Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A. The 1AC is a typical leftist response to universal oppression that remains silent in the face of the on-going colonization of native North America.  The plan serves as a mask for the state, making it appear benevolent, even as its existence is contingent upon a continuing legacy of colonization that guarantees continued exploitation, turning the  case

CHURCHILL 96 (FORMER PROFESSOR OF ETHNIC STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER, WARD, "I AM INDIGENIST," FROM A NATIVE SON PGS 520-30)
I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
AND
, sexist, classist, homophobic, militaristic order on non-Indians.

B. The Alternative is to reject the Affirmative and pursue indigenous land return as a first priority. This act of impossible realism solves the case—Colonization is the root cause of oppression, exploitation and war. Only a return to an indigenous politics can remedy the ills of colonialism

CHURCHILL 96(FoRMER PROFESSOR OF ETHNIC STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER, WARD, "I AM INDIGENIST," FROM A NATIVE SON)
The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
realism." Isn’t it time we all went to work on attaining it?

They give no method to embrace love, prefer our methodology because we provide a concrete way to destroy oppression against the First Americans. We give the land back, which is a fundamental change in our mindset by bringing the first oppression to the front of the debate, which has always been glossed over in the past.

The Role of the Ballot is who best embraces love to solve for the underlying reasons for this oppression – First Americans.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Our interpretation
The aff must defend a topical plan under this year’s resolution. The colon indicates that the USFG is the agent of the resolution.
 Webster’s ’00 ~Guide to Grammar and Writing, http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm~~

Use a colon ~ : ~ before a list or an explanation that is preceded
AND
colon. The advice given above is consistent with the Gregg Reference Manual. 

And, "Resolved" means taking a specific courses of action.
American Heritage Dictionary ’06 ~American Heritage Dictionary, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved~~

INTRANSITIVE VERB:1. To reach a decision or make a determination: resolve on a course of action. 2. To  become separated or reduced to constituents. 3. Music To undergo resolution.   

We believe the best for of debate is a competing dialogue – the creation of a "counterword" in direct response to a "word" is necessary for real understanding.
Bahktin’90 ~Russian philopher and novelist, quoted in 1990, ed. Biz/ell %26 Herzberg, The Rhetorical Tradition, pg. 944~

We have already had occasion to speak of the philological type of passive understanding,
AND
the current of verbal intercourse endows a word with the light of meaning.

B. The Violation

1. Their action is not federal government action.
   Black’s Law Dictionary ’99 ~Dictionary, Seventh Edition, p.703~

A national government that exercises some degree of control over smaller political units that have surrendered some degree of power in exchange for the right to participate in national political matters.

2.  They don’t respond to the respond to the resolution with a specific course of action.
3. They disrupt fairness norms -
A) Predictable ground is different and more important than ground: predictable ground can only come from the resolution because it is the only stable pre-tournament director of research—the fact that there is "neg" to their aff doesn’t mean we could have anticipated and adequately researched all those ideas to compete fairly.
B) They decimate level playing field: We may have some options but not the generic ground the negative is entitled to via fairness norms and the aff obligation to provide us a place at the table. It’s like inviting us to play football but we are the only ones expected to play without a ball – sure, we can play, but we can never score.
C) Breadth is worse than depth – having a lopsided debate about strategy is not as good as a debate on the central questions of the resolution.
D) Crushes topic specific education – one of the things we get out of the debate is the ability to flesh out ideas on a given topic over the course of the year – they deny us of this awesome opportunity by redirecting the conversation.
E) If they argue that the educational value of their arguments outweigh fairness, they are putting the cart before the horse – saying education outweighs fairness begs the questions of whether you provide productive education and the only way to judge this if the neg has the ability to predictably research answers to your arguments.
C. Impacts and reasons to vote

1.  Fairness norms are critical to fostering an effective dialogic—abandoning them undermines diversity
   Muir ’93 ~Star Muir, prof. of speech communication @ George Mason University, 1993. (Philosophy %26 Rhetoric, vol. 26; pg. 290-291~ 

A final point about relativism is that switch-side debate encourages fairness and equality
AND
knowledge of alternative views and the concomitant strength of a reasoned moral conviction.
2.  Dialogic role-playing is key to developing tolerance %26 empathy—alternative pedagogies risk egocentrism and intolerance.
Muir ’93 ~Department of Communication, George Mason University, 93 ~Star, Philosophy %26 Rhetoric, 26.4~

The first response to the charge of relativism is that switch-side debate respects
AND
reasons, is a central element of any effort to gain such insight.

3.  Oppositional discourses stop otherization and genocide- turns the case.
Ehringer ’70 ~Douglas Ehninger, prof. of speech communication at the University of Iowa, 1970, (Speech Monographs, vol. 37; 110)~

But this process also is reflexive, for insofar as we treat the "other
AND
~sic~ man from ~sic~ man and nation from nation.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A. Interpretation –

Export restrictions are not production restrictions.

Shih ’09 ~Wen-chen, associate professor of law in the Department of International Trade at National Chengchi University, Taiwan. "ARTICLE: Energy Security, GATT/WTO, and Regional Agreements" Natural Resources Journal Spring, 2009 Natural Resources Journal 49 Nat. Resources J. 433, LN~

Such an argument has been questioned by others. Broome cautions that a material distinction
AND
OPEC countries should not constitute quantitative restrictions that contravene Article XI:1. 

B. Violation – the aff does not reduce restrictions for energy production.

C. Standards and reasons to vote.

Limits – topic explosion, doubles the topic and overstretches our research burden—-undermines preparedness for all debates by forcing us to prepare for both energy production and energy trading debates.

Ground -export restrictions allow them to change where energy goes as opposed to how much is produced – kills generic disad ground.

Topicality is a voter for fairness and education.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The United States Federal Government should 1. Negotiate a Free Trade Agreement with Japan – allowing Japan unfettered access to US energy and it will be well-positioned to take advantage of US infrastructure and strategic energy investment opportunities. 2. The United States pledges to safeguard the flow of compressed natural gas and other forms of "strategic energy" for export to Japan.

Reasons to prefer and vote neg

1. Precision – using precise terms is key to understanding and coalition building. We can never know where they are coming from if we do not know what they are saying to begin with. Their plan text uses a number of acronyms which are not explained. Additionally, "negotiates" was misspelled in the plan text, how are we supposed to know what they mean?
   2. Better plan writing – it’s more than half way through the year. They should at least know how to copy and paste the resolution – key to educating us to exist as effective advocates in the real world. Example – we can’t protest "Wall Coal" instead of "Wall Street" and create effective change. The plan text is the only thing we can stick them to in the round.
   3. Fairness – if they are going to read a version of "whole rez" it at least needs to be something stable enough for us to generate offense. Given the nature of the aff, this is particularly important.

Communication-based misunderstanding leads to deadly disasters.

CELC ’11 ~Center for English Language Communication at The National University of Singapore, Intercultural Communication, January,http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elcttr/ES2002/ES2002_Jan2011/004_IC_ES2002_Jan2011.pdf~~====**

Communication breakdown cannot probably be more costly than in business and professional contexts because this
AND
cultural differences, among other communication-based causes (Jones, 2003). 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

A. Energy legislation has inherently been a tool to exploit First Americans

LaDuke 05(Winona, member of the Mississippi Band of Anishinaabeg, Program Director of Honor the Earth an organization that creates awareness for Native environmental issues, "Recovering the Sacred: The Power of Naming and Claiming", pgs. 237-238)
Tribes have historically played a large role in energy production, although they have received
AND
of the reservation-based American Inidan community lives on these 61 reservations. 

====B. Their attempt to incentivize energy production/ remove market barriers for energy production serves as a mask for the state, making it appear benevolent, even as its existence is contingent upon a continuing legacy of colonization that guarantees continued exploitation, turning the case====
CHURCHILL 96 (FORMER PROFESSOR OF ETHNIC STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER, WARD, "I AM INDIGENIST," FROM A NATIVE SON PGS 520-30)
I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
AND
, sexist, classist, homophobic, militaristic order on non-Indians.

C. The Alternative is to reject the Affirmative and pursue indigenous land return as a first priority. This act of impossible realism solves the case—Colonization is the root cause of oppression, exploitation and war. Only a return to an indigenous politics can remedy the ills of colonialism

CHURCHILL 96(FoRMER PROFESSOR OF ETHNIC STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER, WARD, "I AM INDIGENIST," FROM A NATIVE SON)
The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
realism." Isn’t it time we all went to work on attaining it?

Tournament: CEDA Nationals | Round: 2 | Opponent: University of Central Oklahoma BaMu | Judge: Cade Hamilton

CIR will pass – momentum overwhelms thumpers but delay wrecks the bill

Berman and Lillis 3-20-13
(Russell and Mike, "Emerging immigration deal receives House leaders’ bipartisan backing,"
http://thehill.com/homenews/house/289169-emerging-immigration-deal-receives-house-leaders-bipartisan-backing~~%23ixzz2ODchqIkF-http://thehill.com/homenews/house/289169-emerging-immigration-deal-receives-house-leaders-bipartisan-backing, accessed 3-21-13 Bosley)

Leaders in both parties voiced confidence in an emerging House immigration agreement, giving momentum
AND
hoping to introduce legislation in April following the two-week Easter recess.

Natural gas cost capital to get Dems on board.

Colman 12
(Colman, Zack. ~September 24, 2012~ The Hill. E2 Wire: The Hill’s Energy Blog. Republicans charge Obama not serious about natural gas. Found at: http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/251421-republicans-charge-obama-with-slow-walking-sales-of-natural-gas)
Republicans have been adamant that while Obama says he supports natural gas, his policies
AND
, leading to reduced domestic production, fewer jobs and higher energy prices."

CIR’s key to the economy and US-India Relations

Williams, LA Times, 12
(Carol J., "Other countries eagerly await U.S. immigration reform," 11-9-12, http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html-http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html, accessed 1-17-13 Bosley)

"Comprehensive immigration reform will see expansion of skilled labor visas," predicted B.
AND
see the immigration opportunity as a bigger plus than not," he said.

US-India relations solve South Asian nuclear war

Schaffer, Director of the South Asia Program at CSIS, 02
(Teresita C., "Building a New Partnership with India," Washington Quarterly 25:2, accessed 1-17-13 /Bosley)

Washington’s increased interest in India since the late 1990s reflects India’s economic expansion and position
AND
people out of poverty depends critically on good relations with the United States.

Tournament: CEDA Nationals | Round: 2 | Opponent: University of Central Oklahoma BaMu | Judge: Cade Hamilton

Text: Citing Executive Authority, the President of the United States of America should sign an executive order _

Observation 1: Not Topical—not legislation

Observation 2: Solves the case and doesn’t link to politics

Empirically, executive orders are used to increased domestic energy production.

Warrick %26 Eilperin ’04 ~Joby and Juliet, Staff Writers, Washington Post, "Old and Gas Hold the Reins in the Wild West; Land-Use Decisions Largely Favor Energy Industry", The Washington Post, 9/25~

While the annual number of new leases by oil and gas companies is down from
AND
agency officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity for fear of repercussions. 

XO shields the president from politics – Congress will ensure this, particularly in the arena of energy production.

Sovacool %26 Sovacool ’09 ~Ben and Kelly, Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, Sovacool is a Senior Research Associate at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.  Article: Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States, Columbia Journal of Environmental Law~

The courts and Congress, in other words, do not want to deal with
AND
the constraints faced by environmental and energy related legislation and Supreme Court rulings. 

Tournament: CEDA Nationals | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas State LiMo | Judge: Ken Johnson

Text: The United States federal government should enter into binding consultation with the government of Mexico over whether the United States federal government should fund acquisition of small modular nuclear reactors for installations in the United States.

Mexico expects to be consulted on US energy policies -
Klein ’12 ~Kent Klein November 27, 2012, http://www.voanews.com/content/obama-mexican-president-elect-discuss-changing-relationship/1554219.html~~

President Barack Obama hosted Mexico’s president-elect, Enrique Peña Nieto, at the
AND
of increased economic integration with the U.S. and other countries. 

There’s an established forum for consultation, but using it genuinely isn’t normal means.

US-Mexico Binational Council ’01

~"NEW HORIZONS IN U.S.-MEXICO RELATIONS: Recommendations for Policymakers," A Report of the U.S.-Mexico Binational Council, cosponsored by CSIS, September, 2001 http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/newhorizons%5B1%5D.pdf~~

The U.S-Mexico Inter-Parliamentary Group (IPG), which has
AND
between the legislative branches of each country on a year-round basis.
 
Mexico would say yes – they want the benefit of coop and knowledge.
Levi ’13, David M. Rubenstein Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment, and Director, Program on Energy Security and Climate Change ~Michael A, U.S. Energy Security: Enhancing Partnerships with Mexico and Canada, Before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, House Committee on Foreign Affairs United States House of Representatives 1st Session, 113th Congress,http://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA07/20130314/100445/HHRG-113-FA07-Wstate-LeviM-20130314.pdf~~

The United States has important opportunities to cooperate on energy with Canada and Mexico in
AND
would be a win for the economy, security, and the environment. 

Failure to consult tanks US-Mexico relations.

Starr ’04, professor of international studies and political economy at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México

~Pamela K., professor of international studies and political economy at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, "U.S.-Mexico Relations," Center for Strategic and International Studies, HEMISPHERE FOCUS Volume XII, Issue 2, January 9, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/hf_v12_02.pdf, 2004~

Mexico’s active support for increased multilateralism in world affairs as a means to protect itself
AND
S.-Mexico relations and to the success of Mexico’s North American strategy. 

US-Mexico relations are the backbone of the Mexican economy - key to the US and global economies.

Diplomatic Courier 2/24/13 ~U.S.-Mexico Relations: Love Thy Neighbor WRITTEN BY OSCAR MONTEALEGRE, CONTRIBUTOR,http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/latin-america/1331-us-mexico-relations-love-thy-neighbor~~====**

It is not common knowledge that Mexico is the United States’ third largest trading partner
AND
commonalities, and cooperation will be spearheaded in unison by both countries’ leaders. 

Nuclear war.

O’Donnell ’9 ~2-26, Sean, "Will this recession lead to World War III?" Baltimore Republican Examiner, www.examiner.com/republican-in-baltimore/will-this-recession-lead-to-world-war-iii, accessed 9/20/11~

Could the current economic crisis affecting this country and the world lead to another world
AND
possibility of World War III is averted. However sometimes history repeats itself. 

Tournament: CEDA Nationals | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas State LiMo | Judge: Ken Johnson

A) Space exploration and development reinforces existing patterns of economic competition and exploitation—new patterns of thinking are needed to stop this domination:

Natalie Bormann and Michael Sheehan, 2009 ( Department of Politics, Northeastern University,  Professor of International Relations at Swansea University,  Securing Outer Space, accessed via Ebooks, pg. 3)
The challenges that space poses for political theory are profound. If space is about
AND
realities of the space age demand novel social theories of the same order. 

B) Imperialism causes extinction and an unending cycle of global war

William Eckhardt, Lentz Peace Research Laboratory of St. Louis, February 1990, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, jstor, p. 15-16
Wright looked at the relation between modern civilization and war in somewhat more detail,
AND
challenge is very urgent indeed. Life itself may depend upon our choice.
 

C) The alternative is to re-conceptualize and engage critically with space—this is key to political resistance:

Natalie Bormann and Michael Sheehan, 2009 ( Department of Politics, Northeastern University,  Professor of International Relations at Swansea University,  Securing Outer Space, accessed via Ebooks, pg. 2)
More than a half century later, the questions as to ’what we bring
AND
possibilities of the dimension of space vis-à-vis the political.

Tournament: CEDA Nationals | Round: 6 | Opponent: New School LoTr | Judge: Susan Mader

Should refers to a future act.

Remo Foresi v. The Hudson Coal Co, SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 106 Pa. Super. 307; 161 A. 910; 1932 Pa. Super. LEXIS 239 July 14, 1932

As regards the mandatory character of the rule, the word ’should’ is not only
AND
the welfare of thousands who are engaged in the hazardous occupation of mining.

This is the best interpretation.

Limits – There are a huge number of past instances where the federal government or individuals have interacted with energy policy– each of these is wildly unpredictable for the negative. AND, the abuse of unlimited topics is magnified when debating the past since we can’t have generics – every case occurs in a different timeframe which means our arguments have to be written to dozens of different contexts.

Ground – Consensus is generally settled on historical questions which means they will ALWAYS outweigh

Education – Debate trains us to be policy makers, lawyers and activists. All of these require the ability to make COST-BENEFIT CALCULATIONS relying on PREDICTIVE INFORMATION to be effective. This is a skill that can only and best be taught in policy debates using the assumptions of fiat. If history is valuable and relevant it can be used as empirical examples to prove and disprove future arguments which solves all your education claims

This is a voter for fairness, education, and ground.

We abandon this year’s resolution, go back to April 28^th, 2012 and have the CEDA Executive Committee remove the energy topic paper from consideration.

This solves the entirety of the affirmative because we are no longer masking the problem of energy itself and the way it functions. We no longer participate in the construction of this "false problem" as per the 1ac evidence.

Our approach is a better pedagogical approach; counterfactual thinking makes people more motivated and analytical – means we can approach topic construction better.

Science Daily 10
(Science Daily, February 9, 2010, ’Counterfactual’ Thinkers Are More Motivated and Analytical, Study Suggests, Tetlock is the Lorraine Tyson Mitchell Chair II in Leadership and Communication, Professor of Leadership. Kray, who teaches negotiation, is the Harold Furst Chair in Management Philosophy and Values. Their study is also co-authored with Linda George, a UC Berkeley doctoral student in psychology; Katie Liljenquist, Brigham Young University; Adam Galinsky, Northwestern University; and Neal Roese, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100209100800.htm-http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100209100800.htm)
According to a new study, counterfactual thinking — considering a "turning point"
AND
, the better calibrated they are in attaching realistic probabilities to possible futures."

Tournament: CEDA Nationals | Round: 6 | Opponent: New School LoTr | Judge: Susan Mader
Text: 

Contention One: Competition – the counterplan excludes all of the text in the advocacy.

Contention Two: The Net Benefit

Reliance upon the phonetic alphabet destabilizes the balance of human mental evolution, creating a destructive trend toward masculine values that subliminally reprograms the user.

SHLAIN, 1998

Dr. Leonard Shlain is a neurosurgeon at California-Pacific Medical Center and contributor to The Encyclopedia of Creativity, The Alphabet Versus The Goddess: The Conflict Between Word and Image, 1998, pg. 66-8
Aside from the obvious benefits that derived from their ease of use, alpha¬bets produced
AND
sexes were inexorably brought to heel by the left brain within each individual.

Left-brain rational functions denigrate natural relationships, risking planetary extinction. Only re-balancing our mental spheres can revitalize connections to the earth.

Reuther, 1989

Rosemary Radford, Professor of Feminist Theology at Pacific School of Religion, "Toward an Ecological-Feminist Theology of Nature" in Healing the Wounds: the Promise of Ecofeminism ed. Judith Plant p. 147-150
Thus we have not so much the privilege of intelligence, viewed as something above
AND
nonhuman nature become friends in the creating of a livable and sustainable cosmos. 

IMAGINING AND PRIVILEGING THE COUNTERPLAN THROUGH IMAGES CUTS THROUGH LEFT BRAIN DOMINANCE AND ENABLES A FULLY INTEGRATED PSYCHE.

SHLAIN, 1998

Dr. Leonard, neurosurgeon at California-Pacific Medical Center and contributor to The Encyclopedia of Creativity, The Alphabet Versus The Goddess: The Conflict Between Word and Image, 1998, pg. 4-5
To observe an enthralled four-year-old mastering the letters of the alphabet is to witness the beginning of a lifelong method central to the acquisition of knowledge. Literacy, once firmly rooted, will eclipse and supplant speech as the principal source of culture changing information. Adults, for so long enmeshed in the alphabet’s visual skein, cannot easily disentangle themselves to assess its effect on culture. One could safely assume that fish have not yet discovered water.
Imagine that you came of age in a non-literate culture and were unaware of the impact the written word could have on your life. Suppose that as an adult you then found yourself in a literate society confronted by others who seemed to possess magical powers. Your reaction probably would not differ much from that of Prince Modupe, a young West African who, in his autobiography, related his encounter with the written word:
The one crowded space in Father Perry’s house was his bookshelves. I gradually came
AND
intensity of my desire to learn to do this wondrous thing myself.6
The prince could not know that in his attempt to free the doomboo, the pit itself would trap him in an unforeseen way: written words and images are entirely different "creatures." Each calls forth a complementary but oppos¬ing perceptual strategy.
Images are primarily mental reproductions of the sensual world of vision. Nature and human artifacts both provide the raw material from the outside that the brain replicates in the inner sanctum of consciousness. Because of their close connection to the world of appearances, images approximate reality: they are concrete. The brain simultaneously perceives all parts of the whole integrating the parts synthetically into a gestalt. The majority of images are perceived in an all-at-once manner.
Reading words is a different process. When the eye scans distinctive individual letters arranged
AND
of writ¬ten words emerges in a one-at-a-time fashion

Tournament: CEDA Nationals | Round: 4 | Opponent: Central Oklahoma University | Judge: Andy Montee

Counterplan: The United States Federal Government should extend eligibility for wind power Tribal Energy Resource Agreements to tribal energy resource development organizations composed of Native American tribes and waive tribal environmental review requirements for wind power production under the Indian Tribal Energy Development and Self-Determination Act of 2005.

We advocate this plan text minus the justifications in the 1AC.

Understanding how our rhetoric affects the way we make policy is a prerequisite to the policy itself, otherwise they are will be doomed to fail.

Loge 2005
Peter Loge ~The George Washington University; Former Director, The Justice Project~ Publisher: Drake University Law Review ~53 Drake L. Rev. 693~ Lexis-Nexis
"A critical piece in the politics of the policy puzzle is language - how
AND
. As such, political language and issue framing is hotly contested ground."

Native American definition

Webster 13 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/native%20american-http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/native american)
Native American noun¶ Definition of NATIVE AMERICAN¶ : a member of any of the aboriginal peoples of the western hemisphere; especially : a Native American of North America and especially the United States

Indian definition

Webster 13 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/indian)
In•di•an noun \ˈin-dē-ən, dialect -jən or -din\¶ Definition of INDIAN¶ 1¶ a : a native or inhabitant of India or of the East Indies¶ b : a person of Indian descent

Indigenous definition

Webster 13 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/indigenous)
in•dig•e•nous adjective \in-ˈdi-jə-nəs\¶ Definition of INDIGENOUS¶ 1¶ : produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment indigenous plants the indigenous culture

Reasons to prefer and vote neg

1. Precision – using precise terms is key to understanding and coalition building. We can never know where they are coming from if we do not know what they are saying to begin with. Their 1AC switches between using the terms "Native American," "Indigenous," and "Indian" throughout the evidence and tags. Prefer our definitions which show that these terms can refer to completely different groups of people.
   2. Better plan writing – it’s more than half way through the year. They should at least know how to copy and paste the resolution – key to educating us to exist as effective advocates in the real world. Example – we can’t protest "Wall Coal" instead of "Wall Street" and create effective change. They should be able to justify all of their case in a coherent way.
   3. Fairness – The aff needs to stick to a stable advocacy in order for us to be able to generate offense on their positions. Otherwise, they can claim advantages which have nothing to do with the implementation of the plan.

Communication-based misunderstanding leads to deadly disasters.

CELC ’11 ~Center for English Language Communication at The National University of Singapore, Intercultural Communication, January,http://courses.nus.edu.sg/course/elcttr/ES2002/ES2002_Jan2011/004_IC_ES2002_Jan2011.pdf~~====**

Communication breakdown cannot probably be more costly than in business and professional contexts because this
AND
cultural differences, among other communication-based causes (Jones, 2003).