Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention 1 is Coal
Clean energy is crucial to displace coal
Miller 12 (John, “Can We Replace U.S. Coal Power with Clean Energy?” 7/31, http://theenergycollective.com/jemillerep/98281/costs-replace-us-coal-power-clean-energy)
Strategy to Increase U.S. Clean Energy Supply and Reduce Carbon Emissions –
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all coal with clean power facilitates the actual development of future ZEV fleets.

Only solar solves
Fthenakis 8 Vasilis Fthenakis, Ph.D., Senior Research Scientist at the Center for Life Cycle Analysis; James E. Mason, Ph.D., Director of the Renewable Energy Research Institute; Ken Zweibel, founder of the Institute for Analysis of Solar Energy at GWU, former PV RandD program manager at NREL; “The technical, geographical, and economic feasibility for solar energy to supply the energy needs of the US,” Energy Policy, http://www.solarplan.org/Research/F-M-Z_Solar%20Grand%20Plan_Energy%20Policy_2009.pdf
Abstract¶ So far, solar energy has been viewed as only a minor contributor
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al., 2008). The current article discusses the feasibility of this vision.

Continued reliance on coal kills 24,000 people every year
Stevenson 8—produces Gaia Health (Heidi, Coal Is the Worst Polluter of All, www.gaia-health.com/articles/000032-Coal-Pollution.shtml)
Image a list of the worst pollutants. Whatever is on your list almost certainly
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animals, plants, and Gaia herself. Clean coal is a myth.

Recapture risk leads to clashes between tax equity investors and lenders, causing higher costs and project failure
Meister 12 Joel holds a BA in international affairs from the George Washington University. Manager of Government Affairs at the Solar Energy Industries Association, former Outreach and Policy Assistant at the Center for Global Development, “SUNNY DISPOSITIONS: Modernizing Investment Tax Credit Recapture Rules for Solar Energy Project Finance After The Stimulus,” September 2012, http://solar.gwu.edu/Research/Meister_Sunny_Dispositions_ITC_Recapture.pdf
The two lowest-cost options of the 1603 Treasury Program and federal loan guarantees
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, ultimately leading to higher costs for the party purchasing the power. 110

The plan resolves recapture problems
Meister 12 Joel holds a BA in international affairs from the George Washington University. Manager of Government Affairs at the Solar Energy Industries Association, former Outreach and Policy Assistant at the Center for Global Development, “SUNNY DISPOSITIONS: Modernizing Investment Tax Credit Recapture Rules for Solar Energy Project Finance After The Stimulus,” September 2012, http://solar.gwu.edu/Research/Meister_Sunny_Dispositions_ITC_Recapture.pdf
Revising Section 50 and Barriers to Recapture Modernization¶ Just as Congress focused on the
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person and that the property continues to qualify as specified energy property.” 263

Effective federal ITC is key to stability and uniformity---the alternative is uncertainty, boom-bust cycles and industry failure
Rosten 11 Keith Rosten, president of SolarTown LLC, attorney and former consultant on international development projects, October 20 2011, “Why the US Needs a National Solar Energy Policy,” http://www.solartown.com/blog/2011/10/why-the-us-needs-a-national-solar-energy-policy/
The reason that the ITC has been important is that it is the only long
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in the interest of the country to forge this policy sooner than later.

Only the plan makes solar cost-competitive---incentivizes learning by doing that brings down costs exponentially
Reichelstein and Yorston 12 Stefan Reichelstein, PhD, Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment, Professor of Accounting at the Stanford Graduate School of Business; Michael Yorston, Dept of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford, October 2012, “The Prospects for Cost Competitive Solar PV Power,” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2182828
Solar PV modules have experienced a remarkably consistent pattern of learning-by-doing
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, nor does it seem essential to maintain the current public subsidies indefinitely.

The Anti-Coal movement is polycentric and coalitional – it brings together multiples agents of resistance by targeting specific coal plants like those in Chicago
Russell 9 Joshua Kahn Russell is the grassroots actions organizer at Rainforest Action Network and was an organizer on the Capitol Climate Action, May 2009, Z Magazine, http://www.zcommunications.org/climate-justice-and-coals-funeral-procession-by-joshua-kahn-russell
The pace of direct actions against coal has sharply increased since 2004. These campaigns
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coal as one strand of a robust frontline-led climate justice movement.

Plan
The United States Federal Government should make entities that enact early disposition of solar energy property eligible for the solar energy investment tax credit.

Solvency

CONTENTION 2: OUR ADVOCACY IS GOOD
Academic debate over energy policy in the face of environmental destruction is critical to shape the direction of change and create a public consciousness shift---action now is key
Crist 4 (Eileen, Professor at Virginia Tech in the Department of Science and Technology, “Against the social construction of nature and wilderness”, Environmental Ethics 26;1, p 13-6, http://www.sts.vt.edu/faculty/crist/againstsocialconstruction.pdf)
Yet, constructivist analyses of "nature" favor remaining in the comfort zone of
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the world at an hour that is pressingly calling us to change it.

Public advocacy of environmental solutions key to change governmental policy---individual change insufficient
CAG 10—Climate Change Communication Advisory Group. Dr Adam Corner School of Psychology, Cardiff University - Dr Tom Crompton Change Strategist, WWF-UK - Scott Davidson Programme Manager,  Global Action Plan - Richard Hawkins Senior Researcher,  Public Interest Research Centre - Professor Tim Kasser, Psychology department, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, USA.  - Dr Renee Lertzman, Center for Sustainable Processes and  Practices, Portland State University, US. - Peter Lipman, Policy Director, Sustrans. - Dr Irene Lorenzoni, Centre for Environmental Risk,  University of East Anglia. - George Marshall, Founding Director, Climate Outreach , Information Network - Dr Ciaran Mundy, Director, Transition Bristol - Dr Saffron O’Neil, Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, Australia.  - Professor Nick Pidgeon, Director, Understanding Risk Research Group, School of Psychology, Cardiff University. - Dr Anna Rabinovich, School of Psychology, University of Exeter - Rosemary Randall, Founder and director of Cambridge Carbon Footprint - Dr Lorraine Whitmarsh, School of Psychology, Cardiff University and Visiting Fellow at the, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. (Communicating climate change to mass public audience, http://pirc.info/downloads/communicating_climate_mass_audiences.pdf)
This short advisory paper collates a set of recommendations about how best to shape mass
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they would like structural barriers to behavioural/societal change to be removed.

Simulation and institutional deliberation are valuable and motivate effective responses to environmental risks
Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf)
Based on the observation that experiential and analytic processing systems compete and that personal experience
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engage both systems in the process of individual and group decision-making.

Taking action against environmental destruction represents an opportunity to rebuild progressive politics for a more just society, but only if we set aside traditional differences founded around identity in favor of a broad-based coalition
Smith 10 Brendan, co-founder of Labor Network for Sustainability, 11-23, “Fighting Doom: The New Politics of Climate Change,” Common Dreams, http://www.commondreams.org/view/2010/11/23-1
I admit I have arrived late to the party. Only recently have I begun
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said to me, "God help us, I hope you're right."

The state is inevitable and an indispensable part of the solution to ecological destruction
Eckersley 4 Robyn, Reader/Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Melbourne, “The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty”, MIT Press, 2004, Google Books, pp. 3-8
While acknowledging the basis for this antipathy toward the nation- state, and the
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at least as a potentially more significant ally in the green cause.17

Short-term market mechanisms are the only solution to environmental destruction
Bryant 12—professor of philosophy at Collin College (Levi, We’ll Never Do Better Than a Politician: Climate Change and Purity, 5/11/12, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/05/11/well-never-do-better-than-a-politician-climate-change-and-purity/)
Somewhere or other Latour makes the remark that we’ll never do better than a politician
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there’s no way around this, and we do need to act now.

Pragmatic environmental policy is necessary
Simpson 10 (Francis, College of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, “Environmental Pragmatism and its Application to Climate Change The Moral Obligations of Developed and Developing Nations to Avert Climate Change as viewed through Technological Pragmatism”, Spring 2010 | Volume 6 | Number 1)
Pragmatism and Footprinting¶ Environmental pragmatism is a relatively new field of environmental ethics that
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have a moral obligation to protect the future of humanity and the biosphere.

Incentives are key to overcome inevitable self-interest---the alt fails
Thompson 3 -- Professor of Natural Resources Law, Stanford Law School; Senior Scholar, Center for Environmental Science and Policy, Stanford Institute for International Studies (Barton, What Good Is Economics?, 37 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 175)

Even the environmental moralist who eschews any normative use of economics may find economics valuable
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ignores this tool in trying to improve the environment is doomed to frustration.

Scientific knowledge is best because it subjects itself to constant refinement based on empirical evidence
Hutcheon 93—former prof of sociology of education at U Regina and U British Columbia. Former research advisor to the Health Promotion Branch of the Canadian Department of Health and Welfare and as a director of the Vanier Institute of the Family. Phd in sociology, began at Yale and finished at U Queensland. (Pat, A Critique of "Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA", http://www.humanists.net/pdhutcheon/humanist%20articles/lewontn.htm)
The introductory lecture in this series articulated the increasingly popular "postmodernist" claim that
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mean failure, in that the theory itself has altered in the process.

Sustainability is impossible and causes extinction in the short term---market incentives are key
Barnhizer 6 -- Professor of Law, Cleveland State University. (David, Waking from Sustainability's "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government, 18 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 595, Lexis)

Medieval alchemists sought unsuccessfully to discover the process that would enable them to turn base
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Yet even this approach can only be achieved incrementally with limited positive effects.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC
Coal is bad

Allowing coal pollution to continue perpetuates racist inequalities
Hoerner 8—Former director of Research at the Center for a Sustainable Economy, Director of Tax Policy at the Center for Global Change at the University of Maryland College Park, and editor of Natural Resources Tax Review. He has done research on environmental economics and policy on behalf of the governments of Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Andrew received his B.A. in Economics from Cornell University and a J.D. from Case Western Reserve School of Law—AND—Nia Robins—former inaugural Climate Justice Corps Fellow in 2003, director of Environmental Justice and Climate Change Initiative (J. Andrew, “A Climate of Change African Americans, Global Warming, and a Just Climate Policy for the U.S.” July 2008, http://www.ejcc.org/climateofchange.pdf)
Everywhere we turn, the issues and impacts of climate change confront us. One
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points and raising the average African American income by 3 to 4 percent. 

2ac Kritik
Perm: do both

The perm is the best option---combining traditional and unconventional epistemologies allows for more thorough analysis of problems---the alt alone is worse because it refuses to acknowledge its own biases
Conway 97—philosophy, Penn State (Daniel, Nietzsche and the political, 135-6)

This preference is clearly political in nature, and Haraway makes no pretense of aspiring
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they might otherwise have gained. 

Perm: do the alternative

Perm---their K should be used to as an additional lens to improve our advocacy---exclusive theoretical focus fails
Bryant 12—prof of philosophy at Collin College (Levi, RSI, Discursivity, Critique, and Politics, larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/07/18/rsi-discursivity-critique-and-politics/#more-6277)

I do think, however, that OOO can problematize our current political thought and
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attachment, and identification. Well done!

Bodies link—starting politics with the body gets coopted by the nation
Shivani 2—award winning fiction writer, poet, and critic. Studied economics at Harvard (Anis, From Redistribution to Recognition: A Left Critique of Multiculturalism, http://www.counterpunch.org/shivani1019.html)

Nevertheless, isn't it curious that there really is no retrospective look at identity politics
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in its vain aspiration, even at the level of its insipid claim. 

Pragmatic politics are the only way to solve coal—this should be a top-level takeout to any alternative solvency claims—
- Market incentives
- Public advocacy

Broad-based coalitions are key---any alternative gets coopted by the right
Clark 95—Professor of Law, Catholic University Law School. (Leroy, A Critique of Professor Derrick A. Bell's Thesis of the Permanence of Racism and His Strategy of Confrontation, 73 Denv. U.L. Rev. 23)

Lessons from the Movement: Broad Based Coalitions The civil rights movement, however,
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progress is keyed to progress in society as a whole toward economic security.

Identity politics results in continual policing of difference and makes social justice impossible
Bhambra 10—U Warwick—AND—Victoria Margree—School of Humanities, U Brighton (Identity Politics and the Need for a ‘Tomorrow’, http://www.academia.edu/471824/Identity_Politics_and_the_Need_for_a_Tomorrow_)

The idea of a politics underpinned by solidarities based on “sameness” has a
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other forms of oppression by the distraction of its internal policing against difference. 

Personal experience focus shuts down deliberation and makes debate useless
Subotnik 98 Professor of Law, Touro College, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center. 7 Cornell J. L. and Pub. Pol'y 681, Lexis
Having traced a major strand in the development of CRT, we turn now to
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to faculty offices and, more generally, the streets and the airwaves.

Narrative focus shuts down debate and is equally coercive as framework---it constrains discourse by either forcing sympathetic responses or painting the aff into the corner of attacking them personally
Coughlin 95—associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School. (Anne, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229)

The imbroglio with her editors, however, reveals the inauthenticity of Williams's invitation to
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, but only if readers endorse precisely the meaning Williams has in mind.
The warning this episode conveys to readers signals more than a textual incoherence or the
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of readers than the legal rhetoric that the outsiders desire to supersede. n195

Anti-coal movements are coming now thanks to a decline in identity politics --- their strategy crushes those movements --- causes extinction
George Monbiot, English Writer and Environmental and Political Activist, 9-4-2008, “Identity Politics in Climate Change Hell,” http://www.celsias.com/article/identity-politics-climate-change-hell/
If you want a glimpse of how the movement against climate change could crumble faster
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this urgent task into the identity politics that have wrecked so many movements.

Purely aesthetic politics lay the groundwork for fascism by relying on propoganda---focus on consequences and institutions is key to prevent style devoid of content that celebrates violence
Zamponi 12—professor of sociology, UC Santa Barbra (SIMONETTA FALASCA-ZAMPONI, The politics of aesthetics: Mussolini and fascist Italy, http://www.opendemocracy.net/simonetta-falasca-zamponi/politics-of-aesthetics-mussolini-and-fascist-italy)

This article is the first in an occasional series on ‘The Political Aesthetics of
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sky and out of the mechanical invention of the time, the airplane. 

Their radical impulse to critique traditional political reform results in authoritarian violence to sculpt the perfect population---*especially links in the context of their competition based on changing the form of speech
Zamponi 12—professor of sociology, UC Santa Barbra (SIMONETTA FALASCA-ZAMPONI, The politics of aesthetics: Mussolini and fascist Italy, http://www.opendemocracy.net/simonetta-falasca-zamponi/politics-of-aesthetics-mussolini-and-fascist-italy)

For Benjamin, the paradox was that what he called ‘the age of mechanical
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Stalin’s Russia. Aesthetic goals were absolute and independent of any ethical issues.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AR
Reform Key---Academic FW Fails 

Incremental reform is better than pure rejection---the alternative infinitely replicates the SQ
Pyle 99—Boston College Law School, J.D., magna cum laude (Jefferey, Race, Equality and the Rule of Law: Critical Race Theory's Attack on the Promises of Liberalism, 40 B.C.L. Rev. 787)

"Critique," however, never built anything…. committee could replace the Constitution.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: BC | Judge:
1ac
Contention 1 – The Advantage
The “Restriction on Alienation” is a foundational principle of Federal Indian Law – it’s backed by Congressional statute, codified in the U.S. Code, and prohibits transfer or lease of title by any Native person
Washburn ’10 – Practicing Attorney in Trust and Property Law
Sarah Washburn, Washington Law Review, vol. 85:603, DISTINGUISHING CARCIERI v. SALAZAR: WHY THE¶ SUPREME COURT GOT IT WRONG AND HOW¶ CONGRESS AND COURTS SHOULD RESPOND TO¶ PRESERVE TRIBAL AND FEDERAL INTERESTS IN THE¶ IRA’S TRUST-LAND PROVISIONS
http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/475/Washburn%20-%20Distinguishing%20Carcieri%20v%20Salazar.pdf?sequence=1

52. See generally COHEN, supra note 15, § 5.02
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Constitution.” 25 U.S.C. § 177 (2006).

Inequitable energy arrangements create cycles of structural violence on Native lands---colonialism’s inevitable without the development of renewable energy
Gough 9—Intertribal Council On Utility Policy; paper submitted by Honor the Earth, the Intertribal Council on Utility Policy, the Indigenous Environmental Network, and the International  Indian Treaty Council (Bob, Energy Justice in Native America, A Policy Paper for Consideration by the Obama Administration and the 111th Congress, www.mynewsletterbuilder.com/email/newsletter/1409857447)
A just nation-to-nation relationship means breaking the cycle of asking Native
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the future, providing a unique opportunity for stabilizing an energy intensive economy.

Environmental destruction of Native lands is inevitable without control of title to land
Jacques 3 – et al – Ph.D. University of Central Florida—AND—SHARON RIDGEWAY—Ph.D. Grinnell College and the University of Iowa—AND—RICHARD WITMER—Ph.D. Grinnell College. (Peter Federal Indian Law and Environmental Policy: A Social Continuity of Violence, 18 J. Envtl. L. and Litig. 223)
Currently, federal Indian environmental policy relies on the annulment of treaties that were made
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groups of people and nature which is responsible for this mosaic of destruction.

U.S. trustee-ship of native title extinguishes the possibility of native control of property – studies conclusively demonstrate that tribal economies improve in direct proportion to their degree of economic control. Triggers undercapitalization and investment uncertainty.
Bradford ‘5 - Chiricahua Apache and Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law
Beyond Reparations: An American Indian Theory of Justice, WILLIAM BRADFORD, Chiricahua Apache and Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL, VOLUME 66, NUMBER 1, 2005, Lexis Law Reviews
Although Indian tribes are separate sovereigns in retention of all rights and powers not explicitly
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n224 aggrieved Indian beneficiaries still lack effective legal recourse for its breach. n225

Centralization of renewable energy distribution under corporate control is inevitable absent moves towards decentralized installations
Fown ’11 – Prof. of Biology at Ohio state
Why Big Solar is a Colossally Bad Idea (10 Reasons Decentralized Solar is Much Better), Clean Technica,
April 27, 2011 By Aaron Fown, http://cleantechnica.com/2011/04/27/why-big-solar-is-a-colossally-bad-idea-10-reasons-decentralized-solar-is-much-better/
Of late there has been much talk about moving towards a solar energy future.
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can work just fine with all of the wind power we can muster.

Localized wind and solar offer an opportunity to move beyond exploitative models of development that crush Indigenous culture and have resulted in the systematic extermination of Native Americans
Powell 6—Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Appalachian State (Dana, Technologies of Existence: The indigenous environmental justice movement, www.cfeps.org/ss2008/ss08r/harcourt/harcourt3_powell.pdf)

In her work with the indigenous movement in Ecuador, Catherine Walsh speaks of the
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a call for ‘environmental justice,’ implemented through specific material technologies.

Removing federal control of individual native title is necessary to restore tribal control over renewable development – federal control of native energy development locks in centralized private development which works against self-determination
Unger ’10 – Clerk, Hon. Ferdinand Fernandez , U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, JD Loyola Law School, MA - Linguistic Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin
Kathleen, CHANGE IS IN THE WIND: SELF-DETERMINATION AND WIND POWER THROUGH TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS, http://www.tribesandclimatechange.org/docs/tribes_24.pdf)

In addition, changes to the legislation’s trust provisions can allow the provisions to better
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wind power, now may be the perfect time to consider this possibility.¶ 

Native peoples should hold the actual title to their land – current Federal Indian Law in effect extinguishes title and therefore commodity and exchange value through the exercise of its sovereign authority over Indian Country
Green ‘3 - Associate Professor of Law @ Pace University
Assoc. Prof. of Law, Akron Law Review, 2003, 36 Akron L. Rev. 245, J.D. Georgetown University Law Center, B.S. Towson State College.
Besides overlooking this essential distinction in the nature of aboriginal compared to fee simple title
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these wrongful possessors a better title, fully alienable, in fee simple.

Only tribal economic self-sufficiency through decentralized renewables creates transnational linkages that resist colonial exploitation
Grossman ‘12 – Faculty in geography and Native American and World Indigenous peoples studies at the Evergreen State College, Senior Research Associate at the Northwest Indian Applied Research Institute, Zoltán Grossman, No Longer the Miner's Canary: Indigenous Nations' Responses to Climate Change, Terrain: a Journal of the Built and Natural Environments, Excerpt from Asserting Native Reslience: Pacific Rim Indigenous Nations Face the Climate Crises, edited by Zoltán Grossman and Alan Parker, http://www.terrain.org/articles/30/grossman.htm
Because climate change is perhaps the most urgent challenge facing Native peoples today, it
AND
the energy economy—the status quo that generated the climate change crisis.

That’s crucial to preserve Native culture
Ryser ’12 – Chair @ Center for World Indigenous Studies (CWIS) – Olympia, Washington.
On Our Own: Adapting to Climate Change – Finding and Internal and Intergovernmental Framework for an Adaptation Strategy, Rudolph C Ryser, Asserting Native Resilience: Pacific Rim Indigenous Nations Face the Climate Crisis, 2012, Oregon State University Pres.
Responding to the adverse effects of climate change is essentially a matter of indigenous peoples’
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provide a healthy and productive way of life once again for tribal peoples.

Restoration of aboriginal title is a precondition for true Sovereignty – conferring title back to natives and recognition of native property rights elevates their power within the legal-economic system which creates the foundation required for the preservation of native culture via a strong system of property rights – more important than withholding title for ecological protection or other paternalistic motives
Green ‘3 - Associate Professor of Law @ Pace University
Assoc. Prof. of Law, Akron Law Review, 2003, 36 Akron L. Rev. 245, J.D. Georgetown University Law Center, B.S. Towson State College.
VII. Conclusion
"Property" both confers and was born of power. It bestows on an
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is a vital political aspect of the right of self-determination. n281
The sovereignty of indigenous peoples as it rests upon aboriginal title, though, is
AND
must be limited to a discussion of restoring indigenous peoples to their lands.
*301  As land is restored to indigenous peoples and title is confirmed in
AND
to say, land denominated sovereign and free from the burdens of state.

Plan
The United States Federal Government should end restrictions on alienation for tribal solar and wind power.

The United States federal government should end restrictions on alienation on solar and wind power in Indian Country. 

Contention 2 – Decision Calculus 

No escalation or miscalc
Drezner 11—professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. (12/22/11, Daniel, These crazy IR Kids today, with their wacky threat assessments, drezner.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/12/22/these_crazy_ir_kids_today_with_their_wacky_threat_assessments)

To be fair to Miller, I do think he is getting at something that
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I'm not sure why he portrays the Iran threat in such menacing terms. 

Multiple factors check war
Robb 12—Lieutenant, US Navy (Doug, Why the Age of Great Power War is Over, www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2012-05/now-hear-why-age-great-power-war-over)

Whereas in years past, when nations allied with their neighbors in ephemeral bonds of
AND
a war is equal parts costly, counterproductive, archaic, and improbable.

Department of Interior action on natives now
DOI 12, “Salazar Finalizes Reforms to Streamline Leasing, Spur Economic Development on 56 Million Acres of American Indian Trust Land”, 11-12, http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/salazar-finalizes-reforms-to-streamline-leasing-spur-economic-development-on-56-million-acres-of-american-indian-trust-land.cfm

WASHINGTON – As part of President Obama’s commitment to empower tribal nations and strengthen their economies, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs Kevin K. Washburn today announced final regulations that will streamline 

AND
who want to own a home or build a business on Indian land.”
treats a lease for a single family home the same as a lease for a large wind energy project.

EPA is proposing new emission standards TODAY --- it’s Obama’s biggest environmental initiative in the 2nd term and will cause a massive fight
Reuters, 3/29/13, “EPA to propose rules slashing unhealthy emissions from cars”, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/29/us-usa-epa-gasoline-idUKBRE92R14C20130329
(Reuters) - The Obama administration will propose on Friday long-awaited rules to slash smog-forming emissions from gasoline that have been linked to lung and heart ailments, health groups and an environmental regulator source said on Thursday.
The Environmental Protection Agency will propose the so-called Tier 3 rules t
AND
who was briefed on Thursday. "It is the most effective tool available to reduce smog."

Their impact is hype
Cohen and Zenko 12—senior fellow at the New America Foundation where he helms the Privatization of Foreign Policy Initiative and an adjunct lecturer at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs—AND—worked for five years at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, and at the Brookings Institution, Congressional Research Service, and State Department's Office of Policy Planning. (Michael and Micah, Clear and Present Safety, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137279/micah-zenko-and-michael-a-cohen/clear-and-present-safety?page=show)

Last August, the Republican presidential contender Mitt Romney performed what has become a quadrennial
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result, they are given short shrift in national security discourse and policymaking. 

DOE loans for allocation in the SQ --- the discussions enough to trigger the link
NewNet, 3/18/13, Energy News Department, “US Energy Dept still debating $4.8bn of clean power loan guarantees”, http://www.newenergyworldnetwork.com/investor-news/renewable-energy-news/by-technology/energy-efficiency/us-energy-dept-still-debating-4-8bn-of-clean-power-loan-guarantees.html
The US Department of Energy is assessing nine
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rumours circulated that the assessment had been rushed through because of a high-profile government visit to a company site.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC util
The DA is an anxiety ridden excuse to ignore internal colonization---their arguments are paranoid ramblings
Hoggett 4—prof of politics and co-dir. of Center for Psycho-Social Studies, U West England. Degree in social psychology, U Sussex—AND—Dr. Simon Clarke—prof of psycho-social studies and co-dir. of the center. (The Empire of Fear: The American Political Psyche and the Culture of Paranoia, http://www.btinternet.com/~psycho_social/Vol5/JPSS5-PHSC1.htm)

It is necessary therefore to focus upon this dark side of the new Promethean for
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us feel better. The problem is that we don’t face the problem.
Debate’s obsession with extinction is decimating our decisionmaking skills---students are brainwashed into paranoid apathy as we ignore empirical analysis
Gross and Gilles 12 (Matthew Barrett Gross is the editor of the Glen Canyon
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the Rise of Apocalyptic Thinking Tells Us About America, pp131---134)
EVENTS VERSUS TRENDS
But epidemics are only one apocalyptic media darling. Over the last decade, the
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as many Americans as did the flu and one-fifteenth as many Americans
as did car accidents.9 Throughout the first decade of the twenty-first century, the odds of an American being killed by a terrorist were about 1 in 88,000—compared to a 1 in 10,010
chance of dying from falling off a ladder.10 The fears of an outbreak of SARS, avian flu, or swine flu also never lived up to their media hype.
This overreliance on the apocalyptic narrative causes us to fear the wrong things and to
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the likely impact of the worst-case model of any given threat?
In answering these questions, it becomes clear that much of what the media peddles
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response. Yet even without such preparations, the impact remained relatively localized.)
The danger of the media's conflation of apocalyptic scenarios is that it leads us to
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an average 75 percent compared to the 1990s—just as many climate models
predicted they would if global warming were left unchecked.11 Yet this rise in natural disasters hasn't produced a moment of universal recognition of the dangers of climate change; instead, belief in climate change is actually on the decline as we adjust to the "new normal" of ever-weirder weather or convince ourselves that our perception of this increased frequency is a magnifying trick of more readily available cable and Internet coverage.
Despite the media's best efforts to conflate them with improbable scenarios, the existential challenges
AND
doesn't lie before us in some indeterminate future— it is already here.

2AC No War
War is obsolete—economic partnerships, world organizations, and alliances check war—they take away the motivation conflict by nonviolent solutions—defense cuts and nuclear deterrence check means and motive—that’s Robb

And, it won’t escalate—nuclear deterrence means no armed state will go to war with another—empirics are on our side—not even Hitler waged a war he couldn’t win—that’s Drezner

Politics are a framing issue—apocalyptic rhetoric is used to get money and power devoted to low risk scenarios when diplomacy and government solutions can always solve problems—that’s Cohen

2AC Federal Assistance Fails
Tribes jacked now—paternalism means FG corruption makes projects inevitably fail—corporations, funneling money
Funding is there---regs are the key barrier
Dreveskracht 11—Associate at Galanda Broadman PLLC, of Seattle, an American Indian majority-owned law firm. His practice focuses on representing businesses and tribal governments in public affairs, energy, gaming, taxation, and general economic development. (Ryan, The Time Is Now For Tribal Clean Energy, galandabroadman.wordpress.com/2011/08/28/the-time-is-now-for-tribal-clean-energy/)

Indian country should be taking the Fed’s renewable energy policies to the bank.¶ In
AND
write necessary legislation to allow tribes to pursue true energy self-determination.

SQ Grants, Technical Assistance, and TERAs fail to trigger native renewables
Sullivan ’10 – Attorney at Office of Solicitor; Department of Interior, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, JD/IPLP Certificate 2011
Bethany C. Sullivan, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823, Arizona Law Review, Fall 2010, CHANGING WINDS: RECONFIGURING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWABLE-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY, Bethany C. Sullivan
Congress has recognized the need for development by enacting the Indian Tribal Energy Development and
AND
energy industry and (2)¶ unfavorable case law concerning tribal civil jurisdiction.

Congress won’t come through with funding for technical assistance
Fosland ’12 - Clerk to Chief Judge David W. Gratton, Idaho Court of Appeals
Benjamin J. Fosland, 48 IDAHO L. REV. 447 (2012), http://www.uidaho.edu/~/media/Files/orgs/Law/law-review/2012-symposium/Fosland.ashx
The extent of the Secretary’s assistance remains to be seen.68 Some have posited
AND
to adequately pro-mote alternative energy development in Indian country.”73¶
Solar Turn
Renewables inevitable
Leone 11—Associate Editor, RenewableEnergyWorld.com (Steve, 10 Reasons Renewable Energy May Beat the Projections, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/09/10-reasons-renewables-may-beat-the-projections)

We won’t have to wait until 2035 to find grid parity, considering it’s already
AND
with greater scale to make grid parity a reality perhaps sooner than later.

Decentralized renewables for Natives avoids all reasons conventional renewables are bad
Weinrub 11—member of the Sierra Club California Energy-Climate Committee and serves on the Steering Committee of the  Bay Area’s Local Clean Energy Alliance.  (Al, Community Power, www.community-wealth.org/_pdfs/news/recent-articles/04-11/report-weinrub.pdf)

Decentralized electric generation is generally installed on existing structures or already disturbed or fragmented land, and does not require building new transmission lines. Sensitive desert and mountain habitats and important ecosystems are protected.
Decentralized generation therefore has almost none of the detrimental environmental impacts associated with large-scale renewable sources located hundreds of miles away in the desert or in other remote regions. These impacts could include scraping hundreds of thousands of acres of open or undisturbed land clean of vegetation and consuming significant amounts of precious and limited water resources.54
In addition, decentralized generation minimizes the historically disproportionate impacts of central-station power
AND
, and invoke “overriding considerations”—instead of choosing environmentally preferable alternatives.

2AC Exploitation

No link --- the plan’s VOLUTNARY 

Exploitation is the SQ --- the government locks tribes into bad deals --- Gough

Political subordination makes exploitation inevitable---only title transfer solves---that’s Bradford 

The aff is key to tax credit eligibility
Green ‘3 - Associate Professor of Law @ Pace University
Assoc. Prof. of Law, Akron Law Review, 2003, 36 Akron L. Rev. 245, J.D. Georgetown University Law Center, B.S. Towson State College.
n259. Cass County, 524 U.S. at 103 (holding that
AND
Congress, aboriginal title is not subject to a state's eminent domain power). 

That’s key to project ownership which turns exploitation
Sullivan ’10 – Attorney at Office of Solicitor; Department of Interior, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, JD/IPLP Certificate 2011
Bethany C. Sullivan, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823, Arizona Law Review, Fall 2010, CHANGING WINDS: RECONFIGURING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWABLE-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY, Bethany C. Sullivan
The utilization of federal tax credits is a key factor in the profitability of renewable
AND
reins by enacting their own¶ transferable renewable-energy tax credits. 165

Sovereign renewables solve exploitation
Dreveskracht 11—Associate at Galanda Broadman PLLC, of Seattle, an American Indian majority-owned law firm. His practice focuses on representing businesses and tribal governments in public affairs, energy, gaming, taxation, and general economic development (Ryan, Tribal energy projects must reflect cultural values, www.planetprofitreport.com/index.php/articles/tribal-energy-projects-must-reflect-cultural-values/)

Generally, to be successful, any economic development project that a tribe takes on
AND
to step up to the plate and show what they are capable of.

Tribes won’t get screwed by companies
Royster 12—Professor of Law and Co-Director, Native American Law Center, University of Tulsa College of Law (Judith, Tribal Energy Development: Renewables and the Problem of the Current Statutory Structures, 31 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 91)

But nearly twenty years have passed since the regulations were *136 promulgated in
AND
it in the regulations strengthens the tribe's role in the decision making process.

Doesn’t link to decentralized renewables
Mills 6--Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California, Berkeley (Andrew, Wind Energy in Indian Country: Turning to Wind for the Seventh Generation, rael.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/very-old-site/Mills-2006-Wind_Energy_in_Indian_Country.pdf)

This analysis of the potential for wind energy in Indian Country is limited to a
AND
described above (see LaDuke 2004 for an overview of past projects) .  

S
Constantly evolving legal framework crushes renewable investment – only the Aff provides legislative clarity and regulatory certainty for investors
Sullivan ’10 – Attorney at Office of Solicitor; Department of Interior, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, JD/IPLP Certificate 2011
Bethany C. Sullivan, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823, Arizona Law Review, Fall 2010, CHANGING WINDS: RECONFIGURING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWABLE-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY, Bethany C. Sullivan
A growing number of tribes in the United States are evaluating renewable energy¶ development
AND
This paper has sought to raise some of the legal and policy issues.

Alienability key to investment
Sullivan ’10 – Attorney at Office of Solicitor; Department of Interior, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, JD/IPLP Certificate 2011
Bethany C. Sullivan, 52 Ariz. L. Rev. 823, Arizona Law Review, Fall 2010, CHANGING WINDS: RECONFIGURING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR RENEWABLE-ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY, Bethany C. Sullivan
In the context of the evolving electric power industry, unusual questions may arise. For¶ example, an investor in a renewable energy project located on tribal land might want a security¶ interest backed by an enforceable right to take possession of the project to ensure its proper¶ operation. Renewable energy development in Indian country would appear to be suitable for¶ attracting socially responsible investment, but investors will need to know that their agreements¶ are enforceable.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC T Restrictions Lift Prohibitions not Regulations
We meet—only for wind and solar
A) “Restriction” are limitations on the use of property

Texas Supreme Court ’10
CAUSE NO. 08-01-18,007-CV-A, Final Judgment, http://www.supreme.courts.state.tx.us/ebriefs/12/12046401.pdf
"Restriction" is defined and commonly used to mean "a limitation (esp. in a deed) placed on the use or enjoyment of property." BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY 1054 (7th ed. 2000).

b) Restrictions are the equivalent of conditions on action
Plummer 29 J., Court Justice, MAX ZLOZOWER, Respondent, v. SAM LINDENBAUM et al., Appellants Civ. No. 3724COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT100 Cal. App. 766; 281 P. 102; 1929 Cal. App. LEXIS 404September 26, 1929, Decided, lexis
The word "restriction," when used in connection with the grant of interest in
AND
a particular event, or the performance or nonperformance of a particular act.

we meet
PNL 78, Report Commissioned by the DOE Pacific Northwestern Laboratories "An Analysis of Federal Incentives Used to Stimulate Energy Production" March 1978 www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/7059750-iKeQE4/7059750.pdf
Energy production is defined as the transformation of natural resources into commonly used forms of
AND
technology and resources to change a natural resource into a useful energy form.
 Best Interpretation:
A) Captures the benefits of outright prohibition by including statutory restrictions that make production more difficult but that are limited to those that include the possibility of complete prohibition
U.S. Code ‘5
25 U.S.C. § 3504 : US Code - Section 3504: Leases, business agreements, and rights-of-way involving energy development or transmission, 2005,
An Indian tribe may grant a right-of-way over tribal land for
AND
Secretary determines to be in the best¶ interest of the Indian tribe;¶
B) No limits distinction – no way to distinguish the number of outright ban affs and affs that restrict property AND include chance of total prohibition

C) We effectively lift a total ban – there’s no sovereign Native energy production now 

They kill topic meaning – there are no direct federal prohibitions on wind and solar; only we can give meaning to every topic word; resolutional language is the only non-arbitrary way to set predictable limits 

We Meet “financial Incentives”
Gielecki et.al. ‘1 – Economist @ U.S. Energy Information Administration
Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy, February 2001, Mark Gielecki, Fred Mayes, and Lawrence Prete, http://lobby.la.psu.edu/_107th/128_PURPA/Agency_Activities/EIA/Incentive_Mandates_and_Government.htm
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
AND
the commercial viability of the good(s) provided. (4) 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC NEPA Turn
Tribes wouldn’t forgo environmental review---current requirements are discriminatory
Unger 10—Clerk, Hon. Ferdinand Fernandez , U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, JD Loyola Law School, MA - Linguistic Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin (Kathleen, CHANGE IS IN THE WIND: SELF-DETERMINATION AND WIND POWER THROUGH TRIBAL ENERGY RESOURCE AGREEMENTS, http://www.tribesandclimatechange.org/docs/tribes_24.pdf)

Second, the environmental review requirements in the Indian Energy Act should be revised to
AND
than specifying the form of that review, as it presently does. 269

Tribal protection comparatively better than the fed
Rosser 12—Associate Professor, American University Washington College of Law; Research Affiliate, National Poverty Center, University of Michigan; M.Phil. in Land Economics, Cambridge; J.D. magna cum laude, Harvard Law School (Ezra, Ahistorical Indians and Reservation Resources, elawreview.org/2012/02/ahistorical-indians-and-reservation-resources/)

Regardless of the stance of Indian nations regarding the acceptance of the applicability of human
AND
distrust of tribal governance” in EPA and among environmental organizations.701

Environmental mandates accept the colonizing myth of Indian inferiority---their arguments assume a false choice b/w federal primacy and no environmental protection
Rosser 12—Associate Professor, American University Washington College of Law; Research Affiliate, National Poverty Center, University of Michigan; M.Phil. in Land Economics, Cambridge; J.D. magna cum laude, Harvard Law School (Ezra, Ahistorical Indians and Reservation Resources, elawreview.org/2012/02/ahistorical-indians-and-reservation-resources/)

4. Tribal Determination and International Sovereignty Unqualified tribal determination of the trade-offs
AND
as Doodá Desert Rock) in their efforts against on-reservation projects.

Decentralized tribal renewables set a model for international climate action---causes international tribe-to-tribe cooperation to solve energy sovereignty---that solves tribal economic self-sufficiency and ADAPTATION to the INEVITABLE impacts of climate --- that’s Grossman
That solves ecological collapse that causes extinction---climate’s inevitable but tribal sovereignty solves the worst environmental impacts---that’s Ryser 

AND, Billions will die
Burke ‘8 - Senior Fellow and Director – Energy Security Project at the Center for a New American Security, 2008
Sharon, Catastrophic Climate Change over the next hundred years, In Climatic Cataclysm p. 161-2
In the catastrophic climate change scenario, situations like that in Somalia will be commonplace
AND
standards of living made in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

Causes endless wars
Armstrong ’12 – Prof of Indigenous Studies @ University of British Columbia-Okanagan
On Our Own: Adapting to Climate Change – Finding and Internal and Intergovernmental Framework for an Adaptation Strategy, Jeanette Armstrong, Asserting Native Resilience: Pacific Rim Indigenous Nations Face the Climate Crisis, 2012, Oregon State University Press, Page 38
As Okanagan, our most essential responsibility is to bond our whole individual and communal
AND
new markets is the justification for the westernization of “undeveloped” cultures. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Immigration 

Department of Interior action on natives now
DOI 12, “Salazar Finalizes Reforms to Streamline Leasing, Spur Economic Development on 56 Million Acres of American Indian Trust Land”, 11-12, http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/salazar-finalizes-reforms-to-streamline-leasing-spur-economic-development-on-56-million-acres-of-american-indian-trust-land.cfm

No immigration --- guest-worker dispute derails --- and Obama’s not spending PC to fix it
WaPo 3-28, “Dispute over guest-worker program puts immigration talks at risk of delay,” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dispute-over-guest-worker-program-puts-immigration-talks-at-risk/2013/03/28/d68bee2c-96ee-11e2-814b-063623d80a60_story.html
A worsening dispute over a new guest-worker program has emerged as the most
AND
negotiations has helped ensure that the process does not become “overly politicized.”

 Bipartisan support for the plan --- uses Native alt energy for job creation, streamlining government, and poverty alleviation
Bracken Hendricks 11 is a senior fellow and Jorge Madrid is a research associate for the Energy Policy Team at the Center for American Progress; Van Jones is the founding president of Rebuild the Dream, an initiative to restore good jobs and economic opportunity, “Obama and GOP should cut red tape blocking tribe’s green energy,” 2-1-11, http://grist.org/article/2011-01-31-obama-gop-should-cut-red-tape-blocking-tribes-green-energy-2/
President Obama’s second State of the Union address set forward a bipartisan framework aimed at unleashing a clean energy revolution in America. Touching on everything from solar and wind power (hooray!), to nuclear power, to “clean” coal (sigh), the president seemed to leave no stone unturned in his quest for actionable solutions.
But unfortunately, he did omit one major point of potential bipartisan cooperation — one that could greatly accelerate our nation’s transition to a clean energy economy. The Department of Energy estimates that wind power from tribal lands could satisfy 14 percent of total U.S. electricity demand PDF, and the tribal solar resources could generate 4.5 times the total amount of energy needed to power the entire country.
Remarkably, however, as of today only one commercial-scale renewable energy project
AND
could also help keep families together by providing good jobs on the reservations.
Unfortunately, many of these sorely-needed investments never come to fruition. A long-standing backlog of catch-22 requirements, crazy-making rules, and outdated laws cause projects to stall in Indian country. Policy barriers slow development and make financing cost-ineffective.
Obama and the GOP should join forces to remove the bureaucratic barriers to rapid renewable
AND
opportunities; reduce federal bureaucracy and; move America closer to energy independence.

EPA is proposing new emission standards TODAY --- it’s Obama’s biggest environmental initiative in the 2nd term and will cause a massive fight
Reuters, 3/29/13, “EPA to propose rules slashing unhealthy emissions from cars”, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/29/us-usa-epa-gasoline-idUKBRE92R14C20130329

DOE loans for allocation in the SQ --- the discussions enough to trigger the link
NewNet, 3/18/13, Energy News Department, “US Energy Dept still debating $4.8bn of clean power loan guarantees”, http://www.newenergyworldnetwork.com/investor-news/renewable-energy-news/by-technology/energy-efficiency/us-energy-dept-still-debating-4-8bn-of-clean-power-loan-guarantees.html
At the time, rumours circulated that the assessment had been rushed through because of a high-profile government visit to a company site.

Expanding the tax base is bipartisan.
WT 11—Washington Times, http://mobile.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/arena/2011/aug/20/road-solvency-entitlement-tax-reform-and-tough-dec/
Finally, tax reform. With one of the highest corporate tax rates in the
AND
be reduced to three brackets at 8, 14 and 24% respectively.

PC’s bankrupt and isn’t key to immigration
Hirsh 2/7 Michael Hirsh is chief correspondent for National Journal. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek. Hirsh has appeared many times as a commentator on Fox News, CNN, MSNBC, and National Public Radio. He has written for the Associated Press, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Foreign Affairs, Harper’s, and Washington Monthly, and authored two books. “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital,” 2013, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207?page=1
On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
AND
his account determines what he can do at any given moment in history.

Obama’s spending capital on gun control --- incites GOP and Democratic opposition --- and it’s the top of the agenda
WaPo 3-28, “Obama, pushing gun-control agenda, says ‘shame on us if we’ve forgotten’ Newtown,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-pushing-gun-control-agenda-says-shame-on-us-if-weve-forgotten-newtown/2013/03/28/e2060b54-97be-11e2-b68f-dc5c4b47e519_story.html
President Obama delivered a forceful and emotional plea to lawmakers Thursday to pass his gun
AND
(Ky.) — in threatening to filibuster Democratic gun-control legislation.

Infrastructure thumps---it’s top of the agenda
Lederman 3-29 – Josh Lederman, Associated Press, March 29th, 2013, "Obama pitches public works spending to create jobs" www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2013/03/29/obama-to-pitch-infrastructure-investments-in-miami
MIAMI (AP) — Trying to show that the economy remains a top priority
AND
be included in the budget Obama is scheduled to release on April 10.

Obama’s focused on deficits --- facing partisan backlash and gridlock --- makes compromise impossible
Reuters 3-28, “Obama makes impassioned plea for gun control legislation,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/us-usa-obama-agenda-idUSBRE92R11J20130328
Obama's attempt to negotiate a "grand bargain" aimed at reducing the U.
AND
reach a compromise," White House deputy press secretary Josh Earnest said Wednesday.

DA’s not intrinsic: a rational policymaker can do the plan and pass immigration

Winner’s win---prefer recent and qualified evidence
Hirsh 2/7 Michael, chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, "There's No Such Thing as Political Capital", 2013, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
AND
change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect.”

Heg
No transition wars and heg isn’t key---int’l institutions check
Fordham 12—professor of political science at Binghamton University (Ben, International Economic Institutions and Great Power Peace, 8/12/12, http://gt2030.com/2012/08/15/international-economic-institutions-and-great-power-peace/)

I enjoyed Jack Levy’s comments on how the world would have looked to people writing
AND
the benefits that emerging powers like China receive from upholding the status quo.

Critical to restore U.S. legitimacy and Global Leadership
Bradford ‘5 - Chiricahua Apache and Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law
Beyond Reparations: An American Indian Theory of Justice, WILLIAM BRADFORD, Chiricahua Apache and Associate Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law, OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL, VOLUME 66, NUMBER 1, 2005, Lexis Law Reviews
Despite its imperfections, the U.S. is an exceptional nation, and
AND
justice for Indians presents a chance to publicly reaffirm our national moral character.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Mikchigan AP | Judge:
Plan
The United States Federal Government should make entities that enact early disposition of solar energy property eligible for the solar energy investment tax credit.
Solvency
Recapture rules on the investment tax credit prevent solar financing---2 reasons

1. Investor shortage---to use the ITC, solar developers need to find a tax equity investor, but the recession wiped out their traditional partners
   Meister 12 Joel holds a BA in international affairs from the George Washington University. Manager of Government Affairs at the Solar Energy Industries Association, former Outreach and Policy Assistant at the Center for Global Development, “SUNNY DISPOSITIONS: Modernizing Investment Tax Credit Recapture Rules for Solar Energy Project Finance After The Stimulus,” September 2012, http://solar.gwu.edu/Research/Meister_Sunny_Dispositions_ITC_Recapture.pdf
   The Impact of the 2008 Financial Crisis¶ A developer will often seek to monetize
   AND
   4 billion in 2008 and $1.2 billion in 2009.” 25
   Recapture rules scare off the new investors solar needs---reforming them solves
   Meister 12 Joel holds a BA in international affairs from the George Washington University. Manager of Government Affairs at the Solar Energy Industries Association, former Outreach and Policy Assistant at the Center for Global Development, “SUNNY DISPOSITIONS: Modernizing Investment Tax Credit Recapture Rules for Solar Energy Project Finance After The Stimulus,” September 2012, http://solar.gwu.edu/Research/Meister_Sunny_Dispositions_ITC_Recapture.pdf
   Modernization would also reduce a significant barrier for non-traditional investors who would be
   AND
   and make them more comfortable with transactions incorporating debt at the project level.
   There’s tax equity shortage now---biggest hurdle to solar production---increasing investment is key
   PR Newswire 3-14 – PR Newswire, March 14th, 2013, "Sol Systems Brings New Tax Equity to Solar, Finances 5 MW" finance.yahoo.com/news/sol-systems-brings-tax-equity-145700946.html
   The US solar industry is supported by a 30% investment tax credit that generally
   AND
   achieve, we must continue to build and diversify the pool of investors."
   2. Negotiations---recapture risk leads to clashes between tax equity investors and lenders, causing higher costs and project failure
   Meister 12 Joel holds a BA in international affairs from the George Washington University. Manager of Government Affairs at the Solar Energy Industries Association, former Outreach and Policy Assistant at the Center for Global Development, “SUNNY DISPOSITIONS: Modernizing Investment Tax Credit Recapture Rules for Solar Energy Project Finance After The Stimulus,” September 2012, http://solar.gwu.edu/Research/Meister_Sunny_Dispositions_ITC_Recapture.pdf
   The two lowest-cost options of the 1603 Treasury Program and federal loan guarantees
   AND
   , ultimately leading to higher costs for the party purchasing the power. 110
   The plan resolves recapture problems
   Meister 12 Joel holds a BA in international affairs from the George Washington University. Manager of Government Affairs at the Solar Energy Industries Association, former Outreach and Policy Assistant at the Center for Global Development, “SUNNY DISPOSITIONS: Modernizing Investment Tax Credit Recapture Rules for Solar Energy Project Finance After The Stimulus,” September 2012, http://solar.gwu.edu/Research/Meister_Sunny_Dispositions_ITC_Recapture.pdf
   Revising Section 50 and Barriers to Recapture Modernization¶ Just as Congress focused on the
   AND
   person and that the property continues to qualify as specified energy property.” 263
   Effective federal ITC is key to stability and uniformity---the alternative is uncertainty, boom-bust cycles and industry failure
   Rosten 11 Keith Rosten, president of SolarTown LLC, attorney and former consultant on international development projects, October 20 2011, “Why the US Needs a National Solar Energy Policy,” http://www.solartown.com/blog/2011/10/why-the-us-needs-a-national-solar-energy-policy/
   The reason that the ITC has been important is that it is the only long
   AND
   in the interest of the country to forge this policy sooner than later.
   Only the plan makes solar cost-competitive---incentivizes learning by doing that brings down costs exponentially
   Reichelstein and Yorston 12 Stefan Reichelstein, PhD, Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment, Professor of Accounting at the Stanford Graduate School of Business; Michael Yorston, Dept of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford, October 2012, “The Prospects for Cost Competitive Solar PV Power,” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2182828
   Solar PV modules have experienced a remarkably consistent pattern of learning-by-doing
   AND
   , nor does it seem essential to maintain the current public subsidies indefinitely.

Advantage 2---Leadership
US leadership in clean energy is at a crossroads---resolving low-cost capital shortage is key
Mormann and Reicher 12 Felix Mormann, Associate Professor at the University of Miami School of Law and Faculty Fellow with Stanford University’s Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance; Dan Reicher, Executive Director of Stanford’s Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance, “INVEST BUT REFORM,” http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/11/13%20federalism/13%20clean%20energy%20investment.pdf
The worldwide race for technological leadership in clean and renewable energy is on. Valued
AND
. This dearth of capital for renewables stems from a variety of factors:

That leadership prevents global resource wars and warming---it provides the leverage to maintain primacy
Klarevas 9 Dr. Louis Klarevas, 2012 Fulbright Scholar in IR, Clinical Assistant Professor at the Center for Global Affairs at NYU, PhD in IR from American University, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html)
As national leaders from around the world are gathering in Copenhagen, Denmark, to
AND
means of leverage that can be employed to keep potential foes in check.

Renewed US leadership on climate now’s key to Durban success --- actions must match words
Michael McCarthy 13, The Independent, 1-22, “Climate change Obama can believe in “, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/climate-change-obama-can-believe-in-8462290.html
But while change at home will be hard, it is in the international arena
AND
climate change will become an important part of Barack Obama’s legacy,” he said

Europe, India, Japan, and the United States, the Harvard Project on Climate Agreements is prepared to contribute to this effort.  Please stay tuned.

Solves runaway warming
Helle Jeppesen 11, MSN, “Breakthrough in Durban: Pragmatism over perfection”, December, http://arabia.msn.com/technology/news/dw/2011/december/11171643/breakthrough-durban-pragmatism-over-perfection.aspx
Following extended talks, which stretched into the early hours of Sunday, delegates representing the 194
And
agreement that allows us to pursue ambitious measures for protecting the global climate."

Warming causes extinction---scientific consensus proves
Flournoy 12 -- Citing Feng Hsu, PhD NASA Scientist @ the Goddard Space Flight
AND
, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book, p. 10-11
In the Online Journal of Space Communication , Dr. Feng Hsu, a  NASA
AND
simply too high for us to take any chances” (Hsu 2010 )
It’s real and is anthropogenic
Prothero 12 Donald R. Prothero, Professor of Geology at Occidental College and Lecturer in Geobiology at the California Institute of Technology, 3-1-2012, "How We Know Global Warming is Real and Human Caused," Skeptic, 17.2, EBSCO
How do we know that global warming is real and primarily human caused? There
AND
change when it threatens their survival. Neither can we as a society.
Heg checks conflict globally---decline causes great power war
Zhang and Shi 11 – Yuhan Zhang, researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Lin Shi, Columbia University, independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and consultant for the World Bank, January 22, 2011, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry,” East Asia Forum, online: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
Over the past two decades, no other state has had the ability to seriously
AND
forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy.
1AC --- Germany
US is losing the clean race to Germany—new incentives mean we crowd them out
Tawney 12 (Letha, Senior Associate in the World Resources Institute, Master’s of Public Administration from the Harvard Kennedy School, “Competing in the Solar Industry: Delivering Green Jobs While Keeping Energy Costs Low,” http://www.cleanedge.com/resources/views/competing-solar-industry-delivering-green-jobs-while-keeping-energy-costs-low)
The solar industry has come a long way in recent years, but now companies
AND
such a win-win scenario, policy clearly plays an important role.
German renewables are set to boom and cause massive capital inflows—uncertainty in the US is key
Bayar 2/27 (Tildy, Associate Editor for Renewable Energy World, “Forecasting Finance in a Turbulent Renewables Industry,” http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/02/forecasting-finance-in-a-turbulent-industry)
LONDON -- Renewables funding has a bright future, according to analysis firm Frost and
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to play its role as a market of significant growth,” he said.

Means they overheat
Artus 12 (Patrick, Patrick Artus is today the Chief Economist at Natixis. He began his career in 1975 where his work included economic forecasting and modelisation. He then worked at the Economics Department of the OECD (1980), before becoming Head of Research at the ENSAE. Thereafter, Patrick taught seminars on research at Paris Dauphine (1982) and was Professor at a number of Universities (including Dauphine, ENSAE, Centre des Hautes Etudes de l'Armement, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées and HEC Lausanne). Patrick is now Professor of Economics at University Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne. Patrick was awarded "Best Economist of the year 1996" by the "Nouvel Economiste", and today is a member of the council of economic advisors to the French Prime Minister. “Avoid investing in German financial assets,” 5/9, http://www.ftseglobalmarkets.com/blog/european-review/avoid-investing-in-german-financial-assets.html)
It may seem tempting to invest in German financial or property assets: Germany's economic
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it occurred in Spain, Ireland and the United States, for example).

German inflation kills the EU
Vincent Cignarella 12, WSJ, “Inflation May Drive Germany Out of the Eurozone”, 3-13, http://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2012/04/13/inflation-may-drive-germany-out-of-the-eurozone/
There is one word that could upset the delicate balance of European monetary policy and
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refinancing operations are an example of the latter group’s wishes currently winning out.

Strong EU prevents extinction
Bruton 2 - John Bruton T.D, The Irish Times, Thursday, January 31, 2002,  A Report For The Joint Oireachtas Committee On European Affairs
As the Laeken Declaration put it, "Europe needs to shoulder its responsibilities in
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truly human, prevail over blind global forces that will otherwise overwhelm us.
Cyprus means reforms that stabilize the eurozone are likely
Kapoor 3/26 (Sony, Managing Director of the think tank Re-Define since 2008 and is also a Visiting Fellow at the London School of Economics. He was elected Chairman of the Banking Stakeholder Group of the European Banking Authority in mid-2011. During 2011 Mr Kapoor was an expert Visiting Fellow at the European Commission dealing with Economic Governance, Financial Reform and the Euro Crisis. He was also a member of the expert panel advising the European Parliament’s special committeeon the financial and economic crisis (CRIS) for the two years of its existence. “The Cyprus bailout isn't all bad: here are four silver linings,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/mar/26/cyprus-bailout-eurozone)
Most recent commentary on the Cyprus bailout has been remarkably negative. Not without reason
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bankers and policy-makers alike – and that is no mean achievement.
German overheating causes reforms to fail—collapses the Eurozone
Yglesias 3/18 (Matthew, Slate's business and economics correspondent. Before joining the magazine he worked for ThinkProgress, the Atlantic, TPM Media, and the American Prospect, “Europe Won't Thrive Until The ECB Starts Doing European Monetary Policy,” http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2013/03/18/ecb_s_monetary_policy_can_t_just_be_good_for_germany.html)
If you want to understand the backdrop for the problems in Cyprus, or the
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. If you want the eurozone to work, there's no other choice.
Eurozone collapse spurs massive global depression and protectionism
Wright, 12 -- Brookings Managing Global Order fellow
(Thomas, Ph.D. from Georgetown University, former executive director of studies at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, a lecturer at the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago, and senior researcher for the Princeton Project on National Security, "What if Europe Fails?" The Washington Quarterly, Summer 2012, 35:3, 23-41, csis.org/files/publication/twq12SummerWright.pdf, accessed 10-21-12, mss)
The most immediate and obvious impact would be on the European and global economy.
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global economic integration and open the door to neo-mercantilism and protectionism.
Global economic crisis causes nuclear war
Cesare Merlini 11, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States and Europe and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute for International Affairs, May 2011, “A Post-Secular World?”, Survival, Vol. 53, No. 2
Two neatly opposed scenarios for the future of the world order illustrate the range of
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theocratic absolutes, competing or converging with secular absolutes such as unbridled nationalism.
Eurozone collapse causes World War III
Gommes, 11 -- former Columbia Law Review senior editor
(Thomas, publisher of Periscope Post, former corporate lawyer, "Eurozone in crisis: The death of the euro could trigger World War III," 12-9-11, www.periscopepost.com/2011/12/eurozone-in-crisis-the-death-of-the-euro-could-trigger-world-war-iii/, accessed 10-23-12, mss)
Eurozone in crisis: The death of the euro could trigger World War III The
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solution to problems, or at minimum an acceptable response to perceived slights.
Eurozone collapse causes multiple war flashpoints and Russian adventurism
BMI, 10-17 (Business Monitor International - Risk Watchdog, "Would The Eurozone’s Collapse Lead To War?," 10-17-12, www.riskwatchdog.com/2012/10/17/would-the-eurozone’s-collapse-lead-to-war/, accessed 10-21-12, mss)
Peripheral European War Risks More Plausible¶ Nonetheless, in the event that the eurozone
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or push for the de jure separation of Moldova’s separatist region of Transdniestria.
They’ll pre-emptively use nukes in former Satellite states
Andrea Peters 10, journalist and WSW Contributor, “Russia announces expansion of nuclear capabilities, sanctions pre-emptive nuclear strikes”, World Socialist Website, 1-7, http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/jan2010/russ-j07.shtml
In late December, Russian President Dmitri Medvedev announced that his government intended to develop
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force within the former Soviet space, capable of sudden, decisive intervention.”
Russia adventurism goes nuclear
Blank 9 – Dr. Stephen Blank is a Research Professor of National Security Affairs at the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College, March 2009, “Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?” http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub908.pdf
Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia can then deter regional or intercontinental attacks
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perhaps make wars of aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: UNT MQ | Judge: 

2ac

2AC Yes War

Russia economy low now—-multiple alt causes

Businessweek 13 – Scott Rose AND* Olga Tanas, January 31st, 2013, "Russian Economy Probably Slowed to Three-Year Low in 2012" www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-30/russian-economy-probably-slowed-to-three-year-low-in-2012-http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-01-30/russian-economy-probably-slowed-to-three-year-low-in-2012
Russia’s economy probably grew last year at the weakest pace since a contraction in 2009
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in more than three years in December, which may sap buying power.

Collapse of Russia oil/gas production inevitable—-decreased Europe use and US shale revolution

Rapoza 10-3 – Kenneth Rapoza, writer for Forbes, October 3rd, 2012, "Is Russia Ready For Life After Oil?" www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2012/10/03/is-russia-ready-for-life-after-oil/
Earlier this year, as in April 2012, major oil producers had their worst
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the government takes in its fiscal policy and the investment climate in general.

No economy impact

Goodrich and Zeihan 9 ~Lauren Goodrich, Stratfor’s Director of Analysis and Senior Eurasia analyst, and Peter Zeihan, Vice President of Analysis at Stratfor, "The Financial Crisis and the Six Pillars of Russian Strength," March 3 2009, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090302_financial_crisis_and_six_pillars_russian_strength-http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/20090302_financial_crisis_and_six_pillars_russian_strength~~
Thus, while Russia’s financial sector may be getting torn apart, the state does
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has many tools more potent than finance with which to continue reasserting itself.

US sanctions mean no companies have tech—wrecks solvency

Benjamin-Alvadaro 10 (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association, "Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation")
As long as the economic and trade restrictions imposed on the government of Cuba by
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is closed to Cuba by the trade and commercial restrictions currently in place.
"The good news is we found oil; the bad news is we found
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States special interest groups to lobby for lifting the economic and trade restrictions.

Companies will say no—don’t want to challenge the US

Benjamin-Alvadaro 10 (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association, "Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation")
The pursuit of deepwater offshore deposits may not unfold as rapidly as the news releases
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of these suppliers adds up to 30 percent to a project’s cost.17

Russia exploration fails

Benjamin-Alvadaro 10 (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association, "Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation")
In 2008 Brazil’s Petrobras was awarded an exploration and production concession for block 37,
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second-largest oil exporter, and the third-largest energy consumer.

Putin means a high risk of brinkmanship

Golts 2/13 (Alexander, deputy editor of the online newspaper Yezhednevny Zhurnal, "Why Putin Emulates North Korea,"  http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/why-putin-emulates-north-korea/475717.html~~%23ixzz2NpUMlLGT)
Washington’s nuclear-reduction proposal is clearly a huge gift to Russia on silver platter
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Russia to reduce its nonstrategic nuclear weapons will be an even harder sell.
Thus, Moscow’s approach is remarkably similar to that of Pyongyang. North Korean leader
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the world, yet by and large this trick has worked for Pyongyang.
Up until now, the same approach has never worked for Russia because nobody believed that Putin is as reckless as the North Korean leadership. But over the past year, the Duma has adopted irrational, provocative anti-U.S. laws under Putin’s sponsorship. This raises two serious questions: Is Putin trying to emulate Kim Jong-un and his father, Kim Jong-il, and how far is Putin willing to take his reckless policy?

2AC Bioterror

Risk of bioterror is high—-extinction

Matheny 7 Jason is a research associate at Oxford University’s Future of Humanity Institute. He previously worked at the Center for Biosecurity and holds an MBA from Duke University. "Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction," Risk Analysis Vol. 27, No. 5, http://users.physics.harvard.edu/~~wilson/pmpmta/Mahoney_extinction.pdf
Of current extinction risks, the most severe may be bioterrorism. The knowledge needed
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to respond to pandemics (Lam, Franco, %26 Shuler, 2006).

Empirics and best studies prove

Wohlforth 8 William, Daniel Webster Professor of Government in the Dartmouth College Department of Government, October, World Politics, "Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War," www.­polisci.­wisc.­edu/­Uploads/­Documents/­IRC/­Wohlforth (2009)­.­pdf)
Despite increasingly compelling findings concerning the importance of status seeking in human behavior, research
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are also consistent with power transition and other rationalist theories of hegemonic war.

Heg sustainable—-alliances, military gap and institutions

Beckley 11 Michael Beckley, Fellow at Harvard University’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and a Fellow at the Miller Center at the University of Virginia, September 2011, "The Unipolar Era: Why American Power Persists and China’s Rise Is Limited," http://michaelbeckleydotcom.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/beckley_writing-sample6.pdf-http://michaelbeckleydotcom.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/beckley_writing-sample6.pdf
The second assumption is that U.S. hegemony is highly consolidated. In
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economic, military, and institutional capabilities than past hegemons ever had.22
In terms of economic capabilities, the U.S. combines size with a
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makes it the most influential member of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
These dominant capabilities translate into influence. Most obviously, they provide the U.
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, at once, less visible but more profound than brute force.25
In past bipolar and multipolar eras, U.S. structural power was constrained
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for the need to enlist allies in the struggle against another major power.
Traditional theories assume that hegemons inevitably get bogged down and suffer from strategic overextension.
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higher price for its support and privilege its own interests with greater impunity.
This is not to say that the U.S. can completely shirk its
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‐maintenance costs, but takes a disproportionate share of the benefits.32
For example, the U.S. bears major military burdens. 33 It
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, garnering influence through the provision of security. As Joseph Nye explains:
Even if the direct use of force were banned among a group of countries,
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factor not mentioned openly but present in the back of statesmen’s minds.36 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: UNT MQ | Judge: 

2AC Courts CP

Perm do both – shields politics

Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, "Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling", 6-12,  http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528%26cpage=2)
Thursday’s decision, from a Supreme Court dominated by Republican appointees, gives Democrats further cover against GOP sniping. "This is something that the court has decided, and very often the court gives political cover to Congress," said Ross K. Baker, a Rutgers Universitiy political science professor. "You can simply point to a Supreme Court decision and say, ’The devil made me do it.’ "

Court oil decisions are unpredictable—-wreck solvency

Neese 5 Angela – Candidate for Juris Doctor, University of Colorado School of Law, 2005; B.S.B.A., University of Denver, "THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE COLORADO OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CALL FOR A NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH", 2005, 76 U. Colo. L. Rev. 561, Lexis
These two leading Colorado Supreme Court decisions, Bowen/Edwards and Voss, were
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a number of unanswered questions that will likely lead to future legal battles.

Perm do the CP – plan says USFG and not enforcing a restriction removes it even if it remains on the books

Berger 1 - Justice for the Supreme Court of Delaware - Opinion, INDUSTRIAL RENTALS, INC., ISAAC BUDOVITCH and FLORENCE BUDOVITCH, Appellants Below, Appellants, v. NEW CASTLE COUNTY BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT and NEW CASTLE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF LAND USE, Appellees Below, Appellees. No. 233, 2000SUPREME COURT OF DELAWARE776 A.2d 528; 2001 Del. LEXIS 300April 10, 2001, Submitted July 17, 2001, Decided lexis
We disagree. HN2  Statutes must be read as a whole and all the words
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projects should not have been included in the scope of the Budovitches’ TIS.

Courts link to politics

Mr. Mirengoff 10 is an attorney in Washington, D.C. A.B., Dartmouth College J.D., Stanford Law School, June 23 The Federalist Society Online Debate Series, http://www.fed-soc.org/debates/dbtid.41/default.asp
The other thing I found interesting was the degree to which Democrats used the hearings
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president at that time, he likely will receive some of the blame.

Cuba is key to Obama’s cred on engagement with non-democratic regimes

Dickerson 10 – Lieutenant Colonel Sergio M. Dickerson, 2010, "United States Security Strategy Towards Cuba," Strategy Research Project, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA518053-http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA518053
Conclusion¶ Today, 20 years have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall
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decline in the greater global order bringing true peace for years to come.

Solves war

Charles Kupchan 11, professor of international affairs at Georgetown University and Whitney Shepardson Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, June 2011, "The false promise of unipolarity: constraints on the exercise of American power," Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol. 24, No. 2, p. 165-173
These examples aside, Brooks and Wohlforth also fail to address another important pathway through
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and toleration of political diversity rather than the normative hegemony of the West.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: UNT MQ | Judge: 

Oil companies massively support the plan and lobby for it—-determines Congressional sentiment

Sadowski 11 – Richard Sadowski 11, J.D., Hofstra University School of Law, Fall 2011, "IN THIS ISSUE: NATURAL RESOURCE CONFLICT: CUBAN OFFSHORE DRILLING: PREPARATION AND PREVENTION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE UNITED STATES’ EMBARGO," Sustainable Development Law %26 Policy, 12 Sustainable Dev. L. %26 Pol’y 37, p. lexis
A U.S. Geological Survey estimates that Cuba’s offshore oil fields hold at
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to develop new oil resources on the doorstep of the United States." n42

Perception that the U.S. is losing out determines debates

Curry L. Hagerty 11, Specialist in Energy and Natural Resources Policy, Congressional Research Service, 5/6/11, "Outer Continental Shelf Moratoria on Oil and Gas Development," http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41132.pdf
Global economic factors play a major role in deliberations about OCS drilling activity. At
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part of how moratoria are considered as a tool for OCS policy development. 

The Secretary of the Treasury does the plan

Huddleston 9 (Vicki Huddleston, deputy assistant secretary of defense for Africa at the Department of Defense, visiting fellow at Brookings and co-director of the Brookings Project on U.S. Policy Toward a Cuba in Transition from 2007 to 2009, Carlos Pascual, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, He was vice president and director of Foreign Policy at Brookings from 2006 to 2009, "Use "Smart Power" to Help Cubans," http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2009/02/24-cuba-huddleston)
Executive authority¶ Again and again we hear that the embargo can’t be changed because
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to live up to international norms of human rights, democracy and transparency.

Obama PC fails now—-action on OCS drilling’s a key olive branch that generates GOP support for other priorities like immigration

CSM 1-20 – Christian Science Monitor, 1/20/13, "Obama’s second term: Can he work with Congress? (+video)," http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0120/Obama-s-second-term-Can-he-work-with-Congress-video
"The president has been criticized by many people for his inability or unwillingness to
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have plenty of GOP support – but that remains a large "if."