Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 1-6 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1AC

Advantage 1: Leadership

China is taking the lead in clean tech

Rothrock 11 (Ray Rothrock, 23 year General Partner of Venrock, and member of the Board of Directors of the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA). Testimony submitted to the US Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. 05/03/2011 http://www.nvca.org/index.php?option=com_docman%26task=cat_view%26Itemid=93)//-http://www.nvca.org/index.php?option=com_docman%26task=cat_view%26Itemid=93)// RJG
My colleagues and I on the board of the NVCA can certainly understand how reasonable
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technology carcasses ranging from renewable energy to cleaner fossil fuel technologies to nuclear.

U.S. can take back the lead

Silverstein 12 (Ken Silverstein, editor-in-chief for Energy Central’s EnergyBiz Insider, covering economic and policy angles within the energy sphere. "Nuclear Energy Accidents May Become Thing of Past" com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/18/nuclear-energy-accidents-may-become-thing-of-past/2/  04/18/2012) RJG

Thorium is most suited to run in fourth generation "liquid fuel" reactors,
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furthest along and if it succeeds, the science will be applied elsewhere.

Hege will collapse by 2030 if we don’t build LFTRs

Martin 12
(Richard — award-winning journalist whose work has appeared in Time, Fortune, The Atlantic, and The Best Science Writing, Martin is the editorial director of Pike Research, a leading clean-energy firm.; "SuperFuel: Thorium, the Green Energy Source for the Future"; Palgrave Macmillan; p. 237-239)
They are right about one thing: the United States is not likely to be
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failed to capitalize on a technology that we once held in our hands.

Slippage on the technological innovation is perceived as a sign of the decline of US Global Hegemony.

Drezner 1 (Daniel Drezner (professor of international politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University) 2001 "State structure, technological leadership and the maintenance of hegemony" http://www.danieldrezner.com/research/tech.pdf)**

In this decade, proponents of globalization argue that because information and capital are mobile
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leading to a period of strife until a new hegemonic power is found. 

U.S. Hegemony is key to check a great power war and extinction.

Wohlforth 9 (William C. Wohlforth, a professor of government at Dartmouth College, 2009 "Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War" Project Muse)

Second, I question the dominant view that status quo evaluations are relatively independent of
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ways that directly contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity.

Solves escalation of global hotspots- retrenchment causes bickering internationally over leadership and prevents cooperation

Brzezinski 12 Zbigniew K. Brzezinski (CSIS counselor and trustee and cochairs the CSIS Advisory Board. He is also the Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, D.C. February 2012 "After America" http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,0

For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single
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policy — or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

Advantage 2: Economy

Slowing growth, increased taxes and the debt crises will result in a recession now.

Crutsinger 8/2 (Martin Crutsinger, Fed: US growth slows, but no action needed _ yet, AP Economics Writer / August 2, 2012, http://www.boston.com/business/news/2012/08/01/fed-says-economy-has-slowed-takes-new-steps/rZBAjeR07EmouRnoIDtzJN/story.html-http://www.boston.com/business/news/2012/08/01/fed-says-economy-has-slowed-takes-new-steps/rZBAjeR07EmouRnoIDtzJN/story.html) JD
U.S. economic growth slowed to an annual rate of just 1.
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2 percent in June for the 17 countries that use the euro currency.

The economic growth effects will be linear.

Goff 10 (Emily Goff, October 1, 2010, Small Reactors, Large Potential Impact, The Heritage Foundation, http://blog.heritage.org/2010/10/01/small-reactors-large-potential-impact/-http://blog.heritage.org/2010/10/01/small-reactors-large-potential-impact/) JD
The study investigates potential impacts of SMR manufacturing, construction, and operation on the
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sales, and %249.6 billion in value-added impacts.

SMRs are key to the energy economy – lower market risk.

Rosner and Goldberg, ’11
(Robert (William E. Wrather Distinguished Service Professor in the Departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Physics) and Stephen (Special Assistant to the Director at the Argonne National Laboratory) , Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.", Technical Paper, Revision 1, November 2011, https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdf-https://epic.sites.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/EPICSMRWhitePaperFinalcopy.pdf, accessed 8-4-12, RSR)
Furthermore, CBO discussed the market risk associated with GW-scale plants: Market
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the investment requirements are comparable – SMRs could potentially "fit the bill." 

A double dip recession triggers an economic depression.

Isidore, ’11
(Chris, Senior Writer, "Recession 2.0 would hurt worse" CNN Money, 8-10-11, http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/10/news/economy/double_dip_recession_economy/index.htm-http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/10/news/economy/double_dip_recession_economy/index.htm, accessed 8-2-11, RSR)
Another recession could be even worse than the last one for a few reasons.
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this new recession would likely have virtually no policy effort to counteract it.

Economic decline causes multiple scenarios of nuclear war

Burrows and Harris 2009 Mathew J. Burrows counselor in the National Intelligence Council and Jennifer Harris a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" The Washington Quarterly 32:2 https://csis.org/files/publication/twq09aprilburrowsharris.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict¶ Of course, the report encompasses more than economics
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and between states in a more¶ dog-eat-dog world.¶ 

Advantage 3: Nuclear Renaissance

US nuclear renaissance is inevitable - it’s the only way to meet demand and government subsidies

Worthington 12 (David Worthington, February 9, 2012, The U.S. nuclear renaissance has begun  , Smart Planet, http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/the-us-nuclear-renaissance-has-begun/13058-http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/the-us-nuclear-renaissance-has-begun/13058) JD

There are cooling towers on the horizon in the United States. The nuclear renaissance
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million homes at a cost of US%2414 billion, CNN reported.-http://money.cnn.com/2012/02/08/news/economy/nuclear_reactors/index.htm?hpt=hp_t3

And internationally- Multiple countries going nuclear now

Chu 10 (Steven, Energy Sectretary, "America’s New Nuclear Option", The Wall Street Journal,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704231304575092130239999278.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704231304575092130239999278.html, accessed 8-3-12, RSR) 

Perhaps most importantly, investing in nuclear energy will position America to lead in a
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Our choice is clear: Develop these technologies today or import them tomorrow.

Prolif

Development of commercial technology is directly linked to the procurement of weapons

BPC 12 (Bipartisan Policy Center, "Bipartisan Policy Center Nuclear Initiative Releases Report on Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets and International Non-Proliferation Issues", 7-19-12,
http://bipartisanpolicy.org/news/press-releases/2012/07/bipartisan-policy-center-nuclear-initiative-releases-report-maintaining--http://bipartisanpolicy.org/news/press-releases/2012/07/bipartisan-policy-center-nuclear-initiative-releases-report-maintaining-, accessed 8-1-12, RSR)

The new report underscores the relationship between civilian programs and non-proliferation leadership.
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ability to offer practical solutions to safety, security, and nonproliferation challenges."

Successful US SMRs allow us to shape international renaissance- SMRs already being studied but US leadership key to effective deployment

Rosner and Goldberg 11 (Robert Rosner, astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, and Stephen Goldberg, Special Assistant to the Director at the Argonne National Laboratory, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.", Technical Paper, Revision 1, November 2011) 

There are many opportunities and challenges for United States industry and government to be leaders
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Japan, Korea, Russia, and, now rapidly emerging, China.

A robust domestic industry is critical to signal U.S. leadership on non-proliferation norms.

Domenici 12 (Energy and Infrastructure Program, Energy Project, Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets, A Report of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s Nuclear Inititative. Pete Domenici and Warren Miller, July 2012, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership%20in%20Nuclear%20Energy%20Markets.pdf-http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Leadership in Nuclear Energy Markets.pdf) JD

In addition, policy makers and the public must understand the clear linkages that exist   
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issues of vital interest   to our long-term energy and national security.

SMRS ensure safe nuclear technology - allows the US to promote non-proliferation objectives, otherwise wildfire prolif is inevitable

Loudermilk 11 (Micah, research associate with the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program at National Defense University, "Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs", Journal of Energy Security, 5-31-11,
http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=article%26catid=116%3Acontent0411%26id=314%3Asmall-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26tmpl=component%26print=1%26page=%26option=com_content%26Itemid=375-http://www.ensec.org/index.php?view=article%26catid=116%3Acontent0411%26id=314%3Asmall-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26tmpl=component%26print=1%26page=%26option=com_content%26Itemid=375, accessed 8-1-12, RSR)

Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the scattering of small reactors around the
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standards on nuclear agreements, spent fuel reprocessing, and developing reactor technologies.

LFTRs eliminate the possibility of prolif and decrease the risk of prolif from old reactors

Hargraves 12 ~[Robert, study leader for energy policy at Dartmouth ILEAD, chief information officer at Boston Scientific Corporation, Graduate of Brown University (PhD in Physics)~] Thorium: Energy Cheaper Than Coal. p. 338-343
The liquid fluoride thorium reactor is proliferation resistant.¶ LFTR requires fissile material to be
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lead to sustainable populations, reducing the¶ potential for wars over resources.

Unchecked nuclear spread will cause global nuclear war – shorter flight times and lack of second strike capacity.

Cimbala 8 (Stephen, Political Science Professor at the University of Pennsylvania, March, "Anticipatory Attacks: Nuclear Crisis Stability in Future Asia" Comparative Strategy, Vol 27 No 2, p 113-132, InformaWorld)

The spread of nuclear weapons in Asia presents a complicated mosaic of possibilities in this
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might be inaccurate guides to the avoidance of war outside of Europe.19

Meltdowns

Old reactor types make meltdowns inevitable – reactors have shut down in the past and the NRC has failed at regulation

Gronlund 7 (Nuclear power in a Warming world: Assessing the Risks, Addressing the Challenges, Lisbeth Gronlund;  David Lochbaum;  Edwin Lyman, Union of Concerned Scientists, http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear-power-in-a-warming-world.pdf-http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear-power-in-a-warming-world.pdf) JD

Safety problems remain despite a lack of   serious accidents.   A serious nuclear power accident
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problems so extensive that a year or more is   needed to fix them.

LFTR’s have no risk of meltdown – multiple warrants.

Hargraves 12 ~[Robert, study leader for energy policy at Dartmouth ILEAD, chief information officer at Boston Scientific Corporation, Graduate of Brown University (PhD in Physics)~] Thorium: Energy Cheaper Than Coal. pp. 196-198
LFTR has inherent safety. Today’s LWRs achieve safety through defense in depth- multiple
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, pump, or pipe ruptured the salts would spill out and solidify. 

Meltdowns cause extinction

Lendman 11 (Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 03/ 13, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,", The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan-http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan, accessed 8-2-12, RSR)

Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused %24100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event.

Terrorism

Old reactor types make nuke terror inevitable- They’ll steal fissile material

Early et al. 9 (Bryan (Former Research Fellow at Harvard’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs), Matthew Fuhrmann (Professor in Political Science at Texas A%26M) and Quan Li (Professor in Political Science at Texas A%26M), "Atoms for Terror: The Determinants of Nuclear/Radiological Terrorism", Social Science Research Network, RSR)

The presence and size of a civilian nuclear infrastructure affect terrorist groups’ cost-benefit
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often look for NR materials in the country that they wish to attack.

Terrorists can get nuclear material and build a bomb

McLauglin 9/12/11
(John E. McLaughlin, Distinguished Practitioner in Residence, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Former Acting Director of Central Intelligence; "Assessing the Threat: Is the United States Still Vulnerable?" http://www.cfr.org/911/assessing-threat-united-states-still-vulnerable/p25862)
But having now yielded to it, let me say — (laughter) —
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you use that material in a dirty bomb? Yeah, you could.

Fuel is impossible to remove and it’s too toxic to use

Martin 12 (Richard Martin, award-winning journalist whose work has appeared in Time, Fortune, The Atlantic, and The Best Science Writing, Martin is the editorial director of Pike Research, a leading clean-energy firm. "Is Thorium a Magic Bullet for Our Energy Problems" org/2012/05/04/152026805/is-thorium-a-magic-bullet-for-our-energy-problems)// RJG
However - you’re welcome. However, some of those conclusions are just wrong.
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know, very, very slim - so much as to be negligible.

Nuclear terrorism causes retaliation that sparks global nuclear war and extinction.

Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand –  Victoria University of Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects", Studies in Conflict %26 Terrorism, 33(7), July)

But these two nuclear worlds—a non-state actor nuclear attack and a
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

Plan

Plan: United States Federal Government should offer a fund-matching program for thorium reactors in the United States.

Solvency

USFG should provide matching fund program for thorium

Martin 12
(Richard — award-winning journalist whose work has appeared in Time, Fortune, The Atlantic, and The Best Science Writing, Martin is the editorial director of Pike Research, a leading clean-energy firm.; "SuperFuel: Thorium, the Green Energy Source for the Future"; Palgrave Macmillan; p. 232)
WHILE A NEW MANHATTAN PROJECT is not going to happen, some form of government
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for a total of%244 billion to %2410 billion a year.

Obama killed fund matching programs

WNA 12
(World Nuclear Association; "US Nuclear Power Policy";  http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf41_US_nuclear_power_policy.html)
In February 2002, the DOE announced the Nuclear Power 2010 programe, a government
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carbon emissions remain the same, each new administration brings shifts in policy.

Plan resolves financial hurdles preventing thorium development

Financial Times 11 (September 23rd, New life for forgotten fuel, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/52d7bde6-e401-11e0-bc4e-00144feabdc0.html~~%23ixzz22MkwtDqk)
Cywinski believes it is time to look again at the technology. "Thorium has
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plutonium. An enormous additional investment would be needed to shift to thorium.

Incentives now takes out their disads

WNN 12 (World Nuclear News, SMR vendors apply for government funds, May 22 2012,
http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-SMR_vendors_apply_for_government_funds-2205124.html-http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-SMR_vendors_apply_for_government_funds-2205124.html) JD

The DoE announced in March 2012 that a total of %24450 million would be
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and licences in order to identify the most viable candidates for accelerated commercialization."

Tournament: West Point | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1ac prolif

Advantage one is Prolif –

Continued prolif risks global war

Heisbourg 12—chairman of the council of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy and of the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies (Francois, 3/4/12, "NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION – LOOKING BACK, THINKING AHEAD: HOW BAD WOULD THE FURTHER SPREAD OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS BE?," http://www.npolicy.org/article_file/Nuclear_Proliferation_-_Looking_Back_Thinking_Ahead_How_Bad_Would_the_Further_Spread_of_Nuclear_Weapons_Be.pdf, RBatra)

The problem with this reassuring reading of the past is that it is not entirely
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two countries is substantial, above and beyond the intentions of government officials.

The impact is extinction

Kroenig, 12 ~May 26^th, Matthew Kroenig: Assistant Professor of Government, Georgetown University and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, The History of Proliferation Optimism: Does It Have A Future?  Prepared for the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182%26tid=30-http://www.npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1182%26tid=30~~ 

Proliferation Optimism: Proliferation optimism was revived in the academy in Kenneth Waltz’s 1979 book
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that a future Middle East crisis could result in a devastating nuclear exchange. 

Global interest makes nuclear industry expansion dangerous now

Banks and Ebinger, 11 ~John P, Charles K, John is a fellow with the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, Charles is senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution, "Introduction: Planning a Responsible Nuclear Future" in "Business and Nonproliferation", p. googlebooks~ 

Nuclear energy is a twentieth-century innovation but until recently has not spread beyond
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reprocessing. This is a major challenge for a regime already under stress.

Plan prevents global prolif and solidifies leadership

Wharton, 9/27/12 ~Art Wharton is a principal project engineer at Westinghouse Electric Company LLC in Nuclear Power Plants Business %26 Project Development. He is a member of the ANS Planning Committee, ANS Public Policy Committee, the ANS Operations and Power Division Program Committee, is the Treasurer of the ANS Operations and Power Division, is the Pittsburgh ANS Local Section Past Chair, a Trustee on the Board of Pittsburgh’s Urban Pathways Charter School, and is a guest contributor to the ANS Nuclear Café, "U.S. Global Nuclear Leadership Through Export-Driven Engagement, http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/09/27/u-s-global-nuclear-leadership-through-export-driven-engagement/~~
It’s logical that ANS would want U.S. nuclear technology to dominate the
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leader in the exportation of peaceful nuclear technology. But I’m not done.¶ 

US leadership offsets dangerous tech

Ferguson, 10 ~Dr. Charles D. Ferguson, President of the Federation of American Scientists, Adjunct Professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and Adjunct Lecturer in the National Security Studies Program at the Johns Hopkins University, May 19, 2010, Statement before the House Committee on Science and Technology for the hearing on Charting the Course for American Nuclear Technology: Evaluating the Department of Energy’s Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap, http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing%20.pdf-http://www.fas.org/press/_docs/05192010_Testimony_HouseScienceCommHearing .pdf~
*PHWR = pressurized heavy water reactor

The United States and several other countries have considerable experience in building and operating small
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used fuel. Both of these proposed criteria present technical and political challenges.

And, the plan shapes international norms – history proves
Lieberman, 11 ~November 15, 2011 Nonproliferation, Congress, and Nuclear Trade: Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose¶ Jodi Lieberman Jodi Lieberman is senior government relations¶ specialist at the American Physical Society in¶ Washington, D.C, http://csis.org/files/publication/111116_nonproliferation_congress_and_nucleartrade.pdf

 U.S. Nonproliferation Influence  While 123 agreements are an important U.
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A second  nuclear security summit will be  held in South Korea in 2012.

And, LFTR reactors are key – in situ reprocessing checks fissile diversion

Martin, 12 ~May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since
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Source for the Future", ISBN 978—0»230-116474~
*LFTR = liquid fluoride thorium reactor

IN REPORTING ON THE THORIUM POWER MOVEMENT, I heard plenty of reasons why it
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the traditionalist argument in more detail in the final pages of this book.

And, the plan causes tech exports

Hargraves, 12  ~July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made
AND
than coal, ISBN: 1478161299, purchased online at Amazon.com~ 

Export LFTR nuclear power plants. Simply generating inexpensive, nonpolluting LFTR power within the
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emitting energy from coal and reduce demand for energy from other fossil fuels.

Unmitigated tech breakout causes runaway prolif and nuclear war

Sokolski 9 ~Henry Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 6/1/2009, Avoiding a Nuclear Crowd, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/5534~~ 

Finally, several new nuclear weapons contenders are also likely to emerge in the next
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, would ever want. None of this, however, is inevitable.

Federal action is key to reverse industry decline and influence reactor adoption

Wallace and Williams, 12 ~Michael, Senior Adviser, U.S. Nuclear Energy Project, Sarah, CSIS, "Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing It’s Early Demise," http://csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf~~

America’s nuclear energy industry is in decline. Low natural gas prices, financing hurdles
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.S. nuclear industry and take action to prevent its early demise. 

Thorium is key – spurs elimination of plutonium stockpiles

Donohue, 8/27/12 ~Nathan Donohue is a research intern for the Project on Nuclear Issues, CSIS, "Thorium and its Value in Nonproliferation", http://csis.org/blog/thorium-and-its-value-nonproliferation-http://csis.org/blog/thorium-and-its-value-nonproliferation~~ 

The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) recently featured an article on their Science
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); and advanced designs such as Molten Salt Reactor and Accelerator Driven System.

And, in-situ reprocessing removes plutonium – solves extinction from terrorism

Rhodes, 12 ~February, Professor Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), "Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy", http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html-http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html~~

There is much written to the effect that thorium might prove a more viable nuclear
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will be the fulcrum on which the survival of human civilization is poised.

And, dual use makes other reactors too risky – federal investment streamlines tech transfers

Hargraves, 12  ~July, Robert, Robert Hargraves has written articles and made
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than coal, ISBN: 1478161299, purchased online at Amazon.com~ 

Advanced nuclear power must be proliferation resistant. Nuclear weapons can cause terrible destruction of
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that lead to sustainable populations, reducing the potential for wars over resources. 

1ac Hege

ADVANTAGE TWO IS Hege—

Current Chinese investments make thorium development inevitable, the plan prevents a monopoly through intellectual property control

Martin, 12 ~May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since
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Source for the Future", ISBN 978—0»230-116474~

GIVEN ALL THIS, I HAD TO ASK, why bother? Blessed with large
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2010 and of which China now has a monopoly: rare earth elements.¶ 

And, Chinese market dominance collapse US competitiveness

Wash Post 12 ~Washington Post, 3-14, "America Is Letting China Steal Our Valuable Nuclear Innovations," http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2012/03/america-is-letting-china-steal-our-valuable-nuclear-innovations.html~~

The U.S. Is Letting China Steal Its Nuclear Innovations … Just Like
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Fukushima will build and run the U.S. plants as well.

The impact is hege.

Drezner 1 (Daniel Drezner (professor of international politics at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University) 2001 "State structure, technological leadership and the maintenance of hegemony" http://www.danieldrezner.com/research/tech.pdf)**

In this decade, proponents of globalization argue that because information and capital are mobile
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leading to a period of strife until a new hegemonic power is found. 

Technical competitiveness is key to primacy—the impact is great power war

Baru 9 - Visiting Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore (Sanjaya, "Year of the power shift?,"
http://www.india-seminar.com/2009/593/593_sanjaya_baru.htm

In the modern era, the idea that strong economic performance is the foundation of
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economic growth and military power – the classic ’guns vs butter’ dilemma.

Hegemonic decline in the context of competitiveness causes global war

Zhang and Shi, 2011 – *Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. (America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/) 

This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.

U.S. Hegemony is key to check a great power war and extinction.

Wohlforth 9 (William C. Wohlforth, a professor of government at Dartmouth College, 2009 "Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War" Project Muse)
Second, I question the dominant view that status quo evaluations are relatively independent of
AND
ways that directly contradict their material interest in security and/or prosperity.

Solves escalation of global hotspots- retrenchment causes bickering internationally over leadership and prevents cooperation

Brzezinski 12 Zbigniew K. Brzezinski (CSIS counselor and trustee and cochairs the CSIS Advisory Board. He is also the Robert E. Osgood Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, D.C. February 2012 "After America" http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,0

For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single
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policy — or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil.

1ac plan

The United States Federal Government should establish a matching funds program and reduce licensing restrictions for Liquid Fluoride Thorium power production in the United States.

1ac solvency

Contention two is Solvency –

The tech is feasible but the plan is vital

Martin, 12 ~May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since
AND
Source for the Future", ISBN 978—0»230-116474~

WHILE A NEW MANHATTAN PROIECT is not going to happen, some¶ form of
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favorable, and the need is urgent. The choice¶ is ours.

New appropriations fast-track development—current support not enough

Cannarra, 5/5/11 ~Engineering and Environmental Consultant Member: AAAS, IEEE, Sierra Club Supporter: EDF, Greenpeace, NAPF, Nature Conservancy, NRDC, RAN, UCS, WWF… Affiliated with the Thorium Energy Alliance Thorium – A Safe, Abundant and ’Fertile’ Power Source Dr. Alexander Cannara,http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/brc/20120627230324/http://brc.gov/sites/default/files/comments/attachments/thoriumarticle_a_cannara_0.pdf~~ 

Today, for example, we in the US have limited support for better reactor
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the way to safely fuelling our future via Thorium (3,4).

And, the plan accelerates development

Barton, ’9
~Charles, retired counselor, writes for Energy From Thorium, "The Liquid Fluoride Thorium Paradigm," http://www.theoildrum.com/node/4971/~~
The Obama campaign, properly in my opinion, opposed the Yucca Mountain nuclear repository
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needs of China and India will be entirely met by efficiency and renewables?

The tech is realistic – basis is robust

Frye 8 ~Copyright (c) 2008 Energy Bar Association Energy Law Journal  2008  
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of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), p. lexis~ 

Other scientists have been exploring thorium as a possible fuel for nuclear reactors, and
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to build a 300-MW thorium-fueled reactor by 2020. n346-http://www.lexisnexis.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/lnacui2api/frame.do?reloadEntirePage=true%26rand=1346077134128%26returnToKey=20_T15391597731%26parent=docview%26target=results_DocumentContent%26tokenKey=rsh-20.518165.5373389078

Comprehensive international data proves the plan is feasible

Allen, 09 ~Leslie Allen is a writer in Washington for the Washington Post, If Nuclear Power Has a More Promising Future ... Seth Grae Wants to Be the One Leading the Charge, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/24/AR2009072401847_5.html
And what if the technology had already gotten positive reviews from the American Nuclear Society
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seems, but one: How come no one’s heard of this technology? 

No tech obstacles to thorium reactors — government support overcomes any issues.

Kazimi, ’2

~Mujid, American Scientist, "Thorium Fuel for Nuclear Energy,"
http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/id.884,y.0,no.,content.true,page.1,css.print/issue.aspx~
Even with a whole-assembly seed-and-blanket core, where each
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find widespread application, should policymakers push the nuclear industry in that direction.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

XO

Links to politics—reactions to orders no different than legislation—opinions won’t change and Congress will still backlash

Moe and Howell ’99 (Terry M. Moe and William G. Howell, Stanford political science professor and Hoover Institution fellow and PhD. student, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4, Dec, pp. 850-872, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27552053)
Congress is made up of hundreds of members, each a political entrepreneur in her
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result, be able to defend or promote its institutional power very effectively.

Legislation is key to solve modeling

Fairley 7
~Peter Fairley. "Cleaner Nuclear Power?" Technology Review. Published by MIT. Nov. 27, 2007. http://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/19758/~~
Nuclear watchdogs say that Thorium Power’s technology has real potential. Moreover, they say
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congressional action is needed to overcome resistance within the DOE to exploring thorium.

XO’s aren’t durable – and court overrules

- Rodgers ’1 (William H. Rodgers Jr., Professor of Environmental Law, University of Washington, 2001 ("Executive Orders and Presidential Commands: Presidents Riding to the Rescue of the Environment – Journal of Land, Resources, %26 Environmental Law) p. lexis

Despite its advantages, the executive order also has a welladvertised downside. It is
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but assures that objections will be framed as an offense to constitutional boundaries.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

SMR CP

Proliferation risk with SMRs – enables countries with high prolif risk to get nuclear energy

Moor 12 (Mr. Phillip O. Moor P.E., Consultant in nuclear technology, licensing, and business structuring and former Director of Project Management at GPU Nuclear, Chair of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) President’s Special Committee on SMR Licensing Issues, "Small Modular Reactor Panel Discussion  Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee", Summary Prepared by Derek Updegraff, Rebecca Lordan, Pierce Corden Dirksen-­‐366  May 9, 2012, http://cstsp.aaas.org/files/SummaryFinalSMR.pdf)
Moor¶ also¶ discussed¶ one¶ of¶ the¶ downsides¶ of
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or¶ reprocessing¶ outside¶ the¶ country¶ of¶ concern.

SMR expansion offsets IAEA oversight resources—turns prolif

Dr. Edwin Lyman 11, Senior Scientist, Global Security Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, July 14, 2011, Testimony Before the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, "An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors"

The distributed deployment of small reactors would also put great strains on existing licensing and
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of SMRs around the world would be difficult, if feasible at all.
UCS believes that SMRs are only suitable for deployment where there is an established infrastructure
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not expect that small modular reactors will provide any relief in this regard.

SMR incentives send the nuclear power industry down a costly, dead-end road.

Daryan, 2012. (January 3^rd, 2012. http://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/ca/part-10-smallreactors-mass-prod/-http://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/ca/part-10-smallreactors-mass-prod/ "Part 10 – Small modular reactors and mass production options
") RCM
So there are a host of practical factors in favour smaller reactors. But what’s
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be slower to build (initially anyway) and probably more expensive too.

Cleanup is harder and more expensive which means no adoption

Makhijani %26 Boyd 2010 (IEER Institute of energy and environmental research http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf-http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf) JA
Proponents claim that with longer operation on a single fuel charge and with less ¶
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kilowatt ¶ ¶ of capacity than faced by present-day aboveground reactors.¶ 

Cleanup is harder and more expensive which means no adoption

Makhijani %26 Boyd 2010 (IEER Institute of energy and environmental research http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf-http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf) JA
Proponents claim that with longer operation on a single fuel charge and with less ¶
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kilowatt ¶ ¶ of capacity than faced by present-day aboveground reactors.¶ 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

2AC Heidegger

1. Permutation do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alternative – heidegger concedes calculative thinking is inevitable – if the alternative can justify it’s calculated rejection of certain forms of thinking then there’s no reason it excludes the affirmative. We are a productive form of calculative thinking that is intended to preserve life for ontological examination

Buckley 89
(R. Philip.; McGill university; "Rationality and Responsibility in Heidegger’s and Husserl’s View of Technology," 1989, http://ulla.mcgill.ca/arts150/arts150r3.htm)

At the root of Heidegger’s understanding of technology is the fundamental distinction between "calculative
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" are plausible translations of Heidegger’s basic characterization of contemplative though as Gelassenheit.

Our impacts are true and outweigh the K—our ontological approach to the world is valid and the alt dooms us to endless questioning

Owen 2 ~David Owen, Reader of Political Theory at the Univ. of Southampton,  Millennium Vol 31 No 3 2002 p. 655-7~
Commenting on the ’philosophical turn’ in IR, Wæver remarks that ’~a~
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the first and second dangers, and so a potentially vicious circle arises.

Survival is a prerequisite to evaluating ontology – you can’t relate to the world without being in the world.

Robbins 99 (Brent Dean Robbins, doctoral student in clinical psychology @ Duquesne University.  "Medard Boss," http://mythosandlogos.com/Boss.html)
Medicine, deriving its foundations from Descartes, begins with an understanding of a split
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thing, I am in-the-world as a embodied being. 

4. We outweigh – short term risk of aff impacts outweighs potential for the K’s political violence impacts. No uniqueness on any of the K’s ontological violence claims means you have no reason to preference those impacts in your decision calculus.

5. Permutation solves best. The solution must arise from the technology that created the problem – the plan and alt function together to restore the world.

Beckman 2k ~Tad: Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Humanities and Social Sciences at Harvey Mudd College, "Martin Heidegger and Environmental Ethics," http://www2.hmc.edu/~~tbeckman/personal/Heidart.html~~.

While we may now glimpse something of the human essence and the legitimate role of
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grants  and our trust in it?" ~{~7~, p. 35~}

6. The Alt is bad politics  —

Thiele 3 – Professor of Political Science at the University of Florida – 2003 ~Leslie Paul, "The Ethics and Politics of Narrative," Foucalt and Heidegger: Critical Encounters, editors – Rosenberg and Milchman~

The complementarity of Heidegger’s and Foucault’s accounts of modern demons and saving graces should
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capable of supplying us with the resources for sound moral and political judgment.

7. Their criticism of humanism is a passive form of politics that culminates in mass death.

Bookchin 95, Founder of the Institute for Social Ecology and Former Professor at Ramapo College, 1995 (Murray, Re-enchanting Humanity, p. 168-170)

"Insofar as Heidegger can be said to have had a project to shape human
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-living people who were put to death by the National Socialist state.

Turn – The alternative’s rejection of pragmatism makes extinction inevitable. Our evidence subsumes theirs — the threat of extinction does justify action.

Santoni 1985 ~Ronald E. Santoni, Phil. Prof @ Denison, 1985, Nuclear War, ed. Fox and Groarke, p. 156-7~
To be sure, Fox sees the need for our undergoing "certain fundamental changes
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wll ultimate violence be removed as the final arbiter of our planet’s fate. 

9. Alt leads to extinction

Hicks 3, Professor and chair of philosophy at Queens College of the CUNY, 2003 (Steven V., "Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Foucault: Nihilism and Beyond," Foucault and Heidegger: Critical Encounters, Ed. Alan Milchman and Alan Rosenberg, p. 109, Questia)

Why a "philosophical shock"? The answer, in part, may be
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be "our only chance to keep from extinguishing life on earth altogether."  

10. Heidegger wasn’t a Nazi in spite of his philosophy, he was a Nazi because of his ontology first approach. Heidegger elevated Nazi politics as an ontic political engagement that opened up possibilities of ontological revelation. It was the willingness to sacrifice anything to the ontological that necessarily privileges fascist control and "pure" communities.

Zizek 99, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Sciences in Ljubljana, 1999 (Slavoj, The Ticklish Subject, p. 13-15)
Apropos of this precise point, I myself run into my first trouble with
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ontic engage¬ment, any ontic engagement is depreciated, loses its authentic dignity.

====11. The abstraction of ontological openness trades off with the practical analysis of concrete phenomena – this inevitably results in an unreflective engagement with death that creates the conditions for totalitarianism and world war====
Wenning 2 ~Mario, "Heidegger and Adorno: Opening up Grounds for a Dialogue" GNOSIS, Vol. IV No. 1. Associate Professor of History @ Concordia. http://alcor.concordia.ca/~~gnosis/vol_vi/Heidegger_Adorno.pdf-http://alcor.concordia.ca/~gnosis/vol_vi/Heidegger_Adorno.pdf~~
The promise to carry out an existential analysis, Adorno argues, remain unfulfilled in
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regimes not just of the second but also of the first world war.

====Zimmerman agrees – Heidegger’s Nazism is deeply problematic and requires us to rethink modernity rather than reject it outright. Revolutionary politics is preferable to a Heideggerian alternative.====
Zimmerman 8 ~Michael E., "My Way to Integral Thinking: An integral ecologist’s personal and philosophical confrontation with modernity" EnlightenNext Magazine, Dec 8 – Feb 9.~
Marcuse offered no plausible alternative to the industrial and technological "system," but it
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to my father could I truly integrate the debt I owed to modernity.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

U-233 doesn’t work either

Hargraves 12 ~Robert, study leader for energy policy at Dartmouth ILEAD, chief information officer at Boston Scientific Corporation, Graduate of Brown University (PhD in Physics)~ Thorium: Energy Cheaper Than Coal. p. 338-343
The liquid fluoride thorium reactor is proliferation resistant.¶ LFTR requires fissile material to be
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lead to sustainable populations, reducing the¶ potential for wars over resources.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Election

Romney wins now – national tracking polls, economy

Washington Post 10/25
"Post-ABC tracking poll: Romney 50 percent, Obama 47" http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2012/10/25/post-abc-tracking-poll-romney-50-percent-obama-47/
Republican Mitt Romney has edged ahead of President Obama in the new Washington Post-
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weeks ago, Obama had a nine-point lead on the question.

Romney winning now – momentum in swing states, national polls

The Hill 10/26
"Romney holds national poll lead, but key swing states favor Obama" http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/polls/264369-romney-holds-national-poll-lead-but-key-swing-states-favor-obama
National tracking polls showed Mitt Romney maintaining a lead over President Obama on Friday even
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in Ohio, one point in Colorado and tied with Romney in Virginia.

Plan popular – economic and climate outweigh safety

Gallup 12
(Frank Newport staff writer gallup; March 26, 2012; Americans Still Favor Nuclear Power a Year After Fukushima; http://www.gallup.com/poll/153452/americans-favor-nuclear-power-year-fukushima.aspx)
The catastrophic failure of the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan last year, coupled
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supportive if the industry does decide to build new plants in the future.

The plan creates jobs in key swing states — boosts reelection probability.

Korte, 4-27-12
~Gregory, USA Today, "Politics stands in the way of nuclear plant’s future," http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/story/2012-04-13/usec-centrifuges-loan-guarantees/54560118/1~~
. USEC estimates the project at its peak will generate 3,158 jobs in
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benefit from the 7,442 jobs the company says would be created.

The debates and labor statistics will determine the election

Lombardo, 9/12/12 - Global CEO, StrategyOne (Steve, "Why This Election Comes Down to Two Days in October," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-lombardo/election-monitor-why-this_b_1877815.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-lombardo/election-monitor-why-this_b_1877815.html)

Several national polls released this week show that President Obama received a small but meaningful
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8 percent — it may pretty much secure an Obama victory in November.

Reverse NIMBY effect – the more reactors available the more the public likes them

Frye 8
(Roland M. Frye, Jr — practiced in the field of federal energy regulation for thirty-one years, in both the public and private sectors, and has served for the last sixteen years as the Senior Attorney in the Office of Commission Appellate Adjudication of the NRC; "THE CURRENT "NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE" IN THE UNITED STATES, ITS UNDERLYING REASONS, AND ITS POTENTIAL PITFALLS"; 29 Energy L. J. 279)

Support for the plant also seems to be growing statewide, according to the group’s
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n464 and to between 20% and 26% in August 2007. n465

Energy not key to the elections.

Davidson, 12—co-founder of NPR’s Planet Money
(Adam Davidson, co-founder of NPR’s Planet Money a radio series heard on "Morning Edition," "All Things Considered" and "This American Life.", March 27, 2012, The New York Times, "The Real Oil Shock",  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/magazine/rising-gas-prices-dont-actually-affect-americans-behavior.html?_r=1)
In other words, Americans may protest loudly, but their economic behavior indicates a
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of our lives, we have done a remarkable job of hiding it.
 

Impact empirically denied and rhetoric doesn’t spill over

Ozdal, 10/6/12 ~Habibe Ozdal USAK Center for Eurasian Studies, Russian-American Relations during Obama’s Term: Cyclical Convergence The Journal of Turkish Weekly, http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3669/russian-american-relations-during-obama%C3%ADs-term-cyclical-convergence.html-http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3669/russian-american-relations-during-obama%C3%ADs-term-cyclical-convergence.html~~
In the late years of George W. Bush’s second term, Russian-American
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system may end up with an environment of vehement competition between the two.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Contention 1: Abjection and Loss

Legal framing and stereotypes force American Indians to internalize two equally dangerous representations – those of the "noble savage" and "fierce savage" who owns casinos and plays fast and loose with the law – these images pre-frame decision making vis-a-vie American Indians.

Tsosie 10
(Rebecca – (Yaqui) Sandra Day O’Conner College of Law, Arizona State University; "Indians %26 Energy"; ed Sherry L. Smith and Brian Frehner; School for Advanced Research Press. P. 263-4)

Speaking at a conference on cultural sovereignty at the Arizona State¶ University College of
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develop will¶ determine our collective destiny on the lands that sustain us.

Self-determined energy policy is critical to the operation of sovereign states. Indian nations must have the decision-making power to build non-Western forms of development that balance cultural preservation with economic development. This presents an opportunity for resistance to the calcified notions of identity by demonstrating an identity outside of the dangerous binary.

Tsosie 10
(Rebecca – (Yaqui) Sandra Day O’Conner College of Law, Arizona State University; "Indians %26 Energy"; ed Sherry L. Smith and Brian Frehner; School for Advanced Research Press. P. 276-8)

For this reason, some commentators believe that tribal economic¶ development is necessarily at
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to illuminate the¶ human rights consequences of domestic and international energy policy.

That dual characterization of the Indian as provided two sets of violent encounters with the Indian other. The "noble savage" is the abject which the American subject defines itself in opposition to. Encounters with the abject have historically necessitated its elimination. Encounters with the "fierce savage" mandate domination and slavery to contain it.

Aldama 1
(Arturo J. – Prof Ethnic Studies University of Colorado Boulder; "Disrupting Savagism; Intersecting Chicana/o, Mexican Immigrant, and Native American Struggles for Sel-Representation"; Duke UP; p. 14-6)
By contrast, the Dominican bishop of Chiapas, Bartolome de Las Casas,¶ a
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century (an issue¶ I discuss in greater detail in chapter 4).

The defining of an American subject in opposition to the abject "noble savage" writes more than just Indians into oppression. The constitution of the American subject ensures that it will only ever be white and male.

Bergland 2k 
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 16-7
For the most part, The National Uncanny focuses on ghosts of Native Americans.
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and obsession. This is the dynamic that pushes America’s noncitizens into uncanniness.

The condition of utopian projects is failure: to compensate our psyches must produce a scapegoat to blame our failure to reach utopia. All excesses and failures condense into the image of the scapegoat. For our psyches to be satisfied the scapegoat must be eliminated necessitating genocide. The "greedy casino owner" image is where the excesses of American capitalism and colonialism can be dumped onto American Indians.

Stavrakakis 99 ~Yannis, Teaching Fellow in the Dept of Govt at the Univ of Essex %26 Dir of the MA Prog in Ideology and Discourse Analysis, Lacan and the Political, 99-105~
Our age is clearly an age of social fragmentation, political disenchantment and open cynicism
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never actually filled in 99 different ways (seminar of 21 November 1962). 

Contention 2: Domestic Dependent Nations

The status of Indian Tribes as domestic dependent nations codifies the dual character of the American subject: one that is colonial through the continuing legacy of manifest destiny and one that is anti-colonial as a product of revolution.

Bergland 2k 
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 12-4)
One scholar who does share my fascination with the compelling pleasures of hauntedness is Julia
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Fiedler tells us, "all of us seem men possessed."20¶

The dual character of the American subject has created a fantasy of rationality and superiority over the abject Indian. This fantasy is unstable and relies on a national obsession with symbolic Indians which don’t exist.

Bergland 2k 
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 14-6)
While Fiedler describes Americans as men in love with their own madness (which takes
AND
which American subjects continually return to the Native American figures who haunt them. 

This makes extinction inevitable – nuclear technology has enabled the conditions for our unconscious death drive to break through the cracks in our fantasy and punish those who have broken it – this coupled with the breakdown of the fantasy rationality which sustains belief in deterrence makes nuclear use inevitable.

Themi 8 ~Themi Deakin University 2008 Tim Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 4.1-2http:www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/96/192-http://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/96/192~~
For to circle in too close to the Thing which is ethically forbidden by our
AND
return, as return of excess, are yielding our most tragic problems.

Plan

Thus, Ben and I affirm that restrictions that allow the Secretary of the Interior to block production of wind and/or solar energy in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements should end.

Solvency

We don’t pretend that the plan ends the only restriction on tribal sovereignty – but energy development and control is a major component of that – easing TERA restrictions makes it an agreement between two sovereigns.

Hendershot 8—a columnist for the Smoky Mountain News and a freelance writer living in the mountains of Western North Carolina next to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians’ Qualla Boundary (Don, Between Two Sovereigns, http://www.drinkerbiddle.com/Templates/media/files/news/2008/paul-moorehead-talks-tera-with-native-american-journal.pdf)

TERAs were devised to cut through the red tape and streamline the process by which
AND
local sovereign, the Indian tribe itself. In the old days, these

Advocating for Native renewable energy development is necessary to create epistemological fissures that can begin to rectify historical traumas of energy exploitation

Powell and Curley 9—Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Appalachian State—AND—Researcher, Diné Policy Institute, Navajo Nation (Dana and Andrew, K’e, Hozhó, and Non-governmental Politics on the Navajo Nation: Ontologies of Difference Manifest in Environmental Activism, http://www.ram-wan.net/documents/05_e_Journal/journal-4/5-powell.pdf)FLD=Fundamental-http://www.ram-wan.net/documents/05_e_Journal/journal-4/5-powell.pdf)FLD=Fundamental Laws of the Dine

In this paper, we explore how non-governmental political action on the Navajo
AND
such as the debate over existing and proposed development projects. And the sides

In order to form ethical relations with the other we must form relations with the other within us. For the American psyche this entails understanding how it is constituted based on the contradicting colonial impulses and how this has grafted the Indians into the American identity and territory.

Oliver 93
(Kelly— Vanderbilt; "Reading Kristeva: unraveling the double-bind" p. 149-50)
Strangers to Ourselves is about how we can live with difference. As early as
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which the other name is our radical strangeness." (1989, 290)

Prefer our method—it’s historically accurate in the context of politics—analyzing the social without desire produces serial policy failure because it doesn’t account for ethical forms of violence

McGowan 4 ~Todd, Assoc Prof in Film Studies @ UVM, "The End of Dissatisfaction?" p 4-6~

Psychoanalysis, however, calls into question the idea that we primarily act on behalf
AND
past, to traditional values, will necessarily be mediated by the present.

And, tying to the particularities of the status quo as they occur in with regards to Indians to the universal of ideology allows us to interrogate the point at which ideological lines meet, creating an opportunity to untie the ideological knot

Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1999
(Slavoj, The Ticklish Subject, page 175-176, gjm)
Ridiculous as this notion of the ’typical’ may sound, there is a grain of
AND
reason, psychoanalysis actually does cure by addressing the sinthome. . . .

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Ben and I affirm that restrictions that allow the Secretary of the Interior to block production of wind and/or solar energy in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements should end.  

The United States Federal Government should end restrictions that allow the Secretary of the Interior to block production of wind and/or solar energy in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements.  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

THE PLAN:

The United States Federal Government should exempt solar energy production crowdfunding projects from Securities and Exchange Commission and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority compliance for energy production in the United States.

ADVANTAGE ONE: ENERGY POVERTY

Conventional Financing is not available for small scale solar projects

MONTGOMERY 2013 (James – Associate Editor Renewable Energy World — , Mosaic Plans Crowdfunding for Solar Projects, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/01/mosaic-plants-crowdfunding-flag-for-solar-projects-http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/01/mosaic-plants-crowdfunding-flag-for-solar-projects) KEN:-) 

Right now there is a very limited number of equity players, specialized banks or
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%24100,000 rooftop solar plant the transaction costs are too high."

Status Quo Energy Policy makes solar inaccessible – Accessible solar necessary to alleviate poverty

Rheannon 11(Francesca, degrees from UWM in History, American U in Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst in Counseling,  University of Connecticut in Social Work, Solar Power To The People, CSRWire Talkback, 4/26/2011 http://goo.gl/j0Te9
stroud)

Jones was making the point that the high cost of solar power means "wealthy
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suit. That’s a kind of trickle-up economics that benefits all.

Energy poverty is the worst kind of poverty. Solar Key to Solve

Walsh.  2011.  Brian Walsh – Senior Science Writer TIME magazines, "The Worst Kind of Poverty: Energy Poverty," Time Magazine, October 11, 2011. – M.E.
"Lacking access to electricity affects health, well-being and income," says
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can do is wake up to the fact that everyone deserves a light.

Maintaining Status-Quo financial structures is an act of structural violence – outweighs other impacts

Abu-Jamal 1998, Mumia, a former reporter, A Quiet and Deadly Violence, http://www.flashpoints.net/mQuietDeadlyViolence.html

It has often been observed that America is a truly violent nation, as shown
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This fatal and systematic violence may be called The War on the Poor. 

US Securities law is modeled globally

CAL-CAP 2007 (magazine of the California society of certified public accountants; http://www.calcpa.org/Content/24630.aspx)Ken:)**
 Because there are multiple sets of standards, the timetables are not necessarily the
AND
its way to converging financial reporting, auditing and ethics standards by 2009.

Crowdfunding distributed solar in the poorer parts of the planet is key to solving the suffering of billions of people

GUAY 2013 (Justin — Washington Representative for the Sierra Club, "Social Bankability" http://www.huffingtonpost.com/justin-guay/social-bankability-solar-_b_2440626.html?utm_hp_ref=tw-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/justin-guay/social-bankability-solar-_b_2440626.html?utm_hp_ref=tw, 1/13/13)ken

But the real opportunity for crowdfunders lies with distributed solar in emerging markets where the
AND
a foundation of social bankability by disruptive innovators like solar crowdfunders, do.

Obsession with short-time frame impacts obscures ongoing violence that doesn’t fit neatly within conventional temporal frames

Nixon 10 (Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pp 1-14)
When Lawrence Summers, then president of the World Bank, advocated thai the bank
AND
how our rhetorical conventions for bracketing violence routinely ignore ongoing, belated casualties.

ADVANTAGE TWO: DEMOCRATIC FINANCING

Solar Crowdfunding is critical for democratized financing and participation in electricity production

Toronto Star 2012 (12/22/12, "social finance being tapped for clean energy)ken

Banks? Venture capitalists? Private-equity investors?¶ Bah%21 Who needs them
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simply aren’t set up to mobilize the masses for this kind of investment.

A small number of profit driven elites control status quo energy – democratic financing changes this power dynamic

Hoffman and Pippert 5 ~Steven M. Hoffman, PhD, Professor of Political Science at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Angela High-Pippert, PhD, Director of Women’s Studies at the University of St. Thomas, and serves on the ACTC Women’s Studies Coordinating Committee, "Community Energy: A Social Architecture for an Alternative Energy Future", Bulletin of Science Technology %26 Society 2005 25: 387~

The evolution of the industrialized world’s electrical system represents one of the great technological achievements
AND
fuel cells continue to be a promising alternative¶ (Sawin, 2004).

Elite control of energy leads to violence that is the cause of the neg’s disads.

Champain 11 ~Phil, Director of Programs at the peacebuilding NGO International Alert, "Changing energy provision – a peacebuilding opportunity?", January~
Consider the conflict management challenges inherent within the system of energy provision based on oil
AND
lead to violence and instability, inhibiting development and security for vulnerable communities.

Emancipatory finance requires reduced restrictions on Crowd-Funding

DEY %26 MARTI 2012  (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, "’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)
Part III The Research Project: Crowdfunding as Alternative Ordering Practice? Project Description ¶
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place outside of power and do not engender an authentic space of freedom.

Crowdfunding liberates the social from neoliberalism only if government regulations are kept out of the natural unfolding of events. To unpack Civil Society, Allow it to roam free without thingification.

DEY %26 MARTI 2012 (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, "’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)

„Civil society‟, a term which to this day has remained elusive for most
AND
‟ is thingified (i.e. made appear as an essence). 

The process of fixing and knowing is thingification – these patterns of rhetorical domination are the same as the patterns that move colonized bodies to non-beings and results in perpetual violence.

Bogues 2012 (A. "And what about the human? Freedom, Human emancipation, and the radical imagination" Boundry 2, 39:3)ken:-) ohhh you got turned%21
Aimé Césaire puts all of this very well when he writes that the colonial encounter
AND
practices of freedom. So it is to that question we now turn.

Neoliberal Commodification makes human extinction inevitable through the destruction of democracy and human ethics

Boaventura de Souza Santos, Professor of Sociology at the University of Coimbra, Collective Suicide?, http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/opiniao/bss/072en.php 2003

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
AND
machine of democracy and liberty turns into a machine of horror and destruction.

Our methodological approach to the resolution vis-à-vis democratization of crowdfunding is the starting point for reimagining the social

DEY %26 MARTI 2012 (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, "’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)

We approach the nexus of crowdfunding and power by not locating the latter in a
AND
in which the analysis is carried will become a matter of mutual negotiation. 

Democratization of the financial sector is critical to solve serial economic failure – our reimagining of the social and its relation to finance spills over to broader social change and solves

Hardt %26 Negri 12 (Michael – Prof Comparative Lit Duke; Antonio – Italian terrorist; "Declaration")
Banks. In order to realize the constituent principles and ¶ inalienable rights of the
AND
production, reproduction, and distribution ¶ of social wealth through democratic participation. 

Solvency

Implementation of the JOBS ACT is at a standstill – lobbyists are gumming up the works and regulator’s are overburdening crowd-funding provisions

GUPTA 2012 (Udayan, "Dodd-Frank Lobbysists Delaying JOBS act implementation", Institutional Investor, 10/12, l/n)ken

Implementation of the JOBS Act, which President Barack Obama -http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezp.lib.rochester.edu/lnacui2api/search/XMLCrossLinkSearch.do?bct=A%26risb=21_T16486690507%26returnToId=20_T16486880758%26csi=318073%26A=0.6615065389590501%26sourceCSI=9369%26indexTerm=%23PE0009TJP%23%26searchTerm=Barack%20Obama%20%26indexType=Psaid would jumpstart start-
AND
Dodd-Frank, they also will keep holding up the JOBS Act.

AND, S.E.C. Restrictions are too burdensome and unrepresentative of the commons – Change is needed to create an open community financing network

Cunningham ’13 (William M — D.C.-based economist and social investing advisor, 1/15/13, http://www.sec.gov/comments/jobs-title-iii/jobstitleiii-200.htm)sam-http://www.sec.gov/comments/jobs-title-iii/jobstitleiii-200.htm)sam m.

In about six months, the beleaguered Securities and Exchange Commission will put forward rules
AND
doesnt take longer and make this more complicated than it needs to be.

FINRA restrictions further delay by an additional year

Washington Post 2012 (11/19/12, Deadline Approaching)ken
Meanwhile, the SEC rules aren’t the last remaining hurdle. The JOBS Act also
AND
entrepreneurs. "We’re ready for a good long wait," Rowe said.

Our Crowdfunding exemption will result in a wave of funding for solar projects

BRADFORD 2012 (C. Steven – Prof Securities Law University Nebraska-Lincoln, "Crowdfunding and the federal securities laws", 2012 Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 1, Columbia Business Law Review)ken
A crowdfunding exemption would undoubtedly facilitate capital formation. Very small businesses, particularly startups
AND
risks. The net effect on investors could, therefore, be positive.

Delays require congressional action to move crowdfunding forward –restrictions just increase the cost of crowdfunding and prevents investment

QUINN 2012 (Daniel – consultant and author. Cnn ireport staff, 12/27/12, "The SEC is holding up Crowdfunding Platforms approved through the jobs act" http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-902680)ken:)

When The Jobs Act became law in April business owners and entrepreneurs were supposed to
AND
a year would be able to participate in funding businesses throughout the country.

PLAN SOLVES INEQUALITY

GUAY 2013 (Justin, "Social Bankability" http://www.huffingtonpost.com/justin-guay/social-bankability-solar-_b_2440626.html?utm_hp_ref=tw-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/justin-guay/social-bankability-solar-_b_2440626.html?utm_hp_ref=tw, 1/13/13)ken
If we are going to avoid the worst impacts of climate change we need disruptive
AND
U.S. clean energy leadership and not a moment too soon.

Solar allows the decentralization of power sources

Behles ’12 (Deborah, law prof and clinical attorney at Golden Gate U, "An Integrated Green Urban Electrical Grid," 36 Wm. %26 Mary Envtl. L. %26 Pol’y Rev. 671)

The energy grid structure that most commonly still exists in urban areas, even the
AND
environments away from their fossil-fuel dependence to a new urban grid. 

The critical potential of the affirmative is only realized if we are not judged a-priori – failure to identify different types of crowdfunding effects make critique static and ineffective

DEY %26 MARTI 2012 (Pascal, University of St. Gallen, Laurent, Univ of St. Gallen, Democratization, Marketization, and the Thrid Sector ISTR, 10th International Confernece, July 10013, 2012, University of Siena, Italy 1, "’Civil Society’ and the Need to Zoom In – Enacting the Socail through Crowdfunding)ken:-)

Concluding Remarks ¶ In this paper we have discussed some of the shortcomings associated with
AND
valuable insights in the pursuit of a critical research agenda of the social. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Contention 1: Abjection and Loss

First is the image of the "fierce savage" - Current legal framing and stereotypes of enforce two equally dangerous representations, the first of which is the "fierce savage" who owns casinos and plays fast and loose with the law – these images pre-frame decision making vis-à-vis American Indians.

Tsosie 10
(Rebecca – (Yaqui) Sandra Day O’Conner College of Law, Arizona State University; "Indians %26 Energy"; ed Sherry L. Smith and Brian Frehner; School for Advanced Research Press. P. 263-4)

Speaking at a conference on cultural sovereignty at the Arizona State¶ University College of
AND
develop will¶ determine our collective destiny on the lands that sustain us.

Second is the "noble savage" – The patronizing image of American Indians as land-loving hippies created the American Indian as the abject– the perverse underside of the sophisticated, urbane American identity that needed to be repressed and eliminated. Historical encounters with America’s abjected other have led to objectification and genocide.

Aldama 1
(Arturo J. – Prof Ethnic Studies University of Colorado Boulder; "Disrupting Savagism; Intersecting Chicana/o, Mexican Immigrant, and Native American Struggles for Sel-Representation"; Duke UP; p. 14-6)
By contrast, the Dominican bishop of Chiapas, Bartolome de Las Casas,¶ a
AND
century (an issue¶ I discuss in greater detail in chapter 4).

The defining of an American subject in opposition to the abject "noble savage" writes more than just Indians into oppression. The constitution of the American subject has all but eliminated the Native as its perverse underside. Absent an ethical intervention, the continuing process of abjection ensures that America will only ever define the social ideal as white and male, thereby eliminating all other identities.

Bergland 2k 
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 16-7
For the most part, The National Uncanny focuses on ghosts of Native Americans.
AND
and obsession. This is the dynamic that pushes America’s noncitizens into uncanniness.

The colonization of Indian is the fuel that sustains American empire – attempts to include abjected and objected voices within the framework of American empire only serve to misdirect us from our ultimate task – the consideration of Indiannes is a prior question.

Jodi Byrd, 2011
Assc Pf of English and American Indian Studies, U of IL, TRANSIT OF EMPIRE: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism, 2011, UNIV OF MINN press, http://site.ebrary.com/id/10502056

There is more than one way to frame the concerns of The Transit of¶
AND
queers, racial minorities, and immigrants¶ into complicity with settler colonialism.

The condition of utopian projects like the quest for a stable American identity is failure: to stabilize, our psyches must produce a scapegoat onto which we project our frustration in failing to achieve utopia. For our psyches to be satisfied our failures must be externalized onto the scapegoat, and then eliminated, necessitating genocide. The "greedy casino owner" image is where the excesses of American capitalism and colonialism can be dumped onto American Indians.

Stavrakakis 99 ~Yannis, Teaching Fellow in the Dept of Govt at the Univ of Essex %26 Dir of the MA Prog in Ideology and Discourse Analysis, Lacan and the Political, 99-105~
Our age is clearly an age of social fragmentation, political disenchantment and open cynicism
AND
never actually filled in 99 different ways (seminar of 21 November 1962). 

Contention 2: Domestic Dependent Nations

The status of Indian Tribes as domestic dependent nations codifies the dual character of the American subject: one that is colonialist through the continuing legacy of manifest destiny and one that is anti-colonialist as a product of revolution.  Much like tribes within American borders, the abject Native must remain repressed within the psyche to maintain the coherence of the subject’s identity.

Bergland 2k 
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 12-4)
One scholar who does share my fascination with the compelling pleasures of hauntedness is Julia
AND
Fiedler tells us, "all of us seem men possessed."20¶

And, the split generates violence. The dual character of the American subject has created a fantasy of rationality and superiority over the abject Indian. This fantasy is unstable and relies on a national obsession with symbolically condensed Indians, which do not exist.

Bergland 2k 
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 14-6)
While Fiedler describes Americans as men in love with their own madness (which takes
AND
which American subjects continually return to the Native American figures who haunt them. 

And, American psychosis makes extinction inevitable – nuclear technology has enabled the conditions for our unconscious death drive to break through the cracks in our fantasy and punish those who have broken it – this makes nuclear use inevitable.

Themi 8 ~Themi Deakin University 2008 Tim Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 4.1-2http:www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/96/192-http://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/96/192~~
For to circle in too close to the Thing which is ethically forbidden by our
AND
return, as return of excess, are yielding our most tragic problems.

Plan

Thus, Ben and I affirm that restrictions that allow the Secretary of the Interior to block production of wind and/or solar energy in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements should end.

Solvency

Energy development is critical to Tribal Sovereignty – easing TERA restrictions makes it an agreement between two sovereigns.

Hendershot 8—a columnist for the Smoky Mountain News and a freelance writer living in the mountains of Western North Carolina next to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians’ Qualla Boundary (Don, Between Two Sovereigns, http://www.drinkerbiddle.com/Templates/media/files/news/2008/paul-moorehead-talks-tera-with-native-american-journal.pdf)

TERAs were devised to cut through the red tape and streamline the process by which
AND
local sovereign, the Indian tribe itself. In the old days, these

Self-determined energy policy solves – the plan is critical to resistance of calcified identity binaries that reify colonial exploitation of American Indians.

Tsosie 10
(Rebecca – (Yaqui) Sandra Day O’Conner College of Law, Arizona State University; "Indians %26 Energy"; ed Sherry L. Smith and Brian Frehner; School for Advanced Research Press. P. 276-8)

For this reason, some commentators believe that tribal economic¶ development is necessarily at
AND
to illuminate the¶ human rights consequences of domestic and international energy policy.

And ethics is the basis of politics - advocating for Native renewable energy development is necessary to create epistemological fissures that can begin to rectify historical traumas of energy exploitation. Vote aff to ethically remedy the historical trauma committed against Native populations.

Powell and Curley 9—Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Appalachian State—AND—Researcher, Diné Policy Institute, Navajo Nation (Dana and Andrew, K’e, Hozhó, and Non-governmental Politics on the Navajo Nation: Ontologies of Difference Manifest in Environmental Activism, http://www.ram-wan.net/documents/05_e_Journal/journal-4/5-powell.pdf)FLD=Fundamental-http://www.ram-wan.net/documents/05_e_Journal/journal-4/5-powell.pdf)FLD=Fundamental Laws of the Dine

In this paper, we explore how non-governmental political action on the Navajo
AND
such as the debate over existing and proposed development projects. And the sides

And, ethics comes first – our aff is a prerequisite to ethical relations with the other – we must analyze the foundations of the American subject in order to tear down its colonial legacy and rebuild our psyches without leveling difference. Affirming an ethic of cohabitation instead of absorption stops the cycle of genocidal violence necessitated by status quo political relations.

Oliver 93
(Kelly— Vanderbilt; "Reading Kristeva: unraveling the double-bind" p. 149-50)
Strangers to Ourselves is about how we can live with difference. As early as
AND
which the other name is our radical strangeness." (1989, 290)

Prefer our method—it’s historically accurate in the context of politics—analyzing the social without desire produces serial policy failure because it doesn’t account for ethical forms of violence

McGowan 4 ~Todd, Assoc Prof in Film Studies @ UVM, "The End of Dissatisfaction?" p 4-6~

Psychoanalysis, however, calls into question the idea that we primarily act on behalf
AND
past, to traditional values, will necessarily be mediated by the present.

And, tying to the particularities of the status quo as they occur in with regards to Indians to the universal of ideology allows us to interrogate the point at which ideological lines meet, creating an opportunity to untie the ideological knot

Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1999
(Slavoj, The Ticklish Subject, page 175-176, gjm)
Ridiculous as this notion of the ’typical’ may sound, there is a grain of
AND
reason, psychoanalysis actually does cure by addressing the sinthome. . . .

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Newest studies say you’re wrong—-medical advances have proven psychoanalysis correct, falsifiable, and scientific

Heather A. Berlin 9 is an American neuroscientist focusing on brain-behavior relationships affecting the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders AND Christof Koch "Defense Mechanisms: Neuroscience Meets Psychoanalysis" April 13 Scientific American www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=neuroscience-meets-psychoanalysis
Advances in technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging permit scientists to directly measure brain
AND
by Freud—who was, after all, a neuroscientist by training.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Thus, Ben and I affirm that restrictions that allow the Secretary of the Interior to block production of coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, wind power and solar power in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements should end.  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Definitional support –

Resolved is to reduce by mental analysis - Random House 11

(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolve-http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolve)
to reduce by mental analysis (often followed by into  ). 

Before the colon

Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2k http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm-http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can stand by itself. Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on… If the introductory phrase preceding the colon is very brief and the clause following the colon represents the real business of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter. 

Should indicates desirability - OED 11

(http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/should?region=us)
 modal verb (3rd sing. should)

 1used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically when criticizing someone’s
AND
) used to give advice: I should hold out if I were you

4. We’ve got a few impact turns that act as net benefits to our interpretation

a. interpassivity – USFG focus distances the question of personal ethics and our relationship to institutions like global capitalism – the negative kills the radical nature of the affirmative.

Gijs Van Oenen, ’6 (senior lecturer in practical philosophy at the Department of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, A Machine That Would Go of Itself: Interpassivity and Its Impact on Politic al Life, Theory and Event, Muse)

This understanding of interpassivity differs from, but accords well with th e views espoused
AND
over, or preempted, by the process of production, or ’provision’ .

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

In

 inclusion====
Random House 12
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/in
1.
(used to indicate inclusion within space, a place, or limits): walking in the park. 

Plenary powers doctrine means that Indian lands are in the United States

ASU Tribal Government Leadership Forum 10
("Plenary Power Cases"; http://outreach.asu.edu/tglf/book/case-law/plenary-power-cases)
The Supreme Court reasoned that the federal government had to fill the power vacuum left
AND
simply a matter of efficiency and a low cost claim to Indian lands.

Tribal lands are in the U.S.
NNALEA 2
(National Native American Law Enforcement Association; "Tribal Lands Homeland Security Report"; http://www.nnalea.org/nnalea/site/summitreport.pdf)
About half of the Native American population¶ live in neighborhoods throughout the United¶
AND
(AZ-NM); Hopi (AZ); and Blackfeet (MT).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
====A) "Restriction" are limitations on the use of property====

Texas Supreme Court ’10 
CAUSE NO. 08-01-18,007-CV-A, Final Judgment, http://www.supreme.courts.state.tx.us/ebriefs/12/12046401.pdf
"Restriction" is defined and commonly used to mean "~a~ limitation (esp. in a deed) placed on the use or enjoyment of property." BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1054 (7th ed. 2000).

b) Restrictions are the equivalent of conditions on action

Plummer 29 J., Court Justice, MAX ZLOZOWER, Respondent, v. SAM LINDENBAUM et al., Appellants Civ. No. 3724COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT100 Cal. App. 766; 281 P. 102; 1929 Cal. App. LEXIS 404September 26, 1929, Decided, lexis
The word "restriction," when used in connection with the grant of interest in
AND
a particular event, or the performance or nonperformance of a particular act.

Best Interpretation:

A) Captures the benefits of outright prohibition by including statutory restrictions that make production more difficult but that are limited to those that include the possibility of complete prohibition

U.S. Code ’5
25 U.S.C. § 3504 : US Code - Section 3504: Leases, business agreements, and rights-of-way involving energy development or transmission, 2005,
An Indian tribe may grant a right-of-way over tribal land for
AND
Secretary determines to be in the best¶ interest of the Indian tribe;¶

C) We effectively lift a total ban – no TERA agreements have been signed

Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

Mirroring this desire, many tribes are also becoming interested in energy development opportunities:¶
AND
TERA reforms will spur tribal promulgation of TERAs with the Secretary of Interior.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The DA is an anxiety ridden excuse to ignore internal colonization—-their arguments are paranoid ramblings

Hoggett 4—prof of politics and co-dir. of Center for Psycho-Social Studies, U West England. Degree in social psychology, U Sussex—AND—Dr. Simon Clarke—prof of psycho-social studies and co-dir. of the center. (The Empire of Fear: The American Political Psyche and the Culture of Paranoia, http://www.btinternet.com/~~psycho_social/Vol5/JPSS5-PHSC1.htm)

It is necessary therefore to focus upon this dark side of the new Promethean for
AND
us feel better. The problem is that we don’t face the problem. 

Plan bipart + tribes like it

Brown 10 — AP (Matthew, Indian tribes to Congress – Streamline energy development, www.buffalopost.net/?p=8525~%23more-8525)

American Indian leaders on Thursday asked Congress to streamline the development of energy projects on
AND
on public lands – including reservations, which are held in federal trust.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The counterplan homogenizes natives by assuming a singular consultation method works for all of them

NTEC 9 (NATIONAL TRIBAL ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL, ANNUAL TRIBAL NATIONS CONFERENCE 2009 BRIEFING DOCUMENT)

Acknowledging that only Tribes have the capacity to make determinations on the proper method of
AND
enough about the individual tribes to make that determination are the Tribes themselves.

Certainty key

Morris 7/12—Associate Editor, Power Engineering, Renewable Energy World (7/12/12,Lindsay, Wind Turbine Manufacturers Say U.S. Market Will Grow in Time, www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/06/wind-turbine-manufacturers-say-u-s-market-will-grow-in-time)

Harm Toren, vice president and chief service officer of Mitsubishi Power Systems, said
AND
due to the suppliers and supply chain not being able to catch up."

Borja Negro, CEO of Spanish company Gamesa, said the supply chain in the U.S. has been built steadily over the last decade, and a lack of policy certainly could hinder continued growth. "Uncertainty doesn’t just affect employment; it affects supply chain."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The CP triggers a slew of federal regulations that kill solvency—-TERA’s key

Dreveskracht 11—Associate at Galanda Broadman PLLC, of Seattle, an American Indian majority-owned law firm. His practice focuses on representing businesses and tribal governments in public affairs, energy, gaming, taxation, and general economic development (Ryan, The Road to Alternative Energy in Indian Country: Is It a Dead End?, http://www.wsba.org/Legal-Community/Sections/Indian-Law-Section/~~/media/Files/Legal%20Community/Sections/Indian%20Law/Indian%20Newsletters/Summer%202011%20Vol%2019%20No%202.ashx)

Yet, as of February 2011, only one commercial scale renewable energy project is
AND
it will be necessary to emphasize the former to bring about the latter.

The counterplan trades off with sovereignty

Kronk 12—Assistant Professor, Texas Tech University School of Law (Elizabeth, Tribal Energy Resource Agreements: The Unintended "Great Mischief for Indian Energy Development" and the Resulting Need for Reform, 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 811)

~*849~  The discussion below offers two suggestions for reform. These options,
AND
to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs in comments submitted in 2003. n141

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Noel Kaplowitz 90 is a research associate at the Institute of Governmental Affairs, University of California at Davis in International Relations National Self-Images, Perception of Enemies, and Conflict Strategies: Psychopolitical Dimensions of International Relations Political Psychology Vol. 11, No. 1 (Mar., 1990), pp. 39-82 JSTOR
How  a People  Sees  Itself  Robert Lane (1969, p.  1),  in
AND
and because we  are faced with dangerous, deceptive, and unscrupulous enemies."
The disposition to look outward at others as an explanation  for one’s own  behavior has
AND
conventional modes of analysis  in IR, it has been via this construct.
Self-images have been  largely ignored. Thus, in Holsti’s (1976,
AND
national purpose and interest, and its perceptions  of  its powers and limits.
National self-images are thus an  important dimension of political culture and are transmitted
AND
, than is the case regarding the more general concept  of political culture.
Some of the earlier classic works in political psychology pointed to a  relationship between self
AND
of great virtue, truthfulness, blamelessness, and peaceableness  to  the  self.
Despite these suggestive examples, there has been very  little work which  relates national self
AND
substantial degree psychoanalytically  oriented-an  approach subsequently resisted in the social sciences. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Ethics are a prior question to politics – the status quo operationalizes politics that create ethics to justify them post-facto. This model of politics is doomed to serial policy failure because of the unstable nature of our psyches.

Fotaki 10 ~MARIANNA FOTAKI, 2010, ORGANIZATION STUDIES GROUP, MANCHESTER BUSINESS SCHOOL, "WHY DO PUBLIC POLICIES FAIL SO OFTEN? EXPLORING HEALTH POLICY-MAKING AS AN IMAGINARY AND SYMBOLIC CONSTRUCTION," ORGANIZATION 2010 17: 703, SAGE, 713-716~
Towards an alternative conception of public policy-making So far, I have suggested
AND
of new ways of desiring, engaging and being in organizations and society.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention 1: Abjection and Loss

First is the image of the "fierce savage" - Current legal framing and stereotypes of enforce two equally dangerous representations, the first of which is the "fierce savage" who owns casinos and plays fast and loose with the law – these images pre-frame decision making vis-à-vis American Indians.

Tsosie 10
(Rebecca – (Yaqui) Sandra Day O’Conner College of Law, Arizona State University; "Indians %26 Energy"; ed Sherry L. Smith and Brian Frehner; School for Advanced Research Press. P. 263-4)

Speaking at a conference on cultural sovereignty at the Arizona State¶ University College of
AND
develop will¶ determine our collective destiny on the lands that sustain us.

Second is the "noble savage" – The patronizing image of American Indians as land-loving hippies created the American Indian as the abject– the perverse underside of the sophisticated, urbane American identity that needed to be repressed and eliminated. Historical encounters with America’s abjected other have led to objectification and genocide.

Aldama 1
(Arturo J. – Prof Ethnic Studies University of Colorado Boulder; "Disrupting Savagism; Intersecting Chicana/o, Mexican Immigrant, and Native American Struggles for Sel-Representation"; Duke UP; p. 14-6)
By contrast, the Dominican bishop of Chiapas, Bartolome de Las Casas,¶ a
AND
century (an issue¶ I discuss in greater detail in chapter 4).

The defining of an American subject in opposition to the abject "noble savage" writes more than just Indians into oppression. The constitution of the American subject has all but eliminated the Native as its perverse underside. Absent an ethical intervention, the continuing process of abjection ensures that America will only ever define the social ideal as white and male, thereby eliminating all other identities.

Bergland 2k
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 16-7
For the most part, The National Uncanny focuses on ghosts of Native Americans.
AND
and obsession. This is the dynamic that pushes America’s noncitizens into uncanniness.

The colonization of Indian is the fuel that sustains American empire – attempts to include abjected and objected voices within the framework of American empire only serve to misdirect us from our ultimate task – the consideration of Indiannes is a prior question.

Jodi Byrd, 2011
Assc Pf of English and American Indian Studies, U of IL, TRANSIT OF EMPIRE: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism, 2011, UNIV OF MINN press, http://site.ebrary.com/id/10502056

There is more than one way to frame the concerns of The Transit of¶
AND
queers, racial minorities, and immigrants¶ into complicity with settler colonialism.

The condition of utopian projects like the quest for a stable American identity is failure: to stabilize, our psyches must produce a scapegoat onto which we project our frustration in failing to achieve utopia. For our psyches to be satisfied our failures must be externalized onto the scapegoat, and then eliminated, necessitating genocide. The "greedy casino owner" image is where the excesses of American capitalism and colonialism can be dumped onto American Indians.

Stavrakakis 99 Yannis, Teaching Fellow in the Dept of Govt at the Univ of Essex %26 Dir of the MA Prog in Ideology and Discourse Analysis, Lacan and the Political, 99-105
Our age is clearly an age of social fragmentation, political disenchantment and open cynicism
AND
never actually filled in 99 different ways (seminar of 21 November 1962). 

Contention 2: Domestic Dependent Nations

The status of Indian Tribes as domestic dependent nations codifies the dual character of the American subject: one that is colonialist through the continuing legacy of manifest destiny and one that is anti-colonialist as a product of revolution.  Much like tribes within American borders, the abject Native must remain repressed within the psyche to maintain the coherence of the subject’s identity.

Bergland 2k
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 12-4)
One scholar who does share my fascination with the compelling pleasures of hauntedness is Julia
AND
Fiedler tells us, "all of us seem men possessed."20¶

And, the split generates violence. The dual character of the American subject has created a fantasy of rationality and superiority over the abject Indian. This fantasy is unstable and relies on a national obsession with symbolically condensed Indians, which do not exist.

Bergland 2k
(Renee L. – prof English Simmons College; "The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects"; Dartmouth UP; p. 14-6)
While Fiedler describes Americans as men in love with their own madness (which takes
AND
which American subjects continually return to the Native American figures who haunt them. 

And, American psychosis makes extinction inevitable – nuclear technology has enabled the conditions for our unconscious death drive to break through the cracks in our fantasy and punish those who have broken it – this makes nuclear use inevitable.

Themi 8 Themi Deakin University 2008 Tim Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 4.1-2http:www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/96/192-http://www.cosmosandhistory.org/index.php/journal/article/view/96/192~~
For to circle in too close to the Thing which is ethically forbidden by our
AND
return, as return of excess, are yielding our most tragic problems.

Plan

Thus, Ben and I affirm that restrictions that allow the Secretary of the Interior to block production of coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, wind power and solar power in Tribal Energy Resource Agreements should end.  

Solvency

Energy development is critical to Tribal Sovereignty – easing TERA restrictions makes it an agreement between two sovereigns.

Hendershot 8—a columnist for the Smoky Mountain News and a freelance writer living in the mountains of Western North Carolina next to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians’ Qualla Boundary (Don, Between Two Sovereigns, http://www.drinkerbiddle.com/Templates/media/files/news/2008/paul-moorehead-talks-tera-with-native-american-journal.pdf)

TERAs were devised to cut through the red tape and streamline the process by which
AND
local sovereign, the Indian tribe itself. In the old days, these

Self-determined energy policy solves – the plan is critical to resistance of calcified identity binaries that reify colonial exploitation of American Indians.

Tsosie 10
(Rebecca – (Yaqui) Sandra Day O’Conner College of Law, Arizona State University; "Indians %26 Energy"; ed Sherry L. Smith and Brian Frehner; School for Advanced Research Press. P. 276-8)

For this reason, some commentators believe that tribal economic¶ development is necessarily at
AND
to illuminate the¶ human rights consequences of domestic and international energy policy.

And ethics is the basis of politics - advocating for Native renewable energy development is necessary to create epistemological fissures that can begin to rectify historical traumas of energy exploitation. Vote aff to ethically remedy the historical trauma committed against Native populations.

Powell and Curley 9—Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Appalachian State—AND—Researcher, Diné Policy Institute, Navajo Nation (Dana and Andrew, K’e, Hozhó, and Non-governmental Politics on the Navajo Nation: Ontologies of Difference Manifest in Environmental Activism, http://www.ram-wan.net/documents/05_e_Journal/journal-4/5-powell.pdf)FLD=Fundamental-http://www.ram-wan.net/documents/05_e_Journal/journal-4/5-powell.pdf)FLD=Fundamental Laws of the Dine

In this paper, we explore how non-governmental political action on the Navajo
AND
such as the debate over existing and proposed development projects. And the sides

And, ethics comes first – our aff is a prerequisite to ethical relations with the other – we must analyze the foundations of the American subject in order to tear down its colonial legacy and rebuild our psyches without leveling difference. Affirming an ethic of cohabitation instead of absorption stops the cycle of genocidal violence necessitated by status quo political relations.

Oliver 93
(Kelly— Vanderbilt; "Reading Kristeva: unraveling the double-bind" p. 149-50)
Strangers to Ourselves is about how we can live with difference. As early as
AND
which the other name is our radical strangeness." (1989, 290)

Prefer our method—it’s historically accurate in the context of politics—analyzing the social without desire produces serial policy failure because it doesn’t account for ethical forms of violence

McGowan 4 Todd, Assoc Prof in Film Studies @ UVM, "The End of Dissatisfaction?" p 4-6

Psychoanalysis, however, calls into question the idea that we primarily act on behalf
AND
past, to traditional values, will necessarily be mediated by the present.

And, tying to the particularities of the status quo as they occur in with regards to Indians to the universal of ideology allows us to interrogate the point at which ideological lines meet, creating an opportunity to untie the ideological knot

Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1999
(Slavoj, The Ticklish Subject, page 175-176, gjm)
Ridiculous as this notion of the ’typical’ may sound, there is a grain of
AND
reason, psychoanalysis actually does cure by addressing the sinthome. . . .

Ethics are a prior question to politics – the status quo operationalizes politics that create ethics to justify them post-facto. This model of politics is doomed to serial policy failure because of the unstable nature of our psyches.
Fotaki 10 MARIANNA FOTAKI, 2010, ORGANIZATION STUDIES GROUP, MANCHESTER BUSINESS SCHOOL, “WHY DO PUBLIC POLICIES FAIL SO OFTEN? EXPLORING HEALTH POLICY-MAKING AS AN IMAGINARY AND SYMBOLIC CONSTRUCTION,” ORGANIZATION 2010 17: 703, SAGE, 713-716
Towards an alternative conception of public policy-making So far, I have suggested that health policies often fail … a journey towards the discovery of new ways of desiring, engaging and being in organizations and society.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Psycho=Science
Newest studies say you’re wrong---medical advances have proven psychoanalysis correct, falsifiable, and scientific
Heather A. Berlin 9 is an American neuroscientist focusing on brain-behavior relationships affecting the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders AND Christof Koch "Defense Mechanisms: Neuroscience Meets Psychoanalysis" April 13 Scientific American www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=neuroscience-meets-psychoanalysis
Advances in technologies such as functional … dreamed of by Freud—who was, after all, a neuroscientist by training.

2AC Framework (Without Plan)
Definitional support –
Resolved is to reduce by mental analysis - Random House 11
(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolve)
to reduce by mental analysis (often followed by into  ).
Before the colon
Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2k http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
Use of a colon before a list or an explanation that is preceded by a clause that can …of the sentence, begin the clause after the colon with a capital letter. 

Should indicates desirability - OED 11
(http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/should?region=us)
 modal verb (3rd sing. should)

 1used to indicate obligation, duty, or correctness, typically … I wear?¶ (I should) used to give advice: I should hold out if I were you
4. We’ve got a few impact turns that act as net benefits to our interpretation
a. interpassivity – USFG focus distances the question of personal ethics and our relationship to institutions like global capitalism – the negative kills the radical nature of the affirmative.
Gijs Van Oenen, ‘6 (senior lecturer in practical philosophy at the Department of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, A Machine That Would Go of Itself: Interpassivity and Its Impact on Politic al Life, Theory and Event, Muse)

This understanding of interpassivity differs from, but accords well with th e views espoused by … itself suffices; the reception and appreciation of the produc t is taken over, or preempted, by the process of production, or 'provision' .

Smart Grid Trade Off
The DA is an anxiety ridden excuse to ignore internal colonization---their arguments are paranoid ramblings
Hoggett 4—prof of politics and co-dir. of Center for Psycho-Social Studies, U West England. Degree in social psychology, U Sussex—AND—Dr. Simon Clarke—prof of psycho-social studies and co-dir. of the center. (The Empire of Fear: The American Political Psyche and the Culture of Paranoia, http://www.btinternet.com/~psycho_social/Vol5/JPSS5-PHSC1.htm)

It is necessary therefore to focus upon this dark side of the new Promethean for this is a …may justify actions that make us feel better. The problem is that we don’t face the problem. 

Warming inevitable - oceans
NPR 9 (1/26, Global Warming Is Irreversible, Study Says, All Things Considered, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99888903)
Climate change is essentially irreversible, according to a sobering new … of this long-term effect in terms of sea level rise and drought.
Nuclear reduces emissions renewables do not. Prefer our qualified economic meta-study
Apergis et al 10
( Nicholas Apergisa, Department of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus;   James E. Payne, Department of Economics, Illinois State University;    Kojo Menyahc, London Metropolitan Business School, London Metropolitan University;   Yemane Wolde-Rufaeld; Ecological Economics
Volume 69, Issue 11, 15 September 2010, Pages 2255–2260; “On the causal dynamics between emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and economic growth”)

The empirical evidence indicates that there is a long-… with volatile oil and naturalgas supplies and prices.