Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Native Economy – 1AC
Plan: The United States federal government should remove restrictions on tribal authority to trade tax credits and should authorize American Indian eligibility for Production Tax credits.
Contention 1: Native American Economy
The current Wind Production Tax Credits function as disincentives to Native Americans because of the unique context of tribal status.
Spears 6 - (Patrick, President of Intertribal Council On Utility Policy, “Tribal Joint Venture Production Tax Credit: An Intertribal COUP Background Policy Paper for a Comparable and Appropriate Tribal Energy Production Incentive”, http://www.tribesandclimatechange.org/docs/tribes_186.doc) T. Snider
Current federal renewable energy incentives serve to underwrite the … tribal renewable energy development.
Plan is key for Native American jobs – solves their economy
Reynolds 7 - (Jerry, Staff Writer for Indian Country Today, 9/12, Indian Country Today, Volume 27, Issue 14)
"Fortunately, tribal elders possess world views and life-ways … as well as an exemplary step back for us all from the brink of "global burning."
Despite the economic recovery, natives have been left out of the economic recovery – Unemployment on reservations are now 80-90 percent.
Bender 6-12 (Albert, historian and attorney specializing in Native American law, Native Americans left out of economic recovery, as always, http://www.peoplesworld.org/native-americans-left-out-of-economic-recovery-as-always-2/) AL
Up until the past few weeks, there had been a lot of hoopla … South Dakota's overall unemployment rate is 4.7 percent, exclusive of reservations.
Their poor economic condition is what allows tribes to be blackmailed and coerced by government and corporate entities into using native land for nuclear waste dumps
Brook 98’ - (Dan, Sociology professor at Cal Berkley, "The Environmental Genocide: Native Americans and Toxic Waste." American Journal of Economics and Sociology, January 1998, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3487423) AL
One very significant toxic threat to Native Americans … applied for the $100,000 exploratory grants as well (Angel1991, 16-17).
And this nuclear waste disposal is genocide
Brook 98’ (Dan, Sociology professor at Cal Berkley, "The Environmental Genocide: Native Americans and Toxic Waste." American Journal of Economics and Sociology, January 1998, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3487423) AL
Fighting for environmental justice is a form of self-defense for Native Americans. … than ever in their struggle against environmental racism and for environmental justice.
Nuclear waste dumping is modern genocide by big business
Brook 98’ (Dan, Sociology professor at Cal Berkley, "The Environmental Genocide: Native Americans and Toxic Waste." American Journal of Economics and Sociology, January 1998, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3487423) AL
Genocide against Native Americans continues in modern times with modern techniques … often carried out on and near the reservations with reckless disregard for the lives of Native Americans.(1)
Nuclear waste dumping on Native lands recreates and ideology that leads to global war and ecocide.
Clark 2
(Brett, Sociology, University of Oregon, Organization and Environment, Vol. 15 No. 4, December, em, p. 428-429)
Reservations have increasingly been sought out as sites for the … , as the forces of conquest align to wage war and ecocide against indigenous peoples (and by extension all people) and the earth.
We have a moral obligation to prevent genocide – it affects us all and leads to extinction.
Harff and Gur 81
(Barbara, Prof of Political Science Emerita @ U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD, “Humanitarian Intervention As A Remedy For Genocide,”, p. 40)
One of the most enduring and abhorrent problems of the world is genocide, which is neither particular to a specific race, class, or nation, nor is it rooted in any one, ethnocentric view of the world. …. Since virtually every social group is a potential victim, genocide is a universal concern.
Self-Determination – 1AC
Contention 2: Self-Determination
Status quo precludes self-determination by creating dependency and undermining resource autonomy.
Hall ‘4 - (Tex Hall, President of the National Congress of American Indians, 3-1-2004, http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/filter_detail.asp?itemid=678andprint)
Second, Congress must authorize the Tribal eligibility for the Production Tax Credit (PTC …, which are apportioned under federal law by the percentage of ownership in the production facility.
Plan solves self-determination through development, resource autonomy, and self-governance, which prevent corporate domination.
Shahiniam 8
(Mark, Michigan Law, Tax Man Cometh Not: How the Non-Transferability of Tax Credits Harms Indian Tribes, 32 Am. Indian L. Rev. 267, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journalsandhandle=hein.journals/aind32andpage=267) AL
Tribal sovereignty may be the number one concern of tribes. Indeed, one prominent legal scholar identifies the right of self-government as the tribes' most valuable reserved right. 90 Historically, tribes have had good reason to fear a loss of sovereignty, 91 and modern jurisprudence has done little to assure them of their long-term status. … Or, as one scholar put it, "A federal Indian policy that focuses on the exploitation of tribal natural resources, and not on the development of tribal economies, is doomed to resistance and failure." 98 Much research has been done over the past decade on the factors that make tribal economies prosper, notably by Stephen Cornell, Joseph Kalt, Jonathan *290
This goes global – the plan creates a predictable model for self-determination prevents conflict and wars.
Morris 92 (Associate Poli Sci Professor—University of Colorado (James, The State of Native America, Ed. pp. 78-9)
Most indigenous peoples argue that because their territories have been invaded and incorporated into states without indigenous … remains questionable, and the majority of global conflicts in the world will remain unresolved.
We’ll isolate a Kashmir scenario
First, Global secession is inevitable – the only question is what kind of autonomy is granted
Muller 8
(Professor of History at the Catholic University (Jerry Z., Foreign Affairs, March/April, “Us and Them,” EBSCOhost)
But none of this will make ethnonationalism go away. Immigrants to the United States usually arrive with a willingness to fit into their new country and reshape their identities accordingly. But for those who remain behind in lands where their ancestors have lived for generations, if not centuries, political identities often take ethnic form, producing competing communal claims to political power. … Whether politically correct or not, ethnonationalism
Internal self-determination solve Kashmir Tensions
Carley 1997
(Patricia, United States Institute of Peace, “U.S. RESPONSES TO SELF-DETERMINATION MOVEMENTS: Strategies for Nonviolent Outcomes and Alternatives to Secession,” Report from a Roundtable Held in Conjunction with the Policy Planning Staff of the U.S. Department of State, July, http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/pwks16.pdf)
Although the Kashmir issue involves both India’s … not be possible without some return to the autonomy established in the original accession agreement.
Kashmir models the US self-determination policy
Chadda 5
(Sudhir, India Daily writer, India Daily, “A new concept from Kashmir separatists– United States of Kashmir,” 6-11-2005, http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/3107.asp)
The world is experiencing a new wave of freedom, … Former Hurriyat chairman Abdul Ghani Bhat said sensitivities of India and Pakistan had to be taken into consideration in resolving the issue but the two countries cannot move ahead unless they took the Kashmiris into confidence and engaged them as equal partners in the dialogue process.
Secession movements in Kashmir are happening now
KMS 8-25 (Kashmir Media Service, http://www.kmsnews.org/news/2012/08/25/kashmiris-determined-to-continue-liberation-struggle.html, Kashmiris determined to continue liberation struggle) AL
Srinagar, August 25 (KMS): In occupied Kashmir, the …
On the other hand, five people, including three women, were killed and nine others injured in rain-related incidents across the occupied territory.
The plan is perceived world-wide, other secession movements follow Indian economic development.
Jorgensen 97
(Miriam, Research Associate for the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development and consultant to the Standing Rock Sioux and White Mountain Apache Tribes, 1997, American Indian Studies, p. 137)
In particular, the challenge for American Indian economic development is for it to be indigenously defined and institutionally based. … American Indian nations have the potential to show other countries—from Eastern Europe to Asia and beyond -how development can be done "right."
Kashmir secession leads to indo-pak war – it’s the root of all their conflict
Dhaliwal 8
(Nirpal, former London Evening Standard columnist now working for New Delhi, 6/8, “Not so fast”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jun/08/kashmir.pakistan) T. Snider
Kashmiris do have a right to autonomy and self-determination. But India has an overwhelming right to protect its security and territorial integrity and spread its democratic values. …. While Kashmir may be a pawn in Pakistan's regional game, the Pakistanis themselves are merely pawns in a much bigger Chinese one.
Indo-Pak war over Kashmir goes nuclear
Nuclear Age Peace Foundation 10
(Our Advisory Council includes the following college and university professors; Professor Richard Falk, Princeton University, Dr. Frank Settle, Washington and Lee University, Dr. Michael Wallace, University of British Columbia, Dr. Tom Whaley, Washington and Lee University, Dr. Lawrence S. Wittner, State University of New York, Albany, “India and Pakistan - Nuclear States in Conflict”, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/post-cold-war/india-pakistan/india-pakistan-conflict.htm) AL
Around 30,000 people have died in Kashmir in the last 11 years. What happens in Kashmir is at the heart of the continuing tension between India and Pakistan. … Any mistake or small incident runs the risk of setting off something far, far worse.
Contention 3: Solvency
The plan resolves all the issues with Native American and wind energy
Shahiniam 8’ (Mark, Michigan Law, Tax Man Cometh Not: How the Non-Transferability of Tax Credits Harms Indian Tribes, 32 Am. Indian L. Rev. 267, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journalsandhandle=hein.journals/aind32andpage=267) AL
To help resolve the problems outlined above, Congress should institute taxcredit tradability for tribes, including a tradable PTC. …. The federal government would contribute the tax credits.
Additionally, PTCs give natives access to huge revenue opportunities for a self-sustained economy
Shahiniam 8’
(Mark, Michigan Law, Tax Man Cometh Not: How the Non-Transferability of Tax Credits Harms Indian Tribes, 32 Am. Indian L. Rev. 267, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journalsandhandle=hein.journals/aind32andpage=267) AL
The importance of tax credits goes beyond the merely theoretical. Tax credits for renewable energy are substantial - one study found the PTC contributes 17% of a wind project's bottom line'' …. This 34% premium is too big for tribes to overcome in electricity markets that routinely see wholesale electricity prices average $23/MWh -about the same as the S 18 difference between the $71/MWh and $53/MWh price points.' 2
The development of wind energy on tribal lands is key to establishing self-sustainability, providing for a higher quality of life. The plan is the necessary affirmation of tribal sovereignty, reorienting existing energy relationship.
Powell 6
(Dana, Department of anthropology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Technologies of Existence: The indigenous environmental justice movement, http://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/develp/v49y2006i3p125-132.html)
The project is also situated within the context of environmental and political debates on energy development around the state of South Dakota, where plans are underway to develop 2000MW of coal-fired power by the end of 2010 (LaDuke, 2004). …, in which the economic, the ecological, and the cultural are interdependent and mutually constitutive.
Wind energy development is key for native economic stability and self-determination
Mills ‘6
(Andrew, Master’s Thesis @ UC Berkeley in the Energy and Resources Group, “Wind Energy in Indian Country: Turning To Wind for the Seventh Generation”, http://www.berkeley.edu/files/2006/Mills-Masters-2006.pdf)
Energy development can play and important role in economic development by building capacity within tribes and by providing revenues … The lack of control was associated with very little economic benefits to the tribes.
There are multiple incentives for Native American wind power now, but none of them work.
Sullivan 10
(Bethany, J.D. Candidate, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, Arizona Law Review Fall 2010, “Changing Winds: Reconfiguring The Legal Framework For Renewable-Energy Development In Indian Country”) T. Snider
Solutions to this problem have developed on the federal and individual level, yet have largely fallen short. The federal government attempted to level the playing field for governments (including tribes) by enacting Clean Renewable-Energy bonds (CREBs), which function as a type of interest-free loan for financing certain types of energy projects. .... While these problems are addressed by the alternative of flipagreements, these agreements essentially relegate tribes to the sidelines for the first decade or so of the project, leaving tribal governments with little control over the decisions, management, and future of their on-reservation projects. 79
The Wind Production Tax Credit will be renewed in the status quo
Clarke 12
(Chris, a natural history writer and environmental journalist currently at work on a book about the Joshua tree, 8/8, “Wind Production Tax Credit Blows Through Another Hurdle”, http://www.kcet.org/news/rewire/government/wind-production-tax-credit-blows-through-another-hurdle.html) T. Snider
A plan to renew a $12 billion federal production tax credit for utility-scale wind projects has cleared a hurdle in Congress,....well prove to trump the interests of party politics when it comes to GOP Representatives from the windy Great Plains states.
