Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase commercial loan guarantees to develop and deploy Integral Fast Reactors for the purpose of energy production in the United States.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: UCO DV | Judge:
C/I - Financial incentives include loan guarantees - distinguished from rules, regulations and policies.
DSIRE (Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency), 2012, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency, Glossary, “Financial Incentives,” http://www.dsireusa.org/glossary/
DSIRE organizes incentives and
of kilowatt-hours (kWh) or BTUs

Targeted towards obtaining energy production.
Richard R. Lancaster and Mark J. Berndt, June 1984, is with the Minnesota Department of Public Service, Mark J. Berndt is with the Minnesota Department of Energy and Economic Development, “Alternative energy development in the USA The effectiveness of state government incentives,” Energy Policy, Science Direct
Feiveson and Rabi 14 classify
that benefit from the subsidies.

We meet – was created to address energy demands.
Steve Kirsch, 2009, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), writer for the Huffington Post, CEO Kirsch foundation on climate, founder/head of Center for Energy and Climate Change, National Award from the Caring Institute in Washington DC, written much about the Integral Fast Reactor, Fellow, with the Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Steve Kirsch’s blog, “The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) project: Congress QandA,” http://skirsch.com/politics/ifr/QAcongressKirsch.htm
*cites Charles Till, former Associate Director, Argonne National Laboratory, The National Academy Studies, James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Ray Hunter, former Deputy Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Leonard Koch, winner of the Global Energy International Prize, Barry Brook Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change*
There is no other alternative
need it more than ever?

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: UCO DV | Judge:
Geo-engineering for the environment ruins the environment – several models say it condemns millions.
Alan Robock, May/June 2008, Department of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving an S.M. and Ph.D. faculty of the Department of Meteorology of the University of Maryland, a Professor and the State Climatologist, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University, Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction, Director of the Meteorology Undergraduate Program, and a member of the Graduate Program in Atmospheric Science,  Fellow of the American Meteorological Society,  Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,  Editor of Reviews of Geophysics,ember of the  International Association of Volcanism and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), Past-President of the Atmospheric Sciences Section of AGU and Retiring Chair of the Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences Section, awarded a AAAS Congressional Science Fellowship, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea,” p. 15-6, Ebsco Host
Could attempts to geoengineer
 ultraviolet flux to Earth’s surface. 

Use precaution when endorsing geo-engineering no feasible way to shut down or curb effects if it goes wrong.
Alan Robock, May/June 2008, Department of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving an S.M. and Ph.D. faculty of the Department of Meteorology of the University of Maryland, a Professor and the State Climatologist, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University, Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction, Director of the Meteorology Undergraduate Program, and a member of the Graduate Program in Atmospheric Science,  Fellow of the American Meteorological Society,  Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,  Editor of Reviews of Geophysics,ember of the  International Association of Volcanism and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), Past-President of the Atmospheric Sciences Section of AGU and Retiring Chair of the Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences Section, awarded a AAAS Congressional Science Fellowship, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea,” p. 17, Ebsco Host
There’s no going back. We
 renewable energy tech-nology. 

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: UCO DV | Judge:
Nuclear cooperation with Russia solves their economy – they want the plan.
Taylor Dewey et. al, 2010, Logan Ensign, Stanford University, Natalya Matytsyna, The Higher School of Economics, Polina Beresneva, Moscow State University, Stanford U.S. Russia Forum Journal 2009-2010, http://joinsurf.com/news/62/16/SURF-2009-2010-Journal-Article-4-of-8
Russia is currently pursuing
value as Russia works to meet its targets.

Imports have decreased to record lows now – without a new energy paradigm however coming price shocks will cause hollow out of the economy.
Gal Luft and Anne Korin, July/August 2012, co-directors of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS) and senior advisers to the United States Energy Security Council, They are co-authors of Turning Oil into Salt: Energy Independence through Fuel Choice and Petropoly: The Collapse of America’s Energy Security Paradigm, The American Interest, “The Folly of Energy Independence,” http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1266
In recent years America’s
is a new energy paradigm.

E.U. and China already triggered speculator crisis.
Robert Bowen, 9-3-2012, Staff Writer, Examiner, “Oil prices drop as U.S. oil production reaches 15-year high,” http://www.examiner.com/article/oil-prices-drop-as-u-s-oil-production-reaches-15-year-high
One reason given for
of average Americans.

Global oil production is decreasing .
James Murray and David King, 1-26-2012, founding director of the University of Washington's Program on Climate Change and Professor at the School of Oceanography, University of Washington and director of the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford and senior science adviser to the bank UBS; former chief scientific adviser to the UK, “Climate policy: Oil's tipping point has passed,” p. 433-35
The idea of 'peak oil' —
 the minds of policy-makers. 

Nuclear energy doesn’t directly trade-off with oil.
Ferenc L. Toth, 2006, senior energy economist with the Planning and Economic Studies Section in the Department of Nuclear Energy at IAEA, Hans-Holger Rogner, head of Planning and Economic Studies at IAEA, “Oil and nuclear power: Past, present, and future,” IAEA, http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/Pess/assets/oil+np_toth+rogner0106.pdf
The current relationship between
 the electricity generating market.

Even if you scale up IFRs there are no indirect effects.
Ferenc L. Toth, 2006, senior energy economist with the Planning and Economic Studies Section in the Department of Nuclear Energy at IAEA, Hans-Holger Rogner, head of Planning and Economic Studies at IAEA, “Oil and nuclear power: Past, present, and future,” IAEA, http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/Pess/assets/oil+np_toth+rogner0106.pdf
The second dimension of
to 811 Mtoe over this period.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Converts existing coal plants – means no material cost of start-up.
Steve Kirsch, 2011, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), writer for the Huffington Post, CEO Kirsch foundation on climate, founder/head of Center for Energy and Climate Change, National Award from the Caring Institute in Washington DC, written much about the Integral Fast Reactor, Fellow, with the Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Steve Kirsch’s blog, “The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) project: QandA,” http://skirsch.com/politics/globalwarming/ifrQandA.htm
*cites Charles Till, former Associate Director, Argonne National Laboratory, The National Academy Studies, James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Ray Hunter, former Deputy Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Leonard Koch, winner of the Global Energy International Prize, Barry Brook Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change*
Can you convert
even the newest ones.

Fast reactors don’t cause shortages of REE – no complex systems and small containment fields.
Barry Brook et. al, 2-21-2009, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, George S. Stanford is a nuclear reactor physicist, part of the team that developed the Integral Fast Reactor, PhD from Stanford University in Physics, Masters from University of Virginia in Engineering, worked at Argonne National Laboratory, Graham R.L. Cowan, "Boron: A Better Energy Carrier than Hydrogen?" in 2001, published "How Fire Can Be Tamed," BraveNewClimate, “Response to an Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) critique,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2009/02/21/response-to-an-integral-fast-reactor-ifr-critique/
A new IFR should cost less
commercial sized plant.”

Nuclear labs are innovating away from REE in the squo – new deposits ensure no shortages.
Jonathan Marshall, October 13, 2011. Clean Tech No Hostage to Rare Earth Shortages. http://www.pgecurrents.com/2011/10/13/clean-tech-no-hostage-to-rare-earth-shortages/
mining companies are finding new supplies all the time. California-based Molycorp Inc., the only active U.S. producer of rare earth
 rarely become a problem.

Shortage short term, no impact and cooperation will increase in the future.
Nabeel A. Mancheri, 5-16-2012, China faces WTO again over rare earth metals. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/05/16/china-faces-wto-again-over-rare-earth-metals/
Despite the significance of
 processing facilities worldwide.

Plan key to national labs.
Michael Wallace and Sarah Williams, 2012,  head of the Transatlantic Program at the Royal United Services Institute, and Sarah Williams, program coordinator and research associate in the U.S. Nuclear Energy Project at CSIS, “Nuclear Energy in America: Preventing its Early Demise,” CSIS
Second, setting global norms and standards for safety, security, operations, and emergency response. As the world learned
weapons complex, and research institutions.

Key to hege.
John D. Immele, 1-19-2009, Deputy Laboratory Director for National Security at Los Alamos, and Richard L. Wagner, physicist who has worked in nuclear weapon and weapon-system design, missile defense, defenses against nuclear terrorism, nuclear energy, non-proliferation, WMD threat reduction at Los Alamos, “The US Nuclear Weapon Infrastructure and  a Stable Global Nuclear Weapons Regime,” Strategic Weapons in the 21st Century Conference, http://www.lanl.gov/conferences/sw/2009
An important aspect of the broader
between the labs and the government.

1AR

U.S. fast reactors and pyro-processing is key to reinvigorating nuclear leadership – Korea proves.
Charles D. Ferguson, 6-17-2009, is the Philip D. Reed senior fellow for science and technology at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), is also an adjunct professor in the security studies program at Georgetown University, where he teaches a graduate-level course titled “Nuclear Technologies and Security,” and an adjunct lecturer in the national security studies program at the Johns Hopkins University, where he teaches a graduate level course titled “Weapons of Mass Destruction Technologies,” served as the project director for the CFR-sponsored Independent Task Force on U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy, scientist-inresidence at the Monterey Institute’s Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS), won the Robert S. Landauer Lecture Award from the Health Physics Society, Testimony to Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, “Advancing Technology for Nuclear Fuel Recycling: What Should Our Research, Development, and Demonstration Strategy Be?.”  http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/FergusonTestimonyJune172009.pdf
The benefit of a fast reactor
 regional spent fuel repositories.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Restarting IFR project at Argonne spurs RandD in all sectors – collaborative research utilizing nuclear science insight key to effective programs.
Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 391
Restart nuclear power
needs around the world would be incalculable.

Argonne’s  nanoscale materials prevent biowarfare agents – and safety of Argonne nanomaterials solves all consequences associated with development of nanotech.
Evelyn Brown, 5-2-2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “The nano-revolution continues at Argonne,” http://m.phys.org/materials-cnm-nanoscale_news3944.html
Federal and state officials
such as anthrax, in real time. 

Nanotech is inevitable – safe stewardship prevents extinction.
John R. Marlow, 2004, Nanotech Columnist, nominated for the Foresight Institute Prize in Communication, NANOVEAU #002, “The Sound of Inevitability—Why Nanotech Will Happen,” http://www.nanotech-now.com/Nanoveau/Sound-of-Inevitability.htm
Unlike previous advances,
nanogenie back in the bottle. 

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Use precaution when endorsing geo-engineering no feasible way to shut down or curb effects if it goes wrong.
Alan Robock, May/June 2008, Department of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving an S.M. and Ph.D. faculty of the Department of Meteorology of the University of Maryland, a Professor and the State Climatologist, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University, Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction, Director of the Meteorology Undergraduate Program, and a member of the Graduate Program in Atmospheric Science,  Fellow of the American Meteorological Society,  Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,  Editor of Reviews of Geophysics,ember of the  International Association of Volcanism and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), Past-President of the Atmospheric Sciences Section of AGU and Retiring Chair of the Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences Section, awarded a AAAS Congressional Science Fellowship, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea,” p. 17, Ebsco Host
There’s no going back. We don’t know how quickly scientists and engi-neers
AND
than current glob-al investment in renewable energy tech-nology. 

Geo-engineering doesn’t solve the aff – violation of international treaties, moral obligation.
Alan Robock, May/June 2008, Department of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving an S.M. and Ph.D. faculty of the Department of Meteorology of the University of Maryland, a Professor and the State Climatologist, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University, Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction, Director of the Meteorology Undergraduate Program, and a member of the Graduate Program in Atmospheric Science,  Fellow of the American Meteorological Society,  Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,  Editor of Reviews of Geophysics,ember of the  International Association of Volcanism and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI), Past-President of the Atmospheric Sciences Section of AGU and Retiring Chair of the Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences Section, awarded a AAAS Congressional Science Fellowship, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea,” p. 17, Ebsco Host
Conflicts with current treaties. The terms of ENMOD explicitly prohib-it “military
AND
at stake, there is reason to worry about what we don’t know.

Fast reactors are key to establishing clean power leadership – has a thirty trillion dollar return.
Steve Kirsch, 11-25-2009, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), writer for the Huffington Post, CEO Kirsch foundation on climate, founder/head of Center for Energy and Climate Change, National Award from the Caring Institute in Washington DC, written much about the Integral Fast Reactor, Fellow, with the Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Steve Kirsch’s blog, “Why We Should Build an Integral Fast Reactor Now,” http://skirsch.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/ifr/
*cites Charles Till, former Associate Director, Argonne National Laboratory, The National Academy Studies, James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Ray Hunter, former Deputy Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Leonard Koch, winner of the Global Energy International Prize, Barry Brook Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change*
Creates an opportunity to become the world leader in clean energy. Obama said at
AND
existing nuclear waste stockpile into an asset worth over $30 trillion dollars.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Russian economy growing and resilient – assumes current global crisis.
Reuters, 10-25-2011, “Update 1-Russian economic growth gains speed in Q3,” http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/25/russia-economy-idUSL5E7LP46T20111025
Russia's gross domestic product (GDP) grew 5.1 percent in the third
AND
remains seemingly resilient despite global economic turmoil and disappointing industrial output in September.

No impact to Russian economic decline.
Robert Blackwill, 2009, former associate dean of the Kennedy School of Government and Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Planning, RAND, “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution”, http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP275.pdf
Now on to Russia. Again, five years from today. Did the global
AND
are likely to be changed in any serious way by the economic crisis.

Natural gas will inevitably collapse – price shocks and link to peak oil – no bridge.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 89, Amazon.com
Natural gas is linked to oil. It has been suggested that a “natural
AND
low permeability, and consequently low (and consequently more expensive) recoveries.

Natural gas not viable for continued scale-up – infrastructure leaks cause price volatility.
Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 62
Methane-rich natural gas is a much more dangerous greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide
AND
generators only to find the price jumping due to the increased demand. 

Natural gas wells are not producing to capacity now – no necessary trade-off - inflexibility with transport and enthusiasm drop-offs.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 80-1
The outlook for natural gas historically has always been loosely related to that for oil
AND
declining oil production for long, even where it can substitute for oil. 

Operators know the system is faulty – history proves there will not be accidental launch on warning
Podvig 2005 (Pavel Podvig, PhD. Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University, Reducing the Risk of Accidental Launch: Time for a New Approach? February 2005. http://russianforces.org/podvig/eng/publications/forces/20050204ponars.shtml)
The discussion of dangers associated with the launch-on-warning posture usually concentrates
AND
-warning based solely on the information provided by its satellites and radars.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Weighing consequences is inevitable even in a deontological frameworks.
Joshua Green, November 2002, Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Harvard University, The Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Truth About Morality And What To Do About It, p. 314
Some people who talk of balancing rights may think there is an algorithm for deciding
AND
represents is either dogmatic in an esoteric sort of way or covertly consequentialist.

Be pragmatic with nukes.
Marian Herbick and Jon Isham, October 2010, Marian Herbick is a senior at the University of Vermont, where she is studying natural resource planning and wildlife biology, member of the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources and the Honors College, Jon Isham, department of economics and the program in environmental studies at Middlebury College. teaches in environmental economics, environmental policy, introductory microeconomics, social capital in Vermont, and global climate change, “The Promise of Deliberative Democracy,” http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/775
Getting to 350 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere will require massive investments in
AND
, policymakers should seek out deliberative polls in their decision-making process.

The PRISM changes patterns for nuclear manipulation based on energy.
Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 335-6
When the material comforts of existence are seen as being limited, then consumption beyond
AND
that boron vehicles will surely carry the day even in the near term.

Nuclear exceptionalism is a myth.
Christopher Ford, January 2011, is a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C., previously served as U.S. Special Representative for Nuclear Nonproliferation, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, and General Counsel to the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Oxford University (as a Rhodes Scholar), and Yale Law, “Haves and Have-Nots: “Unfairness” in Nuclear Weapons Possession,” http://www.newparadigmsforum.com/NPFtestsite/?p=658
After all, while a local monopoly on iron swords may have given the Vikings
AND
which the conventional “unfairness” critique simply does not very persuasively apply.

The plans representations are aimed at leaders not the public - instilling fear in leader’s minds is key to prevent global nuclear conflict.
Stephen Lee, 3-1-1996, Cambridge University Press, “Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons,” p. 327
The prospects for the delegitimation of nuclear weapons depends on the clarity of the crystal
AND
everyone knows about already and that talking about it succeeds only in frightening people

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Fiscal cliff won’t be addressed right away – Congress will punt the problem – no direct trade-off.
Patti Domm, 11-9-2012, CNBC business, “What Markets Want from Washington on 'Fiscal Cliff',” http://www.cnbc.com/id/49759522
McCarthy expects the process to go well into next year and he expects it to
AND
when that happens it threatens the Treasury auctions and it threatens government shutdown.” 

Don’t buy their doomsday fiscal cliff scenarios – it’s more of a gentle slope.
Danielle Kurtzleben, 11-8-2012, is a business and economics reporter for U.S. News and World Report, U.S. News and World Report, “An Extremely Simple Explanation of the 'Fiscal Cliff',” http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/11/08/an-extremely-simple-explanation-of-the-fiscal-cliff?page=2
So if they don't do anything by New Year's Eve, then we're all doomed
AND
could cause (not to mention the fact that it's not very punchy). 

Congress is far apart from a compromise on the fiscal cliff now – tax rates – won’t happen in the lame duck.
John H. Cushman Jr., 11-7-2012, The New York Times, “Boehner Strikes Conciliatory Tone in Talk of Fiscal Cliff,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/us/politics/back-to-bargaining-table-with-fiscal-cliff-dead-ahead.html?pagewanted=all
 “Mr. President, this is your moment,” Mr. Boehner told
AND
substantially lower the deficit is not appropriate for a lame-duck Congress. 

Carbon tax bundled in kill’s consensus.
Reuters, 11-8-2012, “Carbon tax suddenly part of 'fiscal cliff' debate,” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/49751113/ns/us_news-environment/
A potential tax on big polluters, a taboo subject in the United States in
AND
said Kenneth Green, a resident scholar at the conservative American Enterprise Institute. 

The plan would be a political motivator for nuclear power development – solves the waste issue.
Barry Brook and Tom Blees, 10-23-2012, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, BraveNewClimate, “The Case for Near-term Commercial Demonstration of the Integral Fast Reactor,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/10/23/the-case-for-near-term-commercial-demonstration-of-the-integral-fast-reactor/
Light-water reactors (LWR) of any stripe, however, produce only
AND
technical advancement and a political enabler for nuclear power of all kinds. 

Loan guarantees for nuclear specifically popular – lower tax liability.
Sharon Squassoni, November 2009, is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the nonprolifera-tion program. Prior to joining Carnegie, she held various positions in the US government, including at the Congressional research Service, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the US State Department, is a frequent contributor to journals, magazines and books on nuclear proliferation and defense, The Centre for International Governance Innovation, No. 7, “The US Nuclear Industry: Current Status and Prospects under the Obama Administration,” p. 8, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Nuclear_Energy_7_0.pdf
The single most important spur to build new reactors in the United States is loan
AND
,” including renewable energy technologies, which further extends their attractiveness within Congress.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: 

Trading’s complexity specifically to bank against future credits means no transition to nuclear and decrease in emissions.

Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 44-5

The seller might guarantee that a certain stand of mature trees won’t be logged, for instance, though the loggers will just go down the road to the next stand. Who’s to say they won’t come back and log the “saved trees” once the transaction is completed—or that any trees were ever saved at all? Billions of dollars are changing hands, with little recognition of the fact that carbon dioxide emissions are still pouring into the atmosphere. The myriad ways in which such systems can be gamed are limited only by the imagination of the shysters. Carbon trading is little more than an unconscionable scam to further fossil fuel business as usual, and should not be considered to be any sort of real solution to the environmental problems we face. As Tom Burke, visiting professor at Imperial College London, has observed: "The reality is that applying cost-benefit analysis to questions such as climate change is junk economics... It is a vanity of economists to believe that all choices can be boiled down to calculations of monetary value."31 Another commentator pointed out that carbon trading’s “inherent complexity leaves it open to exploitation by special interests, not to mention perverse incentives to ‘bank’ pollution now against future credits.”32 This obscene ploy doesn’t even deserve four paragraphs, but there you go. It’s easy to find more information33 on carbon trading if you’d care to explore it further, though on its face I trust that you, dear reader, can recognize a travesty when you see one. We have more serious ideas to discuss here.

Cap-and-trade will be too slow in transitioning away from coal to IFR – cost comparisons, and base load investment.

Gene Preston, 8-20-2009, CEO at Transmission Adequacy Consulting, Manager System Planning at Austin Energy, Ph.D. and P.E. from the University of Texas in Electrical Engineering and physics, BraveNewClimate, “Classifying ‘belief systems’ in sustainable energy and climate change,” http:~/~/bravenewclimate.com/2009/08/20/classifying-belief-systems-in-sustainable-energy-and-climate-change/http://bravenewclimate.com/2009/08/20/classifying-belief-systems-in-sustainable-energy-and-climate-change/

How effective will the cap and trade be at eliminating coal plants? I recently attended the Bureau of Economic Geology seminar at the University of Texas. A handout (that was in a handbag labeled as Clean Coal Technology Information by American Electric Power) stated that cap and trade in Europe had seen market values of 30 $/ton of CO2. A 1000 MW coal plant will produce about 3 million lbs per hour of CO2. I verified that this rate of CO2 production is correct when one of my friends said it couldn’t possibly be that much. It is a good average taking all coal plants into account, new and old, small and large. Newer plants might have slightly less CO2 production. You also have to be careful about some CCS reports that show smaller amounts of CO2 capture. They are probably capturing only a part of their CO2 emissions. Multiplying (30$/ton)(3e6lbs/h)/(2000lbs/ton) = 45000 $/hr …. then ($45000)/(1000MWh) = 45 $/MWh = 4.5 cents/kWh, which is a very high cost, higher than the bus bar cost of a new coal plant. The cap and trade will show that coal is not the lowest cost base load generation. Nuclear will win that battle. However, power companies move slowly. It will take several decades for existing coal plants to be retired and new nuclear plants to be constructed if we follow the traditional utility planning practices. I do not think this will work if the type C beliefs are correct. Because there are many different beliefs, the IFR will develop slowly unless we can eliminate the beliefs of the categories A, B and D by showing they are in error and will ultimately lead to failure.

Cap and trade won’t result in the plan – permits will just change hands to cleaner nations.

Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 43

This concept is so unutterably bogus that we should toss it on the slagheap right off the bat. In essence it is a deadly international43shell game that allows corporations to buy the right to pollute in a great game of Environmental Risk. The futility of carbon trading can be inferred simply by observing that it’s the one climate change amelioration scheme that seems agreeable to politicians and industrialists. An underdeveloped nation with a lot of trees but very little industry, for example, would rate as a carbon sink because of the carbon dioxide that its trees consume during photosynthesis. So that country could sell its unused polluting rights to some business in, oh, Dallas, Texas, for example. This unscrupulous hypothetical Texas utility company could then blithely belch out massive amounts of pollution from its coal-fired power plants via the simple expedient of buying the unused pollution rights from the poor yet tree-filled nation. Naturally its customers (and their neighbors downwind) foot the bill and reap the dire consequences. It gets even more obscene than that, though. Developing nations like India and China, whose coal-fired plants just on the drawing board promise to vastly increase the blanket of global warming gases, are exempt from having to meet even the modest emissions targets under the terms of the Kyoto Accords. They can even sell polluting rights to the developed nations for every emission-reduction project they undertake. So, for instance, if China builds a hydro project, they can sell carbon credits thus earned to that imaginary Texas company, in utter disregard of the fact that China’s own ever-increasing fleet of dirty coal-fired plants is smoking away without a care in the world.29 Now Texans too can have a little taste of Chinese air.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: 

Doesn’t solve prolif - IAEA verification lacks capacity detecting dual-use - fuel cycle is key.

CFR (Council on Foreign Relations), 7-25-2012, “The Global Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime,” http://www.cfr.org/proliferation/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime/p18984#p2

Some analysts note that the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), which guarantees states' rights to develop civilian nuclear technology, enables a peaceful path to proliferation through fuel cycle activities. Many of the processes used to produce civilian nuclear power can be converted to military ends. As noted, the International Atomic Energy Agency does not have the capacity to adequately monitor every nuclear site. Iran has almost certainly used its civilian program as a cover for illicit weapons activities. The challenge of monitoring and verifying NPT safeguards will likely only increase as more countries look to nuclear power to offset volatile energy prices and reduce reliance on carbon-based fuels.In particular, several Middle Eastern countries that currently lack robust civilian nuclear programs have increasingly looked to diversify their economies through nuclear power. Other than safety risks commonly linked with the development of civilian nuclear programs, other countries may also fear that such programs will be used in the future to develop nuclear weapons. The latter concern is most commonly discussed in reference to Iran potentially developing nuclear weapons—regardless of that country's repeated assertions that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes--and how such a development could affect regional security dynamics in the Middle East.

The fuel bank causes a massive backlash.

NPR Review, 2009, affiliated scholar at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation, “reliable energy supply and nonproliferation”, Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 16, No. 2

The problem of global warming has fostered much talk of a ‘‘nuclear renaissance’’ as a response to the need to reduce carbon emissions. But it is a virtual certainty that increasing the spread of nuclear energy technology will result in an increased risk of nuclear weapons proliferation and nuclear terrorism. Schemes to mitigate this increased risk include internationalized nuclear fuel assurances for countries that forego national fuel cycle facilities, but fears of cartelization as well as states’ natural desire to control their energy destiny have made proposals such as those of Acheson-Lilienthal, INFA in the NNPA, and the more recent ones from ElBaradei and NTI*even with President Obama’s endorsement*difficult to implement and perhaps ineffective if implemented. Thus, NPT Article IV remains a problem and a vehicle for raising the risk of proliferation as long as it is cast as giving the right of full access to nuclear technologies to NPT state parties. That is not to say that nuclear fuel assurances cannot be successful under certain special conditions and circumstances. But the acceptability of these conditions is problematic for any country sensitive to its sovereignty or for any potential proliferators. Any system creating tiers of limited suppliers and recipients is likely to engender complaints of discrimination and a class system for recipients that will be resented.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: 

Restarting PRISM at Argonne spurs RandD in all sectors – key to effective programs.

Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 391

Restart nuclear power development research at national labs like Argonne, concentrating on small reactor designs like the nuclear battery ideas discussed earlier. Given the cost and difficulty of extending power grids over millions of square miles of developing countries, the advantages of distributed generation in transforming the energy environment of such countries can hardly be exaggerated. It is a great pity that many of the physicists and engineers who were scattered when the Argonne IFR project was peremptorily terminated chose to retire. Rebuilding that brain trust should be, well, a no-brainer. If one but looks at the incredible challenges those391talented people were able to meet, it seems perfectly reasonable to suppose that a focus on small sealed reactor development could likewise result in similar success. Some of those working on the AHTR and other seemingly unneeded projects could well transition to RandD that fits into the new paradigm. Japanese companies are already eager to build nuclear batteries, and there should be every effort to work in concert with them and other researchers as we develop these new technologies. The options this sort of collaborative research would open up for the many varied types of energy needs around the world would be incalculable.

Argonne’s  nanoscale materials solves all consequences associated with nanotech.

Evelyn Brown, 5-2-2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “The nano-revolution continues at Argonne,” http:~/~/m.phys.org/materials-cnm-nanoscale_html

Federal and state officials will visit Argonne National Laboratory May 6 to participate in a cornerstone-laying ceremony for the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM).The CNM, which is currently under construction, is a joint DOE-State of Illinois project to provide basic nanoscale research that will lead to industrial and commercial applications that can benefit Illinois and the country. Image: Artist's conception of the Center for Nanoscale Materials now under construction at Argonne. "Nano" refers to the scale used to measure these materials – a nanometer is 1 billionth of a meter, or about 70,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Materials at the nanoscale differ from conventional materials because traditional physics does not apply at this scale. “Intentionally building materials at the nanoscale,” said CNM Director Eric Isaacs, “allows us to explore and develop entirely new ways to tailor a material's response to temperature, electrical or magnetic fields, or chemical environments. The basic research to be conducted at the CNM is critical so that novel, environmentally safe products and applications can be effectively developed based on nanomaterials.” Industry will be able to use research revealed by CNM researchers to understand what can be expected from nanoscale materials. They will be able to create new products that will impact the fields of energy, medicine, information technology and homeland security, and to maintain the United States' leading role in science. The center's mission includes supporting basic research and development of advanced instrumentation for creating novel materials that provide new insights at the nanoscale level. The challenges involve fabricating and exploring novel nanoscale materials and, ultimately, employing unique synthesis and characterization methods to control and tailor nanoscale phenomena. The CNM will be open to academia, industry and other government laboratories through a peer-reviewed process. CNM's research facilities The facility is being built adjacent to the Advanced Photon Source, the most brilliant source of research X-rays in the Western Hemisphere. The 85,000-square foot CNM building will house research instruments, laboratories, clean rooms and work space to assist in fabricating and understanding these tiny materials. CNM's first dedicated instrument will be the pioneering nanoprobe beam line now under construction. The nanoprobe will be a hard X-ray microscopy beam line with the highest spatial resolution in the world. With its combination of fluorescence, diffraction and transmission imaging at a spatial resolution of 30 nanometers or better in a single tool, the nanoprobe will be able to penetrate samples in situ and provide information about their internal structures. An electron-beam lithography facility will provide fabrication support to CNM users, including a 100-kilovolt electron-beam lithography tool – one of a handful of such devices in the country. The center will also feature an Argonne-developed nanopositioning system for precision motion and measurement. The CNM is a joint partnership between the Department of Energy and the State of Illinois. The State of Illinois is providing $36 million to construct the building, and DOE is providing an additional $36 million to develop and build the facility's advanced instrumentation. Argonne's CNM is one of five centers being built at national laboratories across the country as part of DOE's Nanoscale Science Research Center program under the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The basic scientific research to be conducted at the CNM is predicted to lead to novel, environmentally safe products and applications that can be effectively developed based on nanomaterials. Research includes:-- Nanomaterials that could lead to 400 percent improvement in the efficiency of direct conversion of heat to electricity, and conversely in thermoelectric cooling.-- New materials to efficiently harvest light for energy generation, and for novel purposes such as selective chemical reactivity.-- The means to synthesize and understand new nanostructured materials that are potentially stronger, lighter, harder, safer and self-repairing such as nanocarbon, which has led to coatings for implantable biomedical devices such as an artificial retina.-- Developing advanced, adaptive biosensors, for instance, to monitor blood sugar levels and inject insulin directly into the blood stream.-- Fundamental understanding and design of novel nanoscale materials and chemical processes capable of capturing, converting and storing energy as electrical or chemical equivalents. These developments could lead to using energy to manipulate biological materials in processes such as gene surgery or cell repair, and facilitating conversion of light energy into therapeutic processes.-- New ways to manipulate photons and electrons, making possible a whole new class of devices, including those based on the spin of the electron.-- Nanomagnetic and nanostructured ferroelectric materials for semiconductors will provide a path that goes beyond current technology for information processing and storage. New materials and devices will be developed at the CNM that are capable of much higher storage densities that use less power and dissipate less heat. -- Nanophotonics research is poised to manipulate light at length scales much smaller than is possible using traditional optical elements, firmly placing light within the realm of the integrated circuit.-- Sensors to detect the presence of biowarfare agents, such as anthrax, in real time.

Nanotech is inevitable – safe stewardship prevents extinction.

John R. Marlow, 2004, Nanotech Columnist, nominated for the Foresight Institute Prize in Communication, NANOVEAU #002, “The Sound of Inevitability—Why Nanotech Will Happen,” http:~/~/www.nanotech-now.com/Nanoveau/htm

Unlike previous advances, however, nanotech has the capability to swiftly and irrevocably tip the scales one way or the other. "Nanotechnology could be our salvation or our destruction," Cameron confirms, and goes on to make what is perhaps the best argument of all for nanodevelopment: "But it's absolutely necessary as our salvation. We've put ourselves in a role of stewardship of a biosphere which is already compromised by our technology and the only solution to that will be a technology solution because of the burden of six billion, probably going on ten billion people by the end of this decade. So the only real salvation for the biosphere, to that kind of burden and to the things we've done to it already, will be a technological solution. We're already committed; we have to play the hand technologically. There's no going back to the Garden." Indeed, though it has not yet been released, it is already too late to put the nanogenie back in the bottle. 

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: 

Weighing consequences is inevitable even in a deontological frameworks.

Joshua Green, November 2002, Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Harvard University, The Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Truth About Morality And What To Do About It, p. 314

Some people who talk of balancing rights may think there is an algorithm for deciding which rights take priority over which. If that’s what we mean by 302 “balancing rights,” then we are wise to shun this sort of talk. Attempting to solve moral problems using a complex deontological algorithm is dogmatism at its most esoteric, but dogmatism all the same. However, it’s likely that when some people talk about “balancing competing rights and obligations” they are already thinking like consequentialists in spite of their use of deontological language. Once again, what deontological language does best is express the thoughts of people struck by strong, emotional moral intuitions: “It doesn’t matter that you can save five people by pushing him to his death. To do this would be a violation of his rights!”19 That is why angry protesters say things like, “Animals Have Rights, Too!” rather than, “Animal Testing: The Harms Outweigh the Benefits!” Once again, rights talk captures the apparent clarity of the issue and absoluteness of the answer. But sometimes rights talk persists long after the sense of clarity and absoluteness has faded. One thinks, for example, of the thousands of children whose lives are saved by drugs that were tested on animals and the “rights” of those children. One finds oneself balancing the “rights” on both sides by asking how many rabbit lives one is willing to sacrifice in order to save one human life, and so on, and at the end of the day one’s underlying thought is as thoroughly consequentialist as can be, despite the deontological gloss. And what’s wrong with that? Nothing, except for the fact that the deontological gloss adds nothing and furthers the myth that there really are “rights,” etc. Best to drop it. When deontological talk gets sophisticated, the thought it represents is either dogmatic in an esoteric sort of way or covertly consequentialist.

No collapse - capitalism is self-correcting in terms of energy – responsibility and regulations limits plundering.

Jeffrey Hollender and Bill Breen, 2010, Founder of the American Sustainable Business Council, a progressive alternative to the Chamber of Commerce, Editorial Director of the Fast Company, The Responsibility Revolution: How the Next Generation of Businesses will Win, p. xix

The responsibility revolution is about more than cutting carbon, reducing energy use, monitoring factories, or donating to charities. It’s about reimagining companies from within: innovating new ways of working, instilling a new logic of competing, identifying new possibilities for leading, and redefining the very purpose of business. Consequently, we’ve drawn on the best thinking not only from the corporate responsibility arena, but also from the realms of strategy, leadership, and management. Others, to whom we are indebted, have developed some of this book’s core principles. (We will acknowledge them as we present their ideas.) Our intent is to show how an emerging breed of business revolutionaries is turning theory into practice and building organizations that grow revenue by contributing to the greater good. This is a book about change, but it seeks to help companies change on the inside—change their priorities, the way they organize, how they compete, and the way they interact with the world. We fully concede that many companies, perhaps even most companies, won’t willingly alter their behavior. But they will change nonetheless, and it won’t be because they’ve suddenly seen the light. It will be because massive numbers of consumers, a spreading swarm of competitors, values-driven employees, and even that laggard indicator, the federal government, makes them change. Change is under way. The responsibility revolution spreads. Perhaps you’ve seen the insurrection begin to roil your industry, and you’re determined to get out in front of it. If so, welcome to the cause.

Prefer our evidence – they conflate bad human decision making with capitalism.

Jay Richards, 2009, PhD with honors in Philosophy and Theology from Princeton, Money, Greed, and God: Why Capitalism Is the Solution and Not the Problem, p. 164

Too many critics confuse the free market with the bad choices free people make. Rod Dreher, for instance, chastises fellow conservatives, saying, “We look down on the liberal libertine who asserts the moral primacy of sexual free choice, but some- how miss that the free market we so uncritically accepts exalts personal fulfillment through individual choice as the summit of human existence.”9 Perhaps they miss that fact because it’s not a fact. The free market doesn’t exalt anything. Human beings exalt and denounce things like sexual free choice. Human beings might exalt “individual choice as the summit of human exis- tence,” but a system of free exchange doesn’t do that. In a free economy, sinful entrepreneurs may entice customers with pornography, and sinful customers may buy it. But having free choices in the market doesn’t dictate what people will choose. That’s the whole point of freedom: it always involves costs—that is, trade-offs. To choose one path is to foreclose the opposite path. Even God accepted trade-offs. He chose to create a world with free beings, one that allowed those beings to turn against him. And they did. But their freedom didn’t cause them to choose the bad. It just allowed them to. So, too, with a free economy. Critics notice all the vice present in free societies. But it is only in free societies that we can fully exercise our virtue. Charity is charity, for instance, only if it’s not coerced. Besides, there’s no evidence that state control of the economy makes a citizenry more virtuous. Every social ill in modern- day America, from widespread abortion and alcoholism to family breakdown, was much worse in statist and communist countries.

The move to IFR is necessary to solve the root causes of exploitation - ends want and war – great divide is based on mis-understanding.

David Walters, 6-14-2011, worked as a union power plant operator for 24 years in California, currently a member of Socialist Organizer, US Section of the Fourth International, Permanent Revolution, “FUKUSHIMA, NUCLEAR ENERGY AND A SOCIALIST PROGRAM,” http:~/~/climateandcapitalism.com/2011/06/14/socialist-arguments-for-nuclear-power/http://climateandcapitalism.com/2011/06/14/socialist-arguments-for-nuclear-power/

We have serious issues facing our class, our planet. From economic development of the productive forces in the oppressed neo-colonial world to raise their standard of living, to the phasing out of climate-changing fossil fuel use, we are going to require more, not, less energy, specifically electricity. Most on the left are at best confused by this and at worse, seek a return to some sort of pastoral green, “democratic” pre-industrial utopia. As Marxists we should reject this “we use too much” scenario that has infected the left across the world. We certainly should use energy more wisely, more efficiently and with a sense of conservation. This can happen only when the profit motive is removed and scarcity in basic necessities is a thing of the past. No one should object to this. But these things do not produce one watt of power, especially if you consider what we have to do. These include: Switching off from fossil fuels completely (they should be used only as chemical feedstock, i.e. as the basic material to make chemicals and lubricants) Increasing the development of the productive forces especially in the developing world. This means developing whole electrical grids, new, primarily non-fossil fuel, forms of generation and the infrastructure to support this, for the billions without any electrical usage at all Freeing up the productive forces to eliminate all forms of want as the material basis for a true socialist mode of production. Using nuclear energy is both the cheapest and safest way to do this. George Monbiot in his latest entry on his blog* challenges the renewable energy advocates with some hard questions. No socialist by any means, Monbiot has brought attention to the issue of energy and what it will take to reduce carbon emissions. He notes, writing on Britain, among other things: “1. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions means increasing electricity production. It is hard to see a way around this. Because low-carbon electricity is the best means of replacing the fossil fuels used for heating and transport, electricity generation will rise, even if we manage to engineer a massive reduction in overall energy consumption. The Zero Carbon Britain report published by the Centre for Alternative Technology envisages a 55% cut in overall energy demand by 2030 – and a near-doubling of electricity production.” How is this electricity going to be produced in a sustained and regular way? We know wind generated power is erratic and variable, a problem only partially solvable by new continental wide electricity grids. We know other forms of low carbon power – tidal, coal with carbon capture and storage, large scale solar – are experimental and even if viable are likely to turn out more expensive than nuclear. We get no answer from so-called socialist Greens on this problem, at least not yet. They simply have not considered the real issues. Monbiot goes on: “3. The only viable low-carbon alternative we have at the moment is nuclear power. This has the advantage of being confined to compact industrial sites, rather than sprawling over the countryside, and of requiring fewer new grid connections (especially if new plants are built next to the old ones). It has the following disadvantages: “a. The current generation of power stations require uranium mining, which destroys habitats and pollutes land and water. Though its global impacts are much smaller than the global impacts of coal, the damage it causes cannot be overlooked. “b. The waste it produces must be stored for long enough to be rendered safe. It is not technically difficult to do this, with vitrification, encasement and deep burial, but governments keep delaying their decisions as a result of public opposition. “Both these issues (as well as concerns about proliferation and security) could be addressed through the replacement of conventional nuclear power with thorium or integral fast reactors but, partly as a result of public resistance to atomic energy, neither technology has yet been developed. (I’ll explore the potential of both approaches in a later column).” I want to address this last point. Monbiot is slowly seeing his way to something that has taken a long time: that nuclear energy is really the only way to go, even in light of the “big three” accidents: Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima. These new technologies he mentions, the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor (which doesn’t require any uranium mining, enrichment or long term disposal of spent fuel) and the Integral Fast Reactor, provide the material basis for eliminating all fossil fuels and for a future society without want, wars or exploitation that is a socialist one. Where Monbiot and I come together is not, obviously, the socialist requirement to get rid of capitalism. It is over the need for more energy, not less. It is over the realization that renewables cannot do it except in the most utopian of fantasies. The real “Great Divide” is between those among the Greens who run on fear and fantasy, and those socialists that have a materialist understanding of the need to move toward a society based not just on current human needs alone, but on expanding humanity’s ability to power such a society. Only nuclear can do this.

This means the plan is a pre-requisite - criticizing the current economic system is insufficient without a specific and workable alternative – a moral stand is not enough to start a revolution.

Lawrence Grossburg, 1992, Professor of COMS at UNC, Communication Studies Professor at UNC, We Gotta Get Out of This Place, p. 388-89

If it is capitalism that is at stake, our moral opposition to it has to be tempered by the realities of the world and the possibilities of political change. Taking a simple negative relation to it, as if the moral condemnaotion of the evil of capitalism is sufficient (granting that it does establish grotesque systems of inequality and oppression) is not likely to establish a viable political agenda. First, it is not at all clear what it would mean to overthrow capitalism in the current situation. Unfortunately, despite our desires, the “masses” are not waiting to be led into revolution, and it is not simply a case of their failure to recognize their own best interests, as if we did. Are we to decide—rather undemocratically, I might add—to overthrow capitalism in spite of their legitimate desires? Second, as much as capitalism is the cause of many of the major threats facing the world, at the moment it may also be one of the few forces of stability, unity and even, within limits, a certain “civility” in the world. The working system is, unfortunately, simply too precarious and the alternative options not all that promising. Finally, the appeal of an as yet unarticulated and even unimagined future, while perhaps powerful as a moral imperative, is simply too weak in the current context to effectively organize people, and too vague to provide any direction. Instead, the Left must think of ways to rearticulate capitalism without either giving up the critique or naively assuming that it can create  capitalism with a human heart.”

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: 

No cascade of proliferation - their lit base is all lobbyist scaremongering

Steve Kidd, June 2010, Director of Strategy and Research at the World Nuclear Association, where he has worked since 1995, when it was the Uranium Institute, “Nuclear proliferation risk – is it vastly overrated?,” http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?sc=2056931

The real problem is that nuclear non-proliferation and security have powerful lobby groups behind them, largely claiming to have nothing against nuclear power as such, apart from the dangers of misuse of nuclear technology. In fact in Washington DC, home of the US federal government, there is a cottage industry of lobby groups dedicated to this. Those who oppose their scaremongering (and it essentially amounts to no more than this) are castigated as being in the industry’s pocket or acting unresponsively to allegedly genuinely expressed public fears. Pointing out that very few new countries will acquire nuclear power by even 2030, and that very few of these will likely express any interest in acquiring enrichment or reprocessing facilities, seems to go completely over their heads. In any case, nuclear fuel cycle technologies are very expensive to acquire and it makes perfect sense to buy nuclear fuel from the existing commercial international supply chain. This already guarantees security of supply, so moves towards international fuel banks are essentially irrelevant, while measures supposedly to increase the proliferation resistance of the fuel cycle are unwarranted, particularly if they impose additional costs on the industry

South Korea will reprocess anyway.

Chad O’Carroll, 11-9-2012, “U.S.-Korea Relations after Obama’s Reelection,” Korea Economic Institute, http:~/~/blog.keia.org/2012/11/u-s-korea-relations-after-obamas-reelection/http://blog.keia.org/2012/11/u-s-korea-relations-after-obamas-reelection/, accessed 11-11-2012.

An additional hurdle that could set back U.S. – Korea relations relates to Seoul’s domestic nuclear power infrastructure. The current U.S.-ROK nuclear energy agreement is due to expire in March 2014 and South Korea is now increasingly eager to make use of the spent fuel from its nuclear reactors. Having outlined a goal of processing the spent fuel through a capability known as pyroprocessing, South Korea hopes to potentially recycle fuel by using the transuranic elements in fast reactors. As the world’s sixth biggest exporter of nuclear power plants, South Korea has an understandable desire to close the nuclear fuel cycle – doing so will put it in an even better position to offer full range of nuclear services worldwide and attract additional contracts. However, if the ROK were to be allowed to develop a reprocessing facility there would be consequences for global non-proliferation regime and implications for the dismantling of the DPRK nuclear program. As such, it is a delicate issue that will require thoughtful diplomacy to resolve.

South Korea will look for a way to recycle inevitably – U.S. pyro-processing would alleviate these risks.

Choe Sang-Hun, 7-13-2010, staff writer, The New York Times, “U.S. Wary of South Korea’s Plan to Reuse Nuclear Fuel,” http:~/~/www.nytimes.com/2010/07/14/world/asia/14seoul.html

 “The Americans say no to recycling, but don’t offer an alternative,” said Lee Un-chul, a nuclear scientist at Seoul National University. “They think we might change our minds and build nuclear weapons, depending on the situation with North Korea. In short, they don’t trust us. This is frustrating. We have to fight.” That tug of war begins later this year when the two allies start renegotiating their nuclear treaty, which expires in 2014. South Korea is the site of the next nuclear security summit meeting, in 2012. Analysts here say that any new deal that would permit Washington to continue blocking South Korea from recycling its fuel — even though it has agreed to let India, which is not even a member of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, do so — would hurt the national pride of the South Koreans, who have been loyal allies. According to local news reports, the South Korean government also wants to acquire a uranium enrichment capacity to make the traditional fuel for reactors — another activity banned by the 1974 accord because enriched uranium can also be used for weapons. South Korea’s ambition is tied to its drive to become a major exporter of nuclear reactors. In December, it won a $20 billion contract to build four nuclear plants in the United Arab Emirates. Possible options, according to analysts in the United States and South Korea, include sending South Korea’s spent nuclear fuel to another country, for instance to France, for reprocessing, or constructing a recycling plant in South Korea and placing it under multinational control for security. “It’s really our responsibility to work cooperatively with other governments to find ways that the benefits of the peaceful use of nuclear power can be obtained without leading to dangerous fuel-cycle activities proliferating,” said Daniel B. Poneman, the United States deputy secretary of energy, in Seoul last month. South Korean engineers are championing a new technology called pyroprocessing, which the Bush administration endorsed. They call it “proliferation-resistant” because the plutonium produced through pyroprocessing is not pure and cannot be used directly for nuclear weapons.

The plan can serve as a separate test case for the alliance instead – cooperation without approval.

Seongho Sheen, June 2011, is an assistant professor at the Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul National University, previously, he was an assistant research professor at Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS), Honolulu, Hawaii, and a research fellow at Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (IFPA), Cambridge, United States, The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, Vol. 23 No. 2, “Nuclear Sovereignty versus Nuclear Security: Renewing the ROK-U.S. Atomic Energy Agreement,” p. 12, http:~/~/www.brookings.edu/~~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/08_nuclear_korea_sheen/08_nuclear_korea_pdf

In addition, Korean scientists have collaborated with both IAEA and Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists on safeguards for pyroprocessing since 2002. ROK-U.S. joint-research on pyroprocessing and its safeguards would address Seoul’s aspirations to become a leader in next-generation nuclear technology, without giving South Korea long-term consent for outright reprocessing of its own. In an interview with the Korean media, the American ambassador to Seoul, Kathleen Stevens, said that the United States and South Korea could find a solution to take into consideration both South Korea’s reprocessing aspirations and international concerns over nuclear non-proliferation.44 After the first official meeting between delegations from both sides, the two governments announced that they had discussed a proposed joint study on nuclear power reactor spent fuel disposition options, including pyroprocessing.45

Without the plan and a de facto re-arrangement of the 2014 agreement the ROK alliance will collapse and it will empower nationalists.

Seongho Sheen, June 2011, assistant professor at Seoul National University, was an assistant research professor at Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS), Honolulu, Hawaii, and a research fellow at Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (IFPA), “Nuclear Sovereignty versus Nuclear Security: Renewing the ROK-U.S. Atomic Energy Agreement,” The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol. 23 No. 2, p. 273–88, http:~/~/www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/08/edu/research/papers/2011/08/nuclear-korea-sheen

The most important challenge for Washington and Seoul is to prevent the issue from becoming a test-case for the alliance. During their summit meeting in June 2009, President Obama and President Lee promised close cooperation regarding the peace-282 Seongho Sheen Nuclear Sovereignty versus Nuclear Security 283ful use of nuclear energy, among others.35 Yet, any hint of U.S. objections to South Korea’s demand for “peaceful” nuclear sovereignty could send the current amicable alliance relationship into turmoil, as shown during the fierce anti-American rallies in Seoul over the U.S. beef import issue in 2008. Many South Koreans often compare the ROK-U.S. revision of the atomic agreement with the U.S.-Japan revision in the1980s. In its renegotiation in the late 1980s of its nuclear agreement with the United States, Japan acquired an advanced agreement on full-scale spent fuel reprocessing and uranium enrichment. Japan has become the only non-nuclear weapons state with a full reprocessing capability.36 Washington believed that Japan posed no proliferation risk given its excellent nonproliferation credentials; however, many in South Korea think that they deserve the same right. Washington seems to have difficulty in giving the same benefit of doubt to South Korea when it comes to sensitive nuclear technology. They may say South Korea is different from Japan, which already had reprocessing and enrichment plants under the existing agreement that was agreed to before North Korea’s nuclear program was revealed. Yet, it will be difficult for the United States to simply ignore South Korea’s demand and its growing nuclear capacity because South Korea, along with Japan, is one of the most important U.S. allies in Asia. It will be a challenge for the United States to balance its bilateral alliance management with Seoul and its commitment to global nonproliferation efforts. An editorial in the Chosun Ilbo, a prominent Korean newspaper, warned the ROK-U.S. alliance could, “come under strain if Washington stubbornly insists on blocking South Korea from reprocessing.”37 For many Koreans the negotiation could be another test case for the U.S. commitment to the alliance after the very controversial KORUS FTA negotiations. The U.S. attitude could be regarded as another referendum on America’s sincerity and respect for South Korea’s status as a key ally. The comparison with Japan would provide a compelling case for both critics and supporters of the alliance in Korea. In addition, the 2008Bush administration’s decision to award another long-term consent to India for reprocessing nuclear waste will make it more difficult for U.S. negotiators to persuade Seoul to forgo the same right.38 How minor they might be, some strong nationalists may even argue for the need for South Korea to have its own nuclear weapons program. Recently, Kim Dae-Joong, a prominent Korean conservative journalist called for a South Korean nuclear weapons program.39 In addition, some members of the National Assembly argued for having a “conditional” nuclear option until the complete resolution of North Korea’s nuclear issue.40

1AR

Obama reversing stand now.

Rajaram Panda, 11-11- 2012, Obama-II And The Korean Peninsula: The Road Ahead – Analysis, Eurasia Review, http://www.eurasiareview.com/11112012-obama-ii-and-the-korean-peninsula-the-road-ahead-analysis/
Handling the issue of a bilateral civilian nuclear energy cooperation pact that is set to expire in early 2014 is another tricky one. Seoul is seeking more non-military nuclear activities, including the enrichment of uranium and reprocessing of spent fuel rods. According to Bruce Klinger at the Heritage Foundation, if Obama in his second term will be “willing to make adjustments in his non-proliferation policies to accommodate Korean interests, or whether UN non-proliferation interests ultimately serve as constraints that will limit the development of South Korea’s nuclear program” remains to be seen. With no burden of re-election, Obama is expected to be more active on the Korean peninsula policy.

No impact to South Korean proliferation from reprocessing.

Scott A. Snyder, 11-9-2012, is a project manager for the Partnership for Nuclear Security at CRDF Global, council on foreign relations, http://blogs.cfr.org/asia/2012/11/09/counterproliferation-and-global-korea/
On export controls, the ROK is an example of a state that has worked to prevent proliferation by developing a robust set of export controls, while not slowing its export driven economy. As recently as 2005, a poll by the Korea International Trade Association found that, while most Koreans supported the idea of export controls, two-thirds of export companies did not understand the export control system. Eleven percent had “never heard of the export control system” at all. Less than 40 percent of these firms regularly secured authorization from the government before they exported materials abroad or checked to see if their exports were prohibited. The ROK has worked to address these issues by creating training on export controls, enforcing the law more rigorously, and installing an effective online system for businesses to consult export control guidelines and apply for licenses. Having made these changes in the recent past, and having good relations with its neighbors in East Asia, South Korea can provide training programs on export controls to other states in East Asia. As a nuclear technology exporter, Seoul has an opportunity to establish nuclear standards that can support nonproliferation efforts globally. As it works to export nuclear technology, South Korea can also provide training to ensure that there is an effective security culture at plants and facilities, and that those facilities are effectively audited. South Korea could also work with the nuclear suppliers groups to restrict the transfer of enrichment and reprocessing technology, and require adoption of the IAEA Additional Protocol for all states to which it supplies nuclear technology.

Tournament: Shirley | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: 

Farm bill not key – no impact.

Vince Smith, 9-14-2012, an American Enterprise Institute visiting fellow, a professor at Montana State University, “Commentary: What if there is no new farm bill?” http://www.cattlenetwork.com/cattle-news/Commentary-What-if-there-is-no-new-farm-bill-169791146.html

The short answer: The sky won’t fall. The longer and more nuanced answer: Heck no, the sky won’t fall. To put pressure on the House Republican leadership, some farm lobby groups are arguing that the agricultural sector will face severe problems if a new farm bill is not in place by Sept. 30, two weeks from now. The truth is that very little would happen, either in agricultural commodity markets or on the farm, at least over the next eight months. The reason: many important farm subsidy programs are authorized by other legislation, have their own appropriated funds or involve long term contracts that would be unaffected by the fact that the authorizing legislation, the 2008 farm bill, expires at the end of this month. Such programs include the federal crop insurance program, through which the largest amount of federal subsidies (estimated by the Congressional Budget Office to be about $9 billion annually) are currently channeled to farmers, and most of the annual outlays under the Conservation Reserve Program (currently about $1.6 billion) which are typically dispersed through 10- or 15-year contracts with individual farmers. In addition, in October, farmers will still receive their 2012 crop-year welfare checks worth $5 billion through the Direct Payments program. This program will expire in 2013 if there is no new farm bill, but funds this year have already been appropriated to make those payments. An extremely useful report by Congressional Research Service staff, published on July 25 of this year, lays out what would happen to each of the major farm subsidy programs if Congress took no action to extend the provisions of the 2008 farm bill for either a few weeks, a few months or up to a year. While programs that authorize for mandatory funding under the 2008 farm bill could be subject to suspension, the CRS report points out that many of those programs, including nutrition programs, have their own appropriated funds. The General Accounting Office has determined that programs with appropriated funds, which include many farm programs, do not have to be authorized by current legislation. In fact, the problems created by an expiring farm bill have been easily addressed by Congress in the past. The 2008 farm bill should have been the 2007 farm bill (as its predecessor, the 2002 farm bill, expired on Sept. 30, 2007). However, while the House passed a farm bill in July 2007, the Senate did not get its “act” together until May 2008. The solution to the potential “hiatus” problem was simple; to get from Oct. 1, 2007, to late May 2008, Congress passed six very short-term extensions of the 2002 farm bill provisions. Congress can, and as recently suggested by the ranking member on the Senate Agricultural Committee, Senator Pat Roberts, R-Kan., almost surely in the end will adopt a similar strategy now. So the sky won’t fall, Chicken Little will mend the bump on his head from the acorn, and U.S. agricultural, which the USDA predicts will earn record revenues and profits from its 2012 crops, livestock sales and government subsidies, will continue to enjoy a banner year.

No food price spillover.

Robert Paarlberg, 6-27-2008, professor of political science at Wellesley College and a visiting professor of government at Harvard University, “The Real Food Crisis,” Chronicle of Higher Education, Lexis Nexis

Ironically, it was only when the so-called food crisis of the 1970s came to an end, during the slow-growth decade of the 1980s, that food circumstances in poor countries significantly worsened. In Latin America, even though world food prices were falling sharply, the number of hungry people increased from 46 million to more than 60 million. The reason was a regional "debt crisis" triggered by higher U.S. interest rates after 1979. The number of hungry people also increased sharply in Africa during the 1980s. The reason was faltering farm production, exacerbated in some regions by severe drought and civil conflict. The price for imported food was down, but hunger was up. Most real food crises are local rather than global.

Congress will punt the farm bill to next year – cites experts.

KRVN, 11-8-2012, “Analyst Says with Other Pressing Issues, Farm Bill May Not Happen until April 2013,” http:~/~/krvn.com/news/agricultural/index.php?more=php?more=xv3bafyb

Top Farm Policy Expert Barry Flinchbaugh - Kansas State University Ag Economist - predicts a new five-year farm bill won't be passed until April 2013 - with the many pieces of legislation Congress needs to take care of now that the election is over. Flinchbaugh also predicts that bill will look a lot like the Senate's version. But with the re-election of President Barack Obama - Flinchbaugh says chances are better for getting a farm bill passed during the lame duck session. Most farm policy analysts expect Congress will extend the 2008 Farm Bill if a new bill can't get passed by December 31st. Flinchbaugh says he doesn't know where Congress will get the money for a one-year extension - so they may do a 30-day extension or 60-day extension until a new one is passed - but he notes the farm bill is a minor issue compared to the fiscal cliff. That cliff came from Republicans and Democrats in 2011 locking themselves into mandatory budget cuts and tax increases in January 2013 to avoid raising the U.S. debt ceiling. Flinchbaugh says if Congress attempts to kick the can down the road one more time - by spring - federal Treasury bonds will be rated BB instead of the AA rating they have now.

Farm bill won’t pass – fiscal cliff comes first and even if it were to pass it is ineffective.

Steve Ellis and Scott Faber, 11-8-2012, is vice president of Taxpayers for Common Sense and Scott Faber is vice president of government affairs at Environmental Working Group, “Pass a fiscally responsible Farm Bill extension,” The Hill, http:~/~/thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/266935-com/blogs/congress-blog/economy-a-budget/266935-pass-a-fiscally-responsible-farm-bill-extension

It’s too late for Congress to pass a good farm bill this year. The upcoming lame duck session of the 112th Congress will have its hands full dealing with the “fiscal cliff” and should focus on issues that simply cannot wait. Spending what little legislative time remains on a nearly trillion-dollar, multi-year bill that would boost taxpayer subsidies for agriculture – a sector that booked record profits of $122 billion this year – would be irresponsible. Congress must instead pass a one-year farm bill extension, fully paid for with modest cuts to subsidies for those who don’t need taxpayer support, while concentrating on the truly pressing issues facing the nation. Far more important problems must be resolved during the waning days of this Congress. Unless lawmakers act, the imminent expiration of the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts and the Alternative Minimum Tax “patch” will hit hard at the family budgets of millions of Americans, and on Jan. 2 across-the-board cuts will lop more than $100 billion from both defense and non-defense spending. The indiscriminate cuts will come just as states devastated by Superstorm Sandy come looking for additional disaster relief and federal flood insurance must be expanded to cover claims.  The 112th Congress will need to accomplish more in its last two months than it has managed to do in two years. It had 22 months to pass a farm bill. The House never even debated one. Lawmakers should pass the baton to the 113th Congress and instead approve a responsible one-year farm bill extension that does not ignore the country’s fiscal crisis or the realities of a 21st century economy. This will allow the new Congress time to address important and unresolved agriculture policy issues in an open, transparent and fiscally responsible way.

Loan guarantees for nuclear specifically popular – lower tax liability.

Sharon Squassoni, November 2009, is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the nonprolifera-tion program. Prior to joining Carnegie, she held various positions in the US government, including at the Congressional research Service, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the US State Department, is a frequent contributor to journals, magazines and books on nuclear proliferation and defense, The Centre for International Governance Innovation, No. 7, “The US Nuclear Industry: Current Status and Prospects under the Obama Administration,” p. 8, http:~/~/www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Nuclear_Energy_7_0.pdf

The single most important spur to build new reactors in the United States is loan guarantees. In fact, industry sources indicate they are so critical that new plants may not be built without them. These guarantees are attractive to the US Congress because they offer a way to influence markets and incentivize specific projects, and because they are “scored” as a lower liability for the taxpayer than the actual amount. Thus, a potential US$50 billion in loan guarantees could be scored by the Congressional Budget Office as only costing the taxpayer US$500 million. As originally proposed in the Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 2005, loan guarantees would only have applied to nuclear power, but this was broadened to apply to a wide range of “innovative energy technologies,” including renewable energy technologies, which further extends their attractiveness within Congress.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Harvard | Judge: 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase commercial loan guarantees to develop and deploy Power Reactor Innovative Small Module reactors for the purpose of energy production in the United States.
1AC
ADVANTAGE 1

Is Russian Security
Dealing with waste is inevitable in the squo
George Monbiot, 12-5-2011, is a writer, known for his environmental and political activism, writes a weekly column for The Guardian, and is the author of a number of books, The Guardian, “A Waste of Waste,” http://www.monbiot.com/2011/12/05/a-waste-of-waste/
The temptation, when a great mistake has been made, is to seek ever
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the radical step of using science, not superstition, as our guide.

GNEP/IFNEC is faltering – key to securing fissile material
Tim Gitzel, July 2012, senior vice-president and chief operating officer and was appointed president, President and CEO of Cameco, extensive experience in Canadian and international uranium mining activities, executive vice-president, mining business unit for AREVA, College of Law at the University of Saskatchewan, serves as vice-chair on both the Mining Association of Canada and the Canadian Nuclear Association boards of directors, past president of the Saskatchewan Mining Association, and has served on the boards of Sask Energy, co-chair of the Royal Care campaign, a recipient of the Centennial Medal, World Nuclear Association (WNA),  “International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (formerly Global Nuclear Energy Partnership),” http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf117_international_framework_nuclear_energy_cooperation.html
The International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC), formerly the Global Nuclear Energy
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framework that IFNEC will possibly make its primary contribution to reducing proliferation risk.
The plan would cause quick U.S.-Russia PRISM commercialization and fissile material oversight.
Tom Blees, 6-4-2011, is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, BraveNewClimate,”Disposal of UK plutonium stocks with a climate change focus,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/06/04/uk-pu-cc/
While the scientists and engineers were perfecting the many revolutionary features of the IFR at
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only about providing abundant energy but also in maintaining control over fissile materials.
Russian nuclear security is a joke spent nuclear fuel is highly vulnerable to terrorist theft – cited means and motivation.
Stephen Menesick, Summer 2011, Political Science and Peace, War and Defense, public policy analysis, Unviersity of Chapel Hill,  Global Security Studies, Vol. 2 Issue 3, “ Preventing the Unthinkable: An Overview of Threats, Risks, and US Policy Response to Nuclear Terrorism,” p. 5-6,  http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Menesick%20Nuclear%20Final.pdf
The outlook in Russia is bleaker. After the Cold War, many Russian nuclear
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people willing to make it into a usable weapon if they cannot themselves.

Causes retaliation and global nuclear war – only the plan solves.
Patrick F. Speice, Jr., Feburary 2006,  is an associate in Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher's Washington, D.C. office, works in the firm’s International Trade Regulation and Compliance Department, focusing on export controls, foreign regulations, and economic sanctions, earned his J.D. in 2006 from the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary, William and Mary Research Fellowpolitical science, Wake Forest University, authored or co-authored professional articles, includes representation of clients in Foreign Corrupt Practices matters and securities investigations, “Negligence and Nuclear Nonproliferation,” William and Mary Law Review, Lexis Nexis
Accordingly, there is a significant and ever-present risk that terrorists could acquire
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the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons. 53  
By itself terrorism causes extinction.
Owen B. Toon, 4-19-2007, is professor of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and a fellow at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado received his Ph.D. from Cornell University, in cloud physics, atmospheric chemistry and radiative transfer, “Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism,” Atmosphere Chemistry Physics
To an increasing extent, people are congregating in the world’s great urban centers,
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should be carried out as well for the present scenarios and physical outcomes.
Advantage 2
Is Peak Energy
Peak energy is coming – extinction
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 82, Amazon.com
All in all, carbon and hydrocarbon availability will also certainly peak and diminish in
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. But first, we will examine further the evidence for its need.

Decrease in fossil fuel imports hasn’t changed our energy vulnerabilities – without a new energy paradigm coming price shocks will cause hollowing out of the economy and war.
Gal Luft and Anne Korin, July/August 2012, co-directors of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS) and senior advisers to the United States Energy Security Council, They are co-authors of Turning Oil into Salt: Energy Independence through Fuel Choice and Petropoly: The Collapse of America’s Energy Security Paradigm, The American Interest, “The Folly of Energy Independence,” http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1266
In recent years America’s volume of imported oil has dropped significantly even as the price
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will stop this tide. What is needed is a new energy paradigm.

We could start building hundreds of reactors by 2015 – cost competitive option.
Steve Kirsch, 2011, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), writer for the Huffington Post, CEO Kirsch foundation on climate, founder/head of Center for Energy and Climate Change, National Award from the Caring Institute in Washington DC, written much about the Integral Fast Reactor, Fellow, with the Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Steve Kirsch’s blog, “The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) project: QandA,” http://skirsch.com/politics/globalwarming/ifrQandA.htm
*cites Charles Till, former Associate Director, Argonne National Laboratory, The National Academy Studies, James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Ray Hunter, former Deputy Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Leonard Koch, winner of the Global Energy International Prize, Barry Brook Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change*
I do not agree that nuclear energy would be "a costly option," especially
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, but just between you and me that's the way I see it.

Global economic crisis causes war - strong statistical support - also causes great power transitions.
Jedediah Royal, 2010, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-14
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
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popularity, are statistically linked to an increase in the use of force.

Pyro-processing could solve our energy needs and the economy – four times global oil reserves and the multiplier effect.
Joseph Shuster, 9-8-2011, Ph.D. University of Minnesota, is a chemical engineer, who has spent his entire career in engineering in energy-related issues, he co-founded Minnesota Valley Engineering, founded or co-founded seven other technology based companies and has served on the Board of Directors of over twenty international firms, accurately predicted the oil embargo of 1973 in an energy report he wrote for the U.S. Congress, Response to Draft Report From Obama’s Blue Ribbon Commission (BRC) on America’s Nuclear Future, “Most Commissioners Were Not Qualified,” p. 2,  http://www.beyondfossilfools.com/assets/files/BRCresponse.pdf
Fixing America’s energy problems over the next 30 years would add approximately 2% per
AND
This may be the result of simply unqualified individuals being on the commission.
Conversion to borocars will happen immediately – PRISM fuel is key
Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 165
Already five years ago oxygen extractors were almost small enough, even with their efficiency
AND
, saving both money (especially the high capital cost) and energy.
 

Fossil fuel production by powerhouses like Saudi Arabia are falling the status quo – no other substitutes because of the size of U.S. imports, this means nuclear is the only option.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 87-8, Amazon.com
The giant oil fields are found first. Because of this, there have been
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market volatility in oil and gasoline prices begin to suggest what lies ahead.
Nuclear power is the most economic source of base-load power - displaces fossil-fuel combustion while remaining competitive.
Alexander DeVolpi, 2-28-2010, been active in nuclear-arms policy and treaty-verification technology studies for over 25 years, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois (and other national laboratories) involved nearly 40 years of lab, field, and analytical activities in instrumentation, nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, reactor safety, radioisotopes, experiments, verification technology, and arms control, the Defense Nuclear Agency, On-Site Inspection Agency, all the Department of Energy weapons labs, with the Departments of Defense and State, author or coauthor of several books, Ph.D. in physics (and MS in nuclear engineering physics) from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, certificate from the Argonne International Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, managing nuclear diagnostics for the Reactor Analysis and Safety Division at Argonne, and becoming technical manager of the arms-control and nonproliferation program, Who’s Who in Frontiers of Science and Technology, American Men and Women of Science, fellow of the American Physical Society, technical consultant in the Federation of American Scientists/Natural Resources Defense Council joint project, ScienceTechnologyHistory, “NUCLEAR EXPERTISE: The Amory Lovins Charade,” http://sciencetechnologyhistory.wordpress.com/article/nuclear-expertise-the-amory-lovins-1gsyt5k142kc5-20/
Moreover, if Lovins had his way, we would not have conserved the electricity
AND
to undermine the reliability of nuclear power egregiously fails the smell test.  
Natural gas won’t serve as a bridge for a renewables transition – price shocks and link to peak oil.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 89, Amazon.com
Natural gas is linked to oil. It has been suggested that a “natural
AND
permeability, and consequently low (and consequently more expensive) recoveries.  
Energy competition is likely – predictions by consensus of knowledgeable institutions and observers.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 97, Amazon.com
Soon the world’s energy need will no longer be dominated by the western world.
AND
at least the first peak—in total world energy production and consumption.

Coal will peak soon because of extraction problems and resource distribution.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 91, Amazon.com
Coal outlook is the least well-defined. Although coal is mined on every
AND
magnitude must be made, and soon. Yet little is being done.

No form of energy except for PRISMS can displace fossil fuels – failure to start switching now means worse crunch in the long-run.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 99, Amazon.com
Tar sands and oil shale recovery are constrained by shortages of gas and water for
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have real political influence. They must face these facts. Will they? 

Consensus on peak oil now – new data from oil insiders that we’ve reached the production tipping point.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 88-9, Amazon.com
Two very different views of the world’s future oil production have challenged each other in
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the crisis point is not the same as preparing a solution for it.


Resource wars defense doesn’t apply – energy imports like coal and gas create new radical security alliances which draw us into great power wars – laundry list of hotspots.
Charles Glaser, 4-27-2011, is professor in the Elliott School of International Affairs and the Department of Political Science, and Director of the Elliott School's Institute for Security and Conflict Studies, holds a Ph.D. from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, MA in Physics and an MPP from Harvard, Emmett Dedmon Professor of Public Policy and Deputy Dean at the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago, was a visiting fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford, served on the Joint Staff in the Pentagon, a research associate at the Center of International Studies at MIT, Security Studies Program Seminar, “International Security Implications of Energy Dependence and Vulnerability,” http://web.mit.edu/ssp/seminars/wed_archives_2011Spring/glaser.html
The question to be answered is this: “How does US energy dependence,
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like territory, which invokes a more traditional set of mechanisms for conflict. 

Advantage 3
Is spent fuel
Utilities currently store waste in interim storage on site – no reprocessing forces this option.
Robert Alvarez, May 2011, is a Senior Scholar at IPS, where he is currently focused on nuclear disarmament, environmental, and energy policies, former secretary in the DOE, “Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools in the U.S.: Reducing the Deadly Risks of Storage”, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.scribd.com/doc/95322584/Spent-Nuclear-FuelPools-in-the-U-S-Reducing-the-Deadly-Risks-of-Storage
This tragic event is casting a spotlight on the spent fuel pools at U.
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fuel... This has become a fact of life for nuclear power stations.
U.S. spent fuel pools are a unique risk for mass radiation leaks due to poor protection.
Robert Alvarez, May 2011, is a Senior Scholar at IPS, where he is currently focused on nuclear disarmament, environmental, and energy policies, former secretary in the DOE, “Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools in the U.S.: Reducing the Deadly Risks of Storage”, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.scribd.com/doc/95322584/Spent-Nuclear-FuelPools-in-the-U-S-Reducing-the-Deadly-Risks-of-Storage
Nearly 40 percent of the radioactivity in U.S. spent fuel is cesium
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proper containment and several have large cavities beneath them which could exacerbate leakage.
Accident is likely now - the majority of U.S. spent fuel pools are in earthquake zones.
Robert Alvarez, May 2011, is a Senior Scholar at IPS, where he is currently focused on nuclear disarmament, environmental, and energy policies, former secretary in the DOE, “Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools in the U.S.: Reducing the Deadly Risks of Storage”, Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.scribd.com/doc/95322584/Spent-Nuclear-FuelPools-in-the-U-S-Reducing-the-Deadly-Risks-of-Storage
There are 104 U.S. commercial nuclear reactors operating at 64 sites in
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. Several of these reactors are located in earthquake zones (Figure 5).
No time to contain a U.S. waste spill due to an earthquake.
Tony Dutzik, 3-17-2011, is senior policy analyst, “What Are the Risks Posed by Spent Fuel Pools in the United States?,” Frontier Group, http://www.frontiergroup.org/blogs/blog/fg/what-are-risks-posed-spent-fuel-pools-united-states
The risks of radiation releases from the loss of coolant from spent fuel pools are
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the simplifications assumed for the loss-of-pool-coolant scenario.”
PRISMs utilize spent fuel pools as catalysts for energy - eliminates waste.
W.H. Hannum et. al, 2010, has been a senior official with the Department of Energy, H.F. McFarlane earned his Ph.D. in engineering science at California Institute of Technology, is currently associate director of the Technology Development Division at Argonne National Laboratory, D.C. Wade is a Senior Technical Advisor, Distinguished Fellow Engineer Nuclear Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory, R.N. Hill is the Technical Director at Argonne National Laboratory, Nuclear Energy RandD Nuclear Engineering Division, “The Benefits of an Advanced Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle for Plutonium Management,” p. 18, http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/459313-d9NYz8/webviewable/
Plutonium is a fact. World inventories currently exceed 1000 tonnes, and are increasing
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plutonium stocks, leaving the world inventory sequestered in plants producing useful energy.
Existing reprocessing tech is not safe – sheer volume of solutes guarantees critical mass accidents resulting in deadly fallout worsening waste.
Stephen Berry and George S. Tolley, 11-29-2010, James Franck Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago, Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, foreign Member, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, member and Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovsky Honorary Medal for Merit in the Chemical Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Senior Scientist Award, Phi Beta Kappa National Lecturer, George S. Tolley is a professor emeritus in Economics at the University of Chicago, fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, honorary editor, Resource and Energy Economics, honorary Ph.D., North Carolina State University, “Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Future Prospects and Viability,” p. 6, http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team7-1210.pdf
Although PUREX is a well-documented and widely used process today, it is
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to ensure such fastidious observation of the rules in all workers is debatable.
Massive ionizing radiation release makes extinction inevitable.
Rosalie Bertell, 2000, American physician and epidemiologist and winner of several awards, including the Hans-Adalbert-Schweigart-Medal (1983), Right Livelihood Award (1986) World Federalist Peace Award, Ontario Premier's Council on Health, Health Innovator Award, the United Nations Environment Programme Global 500 award, and the Sean MacBride International Peace Prize, “Part One: The Problem: Nuclear Radiation and its Biological Effects,” No Immediate Danger, Prognosis for a Radioactive Earth, The Book Publishing Company, http://www.ratical.org/radiation/NRBE/NRBE9.html
In 1964 Hermann Müller published a paper, `Radiation and Heredity', spelling out
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, such a process leads to selective genocide of families or species suicide.
Environmental impact of a nuclear war.
Leah Ayala, Winter 2003, “Nuclear Power Companies the Department of Energy: A Legal Remedy Magnifying Nuclear Ends,” Nevada Law Journal, Lexis Nexis
A very small amount of nuclear waste can be disastrous. If an amount of
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activist and member of the San Luis Obispo County Nuclear Waste Management Committee).
1AC solvency
Loan guarantees are key to establishing PRISM reactors.
Stephen Berry and George S. Tolley, 11-29-2010, James Franck Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago, Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, foreign Member, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, member and Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovsky Honorary Medal for Merit in the Chemical Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Senior Scientist Award, Phi Beta Kappa National Lecturer, George S. Tolley is a professor emeritus in Economics at the University of Chicago, fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, honorary editor, Resource and Energy Economics, honorary Ph.D., North Carolina State University, “Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Future Prospects and Viability,” p. 38, http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/institute/bigproblems/Team7-1210.pdf
The construction of an aqueous solvent extraction plant would be out of date, especially
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to be very high to justify continued government expenditures in this area.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: Harvard | Judge:
2AC de-dev
Nuclear energy is the answer to energy sustainability – dedevolving will not happen and will cause resource competition and great power war.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 99, Amazon.com
A failure to begin now to reduce reliance on coal will mean much greater economic
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have real political influence. They must face these facts. Will they?
Dedev fails - authors ignore the status of the world now.
John Foster, 2011, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, Editor of Monthly Review, “Capitalism and Degrowth: An Impossibility Theorem,” http://monthlyreview.org/2011/01/01/capitalism-and-degrowth-an-impossibility-theorem
The notion that degrowth as a concept can be applied in essentially the same way
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is to lose all historical perspective and discard centuries of social science.  
Psychological ties to consumption ensures rolling back growth will cause conflict.
Alejandro Nadal, 2010, Professor at the Centre for Economic Studies of El Colegio de Mexico, “Is De-Growth Compatible With Capitalism?,” http://triplecrisis.com/is-de-growth-compatible-with-capitalism/
The problem with this perspective is that the cause of growth becomes psychological, a
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Richard Smith we either save capitalism or save ourselves, we cannot do both
Quick economic collapse ensures transitional conflict – own author.
Ted Trainer, 2000 “Democracy and Nature” Vol. 6, No. 1
If there is a boom we in the Eco-village movement should welcome it
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understanding, and the most effective way to do that is by developing examples
Causes extinction.
Kothari, 1982, Professor of political science at University of Delhi, “Towards a Just Social Order,” p. 571
Attempts at global economic reform could also lead to a world racked by increasing turbulence
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, encouraging regional conflagrations and setting the stage for eventual global holocaust.  
No mindset shift – elites.
Richard Heinberg, 2004, Senior Fellow of Post Carbon Institute and Member of the Core Faculty at the New College of California and Writer on Energy Resource Issues, “Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World,” p. 167-8
There is no need to belabor the point: the people of this world whose
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are encouraged to deny short-comings and to blame competitors or subordinates.
Growth driven policies are inevitable and key to solve extinction.
Michael Zey, 1998, Business Professor at Montclair State University, Seizing the Future: The Dawn of the Macroindustrial Era. p. 34
Having reached its current lofty state of development, the species will not choose to
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to continue the progress we have been making at higher and higher levels.
Growth key to solve poverty.
Ian Vásquez, 2001, Director of the CATO Institute’s Project on Global Economic Liberty, Economic Perspectives, “Ending Mass Poverty,” September, http://www.cato.org/research/articles/vas-0109.html
Economic growth is the "only path to end mass poverty," says economist Ian
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,200 million. And geographically, reductions in poverty have been uneven.
These systemic impacts outweigh all.
James Gilligan, 1998, Professor of Psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, and a member of the Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, “Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes”, p. 191-6
The deadliest form of violence is poverty. You cannot work for one day with
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for they are inextricably related to each other, as cause to effect.
Dedevelopment ensure environmental catastrophe – impact’s biodiversity collapse from the 1AC.
Martin Lewis, 1993, “green delusions,” p.8
Finally, the radical green movement threatens nature by advocating a return to the land
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metropolitan areas, rural populations would soar and wildlife habitat would necessarily diminish.
No impact to anthropogenic warming – multiple reasons*
Peter Ferrara, 3-1-2012, Director of Entitlement and Budget Policy for the Heartland Institute, General Counsel for the American Civil Rights Union, and Senior Fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis, Forbes, “Fakegate: The Obnoxious Fabrication of Global Warming,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterferrara/2012/03/01/fakegate-the-obnoxious-fabrication-of-global-warming/3/
The bottom line is that the temperature records are not consistent with the theory that
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tremendous opportunity for gaining the regulatory and taxation powers of a world government.
Growing consensus of scientists find alarmist warming models wrong – natural oscillations from solar irradiance and ocean-atmosphere interaction.
Norman Paterson, March 2011, is a Professional Engineer and Consulting Geophysicist with 60 years’ experience in Mineral and Environmental Geophysics, he obtained his Ph. D in Geophysics at the University of Toronto, and was elected Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, Geoscience Canada, Vol. 38 Issue 1, “Global Warming: A Critique of the Anthropogenic Model and its Consequences,” p. 41, Ebsco Host
According to popular belief, recent global warming has been caused largely by greenhouse gases
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alarmism, which may fundamentally affect the direction of the climate change debate.
Just letting a sharp decline happen causes boom and bust cycles and which make economic nationalism and war inevitable.
Jeffrey E. Garten (Juan Trippe Professor in the Practice of International Trade, Finance and Business at Yale University since July 1, 2005, having served as the Dean of the Yale School of Management since 1995) March 2009 “The Dangers of Turning Inward” http://www.business.illinois.edu/aguilera/Teaching/WSJ09_Dangers_of_Turning_Inward.pdf
The last time we saw sustained economic nationalism was in the 1930s, when capital
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. Even if President Obama had the mental bandwidth to become a cheerleader for
Growth differential controls the internal link to conflict.
Dr. Stephen M. Walt (professor of international affairs at Harvard, professor of political science at the University of Chicago, assistant professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton, guest scholar at Brookings, associate at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) 2002 “American Primacy,” Naval War College Review, Spring 2002
A second consequence of U.S. primacy is a decreased danger of great
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does not need to go to war and weaker states dare not try.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC accidents - no meltdowns

Nuclear accidents are black swans – energy is much more damaging in the squo.
Elaine Hirsch, 2-1-2012, a jack-of-all-interests, from education to technology to public policy, so she is currently working as a writer for various education-related sites, Brave New Climate, “Black Swan theory and the anti-nuclear sentiment,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/02/01/black-swan-anti-nuclear/
Black Swan Theory, as explained by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his 2007/2010
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driven by reliable statistics instead of the black shroud of the black swan.
No repeat of Fukushima – redundant safety features and layered vessels.
Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research at Argonne National Laboratory, directed civilian nuclear power reactor development at Argonne National Laboratory, PhD Engineering, Specialty Reactor Physics, Imperial College, University of London, National Research Council of Canada, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, awarded the Walker Cisler Medal, National Academy of Engineering, was at Argonne National Laboratory, General Manager of the Integral Fast Reactor Program, Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research, Interim Laboratory Director, Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Currently he also serves as the Chair of IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Options and Spent Fuel Management, was awarded the U.S. Department of Energy’s prestigious E.O. Lawrence Award, a Fellow and a recipient of the Walker Cisler Medal of American Nuclear Society, M.E. in Nuclear Engineering from Texas AandM University, and his Ph.D. in Nuclear Science from The University of Michigan, Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 140
Each system is safety-grade, a high standard of quality with increased attention
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coolant and structures contain no hydrogen, no H2O as in an LWR.)
Even if containment is breached there is no impact.
Charles Forsberg, 4-28-2011, is the Executive Director for the MIT Nuclear Fuel Cycle Study, Director and principle investigator for the MIT Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor Project, and the Idaho National Laboratory University Lead for Hybrid Energy Systems, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Mutually assured energy independence,” http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/roundtables/nuclear-energy-different-other-energy-sources#rt8911
The high energy density of uranium not only makes it an affordable option for countries
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communities have high cancer levels -- and whether chemical fallout might be responsible.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Util inevitable and good.                                                            
Joseph S. Nye, 1986, Phd Political Science Harvard. University; Served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs; “Nuclear Ethics,” pg. 18-19
The significance and the limits of the two broad traditions can be captured by contemplating
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bear a heavier burden of proof in the nuclear age than ever before.
Representations theory cannot be applied to policymaking.
Joshua Teitelbaum and Meir Litvak, March 2006, is Senior Fellow, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, and Adjunct Senior Lecturer in the Department of Middle Eastern History, Bar Ilan University is Senior Fellow at the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle East and African Studies, and Senior Lecturer in the Department of Middle Eastern and African History, Tel Aviv University. Dr. Teitelbaum began his studies at UCLA in 1976; Dr. Litvak began his at Tel Aviv University in 1980. In this article, they reflect on the influence of Said's Orientalism throughout their years of studying and teaching about Islam and the Middle East. “STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND EDWARD SAID: TAKING STOCK OF ORIENTALISM,” online
Said's focus on Orientalism as a discourse of power, and apparently his background as
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different theoretical frameworks) ideology, discourse, or political culture.48
Psychological ties to consumption ensures radical elimination will cause conflict.
Alejandro Nadal, 2010, Professor at the Centre for Economic Studies of El Colegio de Mexico, “Is De-Growth Compatible With Capitalism?,” http://triplecrisis.com/is-de-growth-compatible-with-capitalism/
The problem with this perspective is that the cause of growth becomes psychological, a
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Richard Smith we either save capitalism or save ourselves, we cannot do both
Their cards don’t assume the world of the aff – IFRs transform economic and geopolitical paradigms – creating new methods of sustainable consumption.
Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 335-6
When the material comforts of existence are seen as being limited, then consumption beyond
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that boron vehicles will surely carry the day even in the near term.

Consumption is a human necessity – sustainable forms of consumption are necessary to provide value to life.
Richard Wilk, 2002, Ph.D. in Anthropology, University of Arizona, Provost Professor of Anthropology, “Consumption, human needs, and global environmental change,”  http://ac.els-cdn.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/S0959378001000280/1-s2.0-S0959378001000280-main.pdf?_tid=9e9d844ccd262ce7cb72228cb6867674andacdnat=1340735574_f26d14ee6db898338b27786d06d8d816
There have been several excellent reviews of consumption theory recently, which note the diversity
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vulnerable to the media, and some form of protection is therefore needed.
Human intrusion into the environment is key to prevent massive suffering and extinction – the alternative collapses civilization.
Michael Berliner, 2006, the senior advisor to the Ayn Rand Archives, “On earth Day, Remember:  If Environmentalism Succeeds, It Will Make Human Life Impossible,” http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=4643
Earth Day approaches, and with it a grave danger faces mankind. The danger
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of reason and individualism, a philosophy that makes life on earth possible.
The move to let beings be and stop all modes of production is ethically bankrupt.
Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 124
This is illustrative of a general disconnect between scientific progress and the evolution of social
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outmoded thinking, as will be made clear in the pages to follow.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
CIR won’t pass now - piecemeal will get STEM visas inevitably.
 Israel Ortega, 2-12-2013, Editor of Libertad.org and Spanish Media Associate at the Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2013/2/zerosum-immigratio-policy
Anyone hoping to hear a more conciliatory speech than the inaugural address must have been
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it works effectively and allows for increased legal immigration while discouraging illegal immigration.
CIR would only increase H-1B through a new commission.
Patrick Thibodeau, 1-4-2010, staff writer @ Computer World, House immigration bill woudl overhaul H-1B visa program, p. www.computerworld.com/s/article/346045/House_Immigration_Bill_Would_Overhaul_H_1B _Visa_Program
But this House bill, dubbed the Comprehensive Immigration Reform for America's Security and Prosperity
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to Congress about caps for H-1Bs and other types of visas.
That gets struck down by the Court.
NFAP (National Foundation for American Policy), May 2009, “A commission to regulate immigration?  A bad idea whose time should not come,” Online
On top of all its other problems, the commission as proposed by Ray Marshall
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book is unlikely to be upheld as constitutional given the Supreme Court precedents.  
Cyber-terrorism is drastically exaggerated – no major attack has happened and 99 percent of hackers couldn’t inflict serious damage
USIP (United States Institute for Peace) December 2004 “Cyberterrorism How Real Is the Threat?” Cyberterrorism
How Real Is the Threat?
Amid all the dire warnings and alarming statistics that the subject of cyberterrorism generates,
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are also air-gapped, as is the FBI’s entire computer system.
Won’t pass—
Border triggers.
David Grant, 3-27-2013, “How border security 'trigger' could stop immigration reform,” http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0327/How-border-security-trigger-could-stop-immigration-reform
How border security 'trigger' could stop immigration reform Congressional negotiators say immigration reform will need
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the border “must be achieved within a year of enactment of legislation.”
Delays coming over guest worker program.
David Nakamura, 3-28-2013 Washington Post “Guest-worker program dispute may delay immigration bill,” http://www.azcentral.com/news/politics/free/20130328immigration-reform-guest-worker-program-dispute-may-delay-bill.html
A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening dispute
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a month ago joined hands to publicly proclaim agreement on an overall plan.  
That kills the bill – two reasons.
Ted Hesson, 3-28-2013, Reasons Why an Immigration Reform Timeline Matters” (ABC News), http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/reasons-immigration-reform-timeline-matters/story?id=18822563#.UVPrYleVjIs
 A group of Democrats and Republicans working on an immigration reform bill in the
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to be unwilling to take a tough vote after that," Fitz said.
Energy trust fund thumps.
Andrew Restuccia, 3-20-2013, “Energy Security Trust faces big sticking point,” Politico Pro, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/03/offshore-drilling-energy-plan-faces-roadblock-89098.html
President Barack Obama will face an uphill climb in Congress with his bipartisan proposal to
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,” he said during a panel discussion hosted by Securing America’s Future Energy.
Obama push would kill any chance of CIR.
Alex Altman, 3-20-2013, “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform,” Washington correspondent for TIME, http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/
Little discussed but also looming is the possibility that Democrats drag their feet on reform
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negotiations in Congress bog down, he may not be so hands off.
Plan popular—
The plan would be a political motivator for nuclear power development – solves the waste issue.
Barry Brook and Tom Blees, 10-23-2012, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, BraveNewClimate, “The Case for Near-term Commercial Demonstration of the Integral Fast Reactor,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/10/23/the-case-for-near-term-commercial-demonstration-of-the-integral-fast-reactor/
Light-water reactors (LWR) of any stripe, however, produce only
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a technical advancement and a political enabler for nuclear power of all kinds.
Democrats will use the plan as a bargaining chip to overcome opposition.
Mariah Blake, January/February 2010, is an editor at the Washington Monthly; her work has also appeared in Christian Science Monitor and Foreign Policy, Mother Jones, “The Bailout Goes Nuclear,” http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2010/01/bailout-nuclear
Key Senate Democrats have signaled that they are willing to use nuclear subsidies as a
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aisle that I think they will get all the loan guarantees they need."
Loan guarantees specifically popular to both sides of the aisle because of lower tax liability.
Sharon Squassoni, November 2009, is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the nonprolifera-tion program. Prior to joining Carnegie, she held various positions in the US government, including at the Congressional research Service, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the US State Department, is a frequent contributor to journals, magazines and books on nuclear proliferation and defense, The Centre for International Governance Innovation, No. 7, “The US Nuclear Industry: Current Status and Prospects under the Obama Administration,” p. 8, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Nuclear_Energy_7_0.pdf
The single most important spur to build new reactors in the United States is loan
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,” including renewable energy technologies, which further extends their attractiveness within Congress.
Nuclear makes it distinct to Congress.
Jim Snyder, 9-14-2012, Bloomberg, “Republican-Led House Passes Bill to Block Energy Loans,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-14/republican-led-house-passes-bill-to-block-energy-loans.html
The U.S. House passed legislation to end an energy loan-guarantee
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the bill would let nuclear- power projects favored by Republicans go forward.
Political capital theory not true, but winners-win is*
Michael Hirsh, 2-7-2013, is chief correspondent for National Journal, he also contributes to 2012 Decoded, previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau, was also Newsweek’s Washington web editor and authored a weekly column for Newsweek.com, NationalJournal, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
*cites George Edwards, a presidential scholar at Texas AandM University, Richard Bensel, a government professor at Cornell University, and Norman Ornstein of the American Enterprise Institute*
On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
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change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect.”

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
De-dev
No impact to warming
Warming not real – satellite data, ice measurements, and weak correlation.
Randall Hoven, 5-3-2012, Boeing Technical Fellow, adjunct professor in the Engineering School of Southern Illinois University,  Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, American Thinker, “Global Warming Melts Away,” http://www.americanthinker.com/2012/05/global_warming_melts_away.html
Correlating Temperature and CO2. The chart below shows global temperatures vs. measured atmospheric
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June temperatures between Flagstaff and Yuma, Arizona (about 16 deg C).
A2 Amazon deforestation
Warming wont affect rainforests or the Amazon.
Larry Bell, 1-11-2011, a professor of architecture and holds an endowed professorship in space architecture at the University of Houston. An internationally recognized commentator on scientific and public policy issues, written extensively on climate and energy policy and has been featured in many prominent national and international newspapers, magazines, and television programs, “Climate of Corruption: Politics and Power Behind The Global Warming Hoax” http://books.google.com/books?id=CS8-uzm3cvUCanddq=%22warming+%22+impacts+on+%22coral+reefs%22+exaggeratedandlr=andsource=gbs_navlinks_s  
An ultimately embarrassing assertion in the ¡PCC’s 2007 AR4 report was that 40 per
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Our results certainly do not indicate such extreme sensitivity to reductions in rainfa1I.”
A2 resource wars
No impact or link between climate change for resource wars.
Hans Günter Brauch, February 2008, Adj. Professor, Free University of Berlin, Otto-Suhr Institute, Berlin Fellow, Institute on Environment and Human Security of the United Nations University (UNU-EHS) in Bonn, Chairman, Peace Research and European Security Studies, ISA Peace Studies Section with Environmental Studies Section, “Securitizing Climate Change,” p. 8, Ebsco Host
However, their conflict definition excludes small-scale violence, e.g.
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-linear interactions that may lead to tipping points of the climate system.
Nuke war causes extinction
Nuclear war causes winter and extinction – scientific consensus. No study or simulation disproves nuclear winter.
Steven Starr, expert on nuclear weapons operating status and the predicted climatic effects of nuclear war and has studied extensively both these subjects and their implications for human society, MT American Society for Clinical Pathology, Member of International Network of Engineers and Scientists against Proliferation, PGS, “Catastrophic Climatic Consequences of Nuclear Conflict” January 2008
Nuclear detonations within urban and industrial areas would ignite immense mass fires which would burn
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, were never scientifically disproved and have been strengthened by these latest studies.

Nuke power solves warming
Solving electricity is the first step to solve climate change because without nuclear power warming is inevitable.
Barry Brook et. al, 2-21-2009, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, George S. Stanford is a nuclear reactor physicist, part of the team that developed the Integral Fast Reactor, PhD from Stanford University in Physics, Masters from University of Virginia in Engineering, worked at Argonne National Laboratory, Graham R.L. Cowan, "Boron: A Better Energy Carrier than Hydrogen?" in 2001, published "How Fire Can Be Tamed," BraveNewClimate, “Response to an Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) critique,” http://bravenewclimate.com/2009/02/21/response-to-an-integral-fast-reactor-ifr-critique/
TB Almost 80% of greenhouse gas emissions come from nuclear-capable
AND
and the further 200 or so plants in the planning or construction pipeline?
The Aff can pull us back from the edge.
Steve Kirsch, 11-25-2009, M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), writer for the Huffington Post, CEO Kirsch foundation on climate, founder/head of Center for Energy and Climate Change, National Award from the Caring Institute in Washington DC, written much about the Integral Fast Reactor, Fellow, with the Science Council for Global Initiatives (SCGI), Steve Kirsch’s blog, “Why We Should Build an Integral Fast Reactor Now,” http://skirsch.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/ifr/
*cites Charles Till, former Associate Director, Argonne National Laboratory, The National Academy Studies, James Hansen, Director, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Ray Hunter, former Deputy Director of the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Leonard Koch, winner of the Global Energy International Prize, Barry Brook Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change*
The bottom line is that without the IFR (or a yet-to-
AND
solution. Al Gore also acknowledges that nuclear must play an important role.
Tantamount in all cars.
Tony Pietrangelo , 7-28-2011, has 30 years’ experience in the nuclear energy industry, where his responsibilities have run the gamut of nuclear plant construction, licensing and operations, has been with the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) and its predecessor organizations since 1989, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “Low-carbon, low-cost electricity 24/7,” http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/roundtables/nuclear-energy-different-other-energy-sources#rt8911
The nuclear energy industry understands why this independent oversight is necessary. Yet along with
AND
. Each nuclear plant generates $430 million per year in economic benefits.
1AR de-dev ext.
You should prefer our studies on the positive effects of capitalism- they are the only ones that use falsifiable methods
Weede ‘4 (Erich, professor of sociology at the University of Bonn, Germany, In Winter 1986-87, he was Visiting Professor of International Relations at the Bologna Center of The Johns Hopkins University, “BALANCE OF POWER, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE CAPITALIST PEACE,” http://www.fnf.org.ph/downloadables/Balance%20of%20Power,%20Globalization%20and%20Capitalist%20Peace.pdf)
If one does research or summarize the research of others – of course, most
AND
hodgepodge of ambiguous hunches, contradictory thinking, and unsystematically evaluated empirical evidence.
Transition won’t happen - no time to rebuild or organizational framework for an economic restructuring.
Brian Davey, 12-3-2009, New Zealand Geophysical Society: Member, Council Rep since 2003, “Responds to Ted Trainer,” http://transitionculture.org/2009/12/03/brian-davey-responds-to-ted-trainer/
At that point I HAD TO GET REAL. Ted, it took me years
AND
find that most Transition Iniatives are supposed to be informed by Permaculture ethics 
Elites will crush the movement – any transition will be extremely violent.
Takis Fotopoulos, 2000, Greek political writer and former academic, “The limitations of Life-style strategies: The Ecovillage “Movement” is NOT the way towards a new democratic society,” http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/dn/vol6/takis_trainer_reply.htm
 However, before we proceed to assess Trainer’s stand on the matter we have
AND
far as I know, History is not exactly full of such examples!
This takes-out your public mindset shift arguments.
Richard Heinberg, 2004, Senior Fellow of Post Carbon Institute and Member of the Core Faculty at the New College of California and Writer on Energy Resource Issues, “Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World”
The world must do both — reduce human population and reduce per-capita resource
AND
-relations effectiveness, just as the elites do. Politics trumps truth. 

Growth key to solve poverty
Growth key to solve poverty.
Ian Vásquez, 2001, Director of the CATO Institute’s Project on Global Economic Liberty, Economic Perspectives, “Ending Mass Poverty,” September, http://www.cato.org/research/articles/vas-0109.html
Economic growth is the "only path to end mass poverty," says economist Ian
AND
,200 million. And geographically, reductions in poverty have been uneven.
These systemic impacts outweigh all.
James Gilligan, 1998, Professor of Psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School, Director of the Center for the Study of Violence, and a member of the Academic Advisory Council of the National Campaign Against Youth Violence, “Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes”, p. 191-6
The deadliest form of violence is poverty. You cannot work for one day with
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for they are inextricably related to each other, as cause to effect.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Politics
Non-unique
The 2013 bill will fail for the same reasons the 2007 bill did.
Alex Altman 3/20 2013 “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform” (Washington correspondent for TIME) http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/
Problem #2: The Lobbyists A few years ago, an impasse between the
AND
to foresee unions drawing a line at a small number of foreign workers.
Their evidence is hollow hope. Even if the senators agree on the need for reform specifics will prevent it from passing.
Alex Altman 3/20 2013 “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform” (Washington correspondent for TIME) http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/
The next few months offer the best chance in a generation for the two parties
AND
of their talks. It’s whether they are all aligned at the end.

Obama kills
Obama push would kill any chance of CIR.
Alex Altman, 3-20-2013, “Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform,” Washington correspondent for TIME, http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/
Little discussed but also looming is the possibility that Democrats drag their feet on reform
AND
negotiations in Congress bog down, he may not be so hands off.
Loan guarantees popular
Loan guarantees specifically popular to both sides of the aisle because of lower tax liability.
Sharon Squassoni, November 2009, is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for
AND

The single most important spur to build new reactors in the United States is loan
AND
,” including renewable energy technologies, which further extends their attractiveness within Congress.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Boston College KM | Judge:
Same as NDT Round 3- PRISM 1AC

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Boston College KM | Judge: 

2AC CIR

The US is locked in as a power and immigration is irrelevant - demographics will affect all other nations more than the united states if it is an issue.

TRESTON WHEAT, 11-10-2010, COLUMNIST, Concerns about US hegemony overstated http://utdailybeacon.com/opinion/columns/immutably-right/2010/nov/10/concerns-about-us-hegemony-overstated/
 Every country and region has its own problems, which could limit its growth
AND
the world and in history is not as threatened as one might think.

CIR would only increase H-1B through a new commission.

Patrick Thibodeau, 1-4-2010, staff writer @ Computer World, House immigration bill woudl overhaul H-1B visa program, p. www.computerworld.com/s/article/346045/House_Immigration_Bill_Would_Overhaul_H_1B _Visa_Program
But this House bill, dubbed the Comprehensive Immigration Reform for America’s Security and Prosperity
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to Congress about caps for H-1Bs and other types of visas.

That gets struck down by the Court.

NFAP (National Foundation for American Policy), May 2009, "A commission to regulate immigration?  A bad idea whose time should not come," Online
On top of all its other problems, the commission as proposed by Ray Marshall
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book is unlikely to be upheld as constitutional given the Supreme Court precedents.  

Empirically proven no impact to hege.

Christopher J. Fettweis, 2010, Professor of national security affairs @ U.S. Naval War College, "Threat and Anxiety in US Foreign Policy," Survival, Volume 52, Issue 2 April 2010 , pages 59 – 82
One potential explanation for the growth of global peace can be dismissed fairly quickly:
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to reach the conclusion that world peace and US military expenditure are unrelated.

Won’t pass—

Border triggers.

David Grant, 3-27-2013, "How border security ’trigger’ could stop immigration reform," http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2013/0327/How-border-security-trigger-could-stop-immigration-reform
How border security ’trigger’ could stop immigration reform Congressional negotiators say immigration reform will need
AND
the border "must be achieved within a year of enactment of legislation." 

Delays coming over guest worker program.

David Nakamura, 3-28-2013 Washington Post "Guest-worker program dispute may delay immigration bill," http://www.azcentral.com/news/politics/free/20130328immigration-reform-guest-worker-program-dispute-may-delay-bill.html
A bipartisan deal on immigration is at risk of stalling because of a worsening dispute
AND
a month ago joined hands to publicly proclaim agreement on an overall plan.  

That kills the bill – two reasons.

Ted Hesson, 3-28-2013, Reasons Why an Immigration Reform Timeline Matters" (ABC News), http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/reasons-immigration-reform-timeline-matters/story?id=18822563~~%23.UVPrYleVjIs
 A group of Democrats and Republicans working on an immigration reform bill in the
AND
to be unwilling to take a tough vote after that," Fitz said.

Energy trust fund thumps.

Andrew Restuccia, 3-20-2013, "Energy Security Trust faces big sticking point," Politico Pro, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/03/offshore-drilling-energy-plan-faces-roadblock-89098.html
President Barack Obama will face an uphill climb in Congress with his bipartisan proposal to
AND
," he said during a panel discussion hosted by Securing America’s Future Energy.

Obama push would kill any chance of CIR.

Alex Altman, 3-20-2013, "Four Hurdles That Could Block Immigration Reform," Washington correspondent for TIME, http://swampland.time.com/2013/03/20/four-hurdles-that-could-block-immigration-reform/
Little discussed but also looming is the possibility that Democrats drag their feet on reform
AND
negotiations in Congress bog down, he may not be so hands off.

Plan popular—

The plan would be a political motivator for nuclear power development – solves the waste issue.

Barry Brook %26 Tom Blees, 10-23-2012, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, BraveNewClimate, "The Case for Near-term Commercial Demonstration of the Integral Fast Reactor," http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/10/23/the-case-for-near-term-commercial-demonstration-of-the-integral-fast-reactor/-http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/10/23/the-case-for-near-term-commercial-demonstration-of-the-integral-fast-reactor/
Light-water reactors (LWR) of any stripe, however, produce only
AND
a technical advancement and a political enabler for nuclear power of all kinds.

Democrats will use the plan as a bargaining chip to overcome opposition.

Mariah Blake, January/February 2010, is an editor at the Washington Monthly; her work has also appeared in Christian Science Monitor and Foreign Policy, Mother Jones, "The Bailout Goes Nuclear," http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2010/01/bailout-nuclear-http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2010/01/bailout-nuclear
Key Senate Democrats have signaled that they are willing to use nuclear subsidies as a
AND
aisle that I think they will get all the loan guarantees they need."

Loan guarantees specifically popular to both sides of the aisle because of lower tax liability.

Sharon Squassoni, November 2009, is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in the nonprolifera-tion program. Prior to joining Carnegie, she held various positions in the US government, including at the Congressional research Service, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the US State Department, is a frequent contributor to journals, magazines and books on nuclear proliferation and defense, The Centre for International Governance Innovation, No. 7, "The US Nuclear Industry: Current Status and Prospects under the Obama Administration," p. 8, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Nuclear_Energy_7_0.pdf-http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Nuclear_Energy_7_0.pdf
The single most important spur to build new reactors in the United States is loan
AND
," including renewable energy technologies, which further extends their attractiveness within Congress.

Nuclear makes it distinct to Congress.

Jim Snyder, 9-14-2012, Bloomberg, "Republican-Led House Passes Bill to Block Energy Loans," http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-14/republican-led-house-passes-bill-to-block-energy-loans.html-http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-14/republican-led-house-passes-bill-to-block-energy-loans.html
The U.S. House passed legislation to end an energy loan-guarantee
AND
the bill would let nuclear- power projects favored by Republicans go forward. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Boston College KM | Judge: 

Niger DA

Looking to diversifying its energy mix – domestic construction will solve these issues.

Nicolas Dasnois, September 2012, is a political analyst, worked at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris, and at the French Embassy in Nairobi as political officer in charge of the UN Environment and Human Settlements programmes, OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 122, "Uranium Mining in Africa: A Continent at the Centre of a Global Nuclear Renaissance,"  http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/33386/1/saia_sop_122%20_dasnois_20121005.pdf-http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/33386/1/saia_sop_122 _dasnois_20121005.pdf
In the long term there is also talk of African countries and regions building their
AND
– nuclear power plant.29 Nigeria is also investigating nuclear power.30

Economy economy is resilient – diversified economy.

TNN, 8-6-2012, Travel News Namibia, "Investment continues in Namibia despite global economic uncertainty," http://travelnewsnamibia.com/archives/flamingo-magazine/investment-continues-in-namibia-despite-global-economic-uncertainty/~~%23.UOTMQmHTkbw-http://travelnewsnamibia.com/archives/flamingo-magazine/investment-continues-in-namibia-despite-global-economic-uncertainty/
Namibia has a strong track record of attracting foreign investment and many well-known
AND
both the local market and export to southern Angola, Zambia and Botswana.

Demand will ensure it’s fine in the short-term.

Anthony Fensom, 11-1-2012, is an experienced business writer and communication consultant with more than a decade’s experience in the financial and media industries of Australia and Asia, The Diplomat, "Atomic Allies?: India and Australia Explore Uranium Sales," http://thediplomat.com/pacific-money/2012/11/01/atomic-allies-india-and-australia-explore-uranium-sales/-http://thediplomat.com/pacific-money/2012/11/01/atomic-allies-india-and-australia-explore-uranium-sales/
Despite earlier ruling out a policy change, recently elected Premier Campbell Newman announced on
AND
told the Investing in Asian Mining Indaba conference in Singapore on October 29.

Niger’s economy is already on the decline – Libya conflict, HALF of its economy is based on donations

 ADAM NOSSITER, "As Thousands Leave Libya, and Jobs, Niger Feels Impact," New York Times, September 27, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/28/world/africa/niger-feels-economic-impact-of-qaddafis-downfall-in-libya.html?_r=0-http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/28/world/africa/niger-feels-economic-impact-of-qaddafis-downfall-in-libya.html?_r=0, accessed 3-30-2013.
For tens of thousands of people from Niger, the downfall of Col. Muammar
AND
and where half the national budget has in previous years come from donors.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Boston College KM | Judge: 

2AC electricity prices DA

Natural gas causes electricity price spikes – diversifying our portfolio is key – no switch to coal.

Meg Handley, 3-28-2013, is a reporter for U.S. News %26 World Report, U.S. News, "Is the U.S. Too Dependent on Natural Gas for Electricity?," http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/28/is-the-us-too-dependent-on-natural-gas-for-electricity-http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/28/is-the-us-too-dependent-on-natural-gas-for-electricity
Still, over the longer term, new air pollution regulations that are expected to
AND
says Dave Schryver, executive vice president at the American Public Gas Association.

Without the plan prices will comparatively skyrocket – new emission standards and alternatives.

Henry D. Jacoby %26 Sergey Paltsev, March/April 2013, is a professor of management in the MIT Sloan School of Management and former codirector of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. He serves on a National Academies committee to advise the US Global Change Research Program, and is a convening lead author for the mitigation chapter of the US National Climate Assessment, Sergey Paltsev is a principal research scientist at the MIT Energy Initiative and assistant director for economic research for the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. He serves on an advisory board for the Global Trade Analysis Project, an international network of researchers and policy makers, and is a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 69 No.2, "Nuclear exit, the US energy mix, and carbon dioxide emissions," http://bos.sagepub.com/content/69/2/34.full-http://bos.sagepub.com/content/69/2/34.full
The phase-out of nuclear generation also will increase the price of electricity.
AND
increase would impose an additional annual cost of approximately %24336 per household. 

Natural gas bottlenecks cause massive price spikes – grid unreliability.

Meg Handley, 3-20-2013, USNews, "Increased Dependence on Natural Gas Exposes Holes in U.S. Electrical Grid," http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/20/increased-dependence-on-natural-gas-exposes-holes-in-us-electrical-grid-http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/20/increased-dependence-on-natural-gas-exposes-holes-in-us-electrical-grid
Increasing use of natural gas to generate electricity in the United States might be helping
AND
will provide motivation to the various stakeholders to solve the problems facing us."

A gas spike will wreck the economy absent the aff.

Christine T. Whitman, 5-9-2012, former EPA Administrator and Governor of New Jersey, "It’s dangerous to depend on natural gas," CNN Money, http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2012/05/09/christine-whitman-nuclear-energy/
The United States needs an "all of the above" energy strategy that focuses
AND
panels or 2,400 wind turbines spread out across 235 square miles. 

PRISMs are elastic with energy demand - they fit in seamlessly.

Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 291-2
One of the problems with generating electricity is that you can’t store it all that
AND
demand would only leave more water in the reservoirs for later use. 

Nuclear energy causes a decrease in prices.

Marvin S. Fertel, 9-13-2010, is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Nuclear Energy Institute. He has 35 years of experience consulting for electric utilities on issues related to designing, siting, licensing and managing both fossil and nuclear plants, Clean Energy Insight, "Fertel: Nuclear Energy is the Clean Energy Job Engine," http://www.cleanenergyinsight.org/energy-insights/fertel-nuclear-energy-is-the-clean-energy-job-engine/-http://www.cleanenergyinsight.org/energy-insights/fertel-nuclear-energy-is-the-clean-energy-job-engine/
Advanced reactor designs are higher capital cost projects, but the actual cost of electricity
AND
new nuclear power plant and delivers lower-cost electricity to the consumer.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Boston College KM | Judge: 

Solvency

A2 too slow to solve/too new

Pyroprocessing has been extensively researched and developed now – all we need is commercial investment.

Michael F. Simpson %26 Jack D. Law, February 2010, Princeton University with a Ph.D. in chemical engineering, currently a member of the research staff at INL, previously, he served as the manager of the Advanced Safeguards department, worked extensively with researchers and leaders from Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, is a technical advisor to both Departments of State and Energy, PhD. MIT with an emphasis in chemical engineering, professor emeritus at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, works at the INL, Idaho National Laboratory, "Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing," p. 19, http://www.inl.gov/technicalpublications/Documents/4460757.pdf-http://www.inl.gov/technicalpublications/Documents/4460757.pdf
Pyroprocessing utilizes molten salt electrolytes as the media rather than acidic aqueous solutions and organic
AND
and plans to develop a closed fuel cycle using the technology by 2020.

Russian insecurity

2AC no Russian scientists

We get the scientsits on board.

Jacques C. Hymans, January/March 2011, is associate professor of international relations at the University of Southern California, research focuses on nuclear proliferation, and more broadly, on international security affairs, an editorial board member of the Nonproliferation Review, Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University,Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Vol. 20 Issue 1, "Proliferation Implications of Civil Nuclear Cooperation: Theory and a Case Study of Tito’s Yugoslavia," p. 100-3, Ebsco Host
Many analysts have characterized aboveboard international civil nuclear cooperation—"Atoms for Peace"—as
AND
the past decades, and some nonproliferation advocates want to abolish them altogether. 

A2 MOX

Fast reactors are key to reducing proliferation and implement permanent de-militarization.

Alexander DeVolpi, 2-28-2010, been active in nuclear-arms policy and treaty-verification technology studies for over 25 years, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois (and other national laboratories) involved nearly 40 years of lab, field, and analytical activities in instrumentation, nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, reactor safety, radioisotopes, experiments, verification technology, and arms control, the Defense Nuclear Agency, On-Site Inspection Agency, all the Department of Energy weapons labs, with the Departments of Defense and State, author or coauthor of several books, Ph.D. in physics (and MS in nuclear engineering physics) from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, certificate from the Argonne International Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, managing nuclear diagnostics for the Reactor Analysis and Safety Division at Argonne, and becoming technical manager of the arms-control and nonproliferation program, Who’s Who in Frontiers of Science and Technology, American Men and Women of Science, fellow of the American Physical Society, technical consultant in the Federation of American Scientists/Natural Resources Defense Council joint project, ScienceTechnologyHistory, "NUCLEAR EXPERTISE: The Amory Lovins Charade," http://sciencetechnologyhistory.wordpress.com/article/nuclear-expertise-the-amory-lovins-1gsyt5k142kc5-20/-http://sciencetechnologyhistory.wordpress.com/article/nuclear-expertise-the-amory-lovins-1gsyt5k142kc5-20/
Soon to be needed in U.S. national policy will be a timely
AND
burnup of plutonium. That public retraction was huge, in my estimation.

We cause verification on nuclear stockpiles.

John Carlson, 6-4-2009, director general of the Australian Safeguards and Non-proliferation Office, "New Verification Challenges", research paper has been commissioned by the International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament,  http://icnnd.org/Documents/Carlson_Verification_090604.doc-http://icnnd.org/Documents/Carlson_Verification_090604.doc
The verification challenges for the FMCT are expected to be: having to implement verification
AND
efficient verification; establishing a reliable capability for detecting undeclared fissile material production.

U.S. cooperation on fast reactors is key for Russia remaining globally competitive.

Andrei Reznichenko, 12-3-2012, The Telegraph, "Russian nuclear agency Rosatom plans fast reactors," http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/business/9718975/rosatom-nuclear-reactors.html-http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/business/9718975/rosatom-nuclear-reactors.html
Research and design work on the SVBR-100 reactor will continue until the end
AND
national level and not be restricted to just one company," he said. 

A2 PRISM causes prolif

No fast reactor proliferation risk – mixed processing stream and safeguarded facilities – Green’s wrong.

Barry Brook et. al, 2-21-2009, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, George S. Stanford is a nuclear reactor physicist, part of the team that developed the Integral Fast Reactor, PhD from Stanford University in Physics, Masters from University of Virginia in Engineering, worked at Argonne National Laboratory, Graham R.L. Cowan, "Boron: A Better Energy Carrier than Hydrogen?" in 2001, published "How Fire Can Be Tamed," BraveNewClimate, "Response to an Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) critique," http://bravenewclimate.com/2009/02/21/response-to-an-integral-fast-reactor-ifr-critique/-http://bravenewclimate.com/2009/02/21/response-to-an-integral-fast-reactor-ifr-critique/
~In point of fact, anyone hoping to make a bomb from plutonium will
AND
and has nothing to do with whether a country has IFRs or LWRs.

No cascade impact to proliferation – its all alarmist rhetoric.

Muthia Alagappa, 2008, Distinguished Senior Fellow, East-West Center, "The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia," accesed: 1-6-09,  p. 521-2, Google Books
It will be useful at this juncture to address more directly the set of instability
AND
often it is employed to justify policy on the basis of alarmist predictions. 

Spent fuel

A2 sodium accidents

No risk of accidents – chemical benefits and engineering experience.

Barry Brook %26 Tom Blees, 10-23-2012, a leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, published three books, over 200 refereed scientific papers, is a highly cited researcher, received a number of distinguished awards for his research excellence including the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal, is an International Award Committee member for the Global Energy Prize, Australian Research Council Future Fellow, ISI Researcher, Ph.D., Macquarie University in Environmental Engineering, Science Council for Global Initiatives, Edgeworth David Medal Royal Society of NSW, Cosmos Bright Sparks Award, Tom Blees is the author of Prescription for the Planet, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, BraveNewClimate, "The Case for Near-term Commercial Demonstration of the Integral Fast Reactor," http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/10/23/the-case-for-near-term-commercial-demonstration-of-the-integral-fast-reactor/-http://bravenewclimate.com/2012/10/23/the-case-for-near-term-commercial-demonstration-of-the-integral-fast-reactor/
One of the issues most often mentioned when discussing sodium-cooled fast reactors—
AND
element that has been used in industrial processes for well over a century.

Sodium fires are easily contained and prevented – any potential leaks have no safety risk and are only contained to protect plant investments.

Charles E. Till %26 Yoon Il Chang, 2011, longtime Associate Laboratory Director
AND

The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, p. 162-3
Liquid sodium reacts readily with air, and the oxidation reaction can be rapid and
AND
between the pipes. A variety of sodium leak detection systems are used. 

Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Boston College KM | Judge:
No impact to hege

Retrenchment inevitable now – no impact to decline

Joseph M. Parent (Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Miami) and Paul K. MacDonald (Assistant Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College) November/December 2011 "The Wisdom of Retrenchment" Foreign Affairs http://www.ihavenet.com/World-United-States-The-Wisdom-of-Retrenchment-America-Must-Cut-Back-to-Move-Forward-Foreign-Affairs.html-http://www.ihavenet.com/World-United-States-The-Wisdom-of-Retrenchment-America-Must-Cut-Back-to-Move-Forward-Foreign-Affairs.html
Today, however, U.S. power has begun to wane. As
AND
strategic flexibility, and renew the legitimacy of U.S. leadership.
Fine GMO’s it is

Organic agriculture is on the rise.

Nancy Cole. "Organic farming a growing field Arkansas man digs deep to promote sustainable methods." Government Innovators Network: Harvard Universtiy John F. Kennedy School of Government. 29 June 2008. http://www.innovations.harvard.edu/news/106451.html
Certified organic farmers cannot use synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides, antibiotics, hormones or
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and synthetic fertilizer prices, said Kuepper, the sustainable-agriculture specialist. 

This transition to sustainable practices is key to feed the world.

Laura Bailey. (PhD University of Michigan). "Organic farming can feed the world, U-M study shows." University of Michigan News Service. 10 July 2007. http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/story.php?id=5936
Organic farming can yield up to three times as much food on individual farms in
AND
that you need to have these inputs to produce food," she said.  

This is key to solve food prices

USA Today. "Food Agency: Prices To Remain High, More Production Needed." June 25, 2008. http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-06-25-food-prices_N.htm
The head of the U.N.’s food agency on Wednesday warned that
AND
increase in inflation," Diouf told reporters in the Austrian city of Innsbruck. 

Famine

Charles Ellwood (Professor at the University of Missouri) 2003 "Sociology and Modern Social Problems" http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/sociology/sociology/chapter9.html
As already implied, then, economic depression exercises a very considerable influence upon death
AND
in sickness and death among the poorer classes in times of economic depression. 

War

Marc J. Cohen (Special Assistant to the Director General at International Food Policy Research Institute) and Per Pinstrup-Andersen (Director General of the International Food Policy Research Institute) Spring 1999 Social Research, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2267/is_1_66/ai_54668884/pg_10
Hunger and conflict usually have roots in colonial legacies and contemporary policies of racial or
AND
in such places as Mexico, Cuba, Vietnam, and Central America. 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase commercial loan guarantees for the purpose of energy production by development of Integral Fast Reactors in the United States.
Adv - Fissile Material
 Prolif, Russia Nuclear Material
Adv - Warming / Biodiversity
Solvency
Full text / open source attached

Weighing consequences is inevitable even in a deontological frameworks.
Joshua Green, November 2002, Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Harvard University, The Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Truth About Morality And What To Do About It, p. 314
Some people who talk of
or covertly consequentialist.

No collapse - capitalism is self-correcting in terms of energy – responsibility and regulations limits plundering.
Jeffrey Hollender and Bill Breen, 2010, Founder of the American Sustainable Business Council, a progressive alternative to the Chamber of Commerce, Editorial Director of the Fast Company, The Responsibility Revolution: How the Next Generation of Businesses will Win, p. xix
The responsibility revolution is about
If so, welcome to the cause. 

Prefer our evidence – they conflate bad human decision making with capitalism.
Jay Richards, 2009, PhD with honors in Philosophy and Theology from Princeton, Money, Greed, and God: Why Capitalism Is the Solution and Not the Problem, p. 164
Too many critics confuse the free market with the bad choices free people make. Rod Dreher, for instance, chastises fellow
statist and communist countries.

The move to IFR is necessary to solve the root causes of exploitation - ends want and war – great divide is based on mis-understanding.
David Walters, 6-14-2011, worked as a union power plant operator for 24 years in California, currently a member of Socialist Organizer, US Section of the Fourth International, Permanent Revolution, “FUKUSHIMA, NUCLEAR ENERGY AND A SOCIALIST PROGRAM,” http://climateandcapitalism.com/2011/06/14/socialist-arguments-for-nuclear-power/
We have serious issues facing
Only nuclear can do this.  

Their impact cards don’t assume the world of the aff – IFRs transform economic and geopolitical paradigms – eliminating gross inequality.
Tom Blees, 2008, the president of the Science Council for Global Initiatives, member of the selection committee for the Global Energy Prize, Prescription for the Planet, p. 335-6
When the material comforts of
surely carry the day even in the near term.

This means the plan is a pre-requisite - criticizing the current economic system is insufficient without a specific and workable alternative – a moral stand is not enough to start a revolution.
Lawrence Grossburg, 1992, Professor of COMS at UNC, Communication Studies Professor at UNC, We Gotta Get Out of This Place, p. 388-89
If it is capitalism that is at
capitalism with a human heart.” 

The alternative will fail – utopian attempts at reformulating the basis for production cause more harmful acts of self-interest.
Mark Hunter, 6-21-2011, Professor of Humanities at St. Petersburg, “To Attack Capitalism Is To Attack Human Nature,” Real Clear Markets, http://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2011/06/21/to_attack_capitalism_is_to_attack_human_nature_99087.html
Never letting a crisis go to
have concluded in history - hopeless.