Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

STATES COUNTERPLAN

Text: The 50 states and all relevant U.S. territories should create the wind energy tax credit for 7 years and re - appropriate credit funds from blade turbines to bladeless technology investment in Saphon Energy Corp .

State action gets modeled due to local innovation

Lash 7 (Jonathan, "Climate Policy in the State Laboratory: How States Influence Federal Regulation and the Implications for U.S. Policy," World Resources Institute, September, http://www.wri.org/publication/climate-policy-in-the-state-laboratory-http://www.wri.org/publication/climate-policy-in-the-state-laboratory, TGA)

America has a long and inspiring tradition of policy innovation and activism that is incubated
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wellspring from which we build the low-carbon economy of the future.

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

ELECTIONS DA

Obama win now but itll be close

Silver 9/20
("Sept. 19: A Wild Day in the Polls, but Obama Ends Up Ahead"; http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/sept-19-a-wild-day-in-the-polls-but-obama-ends-up-ahead/~~%23h~~[~])
 At about 1:30 on Wednesday afternoon, I tweeted in exasperation:
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winning the Electoral College, up from 72.9 percent on Tuesday.

Renewables are massively unpopular –Budgetary concerns

Von Schirach, International Economic Development Consultant, 12
(Paolo, International Affairs Commentator and Writer, May 11, "php/2012/05/11/grim-prospects-for-renewable-energy-in-the-us-subsidies-politically-unpopular-natural-gas-a-much-cheaper-alternative-usg-should-focus-on-rd/,"
http://schirachreport.com/index.php/2012/05/11/grim-prospects-for-renewable-energy-in-the-us-subsidies-politically-unpopular-natural-gas-a-much-cheaper-alternative-usg-should-focus-on-rd/-http://schirachreport.com/index.php/2012/05/11/grim-prospects-for-renewable-energy-in-the-us-subsidies-politically-unpopular-natural-gas-a-much-cheaper-alternative-usg-should-focus-on-rd/, d/a 7-20-12, ads)
American enthusiasm for renewable energy, not too deep php/2012/05/11/grim-prospects-for-renewable-energy-in-the-us-subsidies-politically-unpopular-natural-gas-a-much-cheaper-alternative-usg-should-focus-on-rd/with, has gone away
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whatever the consequences of burning more (cheaper) fossil fuels may be.

Approval ratings are key to the election

Cook, The National Journal Political Analyst, 11
(Charlie, October 27, "Underwater," http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027-http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027, d/a 7-20-12, ads)
The best barometer of how a president is going to fare is his approval rating
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votes and the Electoral College numbers usually come down on the same side.

Romney win causes Iran strikes – advisors and rhetoric

Berman 7/19
Ari Berman, writer for the nation, graduated from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University with a degree in journalism and political science, "Romney: Bomb, Bomb, Bomb, Bomb, Bomb Iran" The Nation, July 19, 2012, http://www.thenation.com/blog/168478/romney-bomb-bomb-bomb-bomb-bomb-iran~%23-http://www.thenation.com/blog/168478/romney-bomb-bomb-bomb-bomb-bomb-iran, accessed August 13, 2012.

Over the weekend, Jamie Fly and Bill Kristol, two high-profile neoconservatives
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peace with Iran, then Romney and his ilk want yet another war.

Attacking Iran causes full-scale war with Russia

Conway January 17, 2012 Alvin Conway Author, blogger he cites Russia’s former ambassador to NATO and the Arab Times "Iranian Crisis: escalating series of troubling events sliding world towards war" http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/iranian-crisis-escalating-series-of-troubling-events-sliding-world-towards-war/-http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/iranian-crisis-escalating-series-of-troubling-events-sliding-world-towards-war/
Russian response could lead to WWIII: Russia would regard any military intervention linked to Iran’s nuclear program as a threat to its own security, Moscow’s departing ambassador to NATO warned on Friday. "Iran is our neighbor," Dmitry Rogozin told reporters in Brussels. "And if Iran is involved in any military action, it’s a direct threat to our security." –Arab Times

That’s the only scenario for nuclear extinction

Bostrom 2 Nick Bostrom Professor, Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford University"Existential Risks" Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, No. 1 (2002). http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html-http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html
A much greater existential risk emerged with the build-up of nuclear arsenals in
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preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century.

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rutgers AH | Judge: 

SPENDING DA

Tax credits and deductions for energy production are expensive and controversial use of federal spending

Jorgenson 12 ~[Samuel W. Morris University Professor of Economics, Harvard University
Dale W., Senate Hearing Testimony, http://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Jorgenson%20Testimony.pdf

A second alternative to energy taxes is a set of energy conservation¶ standards,
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, as the Joint Tax Committee’s study of energy production incentives has shown.

Economy is on the brink of crisis – need to do something about the budget crisis.

Crutsinger 7/17/12 ~[Martin. Associated Press, "Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke says crisis looming" Jul 17, 2012 http://www.fayobserver.com/articles/2012/07/17/1191303?sac=fo.business~~].
WASHINGTON - Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke painted a dark picture of where the U
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But Bernanke noted that there is only so much the Fed can do. 

Deficit spending collapses the economy.

Roe 11 ~[Phil: congressman "Cut, cap and balance: A fight toward fiscal responsibility" The Hill May 18, 2011 http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/161973-cut-cap-and-balance-a-fight-toward-fiscal-responsibility-http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/161973-cut-cap-and-balance-a-fight-toward-fiscal-responsibility~]. 

On Monday, the United States reached the legal limit of its borrowing authority
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spree, our nation will face economic collapse in the long-term.  

Economic downturn will cause international conflicts that culminate in nuclear war.

Lachman and Auslin 09 ~[Desmond: fellow at AEI, Michael: scholar at AEI "The Global Economy Unravels" March 6, 2009 American Enterprise Institute http://www.aei.org/article/economics/international-economy/the-global-economy-unravels/-http://www.aei.org/article/economics/international-economy/the-global-economy-unravels/~] 

What do these trends mean in the short and medium term? The Great
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be a series of small explosions that coalesce into a big bang.’’

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Ecofem K

Energy use and nuclear waste disproportionately effects native populations – it is incumbent upon ecofeminists to analyze these issues
Smith 97 [Andy– Ecofeminism through an Anticolonial Framework; Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature; Edited by Karen J. Warren; 1997; p 22-4]
With colonization begins the domination of women and the domination of nature. As Allen
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packaged on Indian land; it will eventually effect all of the land.  
We must change this rationalist culture of commodification that devalues nature and alternative ways of knowing to stop ecological and ethical failures that threaten extinction.
Plumwood 2 [Val: Australian Research Council Fellow at University of Sydney – 2002 Environmental Culture: The ecological crisis of reason [Routledge nb] p. 4-5]
The ecological crisis requires from us a new kind of culture because a m in
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ecolo¬gical and ethical failures. We must change this culture or face extinction.
The alternative is to engage in ecofeminist politics. — Ecofeminist analysis of racist and toxic policies is key to challenging the underlying assumption because of its conciouness-raising abilities
Cuomo 98 [Chris J.; Assistant professor of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati; Feminism and ecological communities, an ethic of flourishing; 1998; Routledge, London; pg 37-38]
Ecological feminist analyses of environmental racism are crucial, as they help provide a theoretical
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politics and the acceptance of practices and policies that actually contradict our goals.

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Rutgers AH | Judge: 

ON CASE

Solvency

Wind power is intermittent and useless

HINMAN 2009 JEFFRY S. HINMAN J.D., University of Oregon School of Law "The Green Economic Recovery: Wind Energy¶ Tax Policy After Financial Crisis and the¶ American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~[Vol. 24, 35 http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/232/Hinman.pdf**
Finally, wind machines only produce electricity when the wind is¶ blowing. The
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development into storage¶ options would greatly improve the usefulness of wind energy.

The PTC is inefficient and supports concentration of wind power in the hands of the wealthy

Bolinger et al. November 2007 Ryan Wiser staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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. 77 Vol. 20 No. 9 ISSN: 1040-6190 LexisNexis
The PTC has also sometimes been criticized as being too narrowly applicable, thereby restricting
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parity in what types of entities can realistically participate in wind project ownership.

The success of wind is determined by the price of fossil fuels not tax credits

HINMAN 2009 JEFFRY S. HINMAN J.D., University of Oregon School of Law "The Green Economic Recovery: Wind Energy¶ Tax Policy After Financial Crisis and the¶ American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act" J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION ~[Vol. 24, 35 http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/232/Hinman.pdf**
Another factor that created a better atmosphere for investing in wind energy between 2004 and
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between 2007 and 2009, the nation’s¶ cumulative wind capacity doubled.

Economy

The economy is stuck in low gear – but acceleration is coming – growth trends are still positive.

Hall 7/27/12 ~[Kevin G. "U.S. economy grows at sluggish 1.5% in 2nd quarter" The Kansas City Star July 27, 2012 http://www.kansascity.com/2012/07/27/3727333/us-economy-grows-at-sluggish-15.html-http://www.kansascity.com/2012/07/27/3727333/us-economy-grows-at-sluggish-15.html~].
"What it tells us is the economy remains stuck in low gear through the first half of 2012, but there are reasons to expect a modest acceleration in the second half of the year. Among the bright spots are housing, and we would expect that if the European situation clarifies, we could see ... a return to risk taking that would help lead to firmer growth," said Chris Varvares, senior managing director for Macroeconomic Advisers, whose forecast for quarterly growth was right on target Friday. "It’s about half of what potential growth actually is in the American economy, and recoveries should be much more vigorous even after a financial crisis," Hubbard said in a statement. House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, blamed the fear of tax increases for the slowing economy. "Today’s GDP report is a troubling sign for the future of our economy, and it underscores the need to stop all of the looming tax hikes that will weaken it further," he said in a statement. Krueger stressed the growth, though he said more is needed. "Today’s report shows that the economy posted its twelfth straight quarter of positive growth," he said on a White House blog. "While the economy continues to move in the right direction, additional growth is needed to replace the jobs lost in the deep recession that began at the end of 2007."

Plan is bad for the economy – distorts markets and raises taxes

Schwartz 05 L.M. Schwartz is the Chairman of the Virginia Land Rights Coalition. "Wind Power Dollars and Sense" http://www.vlrc.org/articles/3.html**
Despite the multi-billion dollar expenditure of taxpayer funds by government and the "
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base capacity on line to reliably meet present and projected increases in demand.

Mismanagement and corruption prevent solving the economy

Schwartz 05 L.M. Schwartz is the Chairman of the Virginia Land Rights Coalition. "Wind Power Dollars and Sense" http://www.vlrc.org/articles/3.html**
The basic economic factors and taxation-subsidy policies affecting wind generation are well known and have been recognized in the United States and worldwide by opponents and proponents alike. There is little disagreement on basic economic realities. There is disagreement on the wisdom of government-mandated social engineering and economic intervention for which taxpayers and ratepayers are being forced to bear the substantial cost of waste, mismanagement and even corruption.

PTC can’t help the economy and abandons constitutional limits which are key to growth

Schwartz 05 L.M. Schwartz is the Chairman of the Virginia Land Rights Coalition. "Wind Power Dollars and Sense" http://www.vlrc.org/articles/3.html**
Is there Constitutional authority for federal tax credits, subsidies, research grants and similar
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schemes—exactly what has happened in the field of "alternative energy."
Politicians and ’renewable energy’ special-interests have in fact socialized the costs of
AND
for peanut farms, Christmas tree farms or corn (ethanol) farms.

These violations of the constitution cause massive disruptions in the economy

Schwartz 05 L.M. Schwartz is the Chairman of the Virginia Land Rights Coalition. "Wind Power Dollars and Sense" http://www.vlrc.org/articles/3.html**
But as long as Americans ignore Constitutional prohibitions against federal funding for energy production, and allow political and bureaucratic tampering in the marketplace, we will continue to suffer from shortages, price distortions, and power disruptions, and continue to pay a premium for electric power; and the Kenneth Lays and the Enrons, locally and nationally, will continue to work their magic on taxpayers and ratepayers.

Aff distorts the market by picking winners

Schwartz 05 L.M. Schwartz is the Chairman of the Virginia Land Rights Coalition. "Wind Power Dollars and Sense" http://www.vlrc.org/articles/3.html**
Advances in technology may someday allow commercial wind power to become economic on its own
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safe, clean, abundant electrical power at minimal cost for all Americans.

Bats

Not unique – PTC expiring now derails wind projects

Permanent PTC would barely affect emissions

EIA May 2007 US Energy Information Administration "Analysis of Alternative Extensions of the Existing Production Tax Credit for Wind Generator" http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/ptc/index.html**
Relative to the reference case, the expected reduction in 2030 CO2 emissions due to
AND
, only slightly below the 41 percent growth seen in the reference case.

Studies prove wind power barely decreases emissions

McMahon 5/30/2012 Jeff McMahon Forbes Contributor"Wind Power May Not Reduce Carbon Emissions As Expected: Argonne" http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2012/05/30/wind-power-may-not-reduce-carbon-emissions-argonne/**
Adding wind power to the existing electric grid may not have the effect of reducing
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These inefficiencies may cancel some of the carbon savings of the wind power.

Wind energy increases warming

Gray 2012 (Louise Gray, April 29, 2012, "Wind farms can cause climate change, finds new study," The Guardian, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/9234715/Wind-farms-can-cause-climate-change-finds-new-study.html)
Usually at night the air closer to the ground becomes colder when the sun goes
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the increasing number of operational wind turbines with time," said Prof Zhou.

Random losses in diversity wont cause collapse

Angela Caines. (Plant Biologist at the University of Maryland.) "Biodiversity and Species exteinction." 2002. http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci124/lec37.html
Redundancy": Most species are superfluous as only a few are critical to the survival
AND
can survive a library filled with numerous books, even those with numerous error  

Environmental collapse wont cause extinction

Easterbrook 2003 (Gregg Easterbrook, a senior fellow at The New Republic, July 2003 "We’re All Gonna Die%21" http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.07/doomsday.html?pg=1%26topic=%26topic_set=)
If we’re talking about doomsday - the end of human civilization - many scenarios simply
AND
he was, wrote Remembrance of Things Past while lying in bed. 

No extinction – reject this environmental alarmism

Kaleita and Forbes 2007 Amy Kaleita, assistant professor of agricultural and biosystems engineering at Iowa State University) and Gregory Forbes (research analyst at the Pacific Research Institute) 2007 "Hysteria’s History" http://www.undergroundnotes.com/graphics2/Hysteria_History.pdf
Apocalyptic stories about the irreparable, catastrophic damage that humans are doing to the natural
AND
real problem exists, solutions should be based on reality, not hysteria.

Rice yields increasing globally now

World Agricultural Outlook Board 12 "World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates" United States Department of Agriculture Jully 11, 2012 http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/latest.pdf
Global 2012/13 rice production and ending stocks are reduced from last month,
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The decrease in ending stocks is due mostly to a decline for India.

Econ decline won’t change Russia’s foreign policy or cause domestic unrest

Robert Blackwill 2009; former associate dean of the Kennedy School of Government and Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Planning; RAND, "The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution", http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf-http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf

Now on to Russia. Again, fi ve years from today.¶ Did the
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likely to be changed in any serious¶ way by the economic crisis.

Russia’s resilient – Multiple crises prove

World Bank 12 (Apr, http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/rer-27-march2012-eng.pdf)**
While the global recovery weakened, Russia’s growth remained resilient and its output ¶ returned
AND
crisis, and compared to other economies (Box 1 and Box 2).

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Army BH | Judge: 

Air Power

US air power’s unrivaled

Air Force Journal 8 ~[7/20, "Is the Air Force’s ’fighter-gap’ truth or spin?, http://www.afji.com/2008/07/3549308-http://www.afji.com/2008/07/3549308~]
But not everyone is convinced that the future is so scary it warrants spending an
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"It would appear that UAVs are an emerging model," he said.

Air power’s not key to hard power

Biddle 6 ~[Stephen D., Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and Strategic Studies Institute at the U.S. Army War College, "Allies, Airpower, and Modern Warfare The Afghan Model in Afghanistan and Iraq," International Security 30.3~]
Counterevidence  Neither the Afghan nor the Iraqi campaign thus shows positive support for the Afghan
AND
-first-century precision airpower cannot replace suitable skills on the ground.

Multiple alternative causalities

a. foreign intel gathering

Harris 7 ~[May, David A., USAF School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, "Information Operations as a Counter to US Air Dominance: A Rival’s Perspective A Monograph," http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA470650%26Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf~~]
Ensuring a competitive advantage through military power and strategy remains a critical element of the
AND
provides the data for understanding why each country chose the lessons they did.

b. Fighter jet shortages

Air Force Journal 8 ~[7/20, "Is the Air Force’s ’fighter-gap’ truth or spin?, http://www.afji.com/2008/07/3549308-http://www.afji.com/2008/07/3549308~]
Fighter gap? Or credibility gap? The Air Force swooped into a Senate hearing
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new and better means to threaten our nation, our interests and worldwide stability

Carrier based air power isn’t key to solve North Korea –

Defensive pacts with south korea guarantee force levels despite air force brass

We have air bases in SoKo and Jpn we don’t need the carriers

Their jammer evidence is specific to radio transmissions not to land lines – north korea has land line internet through china – attacks to central command will be through the internet over the land line. Only risk of a turn here because they put more US forces in range of radio spoofing attacks

No risk of tensions the drills happened already according to their evidence – and the U.S>

No North Korean adventurism or risk-taking —- deterrence solves and they know US retaliation would annihilate them

Muthiah Alagappa 9, Distinguished Senior Fellow, East-West Center PhD, International Affairs, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, 2009—- Nuclear Weapons Reinforce Security and Stability in 21st Century Asia, The following is an excerpt from The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, http://globalasia.org/pdf/issue9/Alagappa_Full_Version.doc
It has been argued that states with small or nascent nuclear arsenals might have strategic
AND
early use. Deterrence, not early use, characterizes their nuclear postures.

Deterrence solves—-neither side will initiate

O’Neil 7 – Andrew O’Neil, Senior Lecturer in the School of Political and International Studies, Flinders University, Australia, 2007, Nuclear Proliferation in Northeast Asia, p. 26-27
For some time, regional analysis have regarded the Korean peninsula as the most serious
AND
war begins. South Korea would eventually emerge victorious over North Korea.65
Yet despite the massive military buildup on the northern and southern sides of the narrow
AND
engaged in a dialogue to prevent its further isolation in Northeast Asia.66

Secure networks are not connected to anything external – there is literally no way to transfer a virus or any data.

SANS institute 2 ~[Connecting a Classified Network to the Internet. A case study; http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/casestudies/connecting-classified-network-internet-case-study_694~~]
A classified (computer) network is one that stores information that is sensitive and
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(or radiowaves /optic signals, and data traffic is stopped instantly%21 

No impact to cyber terrorism – system failures are routine, the systems are resilient and terrorists would have to attack multiple targets at once for extended periods of time to have an effect

~[Clay Wilson Specialist in Technology and National Security Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division; 4/1/2005; Computer Attack and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress; http://www.iwar.org.uk/cyberterror/resources/crs/45184.pdf~~]
However, other observers suggest that SCADA systems and the critical infrastructure are more robust
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strategic goals, or to have any noticeable effects on national security.41 

The aff isn’t enough – National IT infrastructure is an alt cause

~[Sarah Gordon Senior Research Fellow Symantec Security Response, and Richard Ford, Ph.D. Independent Consultant; Cyberterrorism?; Symantic security response; 2003; http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/cyberterrorism.pdf~~]
Aside from the role of computers in defense, we must attempt to re-
AND
held beliefs about the very nature of computer systems and of cyberterrorism itself. 

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 5 | Opponent: Rutgers RS | Judge:
Cap

Racism first obscures the K of capitalism

hooks prof of English city college 2000 bell where we stand: class matters page 5-6
Racial solidarity, particularly the solidarity of whiteness, has historically always been used to
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to face the reality: this is not a class-free society.

K is a prerequisite to meaningful discussion about race class must come 1^st

hooks prof of English city college 2000 bell where we stand: class matters page 7
Class matters. Race and gender can be used as screens to deflect attention away
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what happened to O.J. could happen to any working man.

====The affirmative is arm chair activism at its best – they demand action like radicals yet they let others do the real work for them. This interpassivity is enjoyment over the suffering of others and the rejection of ethical responsibility====
Zizek 97 ~[ŽIŽEK, INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA, 1997 ~[SLAVOJ, THE PLAGUE OF FANTASIES,P. 111-113~]
Interpassivity Against this background, one is tempted to supplement the fashionable notion of ’interactivity’
AND
Yugo-nostalgic attitude was dismissed as a proto-Fascist nationalist.’

War is a structural necessity of global capitalist integration

Mészáros 2003 ~[István, Volume 55, Issue 02 (June), Militarism and the Coming Wars,
https://monthlyreview.org/2003/06/01/militarism-and-the-coming-wars~~]
The dangers and immense suffering caused by all attempts at solving deep-seated social
AND
which brings to the fore the changing but increasingly more perilous specific historical contingencies

D-Rule—Capitalism leads to mass extermination and turns case

Zizek and Daly 4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
AND
abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

====The alternative is to vote negative to ethically endorse a system universally opposed to capitalism.====

====Capitalism is based on a system of beliefs. Breaking the fetishism of capital ethically distances us from capital and breaks the system.====
Johnston 4
Johnston, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University, 2004
Adrian, Psychoanalysis, Culture %26 Society, December v9 i3 p259 page infotrac

AND
comforting fiction ("Capitalist commodity       ism or the truth? I choose       ism").

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Case

The affirmative reifies whiteness- focusing the debate on Eurocentrism makes into a monolith, sustaining the narcissism that elevates whiteness to a spectacle- this fixation makes "whiteness" more powerful

Ahmed 04 (Sara, University of London Race and Cultural studies, "Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-Performativity of Anti-Racism," Borderlands, Vol 3 No 2, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2_2004/ahmed_declarations.htm)

3. Whiteness studies is after all deeply invested in producing anti-racist forms
AND
own whiteness, by transforming it into an object that could be loved.

There’s no impact to environmental racism and it distracts from larger more important struggles

Jeffreys 94, Sr. Fellow at the Nat’l. Center for Policy Analysis, 1994 ~[Kent, 9 St. John’s J.L. Comm. 677, Spring, l/n~]
Regardless of whether any particular case fits the definition of environmental racism, the fact
AND
from a hazardous waste site.  Environmental issues should be placed in perspective.

Their alternative is politically unworkable, nebulous, and fails

Wise 3, Counsel at stoel rives llp and lecturer at u.c.- berkeley law, 2003 ~[noel, 30 ecology l.q. 353, l/n~]

Faces thoroughly and convincingly presents the issue of environmental justice to its readers, yet
AND
It is time that the conversation regarding environmental justice takes the next step.

Even if they solved 100% of environmental injustice, they would solve 0% of racism

Jeffreys 94, Senior Fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis, 1994 ~[Kent, 9 St. John’s J.L. Comm. 677, Spring, l/n~]

~[*677~] Those who argue that environmental racism is a serious problem in America
AND
are forced to include many nonecological items within the scope of their complaint.

Utilizing politicized identities and categories such as Black or White results in endless violence – we should instead embrace a community-based politics of mere existence

Enns 7 (Diane, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy and Peace Studies, McMaster University, "Political Life Before Identity", Theory %26 Event  10:1, Project Muse, og)
That we need to extricate ourselves not only from the worldview of the perpetrator,
AND
life lived in an altered relation to politics and to other living beings.

====Communal politics based on mere existence allows us to transcend racial binaries while avoiding humanism’s flaws and juridico-political terror====
Enns 7 (Diane, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy and Peace Studies, McMaster University, "Political Life Before Identity", Theory %26 Event  10:1, Project Muse, og)
I would like to bring two notions together by way of concluding: "the
AND
or of a community unbound to a name or a celebrated past.46

Their criticism guts coalitions for environmental change

Wise 3, Counsel at stoel rives llp and lecturer at u.c.- berkeley law, 2003 ~[noel, 30 ecology l.q. 353, l/n~]

The supposition that environmentalists bear primary responsibility for environmental injustices, particularly as experienced by
AND
cause of environmental inequities, it does little to effectuate future environmental equality.

Their understanding of whiteness leaves whites with one option – insurgency and repudiation. This is bound to fail—liberal actions creates a representation of "whiteness" that faciliates rearticulating a positive, and anti-racist white racial formation.

Howard Winant Sociology @ UCSB ’97 Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html
Nevertheless, the neoliberal project does undertake a crucial task: the construction of a
AND
you don’t know how American you are" (Thompson 1995, 429).

A) Their structural racism arguments recreate the race as destiny mentality which is at the root of white supremacy—their methodology destroys the victories of the civil rights movement and precludes effective challenges to racism.

David Forsmark, owner and president of Winning Strategies, a political-consulting firm in Michigan, 2006
"White Guilt," http://frontpagemag.com/articles/Read.aspx?GUID=C7773001-62BA-4E26-9ADD-28C0D136B46A-http://frontpagemag.com/articles/Read.aspx?GUID=C7773001-62BA-4E26-9ADD-28C0D136B46A
For those who wonder how we got from fighting specific racist laws and barriers to
AND
truth that the civil rights movement had just won a great victory against." 

B) This Ensures the Continual Victimization and Strengthens Whiteness – And Much Like Black Power Movements Their Alternative Merely Triggers White Guilt Rather Than Substantive Change Within the Debate Community, Just Making Whiteness More Subversive

Robert Dunn, assistant to the president for The New Coalition for Economic and Social Change, 2007 "White Guilt and Black Power," http://www.newcoalition.org/Article.cfm?artId=20886-http://www.newcoalition.org/Article.cfm?artId=20886
Steele claims a new generation of black civil rights leaders, emerging in the late
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racist past. Leveraging white guilt is therefore a losing proposition for blacks.

The unproblematized use of race as the frame for social relations ignores the complexity of oppression

Darder Prof of Education at Claremont, %26 Torres, Prof of Public Policy and Comp Latino Studies at CSU-Long Beach, 1999 Antonia and Rodolfo, Shattering the Race Lens, from Critical Ethnicity pages 180-181
As Morrison implies, unproblematized "common sense" acceptance and use of "race
AND
of racialization) to affect exclusion in the class-room and beyond. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

K

Identity politics move away from solidarity towards a mistaken ID on ascribed identities, which prevents communicative engagements with others.

Dean 97 ~Jodi (The Reflective Solidarity of Democratic Feminism); "Feminism and the New Democracy, Resiting the political"; 1997; SAGE publications Inc; Great Britain; pg 245-246~
I argue that the problems of essentialism and exclusion pointed out in the critique of
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the process of working together on shared political concerns (Durkheim, 1972).

Coalitions that are formed solely as the means to an instrumental end are only short term and they destroy solidarity

Dean 97 ~Jodi (The Reflective Solidarity of Democratic Feminism); "Feminism and the New Democracy, Resiting the political"; 1997; SAGE publications Inc; Great Britain; pg 249~
Despite the ways in which coalition and affinity may bring us together around common goals
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any effort toward achieving a more broad-based and lasting feminist solidarity.

Single issue programs like the aff can never solve – moving from one single issue to another is no way to bring about equality. Their single issue movement mindset is the result of poisoning from masculine rhetoric that seeks to break down all violence based on fantasy

Rosa and Maria 2 (Red Rosa and Black Maria, Black Rose Anarcho-Feminists, Quiet Rumors, ed Star p.12)
Why are many women sick and tired of ’movements’? Our answer is that
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only by plodding along, from single-issue to next single issue. 

The male left proposes no alternative – it is simply a question of how to come to power – and the male left can never see that this is what they are doing

von Werlhof 7 ~Claudia;  Professor of Women´s Studies at the Institute for Political Science, Department of Political Science and Sociology, University of Innsbruck, Austria;  "No Critique of Capitalism without a Critique of Patriarchy%21 Why the Left Is No Alternative"; CNS – Capitalism – Nature – Socialism, Vol 18, Nr. 1; March 2007; http://emanzipationhumanum.de/downloads/critique.pdf~~
What has to be pursued is a politics of "the self-evidence of
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implemented from above? So why does the Left not want an alternative?

Dematerialization of bodies along race, gender and anthropocentric lines relegates the feminine to the sphere of exclusion and reproduces historical violence that is done to racialized bodies.

Butler 93 ~Dr. Judith; noted for her studies on gender %26 teaches composition and rhetoric at Berkeley; 1993; ’Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex’; pp. 48-49~
There are good reasons, however, to reject the notion that the feminine monopolizes
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reason, what and who is excluded in the course of Irigaray’s analysis? 

The alternative is to re-site the political using a reflexive feminist solidarity.

Reflexive feminist solidarity resolves the issues of exclusion because we depend on mutual recognition and are always accountable for our actions.

Dean 97 ~Jodi (The Reflective Solidarity of Democratic Feminism); "Feminism and the New Democracy, Resiting the political"; 1997; SAGE publications Inc; Great Britain; pg 260-261~
I’ve offered the concept of a reflective feminist solidarity as an alternative to  identity politics
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responsibly .when we maintain a hypothetical attitude toward the expectations organized therein.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: MoState BR | Judge: 

Discourse on energy production creates a plethora of dualisms. Women and the environment are uniquely harmed by the interlocking, oppressive structures

Gaard 1 ~Greta-http://search.proquest.com/indexinglinkhandler/sng/au/Gaard,+Greta/$N?accountid=13567; Organization and Environment-http://search.proquest.com/pubidlinkhandler/sng/pubtitle/Organization+$26+Environment/$N/46791/DocView/219906524/fulltext/$B/1?accountid=13567; 14. 2; -http://search.proquest.com/indexingvolumeissuelinkhandler/46791/Organization+$26+Environment/02001Y06Y01$23Jun+2001$3b++Vol.+14+$282$29/14/2?accountid=13567Jun 2001; 157-172; Women, water, energy: An ecofeminist approach~
More than a theory about feminism and environmentalism, or women and nature, as
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justice phenomena: environmental sexism, environmental racism, and environmental classism.3

Utilitarianism reproduces the logics of domination by demanding the ranking and qualification of all life. It ignores ethical considerations and makes mutuality and interconnectedness impossible.

Plumwood 2 ~Val: Australian Research Council Fellow at University of Sydney – 2002 Environmental Culture: The ecological crisis of reason ~Routledge nb~ p. 150-151~

Singer’s Minimalism is also a political position urging minimal departure from prevailing liberal, humanistic
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a sacrificial order determined on the basis of greater approximations to the human.

Technology is used for economic means - this creates a relationship in which human always seeks to use the environment to the point of pollution and destruction. The "rational" masculine individual ignores damage to the environment because care and concern are traditionally feminine values, thus, unimportant in a masculine, competitive world.

Nhanenge 7 ~Jytte: Master of Arts at the development studies at the University of South Africa "Ecofeminism: Towards Integrating the concerns of women _{poor people and nature into development" http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/570/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1~~.}

Modem technology is the means to generate economic profit. Since the greed of the
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disgraceful in the hard, rational, masculine, competitive, individual world.

Without acknowledging the interconnection of the world, war and oppression will continue in a chain of self-perpetuating cause and effect – policy failure becomes inevitable

Bennett 5 ~Barbara "Through Ecofeminist Eyes: Le Guin’s "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" The English Journal, Vol. 94, No. 6 (Jul., 2005), pp. 63-68 JSTOR~.
Before using an ecofeminist approach to this story, it is necessary to have a
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be affirmed over "female" qualities-empathy, sensuality, emotion. 

We must change this rationalist culture of commodification that devalues nature and alternative ways of knowing to stop ecological and ethical failures that threaten extinction.

Plumwood 2 ~Val: Australian Research Council Fellow at University of Sydney – 2002 Environmental Culture: The ecological crisis of reason ~Routledge nb~ p. 4-5~
The ecological crisis requires from us a new kind of culture because a m in
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ecolo¬gical and ethical failures. We must change this culture or face extinction.

The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of using an ecofeminist politics to relate to energy production.

Ecofeminist analysis of racist and toxic policies is key to challenging the underlying assumption because of its conciouness-raising abilities

Cuomo 98 ~Chris J.; Assistant professor of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati; Feminism and ecological communities, an ethic of flourishing; 1998; Routledge, London; pg 37-38~
Ecological feminist analyses of environmental racism are crucial, as they help provide a theoretical
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politics and the acceptance of practices and policies that actually contradict our goals.

Coalitions that are formed solely as the means to an instrumental end are only short term and they destroy solidarity

Dean 97 ~Jodi (The Reflective Solidarity of Democratic Feminism); "Feminism and the New Democracy, Resiting the political"; 1997; SAGE publications Inc; Great Britain; pg 249~
Despite the ways in which coalition and affinity may bring us together around common goals
AND
any effort toward achieving a more broad-based and lasting feminist solidarity.

Our framework for the debate is focused on individual change. The debaters in this room have the ability to begin creating a societal structure in which women, men, and nature can have equal value – this is preferable to the band-aid solutions the affirmative offers

Bennett 5 ~Barbara "Through Ecofeminist Eyes: Le Guin’s "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" The English Journal, Vol. 94, No. 6 (Jul., 2005), pp. 63-68 JSTOR~.

A societal structure in which women, men, and¶ nature are equally
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conversion-person by person,¶ thought by thought, action by action.

Demands on the state aren’t neutral; State actively constructs women’s preferences

Rhode 94, Professor of Law at Stanford University,
~Deborah L., Feminism and the state, Harvard Law Review, 1181, Lexis~
A final line of feminist critique challenges liberalism’s deference to individual preferences and its insistence
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efficacy and self-esteem, that acknowledging one’s victimization typically entails. n36

And, you are not a policy-maker—pretending you are absolves of individual responsibility for violence—ensures the aff’s impacts are inevitable and is an independent reason to vote neg

Kappeler, 1995  (Susanne, The Will to Violence, p. 10-11)

We are the war’ does not mean that the responsibility for a war is shared
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in the wrong situation; because we are not where the major decisions are
made. Which is why many of those not yet entirely disillusioned with politics tend to engage in a form of mental
deputy politics, in the style of `What would I do if I were the general, the prime minister, the president, the foreign minister or the minister of defence?’ Since we seem to regard their mega spheres of action as the only worthwhile and truly effective
ones, and since our political analyses tend to dwell there first of all,
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our values’ according to the structures and the values of war and violence.
 "destining" of revealing insofar as it "pushes" us in a
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result of a collective human choice and therefore subject to human control. 12 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Increase in exports wouldn’t do anything

Cunningham ’12 (American Security Project Policy Analyst, Nicholas, Specializes in Energy and Competitiveness, June 25, 2012, "Should U.S. Export Natural Gas?" http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/should-u-s-export-natural-gas/, 7/21/12, atl)

However, there are reasons to believe that the furor, from both sides,
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it out to be, nor will it spell doom for our competitiveness.

US can’t compete with Russia- productivity, volume, price

Orlov, 12 — engineer
(Dmitry, "Shale Gas," 5-8-12, Club Orlov, cluborlov.blogspot.it/2012/05/shale-gas-view-from-russia.html, accessed 6-3-12, mss)

The official shale gas story goes something like this: recent technological breakthroughs by US
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currently standing idle. It seems that Gazprom has little to worry about.

No Russian aggression – strong demographic and structural changes

Popescu ’12 (European Council on Foreign Relations research fellow, Nicu, February 3, 2012, European Council on Foreign Relations, "Russia’s liberal-nationalist cocktail" blogs.euobserver.com/popescu/2012/02/06/russias-liberal-nationalist-cocktail/, accessed 2-11-12, atl)

One of Vladimir Putin’s recent pre-election articles dedicated to the ’national question’
AND
shout ’Stop feeding the Caucasus’ and ’Migrants today, Occupiers tomorrow’.

Your arguments are just saturated Russiaphobia

Matveeva ’08 (Guardian staff reporter, Anna, "Battling Russophobia," Guardian, 12-13-8, www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/dec/13/russia-west-media-stereotypes, 7/24/12, atl)

A Russophobia virus has infected the air. What is it? It is when
AND
and not to miss their chance to prevent a new division of Europe.

Realism can’t explain politics –

9/11

EU

Realism can not be reformed, it’s foundation is inherently gendered and all actions from that frame will also be gendered.

Duncanson, Eschle, University of Edinburgh and University of Strathclyde 2008
(Claire and Catherin. Gender and the Nuclear Weapons State: A Feminist Critique of the UK Government’s White Paper on Trident’, New Political Science, 30:4, 545 -563 hdo)

If Realism’s epistemology (its underlying conception of knowledge) is gendered, its ontology (its underlying conception about the self and agency) is equally so. Feminists would argue that James’s analogy comparing the state to a man is not accidental but intrinsic to how the state is understood: this is "an exclusionary masculine model of agency derived from a context of unequal gender relations, where primarily women’s child rearing and care-giving work
supports the development of autonomous male selves."75 In order to appear unitary,
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General Election made a commitment to retain the UK’s existing nuclear deterrent.77 

No internal to Bostrom – their Blank ev says that Russia will use a nuke to expand not that their will be an all out nuclear war between the U.S. and Russia.

Their aff is a self-fulfilling prophecy vis-à-vis Russia.

Øyvind Jæger, @ Norweigian Institute of International Affairs and the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, 2k ~[Peace and Conflict Studies 7.2, "Securitizing Russia: Discoursive Practice of the Baltic States," http://shss.nova.edu/pcs/journalsPDF/V7N2.pdf~~%23page=18~~]
The Russian war on Chechnya is one event that was widely interpreted in the Baltic
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the privileged identity as the subversive errand boys of the prime external enemy.

Give Russia war zero probability – politics, military superiority, economic concerns, and nuclear security

Graham 2007 (Thomas, Russia in Global Affairs, "The dialectics of strength and weakness", http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1129.html, WEA)
An astute historian of Russia, Martin Malia, wrote several years ago that "
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while laying the basis for more constructive long-term relations with Russia.

Not likely —- experts

BG, Boston Globe, 10, Experts say no risk of US-Russia war, http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/01/03/obama_presses_review_of_nuclear_strategy/?page=3
Bombers could go
The Air Force’s 114 long-range nuclear bombers - including the B-52 and B-2 stealth bombers and more than 1,000 nuclear missiles - are believed to be the most vulnerable of the three legs of the triad.
Some former commanders and a growing number of specialists contend they have far less military value now that an all-out nuclear war with Russia is unlikely. Among them is retired General Eugene Habiger, former commander of the US Strategic Command, which oversees all US nuclear weapons, and the man who until 1998 was responsible for America’s nuclear war plan.

US-Russia war doesn’t cause extinction

Nick Bostrom 7 - Future of Humanity Institute, Faculty of Philosophy %26 James Martin 21st Century School, Oxford University, 2009 Gannon Award Recipient, The Future of Humanity, 2007, www.nickbostrom.com/papers/future.pdf
Extinction risks constitute an especially severe subset of what could go badly wrong
for humanity. There are many possible global catastrophes that would cause immense worldwide damage
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setback: a giant massacre for man, a small misstep for mankind.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Too soon to invest in natural gas—no stable market and no short-term profit sustainability

Barone 6/27/12 (Writer for Forbes, "Way Too Soon to Get Into Natural Gas" www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2012/06/27/way-too-soon-to-get-into-natural-gas/, TGA)

While Mr. Gundlach’s trade is quite interesting, it seems a bit risky,
AND
Multi-Asset Growth Fund (DMLAX) is looking at making purchases.

There is lots of opposition to exporting excess LNG because the risk of natural gas price hikes is too high, social and environmental disruption

Michael Levi 2012 ~David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), where he is also director of its Program on Energy Security and Climate Change~
(The Hamilton Project, A strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports June 2012 http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/research/files/papers/2012/6/13%20exports%20levi/06_exports_levi)
But there is also great wariness in many quarters about the prospect of allowing exports
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concerns, particularly the desire to secure cheap energy inputs for their industries.

No Moratorium now - Massive new gas drilling in the OCS.

IIP Digital 2/8/13 "U.S. to Auction Gulf of Mexico Oil and Gas Exploration Rights" http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2013/02/20130208142315.html~~#ixzz2KRRDoYFRhttp://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2013/02/20130208142315.html~~#axzz2KRR0aKGh
Washington — Oil and gas prospectors will be able to bid on leases March 20
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in July 2012 with analysis in support of the five-year program.

Takes at least five years to begin and has no impact on prices

CFAP 8 (Center for American Progress, 9/15/2008, "Ten Reasons Not to Expand Offshore Drilling", www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2008/09/15/4894/ten-reasons-not-to-expand-offshore-drilling/)

6. Production would be expensive, would not start for a long time,
AND
effect on oil production or price until nearly 20 years after leasing begins.

On-shore shale is sustainable enough for exports now

Ebinger, Senior fellow and Director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, ’12
(Charles, "Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for US Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas," 5-2-12, http:~/~/www.brookings.edu/~~/media/events/2012/5/02%20lng%20exports/20120502_lng_edu/~~/media/events/2012/5/02%20lng%20exports/20120502_lng_exports, accessed 10-22-12) PM
For an increase in U.S. exports of LNG to be considered feasible
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concern, owing to the continued rapid improvement in technologies and production processes.

EU shale development solves

Michta, 12 — German Marshall Fund senior transatlantic fellow
(Andrew, Ph.D. from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins, . Rhodes College M. W. Buckman Distinguished Professor of International Studies, former Woodrow Wilson Center Senior Scholar and  George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies National Security Studies professor, "Shale Storm," American Interest, Jan/Feb 2012, www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1168, accessed 5-28-12, mss)

Lobbying is only part of the unfolding struggle over the future of unconventional gas in
AND
renewables down the line while also dramatically improving energy security in the meantime.

Polish shale development solves

Michta, 12 — German Marshall Fund senior transatlantic fellow
(Andrew, Ph.D. from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins, . Rhodes College M. W. Buckman Distinguished Professor of International Studies, former Woodrow Wilson Center Senior Scholar and  George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies National Security Studies professor, "Shale Storm," American Interest, Jan/Feb 2012, www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1168, accessed 5-28-12, mss)

Russia will also have a say in how all this turns out. European shale
AND
market and toward the spot market pricing prevalent in the North American market.

Poland solves

Michta, 12 — German Marshall Fund senior transatlantic fellow
(Andrew, Ph.D. from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins, . Rhodes College M. W. Buckman Distinguished Professor of International Studies, former Woodrow Wilson Center Senior Scholar and  George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies National Security Studies professor, "Shale Storm," American Interest, Jan/Feb 2012, www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1168, accessed 5-28-12, mss)

In Europe, Poland has led the way as the country with one of the
AND
market-share loss for Gazprom. But will any of this happen?

Polish shale solves

Michta, 12 — German Marshall Fund senior transatlantic fellow
(Andrew, Ph.D. from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins, . Rhodes College M. W. Buckman Distinguished Professor of International Studies, former Woodrow Wilson Center Senior Scholar and  George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies National Security Studies professor, "Shale Storm," American Interest, Jan/Feb 2012, www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1168, accessed 5-28-12, mss)

The Polish shale gas project, if successfully implemented, would undercut the Russian strategy
AND
prices in exchange for market access, rather than the other way around.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Ethics – We must lead by example to overcome exploitation

Wells and Wirth 97 ~Betty and Danielle– Remediating Development through an Ecofeminist Lens; Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature; Edited by Karen J. Warren; 1997; p 309-310~
Changing the patterns of actions that are embedded in and reinforce gender stereotypes requires developing
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with diversity (Vandana Shiva, cited in Rodda, 1991, 5). 

The alt and k impacts come first – turns the aff - Rhetorical dualisms become the paradigm for reality because every time we use that rhetoric we are making an ethical choice that shapes all reality

Cuomo 98 ~Chris J.; Assistant professor of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati; Feminism and ecological communities, an ethic of flourishing; 1998; Routledge, London; pg 136-137~
Dualisms, such as masculine and feminine, yin and yan, male and female
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even a system. It is an increasing complexity’ (1986: 353).

Knowledge production DA - Prioritizing science devalues all other forms of knowledge production.

Nhanenge 7 ~Jytte: Master of Arts at the development studies at the University of South Africa "Ecofeminism: Towards Integrating the concerns of women _{poor people and nature into development" http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/570/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1-http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/570/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1 ~.}

Modern science is portrayed as a universal, value-free and objective system of
AND
1985: 7; Biaidotti et al I994: 30-31).

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Ecofeminism is in a double bind – either they are not driving towards a totally diverse society or they must accept that colonialism and racism are acceptable ideologies

Cuomo 98 ~Chris J.; Assistant professor of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati; Feminism and ecological communities, an ethic of flourishing; 1998; Routledge, London; pg 131-132~
Anyone who has spent time on a college campus in the last few years can
AND
a gloss over more substantive recommendations that certain forms of life be valued.

Caring may be good in the abstract, but the cared-for/caring dualism reintrenches the carer in a subordinated position in society

Cuomo 98 ~Chris J.; Assistant professor of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati; Feminism and ecological communities, an ethic of flourishing; 1998; Routledge, London; pg 128-129~
The idea that women should reclaim aspects of their experiences and perspectives that have been
AND
of ecological interaction often fail to consider nonhuman ’self’directedness as a moral goal.

Your relationship to reality turns your environment arguments.

Kidner 12
(David – prof psychology university of Nottingham – Trent. "Nature and Experience in the Culture of Delusion: How Industrial Society Lost Touch with Reality" Palgrave McMillan p. vi-vii
Douglas Adams’ novel A Hitch-Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy begins with¶ the
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When a civilisation loses touch¶with reality, we call it ’normality’.

The Marginality the Aff claims for its position is illusory. While they conceive of themselves as different and beyond the center they do nothing more than allow the center to assimilate them into the fold.

Mann 96 (Paul Mann, Professor of English at Pomona College, Ph.D. from University of California, Santa Cruz. Writes with a focus on literary criticism, and Critical Theory. "Nine Forms of Intellectual Warfare" http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v006/6.2mann.html)//-http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v006/6.2mann.html)// RJG

The position is surrounded by a "border," a "margin."  This circular
AND
is why postcolonial criticism remains a colonial outpost of an older critical form.
Without exception, all positions are oriented toward the institutional apparatus.  Marginality here is
AND
not an exception.  Effective resistance must be located in other tactical forms.

Case

Mann

the K is first-world privilege romanticizing the lives of the poorest people on earth – the alternative returns to conditions of mass inequality and suffering

Macgregor 4 (Sherilyn Lecturer Keele University, "From Care to Citizenship: Calling Ecofeminism back to Politics" in Ethics %26 the Environment 9.1 pg. 56-84) BHB
Problematic also is an apparent lack of acknowledgement that many of the women who ecofeminists
AND
(1994) has argued, this position is inconsistent with feminist aims.

The impact is that

====turns the case – they reify the dualism between below and above – they merely switch the poles than changing how this system operates. They might win that it is net better in a util fw to have the bottom on top but it takes out their methodology because there is a reification of the epistemological modes that sustain env destruction in the squo. Criticisms like the Affirmative serve as systems-maintenance of the processes they seek to attack.====
Mann 96 (Paul Mann, Professor of English at Pomona College, Ph.D. from University of California, Santa Cruz. Writes with a focus on literary criticism, and Critical Theory. "Nine Forms of Intellectual Warfare" http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v006/6.2mann.html)//-http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v006/6.2mann.html)//** RJG

As the economy in general and technological development in particular come to be seen in
AND
systems-maintenance, and a feature of the status quo of capital.

Hence war discourse will cast intellectuals as agents of a general logistical economy and at
AND
exchange ideas only in order to destroy thought itself with these ludicrous gifts.

This not only turns case but prevents any future possibility of change from emerging, if there is any hope of change it must come from outside the academic/critical system.

Mann 96 (Paul Mann, Professor of English at Pomona College, Ph.D. from University of California, Santa Cruz. Writes with a focus on literary criticism, and Critical Theory. "Nine Forms of Intellectual Warfare" http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v006/6.2mann.html)//-http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v006/6.2mann.html)//** RJG

We will pursue the subject of warfare because we will increasingly see a relationship between
AND
against the state.   I will have more to say about this contradiction.
 To repeat: The object of criticism is always a symptom, if you
AND
perhaps the sign of a potential combat some critical force could still fight.
 It would be a mistake to assume that this metamorphosis of discourse as war
AND
them, and for our facile analogies between video games and smart bombs.
I would propose two distinct diagnoses of the rise of war talk.  On one
AND
becoming critical warriors or being relieved of the demand that we do so.

Hurts women

The ethic of the 1AC subordinates the carer – women are pushed into a subordinated positions.

Their answer is that atomistic we aren’t Cuomo is a ecofeminists.

Turn – ethically and pragmatically eco-feminism retreats from positions of power reifying masculine control.

Lewis 92
(Martin W. – Assistant Professor in Geography at George Washington University, 1992; "Green Delusions", p. 35-36; "Feminist Challenges to Radical Eco-Feminism")
Radical eco-feminism has also been challenged by mainstream femi¬nists. Especially contentious is
AND
in countries like Pakistan, fertility rates are likely to remain unsustainably high.

The turn to discourse accepts the world as functioning according to textual rules, rather than the environment. We pretend to make changes, but continue material destruction ignoring that nature is an ontological prerequisite to social and political life.

Kidner 12 ~David W., Faculty of Humanities, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton; Nature and
Experience in the Culture of Delusion: How Industrial Society Lost Touch with Reality. Palgrave Macmillan. Pg 110-113~
Illustrating the ’preference for conceptual coherence over organic coherence’ noted earlier, the ’linguistic turn’
AND
greet any claim for the causal priority of language with bewilderment and derision. 

If we accept the openness of the aff to a multiplicity of truths, we ignore the obvious assumption that some things are just deplorable. Holocaust deniers, those intent on genocide, racists are all right under their framework.

CATHARINE A. MACKINNON, 2000
(Prof of Law @ U of Michigan, "Points Against Postmodernism," Chicago-Kent Law Review, Volume 75, pps. 687-712.)
¶ It is my view that it is the relation of theory to reality that
AND
, if one has speech and memory, one¶ was not violated. 

Tournament: NDT | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Framework is a voter for Clash – The aff will always win that the principles of their advocacy are good in the abstract – we can only debate the merits of their framework if they defend the specific consequences of political implementation

Bryant 2012 (Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, author of Difference and Givenness: Deleuze’s Transcendental Empiricism and the Ontology of Immanence, co-editor of the forthcoming The Speculative Turn with Nick Srnicek and Graham Harman, and author of a number of articles on Deleuze, Badiou, Zizek, Lacan, and political theory. "Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Radical Left" http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)//RJG**

I must be in a mood today– half irritated, half amused –because
AND
.  Instead we prefer to shout and denounce.  Good luck with that.

Materiality - Discourse is forced into symbolic consistency to veil experienced realities – this results in deprioritization and destruction of the environment.

Kidner 12 ~David W., Faculty of Humanities, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton; Nature and
Experience in the Culture of Delusion: How Industrial Society Lost Touch with Reality. Palgrave Macmillan. Pg 106-107~
This prioritisation of the symbolic means that ecological structures and relations come far down the
AND
forced into consistency with the industrialist system while betraying embodied, experienced realities. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: UMKC BS | Judge: 

The affirmative is unethical political constipation, aggressively seeking pleasure at the expense of real political change – they reduce material experience to a contingent relationship with ideology that destroys political agency and reifies capitalist domination

Ebert ’95 (Teresa, ~Professor of English, University at Albany, SUNY; specializes in Critical and Cultural Theory, Marxist Theory, Feminist Critique, and Globalization Theory~. "(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism." in Post-Ality, Marxism and Postmodernism, edited by Mas’udZavarzadeh, Teresa Ebert and Donald Morton, Maisonneuve Press 1995.)
The non-discursive for ludic feminists in the 1990’s, thus, becomes more
AND
on this point. In his "Body/Power," Foucault states that
The emergence of the problem of the body and its growing urgency have come about
AND
the important, if not essential elements. (Power/Knowledge 57)
The politics of Foucault’s theorising of the body as a site of resistance materialism becomes
AND
the prevailing mode of "materialism" in ludic feminism in this way:
I mean materialism in its strongest sense: the material onto which we map our constructions, ’matter on its own terms that might resist or pressure our constructions, or prove independent of them altogether. This materialism is the nondiscursive something poststructuralist feminists now want to embrace, the extradiscursive something they confess necessarily eludes them. ("Bodies and God" 131)
Unlike historical materialism, which foregrounds the historical praxis of the materiality of labour,
AND
process of extracting surplus labour from the worker by the capitalist takes place.

====Capitalism is slavery, and causes and endless cycle of suffering every day. ====

Herod 6~James, dude who doesn’t like capitalism~  "Section 1. An Awareness of How We Do NOT Want to Live." University of Massachusetts Boston - a Student-centered Urban Public Research University - University of Massachusetts Boston.Web. 03 Nov. 2011. http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/4-01.htm.

There are places where you can come over a bridge and see a whole big
AND
and the profit system, if you care enough to study their works. 

Subordination of women is real. It exists and can’t be wished away. There is nothing subtle or nuanced about rape and genocide. We must resist attempts to define reality out of existence.

CATHARINE A. MACKINNON, 2000
(Prof of Law @ U of Michigan, "Points Against Postmodernism," Chicago-Kent Law Review, Volume 75, pps. 687-712.)
¶ What I mean to say on the question of reality in theory is this
AND
from its constitution¶ by male power or its validation by male knowledge.

Material oppression can’t be explained away by symbolic gestures like "you rely on use-value"—only material embodiment within the world informs our values.  Without a "good use of the social," their impacts are inevitable

Wood and Cox 93 (Julia, Professor in the Department of Speech Communication, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, and Robert, the Associate Professor in the Department of Speech Communication, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, "Rethinkin critical voice: Material  and situated konoledge", Western Journal of Communication, pg 278 -287, Spring)

Yet,totalizing communication as the symbolic entails certain costs. Our enchantment with claims
AND
reality that cannot be denied and should not be beclouded by definitional quibbles.

Thus the alternative: Vote negative to endorse an objective system of politics and materiality

Capitalism is based on the systemic exploitation of labor power, mystifying the link between labor and society – critiquing the objective status of labor power allows for emancipatory politics and destroys capitalism

Ebert 96 ~Teresa L., For a Red Pedagogy: Feminist, Desire, and Need College English, Vol. 58, No. 7 (Nov., 1996), pp. 795-819~
In other words, a corporeal knowledge that "traces the libidinal pathway," "
AND
, in short, the means for producing politically effective and transformative knowledges.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: UMKC BS | Judge: 

Postmodernism method ( and it has one) is to make everything mental. Real harm no longer exists. Ie The penis is the phallus, women the female body, abuse is now about agency and victims. Enough Already.

CATHARINE A. MACKINNON, 2000
(Prof of Law @ U of Michigan, "Points Against Postmodernism," Chicago-Kent Law Review, Volume 75, pps. 687-712.)
¶ Postmodernism as practiced often comes across as style—¶ petulant, joyriding, more
AND
most credible,¶ "narrative." But real harm has ceased to exist.

Even if discourses have effects, we’ve got to be able to determine the way they’re used to prop up material oppression – we steal their offense and are the only ones who can solve.

Aune, Cloud, and Macek ’06 (James Arnt Aune, ~Department of Communication, Texas A%26M~. Dana Cloud, ~Department of Communication Studies, University of Texas Austin~. Steve Macek, ~Department of Speech Communication, North Central College~. "The Limbo of Ethical Simulacra": A Reply to Ron Greene. Philosophy and Rhetoric 39.1 (2006) 72-84. Project MUSE.)
Greene and other poststructuralists charge Marxist theorists in the field of rhetorical studies with holding
AND
article, Ron Suskind quoted an unnamed aide to George W. Bush:
The aide said that guys like me were "in what we call the reality
AND
be left to just study what we do." (2004, 44)
These comments resonate with Greene’s antifoundationalism; for Greene as for Bush’s aide, what is produced as "in the true" admits no rational, reality-based counterpoint. There are, in fact, limits to the endless productivity of communication: it always runs up against the brute material reality of exploitation and human suffering.

Feminism is the core of ecofeminist "pedagogy". Their attempt at permutation ignores the ethical starting assumption of ethics that their ecofeminist pedagogy develops from.

Cuomo 98 ~Chris J.; Assistant professor of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati; Feminism and ecological communities, an ethic of flourishing; 1998; Routledge, London; pg 52-54~
One way of distinguishing ecological feminism from other movements and theories is in terms of
AND
musings of the subordinated on their own conditions and the character of oppressors.

The permutation guts all solvency. Pomo is an empty critique , a reversion to prefeminist theory, Marxism without class struggle, feminism without women. A politics of abdication and passivism.

CATHARINE A. MACKINNON, 2000
(Prof of Law @ U of Michigan, "Points Against Postmodernism," Chicago-Kent Law Review, Volume 75, pps. 687-712.)
If it is to contribute to feminism’s future, postmodernism has, I¶ think
AND
and engaged by comparison), a precious politics¶ of abdication and passivism.

1NC - Ecofem, Solvency, Russia (with threatcon links)
2NC - Ecofem
1NR - Case
2NR - Ecofem, Russia Threatcon

1NC - Framework, Marx Fem, Case
2NC - Framework, Marx Fem
1NR - Case
2NR - Marx Fem, Case