Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States Federal Government should exempt solar energy production crowdfunding projects from Securities and Exchange Commission and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority compliance for energy production in the United States.
ADVANTAGE ONE: ENERGY POVERTY
Conventional Financing is not available for small scale solar projects
MONTGOMERY 2013 (James – Associate Editor Renewable Energy World -- , Mosaic Plans Crowdfunding for Solar Projects, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/01/mosaic-plants-crowdfunding-flag-for-solar-projects) KEN:-) 

Right now there is a very limited number of equity players, …. solar plant the transaction costs are too high."

Status Quo Energy Policy makes solar inaccessible – Accessible solar necessary to alleviate poverty
Rheannon 11(Francesca, degrees from UWM in History, American U in Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst in Counseling,  University of Connecticut in Social Work, Solar Power To The People, CSRWire Talkback, 4/26/2011 http://goo.gl/j0Te9
stroud)

Jones was making the point that the high cost of solar  … That’s a kind of trickle-up economics that benefits all.
Energy poverty is the worst kind of poverty. Solar Key to Solve  
Walsh.  2011.  Brian Walsh – Senior Science Writer TIME magazines, “The Worst Kind of Poverty: Energy Poverty,” Time Magazine, October 11, 2011. – M.E.
"Lacking access to electricity affects health, …  deserves a light.
Maintaining Status-Quo financial structures is an act of structural violence – outweighs other impacts
Abu-Jamal 1998, Mumia, a former reporter, A Quiet and Deadly Violence, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html

It has often been observed that America … be called The War on the Poor.
US Securities law is modeled globally
CAL-CAP 2007 (magazine of the California society of certified public accountants; http://www.calcpa.org/Content/24630.aspx)Ken:)
 Because there are multiple sets of … and ethics standards by 2009.
Crowdfunding distributed solar in the poorer parts of the planet is key to solving the suffering of billions of people 

GUAY 2013 (Justin -- Washington Representative for the Sierra Club, “Social Bankability” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/justin-guay/social-bankability-solar-_b_2440626.html?utm_hp_ref=tw, 1/13/13)ken

But the real opportunity for crowdfunders … like solar crowdfunders, do.

Obsession with short-time frame impacts obscures ongoing violence that doesn’t fit neatly within conventional temporal frames
Nixon 10 (Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pp 1-14)
When Lawrence Summers, … for bracketing violence routinely ignore ongoing, belated casualties.

ADVANTAGE TWO: DEMOCRATIC FINANCING
Solar Crowdfunding is critical for democratized financing and participation in electricity production

Toronto Star 2012 (12/22/12, “social finance being tapped for clean energy)ken

Banks? Venture capitalists? … this kind of investment.
A small number of profit driven elites control status quo energy – democratic financing changes this power dynamic

Hoffman and Pippert 5 Steven M. Hoffman, PhD, Professor of Political Science at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Angela High-Pippert, PhD, Director of Women's Studies at the University of St. Thomas, and serves on the ACTC Women's Studies Coordinating Committee, “Community Energy: A Social Architecture for an Alternative Energy Future”, Bulletin of Science Technology and Society 2005 25: 387

The evolution of the industrialized … cells continue to be a promising alternative¶ (Sawin, 2004).

Elite control of energy leads to violence that is the cause of the neg’s disads.
Champain 11 Phil, Director of Programs at the peacebuilding NGO International Alert, “Changing energy provision – a peacebuilding opportunity?”, January
Consider the conflict management … security for vulnerable communities.

Emancipatory finance requires reduced restrictions on Crowd-Funding
DEY and MARTI 2012  (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, “’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)
Part III The Research Project: Crowdfunding as Alternative Ordering Practice? Project Description ¶ In our research project (which is still in the funding phase) titled Spacing Ethics: Freedom in the Enactment of Heterotopian Spaces, we address three fields of problematization (Callon, 1986; Foucault, 1986): (a) the field of finance whose prevailing lending practices proved insufficient for bringing into … space of freedom.

Crowdfunding liberates the social from neoliberalism only if government regulations are kept out of the natural unfolding of events. To unpack Civil Society, Allow it to roam free without thingification.

DEY and MARTI 2012 (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, “’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)

„Civil society‟, a term which to this day has remained elusive… e. made appear as an essence). 

Neoliberal Commodification makes human extinction inevitable through the destruction of democracy and human ethics
Boaventura de Souza Santos, Professor of Sociology at the University of Coimbra, Collective Suicide?, http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php 2003

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has … a machine of horror and destruction.
Our methodological approach to the resolution vis-à-vis democratization of crowdfunding is the starting point for reimagining the social
DEY and MARTI 2012 (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, “’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)

We approach the nexus of crowdfunding and power…  will become a matter of mutual negotiation. 

Solvency
Implementation of the JOBS ACT is at a standstill – lobbyists are gumming up the works and regulator’s are overburdening crowd-funding provisions
GUPTA 2012 (Udayan, “Dodd-Frank Lobbysists Delaying JOBS act implementation”, Institutional Investor, 10/12, l/n)ken

Implementation of the JOBS Act, … the JOBS Act.

AND, S.E.C. Restrictions are too burdensome and unrepresentative of the commons – Change is needed to create an open community financing network
Cunningham ’13 (William M -- D.C.-based economist and social investing advisor, 1/15/13, http://www.sec.gov/comments/jobs-title-iii/jobstitleiii-200.htm)sam m.

In about six months, the beleaguered Securities and Exchange Commission … make this more complicated than it needs to be.

FINRA restrictions further delay by an additional year
Washington Post 2012 (11/19/12, Deadline Approaching)ken
Meanwhile, the SEC rules aren't the last remaining hurdle….  We're ready for a good long wait," Rowe said.

Our Crowdfunding exemption will result in a wave of funding for solar projects
BRADFORD 2012 (C. Steven – Prof Securities Law University Nebraska-Lincoln, “Crowdfunding and the federal securities laws”, 2012 Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 1, Columbia Business Law Review)ken
A crowdfunding exemption would undoubtedly facilitate capital formation….  could, therefore, be positive.

Delays require congressional action to move crowdfunding forward –restrictions just increase the cost of crowdfunding and prevents investment
QUINN 2012 (Daniel – consultant and author. Cnn ireport staff, 12/27/12, “The SEC is holding up Crowdfunding Platforms approved through the jobs act” http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-902680)ken:)

When The Jobs Act became law … funding businesses throughout the country.

PLAN SOLVES INEQUALITY
GUAY 2013 (Justin, “Social Bankability” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/justin-guay/social-bankability-solar-_b_2440626.html?utm_hp_ref=tw, 1/13/13)ken
If we are going to avoid the worst impacts…  leadership and not a moment too soon.

Solar allows the decentralization of power sources

Behles ’12 (Deborah, law prof and clinical attorney at Golden Gate U, "An Integrated Green Urban Electrical Grid," 36 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 671)

The energy grid structure that most … their fossil-fuel dependence to a new urban grid. 

The critical potential of the affirmative is only realized if we are not judged a-priori – failure to identify different types of crowdfunding effects make critique static and ineffective

DEY and MARTI 2012 (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, “’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)

Concluding Remarks ¶ In this paper we have …. the pursuit of a critical research agenda of the social.