Tournament: UMKC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Concordia GW | Judge: Dunn

National parks are currently excluded from energy production
Vann 12 (Adam, Legislative Attorney, “Energy Projects on Federal Lands: Leasing and Authorization” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40806.pdf)
The MLA authorizes…
…or revoke a congressional withdrawal.

These restrictions aim to protect national parks as the last natural sanctuaries in a world increasingly marked by human intervention. This approach constructs humans as separate from nature, and eases our guilt over environmental destruction.
Spirn 96 (Anne, “Constructing Nature: The Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted”)
Olmsted predicted that…
designed and managed.
 
This reliance on the state to address environmental issues forecloses politics by informing consent and delegitimizing other courses of action.
Swyngedouw 09 (Erik, “The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a Democratic Politics of Environmental Production”)
There is indeed…
recognized as legitimate.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should reduce restrictions on coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, and wind power production in National Parks in the United States. 

Instead of relying on the state’s macropolitical approach to the environment that relies on essentialist views of a unified “nature”, we should instead engage in micropolitical resistance.
Feast 6 (Luke, “THE SCIENCE OF MULTIPLICITIES: POST-STRUCTURALISM AND ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITIES IN DESIGN”, http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10063/142/thesis.pdf?sequence=2)
Foucault’s research into the…
with the sciences of complexity.

This repoliticizes environmental issues by forcing individuals to engage in particular struggles centered on individual resistance, rather than collective identity and securitization of a non-existent unified “nature”.
Swyngedouw, Dept of Geography, School of Environment and Development, Manchester University, 2006.  [Eirk, “Impossible “Sustainability” and the Post-Political Condition,”  Forthcoming in: David Gibbs and Rob Krueger (Eds.) Sustainable Development, http://www.liv.ac.uk/geography/seminars/Sustainabilitypaper.doc]
This post-political frame …
migration, or the use of natural resources” (Urbinati, 2003: 80).

 

The National Parks system is an inherently privileged
Mortimer-Sandilands 5 (Catriona Mortimer-Sandilands, Professor of Environmental Studies and Canada Research Chair in Sustainability at York University. http://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/Issue_9/sandilands.html)
For ecofeminists…
results for all concerned, including nature.

The “special places” approach means we devalue those places that aren’t special enough. Protection of natural environments under this framework is doomed to failure.
Doremus 2k Law Professor, California (Holly, 57 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 11, AG)
The special places…
ultimately untenable.  
This leads to serial policy failure. Instead of addressing consumptive patterns and material causes of environmental degradation, we frantically attempt to put stop-gaps in place to preserve the small tracts of land that still meet our idealized version of “nature”
Žižek, Senior Rese archer at the Institute of Social Studies at Ljubljana, 1991 [Slavoj, Looking Awry, 34-37]
Is not the ultimate form of the "answer…
to the role of impotent witnesses.
 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Buffalo and Eagle Wing

(Blackfoot legend, http://www.native-languages.org/blackfootstory5.htm)
          
A long time ago there were no stones on the earth. The mountains, hills, and valleys were not rough, and it was easy to walk on the ground swiftly. There were no small trees at that time either. All the bushes and trees were tall and straight and were at equal distances. So a man could travel through a forest without having to make a path.

At that time, a large buffalo roamed over the land. From the water, he had obtained his spirit power--the power to change anything into some other form. He would have that power as long as he only drank from a certain pool.

In his wanderings, Buffalo often travelled across a high mountain. He liked this mountain so much that one day he asked it, "Would you like to be changed into something else?"

"Yes," replied the mountain. "I would like to be changed into something nobody would want to climb over."

"All right," said Buffalo. "I will change you into something hard that I will call 'stone.' You will be so hard that no one will want to break you and so smooth that no one will want to climb you."

So Buffalo changed the mountain into a large stone. "And I give you the power to change yourself into anything else as long as you do not break yourself."

Only buffaloes lived in this part of the land. No people lived here. On the other side of the mountain lived men who were cruel and killed animals. The buffaloes knew about them and stayed as far away from them as possible. But one day Buffalo thought he would like to see these men. He hoped to make friends with them and persuade them not to kill buffaloes.

So he went over the mountain and travelled along a stream until he came to a lodge. There lived an old woman and her grandson. The little boy liked Buffalo, and Buffalo liked the little boy and his grandmother. He said to them, "I have the power to change you into any form you wish. What would you like most to be?"

"I want always to be with my grandson. I want to be changed into anything that will make it possible for me to be with him, wherever he goes."

"I will take you to the home of the buffaloes," said their guest. "I will ask them to teach the boy to become a swift runner. I will ask the water to change the grandmother into something, so that you two can always be together."

So Buffalo, the grandmother, and the little boy went over the mountain to the land of the buffaloes.

"We will teach you to run swiftly," they told the boy, "if you will promise to keep your people from hunting and killing buffaloes."

"I promise," said the boy.

The buffaloes taught him to run so fast that not one of them could keep up with him. The old grandmother could follow him wherever he went, for she had been changed into Wind.

The boy stayed with the buffaloes until he became a man. Then they let him go back to his people, reminding him of his promise. Because he was such a swift runner, he became a leader of the hunters. They called him Eagle Wing.

One day the chief called Eagle Wing to him and said to him, "My son, I want you to take the hunters to the buffalo country. We have never been able to kill buffaloes because they run so very fast. But you too can run fast. If you will kill some buffaloes and bring home the meat and the skins, I will adopt you as my son. And when I die, you will become chief of the tribe."

Eagle Wing wanted so much to become chief that he pushed from his mind his promise to the buffaloes. He started out with the hunters, but he climbed the mountain so fast that they were soon left far behind. On the other side of the mountain, he saw a herd of buffaloes. They started to run in fright, but Eagle Wing followed them and killed most of them.

Buffalo, the great one who got his power from the water, was away from home at the time of the hunt. On his way back he grew so thirsty that he drank from some water on the other side of the mountain not from his special pool. When he reached home and saw what the hunter had done, he became very angry. He tried to turn the men into grass, but he could not. Because he had drunk from another pool, he had lost his power to transform.

Buffalo went to the big stone that had once been a mountain.

"What can you do to punish the hunter for what he has done?" he asked Stone.

"I will ask the trees to tangle themselves so that it will be difficult for men to travel through them," answered Stone. "I will break myself into many pieces and scatter myself all over the land. Then the swift runner and his followers cannot run over me without hurting their feet."

"That will punish them," agreed Buffalo.

So Stone broke itself into many pieces and scattered itself all over the land. Whenever the swift runner, Eagle Wing, and his followers tried to run over the mountain, stones cut their feet. Bushes scratched and bruised their bodies.

That is how Eagle Wing was punished for not keeping his promise to Buffalo.

We should heed the mystical knowledge of Indians when attempting to increase the production of wind's power. Viewing the earth as a "resource" to be consumed is destructive. 

Donald L. Fixico 1996
(Defending Mother Nature: Native American Perspectives on Environmental Justice)

"Native Americans have viewed.... then I will destroy this world too"

The exclusion of oral and mystical knowledge about the world creates a hegemonic knowledge culture that mass the indian disappear- knowing and experiential knowledge are key

Tinker 04
(George, Professor of American Indian cultures and religious traditions at Iliff School of Theology in Denver, member of the Osage nation, "The Stones Shall Cry Out: Consciousness, Rocks, and indians" Fall 2004 (CL))

"Communication between humans... human place in the world"

Story of Cloud and Wind
by the Bearskin Quiver in 2002
Maricopa

"The cloud and the wind were brothers... they are living up there so we do not have many hard storm."