Tournament: UNLV | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC Positive Peace K

A. Peace is more than the absence of war- a limited understanding of the concept produces flawed policies- interrogation of the question “what is peace” is the primary task of policy makers
Richmond 07. Oliver Richmond, professor in International Relations and Director of the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of St. Andrews. The Transformations of Peace. Palgrave MacMillan, 2007, pg 1.

B. Representations of war as a bounded temporal event sanitize peace time militarism and produce a politics of crises control that is incapable of dealing with complex societal interconnections that produce violence- the result is an inability to combat structural violence

Cuomo, Professor at the University of Cincinnati, 1996 Chris J., “War is Not Just an Event: Reflections on the Significance of Everyday Violence,” Hypatia v11, n4, Fall, p. database

C. Representation constructs facts and therefore must be correct before the question of policy can be approached
Doty, assistant professor of political science at arizona state university, 1996 roxanne lynn, imperial encounters, p. 5-6

D. (text The alternative is rejection action and think critically of what peace is.
This round should be about critically analyzing assumptions and rhetoric because it’s the only thing that we as individuals can control, this process allows us to escape a framework that perpetuates the harms it attempts to solve.
Žižek 2008
Slavoj, senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology @ Univ. of Ljubljana, Violence, p. 6-8

Tournament: UNLV | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC Politics DA

Obama leading – 277 electoral votes – conditions are right
Burdette, 10/9/12
Whitney, The State Journal, “Sabato's "crystal ball" predicts Obama victory”, http://www.statejournal.com/story/19778983/sabatos-crystal-ball-predicts-obama-victory, BJM

Renewables Link – Unpopular Public
Renewables are unpopular – swings the election
von Schirach 12
Paolo von Schirach May 11, 2012 Grim Prospects For Renewable Energy In The US – Subsidies Politically Unpopular – Natural Gas A Much Cheaper Alternative – USG Should Focus On RandD http://schirachreport.com/index.php/2012/05/11/grim-prospects-for-renewable-energy-in-the-us-subsidies-politically-unpopular-natural-gas-a-much-cheaper-alternative-usg-should-focus-on-rd/print/

Obama needs to appear fiscally responsible to avoid alienating key independents
USA Today, 5/26 (5/26/2012, "Obama campaign goes on the defensive on spending, debt," http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-05-26/obama-romney-debt-spending/55221120/1)

Romney will label China a currency manipulator-that causes a trade war
Shobert, 12 Benjamin A., Managing Director of Rubicon Strategy Group, also author of upcoming book Blame China, “Romney lays ground for China trade war,” http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/NB22Cb01.html

US-China trade war escalates to conflict and collapses global trade
Droke 10 (Clif, Editor – Momentum Strategies Report, “America and the Next Major War’, Green Faucet, 3-29, http://www.greenfaucet.com/technical-analysis/america-and-the-next-major-war/79314)

US-China war goes nuclear
Johnson 1 (Chalmers, President – Japan Policy Research Institute, “Time to Bring the Troops Home”, The Nation, 4-26, http://ieas.berkeley.edu/cks/k12/girling_troops.doc)

Collapse of trade causes extinction
Pazner 8 (Michael J., Faculty – New York Institute of Finance, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138)

IFRs require uranium enrichment and reprocessing – 5 issues make it incredibly controversial

Wauchope, Australian nuclear policy writer for Independent Australia, 12 (Noel, 7/5. “In dispraise of Integral Fast Nuclear Reactors” http://www.independentaustralia.net/2012/environment/in-dispraise-of-integral-fast-nuclear-reactors/) Writer for Independent Australia. used to write for the now defunct Nation Review on the subject, as well as being the spokesperson for Women’s Electoral Lobby on nuclear issues. During that time Noel participated in a public debate with Dr Leslie Kemeny, and was also a panel member with Barry Jones, Barry Cohen and Philip Adams in bringing Ralph Nader to Australia.

Tournament: UNLV | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC Regular States CP

The 50 states and all relevant U.S. territories should _

State action gets modeled due to local innovation

Lash ’07 (Jonathan, “Climate Policy in the State Laboratory: How States Influence Federal Regulation and the Implications for U.S. Policy,” World Resources Institute, September, http://www.wri.org/publication/climate-policy-in-the-state-laboratory, TGA)

States better than fed for solar
Center for American Progress 8 (http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2008/01/solar_report.html, AG) 

State incentives can promote global solar power development
Gamble-Risley, 9-6-2006( Michelle, writer for the Engineering News-Record, “California Extends Rebate Plan to Municipal Utilities, http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do , NJ)

States solve energy policy – bottom up approach works best

Nicholas Lutsey and Daniel Sperling, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 8 (Energy Policy 36)

States taking the lead on solar energy – they set a national example

Schoning 8/3/12 (Christian, Star-Ledger, “How N.J. solar energy outshines the other 49 states,” http://blog.nj.com/njv_guest_blog/2012/08/how_nj_solar_energy_outshines.html, TGA)

Advances in telecommunication technology have put the U.S. on the cusp of a major leap in market-driven energy innovation that solves the energy crisis and economic productivity. The issue is not one of policy, but technology.

Hendricks and James 8/27/2012
Bracken and Adam, The Networked Energy Web. Hendricks: Senior Fellow at Center for American Progress and Former Energy Adviser to Obama, James: Special Assistant for Energy and Environmental Policy at American Progress http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2012/08/27/33827/the-networked-energy-web/

When government prop up a certain industry, it promotes technological malaise that directly trades off with market-driven innovation and global competitiveness. 

Nicolas Loris citing Jim Nelson 2011
Dec. 9, Gone with the Wind Subsidies, MA Economics GW, BA Econ/Finance/Poli. Sci Albright College, Fellow at Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies , Nelson: MBA Brigham Young – Summa Cum Laude, CEO of Solar 3D , Former business consultant at Bain and Company http://blog.heritage.org/2011/12/09/gone-with-the-wind-subsidies/

Competitiveness and innovation key to hegemony.
Martino 7 (Rocco, Senior Fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute, http://www.fpri.org/orbis/5102/martino.innovationamericanleadership.pdf 7/3/11) HD

Decline in U.S. hegemony sparks nuclear wars in every key region – there is no viable alternative to primacy
Kagan ‘07
Robert Kagan, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and senior transatlantic fellow at the German Marshall Fund, August-September 2007, “End of Dreams, Return of History,” Hoover Policy Review, online: http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html

States can effectively support energy RandD
Milford, 12
(Sr. Fellow-Brookings and President-Clean Energy Group, “Leveraging State Clean Energy Funds for Economic Development,”
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/1/11%20states%20energy%20funds/0111_states_energy_funds)

Tournament: UNLV | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1NC IFR K

The Affirmative tells a pleasant story – that IFR technology can produce a world without pollution, without CO2 emissions, or better yet, a world without energy scarcity and its attendant dangers, resource wars and economic instability. All of these claims rely on the assumption of a world devoid of ideology, one where technology is always used for its intended purpose, and where its intended purpose always reflects the best interests of humanity and the world.
In this light, the claim that IFR reactors could be used to reprocess waste, spent fuel, or even weapons-grade plutonium, is factually accurate, yet completely misses the point. IFRs could be used to reprocess fissile-grade plutonium in the same way Apachi helicopters could be used to deliver food and medical supplies to dying children. The naïve observation of their capabilities eclipses their role as producers of weapons-grade fissile material in a global nuclear arms race that is still ongoing.

Jim Green, anti-nuclear advocate, Friends of the Earth Australia, July 2009, http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw

The assumption that IFRs will be used for good is further at odds with the framing ontology of the 1AC. The Affirmative views international relations as a domain of mechanistic intervention by supposedly rational nation states. This discourse adopts an ontology of violence, in which humans, nations, and the environment are all reduced to instruments of security. It is this very framing that destines IFRs to become factories for the production of nuclear weaponry.

Anthony Burke, Professor of IR at University of New South Wales, “Ontologies of War”, in Theory and Event Vol 10, Issue 2, 2007

Furthermore, the actual dangers of IFR reactors are unknown, because the reactors themselves are new, experimental technology. The nuclear industry always claims its technology is absolutely safe, up until the moment it fails. The Aff’s projections of environmental risk are cloaked in a scientific positivism that continually produces environmental calamities in the name of what we claim to know.

Timothy Luke, Professor of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Eco-Managerialism: Environmental Studies as a Power/Knowledge Formation, Aurora Online, 2003 http://aurora.icaap.org/index.php/aurora/article/view/79/91 

This technological enframing not only risks ecological collapse and nuclear annihilation, but also the very essence of what it is to be human, the ability to experience the world outside of calculation.

Tad Beckman, Professor of Philosophy at Harvey Mudd, Martin Heidegger and Environmental Ethics, 2000, http://www2.hmc.edu/~tbeckman/personal/Heidart.html 

Our alternative is critique. Exposing the machinic frameworks of possibility opened up by Security and challenging the language through which we’re drawn into its web create space created for human agency and politics outside of calculation.

Anthony Burke, Professor of IR at University of New South Wales, “Aporias of Security”, in Alternatives 27, 2002

Tournament: UNLV | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
International Fuel Bank CP

The United States Congress should provide full funding for an international fuel bank, which will be enforced by the IAEA. The Department of Defense should end drone strikes.  The United States Congress should fund and implement the Reliable Replacement Warhead program.

It makes deterrence credible

Jon Kyl, Chairman of the GOP Policy Committee “Maintaining Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century” Republican Policy Committee. June 16, 2005. PDF File accessed online 9/7/09 at page: http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/policies/Jun16NuclearMG.pdf

Deterrence solves hard power

Goure (Department of Defense Transition Team) 2003 Daniel, “Nuclear Deterrence, Then and Now” Policy Review, December – January 2002-2003, Hoover Institution, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458886.html 

Solves prolif:

Sen. Evan Bayh, 2009 (Senator from Indiana, 1/15/2009,
http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=450020andsubsecID=900203andcontentID=254843)

Tournament: UNLV | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Rhetoric of the “rogue state” and proliferation is used to mobilize the public behind methods of coercive diplomacy and brute force justifying war in the name of furthering peace

Tanter, 2k3 (Raymond, professor of political science at Georgetown University and adjunct scholar of The Washington Institute, served on the National Security Council staff and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, Classifying Evil: Bush Administration Rhetoric and Policy toward Rogue Regimes, Executive Summary, February, p. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC04.php?CID=52)

The affirmative unconditional commitment to the maintenance of US dominance in this new, “peaceful” world and portrayal of nuclear weapons as unsafe in the hands of “third world” countries makes nuclear violence inevitable

Biswas, 2k1 (Shampa, Assistant Professor of Politics at Whitman College, Alternatives, Oct-Dec, p. 496-497)

“Rogue state” proliferation rhetoric distorts political and defense strategies—its casual linguistic deployment encourages the proliferation it attempts to prevent and numbs us to the devastating effects of war

Gray, 1999 (Colin, professor of international politics at the University of Reading, The Second Nuclear age)

Prolif discourse creates a violent dichotomous relationship that defines states as immature villains in order to construct our own identity as law-abiding heroes—this characterization establishes the other as a constant threat that justifies nuclear use and perpetuates neocolonialism and intervention in the name of international security

Mutimer, 2k (David, assistant professor of Political Science at York University, The Weapons State, p. 93-95)

Throughout history, US imperialists have used the concept of the superior “West” and inferior “Third World” to justify an endless sea of war and violence. This kill to save mentality evoked by the need to ensure “international security” culminates in genocide and extinction.

Santos, 2k3 (Boaventura de Sousa, Director of Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, “Collective Suicide?,”  Bad Subjects #63, April eserver.org/bs/63/santos.html)

Alternative—Text: reject the 1ac representations of nuclear proliferation
The crucial question isn’t whether the action of their policy is good or bad, but whether to allow its routinized deployment through loaded terminology—vote negative to cultivate accountability in political actions

Mral, 2k4 (Brigitte, professor of rhetoric at Orebo University, “We’re a Peaceful Nation: War Rhetoric After September 11”, p. http://www.krisberedskapsmyndigheten.se/4453.epibrw)