://www.state.gov/t/isn/183589.htm KevC) - Refers to Italicized Section Quoted in Tagline, It was Read Once. Nuclear power plants may be vulnerable to cyber attacks, … more robust and secure hard- and software. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 19/25 And, The DOD’s Reliance on the Commercial Grid Makes It Into a Military Asset – In the Context of Cyber-Warfare the Grid is Considered a Normal Target for Military Planners – A Severe Cyber-Attack Would Be Considered a Major Escalation of Conflict Lewis 2k10 (James Lewis, PhD from Univ of Chicago, Senior Fellow and Director of the Technology and Public Policy Program, Previously Worked at the Department of State and Department of Commerce as a Foreign Service Officer, Member of the Senior Executive Service. “Thresholds for Cyberwar” Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 1. JPMiller) Critical infrastructure is a normal target … with strategic consequences. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 20/25 And, Retaliation Causes the Death of Millions Heuvel and Schell, 2k2. (Katrina Vanden Heuvel,Editor, Publisher of the Nation; and Jonathan Schell, Distinguished Visiting Fellow @ Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, Has Taught at Emory and Princeton, New York Univ, Distinguished Visiting Writer @ Wesleyan Univ., Fellow @ the Institute of Politics, Fellow at the Shorenstein Center on the Press, Poltiics, and Public Policy @ the John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Taught Nuclear Dilemma at Yale Law School, Fellow @ the Nation Institute and the Peace and Disarmament Correspondent for The Nation. A Just Response: The Nation on Terrorism, Democracy and September 11, 2001. Avalon Publishing Group Incorporated. KevC pg. 30-32) When I began this column after September 11, I chose to name it “Letter From Ground Zero” … The darkness deepens. Have just two months of “war on terrorism” brought us to this? 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 22/25 Contention 5 is Plan THE United States DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE RESTRICTIONS ON AND/OR SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM ON-SITE SMALL MODULAR REACTORS THROUGH POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 23/25 Contention 6 is Solvency On-Site Small Reactors Provide Grid Resiliency and Can Re-Boot Critical Assets King, et al., 2k11. (Marcus King, Associate Director of Research and Associate Research Professor of International Affairs @ the Elliot School of International Affairs, Previously Worked for the Center for Naval Analyses; LaVar Huntzinger; Thoi Nguyen. “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations” Center for Naval Analysis, Resource Analysis Division, Environment and Energy Team. Online PDF. KevC) Having a reliable source of electricity is critically important …to electrical power assurance. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 25/25 The Department of Defense is Uniquely Key Cohen, 2k12. (Armond Cohen, Executive Director of Clean Air Task Force, Developed and Directed the Conservation Law Foundation Energy Project, Honors Graduate of the Harvard Law School and Brown University, Member of the Keystone Energy Board and the US EPA Clean Air Act Advisory Committee. “DOD: A Model for Energy Innovation?” Clean Air Task Force, May 29. Originally in the National Journal’s Energy and Environment Expert Blog. Online. KevC) Unlike most other agencies, including the Energy … restructuring and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Solving the Grid Outweighs – In the Event of a War, Attacks on the Grid Independently Derail the Military’s Response. Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller)
	10/10/2012	Kentucky Anti-Blackness 1AC Tournament: Kentucky \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: \| Judge: We are Told Many things – We are Told Societies evolve We are Told Communities Naturally Spring forth from Unreason to Rationally Form Nation-States We are Told that we are “in the United States;” That we are a definitive Country; That we defined by our Borders; That we possess a culture of rallying around our multicultural flag sitting atop a shining city on the hill. We are told to ask Ourselves not ‘what our country can do for us but rather what we can do for our country.” Unfortunately we are told a lie; We have been doused in the embalming fluids of fashionable theories of a ‘Progressive History,’ whose great tides inevitably scale upwards from the Individual to the Nation. But the truth is that we have never been modern. The “Nation’s” Signature is Forged Upon the Backs of Countless Peoples – Yet this Identity Remains to be Seen as Anything More than a Comforting Fiction – a Fiction to Fill our Wounds and Instill a Sense of Wholeness; Unfortunately this trope of National Unity is Always Already Wanton – Nothing more than a Therapeutic Story We Replay to Get Through the Day; A Crutch to Avoid the Nagging and Necessary but Ultimately Deferred Confrontations with the Violent Constitution of Identity, Race, and Nationality. Howard Winant Likewise Contends that “It is clear, therefore, that any analytics of race in the United States must be based on an understanding of the juridical structures of the nation-state through which the system of racial hierarchy is consolidated. Santana Pinho of Brazil Further Details the ways in which U.S. culture is built upon “a liberal model of multiculturalism in which the idea of diversity is inert” because American Society has established “canned and commercialized identities” of racialized groups. And that “The U.S. classification of “lineages as ethnicities” serves the purpose of maintaining the current ethnic boundaries.” It’s Precisely within this Aura of the Multiculturalism that the Matrices of Racial Contradictions Persist Unaddressed not only domestically but Globally. “The United States has dictated to the rest of the world its own multiculturalist policies.” Moreover, “the explicit or implicit comparison to U.S. American society, which is almost always accompanied by a privileging of the U.S. American way of dealing with race. The Centering of U.S. Models of Race Polarizes Analyses of Racism into “two distinct antagonistic and exclusionary discourses”composed of the “Essenitalist Discourses” of Black Movements which remains “framed mostly by its deference to American blacks,” on the one hand and “the academic discourse, predominantly anti-essentialist,” on the other hand. This Oppositional Division has Produced an Impasse that Neither Resolves the Difficult Questions of Which is Correct nor Challenges the Reigning Assumptions that the U.S. is the Ultimate Authority on Questions Concerning Race. These Exceptionalist Tendencies are Reflected in Policy and Academic Communities alike, Wherein American Race Theorists Enjoy a Particularly Privileged Position Remaining Seemingly Absolved from Ethical Complicity while nonetheless Massively Investing in a Re-Centering of the American Project Santana Pinho Offers a Particularly Illuminating Account of this Dynamic in which “The predominance of Eurocentric or US-centric perspectives in the social sciences has strengthened the notion that there is an exclusive model of modernity, experienced firstly in the…U.S.A. as the most ‘modern within the African Diaspora.’”“The notion that the black experience in the United States” is the ultimate guide to Understandings of Anti-Black Racisms “is endorsed by the theoretical formulations” Of Contemporary Scholars of Blackness in the U.S. and Beyond. “The abundance of material and intellectual resources in the U.S. academy…and hegemony of its ideas … Coupled with that is the position of each country in the global configuration of power, which has a decisive effect on the expansion and distribution of ideas and theories. There is an Irrefutable Link Between the Construction of National Identity and the formation of Racial Relations – The Two are Intertwined as Santana Pinho Explains: The proliferation and politicization of identities do not merely reflect moral or political choices, but a complex historical production that has constructed most of us as marginal, deviant or sub-humans. The very production of some identities as marginal is itself constitutive of the centrality and legitimacy of the center…political identity is produced not only through these categories, but as these categories… the regulatory demands of the state encourage the formation of political identities founded on injury, thereby stimulating marginalized categories while reinforcing the bourgeois masculinist ideal of equality that has at its center the white heterosexual male. Under a Liberal Model of State-Based Racial Formations Peripheral Populations “will be competing for the crumbs that fall from the table of the center of power. The Deference to the U.S. Remains Problematic for Theorizations of Race Relations because it“centralizes some experiences while marginalizing others… Therefore they run the risk of transforming into colonialist or even fascist projects since the belief in an exclusive center makes possible dominance and control. Pinho argues however, “The solution to avoid totalitarianism is to defend a variety of paradigms and to remain open to the creation of new theories that take into account historical inequalities through radical analyses of power relations. For such, it is necessary to get rid of the superficiality and Manichaeism that often reign. One Means of Accomplishing a Decentering of the U.S. is to Adopt a “perspective that theorizes blackness in its many and varied versions, rejecting the notion that there is an exclusive –or more advanced-formula of blackness. The Necssity for Such an Approach is Provided by an Understanding of the Diaspora as “characterized by the existence of several radiating centers of symbols, objects, ideas and theories. If our theories succeed to go beyond unicentrality, our studies will make possible the replacement of hierarchical relations with more balanced dialogues Our Community remains steadfast and resolute in its Commitment to Centering its Politics Solely within the Confines of the United States. This Habitual Tendency is Especially True with Regard to Questions of Energy Production. A History of Resolutions on Energy Topics is Indicative of our Debate Community’s Fascination with Own its Reflection; with its Narcissistic Fetish with the U.S. Take, For Example, “Resolved: "That the federal government should adopt an energy policy that substantially reduces nonmilitary consumption of fossil fuels in the United States." Or the Waste Topic, “Resolved: "That any and all injury resulting from the disposal of hazardous waste in the United States should be the legal responsibility of the producer of that waste." Or another Energy Topic, “Resolved: That the United States Federal Government should establish an energy policy requiring a substantial reduction in the consumption in the total non-governmental consumption of fossil fuels in the United States.” And Finally, This Year’s Topic, Which Marks one more Manifestation of American Academic Self-Indulgence: “Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on and/or substantially increase financial incentives for energy production in the United States of one or more of the following: coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, wind power.” Yet, Beyond Conventional Interpretations of the topic lays the Mimetic Ruse of American Exceptionalism. Nuclear Power is defined multiply; the New Oxford American dictionary defines Nuclear Power as both the ‘Power generated by a nuclear reactor’ and as ‘a country that has nuclear weapons.’ The Atomic Age’s Most Potent Fission Remains the Split of Nuclearity, an Ambivalent Object Which Offers Recognition and Anti-Black Racism Simultaneously. As Gabrielle Hecht Notes, “Unresolvable tensions between technopolitical exceptionalism and economic banality reverberate through the history of uranium, as it oscillated between apocalypse…and tradeable commodity” …continued… These questions are matters of ontology, questions about the things and categories of things that exist. Historical actors often deployed an ontology that appeared fixed, incontrovertible, and transparently empirical, in which essential qualities rigidly separated the nuclear from the non-nuclear Scholars have generally left this assumption unchallenged” The Ambiguities Surrounding the fall-out of the Racialization of Technology Fragments any Singular Narration of the History of the Production of Nuclear Power. The “Parameters” of “Nuclearity,”are not Neutral but “depend on history and geography, science and technology, bodies and politics, radiation and race.” Suddenly, the Unnoticed Significance of Confining the Topic to ‘in the United States’ Takes on a New Importance. The Split Meanings Embodied by the Resolution’s Mundane Use of Nuclear Power “is not a straightforward act of classification. Ambivalence and ambiguity… are structural features of nuclear technologies.” There is a Parallel Power Relation in The Erasure of the Racialized Violence in the Constitution of Nuclear Things and Nuclear Nations. ’ As Gabrielle Hecht Contends “Agreements and disagreements about degrees of nuclearity have significant consequences. They structure global control over the flow of radioactive materials. They constitute the conceptual bedrock of anti-nuclear movements and nuclear power industries. They affect regulatory frameworks … And sometimes they send nations off to war. The ambiguities underlying recent struggles over the nuclear state of the world are too important to be dismissed as mere political wrangling. They are part of the "nuclear age."” We Must Confront the Ways in Which nuclear technologies define a phase of human history.. Our fetishes keep us close to bombs and reactors and far from Largely because of our mooring in time and space, we haven't known how to view these ambiguities other places where nuclearity gets made and unmade. We have become complacent and complicit in the equation between nuclearity and "development." In the Aura of the Immigrant State, the birthplace of democracy, and all things definitively different persist a perverse disavowal, a refusal, and an ethical failure to engage the fundamentally contradictory basis of ‘civil society.’ As Lewis Gordon Forcefully Contends: Philosophy of culture involves the complexity of integrating at least two notions that may at first not seem compatible—namely, reason and culture. The latter, as is well known, is often governed by myth, aspirations, and the constellation of relations that facilitate a world…at home, whereas the former is governed by a commitment to reality and truth often with a consequence of displacement and realized contradictions…. “Commitment however is not identical with the realization of that to which it is made. One of the paradoxical and ironic dimensions of reason…is the ability to synthesize the anomalous and even what at first may offer itself more aggressively as antinomy. The Result of this Contradictory Engagement is the Production of an Uncanny World – A World without Redemption A World of Nations Haunted by the Night of Black Tomorrow A World that requires of us all a “radical thought,” not only in its historical political specificity but also in the sense of thought devoted to getting to the roots of phenomena and to a level of self-critique that includes subjecting the method of self-critique itself to inquiry. In Short, A World that Requires of Us A Challenge to the Centering of the U.S., to the World as We Know it, and to the Future Defined by the Past. Refusing the Hegemony of the American Academic in favor of “diaspora is still utterly necessary for uncovering the ethical and political dynamics of the unfinished history of blacks.” Santana Pinho Argues that, “Black particularity should be recognized and valued in any analysis of black identities because it is defined by cultural practices and political agendas that connect otherwise dispersed blacks. Thus, attempts to locate cultural practices that unite blacks scattered around the New World, Europe and Africa should not be considered cheap essentialism However, “To value these connections, however, should not mean that identity politics should be the same for all blacks from different countries, or even within the same country. If it is already problematic to think of a common past for all blacks in the diaspora, it is even more complicated to believe that the future will be resolved everywhere in the same manner…The U.S. American black movements...encounter great difficulties, and above all, they are situated within a very distinct context from the socio-racial reality…of black identities in the diaspora who carry an important transnational dimension,” Santana Pinho Offers an Alternative to “unicentralist theories,” by describing the ways “that the black diaspora, instead of being centered around …the United States as an exporting center of models of ethnicity, has several centers spread around the black Atlantic. Pinho’s Methodology “maps out a multicentered black diaspora “ by “Providing alternative to the metaphysical idea of a “ race” that determines the culture “as if it were “inscribed in the body. This, “alternative and liberating manner of understanding the “ diaspora,” conceived as something dynamic that allows for the emergence of counter-powers that have challenged territorial sovereignties and beliefs in absolute identities. Understood in such way, the concept of diaspora allows us to go beyond geography and genealogy, beyond nature and culture, because it rejects the belief in spontaneously-generated nationalities and racialities. Furthermore by Conceiving the “diaspora in its dynamic meanings of a network of multiplicity, communication, and interaction, black identities can become explicitly contrary to nationalistic thought or to ideas that invoke a single emanating center of blackness, authenticity, and truth. The Notion of a Dynamic Diaspora rejects the reduction of blackness to mere ethnic or national traditions, thus combating both the paradigms of “ethnic absolutisms” and the centrality of the discourses produced in the U.S….). While previously imagined as being delimited by national boundaries, collective identities have multiplied and expanded (or have had their expansion recognized) as beyond the limits of nations. Black diasporic connections are, in my view, an undeniable example of this transnational expansion. Gabrielle Hecht Places The Injunction to Move Critiques Beyond the Restriction of Radioactive Racism to the Confines of the Nation State in Arguing that “Understanding the transnational networks that shape the power of technology in the contemporary world is a complex and difficult proposition,” But a Necessary Proposition Nonetheless. The Tracing of the Resolution’s Fragmented Histories Requires moving beyond the “always partial” “view from above” because it “runs the risk of deceiving us into thinking that some places don’t matter enough to deserve our attention. This is a dangerous illusion.” Instead, “We must land in unfamiliar places and study them on their own terms. The result is necessarily a fractured history. The fault lines between these multiple narratives gape because transnational history is not smooth and seamless, but uneven and disjointed. As shifting signifiers, nuclearity and markets run through these histories; their meanings are shaped by place, but not always in the same way.
	10/10/2012	Kentucky SMR 1AC Tournament: Kentucky \| Round: 5 \| Opponent: Harvard \| Judge: Contention 1 is the Switch to Renewable Energy Federal Agencies are Switching to Renewable Energy – Department of Defense Transition is Inevitable. Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC) In recent years, Federal agencies have taken an interest in ….the Energy Net Zero pilot program. And, The Department of Energy Alone Makes the Commercialization of Nuclear Energy Inevitable. Wheeler 2k11. (Brian Wheeler, Senior Editor, Editor of Nuclear Power International, and Committee Member of the Nuclear Power International Conference and Exhibition and COAL-GEN. “Small Modular Reactors Are “Hot”” Power Engineering, Volume 115, Issue 2, February 1. Academic OneFile. JPMiller) The DOE has a goal to decrease 28 percent of greenhouse gas emissions … which could in return lead to more clean energy on the grid. Contention 2 is the Commercial Grid The Department of Defense Relies on the Commercial Grid for Energy Demands – Unfortunately, Numerous Vulnerabilities Make Wide-Scale Failure Inevitable – Magnuson 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller) One of the risks to the DoD installation …in significant long term power disruptions. And, Traditional Back-Up Generators Fail Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC) The primary drawback of diesel generators in an … because of the start-up time. Also, Renewable Back-Up Systems are Not Resilient to Grid Failure. Magnuson, 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller) DoD renewable energy projects may go a long way towards …the next priority becomes reducing costs. Contention 3 is Resiliency – Hazards to the Grid Devastate DOD Resiliency Globally – US Installations Must Be Operational 24/7 to Provide Logistics, As Well As Relief and Recovery Services When Disasters Strike. Goodman, et al., 2k9. (Sherri Goodman, Former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environmental Security and Executive Director of the CAN Military Advisory Board; General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM); Lieutenant General Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force; General Paul J. Kern, USA (Ret.), Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command; General Ronald E. Keys, USAF (Ret.), Former Commander, Air Combat Command; Admiral T. Joseph Lopez, USN (Ret.), Former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and of Allied Forces, Southern Europe; General Robert Magnus, USMC (Ret.), Former Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps; Vice Admiral Dennis V. McGinn, USN (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfare Requirements and Programs; Admiral John B. Nathman, USN (Ret.), Former Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Commander of U.S. Fleet Forces; Rear Admiral David R. Oliver, Jr., USN (Ret.), Former Principal Deputy to the Navy Acquisition Executive; General Gordon R. Sullivan, USA (Ret.), Former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, and Former Chairman of the CNA MAB; Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly, USN (Ret.), Former NASA Administrator, Shuttle Astronaut and the ﬁrst Commander of the Naval Space Command. “Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security” CAN, May 2009. Online PDF. KevC) A fragile domestic electrical grid threatens … energy production and delivery. And, The Limited Availability of Energy Forces the DOD to Adopt an Efficiency Paradigm that Trades-Off with Resiliency Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller) A focus solely on efficiency models … and rate of, growth and change in the system. And, Resiliency Outweighs All Internal Link Claims – Adapting to Global Events Requires an Energy System that Enables Flexibility Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller) In summary, DoD’s energy security is entering … that supports increasing resilience. Contention 4 is Meltdowns Cyber-Attacks on the Grid Derail the Military’s Emergency Response Efforts – The Initial Attack Causes Damage to Assets While Stopping the Military from Adequately Mitigating the Disaster’s Consequences. Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller) Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when …battle or war would be greatly reduced. And, False Flag Attacks Could Instigate Conflict Lobel, 2k12 (Hannah Lobel, J.D. Candidate @ the Univ of Texas Law, MSJ from Northwestern Univ., BA from Grinnell College. “Cyber War Inc.: The Law of War Implications of the Private Sector’s Role in Cyber Conflict” Texas International Law Journal, Volume 47, Issue 3. JPMiller) The attribution problem complicates not only whether … from such effects, the legal regime applies in the cyber conflict realm. And, In the Context of Our Nuclear Assets, “The Extent to Which a Nuclear Plant is Vulnerable to Such Cyber-Attacks Will Depend Upon the Design of the Plant…and How Effective the Countermeasures …are at… Mitigating the Consequences of Any Attacks that Succeed” – A Severe Cyber-Attack Risks Retaliation. Martellini, 2k12. (Maurizio Martellini, Secretary General of the Landau Network-Centro Volta, Professor of Theoretical Physics @ the Univ of Isurbia; Dr Thomas Shea, IWG and Tom Shea Nuclear Consulting Services; Dr. Sandro Gaycken, IWG and Freie Universitat, Berlin. “Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants” Paper Prepared Published for the U.S. Department of State. 01/23/12 Paper. http://www.state.gov/t/isn/183589.htm KevC) - Refers to Italicized Section Quoted in Tagline, It was Read Once. Nuclear power plants may be vulnerable to cyber attacks, … more robust and secure hard- and software. And, The DOD’s Reliance on the Commercial Grid Makes It Into a Military Asset – In the Context of Cyber-Warfare the Grid is Considered a Normal Target for Military Planners – A Severe Cyber-Attack Would Be Considered a Major Escalation of Conflict Lewis 2k10 (James Lewis, PhD from Univ of Chicago, Senior Fellow and Director of the Technology and Public Policy Program, Previously Worked at the Department of State and Department of Commerce as a Foreign Service Officer, Member of the Senior Executive Service. “Thresholds for Cyberwar” Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 1. JPMiller) Critical infrastructure is a normal target … with strategic consequences. 1AC: Energy Resiliency – 20/25 And, Retaliation Causes the Death of Millions Heuvel and Schell, 2k2. (Katrina Vanden Heuvel,Editor, Publisher of the Nation; and Jonathan Schell, Distinguished Visiting Fellow @ Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, Has Taught at Emory and Princeton, New York Univ, Distinguished Visiting Writer @ Wesleyan Univ., Fellow @ the Institute of Politics, Fellow at the Shorenstein Center on the Press, Poltiics, and Public Policy @ the John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Taught Nuclear Dilemma at Yale Law School, Fellow @ the Nation Institute and the Peace and Disarmament Correspondent for The Nation. A Just Response: The Nation on Terrorism, Democracy and September 11, 2001. Avalon Publishing Group Incorporated. KevC pg. 30-32) When I began this column after September 11, I chose to name it “Letter From Ground Zero” … The darkness deepens. Have just two months of “war on terrorism” brought us to this? Solvency On-Site Small Reactors Provide Grid Resiliency and Can Re-Boot Critical Assets King, et al., 2k11. (Marcus King, Associate Director of Research and Associate Research Professor of International Affairs @ the Elliot School of International Affairs, Previously Worked for the Center for Naval Analyses; LaVar Huntzinger; Thoi Nguyen. “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations” Center for Naval Analysis, Resource Analysis Division, Environment and Energy Team. Online PDF. KevC) Having a reliable source of electricity is critically important …to electrical power assurance. The Department of Defense is Uniquely Key Cohen, 2k12. (Armond Cohen, Executive Director of Clean Air Task Force, Developed and Directed the Conservation Law Foundation Energy Project, Honors Graduate of the Harvard Law School and Brown University, Member of the Keystone Energy Board and the US EPA Clean Air Act Advisory Committee. “DOD: A Model for Energy Innovation?” Clean Air Task Force, May 29. Originally in the National Journal’s Energy and Environment Expert Blog. Online. KevC) Unlike most other agencies, including the Energy … restructuring and greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Solving the Grid Outweighs – In the Event of a War, Attacks on the Grid Independently Derail the Military’s Response. Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller)

Date

Entry

09/22/2012

UMKC SMR 1AC

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
Contention 1 is the Switch to Renewable Energy
Federal Agencies are Switching to Renewable Energy – Department of Defense Transition is Inevitable.
Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense
Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC)
In recent years, Federal agencies have taken an interest in ….the Energy Net Zero pilot program.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 3/25
And, The Department of Energy Alone Makes the Commercialization of Nuclear Energy Inevitable.
Wheeler 2k11. (Brian Wheeler, Senior Editor, Editor of Nuclear Power International, and Committee Member of the Nuclear Power International Conference and Exhibition and COAL-GEN. “Small Modular Reactors Are “Hot”” Power Engineering, Volume 115, Issue 2, February 1. Academic OneFile. JPMiller)
The DOE has a goal to decrease 28 percent of greenhouse gas emissions … which could in return lead to more clean energy on the grid.
1AC: Energy Resiliency – 4/25
Contention 2 is the Commercial Grid
The Department of Defense Relies on the Commercial Grid for Energy Demands – Unfortunately, Numerous Vulnerabilities Make Wide-Scale Failure Inevitable –
Magnuson 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller)
One of the risks to the DoD installation …in significant long term power disruptions.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 5/25
And, Traditional Back-Up Generators Fail
Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC)
The primary drawback of diesel generators in an … because of the start-up time.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 6/25
Also, Renewable Back-Up Systems are Not Resilient to Grid Failure.
Magnuson, 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller)
DoD renewable energy projects may go a long way towards …the next priority becomes reducing costs.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 7/25
Contention 3 is Resiliency –
Hazards to the Grid Devastate DOD Resiliency Globally – US Installations Must Be Operational 24/7 to Provide Logistics, As Well As Relief and Recovery Services When Disasters Strike.
Goodman, et al., 2k9. (Sherri Goodman, Former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environmental Security and Executive Director of the CAN Military Advisory Board; General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM); Lieutenant General Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force; General Paul J. Kern, USA (Ret.), Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command; General Ronald E. Keys, USAF (Ret.), Former Commander, Air Combat Command; Admiral T. Joseph Lopez, USN (Ret.), Former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and of Allied Forces, Southern Europe; General Robert Magnus, USMC (Ret.), Former Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps; Vice Admiral Dennis V. McGinn, USN (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfare Requirements and Programs; Admiral John B. Nathman, USN (Ret.), Former Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Commander of U.S. Fleet Forces; Rear Admiral David R. Oliver, Jr., USN (Ret.), Former Principal Deputy to the Navy Acquisition Executive; General Gordon R. Sullivan, USA (Ret.), Former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, and Former Chairman of the CNA MAB; Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly, USN (Ret.), Former NASA Administrator, Shuttle Astronaut and the ﬁrst Commander of the Naval Space Command. “Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security” CAN, May 2009. Online PDF. KevC)
A fragile domestic electrical grid threatens … energy production and delivery.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 9/25
And, The Limited Availability of Energy Forces the DOD to Adopt an Efficiency Paradigm that Trades-Off with Resiliency
Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller)
A focus solely on efficiency models … and rate of, growth and change in the system.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 10/25
And, Resiliency Outweighs All Internal Link Claims – Adapting to Global Events Requires an Energy System that Enables Flexibility
Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller)
In summary, DoD’s energy security is entering … that supports increasing resilience.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 14/25
Contention 4 is Meltdowns
Cyber-Attacks on the Grid Derail the Military’s Emergency Response Efforts – The Initial Attack Causes Damage to Assets While Stopping the Military from Adequately Mitigating the Disaster’s Consequences.
Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller)
Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when …battle or war would be greatly reduced.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 16/25
And, False Flag Attacks Could Instigate Conflict
Lobel, 2k12 (Hannah Lobel, J.D. Candidate @ the Univ of Texas Law, MSJ from Northwestern Univ., BA from Grinnell College. “Cyber War Inc.: The Law of War Implications of the Private Sector’s Role in Cyber Conflict” Texas International Law Journal, Volume 47, Issue 3. JPMiller)
The attribution problem complicates not only whether … from such effects, the legal regime applies in the cyber conflict realm.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 17/25
And, In the Context of Our Nuclear Assets, “The Extent to Which a Nuclear Plant is Vulnerable to Such Cyber-Attacks Will Depend Upon the Design of the Plant…and How Effective the Countermeasures …are at… Mitigating the Consequences of Any Attacks that Succeed” – A Severe Cyber-Attack Risks Retaliation.
Martellini, 2k12. (Maurizio Martellini, Secretary General of the Landau Network-Centro Volta, Professor of Theoretical Physics @ the Univ of Isurbia; Dr Thomas Shea, IWG and Tom Shea Nuclear Consulting Services; Dr. Sandro Gaycken, IWG and Freie Universitat, Berlin. “Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants” Paper Prepared Published for the U.S. Department of State. 01/23/12 Paper. http://www.state.gov/t/isn/183589.htm KevC)
- Refers to Italicized Section Quoted in Tagline, It was Read Once.
Nuclear power plants may be vulnerable to cyber attacks, … more robust and secure hard- and software.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 19/25
And, The DOD’s Reliance on the Commercial Grid Makes It Into a Military Asset – In the Context of Cyber-Warfare the Grid is Considered a Normal Target for Military Planners – A Severe Cyber-Attack Would Be Considered a Major Escalation of Conflict
Lewis 2k10 (James Lewis, PhD from Univ of Chicago, Senior Fellow and Director of the Technology and Public Policy Program, Previously Worked at the Department of State and Department of Commerce as a Foreign Service Officer, Member of the Senior Executive Service. “Thresholds for Cyberwar” Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 1. JPMiller)
Critical infrastructure is a normal target … with strategic consequences.
1AC: Energy Resiliency – 20/25
And, Retaliation Causes the Death of Millions
Heuvel and Schell, 2k2. (Katrina Vanden Heuvel,Editor, Publisher of the Nation; and Jonathan Schell, Distinguished Visiting Fellow @ Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, Has Taught at Emory and Princeton, New York Univ, Distinguished Visiting Writer @ Wesleyan Univ., Fellow @ the Institute of Politics, Fellow at the Shorenstein Center on the Press, Poltiics, and Public Policy @ the John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Taught Nuclear Dilemma at Yale Law School, Fellow @ the Nation Institute and the Peace and Disarmament Correspondent for The Nation. A Just Response: The Nation on Terrorism, Democracy and September 11, 2001. Avalon Publishing Group Incorporated. KevC pg. 30-32)
When I began this column after September 11, I chose to name it “Letter From Ground Zero” … The darkness deepens. Have just two months of “war on terrorism” brought us to this?

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 22/25
Contention 5 is Plan
THE United States DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE RESTRICTIONS ON AND/OR SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM ON-SITE SMALL MODULAR REACTORS THROUGH POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES.
1AC: Energy Resiliency – 23/25
Contention 6 is Solvency
On-Site Small Reactors Provide Grid Resiliency and Can Re-Boot Critical Assets
King, et al., 2k11. (Marcus King, Associate Director of Research and Associate Research Professor of International Affairs @ the Elliot School of International Affairs, Previously Worked for the Center for Naval Analyses; LaVar Huntzinger; Thoi Nguyen. “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations” Center for Naval Analysis, Resource Analysis Division, Environment and Energy Team. Online PDF. KevC)
Having a reliable source of electricity is critically important …to electrical power assurance.

1AC: Energy Resiliency – 25/25
The Department of Defense is Uniquely Key
Cohen, 2k12. (Armond Cohen, Executive Director of Clean Air Task Force, Developed and Directed the Conservation Law Foundation Energy Project, Honors Graduate of the Harvard Law School and Brown University, Member of the Keystone Energy Board and the US EPA Clean Air Act Advisory Committee. “DOD: A Model for Energy Innovation?” Clean Air Task Force, May 29. Originally in the National Journal’s Energy and Environment Expert Blog. Online. KevC)
Unlike most other agencies, including the Energy … restructuring and greenhouse gas emissions reductions.

Solving the Grid Outweighs – In the Event of a War, Attacks on the Grid Independently Derail the Military’s Response.
Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller)

10/10/2012

Kentucky Anti-Blackness 1AC

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
We are Told Many things –
We are Told Societies evolve
We are Told Communities Naturally Spring forth from Unreason to Rationally Form Nation-States
We are Told that we are “in the United States;”
That we are a definitive Country;
That we defined by our Borders;
That we possess a culture of rallying around our multicultural flag sitting atop a shining city on the hill. We are told to ask Ourselves not ‘what our country can do for us but rather what we can do for our country.”

Unfortunately we are told a lie;
We have been doused in the embalming fluids of fashionable theories of a ‘Progressive History,’ whose great tides inevitably scale upwards from the Individual to the Nation.
But the truth is that we have never been modern.

The “Nation’s” Signature is Forged Upon the Backs of Countless Peoples – Yet this Identity Remains to be Seen as Anything More than a Comforting Fiction – a Fiction to Fill our Wounds and Instill a Sense of Wholeness; Unfortunately this trope of National Unity is Always Already Wanton – Nothing more than a Therapeutic Story We Replay to Get Through the Day; A Crutch to Avoid the Nagging and Necessary but Ultimately Deferred Confrontations with the Violent Constitution of Identity, Race, and Nationality.

Howard Winant Likewise Contends that “It is clear, therefore, that any analytics of race in the United States must be based on an understanding of the juridical structures of the nation-state through which the system of racial hierarchy is consolidated.

Santana Pinho of Brazil Further Details the ways in which U.S. culture is built upon “a liberal model of multiculturalism in which the idea of diversity is inert” because American Society has established “canned and commercialized identities” of racialized groups. And that “The U.S. classification of “lineages as ethnicities” serves the purpose of maintaining the current ethnic boundaries.”
It’s Precisely within this Aura of the Multiculturalism that the Matrices of Racial Contradictions Persist Unaddressed not only domestically but Globally. “The United States has dictated to the rest of the world its own multiculturalist policies.”
Moreover, “the explicit or implicit comparison to U.S. American society, which is almost always accompanied by a privileging of the U.S. American way of dealing with race.
The Centering of U.S. Models of Race Polarizes Analyses of Racism into “two distinct antagonistic and exclusionary discourses”composed of the “Essenitalist Discourses” of Black Movements which remains “framed mostly by its deference to American blacks,” on the one hand and “the academic discourse, predominantly anti-essentialist,” on the other hand.

This Oppositional Division has Produced an Impasse that Neither Resolves the Difficult Questions of Which is Correct nor Challenges the Reigning Assumptions that the U.S. is the Ultimate Authority on Questions Concerning Race.

These Exceptionalist Tendencies are Reflected in Policy and Academic Communities alike, Wherein American Race Theorists Enjoy a Particularly Privileged Position Remaining Seemingly Absolved from Ethical Complicity while nonetheless Massively Investing in a Re-Centering of the American Project
Santana Pinho Offers a Particularly Illuminating Account of this Dynamic in which “The predominance of Eurocentric or US-centric perspectives in the social sciences has strengthened the notion that there is an exclusive model of modernity, experienced firstly in the…U.S.A. as the most ‘modern within the African Diaspora.’”“The notion that the black experience in the United States” is the ultimate guide to Understandings of Anti-Black Racisms “is endorsed by the theoretical formulations” Of Contemporary Scholars of Blackness in the U.S. and Beyond. “The abundance of material and intellectual resources in the U.S. academy…and hegemony of its ideas … Coupled with that is the position of each country in the global configuration of power, which has a decisive effect on the expansion and distribution of ideas and theories.

There is an Irrefutable Link Between the Construction of National Identity and the formation of Racial Relations – The Two are Intertwined as Santana Pinho Explains: The proliferation and politicization of identities do not merely reflect moral or political choices, but a complex historical production that has constructed most of us as marginal, deviant or sub-humans. The very production of some identities as marginal is itself constitutive of the centrality and legitimacy of the center…political identity is produced not only through these categories, but as these categories… the regulatory demands of the state encourage the formation of political identities founded on injury, thereby stimulating marginalized categories while reinforcing the bourgeois masculinist ideal of equality that has at its center the white heterosexual male.

Under a Liberal Model of State-Based Racial Formations Peripheral Populations “will be competing for the crumbs that fall from the table of the center of power. The Deference to the U.S. Remains Problematic for Theorizations of Race Relations because it“centralizes some experiences while marginalizing others… Therefore they run the risk of transforming into colonialist or even fascist projects since the belief in an exclusive center makes possible dominance and control.

Pinho argues however, “The solution to avoid totalitarianism is to defend a variety of paradigms and to remain open to the creation of new theories that take into account historical inequalities through radical analyses of power relations. For such, it is necessary to get rid of the superficiality and Manichaeism that often reign.
One Means of Accomplishing a Decentering of the U.S. is to Adopt a “perspective that theorizes blackness in its many and varied versions, rejecting the notion that there is an exclusive –or more advanced-formula of blackness.
The Necssity for Such an Approach is Provided by an Understanding of the Diaspora as “characterized by the existence of several radiating centers of symbols, objects, ideas and theories. If our theories succeed to go beyond unicentrality, our studies will make possible the replacement of hierarchical relations with more balanced dialogues

Our Community remains steadfast and resolute in its Commitment to Centering its Politics Solely within the Confines of the United States. This Habitual Tendency is Especially True with Regard to Questions of Energy Production. A History of Resolutions on Energy Topics is Indicative of our Debate Community’s Fascination with Own its Reflection; with its Narcissistic Fetish with the U.S.
Take, For Example, “Resolved: "That the federal government should adopt an energy policy that substantially reduces nonmilitary consumption of fossil fuels in the United States."
Or the Waste Topic, “Resolved: "That any and all injury resulting from the disposal of hazardous waste in the United States should be the legal responsibility of the producer of that waste."
Or another Energy Topic, “Resolved: That the United States Federal Government should establish an energy policy requiring a substantial reduction in the consumption in the total non-governmental consumption of fossil fuels in the United States.”

And Finally, This Year’s Topic, Which Marks one more Manifestation of American Academic Self-Indulgence: “Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on and/or substantially increase financial incentives for energy production in the United States of one or more of the following: coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, wind power.”

Yet, Beyond Conventional Interpretations of the topic lays the Mimetic Ruse of American Exceptionalism. Nuclear Power is defined multiply; the New Oxford American dictionary defines Nuclear Power as both the ‘Power generated by a nuclear reactor’ and as ‘a country that has nuclear weapons.’

The Atomic Age’s Most Potent Fission Remains the Split of Nuclearity, an Ambivalent Object Which Offers Recognition and Anti-Black Racism Simultaneously. As Gabrielle Hecht Notes, “Unresolvable tensions between technopolitical exceptionalism and economic banality reverberate through the history of uranium, as it oscillated between apocalypse…and tradeable commodity”
…continued…
These questions are matters of ontology, questions about the things and categories of things that exist. Historical actors often deployed an ontology that appeared fixed, incontrovertible, and transparently empirical, in which essential qualities rigidly separated the nuclear from the non-nuclear Scholars have generally left this assumption unchallenged”
The Ambiguities Surrounding the fall-out of the Racialization of Technology Fragments any Singular Narration of the History of the Production of Nuclear Power. The “Parameters” of “Nuclearity,”are not Neutral but “depend on history and geography, science and technology, bodies and politics, radiation and race.”

Suddenly, the Unnoticed Significance of Confining the Topic to ‘in the United States’ Takes on a New Importance. The Split Meanings Embodied by the Resolution’s Mundane Use of Nuclear Power “is not a straightforward act of classification. Ambivalence and ambiguity… are structural features of nuclear technologies.” There is a Parallel Power Relation in The Erasure of the Racialized Violence in the Constitution of Nuclear Things and Nuclear Nations. ’

As Gabrielle Hecht Contends “Agreements and disagreements about degrees of nuclearity have significant consequences. They structure global control over the flow of radioactive materials. They constitute the conceptual bedrock of anti-nuclear movements and nuclear power industries. They affect regulatory frameworks … And sometimes they send nations off to war. The ambiguities underlying recent struggles over the nuclear state of the world are too important to be dismissed as mere political wrangling. They are part of the "nuclear age."”

We Must Confront the Ways in Which nuclear technologies define a phase of human history.. Our fetishes keep us close to bombs and reactors and far from Largely because of our mooring in time and space, we haven't known how to view these ambiguities other places where nuclearity gets made and unmade. We have become complacent and complicit in the equation between nuclearity and "development."

In the Aura of the Immigrant State, the birthplace of democracy, and all things definitively different persist a perverse disavowal, a refusal, and an ethical failure to engage the fundamentally contradictory basis of ‘civil society.’

As Lewis Gordon Forcefully Contends:
Philosophy of culture involves the complexity of integrating at least two notions that may at first not seem compatible—namely, reason and culture. The latter, as is well known, is often governed by myth, aspirations, and the constellation of relations that facilitate a world…at home, whereas the former is governed by a commitment to reality and truth often with a consequence of displacement and realized contradictions…. “Commitment however is not identical with the realization of that to which it is made. One of the paradoxical and ironic dimensions of reason…is the ability to synthesize the anomalous and even what at first may offer itself more aggressively as antinomy.

The Result of this Contradictory Engagement is the Production of an Uncanny World –
A World without Redemption
A World of Nations Haunted by the Night of Black Tomorrow
A World that requires of us all a “radical thought,” not only in its historical political specificity but also in the sense of thought devoted to getting to the roots of phenomena and to a level of self-critique that includes subjecting the method of self-critique itself to inquiry.
In Short, A World that Requires of Us A Challenge to the Centering of the U.S., to the World as We Know it, and to the Future Defined by the Past.

Refusing the Hegemony of the American Academic in favor of “diaspora is still utterly necessary for uncovering the ethical and political dynamics of the unfinished history of blacks.”

Santana Pinho Argues that, “Black particularity should be recognized and valued in any analysis of black identities because it is defined by cultural practices and political agendas that connect otherwise dispersed blacks. Thus, attempts to locate cultural practices that unite blacks scattered around the New World, Europe and Africa should not be considered cheap essentialism

However, “To value these connections, however, should not mean that identity politics should be the same for all blacks from different countries, or even within the same country. If it is already problematic to think of a common past for all blacks in the diaspora, it is even more complicated to believe that the future will be resolved everywhere in the same manner…The U.S. American black movements...encounter great difficulties, and above all, they are situated within a very distinct context from the socio-racial reality…of black identities in the diaspora who carry an important transnational dimension,”

Santana Pinho Offers an Alternative to “unicentralist theories,” by describing the ways “that the black diaspora, instead of being centered around …the United States as an exporting center of models of ethnicity, has several centers spread around the black Atlantic.
Pinho’s Methodology “maps out a multicentered black diaspora “ by “Providing alternative to the metaphysical idea of a “ race” that determines the culture “as if it were “inscribed in the body.
This, “alternative and liberating manner of understanding the “ diaspora,” conceived as something dynamic that allows for the emergence of counter-powers that have challenged territorial sovereignties and beliefs in absolute identities. Understood in such way, the concept of diaspora allows us to go beyond geography and genealogy, beyond nature and culture, because it rejects the belief in spontaneously-generated nationalities and racialities.
Furthermore by Conceiving the “diaspora in its dynamic meanings of a network of multiplicity, communication, and interaction, black identities can become explicitly contrary to nationalistic thought or to ideas that invoke a single emanating center of blackness, authenticity, and truth.
The Notion of a Dynamic Diaspora rejects the reduction of blackness to mere ethnic or national traditions, thus combating both the paradigms of “ethnic absolutisms” and the centrality of the discourses produced in the U.S….). While previously imagined as being delimited by national boundaries, collective identities have multiplied and expanded (or have had their expansion recognized) as beyond the limits of nations. Black diasporic connections are, in my view, an undeniable example of this transnational expansion.
Gabrielle Hecht Places The Injunction to Move Critiques Beyond the Restriction of Radioactive Racism to the Confines of the Nation State in Arguing that “Understanding the transnational networks that shape the power of technology in the contemporary world is a complex and difficult proposition,” But a Necessary Proposition Nonetheless.

The Tracing of the Resolution’s Fragmented Histories Requires moving beyond the “always partial” “view from above” because it “runs the risk of deceiving us into thinking that some places don’t matter enough to deserve our attention. This is a dangerous illusion.”
Instead, “We must land in unfamiliar places and study them on their own terms. The result is necessarily a fractured history. The fault lines between these multiple narratives gape because transnational history is not smooth and seamless, but uneven and disjointed. As shifting signifiers, nuclearity and markets run through these histories; their meanings are shaped by place, but not always in the same way.

10/10/2012

Kentucky SMR 1AC

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard | Judge:
Contention 1 is the Switch to Renewable Energy
Federal Agencies are Switching to Renewable Energy – Department of Defense Transition is Inevitable.
Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense
Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC)
In recent years, Federal agencies have taken an interest in ….the Energy Net Zero pilot program.

And, The Department of Energy Alone Makes the Commercialization of Nuclear Energy Inevitable.
Wheeler 2k11. (Brian Wheeler, Senior Editor, Editor of Nuclear Power International, and Committee Member of the Nuclear Power International Conference and Exhibition and COAL-GEN. “Small Modular Reactors Are “Hot”” Power Engineering, Volume 115, Issue 2, February 1. Academic OneFile. JPMiller)
The DOE has a goal to decrease 28 percent of greenhouse gas emissions … which could in return lead to more clean energy on the grid.

Contention 2 is the Commercial Grid
The Department of Defense Relies on the Commercial Grid for Energy Demands – Unfortunately, Numerous Vulnerabilities Make Wide-Scale Failure Inevitable –
Magnuson 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller)
One of the risks to the DoD installation …in significant long term power disruptions.

And, Traditional Back-Up Generators Fail
Galvin, et al., 2k12. (Dr. James Galvin, PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech, MS in Operations Research and Systems Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School, MS in Mechanical Engineering from the US Military Academy @ West Point, ESTCP Project Manager; Robert Kwartin, Leads ICF International’s Support for the Public; Garrett Martin; Deputy Director of the ICF International Study Team; Sarah Alexander, Geographic Setting of the Deserts for ICF; John Collins; Chris Lamson; Jeffrey Patterson, Mission Compatibility for ICF; Emily Steiver, Solar Technology Characterization for ICF; Craig Schultz;Donald Clark; Daniel Moreno; Ryan Mayfield, Solar Potential Assessment for ICF; Martin Anderson, Energy Security Implications for ICF; Lindsay McAlpine; Emily Steiver, Policy and Program Review for ICF; Sam Figuli, HGL Incorporated Project Manager. “Solar Energy Development on Department of Defense Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts” ICF International, and Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, January. Online PDF. KevC)
The primary drawback of diesel generators in an … because of the start-up time.

Also, Renewable Back-Up Systems are Not Resilient to Grid Failure.
Magnuson, 2k12. (Colonel Brian L. Magnuson, Commander of Marine Corps Air Facility Quantico, United States Army War College Class of 2012. “DoD Installation Energy Security: Evolving to a Smart Grid” U.S. Army War College, Strategy Research Project, Department of Military Strategy, Planning, and Operations, Distribution: A, OMB No. 0704-0188. JPMiller)
DoD renewable energy projects may go a long way towards …the next priority becomes reducing costs.

Contention 3 is Resiliency –
Hazards to the Grid Devastate DOD Resiliency Globally – US Installations Must Be Operational 24/7 to Provide Logistics, As Well As Relief and Recovery Services When Disasters Strike.
Goodman, et al., 2k9. (Sherri Goodman, Former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Environmental Security and Executive Director of the CAN Military Advisory Board; General Charles G. Boyd, USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters U.S. European Command (USEUCOM); Lieutenant General Lawrence P. Farrell, Jr., USAF (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force; General Paul J. Kern, USA (Ret.), Former Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command; General Ronald E. Keys, USAF (Ret.), Former Commander, Air Combat Command; Admiral T. Joseph Lopez, USN (Ret.), Former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe and of Allied Forces, Southern Europe; General Robert Magnus, USMC (Ret.), Former Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps; Vice Admiral Dennis V. McGinn, USN (Ret.), Former Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfare Requirements and Programs; Admiral John B. Nathman, USN (Ret.), Former Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Commander of U.S. Fleet Forces; Rear Admiral David R. Oliver, Jr., USN (Ret.), Former Principal Deputy to the Navy Acquisition Executive; General Gordon R. Sullivan, USA (Ret.), Former Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, and Former Chairman of the CNA MAB; Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly, USN (Ret.), Former NASA Administrator, Shuttle Astronaut and the ﬁrst Commander of the Naval Space Command. “Powering America’s Defense: Energy and the Risks to National Security” CAN, May 2009. Online PDF. KevC)
A fragile domestic electrical grid threatens … energy production and delivery.

And, The Limited Availability of Energy Forces the DOD to Adopt an Efficiency Paradigm that Trades-Off with Resiliency
Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller)
A focus solely on efficiency models … and rate of, growth and change in the system.

And, Resiliency Outweighs All Internal Link Claims – Adapting to Global Events Requires an Energy System that Enables Flexibility
Thomas and Kerner, 2k10. (Scott Thomas, Senior Scientist with Stetson Engineers in San Rafael, Assistant Research Professor with the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Retired Lieutenant Colonel, Served in the Marine Corps, PhD in Environmental Biology and Public Policy from George Mason Univ.; and David Kerner, Senior Science and Technology Advisor with the Tauri Group, 25 Years Working with the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineer for the Aerojet Liquid Rocket Company, Science and Technology Advisor to the New York State Legislature, BS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Cornell Univ, MS in Science and Technology Policy from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “Defense Energy Resilience: Lessons from Ecology” US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute, Letort Papers, August. JPMiller)
In summary, DoD’s energy security is entering … that supports increasing resilience.

Contention 4 is Meltdowns
Cyber-Attacks on the Grid Derail the Military’s Emergency Response Efforts – The Initial Attack Causes Damage to Assets While Stopping the Military from Adequately Mitigating the Disaster’s Consequences.
Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller)
Grid Vulnerability. DOD is unable to provide its bases with electricity when …battle or war would be greatly reduced.

And, False Flag Attacks Could Instigate Conflict
Lobel, 2k12 (Hannah Lobel, J.D. Candidate @ the Univ of Texas Law, MSJ from Northwestern Univ., BA from Grinnell College. “Cyber War Inc.: The Law of War Implications of the Private Sector’s Role in Cyber Conflict” Texas International Law Journal, Volume 47, Issue 3. JPMiller)
The attribution problem complicates not only whether … from such effects, the legal regime applies in the cyber conflict realm.

And, In the Context of Our Nuclear Assets, “The Extent to Which a Nuclear Plant is Vulnerable to Such Cyber-Attacks Will Depend Upon the Design of the Plant…and How Effective the Countermeasures …are at… Mitigating the Consequences of Any Attacks that Succeed” – A Severe Cyber-Attack Risks Retaliation.
Martellini, 2k12. (Maurizio Martellini, Secretary General of the Landau Network-Centro Volta, Professor of Theoretical Physics @ the Univ of Isurbia; Dr Thomas Shea, IWG and Tom Shea Nuclear Consulting Services; Dr. Sandro Gaycken, IWG and Freie Universitat, Berlin. “Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants” Paper Prepared Published for the U.S. Department of State. 01/23/12 Paper. http://www.state.gov/t/isn/183589.htm KevC)
- Refers to Italicized Section Quoted in Tagline, It was Read Once.
Nuclear power plants may be vulnerable to cyber attacks, … more robust and secure hard- and software.

And, The DOD’s Reliance on the Commercial Grid Makes It Into a Military Asset – In the Context of Cyber-Warfare the Grid is Considered a Normal Target for Military Planners – A Severe Cyber-Attack Would Be Considered a Major Escalation of Conflict
Lewis 2k10 (James Lewis, PhD from Univ of Chicago, Senior Fellow and Director of the Technology and Public Policy Program, Previously Worked at the Department of State and Department of Commerce as a Foreign Service Officer, Member of the Senior Executive Service. “Thresholds for Cyberwar” Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 1. JPMiller)
Critical infrastructure is a normal target … with strategic consequences.
1AC: Energy Resiliency – 20/25
And, Retaliation Causes the Death of Millions
Heuvel and Schell, 2k2. (Katrina Vanden Heuvel,Editor, Publisher of the Nation; and Jonathan Schell, Distinguished Visiting Fellow @ Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, Has Taught at Emory and Princeton, New York Univ, Distinguished Visiting Writer @ Wesleyan Univ., Fellow @ the Institute of Politics, Fellow at the Shorenstein Center on the Press, Poltiics, and Public Policy @ the John F Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, Taught Nuclear Dilemma at Yale Law School, Fellow @ the Nation Institute and the Peace and Disarmament Correspondent for The Nation. A Just Response: The Nation on Terrorism, Democracy and September 11, 2001. Avalon Publishing Group Incorporated. KevC pg. 30-32)
When I began this column after September 11, I chose to name it “Letter From Ground Zero” … The darkness deepens. Have just two months of “war on terrorism” brought us to this?

Solvency
On-Site Small Reactors Provide Grid Resiliency and Can Re-Boot Critical Assets
King, et al., 2k11. (Marcus King, Associate Director of Research and Associate Research Professor of International Affairs @ the Elliot School of International Affairs, Previously Worked for the Center for Naval Analyses; LaVar Huntzinger; Thoi Nguyen. “Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations” Center for Naval Analysis, Resource Analysis Division, Environment and Energy Team. Online PDF. KevC)
Having a reliable source of electricity is critically important …to electrical power assurance.

The Department of Defense is Uniquely Key
Cohen, 2k12. (Armond Cohen, Executive Director of Clean Air Task Force, Developed and Directed the Conservation Law Foundation Energy Project, Honors Graduate of the Harvard Law School and Brown University, Member of the Keystone Energy Board and the US EPA Clean Air Act Advisory Committee. “DOD: A Model for Energy Innovation?” Clean Air Task Force, May 29. Originally in the National Journal’s Energy and Environment Expert Blog. Online. KevC)
Unlike most other agencies, including the Energy … restructuring and greenhouse gas emissions reductions.

Solving the Grid Outweighs – In the Event of a War, Attacks on the Grid Independently Derail the Military’s Response.
Andres and Breetz 2k11. (Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Studies @ the National Defense Univ.; Hanna L. Breetz, Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Political Science @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations” National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, Strategic Forum #262, February 23. JPMiller)

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Created by Peter Sadwski on 2012/09/22 16:37