Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
States CP

Therefore, we offer the following counter-plan: The 50 states should INSERT PLAN TEXT HERE.

We should learn from successful examples abroad and enable states to set energy policy. It informs producers and consumers how they see energy policy, while opening up a domino effect of jobs into that state, and letting other states see how well it works. Federal mandates don’t do any of this.
McCallum 12
(McCallum, Ed April 2012. Renewable Energy Companies Prepare for Rising Tide of Demand. McCallum Sweeney Consulting. Retrieved from: http://www.areadevelopment.com/EnergyEnvironment/April2012/renewable-energy-industry-investment-locations-363528722.shtml)
At the risk of sounding redundant, states without an RPS should be aware that
AND
consider the locations that already have an understanding of the renewable energy sector. 

Internal Net-Benefit-
The Supreme Court’s interpretation of cooperative federalism regarding the environment rejects national uniformity. The plan would eviscerate this principal.
Glicksman 06
(Glicksman, Robert September 1, 2006. Professor of Law at the University of Kansas. FROM COOPERATIVE TO INOPERATIVE FEDEALISM: THE PERVERSE MUTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY. Wake Forest Law Review, Vol 41.)
The Supreme Court’s multifarious exposure to cooperative federalism ventures has provided it with the occasion
AND
authorities to make at least some decisions, subject to minimum federal standards.
First, American federalism is the lynchpin of global security.
Calebresi 95
(Calebresi, Stephen December 1995. Associate Professor, Northwestern University School of Law. “Reflections on United States v. Lopez: "A GOVERNMENT OF LIMITED AND ENUMERATED POWERS": IN DEFENSE OF UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ,” 94 Mich. L. Rev. 752. Michigan Law Review)
Small state federalism is a big part of what keeps the peace in countries like
AND
absorb more completely the attention of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Modeled US Federalism prevents war.
Howard 03
(Howard, Dick June 25, 2003. White Burkett Miller Professor of Law and Public Affairs, University of Virginia. TOWARD CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY IN IRAQ: AN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE. Retrieved from: http://judiciary.senate.gov/testimony.cfm?id=826andwit_id=2344)
Federalism. Formal federalism, as charted by the U.S. Constitution, may or may not be appropriate in other countries. Federalism, however, is a system which has many variants and is found in one form or another around the world. Federalism and its cousins (such as devolution) is associated with values of pluralism, diversity, and local choices about local problems. Such arrangements may be especially important to defuse conflicts of nationality or ethnicity.

Tournament: SFSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Obama will win now, but just barely.

Bernstein 9/28/12

(Bernstein, Jonathan September 28, 2012. Obama is on track to win, but backers shouldn’t get overconfident. Here’s why. The Washington Post. Retrieved from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/post/obama-is-on-track-to-win-but-dont-get-overconfident-heres-why)

One way of gaming out what is happening in this election is to compare George

AND

moving Obama higher. But of course things could change at any moment.

Renewable energy splits the Democratic base – environment against unions.

Livengood 12

(Livengood, Chad September 8, 2012. Jobs vs. green energy debate splits Dems at Michigan convention. The Detroit News. Retrieved from: http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120908/POLITICS01/209080389/Jobs-vs-green-energy-debate-splits-Dems-Michigan-convention?odyssey=tab%7Ctopnews%7Ctext%7CFRONTPAGE)

A November ballot proposal seeking a 25 percent renewable energy mandate in the state constitution

AND

," Hammel said. "And we just don't have that on this."

Union support key to Obama’s re-election.

Mead 12

(Mead, Walter Russell August 24, 2012. Are Unions the Key to Obama's Reelection?. The American Interest. Retrieved from: http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/08/24/are-unions-the-key-to-obamas-reelection/)

That’s the question the FT is asking. It’s an important question. Major drives

AND

roughly doubling the AFL-CIO’s reach, according to the labour union.

Romney kills Russian relations and causes war
 Richter 7-2 Paul, LATimes, July 2, 2012, “Russian official: Romney's hard line could bring 'full-scale crisis',” latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-russian-official-romneys-hard-line-could-bring-fullscale-crisis-20120702,0,4689534.story, spencer

MOSCOW -- Mitt Romney’s comment that Russia is America’s “No. 1 geopolitical foe

AND

” as a partner for Russia in a second term, Pushkov said.

US/Russia nuke war causes extinction.

Bostrom 02 (Dr. Nick Bostrom, Professor of Philosophy and Global Studies at Yale, 3/8/02, “Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards,” http://www.transhumanist.com/volume9/risks.html)

With the exception of a species-destroying comet or asteroid impact (an extremely

AND

preludes to the existential risks that we will encounter in the 21st century.

Tournament: SFSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Our interpretation
The aff must defend a topical plan under this year’s resolution. The colon indicates that the USFG is the agent of the resolution.
 Webster’s ‘00 Guide to Grammar and Writing, http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm

Use a colon  :  before a list or an explanation that is preceded
AND
colon. The advice given above is consistent with the Gregg Reference Manual. 

And, “Resolved” means taking a specific courses of action.
American Heritage Dictionary ‘06 American Heritage Dictionary, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved

INTRANSITIVE VERB:1. To reach a decision or make a determination: resolve on a course of action. 2. To  become separated or reduced to constituents. 3. Music To undergo resolution.   

We believe the best for of debate is a competing dialogue – the creation of a “counterword” in direct response to a “word” is necessary for real understanding.
Bahktin’90 Russian philopher and novelist, quoted in 1990, ed. Biz/ell and Herzberg, The Rhetorical Tradition, pg. 944

We have already had occasion to speak of the philological type of passive understanding,
AND
the current of verbal intercourse endows a word with the light of meaning.

B. The Violation

1. Their action is not federal government action.
   Black’s Law Dictionary ‘99 Dictionary, Seventh Edition, p.703

A national government that exercises some degree of control over smaller political units that have surrendered some degree of power in exchange for the right to participate in national political matters.

2.  They don’t respond to the respond to the resolution with a specific course of action.
3. They disrupt fairness norms -
A) Predictable ground is different and more important than ground: predictable ground can only come from the resolution because it is the only stable pre-tournament director of research—the fact that there is “neg” to their aff doesn’t mean we could have anticipated and adequately researched all those ideas to compete fairly.
B) They decimate level playing field: We may have some options but not the generic ground the negative is entitled to via fairness norms and the aff obligation to provide us a place at the table. It’s like inviting us to play football but we are the only ones expected to play without a ball – sure, we can play, but we can never score.
C) Breadth is worse than depth – having a lopsided debate about strategy is not as good as a debate on the central questions of the resolution.
D) Crushes topic specific education – one of the things we get out of the debate is the ability to flesh out ideas on a given topic over the course of the year – they deny us of this awesome opportunity by redirecting the conversation.
E) If they argue that the educational value of their arguments outweigh fairness, they are putting the cart before the horse – saying education outweighs fairness begs the questions of whether you provide productive education and the only way to judge this if the neg has the ability to predictably research answers to your arguments.
C. Impacts and reasons to vote

1.  Fairness norms are critical to fostering an effective dialogic—abandoning them undermines diversity
   Muir ’93 Star Muir, prof. of speech communication @ George Mason University, 1993. (Philosophy and Rhetoric, vol. 26; pg. 290-291 

A final point about relativism is that switch-side debate encourages fairness and equality
AND
knowledge of alternative views and the concomitant strength of a reasoned moral conviction.
2.  Dialogic role-playing is key to developing tolerance and empathy—alternative pedagogies risk egocentrism and intolerance.
Muir ‘93 Department of Communication, George Mason University, 93 Star, Philosophy and Rhetoric, 26.4

The first response to the charge of relativism is that switch-side debate respects
AND
reasons, is a central element of any effort to gain such insight.

3.  Oppositional discourses stop otherization and genocide- turns the case.
Ehringer ’70 Douglas Ehninger, prof. of speech communication at the University of Iowa, 1970, (Speech Monographs, vol. 37; 110)

But this process also is reflexive, for insofar as we treat the “other
AND
sic man from sic man and nation from nation.

Tournament: SFSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. There is false sense of urgency constructed by their aff and inherent in the political nature of their response that must be abandoned prior to any ‘fix.’ Their attempt at modernization without addressing the effects of environmental displacement on communities of color makes the replication of these spaces inevitable.
White’02, Assistant Professor of Sociology at RISD Damien Finbar, “A Green Industrial Revolution? Sustainable Technological Innovation in a Global Age,” Environmental Politics, Vol. 11, No. 2, Summer 2002, p. 1-26

A second area of general difficulties need to be addressed through the new political economy
AND
conditions for the workforce, are imported Swatterthwaite, 1997:223.

B. The “pockets” of space and people left behind by their policies are a byproduct of the colonial mindset of environmental progress – this exercise of power, no matter what the intention, is a manifestation and perpetuation of environmental racism.
Bullard ’08 Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center,_Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/PovpolEj.html

The United States is the dominant economic and military force in the world today.
AND
schools, chronic unemployment, high poverty, and overloaded health care systems. 

C. We must take every opportunity to reject racism in all of its manifestations.
Barndt ‘91, co-director of Crossroads (a ministry to dismantle racism), (Joseph, Dismantling Racism, p. 155-156)

To study racism is to study walls.  We have looked at barriers and fences
AND
of the world and ourselves, we dare not allow it to continue.

Tournament: SFSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A.  Interpretation - Substantially needs context to make sense.
Devinsky ‘02  Paul, IP UPDATE, VOLUME 5, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2002, “Is Claim "Substantially" Definite?  Ask Person of Skill in the Art”, http://www.mwe.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/publications.nldetail/object_id/c2c73bdb-9b1a-42bf-a2b7-075812dc0e2d.cfm

In reversing a summary judgment of invalidity, the U.S. Court of
AND
persons experienced in this field of mechanics, upon reading the patent documents."

AND – in terms of the res, whether incentivizing or reducing restrictions, that means 15%.
The Climate Group ’12 THE STATE OF NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA,http://www.theclimategroup.org/who-we-are/our-members/the-state-of-north-rhine-westphalia, accessed 9/26/12

Renewable energy The new climate protection bill plans for a substantial increase in renewable energy
AND
number of heat pumps installed in NRW to 200,000 by 2020.
B. Violation – aff is too small, they just .
C.  Standards and reasons to vote

1.  Limits – allowing insubstantial affs unlimits the topic and decimates our ability to prepare preround.
   2.  Ground – the only core neg disads are politics and spending based arguments – small affs avoid the core issue of the topic.
    Topicality is a voter for fairness and education.

Tournament: SFSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A. Interpretation -
The plural use of incentives and restrictions in the resolution means the aff must increase more than one method of a financial incentive and/or reduce multiple restrictions for energy production.
Collins English Dictionary ‘12 plural. (n.d.). Collins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 10th Edition,from Dictionary.com

plural (ˈplʊərəl) — adj 1. containing, involving, or composed of more than one person, thing, item, etc: a plural society 2. denoting a word indicating that more than one referent is being referred to or described — n 3. grammar a. the plural number b. a plural form 

B. Violation – the aff only deals with one method of financial incentive/restriction
 C. Standards and reasons to vote neg -
Limits – allowing any one piece of technology or waiver to be removed explodes the topic to any number of tiny, unpredictable cases.
Bidirectionality- A team can remove a small restriction, and then claim that the remaining restrictions increase effeciency, destroying any possibility of case offense.  
Ground – gives them the most specific link turns and advantage ground – makes being neg impossible.
Topicality is a voter for fairness and education.

Tournament: SFSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Text:  The United States federal government should engage in prior, binding, meaningful consultation
with indigenous tribes regarding ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬.  The United States federal
government will implement any policy arising out of the consultation.
Observation 1: not topical
1) The counterplan doesn’t increase financial incentives or reduce restrictions,  it engages in a process of consultation about increasing social services.
2) Violates Resolved:  which means to stand firm:
Dictionary.com, 2009 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/resolved)
re⋅solved  /rɪˈzɒlvd/ Show Spelled ri-zolvd Show IPA
Use resolved in a Sentence –adjective firm in purpose or intent; determined.

3) Violates Should: which means “must do” the counterplan doesn’t guarantee an increase in financial incentives or reduction in restrictions --

Should ʃʊd/ Show
AND
not do that.
 
Consult the Natives Counterplan (2/3)
Observation 2:  The counterplan solves the case --
The Counterplan solves better than the plan:  tribal consultation leads to the best policies for each tribe.
EDWARD K. THOMAS, 1995 (PRESIDENT
CENTRAL COUNCIL OF THE TLINGIT AND HAIDA INDIAN TRIBES OF ALASKA,
May 18, 1995, http://www.archive.org/stream/biataskforcehear00unit/biataskforcehear00unit_djvu.txt)
The opportunity for
AND
bad for them.
Observation 3:  The net benefit
Previous consultation processes prove--Consultation processes make tribes full partners in the process—the plan merely continues the legacy of colonization.
WENDELL CHINO, 1995 (MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE, HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE, http://www.archive.org/stream/biataskforcehear00unit/biataskforcehear00unit_djvu.txt)
The Joint Tribal BIA Tribal Department of the Interior Advisory Task Force on the reorganization
AND
participatory consultation process, tribes have been full partners in the recommendations presented.

Consult the Natives Counterplan (3/3)

Bringing indigenous views back into the picture is necessary for global survival.
Dean B. Suagee, 1992 (J.D., University of North Carolina, University of Michigan Law School,
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 25 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 671, Lexis, Accessed July 6, 2009)
The global
AND
into the picture.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cal Poly SLO- CI | Judge: TP
A. Their appeal to political action, is a veil,  and reinforces human-centric politics.
Dell’Aversano ‘10 Carmen, “the love whose name cannot be spoken: queering the human-animal bond” journal for critical animal studies, volume III issue 1 and 2, 2010

And reciprocally, everything
AND
―a queer oppositional politics‖ (Edelman 2004: 13). 

B. We must deny the urge to align ourselves with their human-centric politics – it is an all or nothing question- he even states in cross-x that humans agency
Dell’Aversano ‘10 Carmen, “the love whose name cannot be spoken: queering the human-animal bond” journal for critical animal studies, volume III issue 1 and 2, 2010

A real ―oxymoronic community of difference‖, embracing not only all possible variants of
AND
to be different from what we are, to have moved beyond ourselves. 

C. Their authors create the illusion of a disaster myth- this shapes how we view policy and the round Creation of disaster myths shape a violent and disposable view of non-human animals except when human animals feel their loss threatens their own extinction
Irvine ’06, Ph.D. in sociology and teaches at the University of Colorado Leslie, Animals in Disasters: Issues for Animal Liberation Activism and Policy, Animal Liberation Philosophy and Policy Journal, Volume IV, Issue 1,http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_5/irvine.pdf 

Disaster myths have a parallel in animal rights activism, particularly direct action. For
AND
public relations move, to demonstrate that citizens are protected from “terrorism.” 

D. Disaster response is speciesist- their approach to the environment is not to save the environment- it is to save the environment because they want to preserve more human life- this view terminally places the human-animal in exaltation above non-human animal life
Irvine ’06, Ph.D. in sociology and teaches at the University of Colorado Leslie, Animals in Disasters: Issues for Animal Liberation Activism and Policy, Animal Liberation Philosophy and Policy Journal, Volume IV, Issue 1,http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/Issue_5/irvine.pdf 

In addition to the pitfalls of institutional thinking, the disaster response system, at
AND
of these and other issues, I turn now to the case studies. 

E. Vote neg to reject the 1ac —maintaining the human-non-human binary dooms them to endless cycles of subordination and violence.
Best ’07, Associate Professor, Departments of Humanities and Philosophy University of Texas, El Paso Steven, Charles Patterson, The Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust New York: Lantern Books, 2002, 280 pp

While a welcome advance over the anthropocentric conceit that only humans shape human actions,
AND
and stewardship, which however was Judaic moral baggage official Chistianithy left behind. 

Their Aff- Critiquing the Res via Sexuality

1NC-
Framework- Plan Focus
T- Substantially
Enviro-Justice
States

2NR- Framework

1AC- Solar FiT's

1NC-
Politics
China Tariffs CP
States CP
T- Substantially
Case- Solvency and Econ

2NR- Politics

1AC- Solar FiT's

1NC-
Russian Oil
States CP
Poltiics- MidEast War Impx
T- Incentives=Cash Transfer
Case- Solvency/Inherency and Capitalism Turn

1NR- Russian Oil

1AC- Mountain Top Removal Liminality

1NC
Framework- USFG- Realism
T- USFG
Aff- Solar FiT's

2NR
Framework
Aff- Solar FiT's

Bye

1AC- Natives Wind

1NC-
Consult Natives CP
Specieism K- Don't have the 1NC at the moment- will update
T- More than One
T- Substantially

2NR
Consult Natives CP

Bye

AFF CalPoly SLO- Offshore Wind-
Grid ADV
Environment ADV

NEG-
Speciesism K
Case Arguments

Vote Aff- Go for the Perm

Aff- SMR's- DOD procurement
Heg ADV
Prolif ADV

Neg-
Procurement T
States CP
Enviro-Racism K
Case args

AFF- Solar FiT's
Economy ADV
Human Rights ADV

NEG- Stanford

Housing Vouchers CP
States CP
Politics DA

AFF- Solar FiT's
Economy ADV
Human Rights ADV

NEG- Stanford

Housing Vouchers CP
States CP
Politics DA