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Using the world as a source of energy to be ‘used’ reduces existence to self-interest and slides into nihilism, as if energy can be stockpiled, why not humans for the same end, to unlock use? This is the circularity of utility –fossil fuels are burnt to wage wars to get fossil fuels. Nuclear war doesn’t loom in the irrationality of the international arena but becomes feasible only when tendency to expend is papered over by ‘useful’ policy goals. 

Stoekl 7 [Allan, Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Penn State University, Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability, 53-59](garreth)

"Bad duality," as I crudely put it, is the indulgence in expenditure

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which the person has been transformed in and through death, have disappeared.

The world of reserve, in insisting that every action is useful makes positive burn-off impossible and nuclear destruction inevitable.

Stoekl 7 [Allan, Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Penn State University, Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability, 42-46](garreth)

And yet, if we think a bit more deeply about these two approaches to

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and hence, perhaps, the world’s (but not modernity’s) survival.

Allowing mechanized energy to run out, and accepting the uncertainty it entails, is good.

Stoekl 7 [Allan, Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Penn State University, Bataille’s Peak: Energy, Religion, and Postsustainability, 202-205](garreth)

And a number of authors recently have been concerned with the methods we might use

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, affirming the movement of expenditure at its Varda-esque heart.38 

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We always read a lot more links that depend on the aff.  The alternative also changes based upon the affirmative.  

Modern energy production is oriented around a challenging of nature that is premised on a larger technological mode of Being that seeks to extract, store, and place energy and all of nature at our disposal.  This places nature into a state of standing reserve. 

Beckman 2000 – Emertius Professor of Philosophy at Harvey Mudd College (Tad, “Martin Heidegger and Environmental Ethics,” http://www2.hmc.edu/~tbeckman/personal/Heidart.html)

Perhaps it is not difficult to understand the separate paths of the fine arts,

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their subjective status of standing-ready for human design. (8)

This standing reserve is the result of a Will that seeks to reduce the world into an orderable and predictable framework.  This ontology represents a constant consumption which renders all beings as objects which allows for large scale warfare and environmental destruction. 

Zimmerman 81 (Michael, Professor of Philosophy at Tulane University, “Eclipse of the Self: The Development of Heidegger’s Concept of Authenticity,” p. 220-224)

In 1951 Heidegger noted that Spengler’s ideas of the “decline of the West”

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) which are the key symptoms of the modern age. In a marginal

There are fates worse than death to maintain our biological definition of life by sacrificing the foundations of which makes life worth living is to reside in a perpetual state of dying far worse than nuclear annihilation. 

Zimmerman 94 (Michael E., Professor of Philosophy at Tulane University, Contesting Earth’s Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity, 119-20)

Heidegger asserted that human self-assertion, combined with the eclipse of being,

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species are somehow lessened because they were never "disclosed" by humanity.

Nuke power links/impacts
Your process of producing nuclear power is a reduction of nature to standing reserve.

Kinsella ’06 (Wiiliam, Ph.D Assistant Professor at North Carolina State University, “Heidegger and Being at the Hanford Reservation: Linking Phenomenology,Environmental Communication, and Communication Theory”, http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/9/0/9/8/pages90982/p90982-1.php)

 In his essay on “the question concerning technology,” Heidegger (1977c)

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implicit in the founding premises of modernism (Kinsella, 2004, 2005).

Your aff  is a fig leaf that depoliticizes American panoptic regulation of international nuclear exchanges, directly legitimizing securitizing violence against those outside of this newfound epistemic community of peace.

Peter Stoett, Department of Political Science @ Concordia, 2003, “Toward Renewed Legitimacy? Nuclear Power, Global Warming, and Security” Global Environmental Politics 3:1 P. MUSE

The nuclear industry, and its state protectors and promoters, offers an illustrative example

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was a need to establish a greater surveillance function at the international level.

The politics of the standing reserve reduce all beings to objects of its own manipulation—destroys value to life by sacrificing ethics in the name of protecting instrumental value

Mitchell, 2k5

(Andrew J., Stanford University, “Heidegger and Terrorism”, Research in Phenomenology, 35)

The elimination of difference in the standing-reserve along with the elimination of national

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has already taken place. Human resources do not die, they perish.

Nuke power alt: We must reject the aff to politicize the knowledge produced concerning nuclear power and its relationship to IR in general.

Peter Stoett, Department of Political Science @ Concordia, 2003, “Toward Renewed Legitimacy? Nuclear Power, Global Warming, and Security” Global Environmental Politics 3:1 P. MUSE

Though its proponents argue nuclear power is the victim of exaggerated dangers, few would

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is intended largely to provide the necessary background for such a research project.

Traditional politics involve a violent imposition of a program on being that attempts to order both physical and human nature.  Our thinking represents an opening that is the only conceivable way to create a politics that doesn’t subordinate everything to technological understanding. 

Geiman 1 – Faculty Member Department of Philosophy Saint Xavier University (Clare Pearson, “Heideggers Antigones,” http://sxu.academia.edu/ClarePearson/Papers/546770/Heideggers_Antigones)

With the move to poetic thinking, Heidegger's characterization of the "destiny" of

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it is fundamentally nonviolent. Poetic thinking points to just such a move."

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Predominance theory fails to explain the post-world war II era – history proves

Human Security Report Project 2011 Human Security Report Project is an independent research centre affiliated with Simon Fraser University (SFU) in Vancouver, Canada, Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes of Peace and the Shrinking Costs of War

http://hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR20092010/20092010HumanSecurityReport-Part1-CausesOfPeace.pdf

As with other realist claims, there are reasons for skepticism about the peace through

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explanations for the strategic successes of militarily weak insurgents in national liberation wars.

Hegemony doesn’t solve global conflicts

Mearsheimer 2011 (John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, The National Interest, Imperial by Design, lexis)

One year later, Charles Krauthammer emphasized in "The Unipolar Moment" that the

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heady days of the early 1990s have given way to a pronounced pessimism.

US leadership is unsustainable and è mass suffering, militarism and conflict

Boggs 2005 (Carl, Professor of Social Science at National University, Imperial Delusions p. x-xiii)

As, the United States moves to reshape the geopolitical terrain of the world,

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already contributed to destabilization of the same global system it aspires to dominate.

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The plan is a quick fix to the problem of accumulation – increasing production in one area doesn’t solve the crisis just relocates its over-accumulation

Bryant PhD student, Department of Political Economy University of Sydney 2011 Gareth Displacing Ecological Crisis: The Clean Development Mechanism as a Spatial Fix - Presentation @ Nature 2011 Conference http:~/~/www.iss.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/iss/Documents/Conference_presentations/NatureInc_Gareth_pdf

Capitalist development is characterised by the constant displacement of crises associated with   its internal contradictions

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the inevitable   reproduction of the same overaccumulation tendencies (Harvey 2003:117).

Domestic energy production is the cornerstone of American imperialism

Scherrer Teacher and Socialist Equality Party candidate for US VP 2012 Phyllis Obama: US can become "Saudi Arabia of natural gas" Marxist Update 5/18 http:~/~/marxistupdate.blogspot.com/2012/05/html

There is an additional, and even more ominous, factor at work. Obama

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to both protect the environment and put an end to poverty and inequality."

Focus on subjective violence and easily identifiable flashpoints of conflict misses the boat – only focusing on the background or objective violence can solve root cause – cannot be viewed from the same stand point – the call to act will be strong but responding creates a stop-gap which prevents engaging in criticisms of capital

Zizek 2008 Slavoj Violence p 1-4

If there is a unifying thesis that runs through the bric-a-brac

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variations on violence kept at a distance out of respect towards its victims.

Resisting reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale

Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol

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abject Other to that of a ‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix.

Market based approaches make ecological capitalism impossible – their reliance on economic incentives assures fast warming and extinction

Harriss-White, Professor of Development Studies, Oxford, 2006  Barbara Undermining Sustainable Capitalism: The Market-Driven Politics of Renewable Energy socialistregister.com/socialistregister.com/files/ecolbhweh19Oct06.doc

Fossil energy underwrites and saturates capitalist social organisation.   The energetics of capitalist production

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capital polices its ecological limits : poor people tread with small ecological footprints.

Capitalism is imperialism—it fuels a genocidal foreign policy that threatens global destruction.

Foster editor at Monthly Review 2003 John Bellamy The Monthly Review The New Age of Imperialism http://www.monthlyreview.org/0703jbf.htm

At the same time, it is clear that in the present period of global

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” the United States may be paving the way to new global holocausts.

Demand for urgency is a product of hypocritical outrage meant to extend the privilege of global capitalism – our alternative is to do nothing in the face of the affirmative

Zizek 2008 Slavoj Violence p 6-8

Let’s think about the fake sense of urgency that pervades the left-liberal

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to “learn, learn, and learn” what causes this violence.

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Your epistemology is built on stolen land— Your theory effaces and defers the Settler Colonialism of Empire, which ensures the continued genocide of indigenous people

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, 6-7)

Despite scholars' acknowledgments of the coterminous processes of¶ imperialism and colonialism located along the

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my attempt to consider how and why that might be the¶ case.

The Indian is the ontological prior through which your theory functions.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, p. xxxv)

To that end, the first chapter interrogates the Indian errant at the heart¶

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States continues its global wars on terror, the environment, and livability.

Your theory’s knowledge production maintains the structural antagonism of civil society through the parallax gaps that form a cacophony of colonialist logics. Its eradication of indigeneity dooms your epistemology and creates the stage for colonial expansion globally.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, p. 40)

This chapter considers the representational logics at work in Shakespeare’s

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en scene of U.S. neocolonialism and imperialism around the world. 

Your epistemology’s deferral of colonialism perpetuate the violent collisions and cacophony that make the transit of global empire possible— Your epistemology of oppression ignores Settler Colonialism’s dependence on the ontological exclusion of the Indian to social death. The colonial traces of your philosophy replicate civil society’s antagonistic structure of violence.

Byrd, 2011(Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, p. 20-21)

On the threshold, then, of "the necessity with the aleatory, chaos

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sovereignty as a source of violence, remedy,¶ memory, and grievability.

Your epistemology’s prior ontological exclusion of the Indian ‘Savage’ is the clearing that locks western civil society into a structural antagonism of genocide. This turns all attempts at transformative politics.

Wilderson 10 (p. 141-145)

Well over twenty thousand Westerns and frontier films have been

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I have indicated “transition” is merely a euphemism for disavowal).

The alternative is to reject the aff: Rejection is the first step to the prioritization of Indian epistemologies as an intervention to empire.  Your genocidal effacement of the radical alterity of the Indian is at the heart of Settler Colonialism’s biopolitical governance over life and death.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, xii-xiii)

This book, then, is a journey of sorts, its method mnemonic as

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in decolonial,¶ restorative justice tied to land, life, and grievability.

Method is key to epistemology: The epistemological prioritization of decolonialization must come first. Only the alternative avoids the genocidal practices of theory and dismantles the structures of Settler Colonialism.

Byrd, 2011 (Jodi,  The Transit of Empire, Assistant Professor of American Indian Studies and English at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. – Chickasaw, p. xxxiv-xxxv)

As Sankaran Krishna illustrates, the problem of postcolonialism for indigenous

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questions reflect the best of our governance and diplomatic traditions.  

1NCs have included Indian Epistemologies, Bataille, Heidegger, Hegemony bad