Tournament: UMKC | Round: Octos | Opponent: Texas FL | Judge: Topp Feldman Maurer
Soon 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The aff must be a restriction on the volume of oil that is extracted- not the location
EIA No Date EIA Glossary “Production” http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm
Production, crude oil:  The volumes of crude oil that are extracted from oil reservoirs. These volumes are determined through measurement of the volumes delivered from lease storage tanks or at the point of custody transfer, with adjustment for (1) net differences between opening and closing lease inventories and (2) basic sediment and water. Crude oil used on the lease is considered production.
Our interp is preferable
Key to preserving limits- the topic can get huge if anything relating to energy production is topical- there are millions of restrictions that could indirectly prevent us from getting oil out of the ground
EIA is the most predictable and precise definition- defining topic actor means our interpretation should be preferred as the least arbitrary- requiring the restriction to be on production is the most grammatical interp of the resolution as well

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Fiscal cliff deal now- insiders agree- PC is key to maintain compromise- failure collapses the economy
Hall and Lightman 11-8 Kevin G. Hall and David Lightman 11-8-2012 Kansas City Star “Put up or shut up time for Congress, Obama on fiscal cliff” http://www.kansascity.com/2012/11/08/3907178/put-up-or-shut-up-time-for-congress.html
Lawmakers sent mixed signals this week about serious negotiations vs. driving briefly off the
AND
results in a 3 or 4 percentage point swing between contraction and growth.

Huge backlash to drilling in ANWR
NRDC 2011 National Resources Defense Council, 12/19/2011, “Arctic Wildlife Refuge: Why Trash an American Treasure for a Tiny Percentage of Our Oil Needs?” http://www.nrdc.org/land/wilderness/arctic.asp
Congress has received hundreds of thousands of emails, faxes and phone calls from citizens
AND
drill in the refuge would result in lower gas prices for American consumers.

Fiscal Cliff failure destroys Middle East security – impact is war
Hutchison 9/21 U.S. Senator from the great state of Texas, 9/21/2012
(Kay Bailey, “A Looming Threat to National Security,” States News Service, Lexis)
Despite warnings of the dire consequences, America is teetering at the edge of a
AND
the harsh tax increases that could stall economic growth and punish working families.

Those escalate
James A. Russell (managing editor of Strategic Insights, senior lecturer in the Department of National Security Affairs at NPS, From 1988-2001 held a variety of positions in the Office of the Assistant Secretary Defense for International Security Affairs, Near East South Asia, Department of Defense) Spring 2009 “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” http://www.analyst-network.com/articles/141/StrategicStabilityReconsideredProspectsforEscalationandNuclearWarintheMiddleEast.pdf
Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)
AND
the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on oil drilling on federal lands with the exception of ANWR.  
The Counterplan pic’s out of restrictions on arctic drilling- that’s key to preserving biodiversity
Fiorucci 2012 Dan Fiorucci 8-30-2012 “Shell Gets Go Ahead for Drilling in Chukchi -- With Restrictions” http://articles.ktuu.com/2012-08-30/arctic-challenger_33506259
Until the containment vessel can travel to the arctic, Salazar has placed restrictions on
AND
spill of 2010 -- the largest spill in U.S. History. 

Arctic marine ecosystems are key to broader ocean biodiversity- drilling destroys it
Cunningham 2012 Nicholas Cunningham Policy Analyst at the American Security Project July 19, 2012 The Arctic Institute, “Offshore Oil Drilling in the U.S. Arctic, Part Three: Concerns and Recommendations” http://www.thearcticinstitute.org/2012/07/offshore-oil-drilling-in-us-arctic-part_19.html
The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas are home to a diverse array of marine life,
AND
Sea, where bowhead whales migrate to during the spring months.iv

Biodiversity key to survival.
Young, 10, Dr Ruth Young, PhD specialising in coastal marine ecology. 2-9-2010, “Biodiversity: what it is and why it’s important”, http://www.talkingnature.com/2010/02/biodiversity/biodiversity-what-and-why/
Different species within ecosystems fill particular roles, they all have a function, they
AND
on this planet possible and that our protection of biodiversity maintains this service.

• • 2NC 

2NC
Arctic PIC
A.  Impacts previously underestimated
Science Daily, 11, 8-19-2011, “Biodiversity Critical for Maintaining Multiple 'Ecosystem Services'“, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110819155422.htm
By combining data from 17 of the largest … be a good precautionary approach."
B.  reversibility
Cass R. Sunstein () 2007 “WORST-CASE SCENARIOS” p. 176-7, Harry Kalven Visitng Professor, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School but is currently on leave to serve as the Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration, and
In ordinary life, our judgments about … more aggressive measures than would otherwise seem justified.5
c. invisible tipping point
Science Daily, 11, 3-3-2011, “Loss of Plant Diversity Threatens Earth's Life-Support Systems, Experts Say”, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110303153116.htm
Biodiversity loss in the real world … we risk crossing a threshold that we can't come back from."
Artic is ecological tipping point
Michael Engelhard August 6, 2012(Master's degree in anthropology from the University of Alaska “We cannot drill our way out of this mess: A review of Arctic Voices” http://www.hcn.org/hcn/issues/44.13/we-cannot-drill-our-way-out-of-this-mess-a-review-of-arctic-voices)
The Arctic is the planet's ecological … of how much oil is left to extract."
The Alaskan shelf is considered separate as part of OCSLA
Cunningham 2012 [Nicholas Cunningham Policy Analyst at the American Security Project July 12, 2012 The Arctic Institute “Offshore Oil Drilling in the U.S. Arctic, Part One: Legal Context” http://www.thearcticinstitute.org/2012/07/offshore-oil-drilling-in-us-arctic-part.html]
In order to codify federal control … oil drilling in the OCS.[xi]
There are restrictions on Alaskan drilling
Spakovsky and Loris 12 [Hans, Senior Legal Fellow / Manager, Civil Justice Reform Initiative, and Nicholas, Herbert and Joyce Morgan Fellow, 8/13/12, "Offshore Drilling: Increase Access, Reduce the Risk, and Stop Hurting American Companies" The Heritage Foundation http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/08/offshore-drilling-increase-access-reduce-the-risk-and-stop-hurting-american-companies]
The recent lease sale in the … the world market, thereby lowering gas prices.[9]
The aff also lifts restrictions on when they can drill in the Arctic
Callus 2012 [Andrew Callus 9-17-2012 NBC News “Shell admits Arctic drilling defeat, for now” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/49066128/ns/business-oil_and_energy/#.UFkqsHKUfpg]
Shell had until September 24 to … nearby. Drillers there have yet to get a drill bit into the seabed.
 “Federal lands” means both onshore and offshore
Politfact April 18, 2012
http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2012/apr/13/crossroads-gps/crossroads-gps-ad-oil-production-obama/ Crossroads GPS ad says oil production … for the statistic it quoted from Greenwire.
The northern slope includes federal lands
Brent Sheets, NETL (Nat’l Energy Tech Lab), Arctic Energy Office, April 2009
NETL Contact: Brent Sheets Manager Arctic Energy Office Prepared by: Charles P. Thomas–RDS, LLC/SAIC Walter B. North–RDS, LLC/SAIC Tom C. Doughty–Consultant David M. Hite–Consultant National Energy Technology Laboratory http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/publications/AEO/ANS_Potential.pdf ALASKA NORTH SLOPE OIL AND GAS: A … in the exploration areas described in the geology section, Section 2, are also presented.
Aff uniquely opens ANWR
John Barrasso, Chair, Senate Republican Policy Committee, July 25, 2012
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CD0QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpc.senate.gov%2Fdownload%2Fobama-energy-plan&ei=mMOdUKyEIoPf0QHYgYGgBQ&usg=AFQjCNFDPt5blAjwVhHgdN3SQTIZlu2_mQ  Obama’s No New Access Energy Plan Continued Campaign Against Energy Exploration
Data Acquisition: The ANWR has a …. These wells have found at least six oil and (or) gas accumulations.
Oil companies say the trans-Alaska oil pipeline will last until 2044 – FERC agreements ensure investment recovery
Dermot Cole, “Oil companies predict trans Alaska pipeline to run for decades,” Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, October 25, 2012, http://newsminer.com/view/full_story/20619447/article-Oil-companies-predict-trans-Alaska-pipeline-to-run-for-decades?instance=dermot_cole_column, accessed 11-10-2012.
The oil companies say we should not … accelerated schedule that increased profits.
No Alaskan secession – Alaskan Constitution, impossibility to hold office
Megan Holland, “No secession vote for Alaska, state Supreme Court rules,” Anchorage Daily News, January 22, 2010, http://www.adn.com/2010/01/22/1106430/no-secession-vote-for-alaska-state.html, accessed 11-9-2012.
The Alaska Supreme Court has … overthrow of the U.S. government.¶
Competition over the arctic is taking an extremely slow pace. There will be a diplomatic solution
Bronwen Maddox May 14, 2009 "Kremlin keeps up James Bond theme with talk of Arctic war" <http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/bronwen_maddox/article6283108.ece>
This has the air of a stunt, and in … given up hope of diplomatic solution.
No arctic wars
James Collins et. al June 24, 2009 "The Arctic Challenge" (conclusions of a joint panel of experts from Dartmouth College and the Carnigee endowment) <http://www.carnegieendowment.org/events/?fa=eventDetail&id=1359&prog=zgp&proj=zdrl>
-Conflict over resources and … towards the Arctic.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Energy production is inseparable from capitalist growth—their narrow lens framing is complicit through excusing avoidance and propping up destructive forces
Clark and York ’8 Brett Clark, assistant professor of sociology at North Carolina State University, and Richard York, coeditor of Organization %26 Environment and associate professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, "Rifts and Shifts: Getting to the Root of Environmental Crises," Monthly Review, Vol. 60, Issue 06, November 2008
The development of energy production technologies provides one of the best examples of rifts and
AND
forces to continue to operate, as they create additional ecological rifts.18
The alternative is to do nothing – this solves the inevitability of capitalism
Zizek 08—Senior Research @ Institute for Social Studies-Ljubljana Slavoj, Violence, p. 207-217
While the parallel holds, the concluding characterisation seems to fall short: the unsettling
AND
violent enough. Sometimes doing nothing is the most violent thing to do.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Energy production is inseparable from capitalist growth—their narrow lens framing is complicit through excusing avoidance and propping up destructive forces
Clark and York ’8 Brett Clark, assistant professor of sociology at North Carolina State University, and Richard York, coeditor of Organization %26 Environment and associate professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, "Rifts and Shifts: Getting to the Root of Environmental Crises," Monthly Review, Vol. 60, Issue 06, November 2008
The development of energy production technologies provides one of the best examples of rifts and
AND
forces to continue to operate, as they create additional ecological rifts.18
The alternative is to do nothing – this solves the inevitability of capitalism
Zizek 08—Senior Research @ Institute for Social Studies-Ljubljana Slavoj, Violence, p. 207-217
While the parallel holds, the concluding characterisation seems to fall short: the unsettling
AND
violent enough. Sometimes doing nothing is the most violent thing to do.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Drilling here makes no dent in unemployment
Krugman 2012 Paul Krugman Nobel Prize Economist March 15, 2012, New York Times, “Natural Born Drillers” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/opinion/krugman-natural-born-drillers.html?_r=1,%208/4/12
Meanwhile, what about jobs? I have to admit that I started laughing when
AND
, baby, drill can cure our jobs deficit is basically a joke.

Oil companies don’t have to add jobs to drill more
Shogan 2011 Cindy Shogan has been the Executive Director of the Alaska Wilderness League since 1998. Cindy received the Wilburforce Foundation's Conservation Leadership Award November 3, 2011 US News and World Report “Drilling in ANWR Will Not Solve Our National Energy Crisis” http://www.usnews.com/debate-club/is-it-time-to-drill-in-the-arctic-refuge/drilling-in-anwr-will-not-solve-our-national-energy-crisis
Any claims about job growth from domestic drilling are met with this stark reality:
AND
other time in our history. And, they are making record profits.
Their jobs numbers are inflated
Goodell 2012 Jeff Goodell 9-14-2012 Rolling Stone Magazine “Mitt Romney's Disastrous Energy Plan” http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/mitt-romneys-disastrous-energy-plan-20120914
During his speech in New Mexico, Romney claimed that expanding oil and gas production
AND
, estimates that it will create only 6,500 jobs a year.
U.S. economy improving even more than experts predicted – jobs, manufacturing, consumer confidence
Steven C. Johnson and Lucy Hornby, “GLOBAL ECONOMY-Asian factories, U.S. jobs show improvement,” Reuters, November 1, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/01/global-economy-pmis-idUSL5E8M19M120121101, accessed 11-1-2012.
Private U.S. firms¶ stepped up hiring last month and factories showed
AND
Purchasing Managers' Index,¶ boosting hopes for economic improvement in the fourth quarter.
Econ collapse doesn’t cause war – prefer our studies
Samuel Bazzi (Department of Economics at University of California San Diego) and Christopher Blattman (assistant professor of political science and economics at Yale University) November 2011 “Economic Shocks and Conflict: The (Absence of?) Evidence from Commodity Prices” http://www.chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2011.EconomicShocksAndConflict.pdf?9d7bd4
VI. Discussion and conclusions A. Implications for our theories of political instability and
AND
a lower threshold of evidence for initially significant results than ambiguous ones.20

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Diplomacy outweighs – both sides want peace
Stratfor March 8, 2012 “Signs of U.S.-Iranian Truce” http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/signs-us-iranian-truce
By continuing to advocate a diplomatic approach, Obama has risked the domestic political fallout
AND
he seeks re-election, there are signs of a fragile truce.
No Iran heg – they are in retreat now
Abdulkhaleq Abdullah (professor of political science at Emirates University. He holds a PhD in Political science from Georgetown University) January 31, 2012 “Iran is running out of steam” http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/iran-is-running-out-of-steam-1.973539
After nearly a decade of regional expansion, Iran is in for a strategic retreat
AND
are crippling and Iran can do nothing about them except make counterproductive threats.
No Iran prolif – if they do its slow and small
Jacques Hymans (Associate Professor, School of International Relations. University of Southern California) January 17, 2012 “Crying wolf about an Iranian nuclear bomb” http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/op-eds/crying-wolf-about-iranian-nuclear-bomb
Crying wolf. As strategic analysts Anthony Cordesman and Khalil al-Rodhan remind us
AND
-size nuclear device -- let alone a bona fide nuclear weapons arsenal?

No nuclear terrorism –statistically insignificant cumulative probability
John Mueller (Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies, Mershon Center, and is professor of Political Science, at Ohio State University) 2010 “Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al Qaeda” p, 187-190
Assigning a probability that terrorists will be able to overcome each barrier is, of
AND
secured than they were 10 or , .-s 15 years ago.19

Not an existential threat – no overreaction
John Mueller (Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies, Mershon Center, and is professor of Political Science, at Ohio State University) 2010 “Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al Qaeda” p. 232
From this perspective, then, rhetorical declamations insisting that terrorism poses an existential threat
AND
inspiration and encouragement they receive from the unintentional cheerleaders among their distant enemies.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Scarcity forces cooperation
Commander Jim Cooney United States Navy 18 MAR 2005 “Chinese Oil Dependence Opportunities and Challenge” USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA432502
China's dependence on oil presents both challenges and opportunities. A secure source of oil
AND
and maintaining deterrent forces to prevent conflict over the common need for oil.

No war now
Ackerman 2011 (Robert Ackerman, May 10, 2011, “War Between China, U.S. Not Likely,” http://www.afcea.org/signal/signalscape/index.php/2011/05/10/11510/)
The United States and China are not likely to go to war with each other
AND
of refugees streaming into Manchuria, which has economic problems of its own.
The aff ensures the Chinese pass us- cheaper oil is better for them than us
Hulbert 11/07 Matthew Hulbert Lead Analyst at European Energy Review and consultant to a number of governments and institutional investors, most recently as Senior Research Fellow, Netherlands Institute for International Relations 11/07/2012 Forbes “Obama Ground Zero: Why Cheap American Energy Is The Death Of American Power” http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewhulbert/2012/11/07/obama-ground-zero-why-cheap-american-energy-is-the-death-of-american-power/2/
Sure, access to decent U.S. technology is useful for China to
AND
the bottom of the barrel. China gets rich. China gets powerful.

Aff causes Chines expansion into the Indian Ocean- kills Sino-Indian relations
Michael Richardson is a visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies 7 June, 2012 “Thirst for energy driving China's foreign policy” South African Foreign Policy Initiative http://www.safpi.org/news/article/2012/thirst-energy-driving-chinas-foreign-policy
As America gains energy security in a time of cost-cutting, it will
AND
try to use its growing muscle to protect an expanding sphere of influence.

Sino-India war escalates over the Indian Ocean
Dan Darling is an international military markets analyst with Forecast International Inc., an aerospace and defense research company March 24, 2010 The Faster Times “Will the Indian Ocean Become the Next Arena of Great Power Conflict?” http://www.thefastertimes.com/defensespending/2010/03/24/will-the-indian-ocean-become-the-next-arena-of-great-power-conflict/
As the global balance of power continues to shift from west to east, so
AND
the Indian Ocean would be as good a place to start as any.

Reducing oil dependence causes Saudi prolif, Israel Basing and China rise
Chris Black Major, US Army April 2009 “Post Oil America and a renewable energy policy leads to the abrogation of the Middle East to China” http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a530125.pdf
In the quest to reduce the consumption of oil, the US is failing to
AND
extreme versions of Wahhabism, leading towards an even harder stance towards Israel.
Saudi Prolif causes Extinction
Eric Edelman et al (Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Former Undersecretary for Defense) and Andrew Krepinevich (President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment) and Evan Montgomery (Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) February 2011 “The dangers of a nuclear Iran” http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf
There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant outside support
AND
a single intelligence compromise could leave their weapons vulnerable to attack or theft.
Only independence causes China war- we can manage them if we are engaged- leaving encourages build up
Michael Richardson is a visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies 7 June, 2012 “Thirst for energy driving China's foreign policy” South African Foreign Policy Initiative http://www.safpi.org/news/article/2012/thirst-energy-driving-chinas-foreign-policy
As America gains energy security in a time of cost-cutting, it will
AND
will almost certainly resist these efforts. An intense security competition will follow."

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Minn SS | Judge: Galloway
Fiscal Cliff
Fiscal cliff deal now- insiders agree- PC is key to maintain compromise- failure collapses the economy
Hall and Lightman 11-8 Kevin G. Hall and David Lightman 11-8-2012 Kansas City Star “Put up or shut up time for Congress, Obama on fiscal cliff” http://www.kansascity.com/2012/11/08/3907178/put-up-or-shut-up-time-for-congress.html
Lawmakers sent mixed signals this week … contraction and growth.
Huge backlash to drilling in ANWR
NRDC 2011 National Resources Defense Council, 12/19/2011, “Arctic Wildlife Refuge: Why Trash an American Treasure for a Tiny Percentage of Our Oil Needs?” http://www.nrdc.org/land/wilderness/arctic.asp
Congress has received hundreds of … for American consumers.
Fiscal Cliff failure destroys Middle East security – impact is war
Hutchison 9/21 U.S. Senator from the great state of Texas, 9/21/2012
(Kay Bailey, “A Looming Threat to National Security,” States News Service, Lexis)
Despite warnings of the dire consequences, … growth and punish working families.
Those escalate
James A. Russell (managing editor of Strategic Insights, senior lecturer in the Department of National Security Affairs at NPS, From 1988-2001 held a variety of positions in the Office of the Assistant Secretary Defense for International Security Affairs, Near East South Asia, Department of Defense) Spring 2009 “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” http://www.analyst-network.com/articles/141/StrategicStabilityReconsideredProspectsforEscalationandNuclearWarintheMiddleEast.pdf
Strategic stability in the region is thus … with substantial risk for the entire world.

2NC
They only access regional conflcits, MIDDLE EAST WAR GOES NUCLEAR AND ESCULATES GLOBALLY
STEINBACH 2002John, Israeli Nuclear weapons: a threat to piece, 3/3 http://www.converge.org.nz/pma/mat0036.htm
Meanwhile, the existence of an arsenal … trigger a world conflagration."
Middle East war is uniquely likely and escalatory
James A. Russell (managing editor of Strategic Insights, senior lecturer in the Department of National Security Affairs at NPS, From 1988-2001 held a variety of positions in the Office of the Assistant Secretary Defense for International Security Affairs, Near East South Asia, Department of Defense) Spring 2009 “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” http://www.analyst-network.com/articles/141/StrategicStabilityReconsideredProspectsforEscalationandNuclearWarintheMiddleEast.pdf
Strategic stability in the region is …miscalculation or the pressures of wartime circumstance.
TF, Prob – Regional developments make nuclear escalation likely
Blank 2001 (Stephen- prof @ Strategic Studies Institute @ US Army War College, World and I, 2/1/01)
After seven or more years of … get to make another similar choice.
Senate democrats key to avoid fiscal cliff – they fear getting sold out
Jonathan Cohn November 7, 2012
http://www.tnr.com/blog/plank/109904/boehner-statement-fiscal-cliff-revenue-election-obama-leverage# How the Election Reset the “Fiscal Cliff” Debate
This time, Republicans probably … the priorities of the American people.
Obama and Boehner want a deal – the question is whether Obama can keep Senate Dems in line
Jennifer Rubin  |  03:05 PM ET, 11/09/2012
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/post/can-obama-make-a-deal-this-time/2012/11/09/0abb179c-2aa0-11e2-96b6-8e6a7524553f_blog.html Can Obama make a deal this time?
This is precisely where we were … nerve and skill to grab it this time.
New controversial legislation before hurricane cleanup risks defections both ways
Charlie Spiering 11-7-12
http://washingtonexaminer.com/after-bush-was-re-elected-in-2004-democrats-in-congress-did-not-compromise/article/2512871#.UJ3NI1G2VXs Commentary Staff Writer The Washington Examiner November 7, 2012  After Bush was re-… off of the fiscal cliff.

Obama has the high ground- people are willing to negotiate
Healey 11-9 Jon Healey 11-9-2012 LA Times “President Obama talks tough on the fiscal cliff” http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-obama-talks-tough-on-fiscal-cliff-20121109,0,4421577.story
Obama actually went a bit … preferences that lower their tax bills.
Major deal will happen- Obama is bringing everyone together
Wall Street Journal 11-8 Wall Street Journal 11-8-2012 “Focus Shifts to 'Fiscal Cliff'” NAFTALI BENDAVID, DAMIAN PALETTA and DAVID WESSEL http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323894704578105260044138592.html
To tackle the fiscal cliff, Mr. …we'll be there to meet him half way."
Vital to decisionmaking
Saideman 11 Steve Saideman, Associate Professor, Political Science, McGill University, “Key Constraint of Policy Relevance,” 7—25—11, http://duckofminerva.blogspot.com/2011/07/key-constraint-on-policy-relevance.html, accessed 10-2-11
\Dan Drezner has a great post today …gnash our teeth when it never happens.
The turn is a link because the timing is wrong – olive branches might work someday, but will cause a harder line Republican position in the near term – SQ executive branch approach better
Kevin Book, managing director at ClearView Energy Partners: Wednesday, November 7, 2012
http://www.eenews.net/eenewspm/2012/11/07/archive/8?terms=nuclear+obama ClearView Energy's Book discusses impact of Obama re-election, congressional outcome on energy, environment policy
Monica Trauzzi: So, Kevin, a late night. … think it starts out that way.
Nearly every Senate dem hates the plan – fiat requires getting 19 to switch votes
Jim Hoft March 14, 2012,
http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2012/03/senate-democrats-reject-keystone-pipeline-anwr-drilling-in-one-easy-vote/ Senate Democrats Reject Keystone Pipeline and ANWR Drilling In One Easy Vote
Senate Democrats rejected the …. projects across the nation.
ANWR alienates Senate Dems and moderate Republicans
By: Daniel Horowitz (Diary)  |  March 8th, 2011
http://www.redstate.com/dhorowitz3/2011/03/08/now-is-the-time-to-pass-an-anwr-bill/ Now is the Time to Pass an ANWR Bill It's time to launch a counter-offensive … war on energy independence and productivity.
Plan means breaking a democratic filibuster
Senator John Thune  Dec 21 2005
http://www.thune.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=4d5a2d02-f746-4caf-a047-2870e8e0bc95 Recent Press Releases Thune: Senate Democrats Block Vote on ANWR and $2 billion for LIHEAP Funding
Senator John Thune made the … families ahead of protests and politics."
ANWR Drilling faces resistance from Senate democrats
Laing ‘12
Keith Laing is a national political journalist who works for The Hill newspaper in Washington, D.C.  At The Hill, Keith covers transportation policy in Congress and manages the paper’s Transportation Report blog. Prior to coming to The Hill, Keith worked for the News Service of Florida, where he tracked the Florida state legislature with a focus on transportation and energy issues. The Hill February 1, 2012 – lexis  
House Republicans teed up an election-year …; this bill will prevent them from getting one.”
Tying up environment regulation risks full scale backlash
http://www.eenews.net/tv/transcript/1599 Election 2012: ClearView's Book talks Obama win, impact on energy, environment policy with new Congress  OnPoint  Kevin Book, managing director at ClearView Energy Partners, November 07, 2012
Monica Trauzzi: So, Kevin, a late … frankly, that regulatory policy is going to be left of center.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Electricity prices are dropping and will stay low
Dallas Burtraw, one of the nation’s foremost experts on environmental regulation in the electricity sector, and studies electricity restructuring, competition, and economic deregulation, “Falling Emissions and Falling Prices: Expectations for the Domestic Natural Gas Boom,” Common Resources, August 21, 2012, http://common-resources.org/2012/falling-emissions-and-falling-prices-expectations-for-the-domestic-natural-gas-boom/, accessed 10-25-2012.
Moreover, the boom in domestic natural gas production could have even more immediate affects
AND
.8 Billion (real $2009) in savings projected for 2020.
New nuclear reactors drive up electricity prices
Mark Cooper, SENIOR FELLOW FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT¶ VERMONT LAW SCHOOL, "THE ECONOMICS OF NUCLEAR REACTORS: RENAISSANCE OR RELAPSE?," 2009, http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Documents/Cooper%20Report%20on%20Nuclear%20Economics%20FINAL%5B1%5D.pdf
Within the past year, estimates of the cost of nuclear power from a new
AND
immensely to the cost of electricity and the cost of reducing carbon emissions.
Low electricity prices sustain U.S. manufacturing which is key to the economy – re-shoring, key industries
Perry 7/31/12 (Mark, Prof of Economics @ Univ. of Michigan, "America's Energy Jackpot: Industrial Natural Gas Prices Fall to the Lowest Level in Recent History," http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/07/americas-energy-jackpot-industrial.html)
Building petrochemical plants could suddenly become attractive in the United States. Manufacturers will "
AND
seems like a win, win, win, win situation to me. 

Global economic crisis causes war - strong statistical support - also causes great power transitions.
Jedediah Royal, 2010, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-14
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
popularity, are statistically linked to an increase in the use of force.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
The U.S. refuses to use prolif leadership and other countries will misinterpret
Richard Cleary, American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30
The cases above offer a common lesson: The U.S., though constrained
AND
.S. efforts at persuading countries to forgo nuclear fuel-making.
Nuclear power dying – Fukushima, natural gas, recession
Matthew L. Wald, “Nuclear Power’s Death Somewhat Exaggerated,” New York Times, April 10, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/11/business/energy-environment/nuclear-powers-death-somewhat-exaggerated.html, accessed 7-8-2012.
NUCLEAR energy is going through an odd patch. It refuses to die, but
AND
, support is plentiful for at least keeping a toe in the water.
Proliferation risks are generally low unless nuclear energy and cooperation spread – this increases the risk by 500%
Matthew Fuhrmann, Stanton nuclear security fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, research focused on international security and nuclear proliferation, current work centers on the causes and consequences of the nuclear energy renaissance, research examines topics such as nuclear weapons and coercive threats, military strikes against nuclear facilities, radiological/nuclear terrorism, and regional nuclear weapons free zones, has been an assistant professor of political science at the University of South Carolina since January 2009,  associate at the Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard's Kennedy School, served as a research fellow at Harvard University's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs,  was previously a research associate at the University of Georgia's Center for International Trade and Security, holds an MS in international affairs from Georgia Tech and a PhD in political science from the University of Georgia, “Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements,” International Security, Summer 2009, http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/isec.2009.34.1.7, accessed 9-3-2012.
Before moving to the multivariate analysis, I considered cross tabulations of nuclear cooperation agreements
AND
, nuclear aid became a necessary condition for launching a nuclear weapons program.
Nuclear energy cannot solve proliferation – does not reduce political motive
James M. Acton is a senior associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment. A physicist by training, Acton specializes in deterrence, disarmament, nonproliferation, and nuclear energy, “The Myth of Proliferation-Resistant Technology,” BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, VOL. 65, NO. 6, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2009, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2009/11/19/myth-of-proliferation-resistant-technology/bnqj, accessed 9-3-2012.
Writing in the journal Science in 1968, ecologist Garrett Hardin observed the existence of
AND
plants). Their aim is to make novel nuclear technologies "proliferation resistant."
Nuclear Energy 

IFR and Pyroprocessing are still susceptible to proliferation – just one extra chemical step is needed
Jim Green B.Med.Sci. (Hons.), PhD, honors degree in public health and was awarded a PhD in science and technology studies for his analysis of the Lucas Heights research reactor debates, studies and speaks extensively on nuclear power, national nuclear campaigner, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Generation 4' Reactors,” Friends of Earth Australia, July 2009, http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw/, accessed 7-7-2012.
In short, IFRs could produce lots of greenhouse-friendly energy and while they're
AND
sort of techniques as extracting it from spent fuel from light water reactors."
The separation of fissile material in pyroprocessing can produce 27,000 nuclear weapons
Jim Green B.Med.Sci. (Hons.), PhD, honors degree in public health and was awarded a PhD in science and technology studies for his analysis of the Lucas Heights research reactor debates, studies and speaks extensively on nuclear power, national nuclear campaigner, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Generation 4' Reactors,” Friends of Earth Australia, July 2009, http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw/, accessed 7-7-2012.
IFR advocates propose using them to draw down global stockpiles of fissile material, whether
AND
amount to over 270 tonnes, enough for 27,000 nuclear weapons.
IFRs do not eliminate nuclear waste – still produce enough radioactive and weapons material to be accident, prolif, and terrorism risks
Amory B. Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute Reprinted from Nuclear Monitor #690, June 26,
2009 http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/lovinsonifretc.pdf
IFRs are often claimed to “burn up nuclear waste” and make its “
AND
nuclear waste.” Of course, the nuclear industry wishes this were true.

Pyroprocessing leads to plutonium breeding that can be used for WMDs
Charles D. Ferguson is the president of the Federation of American Scientists, based in Washington, D.C., “Controlling Asia's Nuclear Power Tigers,” Forbes, May 4, 2010, http://www.forbes.com/2010/05/04/asia-nuclear-power-markets-economy-national-security.html, accessed 7-7-2012.
Some South Korean nuclear industry officials believe a possible solution is to build a pyro
AND
fast reactors is that this technology can also breed lots of weapons plutonium.
No cascade of proliferation – it’s all alarmist rhetoric
Muthia Alagappa, 2008, Distinguished Senior Fellow, East-West Center, “The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia,” accesed: 1-6-09,  p. 521-2, Google Books
It will be useful at this juncture to address more directly the set of instability
AND
the drivers of national and regional security in Iran and the Middle East. 

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
No impact to anthropogenic warming – multiple reasons*
Peter Ferrara, 3-1-2012, Director of Entitlement and Budget Policy for the Heartland Institute, General Counsel for the American Civil Rights Union, and Senior Fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis, Forbes, “Fakegate: The Obnoxious Fabrication of Global Warming,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterferrara/2012/03/01/fakegate-the-obnoxious-fabrication-of-global-warming/3/
The bottom line is that the temperature records are not consistent with the theory that
AND
tremendous opportunity for gaining the regulatory and taxation powers of a world government.
Warming models overblown - C02 is good for the environment – be skeptical of their evidence.
Claude Allegre et. al, 2-23-2012,  former director of the Institute for the Study of the Earth, University of Paris, J. Scott Armstrong, cofounder of the Journal of Forecasting and the International Journal of Forecasting, Jan Breslow, head of the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, Roger Cohen, fellow, American Physical Society, Edward David, member, National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Sciences, William Happer, professor of physics, Princeton, Michael Kelly, professor of technology, University of Cambridge, U.K., William Kininmonth, former head of climate research at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Richard Lindzen, professor of atmospheric sciences, MIT, James McGrath, professor of chemistry, Virginia Technical University, Rodney Nichols, former president and CEO of the New York Academy of Sciences, Burt Rutan, aerospace engineer, designer of Voyager and SpaceShipOne, Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 astronaut and former U.S. senator, Nir Shaviv, professor of astrophysics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Henk Tennekes, former director, Royal Dutch Meteorological Service, Antonio Zichichi, president of the World Federation of Scientists, Geneva, The Wall Street Journal, “No Need to Panic About Global Warming,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204301404577171531838421366.html
The lack of warming for more than a decade—indeed, the smaller-
AND
. Many were sent to the gulag and some were condemned to death.
Green house gas emissions are key to staving off the next ice-age – decrease in emissions causes run-away cooling.
Andrew A. Lacis et. al, 10-15-2010, M
AND
, "Atmospheric CO2: Principal Control Knob Governing Earth's Temperature,” Science Direct
If the global atmospheric temperatures were to fall to as low as TS = TE
AND
by inference, that escape from the snowball Earth condition is also achievable.
Ice age causes extinction - outweighs warming.
Phil Chapman, 4-23-2008, geophysicist and astronautical engineer, degree in Physics and Mathematics from Sydney University, a master of science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), The Australian, “Sorry to ruin the fun, but an ice age cometh,” http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/sorry-to-ruin-the-fun-but-an-ice-age-cometh/story-e6frg73o-1111116134873
What is scary about the picture is that there is only one tiny sunspot.
AND
in the bowels of Christ, think it possible you may be mistaken."
No impact or link between climate change for resource wars.
Hans Günter Brauch, February 2008, Adj. Professor, Free University of Berlin, Otto-Suhr Institute, Berlin Fellow, Institute on Environment and Human Security of the United Nations University (UNU-EHS) in Bonn, Chairman, Peace Research and European Security Studies, ISA Peace Studies Section with Environmental Studies Section, “Securitizing Climate Change,” p. 8, Ebsco Host
However, their conflict definition excludes small-scale violence, e.g.
AND
-linear interactions that may lead to tipping points of the climate system.
No resource wars
Idean Salehyan (Professor of Political Science at the University of North Texas) May 2008 “From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet*” Journal of Peace Research, vol. 45, no. 3 http://emergingsustainability.org/files/resolver%20climate%20change%20and%20conflict.pdf
First, the deterministic view has poor predictive power as to where and when conflicts
AND
livelihoods. Political sensitivity to peaceful action can immunize states from armed insurrection.
No water wars – all the data is on our side
Masimba Biriwasha. "Will Water Fuel an Armageddon?" ECO Worldy. 9 July 2008. http://ecoworldly.com/2008/07/09/will-water-fuel-an-armageddon/
There is no consensus among water analysts on whether there will be global wars over
AND
management of water resources that will likely unravel previous international cooperation around water.

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Conflict now is highly likely given other economic stressors
Mootry 9 (Primus, B.A. Northern Illinois University “Americans likely to face more difficult times” - The Herald Bulletin, http://www.theheraldbulletin.com/columns/local_story_282184703.html?keyword=secondarystory)
These are difficult times. The direct and indirect costs associated with the war on
AND
spark could lead to global conflagration.This evidence has been gender paraphrased.
Econ decline tanks nuke power – undermines necessary investment
Simpson 9 (Fiona, associate director of New York University's Center on International Cooperation, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, "The recession alone won't stop nuclear power's growth," http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-recession-alone-wont-stop-nuclear-powers-growth)
None of the IAEA's projections, however, account for the financial crisis, which
AND
as the World Bank, tend to prohibit investment in new nuclear projects.
Turns proliferation… desperation is a catalyst for hasty decisions like proliferating… their prolif impacts are all about miscalc which is more likely in economic decline, also turns resource wars
Bernardo V. Lopez BusinessWorld 9/10/1998, HEADLINE: Global recession phase two: Catastrophic (Private sector views)  
   What would it be like if global recession becomes full bloom? The results
AND
on the use of force and its superiority to get its ways internationally.  
High energy prices jack up food prices – means drastic cuts in food aid
Tom Capehart, Specialist in Agricultural Policy¶ Resources, Science and Industry Division, and ¶ Joe Richardson¶ Specialist in Domestic Social Policy¶ Domestic Social Policy Division, “Food Price Inflation: Causes and Impacts,” Congressional Research Service, April 10, 2008, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22859_20080410.pdf, accessed 10-25-2012.
Higher commodity and food prices reduce our ability to provide food aid to other¶
AND
world’s poorest people to spend a larger proportion of their income on food.  
Chemical industry key to solve disease mutation
NRC 02
National Research Council Committee on Challenges for Chemical Sciences in the 21st century “National Security and Homeland Defense” -- P 28.
Many drugs are produced by either chemical synthesis or biosynthetic processes. Recent advances in
AND
required to expedite discovery of synthesis sequences for large-scale drug preparation.
Mutations ensure extinction
Yu 9
Victoria Yu, Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, “Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate”, 5-22-09 http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate
A pandemic will kill off all humans.¶ In the past, humans have indeed
AND
could only infect birds — into a human-viable strain (10).
Energy prices are low now – 

1. Electricity prices are still decreasing in relation to the market – price shifts are stable and only due to weather
   EIA, “SHORT-TERM ENERGY AND WINTER FUELS OUTLOOK,” U.S. Energy Information Administration, October 10, 2012, http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/report/electricity.cfm, accessed 10-25-2012.
   During this past winter, U.S. heating degree days during the fourth
   AND
   .7 percent in 2012 and by 0.3 percent in 2013.
   2. Even if electricity prices rise, it will be small and stable with the broader trend still being a decline in prices
   EIA, “Short-term energy outlook," September 11, 2011, http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/report/electricity.cfm
   EIA expects the nominal U.S. residential electricity price will rise by 1.0 percent during 2012 to an average of 11.91 cents per kilowatthour. During 2013, U.S. residential retail electricity prices increase 0.9 percent over the average 2012 price. When measured in real terms, the U.S. residential electricity price declines by an annual average of 0.8 percent in both 2012 and 2013.
   3. U.S. court decisions guarantee no regulation-induced price increases
   Platts Energy Week 8/27/12 ("Platts Energy Week TV: Analyst Sees $2 drop in U.S. Electricity Prices," http://www.platts.com/PressReleases/2012/082712/No)
   A U.S. federal court decision last week striking down the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) attempt at regulating interstate emissions from coal-fired power plants will likely mean electricity prices will drop between $1 and $2 per megawatt hour (MWh) over the next two years, an analyst for Standard and Poor's said Sunday on the all-energy news and talk program Platts Energy Week.
   4. Their evidence is a snapshot of U.S. energy markets – prefer predictive evidence accounting for inflation
   ACCCE 12 (American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, "Energy Cost Impacts on American Families,
   2001-2012," Feb., http://www.americaspower.org/sites/default/files/Energy_Cost_Impacts_2012_FINAL.pdf)
   Electricity is the bargain among all consumer energy products. Among consumer ¶ energy goods
   AND
   gasoline have nearly doubled and tripled, ¶ respectively, over this period.
   5. Any increase in natural gas prices is managed on electric bills through a switch back to coal which is decreasing in price
   Scott DiSavino, “U.S. utilities may return to coal as natgas prices rise,” Reuters, September 27, 2012, http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/09/27/us-utilities-coal-gas-idINBRE88Q11S20120927, accessed 10-25-2012.
   The recent rise in U.S. natural gas prices and decline in coal
   AND
   Inc (GEN.N) and FirstEnergy Corp (FE.N).
   2. High risk of nuclear energy means rates increase immediately, people start shifting away from natural gas – advanced cost recovery, breaks down consumer protection
   Cooper 3/19/12 (Mark, Senior Fellow for Economic Analysis, Institute for Energy and the Environment - Vermont Law School, "Nuclear Power," http://iowa.sierraclub.org/Nuclear/nuclearhome.htm)
   The effort by the Senate Commerce Committee to put a consumer protection band aid over
   AND
   reward gives the utility strong incentives to maximize profits at the expense of ratepayers 

and strips the Utility Board of the powers necessary to protect ratepayers. Notwithstanding the
AND
by MidAmerican electricity customers will be higher than they could and should be.
3. Even failed projects jack up costs – high upfront costs guarantees that ratepayers bear the burden
Travis Madsen et al,  Analyst @ Frontier Group and Maryland PIRG Foundation, Johanna Neumann @ Maryland PIRG Foundation, and Emily Rusch @ CalPIRG Education Fund, "The High Cost of Nuclear Power,"  2009, http://www.nirs.org/nukerelapse/calvert/highcostnpower_mdpirg.pdf
N o power company has successfully ¶ ordered a nuclear reactor in the ¶ United
AND
nuclear power plant owners (and¶ their shareholders) from huge losses.
No accidents – US-Russian measures.
Ford, 2008 (Dr. Christopher A., Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Technology and Global Security at the Hudson Institute in Washington. D.C. He previously served as U.S. Special Representative for Nuclear Nonproliferation, and as a Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, “Dilemmas of Nuclear Force “De-Alerting”” October 7)
• De-alerting is not the only way to reduce accident risks. Unlike
AND
valuable as a transparency and confidence-building measure in time of crisis.)
No Russian accidents – three reasons (severed communication links, disengaged detonation systems, and authorization codes).
Busch, 2004 (Nathan E., “No end in sight: the continuing menace of nuclear proliferation” p. 107-8)
Russia has instituted a number of technical and procedural controls that greatly reduce the chance
AND
that the risk of an accidental ICBM launch is currently quite small.’’

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Countries will not give up weapons programs – political motivations, avoid technical constraints
Richard Cleary, American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30
The examples above show the limitations of both demand and supply side efforts. Supply
AND
, have not materialized and therefore seem to have had little tangible influence.
Countries make nuclear decisions based off of internal issues
Jeffrey Lewis, director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation, August 1, 2012, It's Not as Easy as 1-2-3, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/01/it_s_not_as_easy_as_1_2_3?page=full
Creating market incentives to discourage the spread of enrichment and reprocessing seems like a reasonable
AND
developing states might try to copy them rather than simply become their customers.
Nations have already moved on from U.S. prolif leadership
Fred McGoldrick, CSIS, spent 30 years at the U.S. State and Energy Departments and at the U.S. mission to the IAEA, negotiated peaceful nuclear cooperation agreements with a number of countries and helped shape the policy of the United States to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, November 30, 2010, The U.S.-UAE Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: A Gold Standard or Fool’s Gold?, http://csis.org/files/publication/101130_McGoldrick_USUAENuclear.pdf
In sum, the United States is facing an uphill battle to compete in the
AND
export capacities, which in some cases are state run or state supported.
It doesn’t matter what the intention is of a nuclear power system – over 20 countries have used this as a cover for weapons development
Jim Green, B.Med.Sci. (Hons.), PhD, honors degree in public health and was awarded a PhD in science and technology studies for his analysis of the Lucas Heights research reactor debates, studies and speaks extensively on nuclear power, national nuclear campaigner, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Generation 4' Reactors,” Friends of Earth Australia, July 2009, http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw/, accessed 7-7-2012.
IFRs and other plutonium-based nuclear power concepts fail the WMD proliferation test,
AND
research and five countries developed nuclear weapons under cover of a civil program.
Pyroreprocessing becomes more of a threat for proliferation as it progresses technologically
Daniel Horner, “Pyroprocessing Is Reprocessing: U.S. Official,” Arms Control Association, April 2011, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2011_04/Pyroprocessing, accessed 7-6-2012.
In what appears to be the U.S. government’s strongest public statement to
AND
as unequivocal as Stratford’s. (See ACT, July/August 2009.)
The opaque nature of modern proliferation ensures stability – tacit communication virtually negates the possibility of preemptive strikes between nuclear states*
Devin T. Hagerty (lecturer in International Politics in the Department of Government and Public Administration at the University of Sydney, Australia) 1998 “The Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation; Lessons from South Asia” p 58-9
AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW. These views of opacity's impact on crisis stability are debatable.
AND
Contrary to the prevailing wisdom, opacity enhances rather than diminishes this caution.

 After all, opaque nuclear forces are even less attractive targets for a nuclear
AND
could confidently pinpoint these develop¬ments, which one would constitute the moment of inevitability
No cascade of proliferation
Marko Beljac (PhD from Monash University) April 2010 “Have We Really Reached a Nuclear Tipping Point?”, Nuclear Resonances, http://scisec.net/?p=338
The image invokes what in network theory is called a global cascade. The cascade
AND
. Thus far North Korean proliferation has not led to a localised cascade. 

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Warming not real – satellite data, ice measurements, and weak correlation.
Randall Hoven, 5-3-2012, Boeing Technical Fellow, adjunct professor in the Engineering School of Southern Illinois University,  Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, American Thinker, “Global Warming Melts Away,” http://www.americanthinker.com/2012/05/global_warming_melts_away.html
Correlating Temperature and CO2. The chart below shows global temperatures vs. measured atmospheric
AND
June temperatures between Flagstaff and Yuma, Arizona (about 16 deg C).
Growing consensus of scientists find alarmist warming models wrong – natural oscillations from solar irradiance and ocean-atmosphere interaction.
Norman Paterson, March 2011, is a Professional Engineer and Consulting Geophysicist with 60 years’ experience in Mineral and Environmental Geophysics, he obtained his Ph. D in Geophysics at the University of Toronto, and was elected Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, Geoscience Canada, Vol. 38 Issue 1, “Global Warming: A Critique of the Anthropogenic Model and its Consequences,” p. 41, Ebsco Host
According to popular belief, recent global warming has been caused largely by greenhouse gases
AND
alarmism, which may fundamentally affect the direction of the climate change debate.
Peer-reviewed studies show anthropogenic warming isn’t happening – too many natural factors.
Norman Paterson, March 2011, is a Professional Engineer and Consulting Geophysicist with 60 years’ experience in Mineral and Environmental Geophysics, he obtained his Ph. D in Geophysics at the University of Toronto, and was elected Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, Geoscience Canada, Vol. 38 Issue 1, “Global Warming: A Critique of the Anthropogenic Model and its Consequences,” p. 42-4, Ebsco Host
It is likely that the cyclical warming and cooling of the earth results from a
AND
effect of anthropogenic CO2 accumulated in the modern industrial era (IPCC 2001).
Temperature fluctuations over 2000 years disprove anthropogenic warming.
Horst-Joachim Lüdecke, 2011, University for geosciences and physics of Saarland, Ewert of the European Institute for Climate and Energy, Energy and Environment, Vol. 22 Issue 6, “Long-Term Instrumental and Reconstructed Temperature Records Contradict Anthropogenic Global Warming,” p. 741-2, Ebsco Host
Instrumental records going back a maximum of about 250 years from the present show the
AND
year-long rises and falls in temperature over the last 2000 years.
Climategate has shown anthropogenic warming lacks any scientific validity – manipulation of information and political momentum
J. Scott Armstrong et. al, 2011, is an author, forecasting
AND
Forecasting for the Manmade Global Warming Alarm,” p. 1099, Ebsco Host
Global warming alarmists have used improper procedures and, most importantly, have violated the
AND
predictions of serious environmental harm that could only be averted at great cost.”
Anthropogenic warming predictions are false – they don’t past any tests used for scientific validity.
J. Scott Armstrong et. al, 2011, is an author, forecasting
AND
the Manmade Global Warming Alarm,” p. 1091-2, Ebsco Host
The validity of the manmade global warming alarm requires the support of scientific forecasts of
AND
the 23 interventions was effective and harm was caused by 20 of them.
Anthropogenic GHG emissions key to prevent an ice age.
Chronis Tzedakis et. al, 1-9-2012, Professor of Physical Geography at University College London, James Channell, Professor in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Florida, David Hodell, Professor at the Department of Earth Sciences at the Universit of Cambridge, Luke Skinner, Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNI Research, Nature Geoscience, “Determining the natural length of the current interglacial,” http://www.nature.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ngeo/journal/v5/n2/pdf/ngeo1358.pdf
No glacial inception is projected to occur at the current atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 390
AND
increase in ice volume 4 to large increases in perennial ice cover 6 .
More evidence.
Chronis Tzedakis et. al, 1-9-2012, Professor of Physical Geography at University College London, James Channell, Professor in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Florida, David Hodell, Professor at the Department of Earth Sciences at the Universit of Cambridge, Luke Skinner, Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, UNI Research, Nature Geoscience, “Determining the natural length of the current interglacial,” http://www.nature.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/ngeo/journal/v5/n2/pdf/ngeo1358.pdf
No glacial inception is projected to occur at the current atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 390
AND
1500 years, if atmospheric CO2 concentrations did not exceed 240  5 ppmv.

Human induced warming key to staves off an ice age.
Freeman Dyson, 2007, professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, “HERETICAL THOUGHTS ABOUT SCIENCE AND SOCIETY,” http://www.edge.org/documents/archive/edge219.html#dysonf
Another environmental danger that is even more poorly understood is the possible coming of a
AND
of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing or decreasing the danger.
We can adapt to warming – the coming ice age comparatively outweighs.
James Reynolds. 6-7-2005, Environment Correspondent, The Scotsman, “Global warming 'less threat to diversity than habitat damage by man',” http://search.proquest.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/327190917
*cites Prof. Godfrey Hewitt an evolutionary biologist at the University of East Anglia*
GLOBAL warming may not have the catastrophic effect on the diversity of the world's species
AND
loss of genetic diversity, although this probably poses no threat to humans.
Warming can't cause an ice age - models ignore currents and winds.
Curt Stager, 2011, Biology and geology Ph.D. from Duke University, paleoclimatologist, Deep future: the next 100,000 years of life on Earth, p. 17-9, Google Books
But wait. Isn't global warming supposed to trigger the next ice age? Isn't
AND
that would require colder, rather than warmer, conditions in the future.

Tournament: Wake  | Round: 7 | Opponent: Liberty | Judge:
Energy production is inseparable from capitalist growth—their narrow lens framing is complicit through excusing avoidance and propping up destructive forces
Clark and York ’8 Brett Clark, assistant professor of sociology at North Carolina State University, and Richard York, coeditor of Organization %26 Environment and associate professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, "Rifts and Shifts: Getting to the Root of Environmental Crises," Monthly Review, Vol. 60, Issue 06, November 2008
The development of energy production technologies provides one of the best examples of rifts and
AND
forces to continue to operate, as they create additional ecological rifts.18
The alternative is to do nothing – this solves the inevitability of capitalism
Zizek 08—Senior Research @ Institute for Social Studies-Ljubljana Slavoj, Violence, p. 207-217
While the parallel holds, the concluding characterisation seems to fall short: the unsettling
AND
violent enough. Sometimes doing nothing is the most violent thing to do.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Liberty | Judge:
Text: The USFG shall adopt a policy to devalue its nuclear arsenal by freezing nuclear weapons development, adoption a no-first-use declaration, and moving toward a minimum deterrence posture
CP checks prolif
http://www.nukewatch.org/policynetwork/StrategicPosture_FullReport-040809.pdf Lead Author Robert L. Civiak Contributing authors Christopher Paine, Natural Resources Defense Council Peter Stockton and Ingrid Drake, Project On Government Oversight Jay Coghlan, Nuclear Watch New Mexico Marylia Kelley, Tri-Valley CAREs Transforming the U.S. Strategic Posture and Weapons Complex for Transition to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World Prepared by the Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation (NWCC) Policy Network Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC Nuclear Watch New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM Tri-Valley CAREs, Livermore, CA Just Peace of Texas, Amarillo, TX Physicians for Social Responsibility (Greater Kansas City Chapter) With contributions from Project On Government Oversight, Washington, DC April 2009
The world of today is very different from that of the Cold War era.
AND
the current designs, and drastically reduce nuclear weapons research and development activities.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Liberty | Judge:
Text: The fifty states and all relevant United States territories should substantially increase loan guarantees for small modular thermal reactors.
States solve nuclear
Ben-Moshe 2009 (Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale, Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason, attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins, 2009, “FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL and STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA,” Energy Law Journal, Volume 30, Number 2, online)
In addition to federal subsidies, various states have passed legislation to promote the development
AND
of nuclear development signify the increasing and widespread support for new nuclear power.

Tournament: All | Round: All | Opponent: Some | Judge: Pref'ed Ones
Overview - we also have numbered (1=K, 2=DA, 3=CP, 4=Procedural, 5=Case)
Speculative Realism K
Solidarity K
Sun Mystification K
Cap K
Execptionalism K
Sun Objectification K/CP
Retreat K
Displacement K

States CP
Reg Negs CP with litigation net benefit (terrorism)
No First Use CP

Electricity Prices DA
Communities DA
DOD Budget Tradeoff DA
Natural Gas Tradeoff DA
Renewables Tradeoff DA

Warming Good
Oil Dependency Good
Natural Gas Glut Bad

T The Sun is not Solar Power
T Production is not transport

Politics
Pearl Harbor - Elections, China Bashing
Fiscal Cliff - ME War / Defense Cuts

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Binghampton | Judge:
Interpretation:
The role of the ballot should, at minimum, represent a vote for an affirmative or negative orientation towards the normative statement posed by the resolution – which should include advocating ‘increasing US incentives or decreasing an existing restriction for energy production in the United States. Their method is only elevated to a reason to vote affirmative if they are also topical.
The subject: central government- the USFG.
The verb: increase- to make greater, or decrease – to lessen in degree.
The object: “energy production” is targeted to be in the United States.
B. LINKS: 

1. The SUBJECT of the action is the AFF team, not the USFG.
   2. The OBJECT of the action is the judge, not widespread production for development of energy in the United States.
   DCSA (Division of Conservation of Solar Application), Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1980 “An Analysis of Federal Incentives used to Stimulate Energy Production”
   http://www.scribd.com/doc/67538352/Federal-Incentives-for-Energy-Production-1980 p42
   Discussing governmental actions In a field that lacks consistent Policy is difficult, since boundaries
   AND
   technology and resources to change a natural resource into a useful energy form.

3. The VERB of their action is an affirmation of breaking down existing politics through referencing U.S. NRC siting practices, not a reference to either an increase of an incentive or decrease of a restriction.
C. ADVANTAGES:

1. Infinite regression—disregarding resolutional syntax produces an endless regression to small, trivial thesis statements, whether plans or otherwise. For example, an aff only about the subject opens the door to ANY philosophy that speaks to ‘being.’ Each of these affirmatives is then used to exclude the negative by dismissing arguments that link to the resolution but don’t compete with the 1AC.
   2. Limits—only rewarding the AFF with the ballot for 1AC arguments which affirm the topic tends to encourage AFF innovation, predictive research on a designated topic, and clash—a precursor to productive education. Inherent value of arguments within limits is greater, which link turns education arguments.
   3. Stasis—our holistic position is to deny the affirmative’s self-serving role of the ballot. They cannot provide for stasis due to ambiguity over what counts as discourse, which methods are sufficient or superior, or what or whom is being resisted. Putting the word “affirmative” on a ballot is not a meaningful act without stasis to assign that meaning.
   D. Voting issue – inscribe the word negative on the ballot to indicate that all four debaters have agreed, although for different reasons. Use the word negative on the ballot as an ADJECTIVE describing an attitude toward the topic instead of a NOUN inscribing a static identity on two of the four debaters.
   Voting for THIS reason does not silence the affirmative’s ability to speak about non-topical issues, but instead prevents normalizing the unreflexive privilege sometimes called “affirmative choice” to exclude NEGATIVE arguments. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Binghampton | Judge:
Energy production is inseparable from capitalist growth—their narrow lens framing is complicit through excusing avoidance and propping up destructive forces
Clark and York ’8 Brett Clark, assistant professor of sociology at North Carolina State University, and Richard York, coeditor of Organization %26 Environment and associate professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, "Rifts and Shifts: Getting to the Root of Environmental Crises," Monthly Review, Vol. 60, Issue 06, November 2008
The development of energy production technologies provides one of the best examples of rifts and
AND
forces to continue to operate, as they create additional ecological rifts.18
The alternative is to do nothing – this solves the inevitability of capitalism
Zizek 08—Senior Research @ Institute for Social Studies-Ljubljana Slavoj, Violence, p. 207-217
While the parallel holds, the concluding characterisation seems to fall short: the unsettling
AND
violent enough. Sometimes doing nothing is the most violent thing to do.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Binghampton | Judge:
Electricity prices are dropping and will stay low
Dallas Burtraw, one of the nation’s foremost experts on environmental regulation in the electricity sector, and studies electricity restructuring, competition, and economic deregulation, “Falling Emissions and Falling Prices: Expectations for the Domestic Natural Gas Boom,” Common Resources, August 21, 2012, http://common-resources.org/2012/falling-emissions-and-falling-prices-expectations-for-the-domestic-natural-gas-boom/, accessed 10-25-2012.
Moreover, the boom in domestic natural gas production could have even more immediate affects
AND
.8 Billion (real $2009) in savings projected for 2020.
New nuclear reactors drive up electricity prices
Mark Cooper, SENIOR FELLOW FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT¶ VERMONT LAW SCHOOL, "THE ECONOMICS OF NUCLEAR REACTORS: RENAISSANCE OR RELAPSE?," 2009, http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Documents/Cooper%20Report%20on%20Nuclear%20Economics%20FINAL%5B1%5D.pdf
Within the past year, estimates of the cost of nuclear power from a new
AND
immensely to the cost of electricity and the cost of reducing carbon emissions. 

High energy prices jack up food prices – means drastic cuts in food aid
Tom Capehart, Specialist in Agricultural Policy¶ Resources, Science and Industry Division, and ¶ Joe Richardson¶ Specialist in Domestic Social Policy¶ Domestic Social Policy Division, “Food Price Inflation: Causes and Impacts,” Congressional Research Service, April 10, 2008, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22859_20080410.pdf, accessed 10-25-2012.
Higher commodity and food prices reduce our ability to provide food aid to other¶
AND
world’s poorest people to spend a larger proportion of their income on food.  
Food price spikes cause insecurity that causes global resource wars that escalate to nuclear war
Michael Klare (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass) March 11, 2006 “The Coming Resource Wars” http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Oil_watch/ComingResourceWars.html
It's official: the era of resource wars is upon us. In a major
AND
with the rest of the world to slow the pace of global climate change

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Binghampton | Judge:
Fear from accidents isn’t from populism but the notion of a black swan.
Elaine Hirsch, 2-1-2012, a jack-of-all-interests, from education to technology to public policy, so she is currently working as a writer for various education-related sites, Brave New Climate, “Black Swan theory and the anti-nuclear sentiment,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/02/01/black-swan-anti-nuclear/
Black Swan Theory, as explained by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his 2007/2010
AND
driven by reliable statistics instead of the black shroud of the black swan.
Fukushima didn’t prompt a systems change – it was imbedded in squo reactors.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director
AND
Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 140
Each system is safety-grade, a high standard of quality with increased attention
AND
coolant and structures contain no hydrogen, no H2O as in an LWR.)
Accident decisions are made by the scientists.
Barry Brook et. al, 2-21-2009, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, George S. Stanford is a nuclear reactor physicist, part of the team that developed the Integral Fast Reactor, PhD from Stanford University in Physics, Masters from University of Virginia in Engineering, worked at Argonne National Laboratory, Graham R.L. Cowan, "Boron: A Better Energy Carrier than Hydrogen?" in 2001, published "How Fire Can Be Tamed," BraveNewClimate, “Response to an Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) critique,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2009/02/21/response-to-an-integral-fast-reactor-ifr-critique/
TB While I seriously doubt that Green has access to such assessments about
AND
the same, and not reduced by some factor; it is zero.)
Obama’s speech didn’t change anything.
Fred Pearce, 7-30-2012, is a freelance author and journalist based in the UK, he serves as environmental consultant for New Scientist magazine and is the author of numerous books, including When The Rivers Run Dry and With Speed and Violence, in previous articles for Yale Environment 360, environment 360, “Are Fast-Breeder Reactors A Nuclear Power Panacea?,” http://e360.yale.edu/feature/are_fast-breeder_reactors_a_nuclear_power_panacea/2557/
Fast-breeder technology is almost as old as nuclear power. But after almost
AND
.S. Export-Import Bank is reportedly ready to provide financing.
Nuclear energy will go on a 30 percent rise in the next decade – fuel prices and electricity.
Meg Handley, 3-25-2013, is a reporter for U.S. News and World Report, U.S. News, “Emerging Nations To Power Nuclear Energy Expansion Over Next Decade,” http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/25/emerging-nations-to-power-nuclear-energy-expansion-over-next-decade
Despite a slew of developed nations putting the brakes on nuclear programs in the wake
AND
be a mix of technology and nuclear is an important part of that."
Instilling fear is key to prevent global nuclear conflict.
Stephen Lee, 3-1-1996, Cambridge University Press, “Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons,” p. 327
The prospects for the delegitimation of nuclear weapons depends on the clarity of the crystal
AND
knows about already and that talking about it succeeds only in frightening people 
Fear of nuclear war is inevitable – it is the only thing preventing it from occurring.
HNS (Harvard Nuclear Study Group), 1983, “Living with nuclear weapons,” p. 5
Why not abolish nuclear weapons?  Why not cleanse this small plane tof these deadly
AND
continues, the more firmly the tradition of non-use is established.  
Citizens who imagine concrete scenarios for nuclear war are more likely to take proactive antinuclear action.
Susan Fiske, 1983, Department of psychology at Carnegie-Mellon Univeristy, “Citizens’ Images of Nuclear War:  Content and Consequences” Ebsco Host
The variable to be predicted by the images was antinuclear activity. To the extent
AND
, but not emotionality of images, had a disproportionate impact on behavior.
Fear is the only thing preventing more violent technology.
J. A. H. Futterman, 1994, Ph.D. from UT-Austin and Physicist at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, “Obscenity and Peace: Meditations on the Bomb,” http://www.dogchurch.com/scriptorium/nuke.html
But the inhibitory effect of reliable nuclear weapons goes deeper than Shirer's deterrence of adventurer
AND
require in order to become peaceful enough to survive our future technological breakthroughs.
Public perception runs the opposite in terms of accidents.
W J Nuttall, 2006, Judge Business School, Cambridge University, Trumpington Street, “Nuclear Renaissance Requires Nuclear Enlightenment,” http://www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/eprg0612.pdf
For reasons discussed earlier the public are actually quite accepting of informed and appropriately remunerated
AND
preventable and as much as possible must be done to minimise such events.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
( style="mso-element:para-border-div;border:solid windowtext 3.0pt; padding:1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt" )

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

"Financial incentives for energy production" involve the exchange of money for production.

( class="MsoNormal" )
( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )Book 11 ()Managing Director, ClearView Energy Partners, LLC

( class="MsoNormal" )
Kevin, Testimony before U.S. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS,

( class="MsoNormal" )
SUBCOMMITTEES ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES AND OVERSIGHT, SEPTEMBER 22, http://waysandmeans.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Booktestimony922.pdf

( class="MsoNormal" )
Incentive cost ratios, implied abatement costs and implied displacement costs offer three possible ways

( class="MsoNormal" )
AND

( class="MsoNormal" )
(e.g. loan guarantees instead of tax credits or deductions).

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

For is a term of exclusion – requiring direct action upon

( class="MsoNormal" )
( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )US CUSTOMS COURT 39( class="Author-Date" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Georgia","serif"" ) ( class="verdana" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"" )AMERICAN COLORTYPE CO. v. UNITED STATES C. D. 107, Protest 912094-G against the decision of the collector of customs at the port of New York UNITED STATES CUSTOMS COURT, THIRD DIVISION 2 Cust. Ct. 132; 1939 Cust. Ct. LEXIS 35

( class="MsoNormal" )
The same reasons used by the appellate court may be adopted in construing the language

( class="MsoNormal" )
AND

( class="MsoNormal" )
imported with the intention to use the same in industry for manufacturing purposes.

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

Energy Production distinct from material production, transport and waste treatment

( class="MsoNormal" )
Is Cumulative Fossil Energy Demand a Useful Indicator for the Environmental Performance of Products? M A R K A . J . ( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )HUIJBREGTS() , * , † L I N D A J . A . R O M B O U T S , † S T E F A N I E H E L L W E G , ‡ R O L F F R I S C H K N E C H T , § A . J A N H E N D R I K S , † D I K V A N D E M E E N T , † , | A D M . J . R A G A S , † L U C A S R E I J N D E R S , ( style="font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Cambria Math"" )⊥() A N D J A A P S T R U I J S | Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Institute for Chemical- and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zu¨rich, CH-8093 Zu¨rich, Switzerland, Ecoinvent Centre, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Ecological Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, NL-3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, and Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, NL-1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ( class="StyleStyleBold12pt" style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" )2006() American Chemical Society VOL. 40, NO. 3, 2006 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY 9 641 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es051689g

( class="MsoNormal" )
The appropriateness of the fossil Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) as an indicator for

( class="MsoNormal" )
AND

( class="MsoNormal" )
landfill leachates, radionuclide emissions, and land use in agriculture and forestry.

( class="MsoNormal" )
 

Vote Negative

Limits- there are infinite financial incentives that can be tied to things external to energy production- limiting the incentives part of the topic to directly involving production is key to limits because of the difficulty of defining what a restriction on energy production is

Our limit is the only non- arbitrary one because it is the most grammatically correct- financial incentives for energy production is an adjectival phrase- even if their aff is a financial incentive- it is not DIRECTLY for energy production

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
OFF

Immigration reform will pass now, but its close – Obama needs every bit of his political capital to get it done.
Gary Martin Published 7:40 pm, Thursday, March 28, 2013 Immigration reform gaining support in Congress Read more: http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Immigration-reform-gaining-support-in-Congress-4393187.php#ixzz2OtaMmqbj
A Republican Party in desperate search for relevance to Latino voters. An expanded Democratic
AND
rally support, said Sue Chinn, campaign manager for Alliance for Citizenship.¶ 

Obama’s political capital key to shaping the future of the agenda on immigration reform
Shifter 12/27/12 (Michael, President of the Inter-American Dialogue, “Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road?”)
Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US’s shameful and broken immigration
AND
needed -- would take away energy and time from other priorities like immigration.
Solar investment is unpopular – republicans
Graeber 12 Daniel Graeber, reporter for Oil Price, “Solar Insanity: Why is Obama Obsessed with Solar Energy?”, Oil Price, February 13th, 2012, http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Solar-Energy/Solar-Insanity-Why-is-Obama-Obsessed-with-Solar-Energy.html
The U.S. Energy Department is throwing a lot of money at solar
AND
what the doctor ordered. And then it pumped more money into solar.
Solves US-India relations
LA Times, 11/9/2012 (Other countries eagerly await U.S. immigration reform, p. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html)
"Comprehensive immigration reform will see expansion of skilled labor visas," predicted B.
AND
see the immigration opportunity as a bigger plus than not," he said.

US/India relations averts South Asian nuclear war
Schaffer, Spring 2002 (Teresita – Director of the South Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Security, Washington Quarterly, p. Lexis)
Washington's increased interest in India since the late 1990s reflects India's economic expansion and position
AND
people out of poverty depends critically on good relations with the United States.
Extinction
Starr ’11 (Consequences of a Single Failure of Nuclear Deterrence by Steven Starr February 07, 2011, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation     * Senior Scientist for PSR
Only a single failure of nuclear deterrence is required to start a nuclear war,
AND
the currently operational and deployed U.S. and Russian nuclear forces. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
OFF
TEXT: Congressional rulemaking bodies should facilitate regulatory negotiations with relevant parties over the following proposal: should provide loan guarantees for solar¶ Property Assisted Clean Energy assessments¶ levied on new or refinanced mortgages¶ in the United States. The negotiated policy will subsequently be implemented.
CP Competes: Does not result in the 1AC, open process
Gary Endelman, Senior Associate at Fong and Associates, “Go as Far as You Can: How Negotiated Rulemaking in Immigration Benefits America: Part 2 of 2,” Immigration Daily, July 1, 2003, http://www.ilw.com/articles/2003,0718-endelman.shtm#bio, accessed 10-5-2012.
Those who believe, as I do, that immigration is good for America have
AND
ideological combatants shrink back from assuming the very real risks that progress demands.
Avoids politics
J. Walton Blackburn, and Willa Marie Bruce, “Mediating Environmental Conflicts,” 1995, pgs. 213-214., accessed 9-10-2012.
Participation and communication. Reg-Neg involves more of the key parties in¶
AND
process, they have improved communication with the various¶ interest group representatives.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
OFF

Electricity prices are dropping and will stay low
Dallas Burtraw, one of the nation’s foremost experts on environmental regulation in the electricity sector, and studies electricity restructuring, competition, and economic deregulation, “Falling Emissions and Falling Prices: Expectations for the Domestic Natural Gas Boom,” Common Resources, August 21, 2012, http://common-resources.org/2012/falling-emissions-and-falling-prices-expectations-for-the-domestic-natural-gas-boom/, accessed 10-25-2012.
Moreover, the boom in domestic natural gas production could have even more immediate affects
AND
.8 Billion (real $2009) in savings projected for 2020.
Solar power quadruples electricity prices – materials
Maggie Koerth-Baker, “Shining Light on the Cost of Solar Energy,” National Geographic, November 5, 2010, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2010/11/101105-cost-of-solar-energy/, accessed 11-9-2012.
That said, there’s wide agreement that solar electricity is pricey. The U.
AND
making cheaper silicon devices, those advancements don’t translate to the solar industry.

High energy prices jack up food prices – means drastic cuts in food aid
Tom Capehart, Specialist in Agricultural Policy¶ Resources, Science and Industry Division, and ¶ Joe Richardson¶ Specialist in Domestic Social Policy¶ Domestic Social Policy Division, “Food Price Inflation: Causes and Impacts,” Congressional Research Service, April 10, 2008, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22859_20080410.pdf, accessed 10-25-2012.
Higher commodity and food prices reduce our ability to provide food aid to other¶
AND
world’s poorest people to spend a larger proportion of their income on food.  
Food price spikes cause insecurity that causes global resource wars that escalate to nuclear war
Michael Klare (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass) March 11, 2006 “The Coming Resource Wars” http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Oil_watch/ComingResourceWars.html
It's official: the era of resource wars is upon us. In a major
AND
with the rest of the world to slow the pace of global climate change

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
CASE
Solvency
Loan guarantees distort the market- ensure lack of innovation
Spencer 2009 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation February 6, 2009 “The Problem with Increasing Energy Loan Guarantees” Heritage Foundation http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/02/the-problem-with-increasing-energy-loan-guarantees
And that is the problem with loan guarantees: They distort normal market forces and
AND
new nuclear industry that is built for the short run and not sustainable.
Innovation guarantees jobs and economic leadership for the U.S.
TechNet is the national, bipartisan network of CEOs that promotes the growth of technology industries and the economy by building long-term relationships between technology leaders and policymakers and by advocating a targeted policy agenda, “America’s Technology Leaders Assert Innovation Key to Nation’s Recovery and Global Competitiveness,” 2011, http://www.technet.org/america%E2%80%99s-technology-leaders-assert-innovation-key-to-nation%E2%80%99s-recovery-and-global-competitiveness/, accessed 9-10-2012.
Nearly 60 executives from TechNet, the bipartisan policy and political network of CEOs that
AND
to ensure that America remains the world’s center of innovation and economic growth.”
Encouraging risky investment collapses the economy
Roberts 2010 Russell Roberts is a Mercatus Affiliated Senior Scholar and a research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution Apr 28, 2010 “Gambling with Other People's Money”  Mercatus Center http://mercatus.org/publication/gambling-other-peoples-money
In this paper, I argue that public-policy decisions have perverted the incentives
AND
natural incentives of profit and loss if we want to prevent future crises.

Warming
No impact to anthropogenic warming – multiple reasons*
Peter Ferrara, 3-1-2012, Director of Entitlement and Budget Policy for the Heartland Institute, General Counsel for the American Civil Rights Union, and Senior Fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis, Forbes, “Fakegate: The Obnoxious Fabrication of Global Warming,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterferrara/2012/03/01/fakegate-the-obnoxious-fabrication-of-global-warming/3/
The bottom line is that the temperature records are not consistent with the theory that
AND
tremendous opportunity for gaining the regulatory and taxation powers of a world government.
Warming models overblown - C02 is good for the environment – be skeptical of their evidence.
Claude Allegre et. al, 2-23-2012,  former director of the Institute for the Study of the Earth, University of Paris, J. Scott Armstrong, cofounder of the Journal of Forecasting and the International Journal of Forecasting, Jan Breslow, head of the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, Roger Cohen, fellow, American Physical Society, Edward David, member, National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Sciences, William Happer, professor of physics, Princeton, Michael Kelly, professor of technology, University of Cambridge, U.K., William Kininmonth, former head of climate research at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Richard Lindzen, professor of atmospheric sciences, MIT, James McGrath, professor of chemistry, Virginia Technical University, Rodney Nichols, former president and CEO of the New York Academy of Sciences, Burt Rutan, aerospace engineer, designer of Voyager and SpaceShipOne, Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 astronaut and former U.S. senator, Nir Shaviv, professor of astrophysics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Henk Tennekes, former director, Royal Dutch Meteorological Service, Antonio Zichichi, president of the World Federation of Scientists, Geneva, The Wall Street Journal, “No Need to Panic About Global Warming,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204301404577171531838421366.html
The lack of warming for more than a decade—indeed, the smaller-
AND
. Many were sent to the gulag and some were condemned to death.
Growing consensus of scientists find alarmist warming models wrong – natural oscillations from solar irradiance and ocean-atmosphere interaction.
Norman Paterson, March 2011, is a Professional Engineer and Consulting Geophysicist with 60 years’ experience in Mineral and Environmental Geophysics, he obtained his Ph. D in Geophysics at the University of Toronto, and was elected Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, Geoscience Canada, Vol. 38 Issue 1, “Global Warming: A Critique of the Anthropogenic Model and its Consequences,” p. 41, Ebsco Host
According to popular belief, recent global warming has been caused largely by greenhouse gases
AND
alarmism, which may fundamentally affect the direction of the climate change debate.
Runaway methane risk is empirically denied.
Shumard, 3-15-2005, http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/3/15/20439/5473
I've also heard it that some have said that methane hydrate has been implied to
AND
natural gas.  Nothing strange here or reason to be afraid of it.
Estimates of ocean acidification are overblown.
Craig D. Idso and Sherwood B. Idso, Feburary 2011, founder and chairman of the board of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, Sherwood B. Idso, president of the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, “Carbon Dioxide and Earth’s Future Pursuing the Prudent Path,” http://www.co2science.org/education/reports/prudentpath/prudentpath.pdf
The chemistry aspect of the ocean acidification hypothesis is rather straightforward, but it is
AND
emissions and their effects on the air's CO2 content and oceanic pH values.
Anthropogenic warming predictions are false – they don’t past any tests used for scientific validity.
J. Scott Armstrong et. al, 2011, is an author, forecasting
AND
the Manmade Global Warming Alarm,” p. 1091-2, Ebsco Host
The validity of the manmade global warming alarm requires the support of scientific forecasts of
AND
the 23 interventions was effective and harm was caused by 20 of them.
Tipping points aren’t real – claiming there are makes environmental degradation worse.
Barry Brook, 3-4-2013, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, BraveNewClimate, “Worrying about global tipping points distracts from real planetary threats,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2013/03/04/ecological-tipping-points/
We argue that at the global-scale, ecological “tipping points” and
AND
“Wolf!” while the hordes of foxes steal most of the flock.
Solar Power not a green plan it’s toxic.
Walter Russell Mead September 19, 2011 (James Clarke Chace Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College and Editor-at-Large of The American Interest magazine, and is recognized as one of the country's leading students of American foreign policy “Solar Power Pollution Causes Riots in China” http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2011/09/19/solar-power-pollution-causes-riots-in-china/)
President Obama’s much ballyhooed green jobs don’t just move to China; they sometimes aren’t
AND
severely restricts the ability of the green movement to get anything constructive accomplished.
Research incomplete on solar solving warming.
Kenneth Artz April 2, 2012, freelance reporter for The Heartland Institute, “Mojave Solar Project Killing Threatened Desert Tortoises”
http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2012/04/02/mojave-solar-project-killing-threatened-desert-tortoises)
Jeff Lovich, a research ecologist with the Southwest Biological Science Center, has studied
AND
tortoise, it really is death by a thousand cuts,” Lovich explained. 

Econ/Hege
Econ collapse doesn’t cause war – prefer our studies
Samuel Bazzi (Department of Economics at University of California San Diego) and Christopher Blattman (assistant professor of political science and economics at Yale University) November 2011 “Economic Shocks and Conflict: The (Absence of?) Evidence from Commodity Prices” http://www.chrisblattman.com/documents/research/2011.EconomicShocksAndConflict.pdf?9d7bd4
VI. Discussion and conclusions A. Implications for our theories of political instability and
AND
a lower threshold of evidence for initially significant results than ambiguous ones.20
Economic collapse doesn’t cause war – no causal connection
Thomas P.M. Barnett (senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC and a contributing editor/online columnist for Esquire magazine) August 2009 “The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis” http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx
When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze
AND
fear-mongering to proceed apace. That's what the Internet is for.
No double dip – Euro solution, statistical errors, stable indicators, gas prices
Russ Koesterich, CFA, Managing Director, is Global Chief Investment Strategist for BlackRock's iShares business, “4 Reasons You Won’t See A Double Dip Recession In 2012 (HDV, DVYE, IXP, ACWV),” ETF News, June 6, 2012, http://etfdailynews.com/2012/06/22/4-reasons-you-wont-see-a-double-dip-recession-in-2012-hdv-dvye-ixp-acwv/, accessed 6-23-2012.
Russ Koesterich: For the third summer in a row, the US economy is
AND
cheaper gasoline prices are providing some relief for stretched middle-income consumers.
New evidence shows their econ impacts don’t hold up to scrutiny.
Dennis Foster and Jonathan Keller, 2010, PhD in political science, Assistant Professor, Virginia Military Institute, and Jonathan, PhD in political science, Assistant Professor of Political Science, James Madison University, “Rallies and the “First Image” Leadership Psychology, Scapegoating Proclivity, and the Diversionary Use of Force,” Conflict Management and Peace Science 2010 27: 417, sage
Despite its compelling logic, general empirical confirmation of the diversionary hypothesis remains elusive (
AND
and the validity of the entire diversionary research paradigm is open to question.
While it is of obvious importance, we believe that the scholarly treatment of the
AND
and self-assessment is essential to a complete understanding of diversionary incentive.
Following from this assessment, we present in this article an examination of the rallying
AND
(and even amicable) “engagement” strategies in the international arena.
Empirical analysis of the effects of the interaction of economic misery with an empirical indicator
AND
treatment of how and why leaders use international force for domestic political purposes.
Not economically smart- BP, Germany, California, Obama prove
OC Register Dec. 27, 2011, “Editorial: Solar power failures adding up” http://www.ocregister.com/articles/solar-333211-energy-company.html
Sooner or later, the laws of economics prevail, even in heavily subsidized industries
AND
these systems cost-effective. Sooner or later, economic reality prevails.
Will not save the housing market – not economically feasible for constructing panels.
David Bergeron October 21, 2010 (Founder and president of Sundanzer, which supplies solar powered refrigerators worldwide, based on technology developed by David under contract to NASA, “Free-Market Solar: The Real Opportunity (this solar executive tells the feds and Arizona to cool the subsidies)”, http://www.masterresource.org/2010/10/free-market-solar-opportunity/)
For PV to be economically feasible, the “installed” cost would need to
AND
is embedded in super-fuels oil, natural gas, and coal.
No solvency-no skilled solar leadership because companies fail, constant shifts hurts company internally and externally.
Krishna N Das Aug 16, 2012 (reporter for Reuters, “Top executives say no thanks to U.S. cleantech jobs” http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/16/us-cleantech-executives-idUSBRE87F12620120816)
(Reuters) - U.S. solar and biofuel companies are struggling to
AND
of its market value this year, is still looking for a CFO.
Solar jobs aren’t a guarantee-Solaria proves.
Alex Morales on August 31, 2012  (reporter for Bloomberg News“Solaria to Begin Talks on Reducing Staff at Plant in Spain” http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-08-31/solaria-to-begin-talks-on-reducing-staff-at-plant-in-spain)
Solaria Energia Medio Ambiente SA, Spain’s only publicly traded solar company, said it
AND
profit of 516,000 euros in the same period a year ago.
Economic power not key to hegemony.
Subhash Kapila, 6-26-2010, is an International Relations and Strategic Affairs analyst and the Consultant for Strategic Affairs with South Asia Analysis Group and a graduate of the Royal British Army Staff College with a Masters in Defence Science and a PhD in Strategic Studies, “21st Century: Strategically A Second American Century With Caveats,” http://www.eurasiareview.com/201006263919/21st-century-strategically-a-second-american-century-with-caveats.html)
Strategically, the 20th Century was decidedly an American Century. United States strategic,
AND
challenge and the strategic distractions arising from the global Islamic flash-points.
Their evidence ignores the possibility of war between great and major powers – of course there are no great power wars in unipolarity because that means there is only one great power
Nuno P. Monteiro is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University “Unrest Assured Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful” International Security Volume 36, Number 3, Winter 2011/12 Project Muse
I agree with Wohlforth on these two points, but they are only part of
AND
higher.47 These figures provide no evidence that unipolarity is peaceful.48
No impact – status quo retrenchment sufficiently solves all global flashpoints – history overwhelmingly proves
Joseph M. Parent (Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami) and Paul K. MacDonald (Assistant Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College) November/December 2011 “The Wisdom of Retrenchment” Foreign Affairs http://www.ihavenet.com/World-United-States-The-Wisdom-of-Retrenchment-America-Must-Cut-Back-to-Move-Forward-Foreign-Affairs.html
Despite the erosion of U.S. military and economic dominance, many observers
AND
would also allow the United States to restore some luster to its leadership.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
1NR link
Loan guarantees cause ‘double dipping’- ensures their efforts don’t go towards innovations but to getting more handouts.
Veronique de Rugy, 6-19-2012, is a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University The Mercatus Center at George Mason University is a research, education, and outreach organization that works with scholars, policy experts, and government officials to connect academic learning and real-world practice  “ASSESSING THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM”  Testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, http://mercatus.org/publication/assessing-department-energy-loan-guarantee-program
Third, there seems to be an even more troubling trend of “double dipping
AND
abound. For  instance, in addition to the $538 million it receive
d under the 1705 loan program, Solyndra benefited from a $10.3  
AND
for society and instead work on narrowly serving political interests for financial gain.
Loan Guarantees have huge default rates- creates incentives for risky investment because the public pays for failures.
Veronique de Rugy, 6-19-2012, is a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University The Mercatus Center at George Mason University is a research, education, and outreach organization that works with scholars, policy experts, and government officials to connect academic learning and real-world practice  “ASSESSING THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM”  Testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, http://mercatus.org/publication/assessing-department-energy-loan-guarantee-program
Historically, loans guaranteed by the government have had a higher default rate than the
AND
are yet another way that the federal government socializes losses while privatizing benefits.
Loan guarantees create incentives for risky investment- ensures collapse of the industry
Veronique de Rugy, 6-19-2012, is a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University The Mercatus Center at George Mason University is a research, education, and outreach organization that works with scholars, policy experts, and government officials to connect academic learning and real-world practice  “ASSESSING THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM”  Testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, http://mercatus.org/publication/assessing-department-energy-loan-guarantee-program
Federally backed loans create a classic moral hazard. Because the loan amount is guaranteed
AND
loan, such as ¶ political connections and congressional interest in local pork.
Loan guarantees siphon off capital from more productive industries- destroys the economy and prevents innovation
Veronique de Rugy, 6-19-2012, is a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University The Mercatus Center at George Mason University is a research, education, and outreach organization that works with scholars, policy experts, and government officials to connect academic learning and real-world practice  “ASSESSING THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM”  Testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, http://mercatus.org/publication/assessing-department-energy-loan-guarantee-program
Mal-investment—the misallocation of capital and labor—may result from these
AND
away from producing what customers want, toward pleasing ¶ the government officials.
Solar specific
The plan levies PACE against refinanced mortgages not just the panel – the proceeds can include, property, equipment, and capital requirements – means they are ensured all the way up the supply chain – any one component can default and they would be fine – massive underprices risk.
BND Lending Services, no date, “PACE Program - (Partnership in Assisting Community Expansion),” http://banknd.nd.gov/lending_services/business_financing_programs/PACE_program.html
The PACE Fund assists North Dakota communities to expand their economic base by providing for
AND
be used to purchase real property, equipment and certain working capital requirements.
The loan is tied the front end of the mortgage – even if they refinance they still must make sure the house has liquidity in the squo – hundreds of thousands of houses default in the squo – the plan would take all the risk into the federal guarantee – they force insurers to have to take the risk.
Cal Finder, 3-16-2013, “San Antonio PACE Program in Jeopardy,” http://solar.calfinder.com/blog/solar-funding/san-antonio-pace-program-in-jeopardy/
The problem is this: the San Antonio City Council wants to tie PACE loans
AND
insurers due to the added risk brought on by the struggling housing market.
Loan Guarantees don’t work- empirically proven
Las Vegas Review-Journal Jul. 22, 2012 (“Green power failure”, http://www.lvrj.com/opinion/green-power-failure-163325956.html)
The Amonix solar manufacturing plant in North Las Vegas went belly-up last week
AND
release harmless carbon dioxide. Tax subsidies for green energy don't cut it.
No other market could come close competing with the PACE guarantee – by the way you link to electricity prices.
DSIRE solar, no date, “PACE Financing,” http://www.dsireusa.org/solar/solarpolicyguide/?id=26
Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing, an alternative to a loan,
AND
by bond issuance and interest paid by property owners participating in the program.
Solar Panel guarantees are high risk, ignored by govt.-pricing, competition
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Darrell Issa (CA-49), Chairman and Staff Report March 20, 2012 (“The Department of Energy’s Disastrous Management of Loan Guarantee Programs”, http://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FINAL-DOE-Loan-Guarantees-Report.pdf)At an October 2011 press conference, after the collapse of Solyndra, President Obama commented on the 1705 loan portfolio saying that “we knew from the start that the loan guarantee program was going to entail some risk, by definition
AND
 recipients, a low cost loan, in and of itself was insufficient to attract private investors.
Recipients waste taxpayer money
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Darrell Issa (CA-49), Chairman and Staff Report March 20, 2012 (“The Department of Energy’s Disastrous Management of Loan Guarantee Programs”, http://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FINAL-DOE-Loan-Guarantees-Report.pdf)There is evidence a number of loan guarantee recipients
AND
leaving taxpayers on the hook for the enormous sums on money spent on construction thus far.
Loan Guarantees hurt economy-loss of private capital, misallocation
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Darrell Issa (CA-49), Chairman and Staff Report March 20, 2012 (“The Department of Energy’s Disastrous Management of Loan Guarantee Programs”, http://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FINAL-DOE-Loan-Guarantees-Report.pdf)
The DOE loan guarantee and ATVM loan programs may harm capital formation within the capital
AND
delays, gross mischaracterizations, and a never-ending cycle of excuses:
No job creation-false principles, misleading figures
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Darrell Issa (CA-49), Chairman and Staff Report March 20, 2012 (“The Department of Energy’s Disastrous Management of Loan Guarantee Programs”, http://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/FINAL-DOE-Loan-Guarantees-Report.pdf)
One characteristic of ”green jobs” often touted by the Obama Administration is that
AND
already existed, but are now considered “green jobs.nciple that high
1NR loan distinction trick
The plan must give 1703 loans.   
Veronica Rugy, 2012, senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, http://mercatus.org/publication/assessing-department-energy-loan-guarantee-program
According to LPO’s website, DOE’s loan guarantee authority originated from Title XVII of the
AND
program, and 1705 loan guarantee authority ended on September 30, 2011.
Lack of credit subsidy funding in the loans mean the affirmative projects fail.
PREF (Partnership for a Renewable Energy Finance), 2011,  “The Importance of the Loan Guarantee Program in Financing Innovative Renewable Technologies”  Washington, DC  based 501 (c)(3) nonprofit organization whose mission is to bring renewable energy into the mainstream of the US economy and lifestyle through research, education, convening, and communications. http://reffwallstreet.com/us-pref/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/The-Importance-of-the-DOE-LGP-in-Financing-Innovative-Renewable-Technologies-v2.3.pdf
 Since passage of the Recovery Act, Congress has removed $3.5
AND
2 – the country’s ability to commercialize new renewable technologies is in question.
Either it creates risky investment or no one will build a reactor.
NYT (New York Times), 2011, Elana Schor and Hannah Northey of Greenwire, “Will Solyndra Scandal Spill Over to Scald Nuclear Loan Guarantees?,” http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2011/10/07/07greenwire-will-solyndra-scandal-spill-over-to-scald-nucle-3933.html?pagewanted=all
Since the stimulus law was passed, DOE has paid $2.4 billion
AND
to an elimination of the entire program, according to the industry source.
Innovation key to economy
Distortions that hamper innovation spills over to the broader economy- crowding out effect.
Veronique de Rugy, 6-19-2012, is a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University The Mercatus Center at George Mason University is a research, education, and outreach organization that works with scholars, policy experts, and government officials to connect academic learning and real-world practice  “ASSESSING THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM”  Testimony Before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, http://mercatus.org/publication/assessing-department-energy-loan-guarantee-program
To some (for example, those lucky enough to receive the loan guarantee),
AND
future earning prospects will dim, and our future living standards could suffer.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
Overview
Food price spikes cause global food wars
CNN May 27, 2008 “Red Cross Raises Specter of Food Wars” http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/05/27/food.war.warn.ap/index.html
The international Red Cross warned Tuesday of a possible surge in "food-related
AND
It becomes a question of survival, of just having access to food."
Turns Economy
Low electricity prices sustain U.S. manufacturing which is key to the economy – re-shoring, key industries
Perry 7/31/12 (Mark, Prof of Economics @ Univ. of Michigan, "America's Energy Jackpot: Industrial Natural Gas Prices Fall to the Lowest Level in Recent History," http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2012/07/americas-energy-jackpot-industrial.html)
Building petrochemical plants could suddenly become attractive in the United States. Manufacturers will "
AND
seems like a win, win, win, win situation to me.
Prefer our internal link – energy is the key factor in U.S. manufacturing – plan reverses a positive trend in manufacturing
Robert Schoenberger, Plain Dealer, "Shale gas boom could bring manufacturing jobs back to U.S., economists say," May 31, 2012, http://www.cleveland.com/shalegas/index.ssf/2012/05/shale_gas_boom_could_bring_man.html
"By 2025, the manufacturing sector alone could save $11.5 billion
AND
figuring in energy and the cost to ship goods across the Pacific Ocean.

Turns Hegemony
Low electricity prices are key to a strong steel industry – reshoring
Phil Gramm, former U.S. senator, a senior partner of US Policy Metrics and a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, “Wind-generated electricity dumps high costs on ratepayers and taxpayers,” December 26, 2012, http://www.beaufortobserver.net/Articles-NEWS-and-COMMENTARY-c-2012-12-26-264519.112112-Windgenerated-electricity-dumps-high-costs-on-ratepayers-and-taxpayers.html, accessed 1-2-2013.
Declining costs for electricity will give America a comparative advantage in industrial jobs that entail
AND
, more reliable power, higher living standards, reindustrialization and fiscal sanity.
The steel industry is key to power projection
William R. Hawkins Apr 2001. A campaign of strategic necessity Sea Power,
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3738/is_200104/ai_n8939648/pg_1?tag=artBody;col1
The United States can neither protect its shores nor project its power overseas without a
AND
sea-lanes, and for denying extra-- continental maneuverability to opponents." 

Turns Warming
A/T Won’t Choose
Utilities want as much money as possible and the government lets them
Lorrin Philipson and H. Lee Willis , “Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation,” 1999, Pg. 182.
The concept behind these prices, cost recovery and a regulated rate of¶ return
AND
incentive the government offers¶ is a very safe return on this investment.

Link Debate
Decentralized solar jacks up electricity prices for the most vulnerable – fixed cost dilemma
Burr, 12 – editor in chief of Public Utilities Fortnightly (Michael, “Rooftop Tsunami; Utilities sound the alarm as PV nears grid parity” PUBLIC UTILITIES FORTNIGHTLY, July, lexis)
From the utility's point of view, a growing wave of rooftop PV projects is
AND
by 40 to 50 percent by 2020, which we know isn't sustainable."
Loan guarantees drive up electricity prices
Spencer 2009 Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation February 6, 2009 “The Problem with Increasing Energy Loan Guarantees” Heritage Foundation http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/02/the-problem-with-increasing-energy-loan-guarantees
They remove incentives to decrease costs. The loan guarantee discounts the cost to build
AND
. Eventually, these inefficiencies will result in higher electricity prices for consumers.
If Time
Backup capacity link - proves the internal is linear and huge – studies accounting for complexity prove
Zycher 11 – visiting scholar at AEI (Benjamin, April 20, 2011, “The Folly of Renewable Electricity,” AEI,  http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/alternative-energy/the-folly-of-renewable-electricity/)
It gets worse: Wind and solar facilities are only about a quarter to a
AND
suggest that the capital costs alone will be well over $5 billion.
These are among the reasons that the EIA estimates that wind and solar power cost 100-300 percent more than conventional power. This is consistent with a recent finding by Professor Constant Tra that each percentage-point increase in a renewable requirement raises commercial and residential rates by 4-10 percent. The proponents' claim that the 33 percent requirement will increase costs by only 7 percent is a pipe dream.¶
Utility profits link – centralized ownership key to installation and grid upgrades to allow effective DG – this guts solvency
Outka, 10 - Visiting Scholar in Energy and Land Use Law, Florida State University College of Law; faculty member, Florida State University's Institute for Energy Systems, Economics, and Sustainability (IESES) (Uma, 37 Ecology L.Q. 1041, “Siting Renewable Energy: Land Use and Regulatory Context” lexis)

A second consideration that implicates siting is who can own a rooftop solar system.
AND
generation business models," including utility shared or sole ownership of DG. n251

Uniqueness
Energy prices are low now –
Most recent analysis proves and coal will absorb any increases
Matt Day and Drew FitzGerald, “Natural-Gas Futures Touch 16-Month High,” WSJ, March 18, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130318-711511.html, accessed 3-22-2013.
That month, gas produced as much electricity as coal in the U.S
AND
Ky., consulting firm that advises businesses and utilities on their energy purchases.
Natural gas increases would just mean cheap coal
Scott DiSavino, “U.S. utilities may return to coal as natgas prices rise,” Reuters, September 27, 2012, http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/09/27/us-utilities-coal-gas-idINBRE88Q11S20120927, accessed 10-25-2012.
The recent rise in U.S. natural gas prices and decline in coal
AND
Inc (GEN.N) and FirstEnergy Corp (FE.N).
Their evidence is a snapshot of U.S. energy markets – prefer predictive evidence accounting for inflation
ACCCE 12 (American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, "Energy Cost Impacts on American Families,
2001-2012," Feb., http://www.americaspower.org/sites/default/files/Energy_Cost_Impacts_2012_FINAL.pdf)
Electricity is the bargain among all consumer energy products. Among consumer ¶ energy goods
AND
gasoline have nearly doubled and tripled, ¶ respectively, over this period.
U.S. court decisions guarantee no regulation-induced price increases
Platts Energy Week 8/27/12 ("Platts Energy Week TV: Analyst Sees $2 drop in U.S. Electricity Prices," http://www.platts.com/PressReleases/2012/082712/No)
A U.S. federal court decision last week striking down the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) attempt at regulating interstate emissions from coal-fired power plants will likely mean electricity prices will drop between $1 and $2 per megawatt hour (MWh) over the next two years, an analyst for Standard and Poor's said Sunday on the all-energy news and talk program Platts Energy Week.

Tournament: NDT  | Round: 6 | Opponent: Wake HQ | Judge:
ECON ADVANTAGE

Countries turn inward – creates peace
Lloyd deMause, director of The Institute for Psychohistory, “Nuclear War as an Anti-Sexual Group Fantasy” Updated December 18th 2002, http://www.geocities.com/kidhistory/ja/nucsex.htm
The nation "turns inward" during this depressed phase of the cycle. Empirical
AND
during the depressed phase wanes, arms expeditures decrease and peace treaties multiply.
No causal relationship – ignores other variables
Niall Ferguson (Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard University and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University) 2006 Foreign Affairs, September/October, Vol. 85, Issue 5
Nor can economic crises explain the bloodshed. What may be the most familiar causal
AND
economic catastrophe, and some severe economic crises were not followed by wars.
No escalation – its all just rhetoric
Charles Boehmer (political science professor at the University of Texas) 2007 Politics and Policy, 35:4, “The Effects of Economic Crisis, Domestic Discord, and State Efficacy on the Decision to Initiate Interstate Conflict”
The theory presented earlier predicts that lower rates of growth suppress participation in foreign conflicts
AND
escalate to combat if doing so would compromise their ability to retain power.
Domestic opposition outweighs – support for military adventures
Daniel Deudney, Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies @ Princeton University, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Environment and Security: Muddled and Thinking April 1991, proquest
In addition, economic decline does not necessarily produce conflict.  How societies respond to
AND
growth is retarded by environmental constraints, military spending will exacerbate the problem.

Diversionary war theory is false
Charles Boehmer (political science professor at the University of Texas) 2007 Politics and Policy, 35:4, “The Effects of Economic Crisis, Domestic Discord, and State Efficacy on the Decision to Initiate Interstate Conflict”
This article examines the contemporaneous effect of low economic growth and domestic instability on the
AND
, interstate conflict, or both events occurring in the same year.3 

WARMING ADVANTAGE

Warming not real – satellite data, ice measurements, and weak correlation.
Randall Hoven, 5-3-2012, Boeing Technical Fellow, adjunct professor in the Engineering School of Southern Illinois University,  Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, American Thinker, “Global Warming Melts Away,” http://www.americanthinker.com/2012/05/global_warming_melts_away.html
Correlating Temperature and CO2. The chart below shows global temperatures vs. measured atmospheric
AND
June temperatures between Flagstaff and Yuma, Arizona (about 16 deg C).
Temperature fluctuations over 2000 years disprove anthropogenic warming.
Horst-Joachim Lüdecke, 2011, University for geosciences and physics of Saarland, Ewert of the European Institute for Climate and Energy, Energy and Environment, Vol. 22 Issue 6, “Long-Term Instrumental and Reconstructed Temperature Records Contradict Anthropogenic Global Warming,” p. 741-2, Ebsco Host
Instrumental records going back a maximum of about 250 years from the present show the
AND
year-long rises and falls in temperature over the last 2000 years.

No proof of tipping points – we’ve recovered from worse temperature increases.
Thomas Fuller, 7-6-2010, “Global warming, uncertainty, tipping points and the precautionary principle,”  Environmental Policy Examiner, http://www.examiner.com/environmental-policy-in-national/global-warming-uncertainty-tipping-points-and-the-precautionary-principle
Others are more optimistic, and say that if we act right now, but
AND
Tipping Points and the Precautionary Principle and assume that that closes the conversation.

Framework / T  (2NR)
Global Local K
PIC Non-Spec view of Sun as Object
Cap K

Cap K
Reg Neg CP (2nr)
Obama win - Iran strikes
Renewables DA (2nr)

Framework and T
PIC out of Silver PV
Displacement K
Open Source forthcoming

Electricity Prices DA
Reg Neg CP
Politics - Debt Ceiling / Econ
Cap K
Indigenous Self Determination Bad Case Turns