Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: MSU HR | Judge: Woodruff, Perkins, and Hardy

1NC

Prizes

The United States federal government should establish five one million dollar annual prizes to be distributed to the colleges or universities in the United States that demonstrate the greatest success in commercialization of fusion power generation. One million dollar prize should be established for the greatest success over a five year period.
Each prize recipient should be honored at an awards ceremony hosted by the President of the United States.
The CP motivates private sector action to solve tech breakthroughs and STEM  
Charlton %26 Andras 8 (Bruce G., Editor-in-Chief — Medical Hypothesis, Peter Andras, Member of the Editorial Advisory Board — Medical Hypotheses, Newcastle University,  "Stimulating revolutionary science with mega-cash prizes," Medical Hypotheses - Volume 70, Issue 4, 2008, http://medicalhypotheses.blogspot.com/2008/03/mega-cash-prizes-for-revolutionary.html-http://medicalhypotheses.blogspot.com/2008/03/mega-cash-prizes-for-revolutionary.html, CMR)

In conclusion, we suggest that revolutionary science could be encouraged by increasing the monetary
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these tough problems may be delayed, or they may never be solved.
INNOVATION – government-led programs discourage diversity key to solvency – prizes solve 
Adler 11 (Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, "EYES ON A CLIMATE PRIZE: REWARDING ENERGY INNOVATION TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE STABILIZATION", 35 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1, lexis, CMR)

Like traditional research and development ("R%26D") grants, government supported prizes
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complex eligibility requirements, or ingratiate oneself with grant-making authorities. n81

COMMERCIALIZATION – government r%26d doesn’t produce commercially viable tech or innovations – private sector solves best
Adler 11 (Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, "EYES ON A CLIMATE PRIZE: REWARDING ENERGY INNOVATION TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE STABILIZATION", 35 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1, lexis, CMR)

Federal funding of science is worthwhile, particularly for basic scientific research. n209 Yet
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process can induce innovation by offering a substantial financial reward for significant breakthroughs.
Direct federal investment R%26D expenditures tend to be less productive than private sector
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mature technologies rather than those projects more likely to spur needed innovation. n215
CROWD-OUT – Plan discourages best scientists from innovating in the field – turns STEM and innovation
Adler 11 (Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, "EYES ON A CLIMATE PRIZE: REWARDING ENERGY INNOVATION TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE STABILIZATION", 35 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1, lexis, CMR)

Government grants are also subject to various regulations and reporting rules that inflate costs and
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diffusion, but are perhaps not very skilled at documenting their work." n218
CP avoids politicization – comparative evidence
Adler 11 (Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, "EYES ON A CLIMATE PRIZE: REWARDING ENERGY INNOVATION TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE STABILIZATION", 35 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1, lexis, CMR)

Energy policy is typically quite politicized, and energy subsidies are no exception. Government
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as-yet-undeveloped innovation will go to a politically preferred recipient.

States

The State and Territorial Governments in the Department of Energy’s Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research should substantially increase financial support for federal programs for fusion energy generation in the United States.
DOE EPSCoR program empirically funds fusion research at national labs, including STEM students – states can contribute funds
Gary C. April, PhD, Associate Director Alabama DOE EPSCoR, 2005, "Alabama DOE EPSCoR," http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/05/EPSCoR/pdf/abstracts/powell-abstract.pdf
The Alabama DOE EPSCoR Program is made up of three integrated components including Program Coordination
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, Oak Ridge, Los Alamos, and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories.   

===CIR===
It’ll pass but PC is key 
Dann 3/27 (Carrie, Political Reporter, NBC News, "Obama optimistic on immigration legislation", http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite-http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite, CMR) 

As a bipartisan group of senators chips away at the remaining obstacles to an immigration
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hope that we will make that progress, along with many other goals."
Congress will attack the plan – seen as a wasteful "blank check"
NTI 12/7/12 (Congress Scrutinizes Fusion "Ignition" Project, http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/congress-scrutinizes-fusion-projects-mounting-cost/-http://www.nti.org/gsn/article/congress-scrutinizes-fusion-projects-mounting-cost/, CMR)

Legislative analysts have voiced significant doubts over the prospects of an effort to perform nuclear
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looking at fiscal 2014 to talk about budget," according to the insider.
PC is key and finite
Nakamura 2/20 (David, "In interview, Obama says he has a year to get stuff done", 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/02/20/in-interview-obama-says-he-has-a-year-to-get-stuff-done/-http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/02/20/in-interview-obama-says-he-has-a-year-to-get-stuff-done/, CMR)

President Obama said Wednesday he’s eager to move quickly to enact his second-term
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issues from tax reform, budget cuts, immigration reform and gun control.

Immigration reform key to STEM leadership and biotech innovation
Scullion ’13 (Christine, "Manufacturers Take the Lead In STEM Education", January 8, http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/manufacturers-take-the-lead-in-stem-education/27254-http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/manufacturers-take-the-lead-in-stem-education/27254, CMR) 

The U.S. the leading producer of cutting-edge products such as
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the right time will ensure that the US remains a global innovation leader.
The impact is bioterror
Chyba 4 - Co-Director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), Stanford Institute for International Studies, and an Associate Professor at Stanford University
~Christopher %26 Alex Greninger, "Biotechnology and Bioterrorism: An Unprecedented World" Survival, 46:2, Summer 2004~ 

In the absence of a comprehensive and effective system of global review of potential high
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dramatic results through biological programmes and would choose to direct their efforts elsewhere. 

Extinction
Steinbruner 97 John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, "Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses," n109 p85(12), infotrac
Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential weapons
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for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.

Trade-off

RENEWABLES POISED FOR EXPLOSIVE GROWTH AND WILL OUTCOMPETE ALL COPETITORS
Mitchell 2/13 (Travis, associate editor for all FierceEnergy and FierceFinance publications and is based in the Washington, DC office. Before joining FierceMarkets, Travis worked as an editorial/communication intern at the Rural Community Assistance Partnership, a national non-profit focusing on clean water and has also worked on the multimedia desk for the Washington bureau of Agence France-Presse. Travis holds a B.A. in journalism from American University in Washington, DC, where he also spent four years as a student DJ for WVAU. He is fluent in French, a music lover and enjoys eating his way around the District, Facts show renewable energy success, http://www.fierceenergy.com/story/facts-show-renewable-energy-success/2013-02-19, MDA)

There are plenty of misconceptions about the costs and benefits of renewable energy. But
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make the argument against these generation sources and the policies that support them.
Investments in nuclear power trade off with investment in renewables – renewables key to halt warming
Carbon Control News 7/7/2008 "Activists make new economic case against nuclear’s climate benefits", lexis
A number of new reports have emerged arguing that investments in nuclear power could contribute
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as defibrillating a corpse: it will jump, but it won’t revive."
Extinction  
Speth 8 ~James, dean of the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Currently he serves the school as the Carl W. Knobloch, Jr. Dean and Sara Shallenberger Brown Professor in the Practice of Environmental Policy, The Bridge @ the Edge of the World, pg. 26~

The possibility of abrupt climate change is linked to what may be the most problematic
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and the trip will exterminate a large fraction of species on the planet.

Solvency

To solve their advantages, they have to win the plan will result in global spread of fusion plants. They’ve written their plan to be as vague and nebulous as possible, which means it doesn’t solve – unspecified money for R%26D doesn’t change the economics of nuclear and no solvency card in the aff says they speed up commercialization.
Fusion fails – multiple warrants
Murphy 12 – Associate Professor in the Physics department at UCSD, and a member of the Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Tom Murphy, "Crunching the Numbers for Nuclear Fusion", February 3, 2012, http://gigaom.com/cleantech/crunching-the-numbers-for-nuclear-fusion/

The ITER experiment, if it adheres to its schedule and projected budget, will
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if things are not maintained in tip-top condition through the years.
Fusion won’t deliver – optimists are wrong and spin-offs are non-existent hype ~also in a2 spin-offs~
Kovel 1/4 ("Home All Engineering News South Korea, U.S. plan joint project for fusion reactor", http://why.knovel.com/all-engineering-news/2181-south-korea-us-plan-joint-project-for-fusion-reactor.html-http://why.knovel.com/all-engineering-news/2181-south-korea-us-plan-joint-project-for-fusion-reactor.html, CMR)

Despite the optimism surrounding the project on the part of PPPL, Slate’s Charles Seife
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by unrealistic optimists focused purely on the potential to solve global energy needs.
 

Spin-Offs

Fusion won’t deliver – optimists are wrong and spin-offs are non-existent hype ~also in a2 fusion~
Kovel 1/4 ("Home All Engineering News South Korea, U.S. plan joint project for fusion reactor", http://why.knovel.com/all-engineering-news/2181-south-korea-us-plan-joint-project-for-fusion-reactor.html-http://why.knovel.com/all-engineering-news/2181-south-korea-us-plan-joint-project-for-fusion-reactor.html, CMR)

Despite the optimism surrounding the project on the part of PPPL, Slate’s Charles Seife
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by unrealistic optimists focused purely on the potential to solve global energy needs.
Reject tech predictions – empirically fail
Hendzel, 13 (Kevin,  Linguist and translator Kevin Hendzel draws on over 25 years of experience in Russian-English translation, interpretation, professional writing and editing, national media relations and public outreach, and has appeared on national and international media with a wordwide audience exceeding 100 million, Kevin Hendzel’s professional background includes an extended period working on the US-Russia Direct Communications Link, also known as the Presidential "Hotline," where he was Senior Linguist of the technical translation staff, "Why predictions about the future of technology always go awry", January 11, http://www.kevinhendzel.com/the-future-has-an-ancient-heart-why-predictions-about-the-future-of-language-technology-always-go-hopelessly-awry/-http://www.kevinhendzel.com/the-future-has-an-ancient-heart-why-predictions-about-the-future-of-language-technology-always-go-hopelessly-awry/, CMR)

"Scholars and scientists who work on mechanical translation believe that within a few years
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advance or align with human experience will be modified, rejected or ignored.¶
No Impact- China already rigs US semiconductors
Thomas 7 ~ William Thomas: A professional journalist for nearly five decades, author of Days of Deception: Ground Zero and Beyond, Bringing the War Home, and Chemtrails Confirmed, TROJAN CHIPS COULD CRIPPLE US ATTACK ON IRAN , February,  http://www.willthomasonline.net/Trojan_Chips_Could_Cripple_US_A.html-http://www.willthomasonline.net/Trojan_Chips_Could_Cripple_US_A.html~~

It is widely documented that since the secession of America’s semiconductor supremacy to Asia,
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those decks to insure China’s supremacy in any showdown with the United States.

 This has been accomplished by ensuring that its exported semiconductors used in many U.S. military computer and electronic components-from cell phones to missile warheads, fighter jets, frigates, radars, laptops and carriers-can be either accidentally or purposefully deactivated by a silent and invisible electromagnetic pulse delivered at the start of any future conflict.

Nanoelectric innovation solves
Kansas City Star 10 ~"Semiconductor research Corporation and National science Foundation Further Fuel Nanoelectronics Research," October 12, http://www.kansascity.com/2010/10/12/2302629/semiconductor-research-corporation.html~~
Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), the world’s leading university-research consortium for semiconductors
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help find a solution to this significant issue facing the semiconductor industry today." 

Can’t solve – econ status, falling demand and spending power
SFGate 11 ~San Francisco Chronicle,  1/12/11, Global Electronic Chemicals Market to Reach US%2430.9 Billion by 2015, According to New Report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc., http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/01/12/prweb8058104.DTL~~

Electronic chemicals are used in producing electronic components such as Printed Circuit Boards (
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, reduction in household wealth, lower discretionary incomes and weaker spending power. 

STEM
No STEM shortage – best experts agree their argument is hype
Benderly 12 (Beryl, "The Johnny-can’t-do-science myth damages US research", Jan/Feb, http://www.cjr.org/reports/what_scientist_shortage.php?page=all-http://www.cjr.org/reports/what_scientist_shortage.php?page=all, CMR)

But what "we all know," as Senator Cornyn put it, turns out
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in university labs; near indentured servitude for holders of temporary work visas.
Their authors are biased
Teitelbaum 3 (Michael, Ph.D. in demographics, educated at Reed College %26 Oxford University, former Rhodes Scholar, Program Director at the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation – a philanthropic foundation that has long devoted substantial funding to improving the health of U.S. science, engineering, and economic performance %26 former Staff Director of the Select Committee on Population in the House of Representatives, "Do we need more scientists?," The Public Interest, Fall, Google)

On this issue, where one stands depends upon where one sits. Most of
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more lucrative clients such as would-be employers of skilled foreign workers.
No terrorism impact
Mueller, ’10 – professor of political science at Ohio State University and author of Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda, more qualed than your tool-authors ~John, "Calming Our Nuclear Jitters", Winter, http://www.issues.org/26.2/mueller.html-http://www.issues.org/26.2/mueller.html, CMR~

A daunting task Politicians of all stripes preach to an anxious, appreciative, and
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weapons would probably remain under heavy guard by people who know that a purloin
No retaliation –
Supply is self-correcting and inevitable – current trends prove
Venton 12 (Danielle, "Rare-Earth Mining Rises Again in United States", 5/11, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/05/rare-earth-mining-rises-again/-http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/05/rare-earth-mining-rises-again/, CMR)

That may soon change. Encouraged by rising prices and political support, new mines
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ton, the strategic vulnerability that’s caused so much concern should be eased.¶ 

2NC

Prizes

PDC

It’s not financial support
IPC ’10
(Industrial Performance Center @ MIT, "Prizes for Energy Innovation: Incentives for Today’s Challenges", March 2010, http://reazioneacatena.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/x-prize-paper.pdf-http://reazioneacatena.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/x-prize-paper.pdf, DZ)
Those wishing to sponsor innovation within a country, company or organization have many tools
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investors by validating the target area of innovation and handsomely rewarding winning innovators. 

S – General

Prizes solve – spurs innovation and an interest multiplier which ensures tons of investment
Lowrey 11 (Annie Lowrey, "Can cash prizes for innovation get the economy rolling again?", Jan 2, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/31/AR2010123104063.html-http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/31/AR2010123104063.html, CMR)

In the flurry of activity at the end of the 111th Congress, the reauthorization
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goes to the primary benefit of private corporations. Not so for prizes.)

S – STEM

Counterplan leads to STEM entrepreneurs – philanthropists will fund their start-ups
Kalil 6, Special Assistant to the Chancellor for Science and Technology at UC Berkeley, 2006, (Thomas, "Prizes for Technological Innovation", The Brookings Institution, Pg. 26 CMR) http://www.brookings.edu/~~/media/Files/rc/papers/2006/12healthcare_kalil/200612kalil.pdf 12-23-10 

Under certain circumstances, inducement prizes¶ may act as a useful complement to grants
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of prizes, but the time¶ to start additional experiments is now.

Only universities will engage in basic research. That is key to innovative output
Baumol 4 – Professor of economics @ NYU ~William J. Baumol, EDUCATION FOR INNOVATION: ENTREPRENEURIAL BREAKTHROUGHS VS. CORPORATE INCREMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS, NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Working Paper 10578, June 2004, pg. http://www.biu.ac.il/soc/ec/students/teach/554/data/entrpacadbaumol.pdf-http://www.biu.ac.il/soc/ec/students/teach/554/data/entrpacadbaumol.pdf~~ cmr

The reasons for this division of labor with private industry are well understood, so
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of¶ any magnitude was to be carried out in the market economies.

S – Fusion

Private interest, activity, and success in fusion is increasing – provides cheap alternative to government bureaucracy and failure
Harris 11 (Richard, ’Power For The Planet’: Company Bets Big On Fusion, 11-9, http://www.npr.org/2011/11/09/141931203/-power-for-the-planet-company-bets-big-on-fusion-http://www.npr.org/2011/11/09/141931203/-power-for-the-planet-company-bets-big-on-fusion, CMR)

The world would be a very different place if we could bottle up a bit
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competition. Laberge, of course, is betting he will emerge victorious.

2nc*

Government-led energy r%26d inevitably fails – leads to slow, inconsistent solutions that turns the case – star this card
Sovacool 8 (Benjamin K. Sovacool, Energy Governance Program, Centre on Asia and Globalisation, National University of Singapore, "Replacing tedium with transformation: Why the US Department of Energy needs to change the way it conducts long-term R%26D", Science Direct, March, CMR)

While transformational R%26D does occasionally occur within the present DOE research system,
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rather than expending considerable time and energy challenging existing paradigms and process structures.

1nc – fusions turns

Federal support for fusion is a dead-end – even with full funding, previous failures prove it’s at least 60 years away  
Grossman 9 – Clarence Efroymson Professor of Economics at Butler University, "U.S. Energy Policy and the Presumption of Market Failure", Spring/Summer, http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj29n2/cj29n2-5.pdf-http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj29n2/cj29n2-5.pdf, CMR)

Of course this analogy demonstrated only that Congress did not¶ understand the great differences
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to get us there according to any timetable than it did in 1980.

Politics

No initial spending – prize is conditioned on success
Adler 11 (Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, "EYES ON A CLIMATE PRIZE: REWARDING ENERGY INNOVATION TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE STABILIZATION", 35 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1, lexis, CMR)

Prizes, like patents, impose the relevant R%26D costs of the invention
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a would-be innovator succeeds — the funder gets its money’s worth.
"Economic efficiency" means prizes avoid backlash
McKinsey %26 Company 9 – Global management consulting firm ~The Social Sector Office, And the Winner is ... Capturing the Promise of Philanthropic Prizes, The report is based on interviews with analysts and practitioners, surveys of prize sponsors and competitors, databases of small and large awards, and case studies of 12 effective prizes, March 2009, pg. http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/socialsector/And_the_winner_is.pdf-http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/socialsector/And_the_winner_is.pdf CMR

Success-contingent rewards: Prizes shift risk from prize sponsors to competitors (or
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change is perhaps the fundamental reason for the prize renaissance of recent years.
Prizes avoid political fire
Adler 11 (Jonathan H. Adler, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, "EYES ON A CLIMATE PRIZE: REWARDING ENERGY INNOVATION TO ACHIEVE CLIMATE STABILIZATION", 35 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 1, lexis, CMR)

The federal government has also shown a renewed interest in prizes, beginning with a
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Act to authorize %24 70 million in prizes for advancements in hydrogen energy.

Renewables

2nc Trade-off
Government incentives for nuclear power trade off with renewable investment
Jack Spencer (Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy) and Nicolas Loris (Research Assistant in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation) June 19 2008 "Critics of Nuclear Power’s Costs Miss the Point", WebMemo ~%231961)
Government has no business making any decisions about nuclear power based on costs. Its
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peoples’ needs, wind and solar many never get the opportunity to succeed.  

2NC UQ

Clean tech leadership is high now—the industry is increasing now and the US is the leader in global investment—that’s Mitchell
Yes competitive – capacity growing in wind and solar – capital costs declining – fluctuating fuel costs close the gap with conventional tech.
Palaia 3-28 
(Jeremy, Global Information Inc., PR Newswire, "Cost of Renewable Power Generation Increasing Competitive, Market Research Perspectives and Recommended Conferences", DZ)
FARMINGTON, Conn., March 28, 2013 /PRNewswire-iReach/ — Renewable power generation is one the most crucial ways of achieving the goal of sustainable development for all countries. Significant capacity additions are being witnessed annually. In 2012, 772.3 Gigawatts (GW) of renewable capacity was installed in 2011 across the world. Of this capacity, wind and solar PV (Photovoltaic) are the major renewable sources of energy and account for 49.3% of the cumulative renewable power installation in the world. According to an upcoming report, "Cost of Power Generation", wind is the largest renewable source and accounts for 36.8% of global renewable capacity. Between 2005 and 2012, cumulative installed capacity of wind power rose from 59.8 GW to 283.9 GW. The future prospects for the wind energy industry appear to be good, largely due to strong government support. By 2020, the wind power cumulative installed capacity is expected to reach 455.8 GW. Meanwhile, global solar PV installed capacity will continue to grow at a CAGR of 15% during the 2013–2020 forecast period to reach 331.2 GW by 2020.¶ (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130328/CG85261)¶ The capital costs of renewable energy generation technologies such as solar PV and solar thermal are currently higher than those of conventional energy generation technologies. However, the capital costs of these renewable energy technologies have been declining over the last four to five years. The major drivers driving down the cost of these technologies are their technological improvements and mass deployments. Additionally, increasing costs during long-term construction and fluctuating fuel costs for conventional power generation are reducing the gap between the electricity costs of these two technologies. These patterns indicate that the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of renewable energy technologies is becoming competitive with the LCOE of conventional technologies. 

Spin-Offs

No Solve

Your predictions are bad – other areas disprove
HGFRC, ’1 (Institutes of the HGF Research Collaboration on Nuclear Fusion, Hearing on Nuclear Fusion before the Bundestag Committee for Education, Research, and Technology Assessment, 28 March 2001, http://fire.pppl.gov/eu_bundestag_english.pdf)//CC
Moreover, it is to be doubted that the presentation of long spin-off
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it so to speak destined for the generation of spin-off products.

Squo Solves

the military has already accrued the R%26D benefits they isolate from ITER
Gsponer Their Evidence 8 (Dr. Andre, Director and Senior Researcher – Independent Scientific Research Institute, "ITER: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and the NuclearWeapons Proliferation Implications of ThermonuclearFusion Energy Systems", 2-2, http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0401110v3.pdf-http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0401110v3.pdf)
3 Examples of spinoff¶ technologies expected from ITER¶ To conclude this section,
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being carried out and seems promising" ~6,¶ p.274275~.

1NR

States

EU

Plan trades off with workers and funding for ITER – kills fusion advances, turning case
Cho ’12 (Adrian Cho, "Bigger Contribution to ITER Erodes Domestic Fusion Program", Science, Feb 24, 2k12, online, CMR)

¶ The U.S. fusion program is in a bind. To remain
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, you’re just building a piece of equipment for other people to use."
US financial commitment to ITER key to international science cooperation
Chu ’12 (Energy Secretary Steven Chu, quoted by Richard M Jones in "FYI: The AIP Bulletin of Science Policy News", March 26, http://www.aip.org/fyi/2012/045.html-http://www.aip.org/fyi/2012/045.html, CMR)

Secretary Chu replied: "Senator, you’re asking a very important question that we
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commitment. But it’s — in these tight budget times, it’s tough."
EU disintegration inevitable
Stephen Walt 9/18 The coming erosion of the European Union, walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/08/18/the_coming_erosion_of_the_european_union
I gave a talk in Washington the other day about the future of the EU
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Hence my belief that the heyday of European political integration is behind us. 

CIR

O/V

Disad outweighs –
Failure to reform immigration ensures collapse of US biotech innovation necessary to dissuade and contain a bioterror attack
Risk of attack is high – only counter-measures solve
Glassman ’12 (James, "Expert: U.S. unprepared for bioterrorism attack", April 5, http://www.bioprepwatch.com/us_bioterror_policy/expert-u-s-unprepared-for-bioterrorism-attack/323620/-http://www.bioprepwatch.com/us_bioterror_policy/expert-u-s-unprepared-for-bioterrorism-attack/323620/, CMR)

A recent essay published in Forbes magazine supports the contention that the United States remains
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develop countermeasures, but small firms have filled the gap with mixed success.
Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction
Seitz 11, Harvard University Center for International Affairs visiting scholar, (Russell, "Nuclear winter was and is debatable," Nature, 7-7-11, Vol 475, pg37, accessed 9-27-11, CMR)

Alan Robock’s contention that there has been no real scientific debate about the ’nuclear winter’ concept is itself debatable (Nature 473, 275–276; 2011). This potential climate disaster, popularized in Science in 1983, rested on the output of a one-dimensional model that was later shown to overestimate the smoke a nuclear holocaust might engender. More refined estimates, combined with advanced three-dimensional models (see http://go.nature.com.libproxy.utdallas.edu/kss8te), have dramatically reduced the extent and severity of the projected cooling. Despite this, Carl Sagan, who co-authored the 1983 Science paper, went so far as to posit "the extinction of Homo sapiens" (C. Sagan Foreign Affairs 63, 75–77; 1984). Some regarded this apocalyptic prediction as an exercise in mythology. George Rathjens of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology protested: "Nuclear winter is the worst example of the misrepresentation of science to the public in my memory," (see http://go.nature.com.libproxy.utdallas.edu/yujz84) and climatologist Kerry Emanuel observed that the subject had "become notorious for its lack of scientific integrity" (Nature 319, 259; 1986). Robock’s single-digit fall in temperature is at odds with the subzero (about −25 °C) continental cooling originally projected for a wide spectrum of nuclear wars. Whereas Sagan predicted darkness at noon from a US–Soviet nuclear conflict, Robock projects global sunlight that is several orders of magnitude brighter for a Pakistan–India conflict — literally the difference between night and day. Since 1983, the projected worst-case cooling has fallen from a Siberian deep freeze spanning 11,000 degree-days Celsius (a measure of the severity of winters) to numbers so unseasonably small as to call the very term ’nuclear winter’ into question.
Counterforce targeting checks
Mueller, ’9 – Professor Political Science Ohio State U¶ (John, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies and Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University. "Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda" p. 8)

To begin to approach a condition that can credibly justify applying such extreme characterizations as
AND
wind, weather, and sheltering, would perish during the first month.

UQ

Immigration will pass now—Obama is "using the bully pulpit" to build support for a bipartisan deal –FRAMING ISSUE – PC is the only relevant question because he can "chip away" at the remaining obstacles their evidence cites – that’s Dann and  Nakamura
Obama’s push secures passage in both houses – top priority
Fabian 3/27 (Jordan, "President Obama Expects Immigration Bill In April", http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/immigration-reform-obama-expects-bill-april/story?id=18825428%26singlePage=true~~%23.UVO8Dhw4vzw-http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/immigration-reform-obama-expects-bill-april/story?id=18825428%26singlePage=true, CMR) 

President Obama expects an immigration bill to come before the Senate next month and voiced
AND
voters, who have largely abandoned the party during the past eight years.
Momentum ensures bipartisan deal – overcomes border security and labor disputes
Sink 3/27 (Justin, "Obama ’confident’ immigration reform will get done this summer", http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290685-obama-confident-immigration-reform-will-get-done-http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290685-obama-confident-immigration-reform-will-get-done, CMR)
   
President Obama expressed confidence Wednesday that lawmakers will strike a bipartisan immigration deal by the
AND
. But I don’t think that’s going to be necessary," Obama said.
Passes the House – momentum and spirit of compromise overcomes remaining issues
Foley 3/27 (Flise, "John Yarmuth: Immigration Group In House ’Very Close’ To Deal", http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/27/john-yarmuth-immigration_n_2963491.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/27/john-yarmuth-immigration_n_2963491.html, CMR) 

Rep. John Yarmuth (D-Ky.), one of the House members working
AND
. I wish we could do this in every area of our business."
Obama’s push and prioritization makes passage likely —- remaining details will be resolved
Strauss 3/27 (Daniel, "Schumer: Senate group ’90 percent’ finished on immigration reform bill", http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290653-schumer-says-immigration-group-is-90-percent-there-http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290653-schumer-says-immigration-group-is-90-percent-there, CMR)
   
Senators working on drafting an immigration reform bill are "90 percent" finished,
AND
, their efforts have received the general backing of leaders from both parties. 

Hirsh

The plan isn’t a win, it’s an ambush—-Obama hasn’t been pushing it for a long time and our link proves it has no supporters
Our 1NC Nakamura evidence says Obama has a "severely limited timeframe" to "strike deals" on immigration – PC faces "rapidly diminishing returns" which means he has to focus capital in the short-term  
Issue selection is key —- he can only get momentum if he starts with an issue like immigration where the public mood is changing.  Overreaching with an unpopular issue empirically triggers backlash.
Hirsh, 2/7 —- Chief correspondent (2/7/2013, Michael, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital; The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong," http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)-http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207))

Consider, as another example, the storied political career of President Franklin Roosevelt.
AND
, and one win may well lead to others. "Winning wins."
AND, Sequencing – unpopular policies ruin the agenda– Obama’s entire first term proves
Hirsh, 2/7 —- Chief correspondent (2/7/2013, Michael, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital; The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong," http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)-http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207))

.¶ THE REAL LIMITS ON POWER¶ Presidents are limited in what they can do
AND
was sucking all the oxygen out of the room, the aides said.
Hirsch concedes PC matters
Hirsh, 2/7 —- Chief correspondent (2/7/2013, Michael, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital; The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong," http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207)-http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207))

The point is not that "political capital" is a meaningless term. Often
AND
that matters, if you have popularity and some momentum on your side." 

Obama can’t win on energy policy
Eisler 12 (Matthew N. Eisler, Research Fellow at the Center for Contemporary History and Policy at the Chemical Heritage Foundation, "Science, Silver Buckshot, and ’All of The Above’" Science Progress, April 2, http://scienceprogress.org/2012/04/science-silver-buckshot-and-%E2%80%9Call-of-the-above%E2%80%9D/-http://scienceprogress.org/2012/04/science-silver-buckshot-and-%E2%80%9Call-of-the-above%E2%80%9D/, CR)

Conservatives take President Obama’s rhetoric at face value. Progressives see the president as disingenuous
AND
will probably mean four more years of inaction and increased resort to cant.

Inev

Skilled workers tied to comprehensive reform, won’t be addressed separately
Higgins 2/6 (John K. Higgins is a career business writer, with broad experience for a major publisher in a wide range of topics including energy, finance, environment and government policy, "Immigration Reform Could Open the Door for IT Talent", http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/77241.html-http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/77241.html, CR)

Congressional Hurdles and Outlook¶ How the bill fares in Congress may depend on how
AND
"We’re hoping that they succeed, and that’s where our focus is."
Nope – Democrats won’t sign-off on piecemeal reform
Song 2/5 (Kyung, "Immigration committee examines skilled versus unskilled workers", http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2020294802_immigrationhearingxml.html-http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2020294802_immigrationhearingxml.html, CR)

WASHINGTON — Members of the House Judiciary Committee showed a sharp partisan divide during a
AND
immigrants and other thornier aspects of comprehensive immigration reform being debated in Congress.

Plasma Physics Solve

The outbreak won’t be detected fast enough
Cheryl Loeb, (Research Associate, National Defense U.), JIHADISTS AND WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, 2009, 154.
The difficulty in detecting biological terrorist attacks is that symptoms of illness do not appear
AND
Until large numbers of individuals report illness, the attack could go undetected.

PC Key

Political capital is finite and drives decisionmaking
Schier 9, Professor of Poliitcal Science at Carleton, (Steven, "Understanding the Obama Presidency," The Forum: Vol. 7: Iss. 1, Berkely Electronic Press, http://www.bepress.com/forum/vol7/iss1/art10-http://www.bepress.com/forum/vol7/iss1/art10)
In additional to formal powers, a president’s informal power is situationally derived and highly
AND
Barack Obama – to engage in major ongoing battles to impose his preferences.
Presidents perceive their capital as finite – our theory is true in practice
Marshall and Prins 11,  BRYAN W. MARSHALL Miami University BRANDON C. PRINS University of Tennessee %26 Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy  Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force  Presidential Studies Quarterly 41, no. 3 (September) 2011
We argue that the more important effect of Congress occurs because presidents anticipate how the
AND
intimately tied to Congress. Presidents place a premium on passing legislative initiatives.

 The passage of policy is integral to their goals of reelection and enhancing their place in history (Canes-Wrone 2001; Moe 1985). Therefore, presidents seek to build and protect their relationship with Congress.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge: Kuenzel, Duffy, Wunderlich
Off
A. Interp – increase is a net increase
in•crease v. in-krees; n. in-krees Show IPA verb, in•creased, in•creas•ing, noun verb (used with object) 1. to make greater, as in number, size, strength, or quality; augment; add to: to increase taxes.
Plan only makes wind available for more incentives
Limits – there are thousands of barriers to incentives – the aff explodes the topic
Ground – core neg 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge: Kuenzel, Duffy, Wunderlich
Off
Venture capital in biotech strong, but vulnerable
John Carroll 1/18/13 “VC ends '12 on a high note, outlook ranges from tough to terrific  January 18, 2013 | http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/vc-ends-12-high-note-outlook-ranges-tough-terrific/2013-01-18
Last year ended on a high note in the venture capital arena, with $
AND
outline, but the picture he paints is a long way from grim.
Plan trades off – competition for Venture Capital with green tech is zero-sum
Dellenbach ‘8 (Robert, “VC Funding for Biotech Companies Withering”, Sep 1, 2008 (Vol. 28, No. 15), http://www.genengnews.com/gen-articles/vc-funding-for-biotech-companies-withering/2578/, )
Significant changes occurring in the global economy, in general, and venture investing,
AND
well as new competition from biofuels and alternative energy companies for investment dollars.
Venture Capital key to biotech
Warf ‘6 – Department of Geography Florida State University (Barney, “Political Economy of the Palm Beach County Biotechnology Research Park”, http://www.geosciences.fau.edu/fsg/fl_geog/FG%20Journal%202006.pdf, )
Venture capital is critical to making basic research in biotechnology¶ commercially viable. Most
AND
investors¶ sell their stocks when the firm offers its Initial Public Offering.
Breakdown ensures escalating food crisis – maintaining innovation is key
Gewin ‘10 (Virginia, “Cultivating new talent” Nature: no. 464, 3-3-2010, http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2010/100304/full/nj7285-128a.html, )
Hickman is part of a growing trend. Historically, agricultural research has not been
AND
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), based in Washington DC.
Food insecurity causes nuke war—more probable than great power conflict
Future Directions International ’12 (“International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points Resulting from Food and Water Insecurity Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme”, May 25, http://www.futuredirections.org.au/files/Workshop_Report_-_Intl_Conflict_Triggers_-_May_25.pdf, )
There is a growing appreciation that the conflicts in the next century will most likely
AND
identify famine as a potential trigger for conflicts and possibly even nuclear war.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge:
Off

It’ll pass but PC is key
Dann 3/27 (Carrie, Political Reporter, NBC News, “Obama optimistic on immigration legislation”, http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite, CMR) 

As a bipartisan group of senators chips away at the remaining obstacles to an immigration
AND
hope that we will make that progress, along with many other goals.”

Plan unpopular--seen as a handout
Felix Mormann and Dan Reicher, "How to Make Renewable Energy Competitive," NEW YORK TIMES, 7--1--12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/02/opinion/how-to-make-renewable-energy-competitive.html

These approaches could help renewable energy projects reduce their financing costs up to fivefold.
AND
their tax bill on other income than whether the machines actually produced electricity.
PC is key and finite
Nakamura 2/20 (David, “In interview, Obama says he has a year to get stuff done”, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/02/20/in-interview-obama-says-he-has-a-year-to-get-stuff-done/, CMR)

President Obama said Wednesday he’s eager to move quickly to enact his second-term
AND
issues from tax reform, budget cuts, immigration reform and gun control.
Key to the economy, competitiveness, and hegemony
Shapiro 3/27 --- president and CEO of the Consumer Electronics Association, the U.S. trade association representing more than 2,000 consumer electronics companies (Gary, “Tech Executives: Immigration Reform a Top Priority”, http://www.forbes.com/sites/garyshapiro/2013/03/27/tech-executives-immigration-reform-a-top-priority/, CMR) 

Today I join hundreds of leaders in business, finance, technology and policymaking in
AND
global leadership, and reforming our country’s immigration law is the first step.

Extinction
Barnett 11 (Thomas P.M., Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7, CMR)

Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads
AND
the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge:
Off
The United States federal government should limit the review of foreign investment in wind power by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.
Only the counterplan solves relations
Edward Alden 10/2/12 Council on Foreign Relations The Changing Politics of Chinese Trade and Investment http://blogs.cfr.org/renewing-america/2012/10/02/the-changing-politics-of-chinese-trade-and-investment/
On the same day last week that President Obama was issuing an order blocking a
AND
getting harder – is to figure out whether both can be done simultaneously.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge:
Off
Counterplan Text: The United States federal government should establish the Clean Energy Deployment Administration exempted from FCRA regulation for non-scaled clean energy technologies.
The counterplan solves – Establishing CEDA allows for a market based approach to distributing incentives that is the only way to solve commercialization and spillover
Jesse Jenkins (graduate student and researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Sara Mansur 11 (BA in Int Relations from Brown, former member of the City Hall Fellows, staff at the Office of Sustainable Growth in Houston and researcher in local renewable programs) “A CLEAN ENERGY DEPLOYMENT ADMINISTRATION UNLOCKING ADVANCED ENERGY INNOVATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION” November, http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/CEDA.pdf
For economic, security, and environmental reasons, the global energy system is modernizing
AND
technology ventures and unlocking advanced energy innovation and commercialization throughout¶ the nation.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge:
Warming
1.) No anthropogenic warming
– cloud feedbacks AND PDO proves*
Spencer ‘10 – climatologist and a Principal Research Scientist for U. of Alabama Roy W, Ph.D. in meteorology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1981, former Senior Scientist for Climate Studies at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, where he and Dr. John Christy received NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for their global temperature monitoring work with satellites, “The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists”, pg # below, CMR

IN SCIENCE it only takes only one finding to overturn decades of mainstream belief.
AND
calculated theoretically before being input into climate models. 153-156

Reader note – PDO = Pacific Decadal Oscillation
2.) No runaway warming
- even high co2 levels not catastrophic
- plant growth checks
- water vapor checks
- negative feedbacks = one degree warming
- their authors exaggerate
Meyer 12 (Warren, “Understanding the Global Warming Debate,” Forbes, 2/9/12, http://www.forbes.com/sites/warrenmeyer/2012/02/09/understanding-the-global-warming-debate/4/, CMR)

So what’s the problem?  Why the debate?  Isn’t this admission a “game
AND
warming is hardly catastrophic.   The catastrophe comes from the second chained theory.
The Positive Climate Feedback Theory
As the Earth warms, we expect there to be changes that may further accelerate
AND
and such growth could in turn reduce atmospheric carbon and slow expected warming.
It turns out the critical feedback involves water vapor.  While CO2 is indeed a
AND
global warming is catastrophic depends a lot on the balance of these effects.
The IPCC assumed that strong positive feedbacks dominated, and thus arrived at numbers that
AND
(a phenomenon we can hear with loud feedback screeches from a microphone).
But the science of this positive climate feedback theory is far from settled.  Just
AND
would certainly describe climate) are dominated by negative rather than positive feedbacks.
Nice Theory, But What Do We Actually See Happening?
At some point, theorizing becomes stale unless the theories are supported by observations.  And the most important single observation relative to catastrophic man-made global warming theory is that the world has indeed warmed over the last century, by perhaps 0.7C, coincident with the period mankind has burned a lot of fossil fuels.
Some skeptics have tried, relatively futilely I think, to deny that the world
AND
have still measured an upward drift in temperatures over the last 30 years.
3.) No extinction
- their impacts are alarmism, not supported by science
Mauldin 6/4/12 – B.S. and M.S. in electrical engineering from Cal-Berkeley, registered professional engineer (Paul, “Global Warming Alarmism: At the Tipping Point of Credibility?”, http://smartenergyportal.net/article/global-warming-alarmism-tipping-point-credibility, CMR)

If we believe all we're told then there is no hope. Why change anything
AND
We might even see a 'brown' rebound, and that would be tragic.
4). Adaptation solves
Goklany ‘11 (Dr. Indur, independent scholar who has worked with federal and state governments, think tanks, and the private sector over 35 years, former representative to the IPCC, former Julian Simon Fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center, a visiting fellow the American Enterprise Institute, part of a chapter from “Climate Coup: Global Warmings Invasion of Our Government and Our Lives”, page # below, CMR)

It is often argued that unless greenhouse gases are reduced forth with, the resulting
AND
would at most deal with only 13 percent. 182-184

5). Ocean acidification thesis wrong – won’t cause extinction, C02 actually helps, and alt causes outweigh
Ridley ’12 – BA and PhD from Oxford (worked for the Economist for nine years as science editor, Washington correspondent and American editor, before becoming a self-employed writer and businessman, “Taking Fears of Acid Oceans With a Grain of Salt”, Jan 7, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203550304577138561444464028.html, CMR)

Coral reefs around the world are suffering badly from overfishing and various forms of pollution
AND
is a modest threat, and it certainly does not merit apocalyptic headlines. 

6.) Rising CO2 spurs plant growth ---- prevents famine ensuring global peace
Idsos ‘99 (Dr. Sherwood, President, former Research Physicist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service at the U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix, Arizona and Dr. Keith,  Ph.D. in Botany at Arizona State University, President and Vice President of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, CO2 Science, “Give Peace a Chance by Giving Plants a Chance”, Vol. 2, No. 19, 10-1, http://www.co2science.org/scripts/CO2ScienceB2C/articles/V2/N19/EDIT.jsp, CMR)

President Carter begins by stating that "when the Cold War ended 10 years ago
AND
peace via the planet-wide prosperity that comes from enhanced agricultural productivity.
b. Extinction – outweighs warming
Cribb ’10 (Julian Cribb, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, 2010, The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It, http://books.google.com/books?id=Tv0zXxbQ7toCandprintsec=frontcoveranddq=the+coming+famineandhl=enandsa=Xandei=RR_mT7OYFKeq2gXP5tHZCQandved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepageandq=the%20coming%20famineandf=false, CMR)

The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990S, more
AND
changes, because of the synergetic character of the things that power it.
7. Earth is cooling, not warming – prefer science over alarmism
Ferrara ’12 – Senior Fellow @ Heartland Institute, Harvard Graduate (Peter, Peter Ferrara is a Heartland senior fellow for entitlement and budget policy, a senior fellow at the Social Security Institute, and the general counsel of the American Civil Rights Union. He served in the White House Office of Policy Development under President Reagan, and as Associate Deputy Attorney General of the United States under the first President Bush. He is a graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School. He is author of The Obamacare Disaster, from the Heartland Institute, and President Obama's Tax Piracy, “ Sorry Global Warming Alarmists, The Earth Is Cooling”, JUNE 1, 2012, http://blog.heartland.org/2012/06/sorry-global-warming-alarmists-the-earth-is-cooling/, CMR)

Climate change itself is already in the process of definitively rebutting climate alarmists who think
AND
Summer in 1816 (which may have had other contributing short term causes).
b. But they cause faster warming – because large emission reductions remove sulfate aerosols which cool the Earth
Lovelock ‘9, Consultant of NASA, former president of the Marine Biological Association, and Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (James, The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy it While You Can, 55-56

In 2004, two IPCC contributors, Peter Cox and Meinrat Andreae, raised the
AND
"We live in a fool's climate and are damned whatever we do."
c. Sulfur offsets carbon dioxide solves warming
Walsh ’11 (Bryan, Has “China Sky” Helped Slow Global Warming?, July 5, http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2011/07/05/has-china-sky-helped-slow-global-warming/, CMR)

As it turns out, however, China sky may actually have another, surprising
AND
that should otherwise have been caused by increasing carbon concentrations in the atmosphere.
According to a study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of
AND
—, leading to an increase in sulfur emissions and that white China sky.
Sulfate particles can have a cooling effect on global temperatures because they can reflect sunlight
AND
controls kicked in and companies installed scrubbers in coal-fired power plants.
Warming won’t cause resource wars or extinction – pessimists have empirically been wrong
Fettweis ’10 – professor of security studies at the Naval War College
Christopher J, “Dangerous Times: The International Politics of Great Power Peace”, page number below, CMR

 The most charitable thing that can be said about the ecopessimist vision of the
AND
Population biology has not proven to have much predictive power for human beings.
The failure of hard sciences to provide insight into international politics ought to give a
AND
Very worried in fact, according to a Time magazine cover story.78
It should go without saying that the planet's existence is not "in peril."
AND
, now may not be the time to begin buying property in Antarctica.
The ecopessimist research program will charge ahead throughout the new century, no doubt.
AND
other forms, be all but obsolete. page 126-128
Coral reefs adapt to climate change
Baker ’04 Andrew, PhD/Scientist from University of Miami, Aug 11, “Coral reefs:  Corals' adaptive response to climate change,” http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v430/n7001/full/430741a.html

The long-term response of coral reefs to climate change depends on the ability
AND
on these reefs more closely resemble those found in high-temperature environments.

There’s no statistical precedent for water wars and adaptation and cooperation solve – star this card
Katz, 11 David, faculty member at the University of Haifa's Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, where he teaches courses in environmental and resource economics, water management, and economic and political geography.  He also serves as an adjunct lecturer at Tel Aviv University's Recanati School of Management and Porter School for Environmental Studies, where he teaches courses on economics of the environment and natural resources and on corporate environmental strategy. “ Hydro-Political Hyperbole: Examining Incentives for Overemphasizing the Risks of Water Wars,” written in Global Environmental Politics, February 2011 http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.726.pdf, CMR

Critiques of the Water War Hypothesis A number critiques have been leveled against both the
AND
“support for a scarcity theory of water conflict is somewhat ambiguous.” 42 

Relations
China’s leading clean tech development now---it’s zero-sum---key to Chinese growth, CCP stability, soft power, and warming
McMahon 13 Tamsin is a reporter for the National Post. “How China is going to save the world,” 1/27, http://www2.macleans.ca/2013/01/27/business/, CMR 

China’s ongoing struggles with pollution have been a blight on the country’s international reputation.
AND
of them related in some way to environmental protection and renewable energy technology.
China’s economic rise prevents CCP instability and lashout --- decline tubes the global economy, US primacy, and Sino relations
Mead 9 Walter Russell Mead, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Only Makes You Stronger,” The New Republic, 2/4/9, http://www.tnr.com/story_print.html?id=571cbbb9-2887-4d81-8542-92e83915f5f8, CMR 

The greatest danger both to U.S.-China relations and to American power
AND
modernization and change; nobody knows what will happen if the growth stops.
CCP instability causes extinction
Yee and Storey 2 Herbert is a Professor of Politics and IR @ Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian is a Lecturer in Defence Studies @ Deakin University. “The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality,” p. 5, CMR 

The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of
AND
disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.
Multiple alt causes to relations but they’re resilient
AP ’10 “Analysis: US-China ties strained by dissident”, 10-9, http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hZ7OOdEdO54EhrVGrRd6z5fwWNVQD9IOAJ300?docId=D9IOAJ300

WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama's push for China to release an imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize
AND
of Chinese President Hu Jintao's planned trip to the United States next year.
No global economic collapse and it wouldn’t cause conflict
Drezner 2011
(Daniel Drezner, professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, 8-12-2011, “Please come down off the ledge, dear readers,” Foreign polivy, http://drezner.foreignpolicy.com/, CMR)
So, when we last left off this debate, things were looking grim.
AND
, based on the data we've got, that's not going to happen. 

South China Seas are stable – China lacks capability and interdependence checks
Rosenberg 9 (David, Professor of Political Science – Middlebury College and Research Fellow at the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies – Australian National University, “Dire Straits: Competing Security Priorities in the South China Sea”, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 3-20, http://japanfocus.org/-David-Rosenberg/1773)
From the Taiwan Strait to the Strait of Malacca, security concerns are growing around
AND
a Chinese meltdown, as many regional monetary authorities are quick to note.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge:
CFIUS
PDB
CP no link politics
Fagan, Partner and Foreign Investment Expert at Covington and Burling LLP, ‘12 (David, “Hearing on “The Evolving U.S.-China Trade and Investment Relationship” Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,” 6-14-12, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2012hearings/written_testimonies/12_6_14/Fagan.pdf,
I. The Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States and the Role and Status of Chinese Investment FDI has received long-standing, bi-partisan policy backing: every Administration since that of President Carter has issued formal policy statements or speeches expressing strong support for FDI. The most recent of these was President Obama’s statement last June on the U.S. commitment to an open investment policy.
 The reasons for this bi-partisan support are clear: there is an
AND
14 percent of total U.S. private RandD investment.
2

Solvency
CP solves
Carroll-Emory International Law Review-09 (Jamie FF, COMMENT: BACK TO THE FUTURE: REDEFINING THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT'S CONCEPTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY, 23 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 167)

Sovereign wealth funds pose another challenge to the new FINSA regulations. Governments have long
AND
necessity.221 National security must be clearly defined to encourage foreign direct investment
Conflicts over the US foreign investment process risk shattering the relationship.  The counterplan sends a strong signal of cooperation towards China.
Xu 11 (Ting, senior project manager-Bertelsmann Foundation, The Next Big Threat to US-China Ties, July 13, http://thediplomat.com/2011/07/13/the-next-big-threat-to-us-china-ties/)
 The United States and China have long lobbed verbal grenades across the Pacific,
AND
a win-win situation that would also boost Sino-American collaboration.
Restricting energy development on the basis that foreign investment is a threat to national security sends the signal that the US energy market is off limit and stifles US-China energy cooperation
Claudia Mahn 10/1/12 Global Insight October 1, 2012 President Obama blocks Chinese wind farm ambitions Lexis
However, in a statement on Friday, the Department of Treasury said the president's
AND
terminals currently under regulatory review (seeUnited States: 22 August 2012 .
Cooperative Clean-energy investment is critical to green-tech diffusion and solving climate change.
Lin 11 Justin Yifu Lin, Former World Bank Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, "China, the US and clean energy cooperation," Jan 21 2011, http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/china-the-us-and-clean-energy-cooperation~~
Second, there are also major long-term global benefits from clean energy cooperation
AND
planet’s resources and safeguard future generations from the damaging effects of climate change.
Only US-China cooperation and investment solves.
Woetzel 9 Dr. Jonathan Woetzel, Ph.D. in political science from USC, Director in McKinsey %26 Company’s Greater China Office, August 2009, "China and the US: The potential of a clean-tech partnership,"  http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/China_and_the_US_The_potential_of_a_clean-tech_partnership_2419~~
China and the United States, the world’s dominant producers of carbon emissions, have
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all of these technologies, they cannot achieve separately what they could jointly.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 4 | Opponent: UMW LP | Judge:
Warming
EXTN – No Impact
Extend our Mauldin evidence – no impact to warming
a) Empirics – We’ve survived multiple dramatic temperature changes in the past
b) C02 doesn’t cause warming – previous pairing-cycles prove there’s no correlation
c) Best experts agree – a recent study showed that the most qualified scientists dismiss worst-case scenarios as alarmism
No warming, no extinction
Michaels ’13 – Director of the Center for the Study of Science @ Cato (Patrick J, “Global Warming Apocalypse Canceled”, 1/17, http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/global-warming-apocalypse-canceled, CMR)

My greener friends are increasingly troubled by the lack of a rise in recent global
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I predict will be called “acid oceans,” or something like that.
No impact to warming – top experts agree
- no warming for the past 10 years
- models don’t assume negative feedback and exaggerate C02
- their impact = bias alarmism
- no negative effects for 50 years
Allegre et al. ’12 – former director of the Institute for the Study of the Earth, University of Paris (Claude Allegre; J. Scott Armstrong, cofounder of the Journal of Forecasting and the International Journal of Forecasting; Jan Breslow, head of the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University; Roger Cohen, fellow, American Physical Society; Edward David, member, National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Sciences; William Happer, professor of physics, Princeton; Michael Kelly, professor of technology, University of Cambridge, U.K.; William Kininmonth, former head of climate research at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology; Richard Lindzen, professor of atmospheric sciences, MIT; James McGrath, professor of chemistry, Virginia Technical University; Rodney Nichols, former president and CEO of the New York Academy of Sciences; Burt Rutan, aerospace engineer, designer of Voyager and SpaceShipOne; Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 astronaut and former U.S. senator; Nir Shaviv, professor of astrophysics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; Henk Tennekes, former director, Royal Dutch Meteorological Service; Antonio Zichichi, president of the World Federation of Scientists, Geneva, “ No Need to Panic About Global Warming”, 1/17, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204301404577171531838421366.html, CMR)
the following has been signed by the 16 scientists above 

A candidate for public office in any contemporary democracy may have to consider what,
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and are based on alarming but untenable claims of "incontrovertible" evidence.
Prefer our ev
Stossel 7 (John Stossel, Award-winning ABC News correspondent, 2007 The Global Warming Myth?, http://abcnews.go.com/2020/Story?id=3061015andpage=1, CMR)

Dr. John Christy, professor of Atmospheric Science at the University of Alabama at
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too exaggerated to me as someone who actually produces and analyzes climate information."
The media, of course, like the exaggerated claims. Most are based on computer models that purport to predict future climates. But computer models are lousy at predicting climate because water vapor and cloud effects cause changes that computers fail to predict. In the mid-1970s, computer models told us we should prepare for global cooling.
Scientists tell reporters that computer models should "be viewed with great skepticism." Well, why aren't they?
The fundamentalist doom mongers also ignore scientists who say the effects of global warming may be benign. Harvard astrophysicist Sallie Baliunas said added CO2 in the atmosphere may actually benefit the world because more CO2 helps plants grow. Warmer winters would give farmers a longer harvest season, and might end the droughts in the Sahara Desert.
Why don't we hear about this part of the global warming argument? "It's the money!" said Dr. Baliunas. "Twenty-five billion dollars in government funding has been spent since 1990 to research global warming. If scientists and researchers were coming out releasing reports that global warming has little to do with man, and most to do with just how the planet works, there wouldn't be as much money to study it."
No Resource Wars
--Warming won’t cause resource wars or extinction – pessimists have empirically been wrong
Fettweis ’10 – professor of security studies at the Naval War College
Christopher J, “Dangerous Times: The International Politics of Great Power Peace”, page number below, CMR

 The most charitable thing that can be said about the ecopessimist vision of the
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Population biology has not proven to have much predictive power for human beings.
The failure of hard sciences to provide insight into international politics ought to give a
AND
Very worried in fact, according to a Time magazine cover story.78
It should go without saying that the planet's existence is not "in peril."
AND
, now may not be the time to begin buying property in Antarctica.
The ecopessimist research program will charge ahead throughout the new century, no doubt.
AND
other forms, be all but obsolete. page 126-128

--Climate change won’t cause resource wars – water proves
Allouche 11 – fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at Brighton, UK (Jeremy, "The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade" Food Policy, Volume 36, Supplement 1)

The question of resource scarcity has led to many debates on whether scarcity (whether
AND
Barnett and Adger, 2007 and Kevane and Gray, 2008).
AT: Water Wars – 1nc
There’s no statistical precedent for water wars and adaptation and cooperation solve – star this card
Katz, 11 David, faculty member at the University of Haifa's Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, where he teaches courses in environmental and resource economics, water management, and economic and political geography.  He also serves as an adjunct lecturer at Tel Aviv University's Recanati School of Management and Porter School for Environmental Studies, where he teaches courses on economics of the environment and natural resources and on corporate environmental strategy. “ Hydro-Political Hyperbole: Examining Incentives for Overemphasizing the Risks of Water Wars,” written in Global Environmental Politics, February 2011 http://www.bupedu.com/lms/admin/uploded_article/eA.726.pdf, CMR

Critiques of the Water War Hypothesis A number critiques have been leveled against both the
AND
“support for a scarcity theory of water conflict is somewhat ambiguous.” 42 

Relations
2NC Overview – Instability
Be sure to extend warrants from 1NC why it turns: heg, warming, global growth
Failure of US clean tech cedes leadership to China which sustains overall growth and stability – the impact outweighs –
A) ESCALATION – internal collapse escalates to nuclear war that can’t be contained due to radicals and warlords seizing control – that’s Yee and Storey – ends in great power war
Kane 1 Thomas Kane, PhD in Security Studies from the University of Hull and Lawrence Serewicz, Autumn, www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01autumn/Kane.htm
Despite China's problems with its food supply, the Chinese do not appear to be
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, China's government might try to ward off its demise by attacking adjacent countries
CCP is unique – ensures nuclear escalation
Gary Feuerberg ‘5, Epoch Times Washington DC Staff, “Leading Chinese Dissident Warns: China Planning Nuclear War,” The Epoch Times, Sept 11, http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-9-11/32195.html
One of China’s most famous democracy advocates says that America has not paid enough attention
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best response to prevent a coming war is to begin taking it seriously.
B) RISK – Chinese leaders think renewable competitiveness is zero sum – means the link is immediate and turns are irrelevant
Andrew B. Kennedy 10, Lecturer in the Crawford School of Economics and Government at the Australian National University, June 2010, “China’s New Energy-Security Debate,” Survival, Vol. 52, No. 3
China’s booming energy demand has also helped make it the world’s most prolific emitter of
AND
and even revolutionise, its domestic energy system if it is to prosper.
C) IMPACT UNIQUENESS – Chinese growth and integration solves great power wars
Malou Innocent  Malou Innocent is a foreign policy analyst at the Cato Institute. February 26, 2009  This article appeared in the Christian Science Monitor on February 26, 2009  
For more than 30 years, free and open markets have propelled China's labor-
AND
the old saying, so long as goods cross borders, soldiers won't.
D) Turns case – Chinese growth fueled by clean tech is key to global sustainability---solves resource scarcity, trade, and global growth---it solves the aff by diffusing tech globally
Changhua Wu 12, Greater China Director, The Climate Group, July 2012, “CONSENSUS AND COOPERATION FOR A CLEAN REVOLUTION,” http://thecleanrevolution.org/_assets/files/TCG_ChinaCC_web.pdf
This transformation, together with growth of other emerging economies, is reshaping the world
AND
to move away from fixed positions, as well as display greater reciprocity.
UQ – Leadership
Chinese government support ensures clean tech leadership in the SQUO – overcomes issues their evidence cites
Chan 2/26 (Julia, “China comes top on Ernst and Young’s renewable energy index but US takes crown for solar index”, http://www.pv-tech.org/news/china_comes_top_on_ernst_youngs_renewable_energy_index_but_us_takes_crown_f, CMR)

Map highlighting CAI countries and their respective rankings. Image: Ernst and Young.¶
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finance and equipment packages for projects in Latin America, MENA and Australia”.
Best index proves China is #1 in clean energy – wind and solar key  
Marcacci 3/1 (Silvio, “China Atop Renewable Energy Ranks As Shale Gas Changes The Game”, http://cleantechnica.com/2013/03/01/china-atop-ey-renewable-energy-list-as-shale-gas-changes-the-game/, CMR)

China, Germany, America Continue To Lead¶ What hasn’t changed, however,
AND
America’s clean energy industry, namely regulatory uncertainty and the shale gas revolution.
China is world leader in clean tech – outpaces US investments
Ma and Zhou 2/18 (Haibing Ma is the China program manager at the Worldwatch Institute, and Wanqing Zhou is a research intern with the program, “Green around the renewable gills”, http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2013-02/18/content_16231131.htm, CMR)

China recently announced that it would join the International Renewable Energy Agency. China is
AND
US investments, making it the largest clean energy investor in the world.
China leading the world in clean tech but faces zero-sum competition with the US
Rapoza 1/16 (Kenneth, “First Solar, Now China Wind Power In Washington's Crosshairs”, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2013/01/16/first-solar-now-china-wind-power-in-washingtons-crosshairs/, CMR)

One reason may be strategic.  China is focused on becoming a world leader in
AND
to expand, are going to have to rely on their home market. 

Wind is the key determinate of clean tech leadership---market share is key
NAW 6/8 North American Wind Power. “U.S. Ranks Fourth In Wind Energy Manufacturing As China Maintains Cleantech Lead,” 2012, http://www.nawindpower.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.9971
China continues to lead the global clean energy technology manufacturing race, with the U
AND
is well behind countries such as Denmark, China, Germany and Brazil.
China is the global leader in wind - momentum ensures they’ll outpace the US
Eco Seed 2/7 (“China overtook the U.S. as the global leader in wind market in 2009”, http://www.ecoseed.org/renewables/wind/16106-china-is-four-time-global-wind-market-leader, CMR)

China remains the global leader in the wind market, installing over one third of
AND
from nuclear and 1.2 GW from solar. – C. Dominguez
Link UQ
US wind is relocating to other countries – uncertainty over federal support is key
Galbrath 1/9/13 (Kate, “U.S. Gives a Late Reprieve to Wind Power Developers”, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/10/business/energy-environment/10iht-green10.html?_r=0, CMR)

In the United States, some wind power developers are beginning to focus on wind
AND
the enormous supplies of natural gas for power plants that this has produced.
2nc wind link – trade off
China leading the US – lack of US wind policy helps china
LA Times January 24 2011 “China leapfrogs U.S. wind power industry”,
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/greenspace/2011/01/china-leapfrogs-us-wind-power-industry-american-installations-halved-in-2010.html
Windchina Chinese turbines are now harnessing more wind power than machines installed in the U
AND
,” said Denise Bode, the group’s chief executive, in a statement.
2nc growth key – no defense
CCP decline bypasses their defense – the economy is key
Friedberg, Professor of Politics and International Affairs – Princeton, Asia Expert – CFR, ‘10
(Aaron, “Implications of the Financial Crisis for the US-China Rivalry,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 4, August, p. 31 – 54)

Despite its magnitude, Beijing's stimulus programme was insufficient to forestall a sizeable spike in
AND
induce it to behave in unexpected, and perhaps unexpectedly aggressive, ways.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Financial incentives are grants or loans—government purchases are distinct. 
Czinkota et al 9—Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University, Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books
Incentives offered by policymakers to facilitate foreign investments are mainly of three types: fiscal
AND
import quotas, and local content requirements, and investments in infrastructure facilities.
Vote neg
Limits—government procurement allows tons of new affs dealing with the military, government research facilities and almost any government service, this explodes the topic making deep debate and predictable ground impossible.
Ground—most topic arguments assume a private-sector based increase in energy production like investment tradeoffs, environmental DAs or condition the company CPs, government procurement dodges all these. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States Department of Defense should utilize incremental funding to purchase small modular reactors for use on military bases within the United States.
Full-funding process is normal means – Congress is notified about the plan.
O’Rourke and Daggett ’7
(Ronald ~Specialist in National Defense~, Stephen ~Specialist in National Defense~, "Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress", CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ)
The full funding policy is a federal budgeting rule imposed on the Department¶ of
AND
the years by Congress, the¶ Government Accountability Office, and DOD.
Counterplan process independently reduces disruption, investment bias, and boosts flexibility in production economies of scale – only the counterplan solves the aff.
O’Rourke and Daggett ’7
(Ronald ~Specialist in National Defense~, Stephen ~Specialist in National Defense~, "Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress", CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ)
A principal effect of the full funding policy is to prevent the use of incremental
AND
halt funding for weapons under construction that have become¶ unnecessary or inappropriate.
Aff displaces items in the DoD budget – the counterplan doesn’t.
O’Rourke and Daggett ’7
(Ronald ~Specialist in National Defense~, Stephen ~Specialist in National Defense~, "Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress", CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf-http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ)
Although incremental funding fell out of favor due to the above considerations,¶ supporters of
AND
shifts in U.S. strategy or the international security¶ environment.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
It’ll pass but PC is key 
Dann 3/27 (Carrie, Political Reporter, NBC News, "Obama optimistic on immigration legislation", http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite-http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite, CMR) 

As a bipartisan group of senators chips away at the remaining obstacles to an immigration
AND
hope that we will make that progress, along with many other goals."
Plan drains capital
Bencosme 11/28 (Francisco Bencosme, Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Researcher, former wake debater and a generally cool guy, "The State of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors", 2012, http://www.cnas.org/blogs/naturalsecurity/2012/11/state-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.html-http://www.cnas.org/blogs/naturalsecurity/2012/11/state-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.html, CMR)

Some have argued that the Department of Defense (DOD) would be a unique testing ground for an SMR demonstration. While this might be true, there does not appear to be enough political will for using the DOD as a site for energy experimentation. A DOD SMR program might also entail high political costs due to the larger defense cut negotiations that are taking place in Congress as part of the fiscal cliff.
PC is key and finite
Nakamura 2/20 (David, "In interview, Obama says he has a year to get stuff done", 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/02/20/in-interview-obama-says-he-has-a-year-to-get-stuff-done/-http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/02/20/in-interview-obama-says-he-has-a-year-to-get-stuff-done/, CMR)

President Obama said Wednesday he’s eager to move quickly to enact his second-term
AND
issues from tax reform, budget cuts, immigration reform and gun control.

Immigration reform key to STEM leadership and biotech innovation
Scullion ’13 (Christine, "Manufacturers Take the Lead In STEM Education", January 8, http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/manufacturers-take-the-lead-in-stem-education/27254-http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/manufacturers-take-the-lead-in-stem-education/27254, CMR) 

The U.S. the leading producer of cutting-edge products such as
AND
the right time will ensure that the US remains a global innovation leader.
The impact is bioterror
Chyba 4 - Co-Director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), Stanford Institute for International Studies, and an Associate Professor at Stanford University
~Christopher %26 Alex Greninger, "Biotechnology and Bioterrorism: An Unprecedented World" Survival, 46:2, Summer 2004~ 

In the absence of a comprehensive and effective system of global review of potential high
AND
dramatic results through biological programmes and would choose to direct their efforts elsewhere. 

Extinction
Steinbruner 97 John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, "Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses," n109 p85(12), infotrac
Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential weapons
AND
for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
RENEWABLES POISED FOR EXPLOSIVE GROWTH AND WILL OUTCOMPETE ALL COMPETITORS
Mitchell 2/13 (Travis, associate editor for all FierceEnergy and FierceFinance publications and is based in the Washington, DC office. Before joining FierceMarkets, Travis worked as an editorial/communication intern at the Rural Community Assistance Partnership, a national non-profit focusing on clean water and has also worked on the multimedia desk for the Washington bureau of Agence France-Presse. Travis holds a B.A. in journalism from American University in Washington, DC, where he also spent four years as a student DJ for WVAU. He is fluent in French, a music lover and enjoys eating his way around the District, Facts show renewable energy success, http://www.fierceenergy.com/story/facts-show-renewable-energy-success/2013-02-19, MDA)

There are plenty of misconceptions about the costs and benefits of renewable energy. But
AND
make the argument against these generation sources and the policies that support them.
Plan revitalizes the nuclear industry
Andres and Loudermilk 10 Richard B, Senior Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University and a Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Micah J, researcher at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, "Small Reactors and the Military’s Role in Securing America’s Nuclear Industry", 8/23, sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/100823646-small-reactors-and-the-militar.htm
Faced with the dual-obstacles of growing worldwide energy demand and a renewed push
AND
the military presents a realistic route by which their adoption can be achieved.

Investments in nuclear power trade off with investment in renewables – renewables key to halt warming
Carbon Control News 7/7/2008 "Activists make new economic case against nuclear’s climate benefits", lexis
A number of new reports have emerged arguing that investments in nuclear power could contribute
AND
as defibrillating a corpse: it will jump, but it won’t revive."
Extinction  
Speth 8 ~James, dean of the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Currently he serves the school as the Carl W. Knobloch, Jr. Dean and Sara Shallenberger Brown Professor in the Practice of Environmental Policy, The Bridge @ the Edge of the World, pg. 26~

The possibility of abrupt climate change is linked to what may be the most problematic
AND
and the trip will exterminate a large fraction of species on the planet.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
DoD support for biofuels is increasing—that assuages investor fears
Lawrence-http://blogs.forbes.com/pikeresearch/ 12/14/12—Contributor @ Forbes ~Mackinnon Lawrence-http://blogs.forbes.com/pikeresearch/, "Policy Shifts Signal Growth Ahead for Advanced Biofuels," Forbes, 12/14/2012, http://tinyurl.com/c5j372j~~
Over the past year, the U.S. military has emerged as a
AND
KiOR-http://www.kior.com/ and INEOS Bio-http://www.ineosbio.com/57-Welcome_to_INEOS_Bio.htm are strong indicators of a maturing cellulosic biofuels industry.
They force a tradeoff with the fuel budget
Eoyang 12—National Security Director @ Third Way ~Mieke Eoyang, Julie Zelnick (Policy Advisor for National Security @ Third Way), %26 Ryan Fitzpatrick (Senior Policy Advisor for the Third Way Clean Energy Program), "Fuel Costs Squeeze Defense Budget," Third Way Digest, May 2012, pg. 1~
In 2011, Congress passed the Budget Control Act, which put long-term
AND
, FedEx, and DHL spend on global shipping operations, combined.3
Biofuels will lose out
Erwin 12—Editor of National Defense Magazine ~Sandra I. Erwin, ’Policy Uncertainty’ Could Choke Development of Military Biofuels-http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=844," National Defense, 7/26/2012, http://tinyurl.com/d82e34n~~
To outsiders, the NDAA debate is just one more partisan battle in Washington’s larger
AND
inside and outside the Defense Department, is critical to our national security."
Biofuels will end oil wars.
Ventura 12—Essayist and cultural critic @ Austin Chronicle ~Michael Ventura-http://www.austinchronicle.com/authors/michael-ventura/, "Letters at 3AM: A Big Picture and a Long Game," Austin Chronicle, Fri., Oct. 19, 2012-http://www.austinchronicle.com/issues/2012-10-19/, pg. http://tinyurl.com/col9hvh
It’s like Alice watching the Queen of Hearts play cards and croquet: "Three
AND
will bump into one another indefinitely, attempting to defend an indefensible strategy.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their solvency ev is industry cheerleading—diverse distributed sources solve better.
Lovins 10—Chair and Chief Scientist @ Rocky Mountain Institute  ~Amory B. Lovins (Experimental Physicist and Former professor of Advanced Energy Efficiency @ Stanford University) , "Lovins addresses New Nuclear Power for DOD (Q%26A 3 of 3)" DOD Energy Blog, Wednesday, May 12, 2010, http://dodenergy.blogspot.com/2010/05/lovins-addresses-new-nuclear-power-for_12.html~~

Question 3: Are there any points in particular you’d like to call out re
AND
be my guest ... and good luck, you’re going to need it%21
Reactors are still in the research stage—they are decades away from being deployable.
Anderson 10—Senior Engineer in the Integrated Applications Office @ National Renewable Energy Laboratory ~Kate Anderson "SMALL NUCLEAR REACTORS," White Paper, February 1, 2010~

Despite these benefits, small reactors have many challenges to overcome. A few designs
AND
take 10-12 years or more.9 pg. 3-4

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Status quo solves islanding—-the military figured out their advantage and fixed it  
Michael Aimone 9-12, Director, Business Enterprise Integration, Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment), 9/12/12, Statement Before the House Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection and Security Technologies, http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/Testimony%20-%20Aimone.pdf
DoD’s facility energy strategy is also focused heavily on grid security in the name of
AND
, to Keesler Air Force Base in Mississippi, to support base recovery.
Zero impact to grid failures, even ones caused by cyber attacks
Douglas Birch 10-1, former foreign correspondent for the Associated Press and the Baltimore Sun who has written extensively on technology and public policy, 10/1/12, "Forget Revolution," Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/01/forget_revolution?page=full
Government officials sometimes describe a kind of Hieronymus Bosch landscape when warning of the possibility
AND
that even a large-scale blackout would not necessarily have catastrophic consequences.
Public will oppose military usage – turns case
Baker ’12 – Adjunct Junior Fellow @ AmericanSecurity Project, BA in Political Science (Matthew, "Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?", June 22, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/-http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/, CMR)

Thirdly, some supporters of SMR technology seem to have a skewed opinion of public
AND
stone of the military’s energy needs the public needs to be on board.
Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis, 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO
It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
AND
global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Alt cause – military planning – their author
BINNENDIJK AND JOHNSON 2003 (Hans and Stuart, Center for Technology and National Security, National Defense University, "Transforming for Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations," Nov 12)
With these points in mind, a more coherent framework to guide planning and thinking
AND
can be provided and action can be taken to address the identified requirements.
No risk of war or relations collapse – practical necessity ensures no escalation
Sestanovich ’8
Professor of International Diplomacy at Columbia and George F Keenan Senior Fellow for Russian studies @ CFR ~Stephen, Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Diplomacy at Columbia University and George F. Kennan Senior Fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, He was Ambassador-at-Large for the former Soviet Union from 1997 to 2001, November/December,"what has Moscow done?", foreign affairs,  http://www.scrapsofmoscow.org/2008/11/time-to-repair-relationship.html~~

Against this backdrop, Russia’s invasion of a small neighbor might have seemed to be
AND
not changed this outlook, and for the foreseeable future probably nothing will.
SMR’s cant solve heg and DOD won’t deploy them
Wong ’12 (Kelvin Wong, Kelvin Wong is an Associate Research Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University. He is with the Military Studies Programme at the School’s constituent unit, the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, "The Military’s Quest for Nuclear Power", http://rolandsanjuan.blogspot.com/2012/05/beyond-weapons-militarys-quest-for.html-http://rolandsanjuan.blogspot.com/2012/05/beyond-weapons-militarys-quest-for.html, May 18, 2012
Synopsis The military has always maintained an interest in the application of nuclear energy in
AND
destruction and sabotage are likely, should give military planners cause to pause.

DOD energy not key to heg- new structural changes
Sarewitz et al ’12 (Daniel Sarewitz and Samuel Thernstrom Co-Directors, John
AND
Energy Innovation At The Department Of Defense Assessing The Opportunities", March 2012,
The Defense Industry and Energy Innovation Operational energy seems especially important and exciting right now
AND
their military customers want them to respond to a demand for energy innovation. 

Military SMR can’t provide reliable or efficient energy – creates tons of waste and risks attacks
Baker ’12 – Adjunct Junior Fellow @ AmericanSecurity Project, BA in Political Science (Matthew, "Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?", June 22, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/-http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/, CMR)

Unfortunately all the hype surrounding SMRs seems to have made the proponents of SMR technology
AND
same problems that regular nuclear facilities face, sometimes to a larger degree.

 Because SMRs are smaller than conventional reactors and can be installed underground, they
AND
that the negative impacts of nuclear technology are more costly than its benefits.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2NC ov – warming
Warming outweighs – causes tipping points that collapse global biodiversity – that’s Speth – the aff locks in-extinction within five years
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists ’12 (Science and Security Board, "Doomsday Clock moves to five minutes to midnight", Jan 10, http://www.thebulletin.org/content/media-center/announcements/2012/01/10/doomsday-clock-moves-to-five-minutes-to-midnight-http://www.thebulletin.org/content/media-center/announcements/2012/01/10/doomsday-clock-moves-to-five-minutes-to-midnight, CMR)
In fact, the global community may be near a point of no return in
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reduce reliance on carbon-emitting technologies, it will be too late.
Only extinction scenario – outweighs nuclear war
Deibel ’7 ~Terry L. Deibel, professor of IR @ National War College, 2007, Foreign Affairs Strategy, Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today, CMR~

Droughts, floods, and violent storms Consensus Disease and Illness 26% of GDP
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States, but potentially to the continued existence of life on this planet.
That means we win regardless of probability
Nick Bostrom, Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy %26 Oxford Martin School, Director of the Future of Humanity Institute, and Director of the Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology at the University of Oxford, recipient of the 2009 Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the London School of Economics, 2011 ("The Concept of Existential Risk," Draft of a Paper published on ExistentialRisk.com, Available Online at http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html-http://www.existentialrisk.com/concept.html, Accessed 07-04-2011)
Even if we use the most conservative of these estimates, which entirely ignores the
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larger than the positive value of the direct benefit of such an action.
Turns nuclear war
Dyer 9 Gwynne, MA in Military History and PhD in Middle Eastern History former  @ Senior Lecturer-C:\wiki\Senior_Lecturer in War Studies at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst-C:\wiki\Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst, Climate Wars, CMR

THIS BOOK IS AN ATTEMPT, peering through a glass darkly, to understand the
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international cooperation to curb emissions and stop the warming goes out the window.
Err aff on probability – risks of major war are almost ZERO
Fettweis, ’6 – National Security Decision Making Department, US Naval War College ~Christopher, "A Revolution in International Relation Theory: Or, What If Mueller Is Right?" International Studies Review (2006) 8, 677–697~  
The obsolescence-of-major-war argument is familiar enough to need little
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, perhaps scholars should ask why anyone should believe that it could not.
Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction
Socol 11 Yehoshua Socol (Ph.D.), an inter-disciplinary physicist, is an expert in electro-optics, high-energy physics and applications, and material science and Moshe Yanovskiy, Jan 2, 2011, "Nuclear Proliferation and Democracy", http://www.americanthinker.com/2011/01/nuclear_proliferation_and_demo.html, CMR

Nuclear proliferation should no longer be treated as an unthinkable nightmare; it is likely
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reality will most probably contain fewer nuclear-possessing states than the former.
Nuke war doesn’t turn warming
Seitz 11, Harvard University Center for International Affairs visiting scholar, (Russell, "Nuclear winter was and is debatable," Nature, 7-7-11, Vol 475, pg37, accessed 9-27-11, CMR)

Alan Robock’s contention that there has been no real scientific debate about the ’nuclear winter’ concept is itself debatable (Nature 473, 275–276; 2011). This potential climate disaster, popularized in Science in 1983, rested on the output of a one-dimensional model that was later shown to overestimate the smoke a nuclear holocaust might engender. More refined estimates, combined with advanced three-dimensional models (see http://go.nature.com.libproxy.utdallas.edu/kss8te), have dramatically reduced the extent and severity of the projected cooling. Despite this, Carl Sagan, who co-authored the 1983 Science paper, went so far as to posit "the extinction of Homo sapiens" (C. Sagan Foreign Affairs 63, 75–77; 1984). Some regarded this apocalyptic prediction as an exercise in mythology. George Rathjens of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology protested: "Nuclear winter is the worst example of the misrepresentation of science to the public in my memory," (see http://go.nature.com.libproxy.utdallas.edu/yujz84) and climatologist Kerry Emanuel observed that the subject had "become notorious for its lack of scientific integrity" (Nature 319, 259; 1986). Robock’s single-digit fall in temperature is at odds with the subzero (about −25 °C) continental cooling originally projected for a wide spectrum of nuclear wars. Whereas Sagan predicted darkness at noon from a US–Soviet nuclear conflict, Robock projects global sunlight that is several orders of magnitude brighter for a Pakistan–India conflict — literally the difference between night and day. Since 1983, the projected worst-case cooling has fallen from a Siberian deep freeze spanning 11,000 degree-days Celsius (a measure of the severity of winters) to numbers so unseasonably small as to call the very term ’nuclear winter’ into question.
US clean tech is key to solve hegemony, resource conflicts, and climate change.
Klarevas 9 – Professor of Global Affairs (Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs – New York University, "Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony", Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html, CMR)

By not addressing climate change more aggressively and creatively, the United States is squandering
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means of leverage that can be employed to keep potential foes in check.

Link

Loudermilk specific
Yes commercialization
Marqusee 12 Jeffrey, Executive director at the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program at the DOD, "Military Installations and Energy Technology Innovations", Energy Innovation at the Department of Defense: Assessing the Opportunities, March, PDF online
Conclusion¶ DoD has been an enormous engine of innovation in America, driving the
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DOE and the private sector, and result in a real energy revolution.

More ev
Andres and Breetz 11 Richard B, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University and Hanna L, doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February, "Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications",  www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
If DOD wants to ensure that its preferred reactors are developed and available in the
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will dictate standards on nuclear reactor reliability, performance, and proliferation resistance.

A2 Gas
Oil and gas not inevitable – most qualified and recent studies prove* – only a question of social support.
*Cites an NRC study from last week and Stanford engineering study from days ago
Rosenthal 3-23
(Elisabeth, "Life After Oil and Gas", NYTimes, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/24/sunday-review/life-after-oil-and-gas.html?pagewanted=all%26_r=0-http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/24/sunday-review/life-after-oil-and-gas.html?pagewanted=all%26_r=0, DZ)
This mantra, repeated on TV ads and in political debates, is punctuated with
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social and political — what you need is the will to do it."
Clean tech leadership is high now—the industry is increasing now and the US is the leader in global investment—that’s Mitchell
Yes competitive – capacity growing in wind and solar – capital costs declining – fluctuating fuel costs close the gap with conventional tech.
Palaia 3-28 
(Jeremy, Global Information Inc., PR Newswire, "Cost of Renewable Power Generation Increasing Competitive, Market Research Perspectives and Recommended Conferences", DZ)
FARMINGTON, Conn., March 28, 2013 /PRNewswire-iReach/ — Renewable power generation is one the most crucial ways of achieving the goal of sustainable development for all countries. Significant capacity additions are being witnessed annually. In 2012, 772.3 Gigawatts (GW) of renewable capacity was installed in 2011 across the world. Of this capacity, wind and solar PV (Photovoltaic) are the major renewable sources of energy and account for 49.3% of the cumulative renewable power installation in the world. According to an upcoming report, "Cost of Power Generation", wind is the largest renewable source and accounts for 36.8% of global renewable capacity. Between 2005 and 2012, cumulative installed capacity of wind power rose from 59.8 GW to 283.9 GW. The future prospects for the wind energy industry appear to be good, largely due to strong government support. By 2020, the wind power cumulative installed capacity is expected to reach 455.8 GW. Meanwhile, global solar PV installed capacity will continue to grow at a CAGR of 15% during the 2013–2020 forecast period to reach 331.2 GW by 2020.¶ (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130328/CG85261)¶ The capital costs of renewable energy generation technologies such as solar PV and solar thermal are currently higher than those of conventional energy generation technologies. However, the capital costs of these renewable energy technologies have been declining over the last four to five years. The major drivers driving down the cost of these technologies are their technological improvements and mass deployments. Additionally, increasing costs during long-term construction and fluctuating fuel costs for conventional power generation are reducing the gap between the electricity costs of these two technologies. These patterns indicate that the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of renewable energy technologies is becoming competitive with the LCOE of conventional technologies.
A2 NP Solves
The warming debate is all about the tipping point and the speed in which renewables can solve – nuke power will not come online for 10-15 years – that gap allows way too much carbon into the air.  The plan forces a trade-off with renewable tech that can come online faster to solve the tipping point – that’s Carbon Control News
And, here is comparative evidence – nuclear power cannot solve prior to the tipping point – Renewables can
Aurilio et al, DC Environment America Director, 11
(Anna e-, Robert Sargent, Energy Program Director for Environment America, December 6, 2011, "Nuclear Power Will Set Back Race Against Global Warming, New Report Shows", http://www.environmentamerica.org/news/ame/nuclear-power-will-set-back-race-against-global-warming-new-report-shows, CMR)
Washington, DC- Far from a solution to global warming, nuclear power will
AND
-built dam to create a lake to fight a nearby forest fire."
Nuke power cannot come online fast enough – plan diverts investment in renewables
Madsen et al 2009 Travis Madsen (Analyst at the Frontier Group) Tony Dutzik (Analyst at the Frontier Group) Bernadette Del Chiaro (Analyst at the Environment America Research %26 Policy Center) and Rob Sargent (Analyst at the Environment America Research %26 Policy Center) November 2009 "Generating Failure¶ How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would¶ Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming", Environment America Research %26 Policy Center, http://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/3962c378b66c4552624d09cbd8ebba02/Generating-Failure—-Environment-America—-Web.pdf
The damaging impacts of warming – from the ¶ acidification of the world’s oceans to
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distraction in the fight to ¶ prevent the worst impacts of global warming.

A2 Too Late

Not too late – every reduction key
Nuccitelli 12
~Dana, is an environmental scientist at a private environmental consulting firm in the Sacramento, California area. He has a Bachelor’s Degree in astrophysics from the University of California at Berkeley, and a Master’s Degree in physics from the University of California at Davis. He has been researching climate science, economics, and solutions as a hobby since 2006, and has contributed to Skeptical Science since September, 2010, http://www.skepticalscience.com/realistically-what-might-future-climate-look-like.html-http://www.skepticalscience.com/realistically-what-might-future-climate-look-like.html, HM~

We’re not yet committed to surpassing 2°C global warming, but as Watson
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adapt to the climate change consequences we have discussed here (Figure 4).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Off

Off

Off

Off

Off

Solvency

Grid

Basing

2NC

Renewables

Solvency

SMRs Fail

Their solvency claims are false industry hype – SMRs won’t be operational and will fail.
Nexon 3/29/13 Prof. Georgetown Dan Nexon has held fellowships at Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation and at the Ohio State University’s Mershon Center for International Studies. During 2009-2010 he worked in the U.S. Department of Defense as a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellow. Professor Nexon specializes in the comparative-historical analysis of international politics, international-relations theory, and international security. His current research focuses on statecraft and instruments of power politics, particularly in the context of unequal inter-state relations. http://www.whiteoliphaunt.com/duckofminerva/2013/03/small-modular-reactors-and-us-military-bases.html-http://www.whiteoliphaunt.com/duckofminerva/2013/03/small-modular-reactors-and-us-military-bases.html 

The main argument for the Department of Defense (DoD) developing small modular reactors
AND
of these issues, or assume that future technological ingenuity will resolve them.

Grid

Squo Solves

Status quo solves grid cyber vulnerability  
Paul Clark 12, MA Candidate, Intelligence/Terrorism Studies, American Military University; Senior Analyst, Chenega Federal Systems, 4/28/12, "The Risk of Disruption or Destruction of Critical U.S. Infrastructure by an Offensive Cyber Attack," http://blog.havagan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/The-Risk-of-Disruption-or-Destruction-of-Critical-U.S.-Infrastructure-by-an-Offensive-Cyber-Attack.pdf
An attack against the electrical grid is a reasonable threat scenario since power systems are
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establish robust security guidelines and cyber security measures (Gohn and Wheelock 2010).

Microgrids solve DOD vulnerability
Pike Research 11, market research and consulting firm that provides in-depth analysis of global clean technology markets, 9/16/’11
(http://www.pikeresearch.com/newsroom/military-microgrid-capacity-to-experience-more-than-700-growth-by-2017)
Military Microgrid Capacity to Experience More than 700% Growth by 2017 September 16,
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companies including Lockheed Martin, GE, Honeywell, Boeing, and Eaton.

Nuclear primacy solves any perceived loss of power
Campbell Craig (Professor of International Relations at the University of Southampton) 2009 Review of International Studies, "American power preponderance and the nuclear revolution," 35, 27–44,
As Keir Lieber and Daryl Press have suggested, the US may be on the
AND
specify three factors that dissuade would-be rivals to the US from balancing

 against it in traditional military terms: the effect of America’s relative geographical isolation from these potential rivals; the fact that American preponderance happened as a fait accompli about which no other nation could do anything; and the vast and growing ’power gap’ between the US and all other rivals. The next section will describe each factor, and show how the nuclear revolution specifically reinforces each of them. 

Basing

Backlash

Small nuclear military bases would be massively unpopular, causes backlash
Nexon 3/29/13 Prof. Georgetown Dan Nexon has held fellowships at Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation and at the Ohio State University’s Mershon Center for International Studies. During 2009-2010 he worked in the U.S. Department of Defense as a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellow. Professor Nexon specializes in the comparative-historical analysis of international politics, international-relations theory, and international security. His current research focuses on statecraft and instruments of power politics, particularly in the context of unequal inter-state relations. http://www.whiteoliphaunt.com/duckofminerva/2013/03/small-modular-reactors-and-us-military-bases.html-http://www.whiteoliphaunt.com/duckofminerva/2013/03/small-modular-reactors-and-us-military-bases.html 

Advocates also seem to underestimate the political problems involved. These are substantial. No
AND
kind that might lead to the loss of critical basing and access agreements.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Risk of attack is high – only counter-measures solve
Glassman ’12 (James, "Expert: U.S. unprepared for bioterrorism attack", April 5, http://www.bioprepwatch.com/us_bioterror_policy/expert-u-s-unprepared-for-bioterrorism-attack/323620/-http://www.bioprepwatch.com/us_bioterror_policy/expert-u-s-unprepared-for-bioterrorism-attack/323620/, CMR)

A recent essay published in Forbes magazine supports the contention that the United States remains
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develop countermeasures, but small firms have filled the gap with mixed success.

New tech will ease delivery, increase bioweapon lethality—experts agree
Judith Miller, contributing editor, "Bioterrorism’s Deadly Math," CITY JOURNAL, Fall 2008, pp. 53-61.
The challenge grows larger each day as the biotech revolution spreads skills and knowledge around
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agents intentionally engineered to be resistant to available antibiotics or evade immune response.
It will cause extinction – their ev is outdated
Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10.
The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
AND
may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore’s Law.
Threat is real and growing—Aum Shinrikyo would have eventually succeeded if not caught by the authorities
Rita Grossman-Vermaas, Brian D. Finlay, and Elilzabeth Turpen, Ph.D., OLD PLAGUES, NEW THREATS: THE BIOTECH REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Henry L. Stimson Center, March 2008, p. 2-4.
There is also precedent for the use of pathogens and toxin as bioweapons by sub
AND
forming bacterium that causes anthrax through the US postal system in October 2001.

Inev

Skilled workers tied to comprehensive reform, won’t be addressed separately
Higgins 2/6 (John K. Higgins is a career business writer, with broad experience for a major publisher in a wide range of topics including energy, finance, environment and government policy, "Immigration Reform Could Open the Door for IT Talent", http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/77241.html-http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/77241.html, CR)

Congressional Hurdles and Outlook¶ How the bill fares in Congress may depend on how
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"We’re hoping that they succeed, and that’s where our focus is."
Nope – Democrats won’t sign-off on piecemeal reform
Song 2/5 (Kyung, "Immigration committee examines skilled versus unskilled workers", http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2020294802_immigrationhearingxml.html-http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2020294802_immigrationhearingxml.html, CR)

WASHINGTON — Members of the House Judiciary Committee showed a sharp partisan divide during a
AND
immigrants and other thornier aspects of comprehensive immigration reform being debated in Congress.

UQ

Immigration will pass now—Obama is "using the bully pulpit" to build support for a bipartisan deal –FRAMING ISSUE – PC is the only relevant question because he can "chip away" at the remaining obstacles their evidence cites – that’s Dann and  Nakamura
Obama focusing capital on immigration – ensures momentum and vote count in both houses  
Martin 3/28 (Gary, "Immigration reform gaining support in Congress", http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Immigration-reform-gaining-support-in-Congress-4393187.php~%23ixzz2OyItXPQY-http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Immigration-reform-gaining-support-in-Congress-4393187.php, CMR)  

WASHINGTON — A Republican Party in desperate search for relevance to Latino voters. An
AND
necessary to pass a reform bill.¶ Still, it won’t be easy.
Obama’s push overcomes remaining obstacles, including labor
Pace 3/28 (Julie, "Immigration Reform: Obama pushes for passage", 2013, http://www.trivalleycentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/national_news/immigration-reform-obama-pushes-for-passage/article_3cdea61a-97c1-11e2-a2d5-0019bb2963f4.html-http://www.trivalleycentral.com/casa_grande_dispatch/national_news/immigration-reform-obama-pushes-for-passage/article_3cdea61a-97c1-11e2-a2d5-0019bb2963f4.html, CMR) 

President Barack Obama pressed for swift action on a sweeping immigration bill Wednesday, saying
AND
told reporters after a briefing for congressional staff on temporary-worker programs.
Momentum ensures bipartisan deal – overcomes border security and labor disputes
Sink 3/27 (Justin, "Obama ’confident’ immigration reform will get done this summer", http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290685-obama-confident-immigration-reform-will-get-done-http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290685-obama-confident-immigration-reform-will-get-done, CMR)
   
President Obama expressed confidence Wednesday that lawmakers will strike a bipartisan immigration deal by the
AND
. But I don’t think that’s going to be necessary," Obama said.

Not top of docket

Ev doesn’t say this – just says it won’t pass until summer – sure but Obama is spending pc now
Obama pressuring Congress to compromise and hammer out the details – the plan injects a massive partisan controversy that crushes his ability to shepherd a deal – more evidence
Anniston Star 3/27 ("On the offensive: Obama is wise to start anew the push for immigration reform", http://annistonstar.com/view/full_story/22088295/article-On-the-offensive—Obama-is-wise-to-start-anew-the-push-for-immigration-reform?instance=opinion_lead-http://annistonstar.com/view/full_story/22088295/article-On-the-offensive--Obama-is-wise-to-start-anew-the-push-for-immigration-reform?instance=opinion_lead, CMR) 

The point: President Obama didn’t fulfill his promise of securing sweeping immigration-reform
AND
of those discussions until it’s produced," White House spokesman Josh Earnest said.¶      
Top priority for Obama – ensures quick passage  
Pace 3/25 (Julie, "Obama calls for April debate on immigration bill", http://www.myfoxla.com/story/21785836/obama-calls-for-april-debate-on-immigration-bill-http://www.myfoxla.com/story/21785836/obama-calls-for-april-debate-on-immigration-bill, CMR) 

President Barack Obama challenged Congress Monday to "finish the job" of finalizing legislation
AND
has its own immigration bill ready if the debate on Capitol Hill stalls.

XO

Our internal link proves Obama would back down without political capital
Executive action fails – deters employers and immigrants  
Cox and Rodriguez ’9 Adam %26 cristina Adam B. Cox is a Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School. Cristina M. Rodríguez is a Professor of Law, New York University School of Law. "The President and Immigration Law" The Yale Law Journal 119:458 2009

For example, in situations in which the Executive would prefer to admit immigrants with
AND
the delegation of ex post screening authority substitutes poorly for ex ante authority.
No executive action – Obama knows the risks
Hamilton 3/26 (Keegan, "How Obama Could (but Probably Won’t) Stop Deporting Illegal Immigrants Today", http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/homeland-security/277799-dont-wait-for-president-obama-to-act-on-immigration-reform~~%23ixzz2OrYPaWXd , CMR) 

With immigration-reform legislation inching toward the president’s desk, it’s unlikely he’ll waste
AND
says. "I don’t think he wants that to be his legacy."

PC Key

No warrant except Hispanic vote – their UQ ev says GOP has backed away from that – means PC uniquely key now
PC is key
Anniston Star 3/27 ("On the offensive: Obama is wise to start anew the push for immigration reform", http://annistonstar.com/view/full_story/22088295/article-On-the-offensive—Obama-is-wise-to-start-anew-the-push-for-immigration-reform?instance=opinion_lead-http://annistonstar.com/view/full_story/22088295/article-On-the-offensive--Obama-is-wise-to-start-anew-the-push-for-immigration-reform?instance=opinion_lead, CMR) 

The point: President Obama didn’t fulfill his promise of securing sweeping immigration-reform
AND
of those discussions until it’s produced," White House spokesman Josh Earnest said.¶
PC still key – overcomes GOP intransigence
Huerta 3/15 – a UCLA visiting scholar at the Chicano Studies Research Center (Alavaro, "We need real immigration reform", http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/03/15/185971/we-need-real-immigration-reform.html~%23storylink=cpy-http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/03/15/185971/we-need-real-immigration-reform.html, CMR)

The time has arrived for President Obama and Congress to take immediate action on comprehensive
AND
capital for the benefit of the estimated 11 undocumented immigrants in this country.

NO spillover

Yes spillover – our Nakamura evidence says Obama has "severely limited time frame" for accomplishing immigration and needs to focus his political capital on striking deals – plan ruins his leverage
Energy fights will undermine the push for immigration
-Can’t win on energy / a2 winners win
-Sequencing link
-GOP unification link / a2 dickerson
Harder ’13 Amy, "In Washington, Energy and Climate Issues Get Shoved in the Closet" 2/6, http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/power-play/in-washington-energy-and-climate-issues-get-shoved-in-the-closet-20130206-http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/power-play/in-washington-energy-and-climate-issues-get-shoved-in-the-closet-20130206, CMR

A week later, one senator, Republican Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, was standing
AND
a big win on immigration reform while striking a political blow to Republicans."¶ 

DOD

Their evidence just says that the DoD can go ahead with energy prgrams because congress is gridlocked – doesn’t mean it’s not perceived
No shielding—seen as covert attempt to push clean energy
Snider, 2/23/12 (Annie – reporter for E %26 E, Military’s alt energy programs draw Republicans’ Ire, Greenwire, p. http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/02/23/2-http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/02/23/2)
But as election-year politics ramp up and Republicans target the Obama administration for
AND
reverberating across Capitol Hill, even as Pentagon officials flatly deny the allegations.
Executive actions burn capital
Eberly, 1/21 —- coordinator of Public Policy Studies and assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at St. Mary’s College of Maryland (1/21/2013, Todd, "The presidential power trap; Barack Obama is discovering that modern presidents have difficulty amassing political capital, which hinders their ability to enact a robust agenda," http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-01-21/news/bs-ed-political-capital-20130121_1_political-system-party-support-public-opinion-http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-01-21/news/bs-ed-political-capital-20130121_1_political-system-party-support-public-opinion))

Many looked to the 2012 election as a means to break present trends. But
AND
not without limit or cost and will likely further erode his political capital.

Link

SMRs are politically "nuclear"
Fairley 10 Peter, IEEE Spectrum, May, "Downsizing Nuclear Power Plants," org/energy/nuclear/downsizing-nuclear-power-plants/0
However, there are political objections to SMRs. Precisely because they are more affordable
AND
today’s reactors. But, politically at least, they’re just as nuclear.
No turns, SMR debates are polarizing
Carper and Schmid 11 Ross Carper (rosscarper@gmail.com), a writer based in Washington state, is the founding editor of the creative nonfiction project BeyondtheBracelet.com. Sonja Schmid (sschmid@vt.edu) is an assistant professor in Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech. "The Little Reactor That Could?" Issues in Science and Technology, http://www.issues.org/27.4/carper.html
Historically, nuclear energy has been entangled in one of the most polarizing debates in
AND
be off limits, just because information about them has traditionally been classified.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
More immigrants are key
Wee ’13 (Heesun, "How Lack of Immigration Reform Harms Startups, US Economy", 1/24, 2013, http://www.cnbc.com/id/100401598-http://www.cnbc.com/id/100401598, CMR) 

As President Barack Obama begins his second term, small companies and the technology community
AND
graduates in America. The STEM fields are science, technology, engineering and 

Their ev concludes neg – Obama pushing hard – private calls and technical support
Fox News, 3-28-2013~THIS IS THEIR AP ARTICLE~ http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2013/03/28/obama-immigration-reform-expected-by-end-summer/-http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2013/03/28/obama-immigration-reform-expected-by-end-summer/-http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2013/03/28/obama-immigration-reform-expected-by-end-summer/-http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2013/03/28/obama-immigration-reform-expected-by-end-summer/, CMR

(WASHINGTON) — President Barack Obama pressed for swift action on a sweeping immigration
AND
of the Union address, then purposely handed off the effort to lawmakers.
*Their evidence ends
The president has, however, privately called members of the Senate working group,
AND
the U.S. is being closely watched by Latin American countries.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: NU MS | Judge:
Off

CP: The United States federal government should engage in comprehensive information sharing on crude oil production in the area of the Gulf of Mexico’s Eastern Gap included in the United States’ Outer Continental Shelf Planning Areas.

Information sharing and workshops solve the case.

Lanier 2013 North Carolina Journal of International Law %26 Commercial Regulation Winter, 2013 North Carolina Journal of International Law %26 Commercial Regulation 38 N.C.J. Int’l L. %26 Com. Reg. 571 LENGTH: 12668 words NOTE %26 COMMENT: In Deepwater: Cuba, Offshore Drilling, and Political Brinkmanship NAME: C. Adam Lanier+ BIO: + B.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010; J.D. Candidate, University of North Carolina School of Law, 2013.

To take advantage of this engagement with the Cuban government, the United States should
AND
-sharing through the U.S. Interests Section in Havana. n158

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: NU MS | Judge:
Off
Transportation bill will pass now – enjoys broad bipartisanship support – energy drilling debates will undercut that, as people attempt to link transportation to energy
Burgess Everett 3/27 "Energy revenue for infrastructure: A ’natural link’?", http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=1AF6A5D1-C0CF-48AA-83CB-72FBD2AADFC5
As Congress continues to hunt for ever-elusive money to rebuild roads, bridges
AND
it’s a fissure not worth opening, for both monetary and political reasons.
Republicans will tie the debates together
HAI (Helicopter Association International) 3/27 "Congress Explores Oil Revenue to Fund Infrastructure", http://www.readability.com/read?url=http%3A//www.rotor.com/Publications/RotorNews/tabid/843/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/2235/Congress-Explores-Oil-Revenue-to-Fund-Infrastructure.aspx
As the U.S. Congress continues to hunt for ever-elusive money
AND
drivers and forces frequent drivers to pay more for the roads they use.

Key to ag competitiveness

Khachatryan and Casavant 11—Research Associate at the Freight Policy Transportation Institute
School of Economic Sciences at Washington State University, Casavant is the director and professor, Ph.D. Agricultural Economics. (Hayk and Ken, "The Relationship Between U.S. Transport Infrastructure ¶ Improvements And International Trade, http://wstc.wa.gov/Meetings/AgendasMinutes/agendas/2011/July19-20/documents/11_0719_BP5_FPTIInfrastTrdPolicyRept.pdf-http://wstc.wa.gov/Meetings/AgendasMinutes/agendas/2011/July19-20/documents/11_0719_BP5_FPTIInfrastTrdPolicyRept.pdf, chm)

The efficient and affordable freight transportation system that facilitates the linkage to international markets has
AND
PNW) economy to the rest of the world through the 16 ports.

Extinction – turns every impact

Lugar, 4 – U.S. Senator – Indiana, (Richard, "Plant Power" Our Planet v. 14 n. 3, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html

In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning
AND
in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.

UQ

Transportation bill will pass – our Everett evidence says there is a "bipartisan spring" of support – the House and Senate are "singing each other’s praises" and committed to an agreement

Will pass —- grand bargain coming

Everett 3/18 (Burgess, "WRDA draft out - Obama makes Labor pick; Transportation next? - Blumenauer confident in Obama’s transpo acumen - GOP leadership still eyes infrastructure-drilling link", http://www.politico.com/morningtransportation/0313/morningtransportation10241.html-http://www.politico.com/morningtransportation/0313/morningtransportation10241.html, CMR) 

BLUMENAUER: OBAMA ’COMMITTED’ TO TRANSPO INVESTMENT: The Oregon congressman continues to be
AND
is waiting to hear back from the president as he studies the proposal.

Bipartisan support and lobbies

Sink 3/29 (Justin, "Obama calls on Congress to approve %2421B infrastructure bill", http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/291007-obama-calls-on-congress-to-approve-21b-infrastructure-bill-http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/291007-obama-calls-on-congress-to-approve-21b-infrastructure-bill, CMR)
   
President Obama on Friday called for Congress to approve a %2421 billion package aimed
AND
Chamber of Commerce and the nation’s largest labor organization both back infrastructure spending.

Intrinsicness

Politics tests a key opportunity cost

Steve Saideman, Associate Professor, Political Science, McGill University, "Key Constraint of Policy Relevance," 7—25—11, http://duckofminerva.blogspot.com/2011/07/key-constraint-on-policy-relevance.html, accessed 10-2-11.
Dan Drezner has a great post today about how the foreign policy smart set (
AND
dream about the right policy and gnash our teeth when it never happens.

Link

Linking drilling to current transportation discussions will fracture bipartisan consensus

Everett %26 Snider 3/27 (Burgess and Adam, http://www.politico.com/morningtransportation/0313/morningtransportation10307.html-http://www.politico.com/morningtransportation/0313/morningtransportation10307.html, CMR) 

Beyond the CBO scores: Taking the idea on could risk some of the bipartisan cred recently built between Shuster and EPW Chairwoman Barbara Boxer. Rep. Peter DeFazio, a key Democratic transportation voice, said the idea "certainly wouldn’t be helpful with a lot of people on my side of the aisle. And it wouldn’t be helpful with the White House." And to ranking Dem Nick Rahall, it’s about the numbers. He said energy can be "in the mix" of revenue options but that it’s unrealistic to think oil and gas production can provide commuters a free lunch. "It’s not the panacea for all of our problems ... we can’t drill our way out of the infrastructure deficit," he told Burgess, who has the story here with an Adam assist: http://politi.co/108hpVH
No risk of a link turn – congressional environment ensures polarization
Brian Scheid 3/26 "Hardline drilling rhetoric hinders partisan support for US E%26P: congressman", Washington Platts, http://www.readability.com/read?url=https%3A//www.google.com/url%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dnewssearch%26cd%3D22%26cad%3Drja%26ved%3D0CC4QqQIoADABOBQ%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.platts.com%252FRSSFeedDetailedNews%252FRSSFeed%252FOil%252F21877210%26ei%3DuV1TUd6KEaqBygGCyYGgCg%26usg%3DAFQjCNGXvCCJ5wavmVf9NRt4gySxSf88jg%26sig2%3D4qGfBHb5z0jUek9aIxRUtA%26bvm%3Dbv.44342787%2Cd.aWc
Cramer, a member of the House Natural Resources Committee who has introduced a bill
AND
that somehow we can find a way to discuss these things more rationally."

Democrats oppose new drilling.

Pew Research Center, 6-14-2010, Public Remains of Two Minds on Energy Policy, p. http://www.people-press.org/2010/06/14/public-remains-of-two-minds-on-energy-policy/, accessed 9-1-2012

By contrast, pluralities of Democrats (41%) and independents (36%) support continuing existing drilling but banning new projects. Democrats (33%) are more likely than independents (19%) or Republicans (11%) to favor a total ban on new offshore oil and gas drilling.

Treasury

Their mechanism still links—now highly politicized

Thomas McGarity, Professor, Law, University of Texas, "Administrative Law as Blood Sport: Policy Erosion in a Highly Partisan Age," DUKE LAW JOURNAL v. 61, 5—12, LN.
In this Article, I raise the possibility that the nation has entered a period
AND
and to begin thinking about the implications of these developments for the field.

Winners Win

Not true for Obama on energy policy

Eisler 12 (Matthew N. Eisler, Research Fellow at the Center for Contemporary History and Policy at the Chemical Heritage Foundation, "Science, Silver Buckshot, and ’All of The Above’" Science Progress, April 2, http://scienceprogress.org/2012/04/science-silver-buckshot-and-%E2%80%9Call-of-the-above%E2%80%9D/-http://scienceprogress.org/2012/04/science-silver-buckshot-and-%E2%80%9Call-of-the-above%E2%80%9D/, CR)

Conservatives take President Obama’s rhetoric at face value. Progressives see the president as disingenuous
AND
will probably mean four more years of inaction and increased resort to cant.

Impact

Bad infrastructure leads to terrorist attacks- fragile systems make attacks worth pursuing

US Newswire 10 ("Coalition Urges Congress and Obama Administration to Create National Infrastructure Bank" 1/20 http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/coalition-urges-congress-and-obama-administration-to-create-national-infrastructure-bank-82167467.html-http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/coalition-urges-congress-and-obama-administration-to-create-national-infrastructure-bank-82167467.html)AK

"There is also a national security benefit to be derived from reversing the corrosive
AND
they can cause the kind of fallout that makes these attacks worth pursuing."

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: NU MS | Judge: 

Relations

1nc

The plan will infringe on Russian sphere – new agreement to drill the shelf – key to Russian oil growth

Maria Snytkova 3/1/2013 "Russia to supply Cuban oil to USA?",
http://english.pravda.ru/business/companies/01-03-2013/123941-russia_cuba_oil-0/
Many became highly concerned last week, when it was said that Russia was forgiving
AND
was not a single representative of the oil sector among the Russian delegation.

Russia expanding influence, specifically to former Soviet spheres, it’s key to the economy

Goodrich 7/5 2011 ~Lauren, 2011"Russia’s Evolving Leadership", STRATFOR, http://politicom.moldova.org/news/russias-evolving-leadership-perceptions-of-putin-part-2-222643-eng.html~~//Abraha
Putin’s goal was to fix the country, which meant restoring state control (politically
AND
while the rest of the country’s economy has lagged decades behind in technology.

Russian economic deterioration leads terrorism and nuclear conflict resulting in extinction.

Sheldon Filger 2009  "Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction" May 10, 2009, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html~~
In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree
AND
the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence.

Attempts to counter Chinese regional influence ensure war – they’ll go down fight

Layne 12 (Chris, professor and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A %26 M University’s George H. W. Bush School of Government and Public Service, June, The Global Power Shift from West to East, The National Interest, lexis, CMR)

Certainly, the Chinese have not forgotten. Now Beijing aims to dominate its own
AND
, the United States must appear as the unapproachable, globally sprawling giant.

2nc impact calc

Extend the Filger in 2009 evidence -  Russian stability is uniquely intertwined with economic stability, deterioration of the economy will result instability, risking nuclear war – an economically weakened Russia would not be able to control its vast nuclear arsenal
And, instability risk nuclear war
Dimitri Simes, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "The Return of Russian History," FOREIGN AFFAIRS, January/February 1994, p. 67+, LN.
For the United States, neither Yeltsin’s political future nor even the future of Russian
AND
line and to prevent centrifugal, separatist trends from going out of control.
This is most probable scenario for nuclear war – will engulf the United States
Steven David, Professor of Political Science, Johns Hopkins University, "Saving America From the Coming Civil Wars," FOREIGN AFFAIRS, v 78 n 1, Jan/Feb 1999, LN.
Only three countries, in fact, meet both criteria: Mexico, Saudi Arabia
AND
, are the stakes as high or the threat of war as imminent.
Error negative – internal conflict makes nuclear miscalculation inevitable – prefer this evidence – cites US intelligence studies and accounts for military policy
Pry 99 (Peter Vincent, Former US Intelligence Operative, War Scare:  U.S.-Russia on the Nuclear Brink,
Russian internal troubles—such as a leadership crisis, coup, or civil war
AND
Russian affairs, with the West ignorant that it was in grave peril. 

2nc UQ/link

Russia ramping up development – cuba key
Industry Press 3/2 "Will Russia Find Cuban oil?"
Many became highly concerned last week, when it was said that Russia was forgiving
AND
not found, but Russia believed that it was early to give up.
Drilling is key to Cuban-Russian raproach – plan will infringe Russia
Voice from Russia July 2012 "Russia and Cuba: Old Friendships Never Wither", http://02varvara.wordpress.com/tag/havana/
Russia and Cuba are strengthening their bilateral relations again after a break that followed the
AND
holidaymakers on the island are rapidly catching up with European and Canadian ones.

2NC Influence

 Zero-Sum===
China-US sphere of influence is zero-sum
Drew Thompson ’5, Assistant Director of the Freeman Chair in China Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC. "China’s Emerging Interests in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges for Africa and the United States," African Renaissance Journal, July/August 2005, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/press/0508_china_african_interests.pdf
Many foreign policy experts in the United States feel that one of the greatest challenges
AND
of energy and raw materials through diplomacy, investment, aid and trade.

2NC China War

Pursuit of Asian influence causes war with China and Asian instability- forces Chinese expansionism to deter the US
Zenko and Cohen 12 (MICAH ZENKO is a Fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations. MICHAEL A. COHEN is a Fellow at the Century Foundation, Clear and Present Safety: The United States Is More Secure Than Washington Thinks, Foreign Affairs, lexis, CMR)

As the threat from transnational terrorist groups dwindles, the United States also faces few
AND
Beijing will continue to prefer a strong United States to a weak one.
Plans attempt to increase US power kills relations with China- viewed as aggressive containment
Friedberg 11 (July/August, Aaron L., professor of politics and international affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Hegemony with Chinese Characteristics, The National Interest, lexis)

But the mistrust between Washington and Beijing is not a one-way street—
AND
S. democracies, and informs China’s own policies to counter that influence.

1AC
SMRs (Grid, Basing)

1NC
Financial incentives T
Incremental Funding CP
Immigration Politics
Biofuel Tradeoff DA
Renewable Tradeoff DA

2NC
Renewable DA
Biofuel Tradeoff (kicked, but conceded no resource war as impact D to the aff)
Case

1NR
Politics

2NR
Politics
Case