Erwig-Ward Neg

Template

RD2 1NC

1. The Affirmative should defend the implementation of a policy by the United States Federal Government

WordNet, Princeton University, 2003, p. http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=us%20government 

U.S. government n  [...] Government, U.S.]

Three net benefits:

First is predictability—
This Outweighs their Turns: Failure to establish research parameters leads to the Failure of Design Games

Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine  and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1) 

The design games offered below owe  [...] gamemaster ultimately controls the project.  

Predictable research and project parameters are key to innovation—this is the best internal link to education

Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine  and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1) 

The development and implementation of  [...] the pieces  outside of the rules

This education is uniquely important because some government violence is inevitable – we must reject utopianism and debate the consequences of policy action

Michael Ignatieff, Carr Professor, Human Rights, Harvard University, LESSER EVILS, 2004, p. 18-19.

To insist that justified exercises of  [...] their judgment as to their correctness.

Second is participatory democracy—
We must posit ourselves as the government in order to make participatory democracy possible

John Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 1999, p. 56-57

How is the ideal of  [...] of peace and understanding among peoples.

Participatory democracy is critical to instating human dignity as the core of our politics

Envio 1990, Issue 105 “Whither Central America? Coopted Negotiation or Participatory Democracy?” http://www.envio.org.ni/articulo/2597

With the first choice Eastern  [...] “more of the same.”

Third is hypothesis-testing—
Theories or approaches to the world must culminate in a test, in this case a policy—this is critical to social science—it prevents theory from being a trap and leads to more well-informed social sciences
Judith Mitchell Buddenbaum, Ph.D and professor of Journalism at Colorado State and Katherine B. Novak assistant professor at Butler, 2001. “Applied Communication Research” Iowa State University Press

Although deductive reasoning is the classical  [...] become the stuff of theory.

Testing these in a dialectical atmosphere is critical to ethical decisionmaking—debate is a unique forum for this education

Star Muir, professor in the department of communication at George Mason University, 1993. Philosophy and Rhetoric, volume 26, number 4, page 278. “The Ethics of Contemporary Debate”

Modern debate. Murphy insists,  [...] their own moral identity.

Framework Rules: 1NC

Intepretation: the affirmative must defend a topical plan or a topical advocacy statement

There are infinite ways to defend a topical plan without reproducing the problematic norms of debate OR foreign policy. The only boundary to our play upon the rules of the topic are human creativity and time.

We will not defend rules in their totality but starting point rules are unique in their pedagogical value

Game rules inspire creativity and pedagogical transformation.

Armstrong 2K
(Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”)

The contradictory combination of restriction and  [...] the limits shaping their interactions.

Predictable Research Outweighs their Turns: Failure to establish research parameters leads to the Failure of Design Games… and a Collapse of Play.

Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine  and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1) 

The design games offered below owe  [...] gamemaster ultimately controls the project.  

Healthy play is key to learning to avoid violence and social domination.

Boyd 04
(Brian, University of Auckland, “LAUGHTER AND LITERATURE: A PLAY THEORY OF HUMOR,” Philosophy and Literature, vol. 28)

Play has been observed in many  [...] the unexpected. Both appear necessary. 

Rules, research, innovation and choice, and the enforcement of rules make sure that design games provide radical creative possibilities.

Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine  and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1) 

There are a number of  [...] with an infinite  database of possibilities. 

Rules within games need to be viewed in their Particularity… NOT by their epistemology or ontology.

Armstrong 2K
(Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”)

From the early days of  [...] obtained” (FI xi). 

Specifically, focusing debate on arguments about the consequences of institutional action is a revolutionary view of the political that re-orients citizen action and invigorates social interdependence

Adolf G. Gundersen, Associate Professor, Political Science, Texas A&M University, POLITICAL THEORY AND PARTISAN POLITICS, 2K p. 108-109.

Will deliberation work the same  [...] allegiance to democratic deliberation.

The aff is a proper principled approach to politics but must give way to strategic political interventions or risk holocaust

Slavoj Žižek Senior Researcher at Institute for Social Sciences at the University of Ljubljana, 2001, lacan.com 1997/2001. http://www.lacan.com/replenin.htm, Accessed: 8/26/10. uo-tjs

So how are we to  [...] , limitation of child labor...

Fair Play: 1NC

1. It Violates Non-Consensual Reciprocity: Their appeal to the sublime pleasure of rule-breaking is naïve, self-destructive, and violates the basic premise of Fair Play… which is that we submit ourselves to ground rules even if we don’t like them.

Armstrong 2K (Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”)

The ideal polis of play  [...] coercive and determining.
 

2. We co-opt their offense because Game rules inspire creativity and pedagogical transformation.

Armstrong 2K
(Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”)

The contradictory combination of restriction  [...] the limits shaping their interactions.

• 3.  Play Short-Circuits their Offense: Topicality is NOT like genocide. NONE OF THEIR EVIDENCE assumes a Game situation mediating social Play. Rules within games need to be viewed in their Particularity… NOT by their epistemology or ontology.

Armstrong 2K
(Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”)

From the early days of  [...] obtained” (FI xi). 

THUS:
We propose that the best model for play allows pre-formed rules to establish limits, but offer radical originality within, between, and upon those rules.

1. This provides a model for social power… preserving both the rules for instrumental play and the liberation of free-play.

Armstrong 2K (Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”)

On the other hand,  [...] for the ethical use of power. 

2.  Predictable Research Outweighs their Turns: Failure to establish research parameters leads to the Failure of Design Games… and a Collapse of Play.

Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine  and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1) 

The design games offered below  [...] gamemaster ultimately controls the project.  

Their criticism relies on a judgmental grammar which evaluates the status quo out of arbitrarily constructed criteria.  This reproduces the modern violence which they criticize.
George Pavlich, Professor of Law & Sociology at University of Alberta, “Experiencing Critique,” Law and Critique, (2005) 16: 95-112, Springer. uo-tjs

Imagine this rather ordinary event.  [...] of Derrida’s notions of hospitality.4

The 1AC is a typical leftist response to oppression that remains silent in the face of the on-going colonization of native North America. The plan serves as a mask for the state, but its existence is contingent upon a continuing legacy of colonization that guarantees exploitation – only by giving back the land and rethinking our relationship to this colonization as THE starting point to oppression can we solve the classism, racism, sexism, and militarism which make violence and extinction inevitable

Our alternative is US off the planet 

Ward Churchill 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 520 – 530)

I’ll debunk some of this nonsense  [...] militaristic order on non-Indians.

1NR

The inherent contradiction of the Western Metanarrative permits the atrocities of Enlightenment and Manifest Destiny by rationalizing the benefits. It is this complacency, however, which makes global violence both possible and inevitable – this means the K is a prerequisite to halting the imperial march of Pax Americana

William Spanos, Distinguished Professor of English and comparative literature at Binghamton University “America's shadow: an anatomy of empire,” 2000.

The "qualification" might  [...] fulfilled technological/instrumental phase.

This is why the plan should be a question of ontology – the American character is infested with the desire to kill, and the killing of Native Americans makes all other killing possible – ignoring the K is the root cause of all war 

Paul Street, author, March 11, 2004.
[“Those Who Deny the Crimes of the Past Reflections on American Racist Atrocity Denial, 1776-2004,” http://thereitis.org/displayarticle242.html]

It is especially important to appreciate  [...] and motive to do so. 

Lack of decolonization will result in our eventual extinction it is try or die with the alternative 

Churchill, 99
WARD CHURCHILL,  TITLE:A Breach of Trust: The Radioactive Colonization of Native North America  SOURCE: American Indian Culture and Research Journal 23 no4 1999

 It is worth observing that  [...] them the possibility of life itself.