Samford » DeFoor-Sessions Neg

DeFoor-Sessions Neg

Last modified by Matt Sessions on 2012/11/10 06:51

Antipolitics

A) They embrace anti-politics—this dooms their project, creates atrocity and creates a vacuum filled by the right:
Carl Boggs, 1997 (National University, Los Angeles,
The Great Retreat: Decline of the Public Sphere in Late Twentieth-Century
America, http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/international.olde/mias/readings07/10.pdf.)
The false sense of empowerment that comes with such mesmerizing impulses is accompanied by a
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universal, collec-tive interests that had vanished from civil society.75

Anti-Politics Shell (2-4)
B) Privileging representations and the micro-political encourages anti-politics—this is especially true in the manner in which they’ve deployed it:
Carl Boggs, 1997 (National University, Los Angeles,
The Great Retreat: Decline of the Public Sphere in Late Twentieth-Century
America, http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/international.olde/mias/readings07/10.pdf.)

Postmodernism and its offshoots (poststructuralism, semiotics, differ-ence feminism, etc
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51 - a stance that replicates the logic of a profoundly depoliticized culture.

Anti-Politics Shell (3-4)
C) Moving away from anti-politics is vital to check extinction:
Jonathan Small & Meg Buckley, 2006 (former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.pdf)

What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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concrete expressions of the spirit of social justice. Similar clamor has been made
over the appropriate definitions of civic engagement and service learning, respectively. Once again, let’s not get bogged down on subtleties.
Civic engagement is a measure or degree of the interest and/or involvement an individual and a community demonstrate around community issues. There is a longstanding dispute over how to properly quantify civic engagement. Some will say that
today’s youth are less involved politically and hence demonstrate a lower degree of civic engagement. Others cite high volunteer rates among the youth and claim it demonstrates a high exhibition of civic
engagement. And there are about a hundred other theories put forward on the subject
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at the beginning stages of a project that seeks to do just that.

Speciesism

Their criticism does not challenge the preconception that human problems are those worth solving – modern philosophical discussions are necessarily human-centered.
Singer ’89, Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University and Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne [All Animals Are Equal, TOM REGAN & PETER SINGER (eds.), Animal Rights and Human Obligations, New Jersey, 1989, pp. 148-162]

Experimenting on animals, and eating their flesh, are perhaps the two major forms
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say tends to confirm the reader in his or her comfortable speciesist habits.

B. We must deny the urge to align ourselves with their human-centric politics – it is an all or nothing question.
Dell’Aversano ‘10 [Carmen, “the love whose name cannot be spoken: queering the human-animal bond” journal for critical animal studies, volume III issue 1 and 2, 2010]

A real ―oxymoronic community of difference‖, embracing not only all possible variants of
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to be different from what we are, to have moved beyond ourselves.

C. Vote neg to reject the 1ac — maintaining the human-non-human binary dooms them to endless cycles of subordination and violence- this is also the site of protest that we should focus on - Role of the ballot is who best breaks down the duality between human non humans
Best ’07, Associate Professor, Departments of Humanities and Philosophy University of Texas, El Paso [Steven, Charles Patterson, The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust New York: Lantern Books, 2002, 280 pp]

While a welcome advance over the anthropocentric conceit that only humans shape human actions,
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and stewardship, which however was Judaic moral baggage official Chistianithy left behind.

Diversity FOrums CP

Our counter advocacy is that we should engage in a discussion regarding the macro level problems of the activity to forums outside of competitive debate rounds to CEDA tournament.

() Discussion forums solve best- we should encourage community-wide forums to discuss their advocacy
Zompetti ’04 [Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State
University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”]
Interjecting the personalized into debate rounds has become highly problematic. As discussions on eDebate
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to personalizing debate, however, are, in my opinion, enormous.

Three net benefits-
Alliance splitting- personalizing debate risks splitting alliances and fracturing solutions, causing backlash and resistance:
Zompetti ’04 [Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State
University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”]
The purpose of this essay is to outline what I strongly believe is a fundamental
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of debating has emerged wrought with frustrations, anxiety, resistance and backlash.
Structural solutions- personalized debating blocks structural solutions- our counter advocacy solves better
Zompetti ’04 [Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State
University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”]
To be sure, many have embraced the idea to gain a strategic edge in competitive debate rounds as well as to be self-reflexive of their own participation in an activity that probably does need restructuring. However, the central problem of this new phenomenon – the personalizing of debating – is twofold: it victimizes debate, and it ignores deeper, perhaps more important structural problems within the debate community.
Diversity Forums Shell 1NC (2-2)
Debate rounds are bad forums- lack of time, moving advocacy target, and they deflect from community-wide discussions- turns the case
Zompetti ’04 [Joe, Assistant Professor, School of Communication, Illinois State
University, “Contemporary Argumentation and Debate”]

The second major problem with this turn in contemporary policy debate is its deflection,
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how personalized debating prevents examination of more important factors such as resource disparity.

Elections

A) Multiple sets of economic data makes Obama a slight favorite to win the election, but Romney’s can still win:
NATE SILVER, 10/5/2012 (chief pollster for the New York Times, “Jobs News Makes Obama’s Case Easier,” http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/05/jobs-news-makes-obamas-case-easier/, Accessed 10/5/2012, rwg)
The drop in unemployment alone is no guarantee of re-election — there was
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Mr. Obama should be happy if the discussion turns toward the economy.

B. Small Modular Reactors are opposed by the public:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 2011 (International Trade Administration, “The Commercial Outlook for¶ U.S. Small Modular Nuclear¶ Reactors,” Feb. 2011, http://trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf, Accessed 10/2/2012, rwg)
One additional obstacle is beyond the scope of¶ this report but could play a
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of SMRs and nuclear reactors in general¶ could also ameliorate this concern.

C. Romney would declare China a currency manipulator on day 1—this would lead to a trade war with China:
Howard LaFranchi, 9/1/2012 (Staff writer, “Obama vs. Romney 101: 4 ways they differ on China,” http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2012/0901/Obama-vs.-Romney-101-4-ways-they-differ-on-China/China-as-currency-manipulator, Accessed 9/9/2012, rwg)
Mr. Romney says China’s leaders are “cheaters” who keep their currency artificially
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the dollar since 2005, helping to raise Chinese labor and manufacturing costs.
D) Currency label collapses trade, the global economy, and triggers a US-China hot war:
Droke 10 (Clif, Editor – Momentum Strategies Report, “America and the Next Major War’, Green Faucet, 3-29, http://www.greenfaucet.com/technical-analysis/america-and-the-next-major-war/79314)
In the current phase of relative peace and stability we now enjoy, many are
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hurt will surely retaliate and the entire world will suffer," writes Barker.

Oil DA

A) Russia’s economy will grow now—but needs high oil prices to balance the books:
Lidia Kelly, 10/2/2012 (staff writer, “Russian economy to keep up 4 pct growth pace: Putin,”http:uk.reuters.com/article/2012/10/02/uk-russia-economy-putin-idUKBRE8910HM20121002, Accessed 10/3/2012, rwg)
(Reuters) - Russia's economy should sustain its current 4 percent growth rate over
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percent, and a conservative 2.7-3.3 percent.
B. () There is a substitution effect between nuclear and oil prices-
Lee and Chiu 10
(Chien-Chiang, Yi-Bun – University Kaohsiung Taiwan;“Oilprices, nuclear energy consumption, and economic growth: New evidence using a heterogeneous panel analysis”; Energy Policy Volume 39, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 2111–2120) BHB
This paper applies panel data analysis to examine the short-run dynamics and long
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no causality between nuclear energy consumption and economic growth in the short run.
C. () Oil is key to Russia’s economic success
Dutram, 12
(Eric, 6-7-12, NASDAQ, “Why Russia ETF Are Not A Debt Crisis Safe Haven – ETF News and Commentary,” http://community.nasdaq.com/News/2012-06/why-russia-etfs-are-not-a-debt-crisis-safe-haven-etf-news-and-commentary.aspx?storyid=146843, 7-4-12, GHK)
Russia is practically tied with Saudi Arabia in terms of oil production and is also
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Russia over the past six months and especially in the past six weeks.

D. Collapse in Russia’s economy causes nuclear prolif & nuclear war:
Patrick F. Speice, 2006 (staff, William and Mary Law Review, February 1, 2006. Online. Lexis. Accessed January 27, 2008).
Moreover, the end of the Cold War eliminated the rationale for maintaining a large
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draw in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.

States CP

The 50 states and all relevant U.S. territories should substantially increase production cost incentives for and reduce restrictions on small modular nuclear power in the United States
States solve energy policy – bottom up approach works best
Lutsey and Sperling 2008(Nicholas and Daniel; Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, Energy Policy 36)

On the other hand, several researchers have underscored the growing importance of lower-
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the commitment, the more likely it is that actual change will occur.
The counterplan sends an international model of federalism:
Sovacool ’08 (Benjamin K., Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, 27 Stan. Envtl. L. J. 397 2008, TGA)

Third, other countries continue to model American-style federalism. Germany, the
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scale becomes even more important for the signal it sends to the world.

Federalism solves war worldwide
Calabresi ’95 (Steven G., Assistant Prof – Northwestern U., Michigan Law Review, Lexis)

Small state federalism is a big part of what keeps the peace in countries like
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absorb more completely the attention of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Heidegger

Energy policy is embedded in a mode of technological thinking which reduces nature to a ‘standing reserve’ of resources always at hand for human consumption. This perspective ignores the intrinsic meaning of nature and instead replaces it with the desire for unlimited control and domination of the natural world.
Xuanmeng 3( Yu, “Heidegger on Technology, Alienation and Destiny,” The Humanization of Technology and Chinese Culture Chinese Philosophical Studies, XI, Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change, Series II, Asia, Vol 11, http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-11/contents.htm)
First, "The revealing that rules in modern technology is a challenging (Herausfordern
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way has its own standing, namely standing in reserve (Bestand)."11
Standing in reserve is a different kind of being from that of object. Where
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, but even nature changes and is no longer an object as previously.
For example, to build a hydropower station on the Rhine River is much different
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12 "the object disappears into the objectlessness of standing in reserve."13
On the one hand, everything in the context of the interlocking of modern technology
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with "what modern technology is," but with a process or phenomenon.

The alternative is to refuse the affirmative. Frantic activity in the name of fixing the world is the end result of a system of thinking which precludes any real change. By refusing to engage in technological thought and embracing the paradox of seemingly ‘doing nothing’ we prepare a new understanding of action.
McWhorter 92(Ladelle, Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies Department of Philosophy University of Richmond, “Guilt as Management Technology: A Call to Heideggerian Reflection,” Heidegger and the Earth, 1-9)
Our usual response to such prophecies of doom is to ignore them or, when
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that power and the deflection of thinking into new paths and new possibilities.
Heidegger frustrates us. At a time when the stakes are so very high and
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of the power configurations of current thinking that must be allowed to dissipate.

1NC v. MO ST Rd. 1 Wake

1NC
A) Negative Interpretation: “Substantially” means at least twenty percent
Words & Phrases, 67, 758. “‘Substantial’ number of tenants engaged in production of goods for commerce means that at least 20 per cent of the building be occupied by tenants so engaged. Ullo vs. Smith, D.C.N.Y., 62 F. Supp. 757, 760.”
B.) Substantially must be measured in comparison to the entirety of the surrounding circumstances:
Words & Phrases, 67, 759.
“‘Substantial’ is a relative term, the meaning of which is to be gauged by all the circumstances surrounding the transaction, in reference to which the expression
has been used. It imports a considerable amount or value in opposition to that which is inconsequential or small.”
Violation— Plan doesn’t increase the amount of funding for SMR by 20 percent
C.) Standards:
1) Limits: Their interpretation allows dozens of tiny AFF’s.
2) Ground: No way to be prepared to debate tiny AFF’s—a billion dollars provides us with fair ground.
3) Allows them to spike out of links by saying they spend less than the status quo.
D.) Voting Issue: Fairness, Education, Ground.
1NC
Deal will happen on the fiscal cliff nowBoehner and Reid willing to compromise:
JONATHAN WEISMAN, 11/7/2012 (staff writer, “Notes of Bipartisanship as Parties Seek Way Ahead After Bitter Campaign,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/us/politics/back-to-bargaining-table-with-fiscal-cliff-dead-ahead.html?pagewanted=all, Accessed 11/7/2012, rwg)
Mr. Boehner’s gesture was the most explicit offer he has made to avert the
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and chipped away at the still-large Republican majority in the House.
New energy policy decisions cause backlash against Obama
Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, 1/9/12, Obama Plays Safe on Energy Policy, Lexis
With less than a year to go until he faces re-election, US
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repeat this success in other energy policy areas ( PIW Feb.23'09 ).

The costs of new nuclear reactors will be uniquely controversial:
ORC International, 12

Professional Polling Source for CNN, founding member of the Council of American Survey Research Organizations, http://www.civilsocietyinstitute.org/media/pdfs/042512%20CSI%20clean%20energy%20politics%20survey%20report%20FINAL2.pdf
A majority of Americans (80%) do not think utilities should charge the ratepayers for construction work on new nuclear reactors and other similar plants before they have started generating energy. Eighteen percent believe the utility should be allowed to do this.

Presidential leadership is key to a compromise – the alternative is the collapse of hegemony, a double-dip recession, and war in the Middle East
Hutchison, U.S. Senator from the great state of Texas, 9/21/2012
(Kay Bailey, “A Looming Threat to National Security,” States News Service, Lexis)
Despite warnings of the dire consequences, America is teetering at the edge of a
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the harsh tax increases that could stall economic growth and punish working families.

Middle East war goes nuclear
James A. Russell, 2009 Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘9 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf
Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)
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the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.

1NC

A. New reforms will help Russia’s economy grow now-but high oil prices are key to keep the economy afloat
Reuters 11/9/12 “Russia fiscal tightening will hit growth” http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/11/09/russia-economy-idUKL5E8M9B2J20121109
The Russian Economy ….. 3 percent a year," Klepach said. "In essence it's a matter of stagnation after 2020."The Economy Ministry, which typically advocates an active role for the government in stimulating investment, is often critical of the Finance Ministry's fiscal conservatism. Klepach has also recently criticised the central bank, blaming its decision to raise interest rates in September for causing an economic slowdown. President Vladimir Putin has broadly backed the tough fiscal rules drawn up by the Finance Ministry, but he has also called for more state investments in health and education, raising questions about Russia's ability to meet the conflicting goals of fiscal stability and higher spending. (Reporting by Darya Korsunskaya; writing by Jason Bush; editing by Douglas Busvine and Keiron Henderson)
B) Japan proves: move to nuclear decreases reliance on oil
Emergency Response Management Consulting, 5/9/2011 (“Why Japan Won’t Abandon Their Dependence on Nuclear Power,” http://ermcglobal.com/2011/05/why-japan-wont-abandon-their-dependence-on-nuclear-power/, rwg)
Japan won’t abandon nuclear power any time soon—because they can’t. Not even
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have the highest seismic safety ratings of any buildings in any cities anywhere.

C. Collapse in Russia’s economy causes nuclear prolif & nuclear war:
Patrick F. Speice, 2006 (staff, William and Mary Law Review, February 1, 2006. Online. Lexis. Accessed January 27, 2008).
Moreover, the end of the Cold War eliminated the rationale for maintaining a large
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draw in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.
1NC
Text: The United States Federal Government should install Micro Grids on all military bases in the United States
The United States should eliminate all subsides/funding for SMRs
Microgrids using solar and diesel solve grid reliance
Kwartin et. al 12 (Vice president of ICF International, consulting firm that
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of Defense Installations in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts”, January, Pdf)
For the purpose of this discussion, it is assumed that a military installation already
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fuel stored on base and to meet a portion of the peak demand.

Bubble DA—high costs mean no large-scale commercialization, which takes out every aff advantage—and more subsidies boost cost overruns by increasing reactor complexity and scale—that makes the industry unsustainable
Cooper, senior research fellow for economic analysis – Institute for Energy and the Environment @ Vermont Law School, PhD – Yale University, ‘10
(Mark, “POLICY CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR CONSTRUCTION: COST ESCALATION AND CROWDING OUT ALTERNATIVES,” September)

A decade and half after the start of the commercial deployment of nuclear reactors in
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the industry hoped would flow from learning processes had not come to pass.
By the end of the 1960s, there was considerable evidence that the 1964-
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a powerful tool for lowering the cost of electricity from nuclear power plants…
Costs normally stabilize and often begin to decline fairly soon after a product‘s
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more important, cost estimates did not become more accurate with time.23
Writing over three decades later, Grubler concludes that this analysis applies equally to the
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-a kind costs.24 The cycle of cost escalation is repeated.
The French nuclear case has also demonstrated the limits of the learning paradigm: the
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is also quite variable, defying approximations by simple learning-curve models…
In symmetry to the often evoked "learning-by-doing" phenomenon, there appears not only to be ―forgetting by not doing‖ (Rosegger, 1991) but also “forgetting by doing,” suggesting that technology learning possibilities are not only structured by the actors and institutional settings involved, but are also fundamental characteristics of technologies themselves.
In the case of nuclear, a theoretical framework explaining this negative learning was discussed
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negative learning" in the terminology of learning/experience curve models.25
An analysis of the historical experience identifies specific characteristics of nuclear reactor construction that cause
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. The U.S. experience was described as follows in 1978:
After more than a decade of experience with large light water nuclear power plants, important engineering and design changes were still being made. This is contrary to experience with other complex industrial products…
For 15 years many of those most closely identified with reactor commercialization have stubbornly refused
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disappointingly slight resemblance to those associated with 100 to 200 MW plants.27
The French had the same experience, as suggested by Grubler:
First, while the nuclear industry is often quick to point at public opposition and
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option has failed invariably due to the corresponding increases in technological complexity.28
Another aspect of the negative learning process entails excess capacity. The hope that learning and scale economies will bring costs down requires the industry to commit to large runs of large reactor construction, but the size of the projects and their cost leads to problems and threats of excess capacity. The solution to the rising cost of units creates a new systemic problem of excess capacity.

Accidents DA—subsidies cause fast and risky nuclear construction without safety upgrades—causes meltdowns that destroy the industry
Koplow, United Nations Environment Programme's Working Group on Economic Instruments, MBA – Harvard, and Vancko, project manager – nuclear/climate @ UCS, ‘11
(Doug and Ellen, “Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable without Subsidies,” Union of Concerned Scientists, February)

Because operating costs account for a much smaller share of levelized costs than do capital costs, they are often ignored. The logic here is somewhat circular: operating costs are low in part because of government subsidies. Most promi¬nently, these subsidies shift the long-term, though uncertain, risks of accidents and nuclear waste management away from plant owners. In unsub¬sidized industries, these risks would affect current operations through elevated annual insurance costs and high waste management fees.
Nuclear power has two additional attributes that make it unattractive to investors. First,
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-lived wastes are not only risky but also require oversight for centuries.
Second, a single negative event can wipe out decades of gains. Although the
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financial assurance mechanisms or insurance-related price signals to address the challenge).
Unlike car accidents, where one event generally has no impact on the perceived risk to unrelated drivers or auto companies, risks in the nuclear sector are systemic. An accident anywhere in the world will cause politicians and plant neighbors everywhere to reassess the risks they face and ques¬tion whether the oversight and financial assurance are sufficient. Generally, the cost implications of such inquiries will be negative for reactor owners.
All of these factors, in combination with a poor track record of financial performance
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guide energy investment toward technologies that have more predictable and lower risk profiles.

Extinction
Wasserman, 1 (Harvey, Senior Editor – Free Press, “America's Terrorist Nuclear Threat to Itself”, October, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2001/10/00_wasserman_nuclear-threat.htm)

Without continous monitoring and guaranteed water flow, the thousands of tons of radioactive rods
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core of our life and of all future generations must be shut down.

Markets Adv
Nuke Leadership doesn’t solve-

Rare metals make nuclear unsustainable, damages the environment, and causes market resource competition – uniquely triggered by mass-manufacturing
Lisa Zyga, 5-11-2011, “Why nuclear power will never supply the world’s energy needs,” PhysOrg, http://phys.org/news/2011-05-nuclear-power-world-energy.html
The nuclear containment vessel is made of a variety of exotic rare metals that control
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reactors, even though commercial fusion is still likely a long way off.
2. Costs – assumes modularity and stacking
Makhijani and Boyd ’10 (Arjun Makhijani and Michele Boyd, Arjun Makhijani is nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and Physicians for Social Responsibility, Michele Boyd is former director of the Safe Energy Program at Physicians for ... Staff Scientist at the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, “Small Modular Reactors No Solution for the Cost, Safety, and Waste Problems of Nuclear Power”, http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf, September 2010)
SMR proponents claim that small size will enable mass manufacture in a factory, enabling
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, but the chemical and physical properties of potassium are similar to sodium.
3. Training for new construction, technicians, and operators
Klein 12 Andrew C, Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Health Physics at Oregon State University, “Required Infrastructure for the Future of Nuclear Energy”, Federation of American Scientists, February, www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf
A few skilled technical areas related to construction of new nuclear power plants have not
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of education and training programs for recycling facility engineers, technicians and operators.

Prolif D
Plan causes massive IAEA overstretch – turns prolif
Dr. Edwin Lyman 11, Senior Scientist, Global Security Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, July 14, 2011, Testimony Before the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, “An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors,” http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/lyman-appropriations-subcom-7-14-11.pdf
The distributed deployment of small reactors would also put great strains on existing licensing and
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of SMRs around the world would be difficult, if feasible at all.

No impact to prolif – empirics prove that caution and disarmament win out – assumes rogue acquisition

Mueller 11
[John, professor of Political Science at Ohio State University. “'Clocking' Nuclear Weapons” International Relations and Security Network.]

For nuclear weapons to fade toward obliv¬ion, perhaps nothing needs to be done but
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prosper¬ous, peaceful and non-nuclear Switzerland could come up with one.

Terror D
al Qaeda won’t get nukes
Gertz and Lake 10 (Bill and Eli, Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/apr/14/obama-says-terrorist-nuclear-risk-is-growing/?page=1, dw:4-14-2010, da: 7-6-2011)
However, Brian Jenkins, author of the book “Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?”
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North Korea’s nuclear proliferation to Syria and instability in nuclear-armed Pakistan.
No Al-Qaeda nukes- new intelligence proves
Mueller ‘11 [John Mueller, professor of Political Science at Ohio State, August 2, 2011, “The Truth About al Qaeda,” Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68012/john-mueller/the-truth-about-al-qaeda?page=2]

As a misguided Turkish proverb holds, "If your enemy be an ant,
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fancy, super-high-tech facility to fabricate a bomb. It

is a process that requires trusting corrupted foreign collaborators and other criminals, obtaining and transporting highly guarded material, setting up a machine shop staffed with top scientists and technicians, and rolling the heavy, cumbersome, and untested finished product into position to be detonated by a skilled crew, all the while attracting no attention from outsiders.

Terrorist rhetoric generates more terrorism – 4 reasons
Kapitan and Schulte 2 (Tomis and Erich, Thomas – Prof of Philosophy @ N Illionois U, and Erich – , Journal of Political and Military Sociology Vol. 30 Iss. 1, 2002, pp. 172+, Questia) JPG
The 'terrorist' rhetoric typified in Netanyahu's book actually increases terrorism in four distinct ways.
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violence against civilians.19 Let us now examine evidence for these points.

Afghanistan Adv

Grid is resilient and sustainable
Clark, MA candidate – Intelligence Studies @ American Military University, senior analyst – Chenega Federal Systems, 4/28/’12
(Paul, “The Risk of Disruption or Destruction of Critical U.S. Infrastructure by an Offensive Cyber Attack,” American Military University)

In 2003, a simple physical breakdown occurred – trees shorted a power line and caused a
fault – that had a cascading effect and caused a power blackout across the Northeast (Lewis
2010). This singular occurrence has been used as evidence that the electrical grid is fragile and
subject to severe disruption through cyber-attack, a disruption that could cost billions of dollars,
brings business to a halt, and could even endanger lives – if compounded by other catastrophic
events (Brennan 2012). A power disruption the size of the 2003 blackout,
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.S. Senate¶ Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 2012).
DOD would be fine—critical systems are air-gapped
Weimann 4
Gabriel Weimann, senior fellow at the United States Institute of Peace and professor of communication at the University of Haifa, Israel, 2004, Cyberterrorism How Real Is the Threat?, ttp://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr119.pdf

Neither al Qaeda nor any other terrorist organization appears to have tried to stage a
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in part because they have to deal with failure on a routine basis.”
Many computer security experts do not believe that it is possible to use the Internet
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are also air-gapped, as is the FBI’s entire computer system.

DOD won’t lose oil access—any alternative is less efficient
Sarewitz, Co-Director – Consortium for Science, Policy & Outcomes, and Thernstrom, senior climate policy advisor – Clean Air Task Force, ‘12
(Daniel and Samuel, “Introduction,” in Energy Innovation at the Department of Defense: Assessing the Opportunities, March)

Even so, given adequate forward planning, DoD has little¶ reason to fear
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). Indeed, alternative fuels cannot promise performance¶ advantages of any sort.

No disruptions—multiple trends
Alic, former tech and science consultant – Office of Technology Assessment, adjunt professor – Johns Hopkins SAIS, ‘12
(John, “Defense Department Energy Innovation: Three Cases,” in Energy Innovation at the Department of Defense: Assessing the Opportunities, March)

Over 80 percent of the petroleum purchased and consumed¶ by the U.S
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World War II has been based on borders¶ nominally open to trade.

Switching energy sources doesn’t reduce the risk of supply cut-offs—it’s also vulnerable to the same price swings
Shachtman, contributing editor – Wired, editor – Danger Room, nonresident fellow – Brookings, 4/27/’12
(Noah, “Is the Pentagon Going Green, or Eco-Pretending?” http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/04/is-the-pentagon-going-green-or-eco-pretending/?utm_source=Contextly&utm_medium=RelatedLinks&utm_campaign=Previous)

Navy Secretary Ray Mabus says he’s ready to turn an entire carrier strike group an
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efficiency might do the trick better. Not sexy, but efficiency pays.

AFGHAN D
We’re winning in Afghanistan now
Gall 2-4-2011(Carlotta, New York Times, “In the Taliban’s Heartland, U.S. and Afghan Forces Dig In,” 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/05/world/asia/05afghanistan.html?pagewanted=1&ref=carlottagall, EMM)

PASHMUL, Afghanistan — If the commander of coalition forces, Gen. David H
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has not reduced the numbers” of local residents coming forward for work.

() Afghanistan instability doesn’t spillover-
Silverman 9, Ph.D. in international relations, 11-19-2009
[Jerry, as a Ford Foundation Project Specialist was involuntarily transferred from Saigon to Bangkok just days before the arrival of North Vietnamese forces in April 1975, "Sturdy Dominos," http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx?id=22512, accessed 11-19-9, ATW and MSS]
Many advocates of continuing or racheting up our presence in Afghanistan are cut from the
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now than it was in Southeast Asia more than a half century ago.

INDOPAK D
Indo-Pak war doesn’t escalate.
Gwynne Dyer 02, Ph.D. in war studies from the University of London, serves on the Board of Governors of Canada’s Royal Military College, independent journalist, May 24, 2002, Hamilton Spectator, “Nuclear war a possibility over Kashmir,” p. Lexis
For those who do not live in the subcontinent, the most important fact is
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and Pakistan would not cause grave harm to the wider world from fallout.
No Indo-Pak War – International pressures
Dhanda 11 [Suresh Dhanda, Department of Political Science, S.A.Jain College_{Haryana, India, International Affairs and Global Strategy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-574X (Paper) ISSN 2224-8951 (Online) Vol 2, 2011, “Dangers of Missile Race in South Asia: an India-Pakistan Perspective” http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/IAGS/article/view/1065/985 SS]
Fourthly, India and Pakistan will face international opprobrium if they opt to deploy nuclear
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not seem to engender the same level of concern in the international community.}

2NC rd.1 Wake

Oil DA
Block Overview
() Disad outweighs and turns the case: A) Magnitude: you should prefer a US-Russian nuclear war to any other impact—it’s the only existential risk:
Bostrom 2 (Nick, PhD Philosophy – Oxford University, “Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios”, Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html)
The unique challenge of existential risks Risks in this sixth category are a recent phenomenon
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preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century.
B) Time-Frame: Perception of the plan triggers the link immediately:
Brannon 3/29/12 (Director of Economic Policy as well as the Director of Congressional Relations for the American Action Forum http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/294768/domestic-oil-policies-do-impact-oil-prices-ike-brannon)
Oil speculation is essentially the process of betting on future prices. People who anticipate
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immediate increase in supply, which would in turn bring down prices today.

Turns Case- High oil prices trigger a move to renewable energy—this progress will grind to a halt if prices fall:
Steven Kyle, 12/16/2008 (staff writer, “For Alternative Energy's SakeKeep Oil Prices High,”
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=keep-oil-prices-high)
As oil and related energy prices soared to record highs over the past two years
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are looking at the same alternatives we had relegated to niche markets then.
() New energy sources key to stopping Middle East wars and stopping climate change:
Gary Hart, 2007 (Former United States Senator, April 24, 2007. Online. Internet. May 7, 2007. http://www.denverpost.com/opinion/ci_5741007)
Our policy of oil dependence is why we are engaged in the second Persian Gulf
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for education and health, and dramatically increase our sense of genuine security.

Uniqueness: Russian Economy Strong Now
(~~) Extend our Reuters evidence from 11/9—Russia’s economy is strong now but needs oil revenue to keep balancing the books—the plan removes Russia’s primary source of revenue.~~

Russia’s economy is strong now—but heavily dependent on oil:
Baltic Times, 9/19/2012 (“Russian trade grows as economy rebounds,” http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/31875/, Accessed 9/19/2012, rwg)
Russia’s economy will expand 3.5 percent this year, driven by retail sales
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than in the West, so growth potential is there for the future.”

Oil prices are headed upward now—prefer our evidence—it is from one of the best oil analysis teams in the business and predicts long term trends—not just a snapshot:
Market Oracle, 9/20/2012 (“You Can Drill All You Want, Oil Prices Are Still Headed Higher,” http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article36632.html, Accessed 9/20/2012, rwg)
Last week, Bernstein Research released a detailed report reflecting the position I have been
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And that's just the average price. Spikes will carry it much higher.
() High oil prices are key to continued growth in Russian economy:
Felix Goryunov, 8/14/2012 (staff writer, “Preparing Russia's economy for a leap forward,” Accessed 8/15/2012 at
http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/08/14/preparing_russias_economy_for_a_leap_forward_17359.html, rwg)
A report released on Aug. 3 by the International Monetary Fund bears the intimidating
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Russia has now become a bright spot on the gloomy world economic picture.

Links: Nuclear Power
() There is a substitution effect between nuclear and oil prices
Lee and Chiu 10
(Chien-Chiang, Yi-Bun – University Kaohsiung Taiwan;“Oilprices, nuclear energy consumption, and economic growth: New evidence using a heterogeneous panel analysis”; Energy Policy Volume 39, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 2111–2120) BHB
This paper applies panel data analysis to examine the short-run dynamics and long
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no causality between nuclear energy consumption and economic growth in the short run.

Incentives for nuclear power lowers oil prices – trades off
US Fed News 8 (5/6/08. “SKYROCKETING GAS PRICES HIGHLIGHT NEED TO USE AMERICAN RESOURCES” http://www.lexis.com/research/retrieve?_m=08d0fc06b2da1455085f3578e4de428d&docnum=6&_fmtstr=FULL&_startdoc=1&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkAl&_md5=f4756b7493583c302d5375ed8a4b39a8)
Despite promises of a "commonsense plan" to lower gas prices, the Democrats
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and provide tax incentives to encourage the construction of new nuclear power plants.
() The plan will be perceived and causes massive ripples in the oil market.
Paul Roberts, 2004. Journalist. The End of Oil, p. 95, accessed via google books.
Within the oil world, no decision of any significance is made without reference to
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“the market makes up its mind whether to be bearish or bullish.”

Impacts: Nuke War
() Russian Econ collapse risks accidental nuclear launch and a host of other impacts:
Oliker and Paley 2002, Olga Oliker and Tanya Charlick-Paley, RAND Corporation Project Air Force, “Assessing Russia’s Decline,” www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1442/

Continuing trends toward military, political, economic, and social decline in Russia threaten
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called upon for transportation and perhaps military missions in a very demanding environment.

A) Russian economic prosperity key to checking nuclear security and proliferation
Bukharin 3
(Oleg, August, he is affiliated with Princeton University and received his Ph.D. in physics from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology “The Future of Russia: The Nuclear Factor”, http://www.princeton.edu/~lisd/publications/wp_russiaseries_bukharin.pdf, CL)
There are presently no definite answers about the future of the nuclear security agenda in
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western countries are also essential to reducing nuclear dangers and preventing catastrophic terrorism.

Microgrids

CONDITIONALITY IS GOOD- FIRST OUR OFFENSE

KEY TO EDUCATION
a. ONLY CONDITIONALITY ALLOWS SIMULTANEOUS CRITICAL AND POLICY EVALUATION OF THE PLAN WHICH IS GOOD TO FULLY TEST ACADEMIC PRESENTATION.
b. TIME PRESSURE GOOD- FORCES THE 2AC TO MAKE INTELLIGENT STRATEGIC CHOICES.
c. BEST POLICY OPTION- PINNING DOWN THE NEGATIVE IN THE 1NC FORECLOSES OUR ABILITY TO FULLY TEST THE 1AC.
2. KEY TO FAIRNESS
a. COUNTERPLAN GROUND- UNCONDITIONALITY IS THE ONLY OTHER ALTERNATIVE WHICH SCEWS THE NEGATIVE SINCE THE AFF CAN RUN 8 MINUTES OF PERMS AND STRAIGHT TURNS.
b. NEGATIVE STRATEGY- WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO COUNTERPLAN OUT OF 2AC ADD-ONS IN THE 2NC SINCE THEY WEREN’T CALCULATED FOR IN OUR 1NC STRATEGY.
c. ERR NEGATIVE- INFINITE PREP, AFFIRMATIVE WINS 60% OF ROUNDS, AND FIRST/LAST SPEECH PROVE IT IS HARD TO BE NEGATIVE.
d. CONDITIONAL PERMUTATIONS CHECK ABUSE- THEY GIVE THE AFF MULTIPLE CONDITIONAL WORLDS, THIS OUTWEIGHS NEGATIVE CONDITIONALITY SINCE THEY GET FINAL CHOICE OF COLLAPSE-DOWN IN THE 2AR AND THE PLAN IS THE FOCUS OF THE DEBATE.

NOW OUR DEFENSE

MULTIPLE WORLDS ARE FAIR
a. 1AC CHECKS THE STATUS QUO- REBUTTALS CAN MAKE UP FOR 2AC UNDERCOVERAGE WITH 1AC CROSS-APPLICATIONS.
b. TIME SKEW IS ARBITRARY- 14 DISADS WOULD SPREAD THE 2AC ALSO- IT ISN’T A UNIQUE REASON TO VOTE AGAINST US.
c. ITS RECIPROCAL- TAKES US AS MUCH TIME AND STRATEGIC DIVERSION TO GO FOR MULTIPLE WORLDS AS IT TAKES THE AFF TO ANSWER THEM.
2. ALL ARGUMENTS ARE CONDITIONAL- THE 1AR DOESN’T GO FOR ALL 2AC ARGUMENTS, AND TIME CONSTRAINTS PREVENT EXTENSION OF EVERY ARGUMENT.
3. COUNTER INTERPRETATION- THE NEGATIVE GETS ONLY 1 CONDITIONAL COUNTERPLAN- THIS CHECKS INFINITE REGRESSION.
4. REASONABILITY CHECKS- EVEN IF WE LOSE OFFENSIVE VOTERS THEY SHOULD HAVE TO PROVE THAT CONDITIONALITY IS SUBSTANTIALLY WORSE FOR DEBATE THAN UNCONDITIONALITY.
5. REJECT THE ARGUMENT NOT THE TEAM- WE’VE INVESTED TIME ON THE THEORY DEBATE TOO; THE PUNISHMENT SHOULD FIT THE CRIME.

2nc ov

Prefer all our evidence—poor administration of subsidies makes cost overruns and accidents more likely and prevent long term growth
Koplow, United Nations Environment Programme's Working Group on Economic Instruments, MBA – Harvard, and Vancko, project manager – nuclear/climate @ UCS, ‘11
(Doug and Ellen, “Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable without Subsidies,” Union of Concerned Scientists, February)

4.1.1.2. Problematic Incentive Structure Increases Risk of Loss, Size of Subsidy
The Title XVII Loan Guarantees place the fed¬eral taxpayer as guarantor of approved projects.
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for the general energy segment are too optimistic for nuclear-related lending.
Underestimating default risks. The current DOE program requires that borrowers, other spon¬sors,
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borrowers will spin projects as positively as they can to get the money.
Table 6 illustrates the challenges of coming up with reliable risk premiums, with a
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of them—diversified not only across countries but many sectors as well.
Although both the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and the CBO have concluded that
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the Loan Guarantees. That’s not a subsidy” (Myers 2007).28
If there were no clear financial benefit to the program, the industry would not
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cost technology to a relatively low-cost option” (Kaplan 2008).
Nonetheless, the NEI used this “no subsidy” argument to push for excluding the Loan Guarantee program from FCRA oversight, a move that “would have given DOE essentially unlimited Loan Guarantee authority under EPACT” (Holt 2009: 7). Although prior efforts to bypass FCRA did not succeed, the nuclear industry continues to pursue this objective through federal energy and climate legislation.
Poor alignment between loan agents and program success. Many entrepreneurial finance models use co
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the Fannie Mae mortgage program, an initiative with much smaller deal sizes.
Systemic risks in nuclear defaults magnify loss risks. The OMB’s (2008) credit
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debt and allowing the old managers to stay in place is particularly appealing.

That turns the case—cost increases destroy the industry’s competitiveness and stifle long-term growth
Cooper, senior research fellow for economic analysis – Institute for Energy and the Environment @ Vermont Law School, PhD – Yale University, ‘10
(Mark, “POLICY CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR CONSTRUCTION: COST ESCALATION AND CROWDING OUT ALTERNATIVES,” September)

Looking back on the history of the construction costs of nuclear reactors that were actually
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, Public Utility Fortnightly article that gushed about the benefits of nuclear reactors.
The enormous benefits of nuclear power were reflected in an early 1975 Public Utilities Fortnightly
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saved ―the equivalent of more than 247 million barrels of oil.‖73
The skepticism expressed early on by Bupp and Derian was ratified by in a dramatic 1985 cover story in Forbes magazine.
The failure of the U.S. nuclear power program ranks as the largest
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the program and for the private enterprise system that made it possible.74
What happened in that decade to so dramatically change the perception of nuclear reactors?
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full implications of the evolving cost trend and declare it a ―fiasco.‖
Indeed, one thing that had happened by 1985 was that the tendency of nuclear
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‘s 1981 projections of costs as an early analyst‘s projections.
Exhibit V-2 makes two things clear. First, cost escalation in the
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extremely expensive today and is likely to become even more expensive over time.
Solvency
Microgrids solve DOD vulnerability
Pike Research, market research and consulting firm that provides in-depth analysis of global clean technology markets, 9/16/’11
(http://www.pikeresearch.com/newsroom/military-microgrid-capacity-to-experience-more-than-700-growth-by-2017)

Military Microgrid Capacity to Experience More than 700% Growth by 2017
September 16, 2011
The United States Department of Defense (DOD) is the single largest consumer of
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is happening on the larger utility grid or in the theater of war.
According to a new report from Pike Research, the capacity of military microgrids will grow at a rate of 739% between 2011 and 2017, increasing from 38 megawatts (MW) to 316 MW during that period, under a baseline forecast scenario. The cleantech market intelligence firm expects that, under a more aggressive adoption scenario, stationary and mobile military microgrid capacity could reach as high as 817 MW during the same timeframe.
“The military’s primary concern is disruption of service from utility transmission and distribution lines
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secure power may well be through microgrid technology it can own and control.”
Asmus adds that, as awareness about the electrical grid’s vulnerability to terrorist attacks has
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companies including Lockheed Martin, GE, Honeywell, Boeing, and Eaton.

2nc bubble n/b—SMR

Government subsidies make the SMR industry unsustainable
Spencer, research fellow in nuclear energy – Heritage Foundation, and Loris, research associate for energy – Heritage, 2/2/’11
(Jack and Nicolas, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/02/a-big-future-for-small-nuclear-reactors)

Small modular reactors (SMRs) have garnered significant attention in recent years, with
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the current regulatory bias in favor of large light water reactors (LWRs).
The result is a young, robust, innovative, and growing SMR industry.
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to new reactor certification and to develop a sustainable nuclear waste management strategy.
Why SMRs?
Small modular reactors share many of the attractive qualities of large reactors, such as providing abundant emissions-free power, while adding new features that could make them more appropriate for certain applications, such as providing power to rural communities or for dedicated industrial use. SMRs are not yet positioned to take the place of traditional large LWRs, but they represent an important growth area for the commercial nuclear industry.
Indeed, should the promise of small modular reactors be realized, the technology could transform the nuclear industry. That is because these attributes would potentially mitigate some of the financial and regulatory problems that nuclear energy has recently faced. SMRs potentially cost less (at least in up-front capital), are more mobile and multifunctional, provide competition, and can largely be produced by existing domestic infrastructure.
Lower Costs Up Front. Large reactors are very expensive to license and construct and
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sheets, an option that spreads capital outlays over time should be attractive.
Safe Installation in Diverse Locations. Some designs are small enough to produce power for
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interest in small nuclear reactor designs from islands around the world.[5]
Using a small nuclear reactor could cut electricity costs in isolated areas since there would
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reactors will likely be easier to control during times of malfunction.[7]
Multi-functionality. SMRs can be used in a variety of applications that have
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wood, agricultural residue, and dung for cooking and heating.[9]
Competition. While competition among large nuclear-reactor technologies currently exists, small reactors
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will drive innovation and ultimately lower prices for both new and existing technologies.
Domestic Production. Although the nuclear industry necessarily shrank to coincide with decreased demand,
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, engineering, and uranium enrichment capabilities—all in the United States.
If SMRs Are So Great, Where Is the Construction?
While some designs are closer to market introduction than others, the fact is that America’s regulatory and policy environment is not sufficient to support a robust expansion of existing nuclear technologies, much less new ones. New reactor designs are difficult to license efficiently, and the lack of a sustainable nuclear waste management policy causes significant risk to private investment.
Many politicians are attempting to mitigate these market challenges by offering subsidies, such as
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years and defer significant research and development costs from industry to the taxpayer.
The problem with this approach is that it ignores the larger systemic problems that create the unstable marketplace to begin with. These systemic problems generally fall into three categories:
Licensing. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is ill prepared to build the
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, which then undermines long-term progress, competition, and innovation.
Nuclear Waste Management. The lack of a sustainable nuclear waste management solution is perhaps
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could contribute greatly to an economically efficient and sustainable nuclear waste management strategy.
Government Intervention. Too many policymakers believe that Washington is equipped to guide the nuclear
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cost and risk of a more mature technology that already dominates the marketplace.
How to Fix a Broken System
At the Global Nuclear Renaissance Summit on July 24, 2008, then-NRC
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-century model for small and alternative reactor technologies by doing the following:
Reject additional Loan Guarantees. Loan Guarantee proponents argue that high up-front costs
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a single basic technology, such as large light water reactors.[13]
Avoid subsidies. Subsidies do not work if the objective is a diverse and economically
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as illustrated by the government’s inability to meet its nuclear waste disposal obligations.

Case
Prolif
Prolif is slow - Pessimistic predictions for runaway prolif are unfounded and based on Cold War paranoia
Van der Meer 11
[Sico, Research Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ and a PhD Candidate at the Erasmus University Rotterdam; his PhD project on nuclear proliferation dynamics is financially supported by the Dutch non-governmental organisation IKV Pax Christi. “Not that bad: Looking back on 65 years of nuclear non-proliferation efforts” Security and Human Rights 2011 no.1]

Since the invention and first use of nuclear weapons, predictions on the spread of
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of states with nuclear weapons-related activities has become very marginal.6

NPT solves rapid proliferation – sets strong international framework that establishes moral taboo against nuclear use
Van der Meer 11
[Sico, Research Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ and a PhD Candidate at the Erasmus University Rotterdam; his PhD project on nuclear proliferation dynamics is financially supported by the Dutch non-governmental organisation IKV Pax Christi. “Not that bad: Looking back on 65 years of nuclear non-proliferation efforts” Security and Human Rights 2011 no.1]

Although the NPT has a history of being heavily criticized, it has been very
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state, such as political, economic and possibly even military reactions.8

SMRs collapse IAEA efficacy—impact is accidents/proliferation
Edwin Lyman, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, Global Security Program Union of Concerned Scientists, 7/14/11, “An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors”

Fukushima also demonstrated how rapidly a nuclear reactor accident can progress to a ¶ core
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expect that small modular reactors will provide ¶ any relief in this regard.

Extinction
Stephen Lendman, The Peoples Voice, 3/12/11, Nuclear Meltdown in Japan, www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan

Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to
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clear and present danger as long as nuclear weapons and commercial dependency exist.

Terror
Too many obstacles to overcome – even if overcoming isn’t impossible – even generous odds ensure the chances of success are 1 in 3 billion statistically – small enough to vote on presumption
John Mueller, 2010, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies, Mershon Center, and is professor of Political Science, at Ohio State University, “Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al Qaeda,” p. 197-8
As Allison appropriately points out, it is important to consider not only the likelihood
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or even lower than, those for a thermonuclear attack from Russia.’
No nuclear terror – Terrorists cant acquire, build, or deliver a bomb
Chapman 08 Steve Chapman, reporter and editorial writer for Chicago Tribune, 2/8 2008 [RealClearPolitics, “The Implausibility of Nuclear Terrorism”]
But remember: After Sept. 11, 2001, we all thought more attacks
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right. For us to escape, only one thing has to go wrong
Afghan
DOD won’t lose oil access—any alternative is less efficient
Sarewitz, Co-Director – Consortium for Science, Policy & Outcomes, and Thernstrom, senior climate policy advisor – Clean Air Task Force, ‘12
(Daniel and Samuel, “Introduction,” in Energy Innovation at the Department of Defense: Assessing the Opportunities, March)

Even so, given adequate forward planning, DoD has little¶ reason to fear
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). Indeed, alternative fuels cannot promise performance¶ advantages of any sort.

Over 80 percent of the petroleum purchased and consumed¶ by the U.S
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World War II has been based on borders¶ nominally open to trade.

Navy Secretary Ray Mabus says he’s ready to turn an entire carrier strike group an
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efficiency might do the trick better. Not sexy, but efficiency pays.

Indo-Pak
() Multiple factors prove no indo pak war
Mutti 9— Master’s degree in International Studies with a focus on South Asia, U Washington. BA in History, Knox College. over a decade of expertise covering on South Asia geopolitics, Contributing Editor to Demockracy journal (James, 1/5, Mumbai Misperceptions: War is Not Imminent, http://demockracy.com/four-reasons-why-the-mumbai-attacks-wont-result-in-a-nuclear-war/, AG)

Fearful of imminent war, the media has indulged in frantic hand wringing about Indian
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and is using its regional influence to bring more diplomatic pressure on Pakistan.

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Created by Matt Sessions on 2012/11/09 14:26