Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: Texas CM | Judge: Donny Peters

1AC - Inherency

Observation One is Inherency

Lack of government incentives collapses support for furthering Enhanced Oil Recovery projects – government certainty is critical to project investment

Kalter, 7/22/12
~[Lindsay, National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners; Summer Committee Meetings, "IEA: CCS REGULATION ADVANCING ’VERY WELL’", Exchange Monitor Publications %26 Forums, http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/iea-ccs-regulation-advancing-e28098very-welle28099/?mobileFormat=false-http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/iea-ccs-regulation-advancing-e28098very-welle28099/?mobileFormat=false, BJM~]

While the absence of incentive policies, federal involvement and public support continues to hamstring
AND
drive sufficient investment in low-carbon technologies," according to the report.

And, just this year the current EOR credit has ran out, destroying certainty

Bloomberg BNA, 7/30
Daily Tax Report, "IRS: Enhanced Oil Recovery Credit Phased Out Completely for 2012 Costs", http://www.bna.com/irs-enhanced-oil-n12884910886/-http://www.bna.com/irs-enhanced-oil-n12884910886/, BJM

IRS in Notice 2012-49, scheduled for publication in Internal Revenue Bulletin 2012
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greater than %2428 multiplied by the inflation adjustment factor for that year.

Thus the plan:

The United States federal government should provide a production tax credit for carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery production in the United States.

1AC – Warming

Advantage 1 is Warming

The science behind warming is rock solid – most scientific reports have confirmed the validity of the greenhouse gas effects, however, the modern right wing has taken over "climate denial" as their new pet project
CFR 9/25/11 Council on Foreign Relations, reposted from the AP written by Charles Hanley AP Special correspondent, AP: The American ’Allergy’ to Global Warming: Why?, http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/ap-american-allergy-global-warming-why/p26042?cid=rss-fullfeed-ap__the_american__allergy__to_-092511%26utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=feed%26utm_campaign=Feed%3A+cfr_main+%28CFR.org+-+Main+Site+Feed%29%26utm_content=Google+Reader
NEW YORK (AP) — Tucked between treatises on algae and prehistoric turquoise beads
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pope’s scientific advisers, "We must protect the habitat that sustains us."  

Climate denialism is 21st century invisible racism at its finest – the Politics of denial act to preserve the interests of the rich white male, ignoring the impact borne by minorities.
Mooney ’11, Chris, science and political journalist specializing in science in politics, the psychology of denialism, Knight Science Journalism Fellow, MIT; Visiting Associate, Center for Collaborative History, Princeton U; 8/2/11 ("What’s Up With Conservative White Men and Climate Change Denial?," http://www.desmogblog.com/what-s-conservative-white-men-and-climate-change-denial)
They’re the conservative white men (CWM) of climate change denial, and we’ve
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radio show, and various climate denial blogs serve to fan the flames.

And, trends are reversible if action is taken now

Pew Center 11
(The Pew Center on Global Climate Change is as a non-profit, non-partisan, and independent organization dedicated to providing credible information, straight answers, and innovative solutions in the effort to address global climate change, "Climate Change 101: Understanding and Responding to Global Climate Change,")
The scientific Evidence is unequivocal. Natural climate variability alone cannot explain this trend.
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gases in the atmosphere will lessen the magnitude and rate of climate change." 

All industry experts conclude that expanding EOR significantly reduces emissions

Biello 09 (David – Associate Editor of Environment and Energy at Scientific American, 4/9/2009, Enhanced Oil Recovery: How to Make Money from Carbon Capture and Storage Today, Scientific American, p. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=enhanced-oil-recovery-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=enhanced-oil-recovery)
In all of these projects, the CO2 basically scours more hydrocarbons out of the
AND
S. could reduce CO2 emissions by 4 percent, if done correctly.

Incentivizing EOR can reverse 10-20 years worth of emissions damage

NEORI, February 2012 (National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative, Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Domestic Energy, Economic, and Environmental Opportunity, p. 10)
Regarding the benefits of EOR for reducing CO2 emissions, using CO2 captured from industrial
AND
aquifers (Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 40 CFR §144).

Expanding EOR revitalizes the carbon capture industry

Gardner, 12/11/2011 (Timothy – Reuters correspondent, Using Oil to Reduce Carbon Emissions, The New York Times, p. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/business/global/12iht-green12.html-http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/business/global/12iht-green12.html)
Companies including Denbury Resources and Kinder Morgan have piped carbon dioxide from naturally occurring sources
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the other commercial relationships that would need to get developed," she said.

CCS is the key bridge to a sustainable energy future
WRI 8
World Resources Institute, "CCS Overview: What Is CCS?," http://www.wri.org/project/carbon-dioxide-capture-storage/ccs-basics
CCS is a broad term that encompasses a number of technologies that can be used
AND
near-term energy demand until alternatives can provide sufficient and reliable electricity.

CCS is feasible and is the only way to solve warming – other energy solutions are insufficient

Cohen et al. 9 – Co-Founder and Executive Director of the Clean
AND
, Issue 4, pp. 25-42, p. ScienceDirect)
II. CCS is Critical to a Zero-Carbon World¶ The title of a recent article by two leading climate researchers sums up the message emerging from the latest scientific evidence: "Stabilizing climate requires near-zero emissions."1 Even the most dramatic, 50–80 percent CO2 reduction goals generally being discussed likely are not enough. We need a near-100-percent reduction by mid-century at the latest. Energy systems need to change faster.2¶ Part of the urgency stems from the reality that warming impacts from today’s emissions may last as long as 1,000 years3; we cannot assume that reducing emissions "tomorrow" means we can reverse damage done to date. Worse, we risk passing irreversible "tipping points" that trigger abrupt and catastrophic changes, such as major ice melt in the polar regions, extensive rainforest loss, and radical alterations of critical weather and ocean circulation patterns. Such tipping points could be in sight if current emission trends continue for another decade or more.4¶ Unfortunately, we are moving in the wrong direction fast. In recent years, China has added coal capacity at a rate of one large new plant per week (70–100 GW per year)5 and India – potentially the world’s most populous country by 2030 – could ramp up as well. The International Energy Agency (IEA) currently projects that world coal capacity will nearly double by 2030, an increase of 1,310 GW.6 If this build-out occurs without CCS, it will increase world CO2 emissions by about 12.6 billion metric tons annually7—roughly twice current U.S. emissions from all sources. Clearly, China, India, and other developing countries will "make or break" any global effort to cut CO2 emissions—in fact, changes in their emissions trajectory will overwhelm any plausible reductions by developed countries.¶ Numerous studies—including studies by the IEA, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), and several major environmental organizations—have assessed the relative roles that different technologies might play in meeting various climate stabilization targets. This body of work (and more) suggests that CCS has economic advantages relative to other options and is likely to be indispensable in achieving a zero-carbon energy mix. Specifically, these studies (which are reviewed and summarized at the CATF Web site, http://www.catf.us/projects/power_sector/advanced_coal/) find the following:¶ • Stabilizing atmospheric CO2 at 450 parts per million by volume (ppmv) could require more than 250 GW of fossil power with CCS globally by 2030 (U.S. CCSP, 2007)8;¶ • Fossil fuels with CCS might need to provide 26 percent of global energy supply under stabilization constraints (WWF, 2007)9;¶ • Combined power sector and industrial CCS could provide the largest single CO2 abatement option in the U.S. in 2030 (McKinsey %26 Co., 2007)10;¶ • Costs for stabilizing CO2 with widespread CCS deployment could be reduced 30 percent or more compared to the costs without CCS (IPCC, 2005)11;¶ • CCS is likely to play a role roughly equivalent to that of energy efficiency and renewables in climate mitigation (IPCC, 2007).12¶ 

Even if regulations aren’t likely now, the plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost – specifically key to China and India

MIT 07 – Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/-http://web.mit.edu/coal/
Washington, DC – Leading academics from an interdisciplinary Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT
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simulation of the comparative performance of integrated technology systems should be greatly enhanced.

Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost

Apt et al 7 – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy
Jay, "Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration," Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf-http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report projects that if
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% of the total U.S. GHG emissions. The sources and

The harms of CO2 outweigh CO2 agriculture – independently it causes 5.5 billion people to starve

Strom 07 – University of Arizona planetary science emeritus professor, studied climate change for
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at Barnard College and a Senior Research Scientist at the Columbia Earth Institute.
The future consequences of global warming are the least known aspect of the problem.
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Russia, and to the coast of South Africa along the Indian Ocean. 

marginalized communities are less likely to survive global warming threating their unique culture – the US has an obligation to these populations
Minority Rights Groups International April 2008 http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Submissions/Minority_Rights_Group_International.pdf-http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Submissions/Minority_Rights_Group_International.pdf
~[Author: Rachel Baird (MRG) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities.~]
Climate change is just beginning to be articulated as a human rights issue – rather
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greenhouse gas emitter, bore more responsibility for this than any other nation.

The consequences of this discrimination is equivalent to an ongoing genocide – climate deniers risk the lives of hundreds of millions
Clive Hamilton November, 16th 2009 Hamilton: Denying the coming global holocaust http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/11/16/hamilton-denying-the-coming-climate-holocaust/-http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/11/16/hamilton-denying-the-coming-climate-holocaust/ ~[Professor of Public Ethics at the org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Philosophy_and_Public_Ethics (CAPPE)org/wiki/Clive_Hamilton and the Vice-Chancellor’s Chair in Public Ethics at org/wiki/Charles_Sturt_University.org/wiki/Clive_Hamilton He is the Founder and former Executive Director of the org/wiki/The_Australia_Institute. Overseas Commonwealth Postgraduate Scholar and completed his Doctorate-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate at the org/wiki/Institute_of_Development_Studies at the org/wiki/University_of_Sussex. Senior Visiting Fellow of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies of org/wiki/Yale_University. Professor at Oxford.~]
Climate sceptics resent being called deniers because of the odium associated with Holocaust revisionism.
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a high degree of certainty that if we do nothing they will die.

These systematic harms of structural violence must come before one shot calculations – the structural violence of the poorest of the poor have caused thermonuclear wars every year of every decade
Abu-Jamal 98 (Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html)
We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree, in a nation
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every decade, throughout the world. ~[Gilligan, p. 196~]

Racism must be rejected in EVERY INSTANCE without surcease. It justifies atrocities, creates another and is truly the CAPITAL SIN.
MEMMI  Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris    2000
Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
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.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

Warming will be fast and cause extinction – adaptation is not possible.

Tickell 08 – (Oliver Tickell is an environmental Researcher. He is the founder of the Kyoto2 climate initiative, a researcher of the Oxford Climate Associates and specialized in international climate policy. Published August 11th, 2008 (http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange-http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)
We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson ~[
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present: the warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar 

The Discussion of Race

The role of the ballot is that of a critical intellectual and you should view the debate through a critical race theory lens – white privilege is able to operate via invisibility in political discussions  - THE DISENFRANCHISED ARE THE BLACK CATS OF THE POLICY COMMUNITY
Mills Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago 1997
Charles-; The Racial Contract
Nationally, within these racial polities, the Racial Contract manifests itself in white resistance
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contribution) but unrelated to the history of transcontinental and intracontinental racial exploitation.

The current struggle against global warming represents the invisibility of race at its finest – the environmental movement continually ignores race we must connect the dots between racial discrimination in warming if we are to survive
Tim Wise April 13th 2011 Tim Wise and White Privilege http://changefromwithin.org/2011/04/13/tim-wise-and-white-privilege/-http://changefromwithin.org/2011/04/13/tim-wise-and-white-privilege/ ~[Wise served as an adjunct faculty member at the Smith College School for Social Work, in Northampton, Massachusetts, where he co-taught a Master’s level class on Racism in the U.S. In 2001, Wise trained journalists to eliminate racial bias in reporting, as a visiting faculty-in-residence at the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida. From 1999-2003, Wise was an advisor to the Fisk University Race Relations Institute, in Nashville, and in the early ’90s he was Youth Coordinator and Associate Director of the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism: the largest of the many groups organized for the purpose of defeating neo-Nazi political candidate, David Duke. He graduated from Tulane University in 1990 and received antiracism training from the People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond, in New Orleans.~]
But as troubling as colorblindness can be when evinced by liberals, colormuteness may be
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color and their concerns, but is to weaken the fight for survival.

Approaching WARMING without disrupting the RACIAL FRAMEWORK that exists MISSES the BOAT, FEAR of ERODING racial hierarchies explain INEFFECTUAL "market-based approaches" to global warming.
MANDELL Dir of the Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity Fair Housing Project 2k8 ~[Bekah-A.B., Vassar College, J.D., Boston College Law School, Father Rober Drinan Family Fund Public Interest Fellow; Racial Reification and Global Warming:  A Truly Inconvenient Truth; BOSTON COLLEGE THIRD WORLD LAW JOURNAL, Spring, 28 B.C. Third World L.J. 289~]
 ~[*297~]  Fear of eroding the hierarchies that define race explains why politicians
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arise to threaten the predominance of the traditionalist, capitalist ruling class." n52-http://www.lexisnexis.com.proxy.binghamton.edu/lnacui2api/frame.do?reloadEntirePage=true%26rand=1300963062371%26returnToKey=20_T11559734102%26parent=docview%26target=results_DocumentContent%26tokenKey=rsh-20.307872.8645909542

It’s not a question of solvency, but one of exposition – we must constantly discursively challenge the dominant paradigms of climate denial – grassroots struggles are critical. This grassroots struggle CAN break down climate denialism.
Gore, ’11 ~[Yes, THE Al Gore, Al Gore August 29th 2011. "Al Gore Compares Climate Change Deniers to Racists" ~[This is a transcription of the video embedded in the page~] http://www.inquisitr.com/137269/al-gore-compares-climate-change-deniers-to-racists/-http://www.inquisitr.com/137269/al-gore-compares-climate-change-deniers-to-racists/~]
Gore: Yeah if Michael Jordan had been covered in the basketball court by four
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were two things that really made an impression on me, my generation watched
Bull Connor turning the hose on the civil rights demonstrators when I went whoa how
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are concerned I think it’s important to get that out there, absolutely.  

Alternative interpretations are not neutral – they approach the world from a white epistemological basis of willful ignorance and forgetfulness – our discussion of race must come first

Mills Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago 1997
Charles-; The Racial Contract
Finally, the Racial Contract requires its own peculiar moral and empirical epistemology, its
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structured blindnesses and opacities in order to establish and maintain the white polity .

Traditional risk-calculus is flawed in questions of energy – a socio-cultural perspective is critical to mobilize actions and address structural issues.

Moser and Dilling 2007 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National Center
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Climate Change and Facilitating Social Change," Cambridge University Press, Pg 130)
Risk communication research over the past two decades  despite the findings of Mohai (2004
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to these poor, rural audiences. We summarize the lessons learned from both 

1AC – Solvency

Observation 2 is solvency

A federally targeted PTC to the CO2-EOR industry will help boost large scale commercialization projects while remaining cost neutral

NEORI, February 2012 (National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative, Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Domestic Energy, Economic, and Environmental Opportunity, http://www.neori.org/NEORI_Report.pdf-http://www.neori.org/NEORI_Report.pdf, BJM)
U.S. federal policy has long encouraged the capture and ¶ geologic storage
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¶ project performance and a revenue- positive outcome for ¶ American taxpayers. 

Linking CO2 to EOR projects is uniquely beneficial for long term cost saving

Carter, 6/4/12
~[LD, US Carbon Sequestration Council, "An Early Deployment Strategy for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Technologies", http://www.uscsc.org/Files/Admin/Educational_Papers/20120604_Early%20Deployment%20Strategy%20for%20CCUS%20Technologies_FINAL.pdf-http://www.uscsc.org/Files/Admin/Educational_Papers/20120604_Early Deployment Strategy for CCUS Technologies_FINAL.pdf, BJM~]

EOR, however, presents a unique opportunity for exploiting the option of a tax
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the context of potential EOR activity and taxation in the U.S.

And, Federal legislation key to EOR/CCS expansion

Carbon Capture Journal, 2010
~["CCS could increase US oil production says report", March 12, http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=533-http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=533, BJM~]
EOR with CCS would help drive domestic economic growth and increase US oil reserves,
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while increasing state and Federal revenues between %24190 and %24210 billion.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMKC | Judge: Odekirk

1AC - Inherency

Observation One is Inherency

Lack of government incentives collapses support for furthering Enhanced Oil Recovery projects – government certainty is critical to project investment

Kalter, 7/22/12
~[Lindsay, National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners; Summer Committee Meetings, "IEA: CCS REGULATION ADVANCING ’VERY WELL’", Exchange Monitor Publications %26 Forums, http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/iea-ccs-regulation-advancing-e28098very-welle28099/?mobileFormat=false-http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/iea-ccs-regulation-advancing-e28098very-welle28099/?mobileFormat=false, BJM~]

While the absence of incentive policies, federal involvement and public support continues to hamstring
AND
drive sufficient investment in low-carbon technologies," according to the report.

And, just this year the current EOR credit has ran out, destroying certainty

Bloomberg BNA, 7/30
Daily Tax Report, "IRS: Enhanced Oil Recovery Credit Phased Out Completely for 2012 Costs", http://www.bna.com/irs-enhanced-oil-n12884910886/-http://www.bna.com/irs-enhanced-oil-n12884910886/, BJM

IRS in Notice 2012-49, scheduled for publication in Internal Revenue Bulletin 2012
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greater than %2428 multiplied by the inflation adjustment factor for that year.

Thus the plan:

The United States federal government should provide a production tax credit for carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery production in the United States.

1AC – Warming

Advantage 1 is Warming

C02 Causes Global Warming and the Newest Research Methods Account for the Objections of the Skeptics

ORLCF 12 (Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, 4/4/12, super-duper computing facility, http://www.olcf.ornl.gov/2012/04/04/carbon-dioxide-caused-global-warming-at-ice-ages-end-pioneering-simulation-shows/-http://www.olcf.ornl.gov/2012/04/04/carbon-dioxide-caused-global-warming-at-ice-ages-end-pioneering-simulation-shows/)
Climate science has an equivalent to the "what came first—the chicken or
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. The NOAA NGDC and PANGAEA databases were also essential to this work. 

Global warming is real, caused by human CO2 emissions, and will cause flooding and feedback loops that causes population migrations fueling political instability, economic collapse, and failed states, escalating to nuclear war in a vicious cycle to extinction

Kaku 11 – Michio Kaku, co-creator of string field theory, a branch of string theory. He received a B.S. (summa cum laude) from Harvard University in 1968 where he came first in his physics class. He went on to the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley and received a Ph.D. in 1972. In 1973, he held a lectureship at Princeton University. Michio continues Einstein’s search for a "Theory of Everything," seeking to unify the four fundamental forces of the universe—the strong force, the weak force, gravity and electromagnetism. He is the author of several scholarly, Ph.D. level textbooks and has had more than 70 articles published in physics journals, covering topics such as superstring theory, supergravity, supersymmetry, and hadronic physics. Professor of Physics — He holds the Henry Semat Chair and Professorship in theoretical physics at the City College of New York, where he has taught for over 25 years. He has also been a visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, as well as New York University (NYU). "Physics of the Future" http://213.55.83.52/ebooks/physics/Physics%20of%20the%20Future.pdf Accessed 6/26/12 BJM
By midcentury, the full impact of a fossil fuel economy should be in full
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methane gas to be released, causing a runaway cycle of global warming. 

And, trends are reversible if action is taken now

Pew Center 11
(The Pew Center on Global Climate Change is as a non-profit, non-partisan, and independent organization dedicated to providing credible information, straight answers, and innovative solutions in the effort to address global climate change, "Climate Change 101: Understanding and Responding to Global Climate Change,")
The scientific Evidence is unequivocal. Natural climate variability alone cannot explain this trend.
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gases in the atmosphere will lessen the magnitude and rate of climate change." 

All industry experts conclude that expanding EOR significantly reduces emissions

Biello 09 (David – Associate Editor of Environment and Energy at Scientific American, 4/9/2009, Enhanced Oil Recovery: How to Make Money from Carbon Capture and Storage Today, Scientific American, p. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=enhanced-oil-recovery-http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=enhanced-oil-recovery)
In all of these projects, the CO2 basically scours more hydrocarbons out of the
AND
S. could reduce CO2 emissions by 4 percent, if done correctly.

Incentivizing EOR can reverse 10-20 years worth of emissions damage

NEORI, February 2012 (National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative, Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Domestic Energy, Economic, and Environmental Opportunity, p. 10)
Regarding the benefits of EOR for reducing CO2 emissions, using CO2 captured from industrial
AND
aquifers (Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 40 CFR §144).

Expanding EOR revitalizes the carbon capture industry

Gardner, 12/11/2011 (Timothy – Reuters correspondent, Using Oil to Reduce Carbon Emissions, The New York Times, p. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/business/global/12iht-green12.html-http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/business/global/12iht-green12.html)
Companies including Denbury Resources and Kinder Morgan have piped carbon dioxide from naturally occurring sources
AND
the other commercial relationships that would need to get developed," she said.

CCS is the key bridge to a sustainable energy future
WRI 8
World Resources Institute, "CCS Overview: What Is CCS?," http://www.wri.org/project/carbon-dioxide-capture-storage/ccs-basics
CCS is a broad term that encompasses a number of technologies that can be used
AND
near-term energy demand until alternatives can provide sufficient and reliable electricity.

CCS is feasible and is the only way to solve warming – other energy solutions are insufficient

Cohen et al. 9 – Co-Founder and Executive Director of the Clean
AND
, Issue 4, pp. 25-42, p. ScienceDirect)
II. CCS is Critical to a Zero-Carbon World¶ The title of a recent article by two leading climate researchers sums up the message emerging from the latest scientific evidence: "Stabilizing climate requires near-zero emissions."1 Even the most dramatic, 50–80 percent CO2 reduction goals generally being discussed likely are not enough. We need a near-100-percent reduction by mid-century at the latest. Energy systems need to change faster.2¶ Part of the urgency stems from the reality that warming impacts from today’s emissions may last as long as 1,000 years3; we cannot assume that reducing emissions "tomorrow" means we can reverse damage done to date. Worse, we risk passing irreversible "tipping points" that trigger abrupt and catastrophic changes, such as major ice melt in the polar regions, extensive rainforest loss, and radical alterations of critical weather and ocean circulation patterns. Such tipping points could be in sight if current emission trends continue for another decade or more.4¶ Unfortunately, we are moving in the wrong direction fast. In recent years, China has added coal capacity at a rate of one large new plant per week (70–100 GW per year)5 and India – potentially the world’s most populous country by 2030 – could ramp up as well. The International Energy Agency (IEA) currently projects that world coal capacity will nearly double by 2030, an increase of 1,310 GW.6 If this build-out occurs without CCS, it will increase world CO2 emissions by about 12.6 billion metric tons annually7—roughly twice current U.S. emissions from all sources. Clearly, China, India, and other developing countries will "make or break" any global effort to cut CO2 emissions—in fact, changes in their emissions trajectory will overwhelm any plausible reductions by developed countries.¶ Numerous studies—including studies by the IEA, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), and several major environmental organizations—have assessed the relative roles that different technologies might play in meeting various climate stabilization targets. This body of work (and more) suggests that CCS has economic advantages relative to other options and is likely to be indispensable in achieving a zero-carbon energy mix. Specifically, these studies (which are reviewed and summarized at the CATF Web site, http://www.catf.us/projects/power_sector/advanced_coal/) find the following:¶ • Stabilizing atmospheric CO2 at 450 parts per million by volume (ppmv) could require more than 250 GW of fossil power with CCS globally by 2030 (U.S. CCSP, 2007)8;¶ • Fossil fuels with CCS might need to provide 26 percent of global energy supply under stabilization constraints (WWF, 2007)9;¶ • Combined power sector and industrial CCS could provide the largest single CO2 abatement option in the U.S. in 2030 (McKinsey %26 Co., 2007)10;¶ • Costs for stabilizing CO2 with widespread CCS deployment could be reduced 30 percent or more compared to the costs without CCS (IPCC, 2005)11;¶ • CCS is likely to play a role roughly equivalent to that of energy efficiency and renewables in climate mitigation (IPCC, 2007).12¶ 

Even if regulations aren’t likely now, the plan is key to convincing the world that emissions can be cut without economic cost – specifically key to China and India

MIT 07 – Interdisciplinary Study, The Future of Coal, http://web.mit.edu/coal/-http://web.mit.edu/coal/
Washington, DC – Leading academics from an interdisciplinary Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT
AND
simulation of the comparative performance of integrated technology systems should be greatly enhanced.

Only the plan is modeled – BRIC countries won’t cut emissions unless they can avoid economic cost

Apt et al 7 – PhD in Physics @ MIT, Professor of Technology, Tepper School of Business and Engineering and Public Policy
Jay, "Incentives for Near-Term Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration," Carnegie Mellon, http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf-http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ceic/pdfs_other/Incentives_for_Near-Term_Carbon_Dioxide_Geological_Sequestration.pdf
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report projects that if
AND
% of the total U.S. GHG emissions. The sources and

Warming will be fast and cause extinction – adaptation is not possible – lowering emissions is key

Tickell 08 – (Oliver Tickell is an environmental Researcher. He is the founder of the Kyoto2 climate initiative, a researcher of the Oxford Climate Associates and specialized in international climate policy. Published August 11th, 2008 (http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange-http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)
We need to get prepared for four degrees of global warming, Bob Watson ~[
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warming caused by human emissions could propel us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Unmitigated carbon emissions independently cause ocean acidification and extinction

Romm 12 – Joe Romm is a Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, "Science: Ocean Acidifying So Fast It Threatens Humanity’s Ability to Feed Itself," 3/2/2012, http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/?utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=email%26utm_campaign=Feed%3A+climateprogre-http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2012/03/02/436193/science-ocean-acidifying-so-fast-it-threatens-humanity-ability-to-feed-itself/?utm_source=feedburner%26utm_medium=email%26utm_campaign=Feed%3A+climateprogre
The world’s oceans may be turning acidic faster today from human carbon emissions than they
AND
corals, mollusks and some plankton need for reef and shell-building.

The harms of CO2 outweigh CO2 agriculture – independently it causes 5.5 billion people to starve

Strom 07 – University of Arizona planetary science emeritus professor, studied climate change for
AND
at Barnard College and a Senior Research Scientist at the Columbia Earth Institute.
The future consequences of global warming are the least known aspect of the problem.
AND
Russia, and to the coast of South Africa along the Indian Ocean. 

Warming is an existential risk – quickening reductions is key

Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA
Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, "Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it," pg. 122
The best estimates for global warming to the end of the century range from 2
AND
adaptation to these extremes would mean profound social, cultural and political changes.

There should be an extremely high standard of evidence in debates about global warming – current climate skepticism ignores peer-review, comes from unspecialized writers, cherry picks evidence and is informed by ideology – expert consensus goes aff

Somerville 11 – Professor of Oceanography @ UCSD
Richard Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, Coordinating Lead Author in Working Group I for the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 3-8-2011, "CLIMATE SCIENCE AND EPA’S GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS," CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis
Although the expert community is in wide agreement on the basic results of climate change
AND
as well as many more ordinary mortals who are simply very badly mistaken. 

1AC – Oil Dependence

Advantage 2 is Oil Dependence

Domestic supplies of oil are too little to fit US demand, forces increases reliance on foreign sources

Cavell 12 – Assistant Professor at the University of Bahrain (Dr. Colin Cavell, Center for Research on Globalization, "America’s Dependency On Middle East Oil", 4/11/12, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va%26aid=30177)
Currently, approximately 35% of the world’s seaborne crude oil extracted from the Earth
AND
and other ’strategic’ resources outweighs the nation’s avowed values to support democracy. 

Eliminating foreign oil is unnecessary for independence  - we need only reduce imports to where oil has little to no effect on economic or military policy – the natural foreign response to increased domestic supplies solves dependence

Benjamin K. Sovacool, ’07 - (an Assistant Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.  He is also a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization) 2007 "Oil Independence Possible for U.S. by 2030" http://scitizen.com/authors/Benjamin-K.-Sovacool-a 899_s_08b456d033fcee27acbc8caf208135e8.html-http://scitizen.com/authors/Benjamin-K.-Sovacool-a 899_s_08b456d033fcee27acbc8caf208135e8.html
Oil independence is possible for the U.S. if comprehensive and aggressive energy
AND
turn further limiting their ability to influence the oil market in the future. 

Oil dependence creates multiple scenarios for war – increases the incentive to go to war while short-circuiting barriers to conflict

GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, " Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security," August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx-http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx)
Oil dependence could reduce a state’s security if its access to oil is vulnerable to
AND
import oil will be uninterrupted and will pursue policies to ensure secure access. 

A federal PTC on CO2-EOR production would displace the need for oil imports in the coming years reducing unhealthy dependence

NEORI, February 2012 (National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative, Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Domestic Energy, Economic, and Environmental Opportunity, http://www.neori.org/NEORI_Report.pdf-http://www.neori.org/NEORI_Report.pdf, BJM)
NEORI’s centerpiece recommendation is a competitively ¶ awarded, revenue-positive federal production tax
AND
reducing total U.S. ¶ CO2¶ emissions in the process.

A national CO2-EOR program can reduce dependence substantially for the next 10-14 years in the status quo but next generation tech and CCS makes solvency unlimited

NEORI, February 2012 (National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative, Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Domestic Energy, Economic, and Environmental Opportunity, p. 8-9)
Reliance on oil imports directly affects the security and stability of the U.S
AND
made sources in a manner suitably calibrated to the full potential of EOR.

Combing CCS technology with EOR production can create sustainability in domestic oil markets reducing dependency by half

Howell, 3/11/2010 (Katie, Pairing Oil Recovery With Carbon Capture a Win-Win for U.S. – Report, The New York Times, p. http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/03/11/11greenwire-pairing-oil-recovery-with-carbon-capture-a-win-52359.html-http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/03/11/11greenwire-pairing-oil-recovery-with-carbon-capture-a-win-52359.html)
The Natural Resources Defense Council backed the report (pdf) that says combining CCS
AND
, helping the economy and enhancing national security without raising new environmental concerns."

Oil dependence makes conflict over the Strait of Hormuz inevitable – that escalates and goes nuclear

GLASER 2011 (Professor of Political Science and International Relations Elliot School of International Affairs The George Washington University, " Reframing Energy Security: How Oil Dependence Influences U.S. National Security," August 2011, http://depts.washington.edu/polsadvc/Blog%20Links/Glaser_-_EnergySecurity-AUGUST-2011.docx) *note – added ~[of~] for grammar
Energy dependence could draw the United States into a conflict in which a regional power
AND
a full-scale invasion or a conventional attack against their nuclear forces.

That causes Middle East war, terrorist attacks, and draws in Russia

Cochrane 12 (Paul, Special Reporter on Energy Wars for Executive Magazine, "Flirting with death", March 1, http://www.executive-magazine.com/getarticle.php?article=15225-http://www.executive-magazine.com/getarticle.php?article=15225)
If any of the above plays out, Gulf War Three, if not World
AND
be spun off if a war breaks out are incalculable," concludes Elleman. 

Middle East war goes nuclear and spreads globally

Steinbach 2002 – Analyst, Center for Research on Globalisation
http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/STE203A.html-http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/STE203A.html
Meanwhile, the existence of an arsenal of mass destruction in such an unstable region
AND
the deepening Middle East conflict could trigger a world conflagration." (44)

1AC – Solvency

Observation 2 is solvency

A federally targeted PTC to the CO2-EOR industry will help boost large scale commercialization projects while remaining cost neutral

NEORI, February 2012 (National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative, Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Domestic Energy, Economic, and Environmental Opportunity, http://www.neori.org/NEORI_Report.pdf-http://www.neori.org/NEORI_Report.pdf, BJM)
U.S. federal policy has long encouraged the capture and ¶ geologic storage
AND
¶ project performance and a revenue- positive outcome for ¶ American taxpayers. 

Linking CO2 to EOR projects is uniquely beneficial for long term cost saving

Carter, 6/4/12
~[LD, US Carbon Sequestration Council, "An Early Deployment Strategy for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Technologies", http://www.uscsc.org/Files/Admin/Educational_Papers/20120604_Early%20Deployment%20Strategy%20for%20CCUS%20Technologies_FINAL.pdf-http://www.uscsc.org/Files/Admin/Educational_Papers/20120604_Early Deployment Strategy for CCUS Technologies_FINAL.pdf, BJM~]

EOR, however, presents a unique opportunity for exploiting the option of a tax
AND
the context of potential EOR activity and taxation in the U.S.

And, Federal legislation key to EOR/CCS expansion

Carbon Capture Journal, 2010
~["CCS could increase US oil production says report", March 12, http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=533-http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=533, BJM~]
EOR with CCS would help drive domestic economic growth and increase US oil reserves,
AND
while increasing state and Federal revenues between %24190 and %24210 billion.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Octafinals | Opponent: Idaho State | Judge:
Contention 1: What went wrong
- JAKE AND I JUST WANT TO TALK TO THE DEBATE COMMUNITY ABOUT THIS TOPIC AND WHAT WENT WRONG
- Energy shapes how we view the world
- We have a privilege to the Earth and I think we can agree that we haven’t been dealing with it properly
- At first glance I was SO STOKED for energy to be my FIRST COLLEGE DEBATE TOPIC
- It gave us the opportunity to see alternative tech
o List
- It gave us the opportunity to take the right side on the green resolution
- We could have re-oriented our relationship with the climate
- That’s important

Re-orientign the debate to discuss climate change is critical
The affirmative discourse takes a new stance in climate change, a multidisciplinary lens communicated through social change
Moser and Dilling 2007 (Susanne Moser is a research scientist at the National Center
AND
and Facilitating Social Change,” Cambridge University Press, Pg 4-5)
So, clearly, there is something in how we communicate climate change that is
AND
of the conundrum, a way forward towards effective communication and empowered action. 

B. What happened
- I should have known better
- Reading the topic paper it promotes fossil fuels, natural gas, crude oil – definition production as only those things in black and white ink
- Renewables are under-developed in comparison
- Written by employees of the Law firm bracewell and Giuliani, it becomes clear the ideological agenda at play
- People that care enough about how debaters process ideas about this topic to write a paper
- A tradiational understanding of the topic is not neutral

The bracewell and Giuliani website admits – THEIR PREMIER SECTOR IS ENERGY PROMOTION OF OIL AND GAS, WORKING WITH THE FERC IN WASHINGTON TO PROMOTE PIPELINES AND FOSSIL FUELS – THIS IS WHAT THEY PRIDE THEMSELVES IN

C. The concession,
- Only mention of renewables is solar and wind
- A concession to us, but tossing out the only resolution that actually ended up talking about about “alternative energy”
- All lit says that solar/wind are SUPPLEMETNS not primary structures. The current global energy regime does not want any real alternatives beign discussed

They want to preserve the racist sqo so they only promote technology that is fundamentally flawed, so they can justify their championing of the dirty bridge over the green revolution, so they can maintain their place in the hierarchy

And trust me – we need change

World energy production is closely linked in a way – negatively affecting minority communities which consume the least amounts of energy themselves. Legislative frameworks are also structured to facilitate and excuse this behavior.
OilWatch 2001
[Durban Position Paper on Racism and Fossil Fuels http://www.oilwatch.org/2005/english/documentos/decla2001_racismoesp.pdf OILWATCH is an international network of ecological, human rights, religious and local organizations, that was conformed in 1995, to support the resistance initiatives of exploration and exploitation activities of fossil hydrocarbons in the tropics. ]
Given that: 1. World energy production and racism are closely linked. Activities
AND
. 169 is a related document concerning the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples

CONTENTION 2 EXPOSING THE POLITICS OF DENIAL

This has deep effects in US space policy, rather than funding crucial earth observation satellite, the US refuses to allow for a truly genuine climate science in order to maintain status quo vested economic interests
Patrick Gleick 8/31/2011 Why Anti-Science Ideology is Bad for America http://www.forbes.com/sites/petergleick/2011/08/31/why-anti-science-ideology-is-bad-for-america/ [CEO Pacific Institute, MacArthur Fellow, National Academy of Sciences]
Anti-science ideology isn’t completely new in the U.S. — there
AND
climate change, they postpone that debate by trying to discredit the science.

The science behind warming is rock solid – most scientific reports have confirmed the validity of the greenhouse gas effects, however, the modern right wing has taken over “climate denial” as their new pet project
CFR 9/25/11 Council on Foreign Relations, reposted from the AP written by Charles Hanley AP Special correspondent, AP: The American 'Allergy' to Global Warming: Why?, http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/ap-american-allergy-global-warming-why/p26042?cid=rss-fullfeed-ap__the_american__allergy__to_-092511andutm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+cfr_main+%28CFR.org+-+Main+Site+Feed%29andutm_content=Google+Reader
NEW YORK (AP) — Tucked between treatises on algae and prehistoric turquoise beads
AND
pope's scientific advisers, "We must protect the habitat that sustains us."  

THE TOPIC DOES NOT ALLOW US TO COMBAT CLIMATE DENIALISM – IT IS A MICRO-COSM OF THE CURRENT POLICY MAKING PROCESSES WHERE FOSSIL FUELS ARE FORCIBLY THRUST AS THE BEST ALTERNATIVE

Climate denialism is 21st century invisible racism at its finest – the Politics of denial act to preserve the interests of the rich white male, ignoring the impact borne by minorities.
Mooney ’11, Chris, science and political journalist specializing in science in politics, the psychology of denialism, Knight Science Journalism Fellow, MIT; Visiting Associate, Center for Collaborative History, Princeton U; 8/2/11 (“What’s Up With Conservative White Men and Climate Change Denial?,” http://www.desmogblog.com/what-s-conservative-white-men-and-climate-change-denial)
They’re the conservative white men (CWM) of climate change denial, and we’ve
AND
radio show, and various climate denial blogs serve to fan the flames.

This impact strikes at the heart of minority rights – systematic discrimination mean marginalized communities are less likely to survive global warming threating their unique culture – the US has an obligation to these populations
Minority Rights Groups International April 2008 http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Submissions/Minority_Rights_Group_International.pdf
[Author: Rachel Baird (MRG) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities.]
Climate change is just beginning to be articulated as a human rights issue – rather
AND
greenhouse gas emitter, bore more responsibility for this than any other nation.

Racism must be rejected in EVERY INSTANCE without surcease. It justifies atrocities, creates another and is truly the CAPITAL SIN.
MEMMI  Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris    2000
Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165
The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without remission
AND
.  True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

The role of the ballot is that of a critical intellectual and you should view the debate through a critical race theory lens – white privilege is able to operate via invisibility in our debate community and politics.
Mills Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago 1997
Charles-; The Racial Contract
Nationally, within these racial polities, the Racial Contract manifests itself in white resistance
AND
contribution) but unrelated to the history of transcontinental and intracontinental racial exploitation.

It’s not a question of solvency, but one of exposition – we must constantly discursively challenge the dominant paradigms of climate denial – grassroots struggles are critical
Gore, ’11 [Yes, THE Al Gore, Al Gore August 29th 2011. “Al Gore Compares Climate Change Deniers to Racists” [This is a transcription of the video embedded in the page] http://www.inquisitr.com/137269/al-gore-compares-climate-change-deniers-to-racists/]
Gore: Yeah if Michael Jordan had been covered in the basketball court by four
AND
were two things that really made an impression on me, my generation watched
Bull Connor turning the hose on the civil rights demonstrators when I went whoa how
AND
are concerned I think it’s important to get that out there, absolutely.  

Alternative interpretations are not neutral – they approach the world from a white epistemological basis of willful ignorance and forgetfulness – our discussion of race must come first
Mills Associate Prof of Philosophy @ U Illinois, Chicago 1997
Charles-; The Racial Contract
Finally, the Racial Contract requires its own peculiar moral and empirical epistemology, its
AND
structured blindnesses and opacities in order to establish and maintain the white polity .

The consequences of this discrimination is equivalent to an ongoing genocide – climate deniers risk the lives of hundreds of millions
Clive Hamilton November, 16th 2009 Hamilton: Denying the coming global holocaust http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/11/16/hamilton-denying-the-coming-climate-holocaust/ [Professor of Public Ethics at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)[1] and the Vice-Chancellor's Chair in Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University.[2] He is the Founder and former Executive Director of the The Australia Institute. Overseas Commonwealth Postgraduate Scholar and completed his Doctorate at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Senior Visiting Fellow of the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies of Yale University. Professor at Oxford.]
Climate sceptics resent being called deniers because of the odium associated with Holocaust revisionism.
AND
a high degree of certainty that if we do nothing they will die.

These systematic harms of structural violence must come before one shot calculations – the structural violence of the poorest of the poor have caused thermonuclear wars every year of every decade
Abu-Jamal 98 (Mumia, award-winning PA journalist, 9/19, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html)
We live, equally immersed, and to a deeper degree, in a nation
AND
every decade, throughout the world. [Gilligan, p. 196]

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States federal government should provide a tax credit for tertiary recovery in the United States that uses industrial carbon dioxide.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Just a note that we'll upload the stuff for our Palin (epistemic nomadism) aff open source since the cites/use of evidence is unconventional.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge: 

First the plan: The United States federal government should provide a tax credit for enhanced oil recovery that uses industrial carbon dioxide in the United States.

Advantage 1 is Warming:

Warming is real and anthropogenic – only our evidence accounts for 2012 data

Sato, et al 1/15/13 Makiko Sato is affiliated with the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and the Center for Climate Systems Research at Columbia University. AND Hansen, James E. Hansen heads the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City. He is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University. Hansen is best known for his research in the field of climatology. In 1988, Hansen’s testimony before the US Senate was featured on the front page of the New York Times and helped raise broad awareness of global warming. Hansen’s work has inspired scientists and activists around the world to fight for climate change solutions. In recent years, Hansen has become an activist for action to mitigate the effects of climate change, which on several occasions has led to his arrest. In 2009 his book, Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save com/Storms-My-Grandchildren-Catastrophe-Humanity/dp/B004A14W0E/ref=sr_1_1?s=booksandie=UTF8andqid=1301427631andsr=1-1(%%) was published.Global Temperature Update Through 2012 15 January 2013 J. Hansen, M. Sato, R. Ruedyhttp://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2013/20130115_Temperature2012.pdf

Summary. Global surface temperature in …the next El Nino phase.

And, it causes extinction – US NOW leadership is key

Ferris, 1/17/13 The Big Thaw, Elizabeth edu/experts/ferrise(%%) Co-Director, Brookings-LSE Project on Internal edu/about/projects/idp(%%), http:~/~/www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/01/edu/research/papers/2013/01/the-big-thaw(%%)

Global warming is occurring at … impact the world for generations.

And, action now can reverse warming 

Peters, et al December 12 Peer Reviewed Journal, Glen, Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO) The challenge to keep global warming below 2 degC, Glen P. Peters, Robbie M. Andrew, Tom Boden, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Corinne Le Quéré, Nature Climate Change, http:~/~/www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n1/full/html(%%)

On-going climate negotiations have …will very soon become unachievable.

Our tax credit for enhanced oil production stimulates a carbon market and widespread adoption of CCS

Claussen 12 – President of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions Eileen Claussen (Former Director of the Office of Atmospheric Programs @ EPA and Former Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs), “Speech: Utilizing CCS to Reduce Emissions,” Keynote speech at the 11th Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1, 2012, pg. http:~/~/www.c2es.org/press-center/speech/org/press-center/speech/claussen-carbon-capture-sequestration(%%)

And I also want to …and sequestration in the future.

Only CCS can mitigate extreme climate change swings and the worst impacts of warming

Der 10 - Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy @ U.S. Department of Energy  Dr. Victor K. Der (Former Director of the Office of Clean Energy Systems where he directed large-scale demonstration programs, including the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration program, the Power Plant Improvement Initiative, the Clean Coal Power Initiative, and FutureGen, a program for near-zero coal emissions. PhD in Mechanical Engineering from University of Maryland), “ARTICLE: CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE: AN OPTION FOR HELPING TO MEET GROWING GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND WHILE COUNTERING CLIMATE CHANGE,” University of Richmond Law Review, March 2010, 44 U. Rich. L. Rev. 937

Top coal producing nations, including … it must address with alacrity. //1ac

 Reducing CO2 is key to prevent a tipping point

Hansen et al 10 – Director of NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies Dr. James Hansen, Dr. Makiko Sato (Physicist @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. Pushker Kharecha (Researcher of earch sciences and astrobiology @ NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies), Dr. David Beerling (Professor of Animal and Plant Sciences @ University of Sheffield), Dr. Robert Berner (Professor Geology and Geophysics @ Yale University), Valerie Masson-Delmotte (Lab. Des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines), Dr. Mark Pagani (Professor of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology @ Yale University), Dr. Maureen Raymo (Paleoclimatologist/marine geologist @  Boston University), Dr. Dana L. Royer (Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences @ Wesleyan University) and Dr. James C. Zachos ( Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences  @ University of California – Santa Cruzo) “Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim?” Open Atmos. Sci. J. (2008), vol. 2, pp. 217-231

Realization that today’s climate is … that could be out of humanity’s control.

The plan creates a bridge to CCS

Moniz and Tinker 10 – Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Director of the Bureau of Economic Geology @ University of Texas at Austin Ernest J. Moniz and Scott W. Tinker “Role of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Accelerating the Deployment of Carbon Capture and Sequestration,” An MIT Energy Initiative and Bureau of Economic Geology at UT Austin Symposium, July 23, 2010

 Wealth creation from expanded use … shared with upstream CO2 suppliers.

The plan drastically reduces anthropogenic carbon

Drajem, 12/19 (U.S. Oil Fields Could Store Decades of Carbon Emissions, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-19/energy-department-says-oil-fields-could-store-decades-of-carbon.html)

 Depleted North American oil fields … the lack of carbon dioxide,” Waltzer said.

And results in negative emissions

Ricci and Selosse 11 – Lecturer of Environmental Economics @ Université d’Orléans and Researcher in the Centre for Applied Mathematics @ MINES ParisTech Dr. Olivia Ricci (PhD in Energy and Environmental Economics from Université d’Orléans, France) and Sandrine Selosse, “Global and regional potential for bioelectricity with carbon capture and storage,” Les Cahiers de la Chaire Modélisation, Working Paper N° 2011-03

4. Discussion

This paper is devoted to discussing … in the design of future energy policies.  Pg. 12-14 //1ac

And spills over globally

ICE 12 Institute for 21st Century Energy, 12 (November 20th, 2012, http:~/~/www.energyxxi.org/sites/default/files/020174_EI21_EnhancedOilRecovery_pdf(%%))

This added oil production would have … apply¶ CO2 EOR in other countries.

AND, CCS tech reduces carbon leakage and catalyzes a global emission control regime – unilateral emission controls fail

**CDR = Carbon Dioxide Removal (in this case CCS=CDR)

Klepper and Rickels 6/19/12 (Gernot, PhD, Chairman of the German National Committee on Global Change Research, member of the High-level of Leading Economists est. by the European Environment Agency, member of the Scientific Committee of the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change; Wilfred, PhD in Quantitative Economics, Member of the Kiel Institute for the World Economy. “The Real Economics of Climate Engineering.” Economics Research International: June 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/316564.)

 All in all, it appears that … serves as a good starting point for future research.

*RM – radiation management (i.e. sulphate aerosol spraying)

*CDR – Carbon dioxide removal

Failure to reduce CO2 emissions risks a planetary die-off – History proves

Bushnell 10 - Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010

Carbon-dioxide levels are now … – There is no room for doubt

**Replace Sommerville

Schneider 11 - Professor of Emergency Management Policy @ of North Carolina-Pembroke Dr. Robert O. Schneider (Chair of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration), “Climate change: an emergency management perspective,” Disaster Prevention and Management, 20. 1 (2011): 53-62

Some people on the fringes …, and response as a guide for policymaking. //1ac

Ocean acidification causes extinction

Romm 2K10 Dr. Joseph Romm is the editor of Climate Progress and a Senior Fellow at the American Progress, Acting Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy during the Clinton Administration, PhD in Physics from MIT, “Nature Geoscience study: Oceans are acidifying 10 times faster today than 55 million years ago when a mass extinction of marine species occurred” 2-18-10 http:~/~/climateprogress.org/2010/02/18/ocean-acidification-study-mass-extinction-of-marine-life-nature-geoscience/#org/2010/02/18/ocean-acidification-study-mass-extinction-of-marine-life-nature-geoscience/#more-19529(%%)

Marine life face some of … carbon dioxide emissions is now.

Methane release kills all humanity

Ferguson 12 Michael, “Global Warming:  An Impending Catastrophe?,” August, http:~/~/michaelfergusonforallevents.blogspot.com/2012/08/html(%%)

I came across a news … Siberia is of grave concern. 

Sea level rise causes extinction

Sato 8 Rebecca, Contributing Editor at DailyGalaxy.com, former Head Writer at Freedom FastTrack “Can Changes in Sea Level Cause Periods of Mass Extinction?—A Galaxy html(%%),” 6-19, http:~/~/www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2008/06/html(%%)

Recent research suggests that the … as a society, are not.”

Advantage 2 is Cooperation

Senkaku standoff intensifies disputes over oil-rich islands – Sino-Japanese desire for legitimacy risks easy escalation to non conventional means

**A2: Generic impact defense and nationalism overwhelms claims

BBC News, 2/7/13

“Viewpoints: How serious are China-Japan tensions?”, http:~/~/www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk/news/world-asia-21290349(%%), BJM

A row over islands in …to a non-conventional war.

Resolving sovereignty claims over the region is futile – only satiating appetites for oil prevents all-out war

Copper 9/14/12 (John F., Stanley J. Buckman Professor of International Studies at Rhodes College, author of more than 30 books on China and Taiwan. “Island Grabbing in the East China Sea.” The National Interest, September 14, 2012. http:~/~/nationalinterest.org/commentary/understanding-the-south-china-sea-conflict-7453?page=org/commentary/understanding-the-south-china-sea-conflict-7453?page=show(%%))

Northeast of Taiwan, east of … the resources under the waves.

Their takeouts wont account for China’s new strategy of securing oil in surrounding seas –makes military conflict and US draw-in highly probable

Haddick 8/3/12 (Robert, contractor at US Special Operations Command, Managing Editor of Small Wars Journal. “Salami Slicing in the South China Sea.” Foreign Policy, August 3, 2012. http:~/~/www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/03/salami_slicing_in_the_south_china_sea?page=com/articles/2012/08/03/salami_slicing_in_the_south_china_sea?page=full(%%).)

 The Pentagon recently commissioned recommendations … a sharp salami-slicer.

Competitive modernization and the lack of arms control regimes enable further escalation

Ball 11 – Professor of Strategic Studies @ Australian National University Dr. Desmond Ball, “Asia’s Naval Arms Race: Myth or Reality?,” Paper prepared for the 25th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 29 May-1 June 2011., pg. www.isis.org.my/files/25APR/paper_cs_2_desmond_ball.pdf

The prospects

Asia has now … the possibilities for calamity are high.

These island disputes are the most likely scenario for US-China nuclear war

Fisher 11 – Associate editor at The Atlantic, where he edits the International channel Max Fisher, “5 Most Likely Ways the U.S. and China Could Spark Accidental Nuclear War,” The Atlantic, Oct 31 2011, 1:49 PM ET, pg. http://tinyurl.com/6nh9yjm

Neither the U.S. nor China …U.S. and China can lay now.

Escalates to great power war – risking extinction

Wittner 11 - Professor of History @ State University of New York-Albany. Lawrence S. Wittner, “Is a Nuclear War with China Possible?,” Huntington News, Monday, November 28, 2011 - 18:37 pg. http://www.huntingtonnews.net/14446

While nuclear weapons exist, there …working to encourage these policies.

The plan fosters a cooperative relationship with China

Thompson 12 – Director of the Coal Transition Project @ Clean Air Task Force John Thompson (BS degree in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois and MBA from Washington University), “A recipe to jumpstart CCS in the US – the rewards of collaborating with China,” Interviewed by: Adam Aston | Global CCS Institute, January 11, 2012, pg. http:~/~/www.adamaston.com/?p=781url:http://www.adamaston.com/?p=781(%%)

To spur EOR, how can …and no price on carbon.

And, enhanced oil recovery provides a socio-political context for tech adoption

Wilson et al 11 – Professor of Energy and Environmental Policy and Law @ University of Minnesota Dr. Elizabeth Wilson (PhD in Engineering and Public Policy from Carnegie Mellon University), Dr. Dongjie Zhang (Professor of Thermal Engineering @ Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center, Tsinghua University), Li Zheng (Professor of Thermal Engineering @ Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Research and Education Center, Tsinghua University), “The socio-political context for deploying carbon capture and storage in China and the U.S,” Global Environmental Change 21 (2011) pg. 324–335

In spite of these challenges, … global challenge of climate change. Pg. 333-334

Additionally, EOR creates the framework for other energy security enhancing initiatives

Logan et al. 07 – Senior associate @ World Resources Institute Logan, Joanna Lewis (Senior international fellow at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change), and Michael B. Cummings (JD candidate @ Georgetown University and former Business/Solutions Fellow @ Pew Center on Global Climate Change), “For China, the shift to climate-friendly energy depends on international collaboration,” Boston Review, January/February 2007, pg. http://bostonreview.net/BR32.1/loganlewiscummings.php

All these factors combined call …a more comprehensive climate policy.

The plan spills over to other confidence building measures to de-escalate conflict

Zha and Hu 07 – Professor of International Studies @ Renmin University and Professor of Politics @ University of Hong Kong Zha Daojiong and Hu Weixing, “Promoting Energy Partnership in Beijing and Washington,” Washington Quarterly • 30:4 Autumn 2007, pp.105–115

Policy dialogues are certainly useful. … help improve the status quo.

Oil production is key – The alt is a strategic rivalry and conflict in every oil producing region in the world 

Herberg 11 - Senior Lecturer of International Relations and Pacific Studies @ University of California–San Diego Dr. Mikkal E. Herberg (Research Director on Asian energy security at the National Bureau of Asian Research), “China’s Energy Rise and the Future of U.S.-China Energy Relations,” New America Foundation, June 21, 2011 |pg.  http://newamerica.net/publications/policy/china_s_energy_rise_and_the_future_of_us_china_energy_relations

Competing Visions of Energy Security¶ …distrust of key nearby powers.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge: 

We meet—plan incentives directly target oil production.

CCJ, March 2012. Carbon Capture Journal. “U.S. Plan to Boost CO2-EOR.” http:~/~/www.carboncapturejournal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=901http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=901. JS.

NEORI, a coalition of industry, …oil over the same period.

Counter interpretation—energy production includes methods of extracting energy from natural sources—prefer our evidence from government legislation

NGER Supplementary Guidelines—September 2011. Energy Production and Consumption. Australian Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/national-greenhouse-energy-reporting/publications/supplementary-guidelines/~/media/government/initiatives/nger/publications/supplementary-guidelines/NGER-Supplementary-guidelines-Energy-production-consumption-20110830-PDF.pdf. JS.

Energy consumption and production must … and transmission (regulation 2.23(4) NGER Regulations).

We meet, CO2-EOR is energy extraction and directly produces oil.

TAGLIA 10—Staff Scientist, Clean Wisconsin. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Petroleum Resources and Low Carbon Fuel Policy in the Midwest. http:~/~/cleanwisconsin.org/proxy.php?filename=files/pdf(%%). JS.

Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery …resources in previously untouched areas.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge: 

Federal action is key

Brugato 11 – JD from Harvard Law School Thomas Brugato, “NOTE: THE PROPERTY PROBLEM: A SURVEY OF FEDERAL OPTIONS FOR FACILITATING ACQUISITION OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION REPOSITORIES” Virginia Environmental Law Journal, 2011, 29 Va. Envtl. L.J. 305

Third, at least some sequestration …optimally structured to enable CCS.

Fed key to innovative investment strategies that don’t overwhelm the states

Caperton, 7/12/12, Director of Clean Energy Investment at American Progress (Richard W., The American Energy Initiative: A Focus on the ‘No More Solyndras Act’ Testimony Submitted to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy and Power and Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations http:~/~/www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/green/report/2012/07/12/11876/the-american-energy-initiative-a-focus-on-the-no-more-solyndras-act/http://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/green/report/2012/07/12/11876/the-american-energy-initiative-a-focus-on-the-no-more-solyndras-act/

Notably, when Congress created this … that don’t exist in many states.

Fed Key Warrant – China Adv

Elizabeth Wilson, Assistant Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, et al., Dongjie Zhang and Li Zheng, 5-11, “The socio-political context for deploying carbon capture and storage¶ in China and the U.S,”  Global Environmental Change 21 (2011) 324–335, http:~/~/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/com/science/article/pii/S0959378011000136(%%)

Both Chinese and the U.S. …, and their interests are described in Table 2.

State backlogs deter investors – can’t redeem their tax credit

Moody 10 – Founder and president of James R. Moody and Associates, a governmental relations and consulting firm

James R, “The Economic Dangers Of Deferring State Tax Credits,” James R. Moody and Associates, May 2010, http://www.jamesrmoody.com/fileshare/Report%20on%20New%20York%20Tax%20Credits.pdf

State governments are experiencing the … for up to two or three years.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge: 

Immigration won’t pass – 5 warrants, Obama push will ruin everything, and it’s not at the top of the docket.

Altman 3-20-13 (Alex, “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform,” TIME, http:~/~/swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/)

The next few months offer … Each day, 1,400 undocumented immigrants are deported.

No final vote until 2014 – their evidence is misguidedly optimistic

Huffington Post 3/20 (Haley Barbour: Immigration Timeline In Congress 'Overly Optimistic', http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/20/haley-barbour-immigration-ed-rendell_n_2915917.html)

WASHINGTON -- Former Govs. Haley Barbour … will be announced within the next week.

Gun control dominates the agenda

Stirewalt 2/12/13

Chris, Fox News, “Gun Control Will Crowd Out Other Obama Policy Points”, http:~/~/www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/02/12/gun-control-will-crowd-out-other-obama-policy-points/#com/politics/2013/02/12/gun-control-will-crowd-out-other-obama-policy-points/#ixzz2L1VJ9wQ2

How much political capital … establishment press that firearms are bad.

Partisan budget battle now

Business Spectator, 3/27/13

“Obama signs bill to avert government shutdown” http:~/~/news.ninemsn.com.au/world/2013/03/27/12/20/au/world/2013/03/27/12/20/obama-signs-bill-averts-govt-shutdown, BJM

Washington is already girding … for 2014 can be agreed.

Executive action solves

Lillis 2/16/13

Mike, The Hill, “Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform”, thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform

President Obama can – and will – … to move immigration reform administratively.

No link – logical policymaker can do both

Chamber of Commerce likes the plan

Hallerman, 11/30/12

Tamar, GHG News, “CHAMBER OF COMMERCE TOUTS POTENTIAL FOR EOR”, http:~/~/ghgnews.com/index.cfm/chamber-of-commerce-touts-potential-for-eor/http://ghgnews.com/index.cfm/chamber-of-commerce-touts-potential-for-eor/, BJM

The U.S. Chamber of … future revenues from increased production.

The Chamber of Commerce is the most influential lobby – they make the plan popular

The Economist 4/21/12

“The Chamber of Secrets”, http://www.economist.com/node/21553020

He has succeeded on many … beard that made him look dodgy.

Hegemonic stability theory is academic garbage—their evidence relies on policy hubris

Fettweis, ’11 September, 2011, Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, “The Superpower as Superhero: Hubris in U.S. Foreign Policy”, http:~/~/papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902154url:http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902154

First, the hegemonic-stability …adventures, but minimally and reluctantly.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wake LM | Judge: Ryan Gibson Watts
1AC remained the same 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wake LM | Judge: 

*TOPICALITY

PRODUCTION
We meet—plan incentives directly target oil production.
CCJ, March 2012. Carbon Capture Journal. “U.S. Plan to Boost CO2-EOR.” http://www.carboncapturejournal.com/displaynews.php?NewsID=901. JS.
NEORI, a coalition of industry, state,
AND the United States about $610 billion in expenditures on imported oil over the same period.
Counter interpretation—energy production includes methods of extracting energy from natural sources—prefer our evidence from government legislation
NGER Supplementary Guidelines—September 2011. Energy Production and Consumption. Australian Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency. http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/national-greenhouse-energy-reporting/publications/supplementary-guidelines/~/media/government/initiatives/nger/publications/supplementary-guidelines/NGER-Supplementary-guidelines-Energy-production-consumption-20110830-PDF.pdf. JS.

Energy consumption and production must be reported whenever a fuel or energy commodity listed in
AND
. Production of energy: in relation to a facility, means the:
extraction or capture of energy from natural sources for final consumption by or from the operation of the facility or for use other than in the operation of the facility
manufacture of energy by the conversion of energy from one form to another form for final consumption by or from the operation of the facility, or for use other than in the operation of the facility (regulation 2.23(3) NGER Regulations). Consumption of energy: in relation to a facility, means the use or disposal of energy from the operation of the facility including own use and losses in extraction, production and transmission (regulation 2.23(4) NGER Regulations).
FINANCIAL INCENTIVE

Financial incentives include production tax credits.

Kaua’I Island Utility Cooperative. Renewable Energy Technology Assessments. Renewable Energy Financial Incentives. http://www.kiuc.coop/pdf/KIUC%20RE%20Final%20Report%206%20-%20Incentives.pdf. 

A number of financial incentives are available for the installation of renewable energy and conversion
AND
Tribal Energy Program  Miscellaneous Loan Guarantee and Grant Programs  Federal Green Power Purchasing Goal  
We meet—plan mirrors existing financial incentive programs. 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Federal Financial Incentives for Geothermal Power Project Financing.  http://www.nrel.gov/geothermal/financing/financial_incentives.html.

Federal financial incentives, such as the Production Tax Credit, Investment Tax Credit, Treasury Cash Grant, Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System, and U.S. Department of Energy Loan Guarantees, enhance the financial returns of geothermal power projects. Important elements of these geothermal projects incentives are included in the table below.

*SOLVENCY*

Solves quickly – can begin capture immediately and sequestration is currently economical
Miller et al 9 – PhD, Associate Director, Energy Institute Senior Research Associate Energy Fuels
Bruce, “Eliminating CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants,” in Generating Electricity in a Carbon-Constrained World, Google Book
Underground injection of CO2 is feasible today at an affordable price. Thus, there
AND
it is clear that these could also be decarbonized in a similar manner.
*K*

It’s try or die for the AFF—in the face of environmental collapse, we must engage in academic debate over energy policy. Action now is key and management is the only ethical solution.
Crist 4 (Eileen, Professor at Virginia Tech in the Department of Science and Technology, “Against the social construction of nature and wilderness”, Environmental Ethics 26;1, p 13-6, http://www.sts.vt.edu/faculty/crist/againstsocialconstruction.pdf)

Yet, constructivist analyses of "nature" favor remaining in the comfort zone of
AND
help create the consciousness shift and policy changes to stop this irreversible destruction. 

Given this outlook, how students in the human sciences are trained to regard scientific
AND
the world at an hour that is pressingly calling us to change it.

Technical managerialism is the key to progress—only envisioning specific technical solutions allows us to create political pressure to implement policies and create rallying points for change. Don’t accept their vague indictments of all “management” on face—history proves that effective initiatives can and do result in positive improvements.

Sachs 08 Jeffery, director the Earth Institute at Columbia University, Time Magazine 3/13/08

The 21st century will overturn many of our basic assumptions about economic life. The
AND
of competing nation-states that scramble for markets, power and resources.
The defining challenge of the 21st century will be to face the reality that humanity
AND
the most dangerous trends of climate change, species extinction and destruction of ecosystems
Stabilization of the world population at 8 billion or below by 2050, through a
AND
Our generation's great environmental challenges can be met with similar resolve and technological focus
—
—
—
. Climate change threatens our food supplies, coastlines, health and the survival of
AND
. We all cherish our children's future. And we are all mortal."

Perm Do both—Plan is key to reframing environmental epistemology. Acting with a flawed epistemology allows us to change that framework. Inaction is the only bad choice.

Graham HARRIS Adjunct Prf. @ Centre for Environment University of Tasmania ‘7 Seeking Sustainability in an age of complexity p. 9-10

1 am not going to address…..
AND
more as agents in relationships with society and less as observers. 

*PTX*

Case Outweighs:

Fill In With Explanation 

Immigration won’t pass – 5 warrants, Obama push will ruin everything, and it’s not at the top of the docket.
Altman 3-20-13 (Alex, “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform,” TIME, http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/)

The next few months offer the best chance in a generation for the two parties
AND
is high. Each day, 1,400 undocumented immigrants are deported.

No final vote until 2014 – their evidence is misguidedly optimistic
Huffington Post 3/20 (Haley Barbour: Immigration Timeline In Congress 'Overly Optimistic', http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/20/haley-barbour-immigration-ed-rendell_n_2915917.html)

WASHINGTON -- Former Govs. Haley Barbour (R) and Ed Rendell (D
AND
Secretary Michael Chertoff. Other members will be announced within the next week.

Obama’s capital backfires – he’s been asked to sit on the sidelines
Nakamura, 3/28/13
David, The Record, “Guest-worker program dispute may delay immigration bill”, http://www.northjersey.com/news/politics/national_politics/Guest-worker_program_dispute_may_delay_immigration_bill.html, BJM

Administration officials say privately that the Senate group asked the White House to give the
AND
has been helped ensure that the negotiations do not become "overly politicized."

Gun control dominates the agenda
Stirewalt 2/12/13
Chris, Fox News, “Gun Control Will Crowd Out Other Obama Policy Points”, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/02/12/gun-control-will-crowd-out-other-obama-policy-points/#ixzz2L1VJ9wQ2

How much political capital is President Obama willing to spend to achieve gun control?¶
AND
policy that fits overall view in the establishment press that firearms are bad.

Executive action solves
Lillis 2/16/13
Mike, The Hill, “Dems: Obama can act unilaterally on immigration reform”, thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/administration/283583-dems-recognize-that-obama-can-act-unilaterally-on-immigration-reform

President Obama can – and will – take steps on immigration reform in the event
AND
skilled labor.¶ "Everybody's for getting the smart and the talented in, 

but there's also a labor flow issue," he said.¶ To be sure,
AND
deferred action program represents another opportunity for Obama to move immigration reform administratively.

PC only goes one way – proves winners win – not infinite
Hirsh 2/7/13
Michael, National Journal, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital”, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207

On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
AND
. Winning on one issue often changes the calculation for the next issue; 

there is never any known amount of capital. “The idea here is,
AND
.) Johnson replied, “Well, what the hell’s the presidency for?”¶ 

*STATES*

Federal action is key
Brugato 11 – JD from Harvard Law School Thomas Brugato, “NOTE: THE PROPERTY PROBLEM: A SURVEY OF FEDERAL OPTIONS FOR FACILITATING ACQUISITION OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION REPOSITORIES” Virginia Environmental Law Journal, 2011, 29 Va. Envtl. L.J. 305

Third, at least some sequestration sites are likely to cross state boundaries given the
AND
investment by ensuring that the legal framework is optimally structured to enable CCS.

Fed key to innovative investment strategies that don’t overwhelm the states
Caperton, 7/12/12, Director of Clean Energy Investment at American Progress (Richard W., The American Energy Initiative: A Focus on the ‘No More Solyndras Act’ Testimony Submitted to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy and Power and Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations http://www.americanprogressaction.org/issues/green/report/2012/07/12/11876/the-american-energy-initiative-a-focus-on-the-no-more-solyndras-act/

Notably, when Congress created this program, they recognized that it’s important for this
AND
a long history of innovative financing tools that don’t exist in many states.

Fed Key Warrant – China Adv
Elizabeth Wilson, Assistant Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, et al., Dongjie Zhang and Li Zheng, 5-11, “The socio-political context for deploying carbon capture and storage¶ in China and the U.S,”  Global Environmental Change 21 (2011) 324–335, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378011000136

Both Chinese and the U.S. actors are engaged in international networks of
AND
in passing legislation or making rules that will affect the implementation of CCS,

 some of which will be carried out by the states. In China,
AND
technology deployment are identified, and their interests are described in Table 2.

Politics
And guest worker disputes block passage – Obama sitting on the sidelines
Nakamura, 3/28/13
David, The Record, “Guest-worker program dispute may delay immigration bill”, http://www.northjersey.com/news/politics/national_politics/Guest-worker_program_dispute_may_delay_immigration_bill.html, BJM

A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening dispute
AND
help from Obama, then a U.S. senator from Illinois.

and

Won’t pass – GOP backlash over border security sinks the deal
National Journal 3/22 (Border Triggers Could Sink Immigration Deal, http://news.yahoo.com/border-triggers-could-sink-immigration-deal-074026839~-~-politics.html)

Republicans' insistence that border-security benchmarks be met before legalizing 11-12 million
AND
do that and wait for legalization. Border security is an ongoing thing.”

Obama push would also be detrimental Altman evidence is clear. Means that PC is not key there is only a risk of the link turn.

PC
Voting negative is political suicide
The Economist, 9 (“Trouble in Store”, The Economist, March 5, 2009, http://www.economist.com/node/13226661)//JK
CCS particularly appeals to politicians reluctant to limit the use of coal. Coal is
AND
, as political suicide. CCS offers a way out of this impasse.

COC Link Turn
COC has actually highlighted the plan as a fix, it’s something they want that’s Hallerman

It is the most muscular lobby in congress they make the plan popular. – That’s the economist.

That’s uniquely good because it’s business lobbies are a huge factor in preventing a deal:
Politico 3/22 (Senators hit late snag in immigration talks, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/03/immigration-deal-senate-close-89221.html)

Senators in the Gang of Eight were moving closer Friday morning to a deal on
AND
up comprehensive immigration reform for $2.50 for waiters in Florida.” 

EOR incentives overcome partisan backlash (its bipartisan)
Aston, 7/10/12
Adam, “NEORI’s promise: Pairing utilities with big oil to revitalize CCS development – Part 2 | GCCSI”, http://www.adamaston.com/?p=982, BJM

NEORI brings together key industry players from the oil and utility sectors and proposes a set of revenue-positive federal and state incentives that will help spur the construction of a first generation of carbon capture infrastructure on power plants and other industrial emitters, to feed the CO2 to the oil industry. As important, perhaps the effort has attracted bipartisan support in an era of near-paralysis on many political fronts.

Coal industry loves plan
Reisinger 9 – JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council
Will, “RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE,” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf
Princeton’s dispassionate assessment leads us to the conclusion that coal will not disappear as an
AND
states.’ That’s 50 Senators whose states depend on this economy.” 28

That’s key to the agenda
Eggen 10
Washington post staff writer, “Mining interests are heavily invested in Capitol Hill,” 4/8/10, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/07/AR2010040704707.html//SH
The mining industry, which finds itself under renewed scrutiny this week after dozens of
AND
to CRP data. All but 1 percent of that went to Democrats. 

Coal industry makes plan bipartisan
Reisinger 9 – JD, Attorney @ Ohio Environmental Council
Will, “RECONCILING KING COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE,” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, http://vjel.org/journal/pdf/VJEL10107.pdf
Princeton’s dispassionate assessment leads us to the conclusion that coal will not disappear as an
AND
states.’ That’s 50 Senators whose states depend on this economy.” 28

Railroads support the plan
AAR 12
Association of American Railroads, “Railroads and Coal,” June 2012, http://www.aar.org/~/media/aar/Background-Papers/Railroads-and-Coal.ashx//SH
In addition to reasonable EPA regulations, railroads support the development of advanced carbon capture
AND
It represents a win-win-win situation for all parties involved.  

Railroads influence agenda – regulation legislation proves
McClatchy 11
leading news source (3rd biggest in the US), " How railroads came back from the brink and got ahead," 10/31/11, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/10/31/128794/how-railroads-came-back-from-the.html//SH
Bob Szabo, a Washington lobbyist, has been pushing lawmakers to introduce more competition
AND
. "Don't cry any tears for them. They're doing quite well."