| 09/14/2012 | Tournament: UNI | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
1 1) The United States federal government is the actor defined by the resolution, not individual debaters
US Gov Official Website 2009
http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml U.S. Federal Government [...] U.S. government's branches. 2) “Resolved” expresses intent to implement the plan Merriam-Webster Dictionary 1996 [http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=resolved, downloaded 07/20/03] “6. To change or [...] into a committee of the whole.” 3) “Should” denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary 2000
[www.dictionary.com] 3 Used to express probability or expectation 4) Increase means net increase
Words and Phrases, 08 (v. 20a, p.264-265) Cal.App.2 Dist [...] .Res.Code § 25123. Predictability outweighs– a. Game failure Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1) The design games offered below owe [...] -gamemaster ultimately controls the project. b. education and innovation Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1) The development and implementation ofdesign gamesgenerallyrequirethe [...] manipulate the pieces outside of the rules c. stasis Shively ‘2K(Ruth Lessl, Assistant Prof Political Science – Texas AandM U., Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2) The requirements given thus far are [...] on some basic agreement or harmony. d. We co-opt their offense –game rules inspire pedagogical transformation Armstrong 2K
(Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”) From the early days of reader [...] shapes obtained” (FI xi). 2 Hip hop can’t build coalitions in capitalism: capitalism essentializes stereotypes and any space you open up is filled by caricatures. This implicates the effect of music and causes universal complicity in racism. Hip Hop In Urban America “Ghettocentrismand Capitalism - Tues Group 1 Annotated Playlist” July 5, 2010. http://hiphopinurbanamerica.blogspot.com/2010/07/ghettocentrism-capitalism-tues-group-1.html David Samuels explains the popularity of [...] but is a collection of stereotypical images Identity politics entrenches capitalism on two fronts—first it is a divide-and-rule strategy used by global capital to prevent labor from overtaking and second it perpetuates localism as a method of knowledge, destroying the political universalism of class, rendering the systems of oppression invisible Hennessy (Prof @ SUNY Albany) 2K
[Rosemary, Profit and Pleasure: Sexual Identities in Late Capitalism, Routledge] Basic to the structure of late [...] keep the structures of capitalism invisible. Environmentalism or animal right hijacks the left, reinforces capitalism and is anthropocentric Laura Hudson 8. “The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life.” Mediations 23.2 (Spring 2008) 88-117. www.mediationsjournal.org/the-political-animal. Over the past few decades, [...] assuming that they will rectify themselves. Focusing on race masks the perpetuation of capitalism—only by starting with capital can we overcome racism
Hooks 2K
(Bell, Author. Routledge “Where We Stand: Class Matters.”) Pg7 Class matters. Race [...] . could happen to any working man The history of slavery proves that race is merely a symptom of capital—any discussion of racism must first start at the violent history of capital accumulation Tom Keefer, member of Facing Reality, in New Socialist Magazine, January 2003. http://www.newsocialist.org/magazine/39/article03.html The brutality and viciousness of capitalism [...] hope to successfully overthrow them. The material determinism of capital is responsible for the instrumentalization of all life—makes all oppression inevitable. Dyer-Witherford (professor of Library and Info. Sciences @ the Univ. of Western Ontarion) ‘99[Nick. Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism.] For capitalism, the use of [...] has backfired is all too obvious.
Reject the aff to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC. one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humynize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression Tumino(Prof. English @ Pitt) 01
[Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critiqu] Any effective political theory will have [...] ") that masquerades as social theory. Case Whiteness studies are methodologically bankrupt—it fails to analyze the intersection of modes of production and racism. Marx is a better method to deconstruct white supremacy and racism because it interrogates racism and the modes of production which perpetuate inequalities and racism
Cole 9
Mike Cole, Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln, United Kingdom, Power and Education, Volume 1 Number 1 2009
www.wwwords.co.uk/POWER and http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2009.1.1.111, , The Color-Line and the Class Struggle: a Marxist response to critical race theory in education as it arrives in the United Kingdom[1] Focus on White supremacy fails four reasons
1) lack of focus on modes of production
2) homogenizes whites
3) ignores other racisms
4) incites divisiveness
Cole 9
Mike Cole, Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln, United Kingdom, Power and Education, Volume 1 Number 1 2009
www.wwwords.co.uk/POWER and http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2009.1.1.111, , The Color-Line and the Class Struggle: a Marxist response to critical race theory in education as it arrives in the United Kingdom[1] From a Marxist perspective, ‘ [...] . Duffy and Tomlinson, 2009). Focus on white supremacy is counterproductive, complicit in oppression and cannot articulate goals or solutions—this proves coalitions become impossible Cole 9
Mike Cole, Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln, United Kingdom, Power and Education, Volume 1 Number 1 2009
www.wwwords.co.uk/POWER and http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2009.1.1.111, , The Color-Line and the Class Struggle: a Marxist response to critical race theory in education as it arrives in the United Kingdom[1] While critical race theorists share with [...] the inherently exploitative nature of capitalism). The 1ac attempts to explain the world by relying on an order characterized by White Supremacy Perea, ’97[Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213] turns case—their new pedagogy relies on distorted histories and will produce exclusionary politics Perea, ’97[Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213] One of Kuhn's insights about paradigms [...] not seen at all." 122 The alternatives fails and causes a spiral of insecurity that causes the most violent aspects of your impact claims – only taking strategic political action like the plan solves P. H. Liotta (Professor of Humanities at Salve Regina University, Newport, RI, andExecutive Director of the PellCenter for International Relations and Public Policy) 05 “Through the Looking Glass” Sage Publications Although it seems attractive to focus [...] or fail to address – security. The 1AC’s simplification of history omits Latinos/as, Asian Americans, Native Americans and other groups Perea, ’97 [Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213] Literature and textbooks play an important [...] of the evolution of equality doctrines. The act of relying on the white as the starting point of discussion excludes other histories and it ignores the racist history that has happened to and between other groups—most importantly this is a form of academic colonialism which excludes the other on a massive scale flipping the affirmative Perea, ’97 [Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213] In the context of constitutional law [...] in the struggle for civil rights. B. The impact--Turns their paradigm—their new pedagogy draws new lines for which groups deserve political redress or deserve our attention. This flips their aff—and undermines the ability of the affirmative to adequately explain or solve the locus of racism Their political strategy roots race into domination Barbara J. Fields, Fall 2001. “Whiteness, Racism and Identity” International Labor and Working-Class History, No. 60, p 48-56. That is why well-meaning [...] between owners and their property.8 CONFRONTING RACE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WHITES DEVALUING NON-WHITE RACES CREATES BINARIES BETWEEN RACES THAT IS THE FOUNDATION FOR RACISM Arvin Lugay, JD, UC Berkeley, ASIAN LAW JOURNAL, 2005, pp. 221-2 In this case, the inside [...] subordination to the white racial norm. Whiteness studies cannot fully account for privilege or power relations—they misidentify heirarchy Barbara J. Fields, Fall 2001. “Whiteness, Racism and Identity” International Labor and Working-Class History, No. 60, p 48-56. In any case, what may [...] from the dawn of the republic. Environment D Biodiversity loss doesn’t threaten us
Moore 98(Senior Fellow – Hoover Institute, Climate of Fear, Pg. 99) Nevertheless, the loss of a [...] eliminated, would threaten us humans. Extinction outweighs
Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10. Such remote risks may seem academic [...] how much one worries about extinction. New mercury regulations solve Rascoe and Gardner 11 (Ayesha and Timothy, reuters staff writers, 12/21/11, “U.S. rolls out tough rules on coal plant pollution” Reuters) http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/21/us-usa-coal-mercury-idUSTRE7BK1DI20111221 (Reuters) - The Obamaadministration [...] a landmark rule on smog emissions. Mercury pollution has no significant impact, and most mercury in the environment does not come from power plants Schwartz 03 Joel Schwartz, Adjunct Scholar, Competitive Enterprise Institute, May 30, 2003, “COMMENTS ON NRDC’S TESTIMONY ON POWER PLANT REGULATION” Competitive Enterprise Institute, http://www.cei.org/pdf/3500.pdf Current power plant mercury emissions arealso [...] reduce mercury levels in freshwater fish. Drilling offshore displaces worse drilling—and it makes it visible which causes us to reduce our dependence long-term
Little 10 (Amanda, author of Power Trip, 5/21/10, “Opinion: Offshore Drilling -- Better Here Than Elsewhere” AOL News) http://www.aolnews.com/2010/05/21/opinion-offshore-drilling-better-here-than-elsewhere/ |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Iowa AK | Judge: Foley
A. Interpretation: Financial incentives exclude procurement
Czinkota et al, 9 - Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University (Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books) Incentives offered by policymakers to facilitate ... , and investments in infrastructure facilities. B. Violation – Plan provides government purchases for nuclear power C. Vote neg Limits—the government could buy literally more of or develop any subset of the 6 types of energy—explodes limits Ground—Procurement allows the aff to spike out of DAs based on commercialization and broader energy production T2 Interpretation: Substantially is at least 90%
Words and Phrases, 05 (v. 40B, p. 329) N.H. 1949. ... c.138, § 16. We spend $100 billion on nuclear power now
Walsh 08 (Bryan, staff writer, “Is Nuclear Power Viable?” Time) http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1812540,00.html More nuclear subsidies, which many ... near future seems just as unrealistic. Violation: They only increase nuclear power by a small amount Vote neg: - Ground—big cases are key to our DAs
2. Limits—they justify infinite tiny affs
elex Obama will win now – change in the status quo will reverse the trend
Peter Prime 10/4 “Latest Presidential Polls: Race is Tightening, But Obama Continues to Lead Where it Counts”, http://www.policymic.com/articles/15808/latest-presidential-polls-race-is-tightening-but-obama-continues-to-lead-where-it-counts The most recent polls from RealClearPoliticsshow ... are needed to win the presidency. New reactors are massively unpopular
Veronique de Rugy, senior research fellow @ the MercatusCenter @ George Mason University, 7-2012, No to Nukes, Reason, p. reason.com/archives/2012/06/25/no-to-nukes, accessed 9-7-2012 Surprising as it may seem, ... bad politics. It’s awful economics. Approval ratings key
Cook, The National Journal Political Analyst, 11 (Charlie, October 27, “Underwater,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027, d/a 7-20-12, ads) The best barometer of how a ... come down on the same side. Romney kills US-Russia relations --- overwhelms resilience.
The Economist, 9-1-2012, Romney Could Screw Up US Relations with Russia, Business Insider, p. www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-2-2012 Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate ... by malevolent, interfering Western powers. Nuclear war
Cirincione 7 (Joseph Cirincione, Center for American Progress expert in nonproliferation, national security, international security, U.S. military, U.S. foreign policy, July 23rd, 2007, “Nuclear summer, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2007/07/nuclear_summer.html/print.html) Beyond the fact that Putin actually ... scorn any further negotiated nuclear reductions. Qer The Department of Energy should recommend Department of Defense issue licensing contracts for the procurement of small modular reactors on its military bases as part of a technology neutral options framework within the quadrennial energy review scheduled for 2013
QER Solves SMRs—
PCAST 10 Executive Office of the President President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON ACCELERATING THE PACE OF CHANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED FEDERAL ENERGY POLICY http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf Items to include in the DOE ... energy sector to meet national goals. the counterplan gets enacted after the election
Tollefson 11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html) The US Department of Energy ( ... 2050, from a 2005 baseline. nnsa NNSA stemming human capital shortages- plan trades off- no link turns
Aloise, 12 -- GAO Nuclear Security, Safety, and Nonproliferation director
(Gene, former GAO Assistant Director for Report and Testimony Quality Control, "Modernizing the Nuclear Security Enterprise: Strategies and Challenges in Sustaining Critical Skills in Federal and Contractor Workforces," Government Accountability Office, GAO-12-468, April 2012, http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/590488.pdf, accessed 9-4-12) The enterprise’s work environments and site ... initiatives, and make appropriate adjustments. Plan trades off- its zero-sum
Lorentzen, 8 -- Human Sciences Research Council chief research specialist
(Jo, PhD from the European University Institute in Italy, worked at universities and research institutes in Europe and in the US for a decade during which he taught courses on international business and economic development, and Il-Haam Petersen "Human Capital Dynamics in Three Technology Platforms: Nuclear, Space and Biotechnology," March 2008, https://www.labour.gov.za/downloads/documents/research-documents/Technology%20Platforms.pdf, accessed 9-6-12) For the new build programme, ... whoever else makes up its consortium. NNSA human capital key to solve disease
D'Agostino, 10 – U.S. Under Secretary for Nuclear Security
(Thomas, former Stockpile Stewardship Program director, "NNSA Administrator Addresses Next Generation of Computational Scientists," 6-22-10, www.nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/speeches/csgfremarks062210, accessed 9-4-12) Since I spoke to this group ... with the rest of the Department. Extinction
Keating, 9 -- Foreign Policy web editor
(Joshua, "The End of the World," Foreign Policy, 11-13-9, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, accessed 9-7-12) How it could happen: Throughout ... new and just as troubling complication. Incremental funding CP The United States Department of Defense should utilize incremental funding to purchase small modular reactors for use on military bases within the United States. Full-funding process is normal means – Congress is notified about the plan.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ) The full funding policy is a ... Government Accountability Office, and DOD. Counterplan process independently reduces disruption, investment bias, and boosts flexibility in production economies of scale – only the counterplan solves the aff.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ) A principal effect of the full ... have become¶ unnecessary or inappropriate. Aff displaces items in the DoD budget – the counterplan doesn’t.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ) Although incremental funding fell out of ... or the international security¶ environment. Nuclear modernization will be the first to be cut – it’s on the chopping block – that destroys deterrence
Trachtenberg, 11 – president and CEO of Shortwaver Consulting, LLC, former principal deputy assistant secretary of defense (international security policy), acting deputy assistant secretary of defense (forces policy), and head of the policy staff of the House Armed Services Committee (David J, 10/1. “Nuclear Fallback.” ,” http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/279610/nuclear-fallback-david-j-trachtenberg#) Political turmoil in the Middle East ... deterrent remains as important as ever. Deterrence solves nuclear and biological attacks on the US
Mark Schneider, July 08. Senior Analyst with the National Institute for Public Policy, Ph.D in history at the University of Southern California and JD from George Washington University, former senior officer in the DoD in positions relating to arms control and nuclear weapons policy. “The Future of the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent,” Comparative Strategy 27.4, Ebsco. Today, theUnited States, the ... been reported in the press.8 Case--Heg ONE--heg is unsustainable
Christopher Layne, Professor, National Security, Texas AandM University, “This Time It’s Real: The End of Unipolarity and Pax Americana,” INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, 2012, Wiley, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00704.x/full, accessed 6-9-12. Before the Great Recession’s foreshocks in ... material foundations of American primacy erode. TWO, transition now key to stability
Christopher Layne, Professor, National Security, Texas AandM University, “The Global Power Shift from West to East,” THE NATIONAL INTERST, May/June 2012, p. 31. During the next two decades, ... world transformation occurring before their eyes. THREE, prevents extended deterrence breakdowns and nuclear war
Christopher Layne, Professor, National Security, Texas AandM University, THE PEACE OF ILLUSIONS: AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY FROM 1940 TO PRESENT, 2006, p. 169. Proponents of U.S. ... Eurasian conflicts by its alliance commitments. Data disproves heg impacts
Fettweis, 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO It is perhaps worth noting that ... base their view on faith alone. Doesn’t solve energy, causes accidents and terror attacks
Baker ’12– Adjunct Junior Fellow @ AmericanSecurity Project, BA in Political Science (Matthew, “Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?”, June 22, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/, ) Unfortunately all the hype surrounding SMRs ... are more costly than its benefits. No solvency—no expertise
Parthemore and Rogers 10 (Christine and Will, Bacevich Fellow – CNAS, “Nuclear Reactors on Military Bases May Be Risky,” Center for a New American Security, 5-20, http://www.cnas.org/node/4502)
The media have reported that Tennessee ... include examination of these important concerns. SMR’s cant solve heg and DOD won’t deploy them
Wong ’12 (Kelvin Wong, Kelvin Wong is an Associate Research Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University. He is with the Military Studies Programme at the School’s constituent unit, the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, “The Military’s Quest for Nuclear Power”, http://rolandsanjuan.blogspot.com/2012/05/beyond-weapons-militarys-quest-for.html, May 18, 2012, LEQ) Synopsis The military has always maintained ... give military planners cause to pause. DoD supply solves--No scenario for a cut-off and the SPR solves
Green, resident scholar – AEI, 7/2/’12
(Kenneth P., “End the DoD's green energy fuelishness,” AEI) Virtually none of these arguments pass ... by itself for almost 6 years. Bottlenecks prevent construction
Daryan 12. (January 3rd, 2012. http://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/ca/part-10-smallreactors-mass-prod/ “Part 10 – Small modular reactors and mass production option“) RCM So there are a host of ... ) and probably more expensive too. Nothing until 2020--worker problems
Carroll 12 Jeff, JD from the University of Chicago, March/April, "A new generation: Small modular nuclear reactors could have economic and safety benefits, a Chicago study reports", mag.uchicago.edu/science-medicine/new-generation The new reactors could be built ... before the first ones come online. DOD taking efforts to shield itself from grid outages now
GAO 9
(Government Accountability Office, “Defense Critical Infrastructure:” http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/297169.html,) DOD Has Taken Steps to Assure ... security measures around electrical power facilities. Prolif No nuclear renaissance
Mez 12—Lutz Mez September Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin “Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection” Energy Policy 48 (2012) 56–63 Has the global renaissance of nuclear ... historical zenith of 444 was attained. Plan causes massive IAEA overstretch—-only SMRs link—-turns prolif
Dr. Edwin Lyman 11, Senior Scientist, Global Security Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, July 14, 2011, Testimony Before the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, "An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors" http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm, The distributed deployment of small reactors ... difficult, if feasible at all. US won’t exert nonprolif leadership
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The cases above offer a common ... forgo nuclear fuel-making. Nuclear energy cred fails—countries say no to US tech if it constrains them
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The examples above show the limitations ... to have had little tangible influence. Prolif resistant trade doesn’t exist—nuclear coop always increases risk of prolif
Fuhrmann 9
Matthew Fuhrmann, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina, Summer 2009, Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/Spreading-Temptation-Proliferation-and-Peaceful-Nuclear-Cooperation-Agreements.pdf Recent research finds that countries receiving ... proliferation-proof” atomic assistance. No widespread prolif
Hymans 12 Jacques Hymans, USC Associate Professor of IR, 4/16/12, North Korea's Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show Washington's miscalculation is not just a ... Korea has a lot of company. No domino theory—nonproliferation has zero utility
Potter 8 William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Summer 2008, Divining Nuclear Intentions, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v033/33.1.potter.pdf Hymans is keenly aware of the ... desired nuclear weapons from pursuing them. Nuclear power leadership high
Pete Domenici 12, senator and Warren Miller, co-chair of Nuclear Initiative, former DOE Assist. Sec., July 2012, “Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Global Nuclear Energy Markets,” Bipartisan Policy Center Nuclear power already plays an important ... of international fuel-cycle issues. Alt cause--disarm
Wellen 12 (Russ, staff writer, 6/19/12, “West's Idea of Nuclear Disarmament Doesn't Include Itself” Truthout) http://truth-out.org/news/item/9758-wests-idea-of-nuclear-disarmament-doesnt-include-itself The West insists on nuclear nonproliferation ... smokescreen for continued nuclear-weapons funding |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
T Interpretation: Substantially is at least 90%
Words and Phrases, 05 (v. 40B, p. 329) N.H. 1949. ... c.138, § 16. We spend $100 billion on nuclear power now
Walsh 08 (Bryan, staff writer, “Is Nuclear Power Viable?” Time) http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1812540,00.html More nuclear subsidies, ... which ... near future seems just as unrealistic. Violation: They only increase nuclear power by a small amount Vote neg: - Ground—big cases are key to our DAs
2. Limits—they justify infinite tiny affs
States 50 states and relevant territories should substantially increase loan guarantees for integral fast reactors using the S-PRISM design and coordinate to create uniform implementation. States solve Ben-Moshe et al 9 FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL and STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA Energy Law Journal Vol 30 No. 2 2009 Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason * Kelley Michael Gale is the Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups. He has thirty years of experience representing private and public sector clients in the development, regulation, and financing of alternative energy projects and capital intensive infrastructure projects. The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of Latham and Watkins LLP or its clients. States that wish to promote nuclear ... jump on nuclear power development.92 elex Obama will win now – change in the status quo will reverse the trend
Peter Prime 10/4 “Latest Presidential Polls: Race is Tightening, But Obama Continues to Lead Where it Counts”, http://www.policymic.com/articles/15808/latest-presidential-polls-race-is-tightening-but-obama-continues-to-lead-where-it-counts The most recent polls from RealClearPoliticsshow ... are needed to win the presidency. New reactors are massively unpopular
Veronique de Rugy, senior research fellow @ the MercatusCenter @ George Mason University, 7-2012, No to Nukes, Reason, p. reason.com/archives/2012/06/25/no-to-nukes, accessed 9-7-2012 Surprising as it may seem, ... bad politics. It’s awful economics. Approval ratings key
Cook, The National Journal Political Analyst, 11 (Charlie, October 27, “Underwater,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027, d/a 7-20-12, ads) The best barometer of how a ... come down on the same side. Romney kills US-Russia relations --- overwhelms resilience.
The Economist, 9-1-2012, Romney Could Screw Up US Relations with Russia, Business Insider, p. www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-2-2012 Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate ... by malevolent, interfering Western powers. Nuclear war
Cirincione 7 (Joseph Cirincione, Center for American Progress expert in nonproliferation, national security, international security, U.S. military, U.S. foreign policy, July 23rd, 2007, “Nuclear summer, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2007/07/nuclear_summer.html/print.html) Beyond the fact that Putin actually ... scorn any further negotiated nuclear reductions. Cap k Nuclear power is a smokescreen to make fossil fuel consumption look good—also causes proliferation
ICC 11 submitted by International Communist Current Online on August 16, 2011, “Nuclear energy, capitalism and communism” http://en.internationalism.org/wr/347/nuclear Despite talk about energy too cheap ... and a cover for weapons programmes. inherent contradictions prove capitalism is unsustainable and extinction is inevitable--Movements solve now, but the plan derails them
The alternative is to reject the aff Magdoff and Foster, 2010
(Fred and John Belamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, “What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know about Capitalism”, Monthly Review, Volume 61, Issue 10) NG The foregoing analysis, if correct ... ostensibly for, the people.57 Labs adv Cuts aren’t the end of the world for Argonne – first card is selective highlighting around it only laying off a third of its workforce and all their quotes about the implications are from hacks who work there. Federal budget actually ended up preserving Argonne
Williamson 11 (Lauren serves as associate regional editor for several Patch.com sites in the near-west Chicago suburbs. She came to Patch from InsideCounsel, a legal magazine where she worked as managing editor)
(4/15/11 Federal Budget Agreement Preserves Argonne Funding http://darien-il.patch.com/articles/federal-budget-agreement-preserves-argonne-funding) While the federal government nearly shut ... ,” Isaacs said in a statement. No scientists to recruit – your evidence is from 08 – we haven’t built a new project means there’s no capable people to finish the research. Plan trades off with Argonne scientists—its zero-sum
Lorentzen, 8 -- Human Sciences Research Council chief research specialist
(Jo, PhD from the European University Institute in Italy, worked at universities and research institutes in Europe and in the US for a decade during which he taught courses on international business and economic development, and Il-Haam Petersen "Human Capital Dynamics in Three Technology Platforms: Nuclear, Space and Biotechnology," March 2008, https://www.labour.gov.za/downloads/documents/research-documents/Technology%20Platforms.pdf, accessed 9-6-12) For the new build programme, ... whoever else makes up its consortium. No bioterror—experts agree John Mueller, Professor, Political Science, Ohio State University, OVERBLOWN: HOW POLITICIANS AND THE TERRORISM INDUSTRY INFLATE NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS, AND WHY WE BELIEVE THEM, 2009, p. 21-22. For the most destructive results, ... seems to think the task is."" Timeframe is long – Development fails and takes decades.
John F. Sargent 5/15/08, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy in the Resources, Science, and Industry Division “Nanotechnology and U.S. Competitiveness,” http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/106153.pdf Basic research in nanotechnology may not ... understanding may not present commercial opportunities. Nanotech doesn’t risk extinction – It can’t spread through the air
Freeman J. Dyson 03, Professor of Physics Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, 2-13-2003 New York Review of Books 50:3 http://www.nybooks.com/articles/16053 It is easy to demonstrate that ... to be as large as insects. Self-replicating nanobots are impossible – 3 reasons
Science in 2k Robert F. Service, “Is Nanotechnology Dangerous?” Volume 290, Number 5496, November 24, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/290/5496/1526) Richard Smalley, a Nobel Prize ... will never be in the future." Nanotechnology won’t include replicators
John Leslie 97, Professor Emeritus at the University of Guelph and Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, 1997 The End of the World: The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction p.8 As Drexler elsewhere remarks, 'by ... things, incapable of reproducing themselves. Warming adv Nuclear reactors are too little, too late for global warming
Madsen et al 09 (Travis Madsen and Tony Dutzik, analysts for Frontier Group, Bernadette Del Chiaro and Rob Sargent Environment America Research and Policy Center, November 2009, “GENERATING FAILURE How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming” Frontier Group, Environment America) http://www.frontiergroup.org/sites/default/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web.pdf Even Without Delays, the Nuclear ... the risk of catastrophic global warming. Can’t solve for transportation emissions
Squassoni 12 (Susan, Director and Senior Fellow of the Proliferation Prevention Program at CSIS, (FAS and WASHINGTON and LEE UNIVERSITY The Future of Nuclear Power in the United States, Edited by Charles D. Ferguson and Frank A. Settle, February, http://www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf) In response to mitigating climate change ... dioxide emissions will be somewhat limited. Nuclear power contributes to warming
Grossman 08 - Karl Grossman, Professor, Journalism, SUNY-Old Westbury, “Money Is the Real Green Power: The Hoax of Eco-Friendly Nuclear Energy,” EXTRA!, January/February 2008, npg. What is left unmentioned by the ... op-ed columnists and editors." Emissions increases elsewhere offset US gains
Scheffran 11 (Jürgen, head of the research group climate change and security at the KlimaCampus of Hamburg University in Germany, “Nuclear energy and climate change: limits and risks”) http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf 3. Due to the expected ... consumed within the next five decades. IFRs too costly and too long term to solve warming – also trades off with short-term renewable tech that solves better
Cochran 9
(Thomas, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council, “Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Hearing; To receive testimony on nuclear energy development; Testimony by Thomas Cochran, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council” March 18, 2009, Congressional Documents and Publications) B. Spent Fuel Reprocessing. ... we have available to us today. No Resource Wars – Six Factors Check
Deudney, 1999 (Daniel, Asst Prof of Poli Sci at Johns Hopkins, Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics) Another major limitation of most studies ... (see figure 8.1). No impact to warming a. Adaptation solves
Fettweis 11 Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 127-128 It should go without saying that ... forms, be all but obsolete. Water scarcity solves trade and war
Barnaby 9 Nature 458, 282-283 (19 March 2009) | doi:10.1038/458282a; Published online 18 March 2009 Do nations go to war over water? See associated Correspondence: Serageldin, Nature 459, 163 (May 2009)Zeitoun, Nature 459, 163 (May 2009) Wendy Barnaby1 1. Wendy Barnaby is editor of People and Science, the magazine published by the British Science Association. The United Nations warned as recently ... the misleading notions of 'water wars'. Trade solves great power war—consensus of best studies Hillebrand 10 (Professor of Diplomacy @ University of Kentucky and a Senior Economist for the Central Intelligence Agency, Evan E. Hillebrand, “Deglobalization Scenarios: Who Wins? Who Loses?”, Global Economy Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2) A long line of writers from ... the probability for interstate war rises.
Prolif Adv No nuclear renaissance
Mez 12—Lutz Mez September Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin “Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection” Energy Policy 48 (2012) 56–63 Has the global renaissance of nuclear ... historical zenith of 444 was attained. IFRs cause proliferation—they produce weapons grade plutonium and and won’t be used to cut down on fissile materials
Green 09 (Jim, national anti-nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and Australian coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, July 2009, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Fourth Generation' Reactors” Chain Reaction Magazine) http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw George Stanford, who worked on ... by countries that would be excluded. US won’t exert nonprolif leadership
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The cases above offer a common ... forgo nuclear fuel-making. Nuclear energy cred fails—countries say no to US tech if it constrains them
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The examples above show the limitations ... to have had little tangible influence. Prolif resistant trade doesn’t exist—nuclear coop always increases risk of prolif
Fuhrmann 9
Matthew Fuhrmann, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina, Summer 2009, Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/Spreading-Temptation-Proliferation-and-Peaceful-Nuclear-Cooperation-Agreements.pdf Recent research finds that countries receiving ... proliferation-proof” atomic assistance. No widespread prolif
Hymans 12 Jacques Hymans, USC Associate Professor of IR, 4/16/12, North Korea's Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show Washington's miscalculation is not just a ... Korea has a lot of company. No domino theory—nonproliferation has zero utility
Potter 8 William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Summer 2008, Divining Nuclear Intentions, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v033/33.1.potter.pdf Hymans is keenly aware of the ... desired nuclear weapons from pursuing them. Solvency No one will invest—empirically proven
Wald 11 (Matthew, staff writer, 4/28/11, “Despite Bipartisan Support, Nuclear Reactor Projects Falter” New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/business/energy-environment/29utility.html WASHINGTON — In an effort to ... power plant could bring new rules. No spillover -- IFRs too costly and take too long
Makhijani 1
(Arjun, PhD in engineering and an electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. Makhijani has written many books and reports analyzing the safety, economics, and efficiency of various energy sources. He has testified before Congress and has served as an expert witness in Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceedings, “Letters to the Editor” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, May 2001 vol. 57 no. 3 4-5) As for IFRs, the 1996 ... all the uranium in spent fuel. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
T Interpretation: Substantially is at least 90%
Words and Phrases, 05 (v. 40B, p. 329) N.H. 1949. ... c.138, § 16. We spend $100 billion on nuclear power now
Walsh 08 (Bryan, staff writer, “Is Nuclear Power Viable?” Time) http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1812540,00.html More nuclear subsidies, ... which ... near future seems just as unrealistic. Violation: They only increase nuclear power by a small amount Vote neg: - Ground—big cases are key to our DAs
2. Limits—they justify infinite tiny affs
States 50 states and relevant territories should substantially increase loan guarantees for integral fast reactors using the S-PRISM design and coordinate to create uniform implementation. States solve Ben-Moshe et al 9 FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL and STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA Energy Law Journal Vol 30 No. 2 2009 Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason * Kelley Michael Gale is the Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups. He has thirty years of experience representing private and public sector clients in the development, regulation, and financing of alternative energy projects and capital intensive infrastructure projects. The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of Latham and Watkins LLP or its clients. States that wish to promote nuclear ... jump on nuclear power development.92 elex Obama will win now – change in the status quo will reverse the trend
Peter Prime 10/4 “Latest Presidential Polls: Race is Tightening, But Obama Continues to Lead Where it Counts”, http://www.policymic.com/articles/15808/latest-presidential-polls-race-is-tightening-but-obama-continues-to-lead-where-it-counts The most recent polls from RealClearPoliticsshow ... are needed to win the presidency. New reactors are massively unpopular
Veronique de Rugy, senior research fellow @ the MercatusCenter @ George Mason University, 7-2012, No to Nukes, Reason, p. reason.com/archives/2012/06/25/no-to-nukes, accessed 9-7-2012 Surprising as it may seem, ... bad politics. It’s awful economics. Approval ratings key
Cook, The National Journal Political Analyst, 11 (Charlie, October 27, “Underwater,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027, d/a 7-20-12, ads) The best barometer of how a ... come down on the same side. Romney kills US-Russia relations --- overwhelms resilience.
The Economist, 9-1-2012, Romney Could Screw Up US Relations with Russia, Business Insider, p. www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-2-2012 Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate ... by malevolent, interfering Western powers. Nuclear war
Cirincione 7 (Joseph Cirincione, Center for American Progress expert in nonproliferation, national security, international security, U.S. military, U.S. foreign policy, July 23rd, 2007, “Nuclear summer, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2007/07/nuclear_summer.html/print.html) Beyond the fact that Putin actually ... scorn any further negotiated nuclear reductions. Cap k Nuclear power is a smokescreen to make fossil fuel consumption look good—also causes proliferation
ICC 11 submitted by International Communist Current Online on August 16, 2011, “Nuclear energy, capitalism and communism” http://en.internationalism.org/wr/347/nuclear Despite talk about energy too cheap ... and a cover for weapons programmes. inherent contradictions prove capitalism is unsustainable and extinction is inevitable--Movements solve now, but the plan derails them
The alternative is to reject the aff Magdoff and Foster, 2010
(Fred and John Belamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, “What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know about Capitalism”, Monthly Review, Volume 61, Issue 10) NG The foregoing analysis, if correct ... ostensibly for, the people.57 Labs adv Cuts aren’t the end of the world for Argonne – first card is selective highlighting around it only laying off a third of its workforce and all their quotes about the implications are from hacks who work there. Federal budget actually ended up preserving Argonne
Williamson 11 (Lauren serves as associate regional editor for several Patch.com sites in the near-west Chicago suburbs. She came to Patch from InsideCounsel, a legal magazine where she worked as managing editor)
(4/15/11 Federal Budget Agreement Preserves Argonne Funding http://darien-il.patch.com/articles/federal-budget-agreement-preserves-argonne-funding) While the federal government nearly shut ... ,” Isaacs said in a statement. No scientists to recruit – your evidence is from 08 – we haven’t built a new project means there’s no capable people to finish the research. Plan trades off with Argonne scientists—its zero-sum
Lorentzen, 8 -- Human Sciences Research Council chief research specialist
(Jo, PhD from the European University Institute in Italy, worked at universities and research institutes in Europe and in the US for a decade during which he taught courses on international business and economic development, and Il-Haam Petersen "Human Capital Dynamics in Three Technology Platforms: Nuclear, Space and Biotechnology," March 2008, https://www.labour.gov.za/downloads/documents/research-documents/Technology%20Platforms.pdf, accessed 9-6-12) For the new build programme, ... whoever else makes up its consortium. No bioterror—experts agree John Mueller, Professor, Political Science, Ohio State University, OVERBLOWN: HOW POLITICIANS AND THE TERRORISM INDUSTRY INFLATE NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS, AND WHY WE BELIEVE THEM, 2009, p. 21-22. For the most destructive results, ... seems to think the task is."" Timeframe is long – Development fails and takes decades.
John F. Sargent 5/15/08, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy in the Resources, Science, and Industry Division “Nanotechnology and U.S. Competitiveness,” http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/106153.pdf Basic research in nanotechnology may not ... understanding may not present commercial opportunities. Nanotech doesn’t risk extinction – It can’t spread through the air
Freeman J. Dyson 03, Professor of Physics Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, 2-13-2003 New York Review of Books 50:3 http://www.nybooks.com/articles/16053 It is easy to demonstrate that ... to be as large as insects. Self-replicating nanobots are impossible – 3 reasons
Science in 2k Robert F. Service, “Is Nanotechnology Dangerous?” Volume 290, Number 5496, November 24, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/290/5496/1526) Richard Smalley, a Nobel Prize ... will never be in the future." Nanotechnology won’t include replicators
John Leslie 97, Professor Emeritus at the University of Guelph and Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, 1997 The End of the World: The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction p.8 As Drexler elsewhere remarks, 'by ... things, incapable of reproducing themselves. Warming adv Nuclear reactors are too little, too late for global warming
Madsen et al 09 (Travis Madsen and Tony Dutzik, analysts for Frontier Group, Bernadette Del Chiaro and Rob Sargent Environment America Research and Policy Center, November 2009, “GENERATING FAILURE How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming” Frontier Group, Environment America) http://www.frontiergroup.org/sites/default/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web.pdf Even Without Delays, the Nuclear ... the risk of catastrophic global warming. Can’t solve for transportation emissions
Squassoni 12 (Susan, Director and Senior Fellow of the Proliferation Prevention Program at CSIS, (FAS and WASHINGTON and LEE UNIVERSITY The Future of Nuclear Power in the United States, Edited by Charles D. Ferguson and Frank A. Settle, February, http://www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf) In response to mitigating climate change ... dioxide emissions will be somewhat limited. Nuclear power contributes to warming
Grossman 08 - Karl Grossman, Professor, Journalism, SUNY-Old Westbury, “Money Is the Real Green Power: The Hoax of Eco-Friendly Nuclear Energy,” EXTRA!, January/February 2008, npg. What is left unmentioned by the ... op-ed columnists and editors." Emissions increases elsewhere offset US gains
Scheffran 11 (Jürgen, head of the research group climate change and security at the KlimaCampus of Hamburg University in Germany, “Nuclear energy and climate change: limits and risks”) http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf 3. Due to the expected ... consumed within the next five decades. IFRs too costly and too long term to solve warming – also trades off with short-term renewable tech that solves better
Cochran 9
(Thomas, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council, “Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Hearing; To receive testimony on nuclear energy development; Testimony by Thomas Cochran, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council” March 18, 2009, Congressional Documents and Publications) B. Spent Fuel Reprocessing. ... we have available to us today. No Resource Wars – Six Factors Check
Deudney, 1999 (Daniel, Asst Prof of Poli Sci at Johns Hopkins, Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics) Another major limitation of most studies ... (see figure 8.1). No impact to warming a. Adaptation solves
Fettweis 11 Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 127-128 It should go without saying that ... forms, be all but obsolete. Water scarcity solves trade and war
Barnaby 9 Nature 458, 282-283 (19 March 2009) | doi:10.1038/458282a; Published online 18 March 2009 Do nations go to war over water? See associated Correspondence: Serageldin, Nature 459, 163 (May 2009)Zeitoun, Nature 459, 163 (May 2009) Wendy Barnaby1 1. Wendy Barnaby is editor of People and Science, the magazine published by the British Science Association. The United Nations warned as recently ... the misleading notions of 'water wars'. Trade solves great power war—consensus of best studies Hillebrand 10 (Professor of Diplomacy @ University of Kentucky and a Senior Economist for the Central Intelligence Agency, Evan E. Hillebrand, “Deglobalization Scenarios: Who Wins? Who Loses?”, Global Economy Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2) A long line of writers from ... the probability for interstate war rises.
Prolif Adv No nuclear renaissance
Mez 12—Lutz Mez September Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin “Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection” Energy Policy 48 (2012) 56–63 Has the global renaissance of nuclear ... historical zenith of 444 was attained. IFRs cause proliferation—they produce weapons grade plutonium and and won’t be used to cut down on fissile materials
Green 09 (Jim, national anti-nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and Australian coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, July 2009, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Fourth Generation' Reactors” Chain Reaction Magazine) http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw George Stanford, who worked on ... by countries that would be excluded. US won’t exert nonprolif leadership
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The cases above offer a common ... forgo nuclear fuel-making. Nuclear energy cred fails—countries say no to US tech if it constrains them
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The examples above show the limitations ... to have had little tangible influence. Prolif resistant trade doesn’t exist—nuclear coop always increases risk of prolif
Fuhrmann 9
Matthew Fuhrmann, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina, Summer 2009, Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/Spreading-Temptation-Proliferation-and-Peaceful-Nuclear-Cooperation-Agreements.pdf Recent research finds that countries receiving ... proliferation-proof” atomic assistance. No widespread prolif
Hymans 12 Jacques Hymans, USC Associate Professor of IR, 4/16/12, North Korea's Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show Washington's miscalculation is not just a ... Korea has a lot of company. No domino theory—nonproliferation has zero utility
Potter 8 William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Summer 2008, Divining Nuclear Intentions, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v033/33.1.potter.pdf Hymans is keenly aware of the ... desired nuclear weapons from pursuing them. Solvency No one will invest—empirically proven
Wald 11 (Matthew, staff writer, 4/28/11, “Despite Bipartisan Support, Nuclear Reactor Projects Falter” New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/business/energy-environment/29utility.html WASHINGTON — In an effort to ... power plant could bring new rules. No spillover -- IFRs too costly and take too long
Makhijani 1
(Arjun, PhD in engineering and an electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. Makhijani has written many books and reports analyzing the safety, economics, and efficiency of various energy sources. He has testified before Congress and has served as an expert witness in Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceedings, “Letters to the Editor” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, May 2001 vol. 57 no. 3 4-5) As for IFRs, the 1996 ... all the uranium in spent fuel. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
T Interpretation: Substantially is at least 90%
Words and Phrases, 05 (v. 40B, p. 329) N.H. 1949. ... c.138, § 16. We spend $100 billion on nuclear power now
Walsh 08 (Bryan, staff writer, “Is Nuclear Power Viable?” Time) http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1812540,00.html More nuclear subsidies, ... which ... near future seems just as unrealistic. Violation: They only increase nuclear power by a small amount Vote neg: - Ground—big cases are key to our DAs
2. Limits—they justify infinite tiny affs
States 50 states and relevant territories should substantially increase loan guarantees for integral fast reactors using the S-PRISM design and coordinate to create uniform implementation. States solve Ben-Moshe et al 9 FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL and STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA Energy Law Journal Vol 30 No. 2 2009 Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason * Kelley Michael Gale is the Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups. He has thirty years of experience representing private and public sector clients in the development, regulation, and financing of alternative energy projects and capital intensive infrastructure projects. The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of Latham and Watkins LLP or its clients. States that wish to promote nuclear ... jump on nuclear power development.92 elex Obama will win now – change in the status quo will reverse the trend
Peter Prime 10/4 “Latest Presidential Polls: Race is Tightening, But Obama Continues to Lead Where it Counts”, http://www.policymic.com/articles/15808/latest-presidential-polls-race-is-tightening-but-obama-continues-to-lead-where-it-counts The most recent polls from RealClearPoliticsshow ... are needed to win the presidency. New reactors are massively unpopular
Veronique de Rugy, senior research fellow @ the MercatusCenter @ George Mason University, 7-2012, No to Nukes, Reason, p. reason.com/archives/2012/06/25/no-to-nukes, accessed 9-7-2012 Surprising as it may seem, ... bad politics. It’s awful economics. Approval ratings key
Cook, The National Journal Political Analyst, 11 (Charlie, October 27, “Underwater,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027, d/a 7-20-12, ads) The best barometer of how a ... come down on the same side. Romney kills US-Russia relations --- overwhelms resilience.
The Economist, 9-1-2012, Romney Could Screw Up US Relations with Russia, Business Insider, p. www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-2-2012 Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate ... by malevolent, interfering Western powers. Nuclear war
Cirincione 7 (Joseph Cirincione, Center for American Progress expert in nonproliferation, national security, international security, U.S. military, U.S. foreign policy, July 23rd, 2007, “Nuclear summer, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2007/07/nuclear_summer.html/print.html) Beyond the fact that Putin actually ... scorn any further negotiated nuclear reductions. Cap k Nuclear power is a smokescreen to make fossil fuel consumption look good—also causes proliferation
ICC 11 submitted by International Communist Current Online on August 16, 2011, “Nuclear energy, capitalism and communism” http://en.internationalism.org/wr/347/nuclear Despite talk about energy too cheap ... and a cover for weapons programmes. inherent contradictions prove capitalism is unsustainable and extinction is inevitable--Movements solve now, but the plan derails them
The alternative is to reject the aff Magdoff and Foster, 2010
(Fred and John Belamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, “What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know about Capitalism”, Monthly Review, Volume 61, Issue 10) NG The foregoing analysis, if correct ... ostensibly for, the people.57 Labs adv Cuts aren’t the end of the world for Argonne – first card is selective highlighting around it only laying off a third of its workforce and all their quotes about the implications are from hacks who work there. Federal budget actually ended up preserving Argonne
Williamson 11 (Lauren serves as associate regional editor for several Patch.com sites in the near-west Chicago suburbs. She came to Patch from InsideCounsel, a legal magazine where she worked as managing editor)
(4/15/11 Federal Budget Agreement Preserves Argonne Funding http://darien-il.patch.com/articles/federal-budget-agreement-preserves-argonne-funding) While the federal government nearly shut ... ,” Isaacs said in a statement. No scientists to recruit – your evidence is from 08 – we haven’t built a new project means there’s no capable people to finish the research. Plan trades off with Argonne scientists—its zero-sum
Lorentzen, 8 -- Human Sciences Research Council chief research specialist
(Jo, PhD from the European University Institute in Italy, worked at universities and research institutes in Europe and in the US for a decade during which he taught courses on international business and economic development, and Il-Haam Petersen "Human Capital Dynamics in Three Technology Platforms: Nuclear, Space and Biotechnology," March 2008, https://www.labour.gov.za/downloads/documents/research-documents/Technology%20Platforms.pdf, accessed 9-6-12) For the new build programme, ... whoever else makes up its consortium. No bioterror—experts agree John Mueller, Professor, Political Science, Ohio State University, OVERBLOWN: HOW POLITICIANS AND THE TERRORISM INDUSTRY INFLATE NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS, AND WHY WE BELIEVE THEM, 2009, p. 21-22. For the most destructive results, ... seems to think the task is."" Timeframe is long – Development fails and takes decades.
John F. Sargent 5/15/08, Specialist in Science and Technology Policy in the Resources, Science, and Industry Division “Nanotechnology and U.S. Competitiveness,” http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/106153.pdf Basic research in nanotechnology may not ... understanding may not present commercial opportunities. Nanotech doesn’t risk extinction – It can’t spread through the air
Freeman J. Dyson 03, Professor of Physics Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, 2-13-2003 New York Review of Books 50:3 http://www.nybooks.com/articles/16053 It is easy to demonstrate that ... to be as large as insects. Self-replicating nanobots are impossible – 3 reasons
Science in 2k Robert F. Service, “Is Nanotechnology Dangerous?” Volume 290, Number 5496, November 24, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/290/5496/1526) Richard Smalley, a Nobel Prize ... will never be in the future." Nanotechnology won’t include replicators
John Leslie 97, Professor Emeritus at the University of Guelph and Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, 1997 The End of the World: The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction p.8 As Drexler elsewhere remarks, 'by ... things, incapable of reproducing themselves. Warming adv Nuclear reactors are too little, too late for global warming
Madsen et al 09 (Travis Madsen and Tony Dutzik, analysts for Frontier Group, Bernadette Del Chiaro and Rob Sargent Environment America Research and Policy Center, November 2009, “GENERATING FAILURE How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming” Frontier Group, Environment America) http://www.frontiergroup.org/sites/default/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web.pdf Even Without Delays, the Nuclear ... the risk of catastrophic global warming. Can’t solve for transportation emissions
Squassoni 12 (Susan, Director and Senior Fellow of the Proliferation Prevention Program at CSIS, (FAS and WASHINGTON and LEE UNIVERSITY The Future of Nuclear Power in the United States, Edited by Charles D. Ferguson and Frank A. Settle, February, http://www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf) In response to mitigating climate change ... dioxide emissions will be somewhat limited. Nuclear power contributes to warming
Grossman 08 - Karl Grossman, Professor, Journalism, SUNY-Old Westbury, “Money Is the Real Green Power: The Hoax of Eco-Friendly Nuclear Energy,” EXTRA!, January/February 2008, npg. What is left unmentioned by the ... op-ed columnists and editors." Emissions increases elsewhere offset US gains
Scheffran 11 (Jürgen, head of the research group climate change and security at the KlimaCampus of Hamburg University in Germany, “Nuclear energy and climate change: limits and risks”) http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf 3. Due to the expected ... consumed within the next five decades. IFRs too costly and too long term to solve warming – also trades off with short-term renewable tech that solves better
Cochran 9
(Thomas, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council, “Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Hearing; To receive testimony on nuclear energy development; Testimony by Thomas Cochran, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council” March 18, 2009, Congressional Documents and Publications) B. Spent Fuel Reprocessing. ... we have available to us today. No Resource Wars – Six Factors Check
Deudney, 1999 (Daniel, Asst Prof of Poli Sci at Johns Hopkins, Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics) Another major limitation of most studies ... (see figure 8.1). No impact to warming a. Adaptation solves
Fettweis 11 Christopher, Professor of Political Science @ Tulane, Dangerous Times?: The International Politics of Great Power Peace, pg. 127-128 It should go without saying that ... forms, be all but obsolete. Water scarcity solves trade and war
Barnaby 9 Nature 458, 282-283 (19 March 2009) | doi:10.1038/458282a; Published online 18 March 2009 Do nations go to war over water? See associated Correspondence: Serageldin, Nature 459, 163 (May 2009)Zeitoun, Nature 459, 163 (May 2009) Wendy Barnaby1 1. Wendy Barnaby is editor of People and Science, the magazine published by the British Science Association. The United Nations warned as recently ... the misleading notions of 'water wars'. Trade solves great power war—consensus of best studies Hillebrand 10 (Professor of Diplomacy @ University of Kentucky and a Senior Economist for the Central Intelligence Agency, Evan E. Hillebrand, “Deglobalization Scenarios: Who Wins? Who Loses?”, Global Economy Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2) A long line of writers from ... the probability for interstate war rises.
Prolif Adv No nuclear renaissance
Mez 12—Lutz Mez September Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin “Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection” Energy Policy 48 (2012) 56–63 Has the global renaissance of nuclear ... historical zenith of 444 was attained. IFRs cause proliferation—they produce weapons grade plutonium and and won’t be used to cut down on fissile materials
Green 09 (Jim, national anti-nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and Australian coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, July 2009, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Fourth Generation' Reactors” Chain Reaction Magazine) http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw George Stanford, who worked on ... by countries that would be excluded. US won’t exert nonprolif leadership
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The cases above offer a common ... forgo nuclear fuel-making. Nuclear energy cred fails—countries say no to US tech if it constrains them
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The examples above show the limitations ... to have had little tangible influence. Prolif resistant trade doesn’t exist—nuclear coop always increases risk of prolif
Fuhrmann 9
Matthew Fuhrmann, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina, Summer 2009, Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/Spreading-Temptation-Proliferation-and-Peaceful-Nuclear-Cooperation-Agreements.pdf Recent research finds that countries receiving ... proliferation-proof” atomic assistance. No widespread prolif
Hymans 12 Jacques Hymans, USC Associate Professor of IR, 4/16/12, North Korea's Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show Washington's miscalculation is not just a ... Korea has a lot of company. No domino theory—nonproliferation has zero utility
Potter 8 William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Summer 2008, Divining Nuclear Intentions, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v033/33.1.potter.pdf Hymans is keenly aware of the ... desired nuclear weapons from pursuing them. Solvency No one will invest—empirically proven
Wald 11 (Matthew, staff writer, 4/28/11, “Despite Bipartisan Support, Nuclear Reactor Projects Falter” New York Times) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/business/energy-environment/29utility.html WASHINGTON — In an effort to ... power plant could bring new rules. No spillover -- IFRs too costly and take too long
Makhijani 1
(Arjun, PhD in engineering and an electrical and nuclear engineer who is President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. Makhijani has written many books and reports analyzing the safety, economics, and efficiency of various energy sources. He has testified before Congress and has served as an expert witness in Nuclear Regulatory Commission proceedings, “Letters to the Editor” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, May 2001 vol. 57 no. 3 4-5) As for IFRs, the 1996 ... all the uranium in spent fuel. |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMKC AG | Judge:
Marx Heidegger displaces material universals with subjective individualism—this evaporates class binaries which makes revolution impossible
Defazio 12 Machine-Thinking and the Romance of Posthumanism Kimberly DeFazio, Red Critique, http://redcritique.org/WinterSpring2012/machinethinkingandtheromanceofposthumanism.htm A broader point that needs to ... through the relay of the animal. They preclude a dynamic view of history and cause powerlessness
Stahl 75 The Jargon of Authenticity: An Introduction to a Marxist Critique of Heidegger Gerry Stahl Associate Professor College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University boundary 2 Vol. 3, No. 2 (Winter, 1975), pp. 489-498 Published by: Duke University Press Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/302135 Adorno's philosophical interpretations proceed according to ... could possibly exert some joint control. Alt solves the case, the aff doesn’t—marxist humanism solves instrumentalization of nature and avoids the humanism bad turns—how humans relate to humans determines how humans relate to nature, not vice versa
Defazio 12 Machine-Thinking and the Romance of Posthumanism Kimberly DeFazio, Red Critique, http://redcritique.org/WinterSpring2012/machinethinkingandtheromanceofposthumanism.htm Consequently, one of the important ... "fundamental") relations to animals. The material determinism of capital makes extinction inevitable—root cause of instrumentality
Dyer-Witherford (professor of Library and Info. Sciences @ the Univ. of Western Ontarion) ‘99 Nick. Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism. For capitalism, the use of ... has backfired is all too obvious. Reject the aff to validate and adopt the method of historical materialism that is the 1NC. Class methodology first--one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humanize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression Tumino (Prof. English @ Pitt) 01
Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critiqu Any effective political theory will have ... ") that masquerades as social theory. Disad Windmills take up a lot of land
Michael No Date (John, ehow contributor, “Bad Aspects of Windmills” Ehow) http://www.ehow.com/list_6026136_bad-aspects-windmills.html Windmills are a very clean electricity ... in the rotating blades and killed. That trades off with agriculture
PIMENTEL IN ‘02
(David, professor in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, “Renewable Energy : Current and Potential Issues." Bioscience. December 2002, 12-22,” wyo-ef) Wind farms are forced to compete ... of malnourished people in the world. US agriculture key to global food production
Cupp 4
(O. Shawn Cupp; Assistant Professor, Department of Logistics and Resource Operations, United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2004, Agroterrorism in the US: Key Security Challenges for the 21st Century, http://bcbsma.medscape.com/viewarticle/482308) Agriculture is one of the easiest ... to protect agriculture from terrorist attack. The impact is starvation
Brown 5 (Lester Brown, President of the Earth Policy Institute, February 7, 2005, People and the Planet, “Falling water tables 'could hit food supply',” http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2424 Many Americans see terrorism as the ... meal that is the overriding concern." Interpretation: The affirmative must defend instrumental implementation of the plan
The United States federal government is the actor defined by the resolution, not individual debaters
US Gov Official Website 2009
http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml U.S. Federal Government ... U.S. government's branches. “Resolved” expresses intent to implement the plan
Merriam-Webster Dictionary 1996 http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=resolved, downloaded 07/20/03 “6. To change or ... into a committee of the whole.” “Should” denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary 2K
www.dictionary.com 3 Used to express probability or expectation That’s key to predictable negative ground—they spike all our DA links which means we can never win Case Rationality key to transhumanism Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy Oxford University, The Transhumanist FAQ- A General Introduction, Version 2.1 (2003), google. Transhumanism is a way of thinking ... would think of as “ human” We Control Access: This Debate Helps reverse the Failures of humanism: speciesm, racism, and disposability. We control access to root causes. Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy Oxford University, The Transhumanist FAQ- A General Introduction, Version 2.1 (2003), google. Transhumanism is compatible with a variety ... humans have in their current form. Action to prevent mass catastrophe precedes ontology
Arnold I. Davidson, Coeditor, Critical Inquiry and Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Chicago, “Questions Concerning Heidegger,” CRITICAL INQUIRY, v 15 n 1, Winter 1989, p. 426. I understand Levinas' work to suggest ... is here that questioning must stop. Turn—their focus on ontology creates moral blindness to atrocities and tyranny.
Steven B. Smith, Alfred Cowles Professor of Political Science and Master of Branford College, Yale University, READING LEO STRAUSS: POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY, JUDAISM, 2006, p. 130. At another point, Strauss suggests ... of Heidegger's forgetfulness of the political. Ontological focus is bad—it’s subjective, non-falsifiable, and authoritarian
Graham, ‘99 Phil Graham, Graduate School of Management , University of Queensland, Heidegger’s Hippies: A dissenting voice on the “problem of the subject” in cyberspace, Identities in Action! 1999, http://www.philgraham.net/HH_conf.pdf Of course, “the problem ... currency (Adorno 1964/19731973). The alt commits to a strong ontology Stephen K. White, Political theory prof @ Univ of Virginia)Sustaining Affirmation: The Strengths of Weak Ontology in Political Theory. Princeton University Press, 2000. p.6-8 Strong are those ontologies that claim ... strategies to outweigh the claimed benefits. Heidegger’s ontology can’t attach itself to the contingency of being—it displaces itself in the nuclear age as the logic of extinction Stephen K. White, Political theory prof @ Univ of Virginia)Sustaining Affirmation: The Strengths of Weak Ontology in Political Theory. Princeton University Press, 2000. p. 28 A strong sense of the inessentiality ... and denied possibility of extinction.”47 Heidegger denies the becoming of being—research indicates his notions are outdated and literally incompatible with neuroscience. It devolves into the elimination of otherness
Stephen K. White Political theory prof @ Univ of Virginia)Sustaining Affirmation: The Strengths of Weak Ontology in Political Theory. Princeton University Press, 2000. p. 109-112 The juxtaposition with Heidegger is useful ... mode of being as other.”16 They result in a radical and violent elimination of the other Howe 2006 (Louis E., associate professor in the Department of Political Science and Planning at the University of West Georgia, “Enchantment, Weak Ontologies, and Administrative Ethics,” Administration and Society, September, p.427-8) In this section, I will ... ontopolitcal interpretation (p. 1). |
| 10/07/2012 | Tournament: kentucky | Round: 8 | Opponent: kansas dw | Judge: PJ T A. Interpretation: Financial incentives exclude procurement
Czinkota et al, 9 - Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University (Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books) Incentives offered by policymakers to facilitate ... , and investments in infrastructure facilities. B. Violation – Plan provides government purchases for nuclear power C. Vote neg Limits—the government could buy literally more of or develop any subset of the 6 types of energy—explodes limits Ground—Procurement allows the aff to spike out of DAs based on commercialization and broader energy production T2 Interpretation: Substantially is at least 90%
Words and Phrases, 05 (v. 40B, p. 329) N.H. 1949. ... c.138, § 16. We spend $100 billion on nuclear power now
Walsh 08 (Bryan, staff writer, “Is Nuclear Power Viable?” Time) http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1812540,00.html More nuclear subsidies, which many ... near future seems just as unrealistic. Violation: They only increase nuclear power by a small amount Vote neg: - Ground—big cases are key to our DAs
2. Limits—they justify infinite tiny affs
Marx Nuclear power is a smokescreen that hides the root cause of consumption
ICC 11 submitted by International Communist Current Online on August 16, 2011, “Nuclear energy, capitalism and communism” http://en.internationalism.org/wr/347/nuclear Despite talk about energy too cheap ... and a cover for weapons programmes. Capitalism is unsustainable and extinction is inevitable—alt is to reject the aff
Magdoff and Foster, 2010
(Fred and John Belamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, “What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know about Capitalism”, Monthly Review, Volume 61, Issue 10) NG The foregoing analysis, if correct ... ostensibly for, the people.57 elex Obama will win now – change in the status quo will reverse the trend
Peter Prime 10/4 “Latest Presidential Polls: Race is Tightening, But Obama Continues to Lead Where it Counts”, http://www.policymic.com/articles/15808/latest-presidential-polls-race-is-tightening-but-obama-continues-to-lead-where-it-counts The most recent polls from RealClearPoliticsshow ... are needed to win the presidency. New reactors are massively unpopular
Veronique de Rugy, senior research fellow @ the MercatusCenter @ George Mason University, 7-2012, No to Nukes, Reason, p. reason.com/archives/2012/06/25/no-to-nukes, accessed 9-7-2012 Surprising as it may seem, ... bad politics. It’s awful economics. Approval ratings key
Cook, The National Journal Political Analyst, 11 (Charlie, October 27, “Underwater,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/columns/cook-report/the-cook-report-obama-underwater-20111027, d/a 7-20-12, ads) The best barometer of how a ... come down on the same side. Romney kills US-Russia relations --- overwhelms resilience.
The Economist, 9-1-2012, Romney Could Screw Up US Relations with Russia, Business Insider, p. www.businessinsider.com/mitt-romneys-foreign-policy-chops-come-into-light-2012-9, accessed 9-2-2012 Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate ... by malevolent, interfering Western powers. Nuclear war
Cirincione 7 (Joseph Cirincione, Center for American Progress expert in nonproliferation, national security, international security, U.S. military, U.S. foreign policy, July 23rd, 2007, “Nuclear summer, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2007/07/nuclear_summer.html/print.html) Beyond the fact that Putin actually ... scorn any further negotiated nuclear reductions. Qer The Department of Energy should recommend that the Department of Defense increase procurement contracts for small modular nuclear reactors on domestic military bases as part of a technology neutral options framework within the quadrennial energy review scheduled for 2013
QER Solves SMRs—
PCAST 10 Executive Office of the President President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON ACCELERATING THE PACE OF CHANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED FEDERAL ENERGY POLICY http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf Items to include in the DOE ... energy sector to meet national goals. the counterplan gets enacted after the election
Tollefson 11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011, http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html) The US Department of Energy ( ... 2050, from a 2005 baseline. Nnsa NNSA stemming human capital shortages- plan trades off- no link turns
Aloise, 12 -- GAO Nuclear Security, Safety, and Nonproliferation director
(Gene, former GAO Assistant Director for Report and Testimony Quality Control, "Modernizing the Nuclear Security Enterprise: Strategies and Challenges in Sustaining Critical Skills in Federal and Contractor Workforces," Government Accountability Office, GAO-12-468, April 2012, http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/590488.pdf, accessed 9-4-12) The enterprise’s work environments and site ... initiatives, and make appropriate adjustments. Plan trades off- its zero-sum
Lorentzen, 8 -- Human Sciences Research Council chief research specialist
(Jo, PhD from the European University Institute in Italy, worked at universities and research institutes in Europe and in the US for a decade during which he taught courses on international business and economic development, and Il-Haam Petersen "Human Capital Dynamics in Three Technology Platforms: Nuclear, Space and Biotechnology," March 2008, https://www.labour.gov.za/downloads/documents/research-documents/Technology%20Platforms.pdf, accessed 9-6-12) For the new build programme, ... whoever else makes up its consortium. NNSA human capital key to solve disease
D'Agostino, 10 – U.S. Under Secretary for Nuclear Security
(Thomas, former Stockpile Stewardship Program director, "NNSA Administrator Addresses Next Generation of Computational Scientists," 6-22-10, www.nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/speeches/csgfremarks062210, accessed 9-4-12) Since I spoke to this group ... with the rest of the Department. Extinction
Keating, 9 -- Foreign Policy web editor
(Joshua, "The End of the World," Foreign Policy, 11-13-9, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, accessed 9-7-12) How it could happen: Throughout ... new and just as troubling complication. Cp-incremental funding The United States Department of Defense should utilize incremental funding to purchase small modular nuclear reactors on domestic military bases. Full-funding process is normal means – Congress is notified about the plan.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ) The full funding policy is a ... Government Accountability Office, and DOD. Counterplan process independently reduces disruption, investment bias, and boosts flexibility in production economies of scale – only the counterplan solves the aff.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ) A principal effect of the full ... have become¶ unnecessary or inappropriate. Aff displaces items in the DoD budget – the counterplan doesn’t.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL31404.pdf, DZ) Although incremental funding fell out of ... or the international security¶ environment. Nuclear modernization will be the first to be cut – it’s on the chopping block – that destroys deterrence
Trachtenberg, 11 – president and CEO of Shortwaver Consulting, LLC, former principal deputy assistant secretary of defense (international security policy), acting deputy assistant secretary of defense (forces policy), and head of the policy staff of the House Armed Services Committee (David J, 10/1. “Nuclear Fallback.” ,” http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/279610/nuclear-fallback-david-j-trachtenberg#) Political turmoil in the Middle East ... deterrent remains as important as ever. Deterrence solves nuclear and biological attacks on the US
Mark Schneider, July 08. Senior Analyst with the National Institute for Public Policy, Ph.D in history at the University of Southern California and JD from George Washington University, former senior officer in the DoD in positions relating to arms control and nuclear weapons policy. “The Future of the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent,” Comparative Strategy 27.4, Ebsco. Today, theUnited States, the ... been reported in the press.8 Heg adv Data disproves heg impacts
Fettweis, 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO It is perhaps worth noting that ... base their view on faith alone. Russian expansionist predictions are all hype – stability is Russia’s goal, not conquest.
Rivera 3 (David, assistant prof of government @ Hamilton College, Spring, Political Science Quarterly, 118(1), p. 101-102)JM
Nevertheless, the weight of evidence ... again a multinational empire.” 102 No China war—economic interdependence
Perry and Scowcroft, 9 – *Professor at Stanford University, Resident Trustee of the Forum for International Policy (William and Brent, 2009, “US Nuclear Weapons Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations) Economic interdependence provides an incentive to ... promising dialogues on larger strategic issues. No China war—Un-underlined parts of the Fisher card say the impact is “extremely unlikely” No cyberattacks—that’s the internal to their grid arg Gabriel Weimann, United States Insitute of Peace, Author of Terror on the Internet, 12-04. senior fellow at the United States Institute of Peace and professor of communication at the University of Haifa, Israel. “Cyberterrorism: How real is the threat?” http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr119.html It seems fair to say that ... expressed over a relatively minor threat? Arab spring should have triggered ME war impact—it’s written in 2010 and says all it needs is a spark and Syrian militarization Doesn’t solve energy, causes accidents and terror attacks
Baker ’12– Adjunct Junior Fellow @ AmericanSecurity Project, BA in Political Science (Matthew, “Do Small Modular Reactors Present a Serious Option for the Military’s Energy Needs?”, June 22, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/do-small-modular-reactors-present-a-serious-option-for-the-militarys-energy-needs/, ) Unfortunately all the hype surrounding SMRs ... are more costly than its benefits. They only solve 50%--grid disruptions can come abroad too and they only deploy reactors here—that’s their Stockton evidence No solvency—no expertise
Parthemore and Rogers 10 (Christine and Will, Bacevich Fellow – CNAS, “Nuclear Reactors on Military Bases May Be Risky,” Center for a New American Security, 5-20, http://www.cnas.org/node/4502)
The media have reported that Tennessee ... include examination of these important concerns. Blackouts empirically denied—we’ve had a ton of them—they only last a few hours—no nuclear escalation yet—and they have NO TIMEFRAME for the advantage Grid disruption is not permanent – that’s BS- they have no cards SMR’s cant solve heg and DOD won’t deploy them
Wong ’12 (Kelvin Wong, Kelvin Wong is an Associate Research Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University. He is with the Military Studies Programme at the School’s constituent unit, the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, “The Military’s Quest for Nuclear Power”, http://rolandsanjuan.blogspot.com/2012/05/beyond-weapons-militarys-quest-for.html, May 18, 2012, LEQ) Synopsis The military has always maintained ... give military planners cause to pause. DOD taking efforts to shield itself from grid outages now
GAO 9
(Government Accountability Office, “Defense Critical Infrastructure:” http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/297169.html,) DOD Has Taken Steps to Assure ... security measures around electrical power facilities. Bottlenecks prevent construction
Daryan 12. (January 3rd, 2012. http://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/ca/part-10-smallreactors-mass-prod/ “Part 10 – Small modular reactors and mass production option“) RCM So there are a host of ... ) and probably more expensive too. Prolif Adv No nuclear renaissance—economic problems, expansion will be slow, and fukishima prevents – means no prolif impact anytime soon – that’s the un-underlined part of the Bernstein and Gerami card Plan causes massive IAEA overstretch—-only SMRs link—-turns prolif
Dr. Edwin Lyman 11, Senior Scientist, Global Security Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, July 14, 2011, Testimony Before the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, "An Examination of the Safety and Economics of Light Water Small Modular Reactors" http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72251/html/CHRG-112shrg72251.htm, The distributed deployment of small reactors ... difficult, if feasible at all. US won’t exert nonprolif leadership
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The cases above offer a common ... forgo nuclear fuel-making. They can’t solve nuclear leadership—their Sanders ev says export controls prevent leadership—they don’t lift those Nuclear energy cred fails—countries say no to US tech if it constrains them
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, ) The examples above show the limitations ... to have had little tangible influence. Prolif resistant trade doesn’t exist—nuclear coop always increases risk of prolif
Fuhrmann 9
Matthew Fuhrmann, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina, Summer 2009, Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements, http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/files/Spreading-Temptation-Proliferation-and-Peaceful-Nuclear-Cooperation-Agreements.pdf Recent research finds that countries receiving ... proliferation-proof” atomic assistance. No widespread prolif
Hymans 12 Jacques Hymans, USC Associate Professor of IR, 4/16/12, North Korea's Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show Washington's miscalculation is not just a ... Korea has a lot of company. No domino theory—nonproliferation has zero utility
Potter 8 William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Summer 2008, Divining Nuclear Intentions, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v033/33.1.potter.pdf Hymans is keenly aware of the ...
weapons from pursuing them. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
1) The United States federal government is the actor defined by the resolution, not individual debaters US Gov Official Website 2009
http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml
U.S. Federal Government ... U.S. government's branches.
2) “Resolved” expresses intent to implement the plan
Merriam-Webster Dictionary 1996 http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=resolved, downloaded 07/20/03
“6. To change or ... into a committee of the whole.”
3) “Should” denotes an expectation of enacting a plan American Heritage Dictionary 2000
www.dictionary.com
3 Used to express probability or expectation
4) Increase means net increase
Words and Phrases, 08 (v. 20a, p.264-265)
Cal.App.2 Dist ... .Res.Code § 25123.
Predictability outweighs–
a. Game failure
Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1)
The design games offered below owe ... -gamemaster ultimately controls the project.
b. education and innovation
Sarratore 99
(Steven T. is Associate Professor of Theatre and Associate Dean of Fine and Performing Arts at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne “Design Games,” Theatre Topics 9.1)
The development and implementation ofdesign gamesgenerallyrequirethe ... manipulate the pieces outside of the rules
c. stasis
Shively ‘2K(Ruth Lessl, Assistant Prof Political Science – Texas AandM U., Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2)
The requirements given thus far are ... on some basic agreement or harmony.
d. We co-opt their offense –game rules inspire pedagogical transformation
Armstrong 2K
(Paul B., Dean and Professor of Literature at Brown University, New Literary History, 31: 211–223, “The Politics of Play: The Social Implications of Iser’s Aesthetic Theory”)
From the early days of reader ... shapes obtained” (FI xi). |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Hip hop can’t build coalitions in capitalism: capitalism essentializes stereotypes and any space you open up is filled by caricatures. This implicates the effect of music and causes universal complicity in racism.
Hip Hop In Urban America “Ghettocentrismand Capitalism - Tues Group 1 Annotated Playlist” July 5, 2010.http://hiphopinurbanamerica.blogspot.com/2010/07/ghettocentrism-capitalism-tues-group-1.html
David Samuels explains the popularity of ... but is a collection of stereotypical images
Identity politics entrenches capitalism on two fronts—first it is a divide-and-rule strategy used by global capital to prevent labor from overtaking and second it perpetuates localism as a method of knowledge, destroying the political universalism of class, rendering the systems of oppression invisible
Hennessy (Prof @ SUNY Albany) 2K
Rosemary, Profit and Pleasure: Sexual Identities in Late Capitalism, Routledge
Basic to the structure of late ... keep the structures of capitalism invisible.
Environmentalism or animal right hijacks the left, reinforces capitalism and is anthropocentric
Laura Hudson 8. “The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life.” Mediations 23.2 (Spring 2008) 88-117. www.mediationsjournal.org/the-political-animal.
Over the past few decades, ... assuming that they will rectify themselves.
Focusing on race masks the perpetuation of capitalism—only by starting with capital can we overcome racism
Hooks 2K
(Bell, Author. Routledge “Where We Stand: Class Matters.”)
Pg7 Class matters. Race ... . could happen to any working man
The history of slavery proves that race is merely a symptom of capital—any discussion of racism must first start at the violent history of capital accumulation
Tom Keefer, member of Facing Reality, in New Socialist Magazine, January 2003.http://www.newsocialist.org/magazine/39/article03.html
The brutality and viciousness of capitalism ... hope to successfully overthrow them.
The material determinism of capital is responsible for the instrumentalization of all life—makes all oppression inevitable.
Dyer-Witherford (professor of Library and Info. Sciences @ the Univ. of Western Ontarion) ‘99Nick. Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism.
For capitalism, the use of ... has backfired is all too obvious. Reject the aff to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.
one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humynize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression
Tumino(Prof. English @ Pitt) 01
Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critiqu
Any effective political theory will have ... ") that masquerades as social theory. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Case
Whiteness studies are methodologically bankrupt—it fails to analyze the intersection of modes of production and racism. Marx is a better method to deconstruct white supremacy and racism because it interrogates racism and the modes of production which perpetuate inequalities and racism
Cole 9
Mike Cole, Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln, United Kingdom, Power and Education, Volume 1 Number 1 2009
www.wwwords.co.uk/POWER and http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2009.1.1.111, , The Color-Line and the Class Struggle: a Marxist response to critical race theory in education as it arrives in the United Kingdom1
Focus on White supremacy fails four reasons
1) lack of focus on modes of production
2) homogenizes whites
3) ignores other racisms
4) incites divisiveness
Cole 9
Mike Cole, Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln, United Kingdom, Power and Education, Volume 1 Number 1 2009
www.wwwords.co.uk/POWER and http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2009.1.1.111, , The Color-Line and the Class Struggle: a Marxist response to critical race theory in education as it arrives in the United Kingdom1
From a Marxist perspective, ‘ ... . Duffy and Tomlinson, 2009).
Focus on white supremacy is counterproductive, complicit in oppression and cannot articulate goals or solutions—this proves coalitions become impossible
Cole 9
Mike Cole, Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln, United Kingdom, Power and Education, Volume 1 Number 1 2009
www.wwwords.co.uk/POWER and http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2009.1.1.111, , The Color-Line and the Class Struggle: a Marxist response to critical race theory in education as it arrives in the United Kingdom1
While critical race theorists share with ... the inherently exploitative nature of capitalism).
The 1ac attempts to explain the world by relying on an order characterized by White Supremacy
Perea, ’97Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213
turns case—their new pedagogy relies on distorted histories and will produce exclusionary politics
Perea, ’97Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213
One of Kuhn's insights about paradigms ... not seen at all." 122
The alternatives fails and causes a spiral of insecurity that causes the most violent aspects of your impact claims – only taking strategic political action like the plan solves
P. H. Liotta (Professor of Humanities at Salve Regina University, Newport, RI, andExecutive Director of the PellCenter for International Relations and Public Policy) 05 “Through the Looking Glass” Sage Publications
Although it seems attractive to focus ... or fail to address – security.
The 1AC’s simplification of history omits Latinos/as, Asian Americans, Native Americans and other groups
Perea, ’97 Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213
Literature and textbooks play an important ... of the evolution of equality doctrines.
The act of relying on the white as the starting point of discussion excludes other histories and it ignores the racist history that has happened to and between other groups—most importantly this is a form of academic colonialism which excludes the other on a massive scale flipping the affirmative
Perea, ’97 Juan F., Florida Prof of Law., California Law Review, October, 1997, 85 Calif. L. Rev. 1213
In the context of constitutional law ... in the struggle for civil rights.
B. The impact--Turns their paradigm—their new pedagogy draws new lines for which groups deserve political redress or deserve our attention. This flips their aff—and undermines the ability of the affirmative to adequately explain or solve the locus of racism
Their political strategy roots race into domination
Barbara J. Fields, Fall 2001. “Whiteness, Racism and Identity” International Labor and Working-Class History, No. 60, p 48-56.
That is why well-meaning ... between owners and their property.8
CONFRONTING RACE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WHITES DEVALUING NON-WHITE RACES CREATES BINARIES BETWEEN RACES THAT IS THE FOUNDATION FOR RACISM
Arvin Lugay, JD, UC Berkeley, ASIAN LAW JOURNAL, 2005, pp. 221-2
In this case, the inside ... subordination to the white racial norm.
Whiteness studies cannot fully account for privilege or power relations—they misidentify heirarchy
Barbara J. Fields, Fall 2001. “Whiteness, Racism and Identity” International Labor and Working-Class History, No. 60, p 48-56.
In any case, what may ... from the dawn of the republic. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
A. Interpretation: Financial incentives exclude procurement
Czinkota et al, 9 - Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University (Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books)
Incentives offered by policymakers to facilitate ... , and investments in infrastructure facilities.
B. Violation – Plan provides government purchases for nuclear power
C. Vote neg
Limits—the government could buy literally more of or develop any subset of the 6 types of energy—explodes limits
Ground—Procurement allows the aff to spike out of DAs based on commercialization and broader energy production |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Interpretation: Substantially is at least 90%
Words and Phrases, 05 (v. 40B, p. 329)
N.H. 1949. ... c.138, § 16.
We spend $100 billion on nuclear power now
Walsh 08 (Bryan, staff writer, “Is Nuclear Power Viable?” Time)http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1812540,00.html
More nuclear subsidies, which many ... near future seems just as unrealistic.
Violation: They only increase nuclear power by a small amount
Vote neg: - Ground—big cases are key to our DAs
2. Limits—they justify infinite tiny affs
|
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Qer
The Department of Energy should recommend Department of Defense issue licensing contracts for the procurement of small modular reactors on its military bases as part of a technology neutral options framework within the quadrennial energy review scheduled for 2013 QER Solves SMRs—
PCAST 10 Executive Office of the President President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON ACCELERATING THE PACE OF CHANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED FEDERAL ENERGY POLICY http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf
Items to include in the DOE ... energy sector to meet national goals.
the counterplan gets enacted after the election
Tollefson 11 (Jeff Tollefson, DOE releases first Quadrennial Technology Review, September 27, 2011,http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/doe_releases_first_quadrennial_1.html)
The US Department of Energy ( ... 2050, from a 2005 baseline. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
nnsa
NNSA stemming human capital shortages- plan trades off- no link turns
Aloise, 12 -- GAO Nuclear Security, Safety, and Nonproliferation director
(Gene, former GAO Assistant Director for Report and Testimony Quality Control, "Modernizing the Nuclear Security Enterprise: Strategies and Challenges in Sustaining Critical Skills in Federal and Contractor Workforces," Government Accountability Office, GAO-12-468, April 2012, http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/590488.pdf, accessed 9-4-12)
The enterprise’s work environments and site ... initiatives, and make appropriate adjustments.
Plan trades off- its zero-sum
Lorentzen, 8 -- Human Sciences Research Council chief research specialist
(Jo, PhD from the European University Institute in Italy, worked at universities and research institutes in Europe and in the US for a decade during which he taught courses on international business and economic development, and Il-Haam Petersen "Human Capital Dynamics in Three Technology Platforms: Nuclear, Space and Biotechnology," March 2008,https://www.labour.gov.za/downloads/documents/research-documents/Technology%20Platforms.pdf, accessed 9-6-12)
For the new build programme, ... whoever else makes up its consortium.
NNSA human capital key to solve disease
D'Agostino, 10 – U.S. Under Secretary for Nuclear Security
(Thomas, former Stockpile Stewardship Program director, "NNSA Administrator Addresses Next Generation of Computational Scientists," 6-22-10, www.nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/speeches/csgfremarks062210, accessed 9-4-12)
Since I spoke to this group ... with the rest of the Department.
Extinction
Keating, 9 -- Foreign Policy web editor
(Joshua, "The End of the World," Foreign Policy, 11-13-9, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, accessed 9-7-12)
How it could happen: Throughout ... new and just as troubling complication. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Incremental funding CP The United States Department of Defense should utilize incremental funding to purchase small modular reactors for use on military bases within the United States. Full-funding process is normal means – Congress is notified about the plan.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15,http:~/~/www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/pdf(% style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %), DZ) The full funding policy is a ... Government Accountability Office, and DOD. Counterplan process independently reduces disruption, investment bias, and boosts flexibility in production economies of scale – only the counterplan solves the aff.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15,http:~/~/www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/pdf(% style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %), DZ) A principal effect of the full ... have become¶ unnecessary or inappropriate. Aff displaces items in the DoD budget – the counterplan doesn’t.
O’Rourke and Daggett ‘7
(Ronald Specialist in National Defense, Stephen Specialist in National Defense, “Defense Procurement: Full Funding Policy —¶ Background, Issues, and Options for Congress”, CRS Report to Congress, June 15,http:~/~/www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/pdf(% style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %), DZ) Although incremental funding fell out of ... or the international security¶ environment. Nuclear modernization will be the first to be cut – it’s on the chopping block – that destroys deterrence
Trachtenberg, 11 – president and CEO of Shortwaver Consulting, LLC, former principal deputy assistant secretary of defense (international security policy), acting deputy assistant secretary of defense (forces policy), and head of the policy staff of the House Armed Services Committee (David J, 10/1. “Nuclear Fallback.” ,”http:~/~/www.nationalreview.com/articles/279610/nuclear-fallback-david-j-trachtenberg#)http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/279610/nuclear-fallback-david-j-trachtenberg#) Political turmoil in the Middle East ... deterrent remains as important as ever. Deterrence solves nuclear and biological attacks on the US
Mark Schneider, July 08. Senior Analyst with the National Institute for Public Policy, Ph.D in history at the University of Southern California and JD from George Washington University, former senior officer in the DoD in positions relating to arms control and nuclear weapons policy. “The Future of the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent,” Comparative Strategy 27.4, Ebsco. Today, theUnited States, the ... been reported in the press.8 |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: T Interpretation: Substantially is at least 90%
Words and Phrases, 05 (v. 40B, p. 329) N.H. 1949. ... c.138, § 16. We spend $100 billion on nuclear power now
Walsh 08 (Bryan, staff writer, “Is Nuclear Power Viable?” Time)http:~/~/www.time.com/time/health/article/0url:http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0(% style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %),8599,1812540,00.html More nuclear subsidies, ... which ... near future seems just as unrealistic. Violation: They only increase nuclear power by a small amount Vote neg: 1. Ground—big cases are key to our DAs
2. Limits—they justify infinite tiny affs |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
States
50 states and relevant territories should substantially increase loan guarantees for integral fast reactors using the S-PRISM design and coordinate to create uniform implementation.
States solve
Ben-Moshe et al 9 FINANCING THE NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE: THE BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF FEDERAL and STATE GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES AND THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN CALIFORNIA Energy Law Journal Vol 30 No. 2 2009 Sony Ben-Moshe, Jason J. Crowell, Kelley M. Gale,* Breton A. Peace, Brett P. Rosenblatt, and Kelly D. Thomason * Kelley Michael Gale is the Finance Department Chair of Latham and Watkins‘ San Diego office and serves as global Co-Chair for the firm‘s Climate Change and Cleantech Practice Groups. He has thirty years of experience representing private and public sector clients in the development, regulation, and financing of alternative energy projects and capital intensive infrastructure projects. The co-authors are attorneys in the Project Finance Practice Group in the San Diego office of Latham and Watkins LLP. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of Latham and Watkins LLP or its clients.
States that wish to promote nuclear ... jump on nuclear power development.92 |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Cap k Nuclear power is a smokescreen to make fossil fuel consumption look good—also causes proliferation
ICC 11 submitted by International Communist Current Online on August 16, 2011, “Nuclear energy, capitalism and communism” http:~/~/en.internationalism.org/wr/347/org/wr/347/nuclear(% style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#636B75;mso-fareast-language:ZH-TW" %) Despite talk about energy too cheap ... and a cover for weapons programmes. inherent contradictions prove capitalism is unsustainable and extinction is inevitable--Movements solve now, but the plan derails them
The alternative is to reject the aff Magdoff and Foster, 2010
(Fred and John Belamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, “What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know about Capitalism”, Monthly Review, Volume 61, Issue 10) NG The foregoing analysis, if correct ... ostensibly for, the people.57 |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Marx Heidegger displaces material universals with subjective individualism—this evaporates class binaries which makes revolution impossible
Defazio 12 Machine-Thinking and the Romance of Posthumanism Kimberly DeFazio, Red Critique,http:~/~/redcritique.org/WinterSpring2012/htm||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; " A broader point that needs to ... through the relay of the animal. They preclude a dynamic view of history and cause powerlessness
Stahl 75 The Jargon of Authenticity: An Introduction to a Marxist Critique of Heidegger Gerry Stahl Associate Professor College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University boundary 2 Vol. 3, No. 2 (Winter, 1975), pp. 489-498 Published by: Duke University Press Article Stable URL: http:~/~/www.jstor.org/stable/302135url:http://www.jstor.org/stable/302135||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; " Adorno's philosophical interpretations proceed according to ... could possibly exert some joint control. Alt solves the case, the aff doesn’t—marxist humanism solves instrumentalization of nature and avoids the humanism bad turns—how humans relate to humans determines how humans relate to nature, not vice versa
Defazio 12 Machine-Thinking and the Romance of Posthumanism Kimberly DeFazio, Red Critique,http:~/~/redcritique.org/WinterSpring2012/htm||style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; color: rgb(0, 137, 220); text-decoration: none; " Consequently, one of the important ... "fundamental") relations to animals. The material determinism of capital makes extinction inevitable—root cause of instrumentality
Dyer-Witherford (professor of Library and Info. Sciences @ the Univ. of Western Ontarion) ‘99 Nick. Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism. For capitalism, the use of ... has backfired is all too obvious. Reject the aff to validate and adopt the method of historical materialism that is the 1NC. Class methodology first--one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humanize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression Tumino (Prof. English @ Pitt) 01
Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critiqu Any effective political theory will have ... ") that masquerades as social theory. |
| 11/09/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Windmills take up a lot of land
Michael No Date (John, ehow contributor, “Bad Aspects of Windmills” Ehow) http://www.ehow.com/list_6026136_bad-aspects-windmills.html
Windmills are a very clean electricity ... in the rotating blades and killed.
That trades off with agriculture
PIMENTEL IN ‘02
(David, professor in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, “Renewable Energy : Current and Potential Issues." Bioscience. December 2002, 12-22,” wyo-ef)
Wind farms are forced to compete ... of malnourished people in the world.
US agriculture key to global food production
Cupp 4
(O. Shawn Cupp; Assistant Professor, Department of Logistics and Resource Operations, United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2004, Agroterrorism in the US: Key Security Challenges for the 21st Century, http://bcbsma.medscape.com/viewarticle/482308)
Agriculture is one of the easiest ... to protect agriculture from terrorist attack.
The impact is starvation
Brown 5 (Lester Brown, President of the Earth Policy Institute, February 7, 2005, People and the Planet, “Falling water tables 'could hit food supply',” http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2424
Many Americans see terrorism as the ... meal that is the overriding concern."
Interpretation: The affirmative must defend instrumental implementation of the plan |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge:
Fiscal cliff compromise now --- Obama’s political capital key.
Kimberly Atkins, staff writer @ Boston Herald, 11-8-2012, Prez returns to D.C. with more clout, Boston Herald, p. bostonherald.com/news/columnists/view/20221108prez_returns_to_dc_with_more_clout
When President Obama
plenty of fight in them. Plan drains capital and causes an immediate fight
Szondy, ‘12
David, freelance writer -- Gizmag, 2-16, “Feature: Small modular nuclear reactors - the future of energy?” http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/
The problem is that
stance regarding the atom. Failure to compromise causes heg collapse, double-dip recession, and Mid East war.
Hutchison, U.S. Senator, Texas, 9/21/2012
(Kay Bailey, “A Looming Threat to National Security,” States News Service, Lexis)
Despite warnings of the
stall economic growth and punish working families. Econ decline causes nuke war
Harris and Burrows 9 Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report
in a more dog-eat-dog world. Extinction
Thomas P.M. Barnett, chief analyst, Wikistrat, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S. and Globalization, at Crossroads,” WORLD POLITICS REVIEW, 3—7—11, www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads
Events in Libya are a further
century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding. Nuclear War
James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, ‘09 (Spring) “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf
Strategic stability in
risk for the entire world. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge:
The United States federal government should substantially increase loan guarantees for integral fast reactors using the S-PRISM design that are diminishing as the technology improves in price and performance. Temporary, diminishing incentives are vital to inducing competition, technological innovation and ending subsidy dependence
Jenkins, 12
– Director of Energy and Climate Policy at the Breakthrough Institute (Jesse, Congressional Testimony before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 5/22, http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=31b79a1a-83a0-4ae6-8c80-30fe754ad0ea)
Recognizing that investment horizons, technology
clean tech investment to broader private capital markets. Conditioning new incentives on price competition solves the aff better and avoids our disads
Hayward, 10
– resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute (Steven, “Post-Partisan Power: How a Limited and Direct Approach to Energy Innovation Can Deliver Clean, Cheap Energy, Economic Productivity and National Prosperity”, October, http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Post-Partisan%20Power.pdf)
The government has a long history of successfully driving
technologies are commercialized. Expanding beyond sustainability causes the bubble to burst
Tracinski ’12 (Robert, “The Global Warming Bubble”, March 6, http://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2012/03/06/the_global_warming_bubble_99552.html, )
At the end of last year, I wrote (in my own newsletter) about the marginal
economically or politically, and the bubble bursts. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: | Judge:
IFRs too costly and too long term to solve warming – also trades off with short-term renewable tech that solves better
Cochran 9
(Thomas, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council, “Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Hearing; To receive testimony on nuclear energy development; Testimony by Thomas Cochran, Senior Scientist, Nuclear Program, Natural Resources Defense Council” March 18, 2009, Congressional Documents and Publications)
B. Spent Fuel Reprocessing.
alternatives we have available to us today. The numbers don’t add up—nuclear power can’t solve warming
Madsen et al 09 (Travis Madsen and Tony Dutzik, analysts for Frontier Group, Bernadette Del Chiaro and Rob Sargent Environment America Research and Policy Center, November 2009, “GENERATING FAILURE How Building Nuclear Power Plants Would Set America Back in the Race Against Global Warming” Frontier Group, Environment America) http://www.frontiergroup.org/sites/default/files/reports/Generating-Failure~-~--Environment-America~-~--Web.pdf
Even Without Delays, the Nuclear
catastrophic global warming. IFRs don’t solve warming
Mark Diesendorf, dep. Dir. Inst. For Env. Studies @ New South Wales, 4-17-2010, “Nuclear power: no solution to climate change,” Green Left, http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/43636
The integral fast reactor which
to the climate crisis. Can’t solve for transportation emissions
Squassoni 12 (Susan, Director and Senior Fellow of the Proliferation Prevention Program at CSIS, (FAS and WASHINGTON and LEE UNIVERSITY The Future of Nuclear Power in the United States, Edited by Charles D. Ferguson and Frank A. Settle, February, http://www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf)
In response to mitigating
will be somewhat limited. Nuclear power contributes to warming
Grossman 08 - Karl Grossman, Professor, Journalism, SUNY-Old Westbury, “Money Is the Real Green Power: The Hoax of Eco-Friendly Nuclear Energy,” EXTRA!, January/February 2008, npg.
What is left unmentioned
op-ed columnists and editors." Emissions increases elsewhere offset US gains
Scheffran 11 (Jürgen, head of the research group climate change and security at the KlimaCampus of Hamburg University in Germany, “Nuclear energy and climate change: limits and risks”) http://www.nirs.org/international/reachingcriticalwillreport.pdf
3. Due to the expected
the next five decades. Don’t solve warming – tipping point inevitable, timeframe and insufficient amount of reductions block
Smith, 11 Gar, environmental journalist, He is the former editor of Earth Island Journal, and currently edits Earth Island Institute's weekly "eco-zine" The-Edge. NUCLEAR ROULETTE: THE CASE AGAINST A NUCLEAR RENAISSANCEhttp://ifg.org/pdf/Nuclear_Roulette_book.pdf
More than 200 new
to be decommissioned. No extinction from warming
NIPCC 11. Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change. Surviving the unprecedented climate change of the IPCC. 8 March 2011. http://www.nipccreport.org/articles/2011/mar/8mar2011a5.html
In a paper published in
fluctuations in climate." |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mich HL | Judge:
No nuke power coming now
Mez September 2012—Lutz Mez Department of Political and Social Sciences, Freie Universitat Berlin “Nuclear energy–Any solution for sustainability and climate protection” Energy Policy 48 (2012) 56–63
Has the global renaissance of
zenith of 444 was attained. US won’t use nonprolif leadership
Cleary 8/13/12 – American Enterprise Institute Research Assistant (Richard Cleary, 8/13/12, Richard Cleary: Persuading Countries to Forgo Nuclear Fuel-Making, npolicy.org/article.php?aid=1192andtid=30, )
The cases above offer a common
nuclear fuel-making. Prolif will be slow
Hymans 12 Jacques Hymans, USC Associate Professor of IR, 4/16/12, North Korea's Lessons for (Not) Building an Atomic Bomb, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137408/jacques-e-c-hymans/north-koreas-lessons-for-not-building-an-atomic-bomb?page=show
Washington's miscalculation
North Korea has a lot of company. No domino effect
Potter 8 William C. Potter is Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar Professor of Nonproliferation Studies and Director of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Summer 2008, Divining Nuclear Intentions, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v033/33.1.potter.pdf
Hymans is keenly aware of the
from pursuing them. won’t cause war
Mueller ’12 – professor of political science at Ohio State University (John, “Iran: false nuclear fears cloud the west's judgment”, Feb 16, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/feb/16/iran-false-nuclear-fears, ) Alarmismabout nuclear
to consider military action". Alt cause--disarm
Wellen 12 (Russ, staff writer, 6/19/12, “West's Idea of Nuclear Disarmament Doesn't Include Itself” Truthout) http://truth-out.org/news/item/9758-wests-idea-of-nuclear-disarmament-doesnt-include-itself
The West insists on
for continued nuclear-weapons funding US can’t resolve motivations for prolif—turkey proves
Lavoy 06 (Dr. Peter R. Lavoy, former Director of the Center for Contemporary Conflict and Senior Lecturer in the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. 2006, “Nuclear Proliferation Over The Next Decade”) http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/vol13/133/133lavoy.pdf
Of course, there are many
nuclear weapons capability. IFRs cause proliferation—they produce weapons grade plutonium and and won’t be used to cut down on fissile materials
Green 09 (Jim, national anti-nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia and Australian coordinator of the Beyond Nuclear Initiative, July 2009, “Nuclear Weapons and 'Fourth Generation' Reactors” Chain Reaction Magazine) http://www.foe.org.au/anti-nuclear/issues/nfc/power-weapons/g4nw
In theory, there's lots to
been rejected by countries that would be excluded. Competitiveness is high
Nye, December 10 – University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard (Joseph, Foreign Affairs, “The Future of American Power: Dominance and Decline in Perspective,” November/December, proquest)
In the 1980s, many observers
2.25 percent in the next decade. Data disproves leadership impacts
Fettweis, 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO
It is perhaps worth noting that
their view on faith alone. |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge: Agency discussions are essential to education about energy policy Valentine 10 Scott Victor Valentine - Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, “Canada’s constitutional separation of (wind) power” Energy Policy, Volume 38, Issue 4, April 2010, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509009227 Despite the proliferation of studies on policy instruments in the renewable energy policy field, AND that federal structure has on renewable energy policy instrument development is merited.
VI for limits and ground-~--hundreds of relevant actors, from the DoE to DOD, courts, executive all conduct different energy programs and have different restrictions -~--overstretches our research burden and wrecks 1NC strategy. |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge: Energy production is only electricity creation, not extraction Vaekstfonden 6 Vaekstfonden is a Danish government backed investment fund that facilitates the supply of venture capital in terms of start-up equity and high-risk loans "THE ENERGY INDUSTRY IN DENMARK- perspectives on entrepreneurship andventure capital" No Specific Cited, Latest Data From 2006 s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.siliconvalley.um.dk/ContentPages/43667201.pdf In all, 20 industry experts were interviewed about the composition and dynamics of the AND decentralized energy production via solar power systems is part of the consumption stage. VI for limits, ground and grammar-~--they double the size of the topic, make it bidirectional by allowing affs to affect both supply and demand sides of each energy and make it impossible to have wind/solar affs since they are naturally produced raw material-~--wrecks preparedness for all debates |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge: Fossil fuels capitalist, cause extinction through warming and imperialist wars Foster, 2008 (John Belamy, professor of sociology at the University of Oregon, “Peak Oil and Energy Imperialism”, Monthly Review, Volume 60, issue 3) The supreme irony of the peak oil crisis of course is that the world is AND U.S. imperialism. This is the challenge of our time. |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The Federal Judiciary should amend the decision in United States vs California to require coastal state ownership of the Outer Continental Shelf States should substantially reduce access restrictions on federal lands in the Outer Continental Shelf for conventional gas production. Amending US v California solves Salcido 8 Copyright (c) 2008 by the Tulane Law Review Association Tulane Law Review March, 2008 Tulane Law Review 82 Tul. L. Rev. 1355 LENGTH: 43609 words ARTICLE: Offshore Federalism and Ocean Industrialization NAME: Rachael E. Salcido* BIO: * © 2008 Rachael E. Salcido. Associate Professor of Law, University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. B.A. 1996, J.D. 1999, University of California, Davis. Much of the current crisis in U.S. ocean management is explained by AND is the origin of the three-mile border conflict that continues today. CP solves better, avoids environment concerns and reinvigorates federalism Dunlop 8 Offshore Drilling: An Alternative to Funding Terrorism University of Missouri-Kansas City Federalist Society Kansas City, MO October 29, 2008 Becky Norton Dunlop University of Kansas Federalist Society Lawrence, Kansas October 30, 2008 Becky Norton Dunlop http:~/~/www.heritage.org/about/speeches/org/about/speeches/offshore-drilling-an-alternative-to-funding-terrorism Conservatives believe that policy and politics work best at the local level. We believe AND energy sources and infrastructure and increase the invention of new and better technologies. Iraq models US, key to stability Biden, U.S. Senator, and Gelb, President Emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations 2007 (Joseph and Leslie H., October 3, P. A23, “Federalism, Not Partition”, Washington Post We want to set the record straight. If the United States can't put this AND federalism amounts to or will lead to partition, that's what they will believe |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Text: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce access restrictions on federal lands in the Arctic, Pacific and Atlantic Outer Continental Shelves for conventional gas production. Normal means for federal lands includes the Florida coast Nisan 12 (Max, staff writer, 8/9/12, “CBO: Opening All Federal Lands To Drilling Won't Do Much For The Deficit”) http://www.businessinsider.com/united-states-drilling-2012-8 Opening all Federal lands to oil and gas leasing has long been a point of AND areas in which oil and gas leasing is either restricted or temporarily prohibited. Offshore drilling in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico disrupts testing of new weapons critical to maintain air power superiority Jackson 09 (Scott, operates MindLace Media and Photo, a freelance writing and photojournalism endeavor specializing in technical, military, telecommunications and economic development topics in Northwest Florida, former Air Force pilot, Bachelors degree in Business Administration (Marketing) and a Masters of Systems Management, “Drill or No Drill: Could Offshore Platforms Affect National Security?” Bay Life Magazine) http://www.baylifemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_contentandtask=viewandid=187andItemid=99 Beyond the wondrous vista of the shimmering and pristine coastal waters of the Gulf of AND hitting the water with the force of a minivan collision at 45 mph. Air power key to military effectiveness and deterring war with China which causes extinction Maj. Gen. Charles J. Dunlap, deputy judge advocate general of the Air Force, 9-2006, “America’s asymmetric advantage,” Armed Forces Journal, http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/2006/09/2009013 So where does that leave us? If we are smart, we will have AND strike war-supporting infrastructure, the powerful impulse of economic self-interest complicates the ability of despots to pursue malicious agendas. American air power can rapidly AND ), the very existence of the U.S. is at risk. |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Status quo solves Usa Today 12 (5-15U.S. energy independence is no longer just a pipe dream By Tim Mullaney, USA TODAY By Suzy Parker, USA TODAY http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/story/2012-05-15/1A-COV-ENERGY-INDEPENDENCE/54977254/1 Much of Wall Street and Washington is seized by the hope that the U. AND with horizontal drilling, which yielded much more than simply drilling straight down. Status quo solves—will overtake Russia and Saudi Arabia within a decade Morse et al 12 (Ed, Managing Director and the Head of Global Commodities Research at Citigroup Global Markets, former Princeton professor, Eric Lee is a research analyst with Citi's Commodities Strategy group, Dr. Daniel Ahn, Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University, Aakash Doshi, master's degree in international economics from Columbia University, Seth Kleinman, Glencore oil research analyst, Dr. Anthony Yuen, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania, 3/20/12, “Energy 2020: North America, the New Middle East?” Citi GPS) http://fa.smithbarney.com/public/projectfiles/ce1d2d99-c133-4343-8ad0-43aa1da63cc2.pdf It has been higher prices in the last decade that, like higher prices in AND almost certain to overtake Russia and Saudi Arabia before the decade is over. Data disproves heg impacts Fettweis, 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship AND global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone. No transition wars Parent 11—assistant for of pol sci, U Miami. PhD in pol sci, Columbia—and—Paul MacDonald—assistant prof of pol sci, Williams (Joseph, Graceful Decline?;The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment, Intl. Security, Spring 1, p. 7) Some observers might dispute our conclusions, arguing that hegemonic transitions are moreconflict prone than AND its ability to sustain its economic performance or engage in foreign policyadventurism. 94 |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: No LNG Exports—exchange rates, markets self correct Kenneth B. Medlock 12 (August 10, Ph.D., is the AND the 21st century. U.S. LNG EXPORTS: TRUTH AND CONSEQUENCE However, it is important to recognize that the prospect of LNG exports from the AND that the U.S. exports as a matter of commercial rationing. Best case scenario will take 7 years and massive cost overruns Richard Zeits 12 is an Energy industry consultant and investment analyst. His background includes fourteen years as investment banker, portfolio manager and senior investment analyst with bulge bracket firms in New York. Zeits Energy Analytics provide custom industry research, market intelligence, investment analyses and transaction advisory services to investment professionals and industry practitioners. The LNG Export Project Can Be a Strong Positive for Exxon from a Value Perspective, Although Long-Term Market Risks Exist Exxon Mobil Throws Its Weight Behind U.S. LNG Exports August 22, 2012 http://seekingalpha.com/article/821351-exxon-mobil-throws-its-weight-behind-u-s-lng-exports The proposed project certainly falls within Exxon's core operating competencies. Exxon has in its AND can be avoided. None of these conditions can be taken for granted. PROTECTIONISM ONE, it’s resilient Rodrik ‘9 Dani Rodrik, Rafiq Hariri Professor of International Political Economy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. “The Myth of Rising Protectionism”. 2009. http://relooney.fatcow.com/0_New_5973.pdf The reality is that the international trade regime has passed its greatest test since the AND little to suggest that policymakers are yet ready to confront this genuine threat. TWO, trade doesn’t stop war Parlow and Chakrabati 9 Does trade promote peace? A new window in Economics Anton Parlow and Prof. Avik Chakrabati University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Department of Economics November 24, 2009 https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/aparlow/www/papers/conflict_2.pdf The regression results for the unrestricted bivariate VAR-model including one lag are presented AND tractable and needs some structure to make useful interpretations of the parameter estimates. THREE, alt cause – anti-dumping laws Ikenson 10/6/05 CATO Free Trade Institute since 1990, Co-founded the Library of International Trade Resources (Daniel, Co-author of Antidumping Exposed: The Devilish Details of Unfair Trade Law, “Abuse of Discretion: Time to Fix the Administration of the US Antidumping Law,” Trade Policy Analysis No. 31, http://www.freetrade.org/node/30, EA) Administration of the U.S. antidumping law has been a significant source of AND from the results orientation and politicization to which they are currently so prone. Alliance is resilient Okamoto 02 (Yukio, Security Adviser to Japanese Cabinet, Washington Quarterly25.2 p. 59-72) Given the magnitude of the danger that an end of the alliance would pose to AND states is well-nigh unbreakable--because there are no acceptable alternatives. US-Japan relations don’t solve anything Clifton W. Sherrill (Florida State University) July/September 2001 "The Need for a Japanese Nuclear Deterrent" COMPARATIVE STRATEGY Vol 20 Issue 3 EBSCOhost Even with this trend toward a greater security role, Japan has never indicated a AND deterrent force under the guidance and shaping in fluence of the United States. US-Japan relations kill Sino-Japan relations Banning Garrett and Bonnie Glaser, Banning N. Garrett and Bonnie S. Glaser are Washington-based consultants who have written extensively on the U.S.-Soviet-Chinese strategic triangle, Chinese strategic perceptions, and Asian security, April 1997, “Chinese Apprehensions about Revitalization of the U.S.-Japan Alliance”, Published by the University if California Press, Vol. 37, No.4, pg. 383~402, JSTOR The interaction between China and Japan as well as their relations with the United States AND Cold War era and in Japan's uneasiness about improvements in Sino- American relation Failure of China-Japan relations turns their impact and causes war Anton La Guardia, The Telegraph, “The clouds of nuclear war are still hanging over Hiroshima,” March 8 2005, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2005/08/03/do0301.xml AG In Asia, however, wartime resentments of Japan are still acute. Several anti AND have started to talk of the ultimate taboo: developing a nuclear deterrent. Relations prevent Japan independence and military leadership Bandow, 2010, senior fellow at the Cato Institute Doug, May 12, “Japan Can Defend Itself,” available at http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=11804, accessed on 7/14/2010 World War II ended 65 years ago. The Cold War disappeared 21 years ago AND Washington's willingness to continue defending an increasingly wealthy Japan made a rethink unnecessary. That solves their impact Preble, 2006, director of foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute Christopher, April 18, “Rethinking the U.S.-Japan Strategic Relationship”, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6335, accessed 7/14/10 The Japanese public appears to be generally sympathetic to the Taiwanese cause, suggesting that AND States that is struggling to sustain a host of commitments around the globe. Interdependence checks Eskildsen 09 (Robert, Assistant Professor of Japanese History – Smith College “Whither East Asia? Reflections on Japan’s Colonial Experience in Taiwan”, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 3-22, http://japanfocus.org/-Robert-Eskildsen/2058) The Meiji Restoration gave Japan the flexibility to pursue changes in the diplomatic status quo AND this geopolitical backdrop, three contemporary strategic conflicts stand out as particularly troublesome. No Asian war or instability Bitzinger 9 (Richard A. Bitzinger, Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Barry Desker, Dean of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies and Director of the Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2009. Survival vol. 50 no. 6, “Why East Asian War is Unlikely,” p. Proquest) Yet despite all these potential crucibles of conflict, the Asia-Pacific, if AND this suggests that war in Asia – while not inconceivable – is unlikely. China – Alt cause: a.) Wall street Bloomberg 10/3/08 “China Could Be Dragged Down by Wall Street Crash: William Pesek” accessed online day of at page: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601039andrefer=columnist_pesekandsid=aglZNvpnT6KU Few questions confound economists more: What might tip China into the meltdown that so AND . may be the catalyst that devastates the world's fourth-biggest economy. b.) opposition, and faulty food. Stephanie Ho, “Pride, Patriotism Mark China's National Day” Voice of America News. 10/1 http://voanews.com/english/2008-10-01-voa9.cfm At the same time, China is embroiled in a widening scandal over tainted milk AND , in a way that does not destabilize the system," he said. No CCP collapse—the government represses instability Pei 9 (Minxin, Senior Associate in the China Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 3/12. “Will the Chinese Communist Party Survive the Crisis?” Foreign Affairs. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64862/minxin-pei/will-the-chinese-communist-party-survive-the-crisis) It might seem reasonable to expect that challenges from the disaffected urban middle class, AND and-true practices to ward off any organized movement against the regime. No China-Russia war Spears, chief foreign policy writer – Brooks Foreign Policy Review, 5/1/’9 (Collin, http:~/~/brooksreview.wordpress.com/2009/05/01/leery-bear-rising-dragon-life-along-the-sino-russian-border/http://brooksreview.wordpress.com/2009/05/01/leery-bear-rising-dragon-life-along-the-sino-russian-border/(%%)) Although China is facing water shortages and will need inordinate amounts of resources to keep AND for the region, as China has proved to be a rational actor. Empirics prove it won’t escalate Chicago Tribune, 10/15/04 China and Russia settled the last of their decades-old border disputes Thursday during AND islands along China's northeastern border with Russia's Far East had remained in dispute. Fear of escalation is a trump card Moritary, 2004 Tom Moriarty, military intelligence analyst for the U.S. Air Force. 9/22/04, World Affairs However, the Soviet Union ultimately chose to forgo a preemptive attack and attempted to AND ignore the Chinese provocations and let the confrontation defuse naturally. (12) US gas exports crush Russian econ and influence Walter Russell Mead, April 25, 2012 (Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), and Editor-at-Large of The American Interest magazine), , The American Interest, North American Shale Gas Gives Russia Serious Headache,http:~/~/blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/ North America’s shale gas boom is chipping away at the market for gas producers like AND market would be a major check on Russian economic growth and political influence. Russian econ collapse causes extinction Filger 9 (Sheldon, Columnist and Founder – Global EconomicCrisis.com, “Russian Economy Faces Disasterous Free Fall Contraction”, http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html||target="_blank") In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree AND the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence. |
| 01/04/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The aff’s ontological commitment to security causes serial policy failure Burke 2007 (Anthony Burke, Int'l Studies @ U of New South Wales, “Ontologies of War,” in Theory and Event, Vol. 10, Iss. 2) This tells us much about the enduring power of crude instrumental versions of strategic
AND
and violence as necessary policy responses, however ineffective, dysfunctional or chaotic. root cause of conflict--Insecurity is inevitable Burke 2007 (Anthony Burke, Int'l Studies @ U of New South Wales, “Ontologies of War,” in Theory and Event, Vol. 10, Iss. 2) And what would be mankind's 'bread', the rewards of its new 'empire over
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human lives are reduced to tools, obstacles, useful or obstinate matter. Reject the aff as an instance of the violent logic of security Burke, School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland 2002 Anthony, Aporias of Security, Alternatives 27 It is perhaps easy to become despondent, but as countless struggles for freedom,
AND
is a world after security, and what its shimmering possibilities might be. |
| 01/04/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Immigration reform will pass now --- top priority and other issues don’t thump.
Huffington Post, 1-2-2013, p. www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/02/obama-immigration-reform_n_2398507.html Despite a bruising fiscal cliff battle that managed to set the stage for an even
AND
in both parties working together and singing 'Kumbaya,'" Sharry said. Plan causes a backlash and drain capital--changed political environment
Alex Trembath, policy fellow, New Energy Leader's Project, AEL, "Nuclear Power and the Future of Post-Partisan Energy Policy," LEAD ENERGY, 2--4--11, http://leadenergy.org/2011/02/the-nuclear-option-in-a-post-partisan-approach-on-energy/ Nuclear power is unique among clean energy technologies in that Democrats tend to be more
AND
, but the road for forging bipartisan legislation is not an impassable one. Political capital is key.
Dallas Morning News, 1-2-2013, p. www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece The president’s words to NBC’s David Gregory are only that — words. What will
AND
done.” President Barack Obama, in an interview on Meet the Press Sunday Immigration reform key to solving the nurse shortage.
Hanlon Law Group, 2012, Nursing Shortage Should Be Top Priority in Health Care and Immigration Reform p. www.visaandgreencard.com/CM/Articles/Nursing-Shortage.asp As policymakers, special interest groups, health care professionals and others discuss the need
AND
as important means through which to reform the broken US health care system. Nursing shortage impedes efforts to prepare for bioterror attacks.
Oncology Times, 7-10-2007, Reps. Capps, LaTourette Call for Increased Funding of Nurse Education Programs, Volume 29, Issue 13, p. http://journals.lww.com/oncology-times/Fulltext/2007/07100/Eye_on_Washington.4.aspx Nurses also are the cornerstone of bioterrorism and pandemic flu preparedness and response, the
AND
released reports citing the nursing shortage as a major impediment to preparedness efforts. Bioweapon use spreads globally and causes extinction – outweighs nuclear weapons
John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, “Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses,” n109 p85(12), infotrac Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential weapons
AND
for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Focus on the “queer” or the “trans” destabilizes class by redefining the political as emerging from the symbolic—the affs “openness” endorses endless exploitative power relations Hennessy 00, Professor of English at Rice University
(Rosemary, Profit and Pleasure, Pg. 4-5, GoogleBooks) AJM Drawing on the ideas of Laclau and Mouffe, Butler, too, argues that
AND
does a radical queer politics have to confront the limits of this endeavor? Identity politics entrenches capitalism on two fronts—first it is a divide-and-rule strategy used by global capital to prevent labor from overtaking and second it perpetuates localism as a method of knowledge, destroying the political universalism of class, rendering the systems of oppression invisible Hennessy (Prof @ SUNY Albany) 2K
Rosemary, Profit and Pleasure: Sexual Identities in Late Capitalism, Routledge Basic to the structure of late capitalism is a new global division of labor.
AND
they tend to promote political projects that keep the structures of capitalism invisible. gender binaries and homophobia are historical productions of the emergence of a classed society founded on the logic of surplus accumulation. the aff obfuscates that relation and renders coalitions impossible. Cloud (Prof. Comm at UT) 03
Dana, “Marxism and Oppression”, Talk for Regional Socialist Conference, April 19, 2003, p. online In order to challenge oppression, it is important to know where it comes from
AND
men against women encourage us to fight each other rather than organizing together.
The material determinism of capital is responsible for the instrumentalization of all life—makes all oppression inevitable. Dyer-Witherford (professor of Library and Info. Sciences @ the Univ. of Western Ontarion) ‘99 Nick. Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism. For capitalism, the use of machines as organs of “will over nature”
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degree to which this project of mastery has backfired is all too obvious. Reject the aff to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC. one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humynize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression Tumino (Prof. English @ Pitt) 01
Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critiqu Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
AND
determinism of corporate theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The State and Territorial Governments in the Department of Energy’s Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research should provide all necessary funding to the Department of Energy for the energy production of Plutonium-238 in the United States through the Office of Nuclear Energy, including DOE projects at the Argonne National Lab, and for the Advanced Photon Source. DOE EPSCoR program empirically funds fusion research at national labs, including STEM students – states can contribute funds
Gary C. April, PhD, Associate Director Alabama DOE EPSCoR, 2005, “Alabama DOE EPSCoR,” http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/05/EPSCoR/pdf/abstracts/powell-abstract.pdf
The Alabama DOE EPSCoR Program is made up of three integrated components including Program Coordination
AND
, Oak Ridge, Los Alamos, and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Key to competitiveness.
CARLOS M. GUTIERREZ Gutierrez was secretary of commerce between 2005 and 2009. Before that, he was chairman and CEO of Kellogg Co. He is now a scholar at the University of Miami's Institute for Cuban and Cuban American Studies and serves on the boards of United Technologies, Occidental Petroleum and GLW Corning. “Immigration Truly 'Above Politics' Will Give U.S. Century-Long Edge” Investors’ Business Daily 7/7/2010. http://www.investors.com/NewsAndAnalysis/Article.aspx?id=539582andobref=outbrain Reforming our legal immigration system means dealing with two key issues: (1)
AND
, it will give us a competitive advantage that will last a century. Competitiveness key hegemony Richard Armitage, Former Deputy Secretary of State, and Joseph Nye, Professor of Political Science at Harvard. 12-12-07. “Why So Angry, America?” http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/IL12Df01.html The world is dissatisfied with American leadership. Shocked and frightened after September 11,
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barrage of artillery across the Fulda Gap precisely because of this integrated approach. Extinction.
Thomas P.M. Barnett, chief analyst, Wikistrat, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S. and Globalization, at Crossroads,” WORLD POLITICS REVIEW, 3—7—11, www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we stand at a crossroads
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the 20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Space exploration destroys the environment, spreads disease, and leads to space militarization
Gagnon 99 (Bruce K, Coordinator of the Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space, “Space Exploration and Exploitation,” page online, http://www.space4peace.org/articles/scandm.htm)
We are now poised to take the bad seed of greed, environmental exploitation and
AND
of consensus around international space law will create new global conflicts and confrontations. Environmental destruction causes extinction
Tonn 7 (Bruce, Professor of Urban Planning at Tennessee, Futures v. 39, no. 9, “Futures Sustainability”, pg. Lexis) The first principle is the most important because earth-life is needed to support
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earth-life into the distant future the earth's biodiversity must be protected. Disease causes extinction
South China Morning Post 96 (“Leading the way to a cure for AIDS”, Lexis) Despite the importance of the discovery of the "facilitating" cell, it is
AND
large scale and imperil the survival of the human race," he said. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The term "manned" excludes women from space policy, causing perverse policy failure and weak science Niebur 2-24 (Susan, former Discover Program Scientist, PhD; Women In Planetary Science ;2011 http://womeninplanetaryscience.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/gender-neutral-language-matters/ JM)
I was disappointed to see the phrasing of tonight’s press release, “NASA Releases
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releases. It matters, and it has long-reaching impact. Sexism is the cause of all proliferation, environmental destruction, domestic violence, and war Warren and Cady 94 (Karen J, Duane L, feminists andauthors, Hypatia, “Feminism and Peace: Seeing connections,” pg 16-17, JL)
Much of the current "unmanageability" of contemporary life in patriarchal societies,
AND
-nature-peace connections in regional, national, and global contexts.
The alternative is to interrogate and reject the gendered discourse of the 1AC. Failure to look to language dooms all other feminist projects. Cameron 98 (Deborah, , Professor of Language and Communication at Worcester College, University of Oxford , Signs Volume 23: 4, Summer , http://people.pwf.cam.ac.uk/bv230/lang-var/cameron%201998%20gender%20language%20and%20discourse.pdf, JM)
The "turn to language" in the humanities and social sciences has affected many
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Lithuanian, Japanese, and written Chinese.) A valuable feature is the author's
assessment of the technical as well as the political problems involved in reform; she remarks for instance on failures to assess the linguistic viability of specific reforms within particular language sys¬tems. (A simple example is that many people avoid saving Ms.
because Ms. is not a permissible freestanding consonant duster in English. While
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par¬ticular with the construction and reproduction of gendered (and sexist) meanings. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
A. Interpretation: Financial incentives must be directly for the purpose of generating energy
O’Brien, Minister of State, Department for Energy and Climate Change, UK Parliament, 11/18/’8
(Mike, “Clause 20 — Terms and conditions,” http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3) I have quite a lot still to say, so I shall try to give
AND
. What is proposed will be a real feed-in tariff scheme. B. Violation: RandD is an indirect inventive—it’s not energy production
EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ‘92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf) Research and development. The budgetary cost of Government-funded research and development (
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energy prices and costs, and so could be considered an indirect subsidy. C. Vote Neg—tons of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy tech in ways that could increase production—only direct financial disbursements for increased production create a predictable and manageable topic
EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ‘92
(“Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets,” ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf) In some sense, most Federal policies have the potential to affect energy markets.
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through financial incentives, regulation, public enterprise, or research and development. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Topic specific education—understanding agencies is key to effective policy analysis and agency education in the context of energy policy PCAST 10 Executive Office of the President President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON ACCELERATING THE PACE OF CHANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED FEDERAL ENERGY POLICY http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf This very limited history serves to illustrate a key point: “energy policy”
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energy system, Federal policy must align with the needs of these stakeholders. |
| 01/05/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The President of the United States should issue a signing statement directing the United States federal government to exclude crude oil and natural gas production from Exon-Florio reviews. Signing statements allow the president to nullify legislation—use significantly expands the power of the office
Phillip J. Cooper, “George W. Buh, Edgar Allen Poe, and the Use and Abuse of Presidential Signing Statements,” PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY v. 35 n. 3, 9—05, pp. 515-532. The Bush administration has very effectively expanded the scope and character of the signing statement
AND
of statutory provisions even as he signed the legislation that contained them into law Avoids politics
Laurie L. Rice, Assistant Professor, Political Science, Southern Illinois University, “Statements of Power: Presidential Use of Statements of Administration Policy and Signing Statements in the Legislative Process,” PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY v. 40 n. 4, 12—10, pp. 686-707. Statements of Administration Policy that raise constitutional concerns, particularly those involving perceived interference with
AND
still change failure to victory on their own in spite of Congress' recalcitrance. . Strong presidency key to solving terror, nuclear war, and economy Thomas E. Cronin and Michael A. Genovese, THE PARADOXES OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY, 1998. A central question during the 1970s was whether, in the wake of a somewhat
AND
a more fluid situation and thereby can usually more quickly adjust and adapt. |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Text: The 50 United States state governments should substantially increase loan guarantees for the expansion of nuclear power in the United States and coordinate to create uniformity The 50 state governments and relevant territories should amend their constitutions to allow deficit spending and create State Reserve Banks. The counterplan solves state budgets Attewell ‘09 (Steven, Graduate Student, B.A. Columbia University, M.A in History from UCSB, “Fifty-State Keynesianism - Part Deux”, 7/31/9, http:~/~/www.economicpopulist.org/content/org/content/fifty-state-keynesianism-part-deux(%%), TGA) Why is it the case that ... application, random lottery, etc.). 50 state collective action on nuclear spurs federal modeling and is key to federalism Rabe 11 August 16, 2011Contested Federalism and American Climate Policy Barry G. Rabe Arthur Thurnau Professor Gerald Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-3091 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=4andved=0CJYEEBYwAwandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2FDelivery.cfm%3Fabstractid%3D1902998andei=7GbuT6PvF8ql8gPg7P2vDQandusg=AFQjCNEIITSPrNZZxG0In8curYVGgat9cw State Positioning. In anticipation of ... intergovernmental system in very different ways. U.S. federalism is modeled and solves global war Calabresi 94 (Steven, Calabresi, Assistant Prof – Northwestern U., 1994, Michigan Law Review, p. 831-2) First, the rules of constitutional ... the importance of what is at stake |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The Department of Energy should recommend The United States Federal Government substantially increase loan guarantees for the expansion of nuclear power in the United States as part of a technology neutral options framework within the quadrennial energy review QER solves and avoids politics and dysfunctional DOE loan guarantee bureaucracy which turns case Sands 10 Inside F.E.R.C. December 6, 2010 Scientists urge tripling of energy RandD, new organizational structure for DOE BYLINE: Derek Sands. Lexis Many of these reforms are already ... the terms of those loan guarantees. |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: electricity prices will remain low EIA 12-5 AEO2013 EARLY RELEASE OVERVIEW Release Date: December 5, 2012 http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/er/early_prices.cfm Following the recent rapid decline of ... .8 cents per kilowatthour in 2040 forced expansion of nuclear spikes electricity prices Cooper 3/19/12 (Mark, Senior Fellow for Economic Analysis, Institute for Energy and the Environment - Vermont Law School, "Nuclear Power," http://iowa.sierraclub.org/Nuclear/nuclearhome.htm) The effort by the Senate Commerce ... than they could and should be. That kills the economy Nicolas Loris (Herbert and Joyce Morgan Fellow at the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies) July 23 12 “The Assault on Coal and American Consumers”, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/the-assault-on-coal-and-american-consumers These higher energy prices will also ... economic growth, and higher unemployment. |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: US gas exports crush Russian econ and influence Walter Russell Mead, April 25, 2012 (Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), and Editor-at-Large of The American Interest magazine), , The American Interest, North American Shale Gas Gives Russia Serious Headache,http:~/~/blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/// North America’s shale gas boom is ... Russian economic growth and political influence. Russian econ collapse causes extinction Filger 9 (Sheldon, Columnist and Founder – Global EconomicCrisis.com, “Russian Economy Faces Disasterous Free Fall Contraction”, http:~/~/www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html||target="_blank") In Russia, historically, economic ... Crisis is its least dangerous consequence. |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: CP Text: The United States federal government should offer to substantially reduce restrictions on energy production of natural gas by approving applications for the exportation of liquefied natural gas to the country referenced in United States Code Title 22, Chapter 44, § 2902 for only liquefied natural gas that is produced by natural gas producers who provide a minimum bond of $60,000 per lease. Counterplan solves the aff, avoids politics and resolves environmental concerns Davis, 12 -- US Berkeley economic policy professor (Lucas, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Wisconsin, National Bureau of Economic Research research fellow, Energy Institute at Haas faculty affiliate, "Modernizing Bonding Requirements for Natural Gas Producers," June 2012, www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/6/13%20bonds%20davis/06_bonds_davis.pdf, accessed 8-17-12, mss) The immense supply of natural gas ... by committing to stronger bonding requirements. Key to avoid environment destruction Argetsinger, 11 -- J.D. Candidate, Certificate in Environmental Law, Pace Law School (Beren, Pace Environmental Law Review, "The Marcellus Shale: Bridge to a Clean Energy Future or Bridge to Nowhere?," 29 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 321, Fall 2011, l/n, accessed 5-24-12, mss) As noted above, the EIA's ... for properly handling this waste. n74 Extinction WWP, 10 (Western Watersheds Project, "Protecting Watersheds," 2010, www.westernwatersheds.org/issues/protecting-watersheds, accessed 5-29-12, mss) Protecting Watersheds A watershed is land ... is literally running out of water. |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Interpretation: the aff must remove regulations whose explicit intent is to make energy production impossible restriction is a regulation the free dictionary 2005 ("restriction," http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/restriction restriction n. any limitation on ... into the title of each owner. “on” indicates the object of restriction Merriam-Webster 2012 http:~/~/www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on?show=0andt=1345475371url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on?show=0andt=1345475371 a —used as a function ... salt short on cash this means the restriction has to intend to directly divert production Ludwig von Mises Institute, no date (XXIX. RESTRICTION OF PRODUCTION The Nature of Restriction, accessed 8/16/12, http:~/~/mises.org/humanaction/asp(%%)) We shall deal in this chapter ... compared with the consequences of nonintervention. B. Violation Export restrictions only restrict production by effect Marceau 10 Counsellor in the Legal Affairs Division of the WTO, and Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law in the University of Geneva Gabrielle, in GLOBAL CHALLENGES AT THE INTERSECTION OF TRADE, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, ed. Pauwelyn, 2010, Centre for Trade and Economic Integration, p. 33 GATT Article XI prohibits export restrictions ... to justify import or export restrictions. Vote Neg: 1. Limits. The aff can change anything that might discourage energy production--justify solving the Eurozone crisis, or stopping a war with Iran—makes neg prep impossible 2. Ground They justify infinite unpredictable advantages and spike out of disads to production |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Text: The United States federal government should substantially increase loan guarantees for integral fast reactors using the S-PRISM design excluding states which allow construction work in progress financing. CWIP financing allows devastating electricity price hikes Doug Koplow 11 Union of Concerned Scientists February 2011 Earth Track, Inc. NUCLEAR POWER: S t i l l N o t V i a b l e w i t h o u t S u b s i d i e s http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear_subsidies_report.pdf In a competitive market, pushing ... the last wave of new reactors. That kills the economy Nicolas Loris (Herbert and Joyce Morgan Fellow at the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies) July 23 12 “The Assault on Coal and American Consumers”, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/the-assault-on-coal-and-american-consumers These higher energy prices will also ... economic growth, and higher unemployment. Nuclear war Auslin 09 (Michael, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute, and Desmond Lachman – Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, “The Global Economy Unravels”, Forbes, 3-6, http://www.aei.org/article/100187) What do these trends mean in ... that coalesce into a big bang. |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Hagel nomination will succeed now. New York Times, 1-7-2013, p. www.nytimes.com/2013/01/07/us/obama-expected-to-select-hagel-for-defense-post.html?_r=0 When President Obama nominates Chuck Hagel ... would come as early as Monday. Everyone opposes the plan Michael Levi, Council on Foreign Relations, "A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports," Hamilton Project, 6--12, www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf But there is also great wariness ... cheap energy inputs for their industries. Political capital is key and the Hagel fight will come first. SCOTT WONG and MANU RAJU, 1/6/13, “Chuck Hagel takes fire from Capitol Hill,” Politico, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/chuck-hagel-takes-fire-from-capitol-hill-85805.html Senate Democrats and Republicans are far ... line. Dems will hate this.” Hagel key to rebalancing US defense policy as a pro-engagement and diplomacy agenda. Paul D. Eaton, Major General, ret., 1-4-2013, A soldier’s national security dream team, Reuters, p. blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2013/01/04/a-soldiers-national-security-dream-team/ President Barack Obama’s nomination of Senator ... will be equally so at Defense. Strong diplomacy agenda key to hegemony. Gen. Michael W. Hagee and Adm. James M. Loy, 3-27-2012, What it takes to keep U.S. safe today, Politico, p. www.politico.com/news/stories/0312/74509.html The challenges we face today as ... a lot cheaper than sending soldiers.” Extinction. Thomas P.M. Barnett, chief analyst, Wikistrat, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S. and Globalization, at Crossroads,” WORLD POLITICS REVIEW, 3—7—11, www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads Events in Libya are a further ... for the Pacific Century now unfolding. |
| 01/13/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: the word ‘in’ means throughout Words and Phrases, 8 (Permanent Edition, vol. 20a, p. 207) Colo. 1887. In the Act of 1861 providing that justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction “in” their respective counties to hear and determine all complaints, the word “in” should be construed to mean “throughout” such counties. Reynolds v. Larkin, 14, p. 114, 117, 10 Colo. 126. violation—the aff doesn’t Vote neg Kills limits—they could pick any small place in the US and increase nuclear power there Kills ground—lets them spike out of case-specific disads and counterplans by shifting where the plan is |
| 01/25/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Round 2: Vs. UMKC AG, with Jason Russell as the Judge
Round 2: Vs. UMKC AG, with Jason Russell as the Judge 1NC Positions:
Cap K, Hagel pltx DA (Iran Impact), PIC out of wind, wind causes ecosystem collapse (birds, bats), CP: remove the penalty for entering into non-compliant SEC restrictions (instead of removing the restrictions – because the money is used to save the environment) 1NC On Case Args:
Answers to complexity theory, participation defense (corporatism) 2NC Extended Args:
Wind PIC, AT: Wind inevitable
On Case: Corporatism turn, Apathy turn on case 1NR Args:
Hagel DA, Catastrophe rhetoric is good 2NR Strat:
Wind PIC, ecosystems extinction (D-rule: extinction is evil!), Politics, case defense and ‘turns’ from 2NC Round 4: Vs. Oklahoma LM, with Carly Wunderlich as the Judge
1NC Positions: DOE CP, Enviro Supplement CP, Politics, T, FW
1NC On Case Args: Util/consequentialism
2NC Extended Args: DOE CP, Politics
New 2NC Impacts or Args:
1NR Args: Politics
2NR Strat: Politics, DOE CP NEG ROUND REPORT FORMAT: Round 6: Minnesota CE Vs. Wake BM, with Rashad Evans as the Judge 1NC Positions:
Topicality
Politics DA- Hagel
President CP
Security K 1NC On Case Args:
Mexico
Gulf 2NC Extended Args:
Mexico Advantage
Security K New 2NC Impacts or Args: 1NR Args:
Politics DA
Gulf Adv 2NR Strat:
Mexico
Gulf
Security K |
| 01/26/2013 | Tournament: Pitt RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: | Judge:
Marx Local changes are doomed for achieving global change, this prevents anti-capitalist action. Adam Katz, English Instructor at Onodaga Community College. 2000. Postmodernism and the Politics of “Culture.” Pg. 146-147 Habermas’s understanding of undistorted…the cultural studies public intellectual. Distributed renewable power will be coopted by big solar—this card rocks
Farrell 11 Give money to whoever does it Big Banks Inflate Solar Project Value to Boost Tax Credits JULY 18, 2011 BY JOHN FARRELL LEAVE A COMMENT http://cleantechnica.com/2011/07/18/big-banks-inflate-solar-project-value-to-boost-tax-credits/
Solar leasing has offered thousands of homeowners a “… be allowed to subvert these public incentives. The material determinism of capital makes extinction inevitable—root cause of instrumentality
Dyer-Witherford (professor of Library and Info. Sciences @ the Univ. of Western Ontarion) ‘99 Nick. Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism. For capitalism, the use of machines as organs … disease, and immiseration across the planet. The degree to which this project of mastery has backfired is all too obvious. Reject the aff to validate and adopt the method of historical materialism that is the 1NC. Class first--one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation or knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humanize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression Tumino (Prof. English @ Pitt) 01
Stephen, “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critiqu Any effective political theory will have to … theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory. Hagel: 1NC Hagel will be confirmed now and top of the docket.
NYT, 1-22, p. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/us/politics/first-test-of-new-term-comes-in-cabinet-hearings.html?_r=0 For President Obama, the first test of his second term … Congressional aides said, it is not clear Republicans will try to block his confirmation. Plan is a “political trainwreck” – trades off with other agenda priorities
Leone 12
6/5, (Steve, Associate Editor, RenewableEnergyWorld.com, “Rove, Gibbs and the Politics of Wind's PTC”, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/06/rove-gibbs-and-the-politics-of-passing-winds-ptc, ATLANTA -- Even with certain high-level Republicans in its corner…, he’s probably not much of a fan of Karl Rove either. Political capital is key and the Hagel fight will come first.
SCOTT WONG and MANU RAJU, 1/6/13, “Chuck Hagel takes fire from Capitol Hill,” Politico, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/chuck-hagel-takes-fire-from-capitol-hill-85805.html Senate Democrats and Republicans are far from sold on … Dems will hate this.” Hagel bolsters Obama’s foreign policy --- prevents war with Iran.
McGovern, 1/2/2013 (Ray – former Army officer and veteran of the CIA’s analysis division, Obama needs Hagel in the Pentagon, Baltimore Sun, p. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-01-02/news/bs-ed-hagel-20130102_1_pentagon-generals-robert-mcnamara) During his first year in office, … He has "been there, done that," having volunteered for Vietnam, with two purple hearts to prove it. Iran strikes escalates to a nuclear world war.
Chossudovsky, 12/26/2011 (Michel, Preparing to attack Iran with Nuclear Weapons, Global Research, p. http://globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=28355) An attack on Iran would have devastating consequences… a nuclear holocaust over a large part of the Middle East. SEP CP: 1NC 1NC
The United States Federal Government should establish that the penalty for violating registration and compliance restrictions with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as tax liability restrictions on eligibility for federal tax credits for community wind and solar power projects may include entry into a Supplemental Environmental Project. Implementation of the Supplemental Environmental Projects should follow the 1991 Policy on the Use of Supplemental Environmental Projects in EPA Settlements, and any conflicting federal laws and regulations should be modified to provide a narrow exemption for the above penalty. Penalties determine regulatory compliance—restrictions are irrelevant if penalties are marginal
CPR 8 – The Center for Progressive Reform, a nonprofit research and educational organization with a network of Member Scholars working to protect health, safety, and the environment through analysis and commentary, 2008, “Environmental Enforcement,” http://progressiveregulation.org/perspectives/environEnforce.html
Effective enforcement is key to ensuring that the …envisioned by Congress for citizen enforcers. The SEP penalty causes industry noncompliance --- triggers the same industry response as the aff, while preserving the restriction
David Dana, Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 1998, ARTICLE: THE UNCERTAIN MERITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT REFORM: THE CASE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS, 1998 Wis. L. Rev. 1181, Lexis The previous analysis illustrates that the inclusion of SEPs in an enforcement regime may … to one of underdeterrence. Adopting the ’91 guidelines is key
Kenneth T. Kristl 7, Associate Professor of Law and Director of the Environmental and Natural Resources Law Clinic, Widener University School of Law, “MAKING A GOOD IDEA EVEN BETTER: RETHINKING THE LIMITS ON SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS,” Vermont Law Review, Vol. 31, 2007, http://lawreview.vermontlaw.edu/files/2012/02/kristl.pdf
If in fact the mitigation percentage is ultimately meaningless, … benefits that enforcement activity can bring. Net Benefit
Establishing SEP penalties solves inevitable environmental crisis
Jeff Ganguly, Executive Editor, BOSTON COLLEGE ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS LAW REVIEW, Fall 1998, COMMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION THROUGH SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS AND CREATIVE NEGOTIATION: RENEWED COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT, 26 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 189, Lexis Such a dynamic has been developing through …protectinghuman health and the environment. Extinction
Clark and Downes 6
Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, andDavid Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, 2006, What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html Biodiversity is the diversity of life on earth, … mental or spiritual rejuvenation through contact with nature. wind PIC The United States federal government should except community solar power projects from all registration and compliance restrictions with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as all tax liability restrictions on eligibility for federal tax credits. Wind power kills ecosystems-New infrastructure, sonic vibration, and cycling.
Green ’11
– resident scholar @ AEI (Kenneth, “Enivronmental consequences of engery choices: Horton Hears a Who”, August 4, http://www.aei.org/article/environmental-consequences-of-energy-choices-horton-hears-a-who/, ) What is not seen, or not acknowledged, is … than you would going with regular natural gas. Extinction
Coyne and Hoekstra 7
– professor of Ecology and Evolution, Chicago; Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Harvard (Jerry and Hopi, The Greatest Dying, 9/24, http://www.truthout.org/article/jerry-coyne-and-hopi-e-hoekstra-the-greatest-dying) But it isn't just the destruction of the rainforests that should trouble us. … we ourselves are not immune to extinction. Centralization: 1NC Inclusion of the public in the decision-making process causes the plan to backfire—lack of trust in energy projects mean the “not in my backyard” mentality will always win out
Devine-Wright 7 (Patrick, Manchester Architecture Research Centre, PhD, http://geography.exeter.ac.uk/beyond_nimbyism/deliverables/bn_wp1_4.pdf) It has been argued that the key to gaining local community … participation’ in renewable energy developments (page 28). Corporatism flips the case—undermines trust critical to participation and promotes elite interests
Walker et al. 4 (Gordon, Patrick Devine-Walker, Sue Hunter, Helen High and Bob Evans, Geogr-U of Lancaster, “Trust and community: Exploring the meanings, contexts and dynamics of community renewable energy,” 2004, http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v38y2010i6p2655-2663.html) However, we have also emphasised the particular … deployed also becomes problematic when politicised into public debate. No participation—Americans are too apathetic
Pippert and Hoffman 5 (Angela and Stephen, U of St. Thomas, http://www.stthomas.edu/politicalscience/communityenergy/files/Building%20up%20the%20Thir.pdf) However, not all political scientists … their time in nonpolitical pursuits. The plan is not sufficient to solve—many other things are required for true democratic engagement
Abelson and Gauvin 4 (Julia and Francois, Ctr for Health Econ-McMaster U., http://rcrpp.ca/documents/28104_en.pdf) Considerable resources are also … shortterm as a means for re-establishing trust with citizens. No consciousness shift—community energy projects are isolated and parochial in nature
Devine-Wright et al. 7 (Patrick, Gordon Walker, Sue Hunter, Bob Evans, Helen High, Geogr-U of Lancaster, http://geography.lancs.ac.uk/cei/downloads/PDW%20STP%20working%20Paper%202.pdf) The study also sheds light on policy makers’ assumptions about the outcomes …farmers (Moel Moelogan) (Walker et al, forthcoming). Resilience: 1NC Predictions are possible—it’s not all chaos and uncertainty
Levine 13 (Steve, Bernard L. Schwartz Fellow at the New America Foundation, 1/7/13, “The 14 rules for predicting future geopolitical events” Quartz) http://qz.com/40960/the-14-rules-for-predicting-future-geopolitical-events/ Nations are eccentric. But they also … if not the outcome of events. Applying complexity theory to policy causes paralysis and numerous other failures
Hendrick 9 (Diane; Department of Peace Studies – University of Bradford, “Complexity Theory and Conflict Transformation: An Exploration of Potential and Implications,” June, http://143.53.238.22/acad/confres/papers/pdfs/CCR17.pdf) It is still relatively early days in the … Such attempts appear, therefore, unrealistic or unfeasible. Complexity can’t explain human interactions—it doesn’t account for cooperation
Snooks 07 (Graeme D., Foundation Timothy Coghlan Research Professor
Institute of Advanced Studies
Australian National University, 1989-2010, Executive Director
Institute of Global Dynamics Systems
Canberra, Australia, since 2010 “SELF-ORGANISATION OR SELFCREATION? FROM SOCIAL PHYSICS TO REALIST DYNAMICS” Social Evolution and History, 6.1, March, online: http://www.sociostudies.org/journal/articles/140541/) Cooperation is a vital but problematical concept in social physics… a new study of the dynamics of the strategic pursuit. The goal of complexity theorists is still risk avoidance via resiliency—the disads are examples of how the plan could go wrong
Ogilvy 11 (“Facing The Fold: Essays on scenario planning” Jay is a cofounder of GBN and dean and chief academic officer at the Presidio School of Management in San Francisco, Book) But what if we measure scenario planning against the standards of a … In short, there is reason for hope. Scenario planning based on linear predictions is both possible and necessary to avoid extinction
Kurasawa 4 (Professor of Sociology, York University of Toronto, Fuyuki, Constellations Volume 11, No 4, 2004). Moreover, keeping in mind the sobering lessons of the past century cannot but make us wary about … upon future generations if left unchallenged. DA Ans: Renewables 2AC Renewables aren’t coming
Rahl and Braccio 12 (Gary, Senior Vice President, Booz Allen Hamilton, and Ralph, Senior Associate, Booz Allen Hamilton, 6/21/12, “Five Ways to Avert the Looming US Renewable Energy Crisis” http://energy.aol.com/2012/06/21/five-ways-to-avert-the-looming-us-renewable-energy-crisis/ There is a looming renewable energy crisis, … considering the budget situation in many states. Bats DA (General): 1NC Unique link – Wind power is scaling back – increased development kills bats
Kumagai ‘12
(Jean, “Fixing Wind Power’s Bat Problem”, July, http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/fixing-wind-powers-bat-problem, ) Fact one: Wind energy is booming around the world. … scaled back or put on hold. Key to agriculture, ecosystems, and the global economy
Cryan ’11
(Paul, “Bats Worth Billions to Agriculture: Pest-control Services at Risk”, March 31, http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=2743#.T-4HtcU_Tl8, ) Pest-control services provided … in the best interest of national and international economies.” Extinction
Lugar 2k
(Richard, a US Senator from Indiana, is Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and a member and former chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, “calls for a new green revolution to combat global warming and reduce world instability,” pg online @ http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html, ) In a world confronted by global terrorism…of people and the health of our planet. Birds DA: Vanilla 1NC A. Wind power massacres a metric assload of endangered predatory birds
Taylor and Vandoren 2000
Jerry, Dir. Of Nat. Resource Studies at the Cato Institute, Adjunct scholar for the Institute for Energy Research in Houston and Peter, Taught at Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affiars and Postdoctoral fellow in political economy at Carnegie Mellon, “The progress Explosion: Permanently Escaping the Malthusian Trap,” Earth Report, ed. Ronald Bailey, New York: McGraw Hill, 2000, 138uwyo The most serious noneconomic issue that threatens wind … Birt Treaty Act and the Bald Eagle Protection Act. B. Killing species risks human extinction – uncertainty about which species is the keystone increases the risk
HONNOLD (attorney-Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund) 4/26/95
Douglas, Federal Document Clearing House, LN In the hustle and bustle of the making and enforcement of laws, … drive other species into the abyss of extinction. B. Strong predatory bird population necessary to stop rodents that spread infectious diseases like the plague
The Hindu 2000
V. Balasubramani, verified Tutor, Master of Science in Chemistry, also teaches physics, zoology, engineering, and medical entrance coaching in Chemistry at Chennai India, and M. Subramanian, Dept. of Chemical Engineering at Sri Venkateswara college of Engineering, India, “Barn owl controls rats,” August 3, LNuwyo-ajl RATS DESTROY crops, food, stored grains and farm produce, household articles, …on the walls and ground. C. Infectious disease epidemic risks tons of casualties, extinction of the species because of resistance to drugs, and destruction of biodiversity
Riverdeep 2000
Interactive Learning Center, “Infectious Diseases among Wildlife: A Threat to Biodiversity and to Humans,” www.riverdeep.net/current/2000/02/front.030200.eid.jhtml, acc 11-14-04uwyo-ajl Infectious disease is the leading cause of human death … ecosystems varied and healthy. Counterplan 2NC Turn – Focusing on the effects of policies rather than the motivation behind them is key to solvency Lynn 99 (Laurence, Sid Richardson Research Prof. in LBJ School of Public Affairs @ UT Austin, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, “A Place at the Table: Policy Analysis, Its Postpositive Critics, and the Future of Practice”, 18:3) Policy analysis, says Torgerson, is "haunted" by its … of their own frailty and fallibility" and will "make their humanity apparent" (p. 51). Turn – Comparing alternative ways of achieving the same policy goal is key to break down the oppression and power relations they criticize Shaffer 04 (Gregory, University of Wisconsin Law School, “Power, Global Governance, and the WTO: What Role for the WTO Judicial Process?”, for a conference on Comparative Institutional Analysis, Madison, WI., September 10-11, 2004, http://www.law.wisc.edu/webshare/hC/Shaffer%205-17-04.rtf) For example, when critical analysts of structural … examined from a comparative institutional vantage.
Neolib inevitable
Dieter Plehwe (Two-time guest prof at Yale. Rsch Fllw @ NYU, Research Fellow, Social Science Research Center Berlin) and Bernhard Walpen (The Forschungs- und Beratungsstelle Arbeitswelt (FORBA) is an independent research institute specialising in social-science research on work and employment) Neoliberal Hegemony: A Global Critique. “Between network and complex organization: The Making of Neoliberal: Knowledge and Hegemony”. 12/8/2005. http://www.forba.at/data/downloads/file/300-Plehwe-Walpen.pdf Indeed, part of the reason why it is not easy to distinguish … as well as the relative absenteeism from power. Neoliberalism not oppressive or exploitive – empirically proven
Bhagvati 4 (University Professor at Columbia University and Senior Fellow in International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations [JagdishBhagwati, “In Defense of Globalization”. 2004. Overview, http://www.cfr.org/publication/6769/in_defense_of_globalization.html] JagdishBhagwati takes conventional wisdom—that globalization is the cause of several social ills—and turns it on its head… adding more glow to the human face. Free trade turn: A. Neoliberalism is key to free trade
Anwar Shaikh, professor at the New School. “The economic mythology of neoliberalism,” Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader, Alfredo Saad-Filho (ed.) Pluto Press, London, February, 2004. http://homepage.newschool.edu/~AShaikh/neoliberalism.pdf The defenders of neoliberalism have a ready response to this charge… This is the central conclusion of neoliberalism. B. Free markets solve your offense
Stephen Moore, President, Club for Growth, “Surer Way to Sustain the Planet,” THE WASHINGTON TIMES, August 30, 2002, p. A21. What has been the driving force behind … there is an abundance of these maladies. Wind
CP
The plan solves – increasing access for decentralized solar power is key to a renewable shift
The Institute for Local Self-Reliance 2K8 (John Farrell, Research Associate @ The Institute for Local Self-Reliance, “Concentrating Solar and Decentralized Power: Government Incentives Hinder Local Ownership,” May 2008, The New Rules Project, Online) Solar concentrators promise a new level of development … for encouraging solar power development. Decentralized solar disrupts the fossil fuel industry control over energy
Hermann Scheer, member of the German Parliament and Alternative Nobel Prize winner, 2002, “The Solar Economy: Renewable Energy for a Sustainable Global Future”, Earthscan, p. 87-89, mnrs The representatives of the fossil energy industry have … by the spiders of the fossil economy. NB First is Impact calculus-prefer environmental impacts-there is an invisible threshold which we can't recover from and insures human extinction.
Diner 94
(Major David N., Judge Advocate General's Corps – United States Army, “The Army and The Endangered Species Act: Who's Endangering Whom?”, Military Law Review, Winter, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161, Lexis) D. The Value of Biological Diversity - Why Do We Care?
… 80 mankind may be edging closer to the abyss.
species extinction is evilthe greatest of all possible crimes watson (nqa) ‘94[Captain Paul, The Politics of Extinction, www.wizard.net/ethan/extinction.htm] Extinction is a difficult concept to … the divine entity which brought us forth from the fertility of her sacred womb. Uniq Wind declining-delay over PTC caused lay-offs
Hurdle 1/25/13
(Jon, “Reality Check: U.S. Wind Machinery Output Stalls As PTC Revived”, Deutsch Borse Group, https://mninews.marketnews.com/index.php/reality-check-us-wind-machinery-output-stalls-ptc-revived?q=content/reality-check-us-wind-machinery-output-stalls-ptc-revived) Output of wind-farm components by …scheduled termination of the PTC. And orders will stay down-lack of clarity over ptc.
Hurdle 1/25/13
(Jon, “Reality Check: U.S. Wind Machinery Output Stalls As PTC Revived”, Deutsch Borse Group, https://mninews.marketnews.com/index.php/reality-check-us-wind-machinery-output-stalls-ptc-revived?q=content/reality-check-us-wind-machinery-output-stalls-ptc-revived) The 18-24 month lead time from planning to … devices for wind farms and other industries. Wind dying-lack of long term predictability.
Holding 1/24/13
(Carol Pierson, “Wind Energy Subsidies Losing the Wind Beneath Their Wings”, Triple Pundit, http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/01/energy-subsidies-losing-wind-beneath-wings/) After a year where wind producers sat on their hands, … to cut back in the middle of last year. Centralization: Ext #1—Backfires Empirical examples prove that the “not in my backyard” mentality trumps all projects
Hoffman 5 (Steven, U of St Thomas, COMMUNITY ENERGY: A SOCIAL ARCHITECTURE FOR
AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FUTURE, http://www.stthomas.edu/politicalscience/ communityenergy/files/COMMUNITY%20ENERGYA%20.pdf) Even authors who acknowledge the role …. the NIMBY argument (E-Cubed).
Centralization: Ext #2—Corporatism Development is inevitable, but premature inclusion backfires and kills the industry
Walker and Wright 7 (Gordon* and Patrick Devine-, *Department of Geography at Lancaster university Manchester architecture research center member, “Community renewable energy: What should it mean?” 11/28/07, http://www.sociologia.unical.it/gunder_frank/walkercommunityenergy.pdf
On the other hand, during …described as community based. Denmark proves community energy won’t stay local
Warren & McFayden 10 (Charles & Malcolm, U of St. Andrews – Geography, “Does Community ownership affect public attitudes,” 2010, http://www.embark.com.au/download/attachments/2889510/Warren+-+Does+Community+Ownership+Affect+Public+++++Attitudes.pdf) However, it is unlikely that community-scale wind power in Scotland will ever … experience of the Gigha islanders shows.
Centralization: Ext #3—Apathy The public prefers to defer to experts
Dickinson 2 (Harley, U of Sasketchewan, Health econ, http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/CP32-79-33-2002E.pdf) It is not just the politically marginalized that support …including elected officials and experts. Extinction Nuclear conflict causes nuclear winter that kills all life
Woodwell ‘84
[George M., Dir. Ecosystems Center of the Marine Bio Lab, Woods Hole, PhD in ecology from Duke, Sr. Sci at Brookhaven Nat. Lab, Studied effects of ionizing radiation and terrest. Ecosystems, “The Long-Term Ecological Effects of Nuclear War: Twilight for the Species?” The Environmental Effects of Nuclear War, Ed. London & White, Boulder: Westview Press, 1984, 123uwyo-ajl] The potential long-term effects of a nuclear war,…severe enough to raise question as to whether Homo sapiens will survive as a species: Extinction outweighs
Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10. Such remote risks may seem academic in a world … support regardless of how much one worries about extinction. Util Calculation is inevitable—all actions involve choice and an assessment of costs and benefits… any obligation to one other comes at the expense of an obligation to infinite others… our finitude as beings means we cannot always already be fore everything… we have evidence on this—their ethical stance recreates the worst atrocities Jacques Derrida 92 “The Force of Law: The ‘Mystical Foundation of Authority’”, Deconstruction and the Possibility of Justice, ed: Cornell, Rosenfeld, and Carlson, p. 28-29 That justice exceeds law and calculation…that remain and will have to remain in progress, everywhere in the world, for men and for women. Every life is an end in and of itself – All lives are infinitely valuable, the only ethical option is to maximize the number saved Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates, “Kantian Consequentialism”, p. 131) Finally, even if one grants that … who are saved, the better.8 Resilience: Ext #1—Predictions Work Predictions are possible and necessary to avoid catastrophe
Garrett 12 (Banning, In Search of Sand Piles and Butterflies, director of the Asia Program and Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council. http://www.acus.org/disruptive_change/search-sand-piles-and-butterflies) “Disruptive change” that produces “strategic shocks” … and our ability to see opportunities that we would otherwise miss. Resilience: Ext #3—Not Applicable Complexity theory destroys our ability to make predictions by only focusing on outcomes, which crushes agency
Snooks 07 (Graeme D., Foundation Timothy Coghlan Research Professor
Institute of Advanced Studies
Australian National University, 1989-2010, Executive Director
Institute of Global Dynamics Systems
Canberra, Australia, since 2010 “SELF-ORGANISATION OR SELFCREATION? FROM SOCIAL PHYSICS TO REALIST DYNAMICS” Social Evolution and History, 6.1, March, online: http://www.sociostudies.org/journal/articles/140541/) The central deficiency of complexity theory is …the more fundamental ‘strategic exchange’. War results from strategic decision-making, not random events
Snooks 07 (Graeme D., Foundation Timothy Coghlan Research Professor
Institute of Advanced Studies
Australian National University, 1989-2010, Executive Director
Institute of Global Dynamics Systems
Canberra, Australia, since 2010 “SELF-ORGANISATION OR SELFCREATION? FROM SOCIAL PHYSICS TO REALIST DYNAMICS” Social Evolution and History, 6.1, March, online: http://www.sociostudies.org/journal/articles/140541/) A number of attempts have been made to … rather than the required large numbers, are involved). Politics Link: 1NC Plan is perceived as a redundancy—causes Congressional fights Hirsch 2/28 (Michelle, reporter, 2/28/12 “GAO: Billions Wasted on Redundant Federal Programs” Fiscal Times) http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2012/02/28/GAO-Billions-Wasted-on-Redundant-Federal-Programs.aspx#page1 In all, the GAO found 32 cases in which different parts … a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution. Security Extinction reps cause social transcendence
Wink, 2001 [Walter, nqa, “Apocalypse Now?” Christian Century, Oct 17, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_28_118/ai_79514992 ] If that were the whole story about apocalyptic, many of us would want nothing to do with it… apocalyptic transcendence. Imagining nuclear war scenarios prevents them
Foard, Associate Professor of Religion, Arizona State, 1997 (James, “Imagining Nuclear Weapons: Hiroshima, Armageddon, and the Annihilation of the Students of Ichijo School,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion, http://jaar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/LXV/1/1.pdf) This ambivalence about Hiroshima has been partially ameliorated by … in a war that no one will win. 4. Reality shapes language – focus on discourse distracts from solving the real cause of the problem Matthew Roskoski and Joe Peabody, Florida State University, “A Linguistic and Philosophical Critique of Language Arguments”, 1991, http://debate.uvm.edu/Library/DebateTheoryLibrary/Roskoski&Peabody-LangCritiques. Previously, we have argued that the language advocates … consciousness about the underlying societal problem..." (560). Hagel Impact: Defense Cuts1NC Hagel confirmation key to real defense cuts
Douglas McGregor, "Hagel: A Different Kind of Defense Secretary," TIME, 1813, http://nation.time.com/2013/01/08/hagel-a-different-kind-of-defense-secretary/?iid=ent-main-mostpop2 Senator Chuck Hagel’s nomination and inevitable … to attainable strategic goals. |
| 01/27/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Interpretation: the aff must remove regulations whose explicit intent is to make energy production impossible restrictions must intend to directly divert production
Ludwig von Mises Institute, no date (XXIX. RESTRICTION OF PRODUCTION
The Nature of Restriction, accessed 8/16/12, http://mises.org/humanaction/chap29sec1.asp) We shall deal … consequences of nonintervention. B. Violation—they remove a regulation about how wind power is produced, not a restriction on the production of it Vote Neg: - Limits
The aff can change anything that might discourage energy production--justify solving the Eurozone crisis, or stopping a war with Iran—makes neg prep impossible
2. Ground
They justify infinite unpredictable advantages and spike out of disads to production |
| 01/27/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The Department of Energy should recommend that the United States federal government should remove the aesthetic restrictions on wind turbines in the Unites States, from the United States Forest Service Handbook as part of a technology neutral options framework within the quadrennial energy review scheduled for 2014
Proposing the plan as part of a QER spurs congressional adoption and reinvigorates investor confidence in clean energy, but transparency and ongoing dialogue are key--plan fails because of agency fragmentation and regional differences Moniz 12, Ernest J. “Stimulating Energy Technology Innovation.” Daedalus 141.2 (2012): 81–93. Web. 4 May 2012. 70514ERNEST J. MONIZ is the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems and Director of the Energy Initiative at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He served as Under Secretary of the Department of Energy and as Associate Director for Science in the Of½ce of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Of½ce of the President during the Clinton administration. He currently serves on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. © 2012 American Academy of Arts and Sciences As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00148 Publisher MIT Press Version Final published version Accessed Tue May 15 22:46:45 EDT 2012 Citable Link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/ However, pcast … from major stakeholders. Clean energy solves warming – causes extinction
Dennis Jaynes, California Polytechnic State University Research with Dr. Preston, June 1, 2010 “Global Warming: Myths and Realities” digitalcommons.calpoly.edu p. 26-29 Considering all of … on to their children. 2NC CARDS QER Solves: Say Yes The USFG will model as long as its impartial—that’s Moniz QER breaks partisanship over energy
Colman 12 (11/27, Ex-senators propose interagency council for energy policy By Zack Colman - 11/27/12 10:10 AM ET http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/269447-report-create-interagency-council-for-national-energy-policy
“Leadership starts with … he said.v DOE recommendations cause enactment – AND – Even if it fails – private actors will change their behavior
DOE 11 (REPORTandONandTHEandFIRST QUADRENNIAL QTR TECHNOLOGY!REVIEW, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf) An important finding … the Department’s investments. Even if broad goals are never realized, promoting specific technologies can spur long-term buy in and CONGRESS will take the lead Friedman 11 (http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/why-we-need-a-quadrennial-energy-review/73371/, “Why we need a quadrennial energy review”) However, goals are not … our needs as a nation. QER: A2 “Perm” (1:15 Permutation politicizes the QER—guts the ability to follow through on policies
Derek Sands 11 Inside Energy with Federal Lands November 21, 2011 Politics, economics will hinder DOE bid to chart broad energy policy: Koonin. Lexis "Any study or … technology leadership," Moniz added. note—card is in stovepiping section in DOE bureaucracy
Perception of politicization means the next president will reverse the QER
Derek Sands 11 Inside Energy with Federal Lands November 14, 2011 Koonin, who recast DOE's tech mission, to return to private sector, academia. Lexis For the first time … the technical challenges."
QER: A2 “Perm—Do the CP” (1:00 Severs The counterplan is materially distinct
PCAST 10 Executive Office of the President President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON ACCELERATING THE PACE OF CHANGE IN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED FEDERAL ENERGY POLICY http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf First, the emphasis … are structured and evaluated. Should requires certainty
Nieto 09 Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009) “Should” is “used … exemption to be mandatory). AND immediacy
Summers 94 - Justice, Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 11-8-1994, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant,” www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn14 4 The legal question … , 365, 1 S.Ct. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882). Substantial requires certainty and immediacy
Words and Phrases '25
Judicial and statutory definitions of words and phrases, Volume 7, p. 6738 The words “outward, … Bass v. Pease, 79 Ill. App. 308, 318. |
| 01/27/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
1NC
The United States Federal Government should establish that the penalty for violating the aesthetic restrictions on wind turbines in the United States in the United States Forest Service Handbook may include entry into a Supplemental Environmental Project. Implementation of the Supplemental Environmental Projects should follow the 1991 Policy on the Use of Supplemental Environmental Projects in EPA Settlements, and any conflicting federal laws and regulations should be modified to provide a narrow exemption for the above penalty. Penalties determine regulatory compliance—restrictions are irrelevant if penalties are marginal
CPR 8 – The Center for Progressive Reform, a nonprofit research and educational organization with a network of Member Scholars working to protect health, safety, and the environment through analysis and commentary, 2008, “Environmental Enforcement,” http://progressiveregulation.org/perspectives/environEnforce.html
Effective enforcement … citizen enforcers. The SEP penalty causes industry noncompliance --- triggers the same industry response as the aff, while preserving the restriction
David Dana, Professor of Law, Boston University School of Law, 1998, ARTICLE: THE UNCERTAIN MERITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT REFORM: THE CASE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS, 1998 Wis. L. Rev. 1181, Lexis The previous … to one of underdeterrence. Net Benefit
Establishing SEP penalties solves inevitable environmental crisis
Jeff Ganguly, Executive Editor, BOSTON COLLEGE ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS LAW REVIEW, Fall 1998, COMMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION THROUGH SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS AND CREATIVE NEGOTIATION: RENEWED COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT, 26 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 189, Lexis Such a dynamic … and the environment. Extinction
Clark and Downes 6
Dana Clark, Center for International Environmental Law, andDavid Downes, US Interior Dept. Policy Analysis Senior Trade Advisor, 2006, What price biodiversity?, http://www.ciel.org/Publications/summary.html Biodiversity is the diversity … contact with nature. |
| 01/27/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Extinction Outweighs: F/L Extinction outweighs everything else—there is no recovering from it (includes climate change) Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10. Such remote risks … worries about extinction. Extinction outweighs—Nietzsche doesn’t assume nuclear weapons
Connolly 91 – PolSci Professor, John Hopkins (William, Identity/Difference, p 187, AG) The Nietzschean conception … this tendency. Turn—seeking a better world reinforces and empowers our humanity—we control the best internal link to value to life Fasching, 93 - professor in USF's religious studies department – 1993 (Darrell, The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima : Apocalypse or Utopia?, Pg. 28) The human occurs … earth is humanized. Calculations Good: F/L All lives are infinitely valuable, the only ethical option is to maximize the number saved Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates, “Kantian Consequentialism”, p. 131) Finally, even if … saved, the better.8 Consequences Good: F/L You must evaluate consequences--their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize Jeffrey Issac (professor of political science at Indiana University) 2002 Dissent, Spring, ebsco
As writers such as Niccolo … political effectiveness. 1NC Case - Fascism Disad—
A. Collapsing political and aesthetic criteria opens the door to fascism.
Russ Castronovo, Jean Wall Bennet Professor of English and American Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, “Geo-Aesthetics: Fascism, Globalism, and Frank Norris,” BOUNDARY 2, v 30 n 3, 2003.
Historiography is not … places on literary studies. B. Aesthetic fascism ultimately creates the conditions of self-destruction as the ultimate pleasure.
Ger Peeters, critic, “Reichel: Faszination und Gewalt des Faschismus,” trans. Laura Martz, MEDIAMATIC SPECIAL EAR ISSUE, v 6, n 3, 1992, www.mediamatic.net/set-200.6415.html. In the … of aesthetic pleasure. 2. Aesthetic politics results in elitist conservatism.
Russ Castronovo, Jean Wall Bennet Professor of English and American Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, “Geo-Aesthetics: Fascism, Globalism, and Frank Norris,” BOUNDARY 2, v 30 n 3, 2003. Although formalist criteria … eciate—or create—it? 5. Ethical Myopia
Not all suffering is the same. Some degree of pain is good – but some degrees are not.
Condoning death is stupid – Nietzsche was an ivory tower elitist who has no understanding of basic vulnerability.
Martha Nussbaum, David Benedict Professor, Professor of Philosophy and Classics, and Adjunct Professor of Comparative Literature at Brown University, 1994, Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morals, ed. Richard Schacht, p. 158-59 We now turn … him with weakness. 6. Ressentiment is good – disrupts the focus on the individual and allows collective struggles against injustice.
Robert C. Solomon, Philosophy @ UT Austin, 1994 (Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality, p. 118) Of course, there … revolution. It often has. 7. Ressentiment is silly and the aff is a better way to deal with it through compassion
Frazer 6 The Review of Politics (2006), 68: 49-78 Cambridge University Press
Michael Frazer's research focuses on Enlightenment political philosophy and its relevance for contemporary political theory. His current book project, “The Enlightenment of Sympathy: Justice and the Moral Sentiments in the Eighteenth Century and Today,” defends a psychologically holistic approach to political reflection through an examination of such authors as David Hume, Adam Smith and J. G. Herder. Dr. Frazer has also published articles on Maimonides, Nietzsche, John Rawls and Leo Strauss in such journals as "Political Theory" and "The Review of Politics." After receiving his B.A. from Yale University and his Ph.D. from Princeton University, Dr. Frazer spent the 2006-7 academic year as a postdoctoral research associate in the Political Theory Project at Brown University.
Assistant professor – HARVARD There is a second … opponents of human flourishing. 8. Nietzsche supports an UNcritical stance of oppression and authority—Reverence of strength and UNexamined political authority is nihilism.
Ofelia Schutte 1984 (BEYOND NIHILISM: Nietzsche without Masks, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS) The theme of … are not convincing. 187-188 |
| 01/27/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Gulf drilling crushes key biodiversity hotspots, fisheries and wetlands– tech and regs can’t solve because both routine operations and tiny spills both trigger the impact Murray and Pratt, 10 (Deborah, Senior Attorney, marirose, Associate Attorney, Environmental Law Center, 5/3, http:~/~/www.southernenvironment.org/uploads/fck/file/offshore_drilling/selc_comments_2007-12plan-pdf As set forth … climate change. Dead zones are inevitable and natural Lewis, 07–senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute (Marlo, “XII. Algae, Ticks, Mosquitoes, and Germs,” http://cei.org/pdf/ait/chXII.pdf) Comment: A global … global warming. too many alt causes to oceans Black ‘11 Richard Black, Environment correspondent, BBC News. “World's oceans in 'shocking' decline”. June 20, 2011. BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13796479 The oceans are … trapped in the sea bed. Ext 3-4--Ecosystems Resilient Natural bacteria solve spills—horizon aftermath proves Hindustan Times, “BP May Have to Thank Bacteria for Oil Spill Clean Up,” 8-27-10, www.hindustantimes.com/BP-may-have-to-thank-bacteria-for-oil-spill-clean-up/Article1-592592.aspx, accessed 4-8-12. Scientists claim to … genes for processing oil. The environment is invincible Easterbrook 95, Distinguished Fellow, Fullbright Foundation (Gregg, A Moment on Earth pg 25) IN THE … accustomed to resisting. Grid is resilient and sustainable Clark, MA candidate – Intelligence Studies @ American Military University, senior analyst – Chenega Federal Systems, 4/28/’12 (Paul, “The Risk of Disruption or Destruction of Critical U.S. Infrastructure by an Offensive Cyber Attack,” American Military University) In 2003, a … significantly increased (U.S. Senate¶ Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 2012). SMR Neg: Grid--Cyber 1NC (1:00 Cyber war infeasible Clark, MA candidate – Intelligence Studies @ American Military University, senior analyst – Chenega Federal Systems, 4/28/’12 (Paul, “The Risk of Disruption or Destruction of Critical U.S. Infrastructure by an Offensive Cyber Attack,” American Military University) The Department … cyber security measures (Gohn and Wheelock 2010). Discourse of a terrorist threat locks in violence and ensures a self-fulfilling prophecy Jackson 7 (Volume 42, Issue 3, Pages 394-426 Published Online: 21 Jun 2007, Constructing Enemies: 'Islamic Terrorism' in Political and Academic Discourse Richard Jackson) In this case, for … legitimate action. |
| 01/27/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: “on” indicates the object of restriction Merriam-Webster 2012 http:~/~/www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on?show=0andt=1345475371url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/on?show=0andt=1345475371 a —used …go light on the salt short on cash this means the restriction has to intend to directly divert production Ludwig von Mises Institute, no date (XXIX. RESTRICTION OF PRODUCTION The Nature of Restriction, accessed 8/16/12, http:~/~/mises.org/humanaction/asp(%%)) We shall deal… consequences of nonintervention. Violation: The Aff eliminates an indirect incentive—production is not legally restricted, companies just don’t want to bid for contracts near the border George Baker 2013. Panel Presentation on the US-Mexico Transborder Hydrocarbon Agreement, United States Association for Energy Economics, USAEE Dialogue, http:~/~/dialogue.usaee.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=218:panel-presentation-on-the-us-mexico-transborder-hydrocarbon-agreementandcatid=56:volume-21-number-1andItemid=820url:http://dialogue.usaee.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=218:panel-presentation-on-the-us-mexico-transborder-hydrocarbon-agreementandcatid=56:volume-21-number-1andItemid=820 Meanwhile, … border. Hagel will be confirmed now and top of the docket. NYT, 1-22, p. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/us/politics/first-test-of-new-term-comes-in-cabinet-hearings.html?_r=0 For President … block his confirmation. Treaties require expenditure of capital--Bush / Obama contrast proves John Bellinger, adjunct senior fellow, International and Security Law, Council on Foreign Relations, "U.S. Trouble with START and Other Treaties," interviewed by Tony Johnson, 7--9--10, http://www.cfr.org/international-law/us-trouble-start-other-treaties/p22614 You contend in your … administration had not pushed. Political capital is key and the Hagel fight will come first. SCOTT WONG and MANU RAJU, 1/6/13, “Chuck Hagel takes fire from Capitol Hill,” Politico, http://www.politico.com/story/2013/01/chuck-hagel-takes-fire-from-capitol-hill-85805.html Senate Democrats and … Dems will hate this.” Hagel bolsters Obama’s foreign policy -~-- prevents war with Iran. McGovern, 1/2/2013 (Ray – former Army officer and veteran of the CIA’s analysis division, Obama needs Hagel in the Pentagon, Baltimore Sun, p. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-01-02/news/bs-ed-hagel-20130102_1_pentagon-generals-robert-mcnamara) During his first year in … purple hearts to prove it. Iran strikes escalates to a nuclear world war. Chossudovsky, 12/26/2011 (Michel, Preparing to attack Iran with Nuclear Weapons, Global Research, p. http://globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=28355) An attack on Iran… of the Middle East. Hagel key to rebalancing US defense policy as a pro-engagement and diplomacy agenda. Paul D. Eaton, Major General, ret., 1-4-2013, A soldier’s national security dream team, Reuters, p. blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2013/01/04/a-soldiers-national-security-dream-team/ President Barack …Hagel will be equally so at Defense. Strong diplomacy agenda key to hegemony. Gen. Michael W. Hageeand Adm. James M. Loy, 3-27-2012, What it takes to keep U.S. safe today, Politico, p. www.politico.com/news/stories/0312/74509.html The challenges we face… than sending soldiers.” The aff’sontological commitment to security causes serial policy failure Burke 2007(Anthony Burke, Int'l Studies @ U of New South Wales, “Ontologies of War,” in Theory and Event, Vol. 10, Iss. 2) This tells us much … or chaotic.
root cause of conflict--Insecurity is inevitable
Burke 2007(Anthony Burke, Int'l Studies @ U of New South Wales, “Ontologies of War,” in Theory and Event, Vol. 10, Iss. 2) And what would … useful or obstinate matter. Reject the aff as an instance of the violent logic of security Burke, School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland2002Anthony, Aporias of Security, Alternatives 27 It is perhaps easy to … possibilities might be. The President of the United States should reduce restrictions on energy production of crude oil in the United States as specified by the Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States Concerning Transboundary Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico. Counterplan is an executive agreement, avoids controversy and solves SaikrishnaPrakash et al., YALE LAW JOURNAL, 2001, http://www.yalelawjournal.org/pdf/111-2/PrakashFINAL.pdf A second example… to the President. Stick them to cross-x—they use Congress to implement Normal means is the Senate BrydonRoss, "US and Mexico Sign Accord on Offshore Drilling," 2--21--12, Knowledge Center, the Council of State Governments, http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/drupal/content/us-and-mexico-sign-accord-offshore-drilling Yesterday, the State … feet of natural gas. 1. Mexican constitution blocks PEMEX coop with the US in the gulf John Daly (writer for Oil Price.com) December 2012 “Mexico to Privatize State Oil Company Pemex?” http:~/~/oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/html On the plus side, … previous governmental efforts. 2. Drug trafficking solves stability—stand in for weak states Colloquium Brief U.S. Army War College, University of Pittsburgh, Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies “DRUG TRAFFICKING, VIOLENCE, AND INSTABILITY IN MEXICO, COLOMBIA, AND THE CARIBBEAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY”. Dallas D.Owens Strategic Studies Institute and Evan Brown University of Pittsburgh 2010 The first two presenters … will continue to fade 3. Stability improving--Macroeconomic factors ensure it and current growth is sustainable Joseph Hogue 5-30-2012; provides investment research and analysis through his firm, Efficient Alpha. He has appeared as a guest on BloombergTV for his analysis of Latin American securities and holds the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation.Mexican economy in contrast to its negative stereotypes http://emergingmoney.com/mexico/mexican-economy-eww/ The diverse Mexican … global headline risks. 4. Adaptation solves—no impact to cartels Friedman 10 chief executive of STRATFOR, a private global intelligence firm he founded in 1996 George, 4/6, “The Political Machine, Drugs and Pinata: Mexico, failed state?” http:~/~/www.politicalmachine.com/article/379548/Drugs_and_Pinata_Mexico_failed_com/article/379548/Drugs_and_Pinata_Mexico_failed_state Despite these … status of Mexico. 5. No production decline – Mexico has plenty in reserves Robert Campbell, 5-22-2012; Reuters Market Analyst, Mexico is no longer an oil basketcase: Campbell http://www.petroleumworld.com/storyt12052302.htm The following may be … pace than a few years ago. 6. US weapons sales cause drug violence THE OPPENHEIMER REPORT Obama could help stop Mexico's bloodshed Miami Herald BY ANDRES OPPENHEIMER Saturday, 09.04.10http:~/~/www.miamiherald.com/2010/09/04/1809188/obama-could-help-stop-mexicos.html#html#ixzz0yheC60QI(%%) In Mexico, U.S. arms … the drug traffickers.'' 7. High oil prices overcome revenue shortfalls Market News International5-9-2011; High Oil Prices Lift Pemex Profits, Challenges Remain http://imarketnews.com/node/30466 MEXICO CITY (MNI) - State oil companyP…period year earlier. 8. Pot legalization makes violence inevitable Alfonso Serrano 1/7/13, U.S. Marijuana Laws Ricochet Through Latin America, Time, http:~/~/world.time.com/2013/01/07/u-s-marijuana-laws-ricochet-through-latin-america/http://world.time.com/2013/01/07/u-s-marijuana-laws-ricochet-through-latin-america/(% style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;background:white" %) A major concern … experts fear. 9. No impact to Mexican instability Seelee and Shirt, 10 – *director of theMexicoInstitute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars AND ** fellow at the center and an associate professor at the University of San Diego (Andrew Selee, David Shirk, 3/27/10, " Five myths about Mexico's drug war ", Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/26/AR2010032602226.html) The country has … into a failed state. 10. No impact to Latin American instability Hartzell 2000 (Caroline A., 4/1/2000, Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies Latin American Essays, “Latin America's civil wars: conflict resolution and institutional change.” http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28765765_ITM) Latin America has been…post-war institutional change? 11. No impact to US power Goldstein 2011, Professor IR at American University Joshua S. Goldstein, Professor emeritus of international relations at American University, “Thing Again: War,” Sept/Oct 2011, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/think_again_war?print=yesandhidecomments=yesandpage=full Nor do shifts in the … the bloodbath of World War I. 12. No solvency—treaty language prevents PEMEX from being the unit operator George Baker 2013. Panel Presentation on the US-Mexico Transborder Hydrocarbon Agreement, United States Association for Energy Economics, USAEE Dialogue, http:~/~/dialogue.usaee.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=218:panel-presentation-on-the-us-mexico-transborder-hydrocarbon-agreementandcatid=56:volume-21-number-1andItemid=820url:http://dialogue.usaee.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=218:panel-presentation-on-the-us-mexico-transborder-hydrocarbon-agreementandcatid=56:volume-21-number-1andItemid=820 George Baker observed that the Obama administration has not yet submitted the agreement for approval, either as a treaty to be ratified by the Senate (it has already been approved by the Mexican Senate) or as implementing legislation to be approved by both houses. From the U.S. perspective, the text of the treaty was crafted in such a way so as to serve as a generic template for similar agreements with Russia, Canada and Cuba. Baker cautioned that … side of the border. 13. Relations are resilient, but the cooperation that their impacts assume is impossible Harry Harding 11, founding dean of the School of Leadership and Public Policy at the University of Virginia, “Are China and the U.S. on a collision course?”, June 14, http://thinkingaboutasia.blogspot.com/2011/06/are-china-and-us-on-collision-course.html In my judgment, … the use of force. they kill biodiversity AliyaHaq et al 12 Corporate Accountability Research Specialist CassonTrenor Senior Markets Campaigner Charlie Cray Research Specialist Claudette Juska Research Specialist DeepaIsac Deputy General Counsel Jackie Dragon Senior Oceans Campaigner Jim Riccio Nuclear Power Analyst John Deans Toxics Campaigner John Hocevar Oceans Campaign Director Kelly Mitchell Coal Campaigner Kert Davies Research Director Kyle Ash Senior Legislative Representative Larry Edwards Alaska Forest Campaigner Mark Floegel Senior Investigator Mike Johnson Senior Analyst Phil Kline Senior Oceans Campaigner Phil Radford Executive Director Rick Hind Legislative Director Rolf Skar Senior Forest Campaigner Robert Gardner Coal Campaigner “Transboundary agreement spells disaster for the Gulf” Media release - February 22, 2012 http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/media-center/news-releases/Transboundary-agreement-spells-disaster-for-the-Gulf/ In response to theUnited States…said MsOlivera. fishing, overconsumption, and Cuba are alt-causes—their ev Brenner ‘8 – (Jorge Brenner, “Guarding the Gulf of Mexico’s valuable resources”, SciDevNet, 3-14-2008, http://www.scidev.net/en/opinions/guarding-the-gulf-of-mexico-s-valuable-resources.html) The economic embargo … this international resource. Individual ecosystems are resilient Ridder 2008 – PhD, School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania (Ben, Biodiversity And Conservation, 17.4, “Questioning the ecosystem services argument for biodiversity conservation”) *ES = environmental services That the low resilience …respect—is uncommon but not unheard of (e.g., Tudge 1989; Ghilarov 1996; Sagoff 1997; Slobodkin 2001; Western 2001). If they beat our resiliency claims, then legal remedies can’t solve oil spills – paradigm shift key—THEIR AUTHOR Craig 11 “Legal Remedies for Deep Marine Oil Spills andLong-Term Ecological Resilience: ¶ A Match Made in Hell”, Robin Kundis Craig, Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Environmental Programs, Florida State University College of Law, 12/20/2011, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW 176¶ The Deepwater Horizon Commission …and management. |
| 02/10/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Immigration will pass now The Hill, 1-28-2013, Landscape shifts on immigration A bipartisan group of senators on ... find a long-term solution. Deep divisions mean plan requires capital Christine McEntree, Executive Director, American Geophysical Union, "Science, Politics, and Public Opinion," NATIONAL JOURNAL, Energy Experts Blog, 8--15--12, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php?comments=expandall#comments As convenient as it would be ... bipartisan support for a given bill. Political capital is key. Dallas Morning News, 1-2-2013, p. www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece The president’s words to NBC’s David ... an interview on Meet the Press Sunday Immigration reform key to economy -~-- numerous reasons. -~--Innovation -~--Investment capital -~--Aging workforce Huffington Post, 2-7-2013, Why Our Economy Demands Immigration Reform, p. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathanmiller/immigration-reform-economy_b_2639092.html When it comes to restoring strong ... which is clearly far too low. US growth is key to global economic recovery Caploe 09 (David, PhD in International political economy from Princeton, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,” The Straits Times, 8/2/12) IN THE aftermath of the G ... must certainly help. This crisis began Global nuclear war. Kerpen ‘8 National Review Online, October 28, 2008 Phil Kerpen, policy director for Americans for Prosperity From Panic to Depression?, http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=OWQ3ZGYzZTQyZGY4ZWFiZWUxNmYwZTJiNWVkMTIxMmU= It’s important that we avoid all ... armed conflicts on an even greater scale |
| 02/10/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Solvency Shale gas has peaked, aff creates a bubble
Aeberman 12 Gas Boom Goes Bust The Oil Drum The Alternative Energy Matrix After The Gold Rush: A Perspective on Future U.S. Natural Gas Supply and Price Posted by aeberman on February 8, 2012 - 11:05am http://www.theoildrum.com/node/8914?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+theoildrum+%28The+Oil+Drum%29andutm_content=Google+Reader#ixzz1u9ppFnMt A secular shift has occurred in ... grow to meet future needs. Reserves overestimated
Yves Smith 12 (Finance expert, Monday, May 7, 2012 Shale Gas Hype: Subprime 2.0? http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2012/05/shale-gas-hype-subprime-2-0.html If my RSS reader is any ... cost of shale gas is recognized. Regs won’t be implemented until 2015 and its cheap
Weeks 12 New Rules for Gas: Good Policy, Delayed By Ann Weeks Senior Counsel, Clean Air Task Force Regulating Natural Gas: What's the Right Balance? By Amy Harder energy and environment reporter, National Journal April 23, 2012 | 6:00 a.m. http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/04/regulating-natural-gas-whats-t.php The bad news is that the ... simply not justified on the facts. Squo solves and restrictions irrelevant- prices too low to incentivize drilling
Harder, 12 -- National Journal energy correspondent
(Amy, "The Price Isn't Right," National Journal Daily AM, 1-31-12, General OneFile) For the United States to really ... very low price of natural gas." Warming Good: 1NC (1:40) ONE--Agriculture
A--CO2 solves food crisis, kills millions—tech can’t keep up
Dr. Craig D. Idso, ESTIMATES OF GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION IN THE YEAR 2050: WILL WE PRODUCE ENOUGH TO ADEQUATELY FEED THE WORLD, Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, 6—15—11, p. 30-31. As indicated in the material above ... growing of CO2-loving cultivars. B--food crisis outweighs warming—massive wars, turns biosphere
Dr. Craig D. Idso, ESTIMATES OF GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION IN THE YEAR 2050: WILL WE PRODUCE ENOUGH TO ADEQUATELY FEED THE WORLD, Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, 6—15—11, p. 31-32. In light of the host of ... before any such actions are taken. TWO--CO2 solves ice age--extinction
David Deming, Associate Professor, Arts and Sciences, University of Oklahoma, “The Coming Ice Age,” AMERICAN THINKER, 5—13—09, www.americanthinker.com/2009/05/the_coming_ice_age.html, accessed 5-27-11. In northern Europe, the Little ... takes both climate scenarios into consideration. THREE--Negative feedbacks check
NIPCC, Nongovernment International Panel on Climate Change, CLIMATE CHANGE RECONSIDERED, Craig Idso, S. Fred Singer, Warren Anderson, J.Scott Armstrong, Dennis Avery, Franco Battaglia, Robert Carter, Piers Corbyn, Richard Courtney, Joseph d’Aleo, Don Easterbrook, Fred Goldberg, Vicent Gray, Williams Gray, Kesten Green, Kenneth Haapala, David Hagen, Richard Alan Keen, adhav Khandekar, William Kininmonth, Hans Labohm, Anthony Lupo, Howard Maccabee, M.Michael MOgil, Christopher Monckton, Lubos Motl, Stephen Murgatroyd, Nicola Scafetta, Harrison Schmitt, Tom Segalstad, George Taylor, Dick Thoenes, Anton Uriarte Gerd Weber, 2009, p. 3. Chapter 2. Feedback Factors and ... , immunization, and genetic selection.
FOUR--ecosystems resilient
NIPCC 11 (Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change. Surviving the unprecedented climate change of the IPCC. 8 March 2011. http://www.nipccreport.org/articles/2011/mar/8mar2011a5.html) In a paper published in Systematics ... to wide amplitude fluctuations in climate." Defense: Manufacturing Adv 1NC No impact to heg
Peace is not because of the U.S. – only logical explanation is states want peace – the fact there is peace without hegemony proves other factors outweigh – empirics only prove our claim
Theoretically if other people wanted war – us couldn’t stop them, thus people just don’t want war
There is peace where the u.s. isn’t which means there is obvi something else at play
Even when hegemony decreased, war still decreased which means that they’re not related
Fettweis 10 – Professor of national security affairs @ U.S. Naval War College (Chris, Georgetown University Press, “Dangerous times?: the international politics of great power peace” Google Books) Jacome Simply stated, the hegemonic stability ... United States was no less safe. History disproves effective deterrence
Kober 10 - a research fellow in foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute (Stanley, June 13, “The Deterrence Illusion” http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=11898) Jacome The world at the beginning of ... Asia a half-century ago. Interdependence checks
Eskildsen 09 (Robert, Assistant Professor of Japanese History – Smith College “Whither East Asia? Reflections on Japan’s Colonial Experience in Taiwan”, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 3-22, http://japanfocus.org/-Robert-Eskildsen/2058) The Meiji Restoration gave Japan the ... conflicts stand out as particularly troublesome. Empirically denied no Mideast escalation Fettweis 07 Asst Prof Poli Sci – Tulane, Asst Prof National Security Affairs – US Naval War College, (Christopher, “On the Consequences of Failure in Iraq,” Survival, Vol. 49, Iss. 4, December, p. 83 – 98) Without the US presence, a ... far more likely than outright warfare. No war – mutually assured destruction Economic Times 11 (May 17th, 2011 “No chance of Indo-Pak nuclear war despite 'sabre rattling': Pak nuclear scientist A Q Khan”) http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-17/news/29552014_1_nuclear-blackmail-nuclear-secrets-india-and-pakistan NEW YORK: Pakistan's disgraced nuclear ... subjected to embargoes," he said. Chemical industry resilient
CNI 8 (Chemical News and Intelligence, “This Week in ICIS Chemical Business”, 8-18, Lexis) Engineering and construction companies are expanding ... emissions and the lowest capital cost. Nuclear primacy is irrelevant – other countries won’t try to close the gap
Sauer – IR, University of Antwerp – ‘7
Tom, Correspondence: The Short Shadow of U.S. Primacy?, International Security, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Winter 2006/07), pp. 174–193
The U.S. nuclear ... and relegates nuclear primacy to irrelevancy. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Incentives Exclude Procurement: 1NC Financial incentives are grants or loans—government purchases are distinct. Menz, 5 - Faculty of Economics and Finance, School of Business, Clarkson University, Bertrand H. Snell Hall, Potsdam, NY, also from the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Oslo (CICERO), Norway (Fredric, “Green electricity policies in the United States: case study,” Energy Policy, December, Science Direct)Italics in original There is considerable variation among states ... market support for renewable energy technologies. Vote neg Limits—government procurement allows tons affs dealing with the military, government research facilities and almost any government service, exploding the topic making deep debate and predictable ground impossible. Ground—most topic arguments assume a private-sector based increase in energy production like investment tradeoffs, environmental DAs or condition the company CPs, government procurement dodges all these. extra topicality—they incentivize reactor say mor mir Substantial: 1NC A. Interpretation --- a topical AFF must increase financial incentives by 2%. Substantial is 2%
Words and Phrases, 1960, p. no page. 'Substantial" means "of ... . 557, 42 Ohio App. Increase is to make greater
Encarta World English Dictionary, 2007, http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861620741 make or become larger or greater ... in number, quantity, or degree "Financial incentives for energy production" include RandD tax credits, loan guarantees, and general tax credits.
Book 11 Managing Director, ClearView Energy Partners, LLC
Kevin, Testimony before U.S. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS,
SUBCOMMITTEES ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES AND OVERSIGHT, SEPTEMBER 22, http://waysandmeans.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Booktestimony922.pdf Incentive cost ratios, implied abatement ... instead of tax credits or deductions). B. Violation --- the plan fails to spend 480 million, which is 2% of current financial incentives for energy production.
CBO, March 2012, Federal Financial Support for the Development and Production of Fuels and Energy Technologies, p. www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/03-06-FuelsandEnergy_Brief.pdf The federal government has provided various ... , and manufacturers of solar equipment. C. Prefer our interpretation --- - Limits: lots of affs are strategic when the neg loses the CP ground to solve the case with insubstantial funds.
2. Ground: the plan is no larger than normal fluctuations, eliminating unique disads. 3. Precision: incentives are quantifiable, and math is the clearest brightline. And, 2% is a very low threshold. 4. Grammar: the topic says “increase financial incentives for energy production,” not “financial incentives for a particular type of energy.” D. Voting issue, or the aff will win every debate with a new unpredictable aff. Only competing interpretations avoids judge intervention. EU CP: 1NC (General) (1:15 Text: The European Union should give substantial incentives to and build nuclear powered icebreakers modeled on the hyperion power module reactors surface combatant ships docked in accordance with the Expansive Shipbuilding Plan project within the United States The status of the CP is unconditional. We will always advocate it. However, we believe arguments like 50 state fiat or international fiat only test the extent of fiat. We can still advocate a CP that has no effect. The Euratom treaty provides the framework for nuclear incentives—but it’s on the brink of collapse
European Commission Last Modifed 3-21-13 “Think about it...” http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/euratom/index_en.cfm?pg=intro Fifty years ago the Euratom Treaty ... and respects the Earth's natural resources. counterplan reinvigorates EU nuclear leadership—aff trades off and kills EU soft power
By Francesca Giovannini February 19, 2013 Francesca Giovannini is a Post-Doc MacArthur Nuclear Fellow jointly appointed to CISAC and the Europe Center. She earned a PhD from the University of Oxford and has two Master Degrees from the University of California Berkeley. From 2000 to 2005, Francesca served the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the United Nations in Gaza, Turkey and Lebanon. . “A Soon-To-Be Global Nuclear Leader? The European Union in Global Nuclear Politics” http://fsi.stanford.edu/news/a_soontobe_global_nuclear_leader__the_european_union_in_global_nuclear_politics_20130219/ Since its inception, the European ... , timid decisions and compromised policies.
EU nuclear leadership key to safe nuclear power worldwide-solves prolif, iran agression and soft power
By Danila Bochkarev 9 Danila Bochkarev is the project manager for energy security at the EastWest Institute. “How to stop the nuclear renaissance becoming a nightmare”- 02.04.2009 / 04:58 CET http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/imported/how-to-stop-the-nuclear-renaissance-becoming-a-nightmare/64490.aspx A new nuclear order would make ... energy security and tangible commercial benefits. breakout prolif causes nuke winter and extinction
Diesendorf 11 (Mark, Australian academic and environmentalist, teaches Environmental Studies at the University of South Wales, “Demystification of Nuclear Energy” D!ssent No.36, Spring 2011, 13-18) http://www.ies.unsw.edu.au/docs/DemystificationNuclearEnergyMD.pdf Nuclear power station disasters can be ... greater the probability of nuclear war. DoD Tradeoff: ICT 1NC (1:00 DISAs IT budget is funded now but on the chopping block
AOL 11-2 Staring Over Financial Cliff: Preparing For IT Budget Cuts Across The Board By Wyatt Kash Published: November 2, 2012 http://gov.aol.com/2012/11/02/staring-over-financial-cliff-preparing-for-it-budget-cuts-acros/ With sequestration looming, and 2013 ... to get off the ground entirely. INSERT LINK DISA’s Joint Information Enterprise is at risk -- key to cybersecurity
Corrin 12 By Amber Corrin staff writer covering defense and national security “The bright side of budget cuts” Aug 29, 2012 http://fcw.com/Articles/2012/08/29/Warfighter-IT-budget-cuts-benefit-enterprise.aspx?Page=2 The shrinking resources are also forcing ... that entire space is absolutely critical.” Cyberterror causes accidental nuclear war
Cimbala 99 (Stephen, Professor of Political Science – Pennsylvania State University Delaware County Campus, Summer, Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal) The nuclear shadow over the information ... and deterrers could have unfortunate byproducts. Immigration 1NC It’ll pass but PC is key
Dann 3/27 (Carrie, Political Reporter, NBC News, “Obama optimistic on immigration legislation”, http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite, ) As a bipartisan group of senators ... , along with many other goals.” Plan causes a backlash and drain capital--changed political environment
Alex Trembath, policy fellow, New Energy Leader's Project, AEL, "Nuclear Power and the Future of Post-Partisan Energy Policy," LEAD ENERGY, 2--4--11, http://leadenergy.org/2011/02/the-nuclear-option-in-a-post-partisan-approach-on-energy/ Nuclear power is unique among clean ... legislation is not an impassable one. No shielding--seen as covert attempt to push clean energy
Snider, 2/23/12 (Annie – reporter for E and E, Military’s alt energy programs draw Republicans’ Ire, Greenwire, p. http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/02/23/2) But as election-year politics ... Pentagon officials flatly deny the allegations. Political capital is key.
Dallas Morning News, 1-2-2013, p. www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece The president’s words to NBC’s David ... an interview on Meet the Press Sunday Immigration reform key to STEM leadership and biotech innovation
Scullion ’13 (Christine, “Manufacturers Take the Lead In STEM Education”, January 8, http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/manufacturers-take-the-lead-in-stem-education/27254, ) The U.S. the ... US remains a global innovation leader. The impact is bioterror
Chyba 4 - Co-Director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), Stanford Institute for International Studies, and an Associate Professor at Stanford University Christopher and Alex Greninger, “Biotechnology and Bioterrorism: An Unprecedented World” Survival, 46:2, Summer 2004 In the absence of a comprehensive ... choose to direct their efforts elsewhere. Extinction
Steinbruner 97 John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, “Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses,” n109 p85(12), infotrac Although human pathogens are often lumped ... but not necessarily its outer limit. Defense: Arctic 1NC (:25) We only have 2 functioning icebreakers—can’t solve No arctic war
Dyer 12 (Gwynne Dyer, OC is a London-based independent Canadian journalist, syndicated columnist and military historian., His articles are published in 45 countries, 8/4/2012, "Race for Arctic Mostly Rhetoric", www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/columnists/race-for-arctic-mostly-rhetoric-164986566.html) Russian television contacted me last night ... that's a problem for another day. Subs check
Beckhusen 12 (Robert, national security writer for Wired, 8/9/12, “Russia and Canada Gear Up for Arctic Non-War” Wired) http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/08/arctic/ The logic behind Russia’s Arctic bases ... — and remote — territorial disputes. US won’t ever focus on the Arctic
Smith 11 (Colonel Reginald R. Smith, USAF, is Professor of National Security Affairs and Senior Developmental Education Student (Strategy and Policy) at the Naval War College, “A New Partnership Paradigm or the Next "Cold War"?”, 3rd Quarter, http://www.ndu.edu/press/arctic-new-cold-war.html) Global climate change is bringing about ... multilateral partnership paradigm in the region. Defense: Trade--1NC No impact to trade – ONE, it’s resilient
Rodrik ‘9 Dani Rodrik, Rafiq Hariri Professor of International Political Economy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. “The Myth of Rising Protectionism”. 2009. http://relooney.fatcow.com/0_New_5973.pdf The reality is that the international ... ready to confront this genuine threat. TWO, trade doesn’t stop war
Parlow and Chakrabati 9 Does trade promote peace? A new window in Economics Anton Parlow and Prof. Avik Chakrabati University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Department of Economics November 24, 2009 https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/aparlow/www/papers/conflict_2.pdf The regression results for the unrestricted ... useful interpretations of the parameter estimates. decline Doesn’t cause war
Miller 2k – Professor of Management, Ottawa (Morris, Poverty As A Cause Of Wars?, http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG4draft1.htm, AG) Thus, these armed conflicts can ... form of violence to abort another. No Obama protectionism
Lamont 10(James, Geithner vows to block protectionism, 7 April 2010, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/370f8d52-421b-11df-9ac4-00144feabdc0.html) Tim Geithner, US Treasury ... ourmarkets open under all that pressure.” 500 years of uranium
Steve Fetter 9, dean of the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy, “How long will the world's uranium supplies last?” January 26, 2009 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-long-will-global-uranium-deposits-last Steve Fetter, dean of the ... only the NEA-estimated supplies. seawater extraction solves
Will Ferguson 12:20 22 August 2012 (New Scientist, “Record haul of uranium harvested from seawater by http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22201-record-haul-of-uranium-harvested-from-seawater.html Lingering doubts over the future of ... to revisit developing the technology." markets solve
Johnson 9 (Keith Johnson, Wall Street Journal, “Peak Uranium: More Reasons to Worry About Powering the Nuclear Revival,” 12/10/09, http://blogs.wsj.com/environmentalcapital/2009/12/10/peak-uranium-more-reasons-to-worry-about-powering-the-nuclear-revival/) So is there cause for concern ... of developing technology to do it.” No risk of great power conflict over Africa
Barrett ‘5 Robert Barrett, PhD student Centre for Military and Strategic Studies, University of Calgary, June 1, 2005,
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID726162_code327511.pdf?abstractid=726162andmirid=1 Westerners eager to promote democracy must ... the intervening nation has very little interest |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Financial incentives are grants or loans—government purchases are distinct.
Czinkota et al 9—Associate Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University, Michael, Fundamentals of International Business, p. 69 – google books Incentives offered by policymakers to facilitate foreign investments are mainly of three types: fiscal
AND
import quotas, and local content requirements, and investments in infrastructure facilities. Vote neg Limits—government procurement allows tons affs dealing with the military, government research facilities and almost any government service, exploding the topic making deep debate and predictable ground impossible. Ground—most topic arguments assume a private-sector based increase in energy production like investment tradeoffs, environmental DAs or condition the company CPs, government procurement dodges all these. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
It’ll pass but PC is key
Dann 3/27 (Carrie, Political Reporter, NBC News, “Obama optimistic on immigration legislation”, http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite, ) As a bipartisan group of senators chips away at the remaining obstacles to an immigration
AND
hope that we will make that progress, along with many other goals.” Oil subsidies massively controversial
Froomkin ’11 (Dan, senior Washington correspondent for the Huffington Post, “How The Oil Lobby Greases Washington's Wheels”, 6/6, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/06/how-the-oil-lobby-greases_n_845720.html?view=printandcomm_ref=false, ) Ben Schreiber, a climate and energy tax analyst for Friends of the Earth,
AND
in tax breaks for the oil industry, that choice becomes much harder." Plan sucks up capital
Morgan, 11 (Curtis, Tampa Bay Times, “A year after Deepwater Horizon disaster, opposition to oil drilling fades” 4/18, http://www.tampabay.com/news/environment/a-year-after-deepwater-horizon-disaster-opposition-to-oil-drilling-fades/1164429) In Washington, the Obama administration has adopted what Interior Secretary Salazar called a"
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. We don't want to see it as a possibility at all.'' victor
sensible energy policy, such as increasing energy e⁄ciency and¶ boosting investment in research and development, are well known.¶ But others, including a better management system for the SPR¶ Political capital is key.
Dallas Morning News, 1-2-2013, p. www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece The president’s words to NBC’s David Gregory are only that — words. What will
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done.” President Barack Obama, in an interview on Meet the Press Sunday Immigration reform key to STEM leadership and biotech innovation
Scullion ’13 (Christine, “Manufacturers Take the Lead In STEM Education”, January 8, http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/manufacturers-take-the-lead-in-stem-education/27254, ) The U.S. the leading producer of cutting-edge products such as
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the right time will ensure that the US remains a global innovation leader. The impact is bioterror
Chyba 4 - Co-Director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), Stanford Institute for International Studies, and an Associate Professor at Stanford University Christopher and Alex Greninger, “Biotechnology and Bioterrorism: An Unprecedented World” Survival, 46:2, Summer 2004 In the absence of a comprehensive and effective system of global review of potential high
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dramatic results through biological programmes and would choose to direct their efforts elsewhere. Extinction
Steinbruner 97 John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, “Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses,” n109 p85(12), infotrac Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential weapons
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for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
The aff’s ontological commitment to security causes endless war and serial policy failure
Burke 2007 (Anthony Burke, Int'l Studies @ U of New South Wales, “Ontologies of War,” in Theory and Event, Vol. 10, Iss. 2) This tells us much about the enduring power of crude instrumental versions of strategic
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and violence as necessary policy responses, however ineffective, dysfunctional or chaotic. Reject the aff as an instance of the violent logic of security
Burke, School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland 2002 Anthony, Aporias of Security, Alternatives 27 It is perhaps easy to become despondent, but as countless struggles for freedom,
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is a world after security, and what its shimmering possibilities might be. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Text: The United States Federal Government should the plan if receiving parties agree meeting beneficial use standards for water consumption. Text: The United States federal government should offer the plan to investors/industries that agree to implement water usage efficiency measure during the process of the plan. Text: The USFG should offer the plan to investors/industries that use series of X specific technologies in the production of the plan. Oil shale recovery causes a spike in water consumption.
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) December 09 “Energy demandsOnWater resources”Report to congress On the interdependency of energy and water”, Original publication 2006 – CA Water Plan Update 2009 The U.S. is estimated to have two trillion barrels of oil in
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mining and processing or unless a vigorous program of carbon sequestration is implemented. conditioning energy production on water use efficiency solves and avoids the water DA
Roberta Mann (Dean’s Distinguished Faculty Fellow, and Professor of Law, University of Oregon) July 10 “Like Water for Energy: The Water-Energy Nexus Through the Lens of Tax Policy”, The Selected Works of Roberta F. Mann, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005andcontext=roberta_mann The government can influence behavior through economic instruments or the regulatory process. 249 Economic
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subsidized energy choices, before there is no more water under the bridge. insert link, or just read the net benefit below that kill US ag—causes price spikes, global instability
Goldenberg 12
Suzanne, The Guardian, “US drought could trigger repeat of global food crisis, experts warn”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/jul/23/us-drought-global-food-crisis America's drought threatens a recurrence of the 2008 global food crisis, when soaring prices
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means there is no room for manoeuvre for countries forced to import grains. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
The Department of Energy should recommend plan as part of a technology neutral options framework within the quadrennial energy review scheduled for 2015
Solves, key to create a national integrated energy policy
Moniz 11 (11-15S. Hrg. 112-188 QUADRENNIAL ENERGY REVIEW ACTSTATEMENT OF ERNEST J. MONIZ, CECIL AND IDA GREEN, PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, DIRECTOR, MIT ENERGY INITIATIVE, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE, MA http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72188/html/CHRG-112shrg72188.htm Reflecting on the nature of the energy enterprise, it's easy to see the
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QER is intended to facilitate this dialog within the reality of this complexity. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Oil Prices: 1NC Backstopping and speculation make high prices inevitable
Yetiv 12 (Steve A. Yetiv, a professor of political science at Old Dominion University, is the author, most recently, of “The Petroleum Triangle: Oil, Globalization, and Terror.”, 9/4/2012, "Is the Energy Boom a Mirage?", www.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/opinion/is-the-energy-boom-a-mirage.html?_r=1) But what does this oil boom really mean? Will it deliver lower oil prices
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fuels is hardly something to celebrate, given the urgency of climate change. US production is too expensive to decrease prices
Menenburg 12 - Aaron Menenburg 9-6-2012; graduate student in international relations at The Maxwell School of Syracuse University. “Let’s Get Real: Energy Independence is an Unrealistic and Misleading Myth” http://www.economonitor.com/policiesofscale/2012/09/06/lets-get-real-energy-independence-is-a-unrealistic-and-misleading-myth/ By 2030, the world is expected to consume over 100 million barrels of oil
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cost of domestic production would be more expensive than OPEC production by multiples. Econ: Prices 1NC Economy is resilient to high oil prices—5 reasons
Decressin 12 (Jorg, IMF Research Department, 5/25/12, “Global Economy Learns to Absorb Oil Price Hikes” International Monetary Fund) http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2012/num052512a.htm Despite a fourfold increase in oil prices over the past decade, the world has
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, with hydro, nuclear and renewables accounting for the remaining 10 percent. High oil prices stimulate the auto sector—that’s key to manufacturing and the economy
Evans 12 (Huw, staff writer, 2/28/12, “Could Higher Gas Prices Actually Stimulate Economic Growth?”) http://www.hybridcars.com/news/could-higher-gas-prices-actually-stimulate-economic-growth-41848.html “This enables U.S. producers to land gasoline in Mexico
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20 percent of the entire national manufacturing sector still depends on auto production. Oil Prices: Increasing F/L Oil prices will remain high enough to crush global economic recovery
Parkinson 3/22 (David, staff writer, 3/22/13, "Oil prices crippling to manufacturing activity – and economic recovery" Globe and Mail) www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/oil-prices-crippling-to-manufacturing-activity-and-economic-recovery/article10196577/ Thelong-overdue retreat in crude oil prices may provide a welcome break for consumers
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further, or demand will need to find new momentum from another source.” Defense: Econ--1NC decline Doesn’t cause war
Miller 2k – Professor of Management, Ottawa (Morris, Poverty As A Cause Of Wars?, http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG4draft1.htm, AG) Thus, these armed conflicts can hardly be said to be caused by poverty as
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by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another. resilient
Globe and Mail 2010 (5/31/10, BRIAN MILNER, "While gloom says bear, TIGER points to bull", lexis, WEA) Even at the height of the remarkable rebound of 2009 that brought stocks back from
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The reality, and the data, is that things are looking better." US economy decoupled from the world
Charles Hugh Smith,Of Two Minds, 1-6-12, p. Lexis It's possible that the U.S. economy can keep logging positive statistics even
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see-saw has broken or this is the mother of all divergences. Defense: Heg 1NC (short) Data disproves heg impacts
Fettweis, 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
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global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone. Can't solve--not sustainable
Christopher Layne, Professor, National Security, Texas AandM University, “This Time It’s Real: The End of Unipolarity and Pax Americana,” INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, 2012, Wiley, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00704.x/full, accessed 6-9-12. Before the Great Recession’s foreshocks in fall 2007, most American security studies scholars believed
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following World War II even as the material foundations of American primacy erode. SCS They don’t solve—internal link cards about competition are about meeting Chinese supply—they don’t solve that problem Fish are the root cause of South China Sea conflict
Kleine-Ahlbrandt 12 (Stephanie, North East Asia Project Director and China Adviser at International Crisis Group, 6/25/12, “Fish Story” Foreign Policy) http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/06/25/fish_story?page=0,0 Bad weather was good news in Scarborough Shoal, a contested chain of rocks and
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stocks through Southeast Asia, fishermen are venturing out further into disputed waters. South China Sea conflict won’t escalate
Goldstein 11, Lyle, associate professor in the China Maritime Studies Institute at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, R.I. He is co-editor of the recent volumes China, the United States and 21st-Century Sea Power: Defining a Maritime Security Partnership and Chinese Aerospace Power: Evolving Maritime Roles. “The South China Sea's Georgia Scenario,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/07/11/the_south_china_seas_georgia_scenario?page=0,2 The brutal truth, however, is that Southeast Asia matters not a whit in
AND - China has not resorted to a major use of force since 1979.
Interdependence checks
Perry and Scowcroft, 9 – *Professor at Stanford University, Resident Trustee of the Forum for International Policy (William and Brent, 2009, “US Nuclear Weapons Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations) Economic interdependence provides an incentive to avoid militaryconflictand nuclear confrontation. Although the United States
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Beijing-Washington relationship points toward potentially promising dialogues on larger strategic issues. China military too weak
Kumar 8-11-11 Vikas, Assistant Professor of Economics at Azim Premji University, Bangalore, “China’s Achilles’ Heels – Analysis,” http://www.eurasiareview.com/china%E2%80%99s-achilles%E2%80%99-heels-analysis-11082011/ In any case, even without binding regional constraints and collective action problem, China
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life cycle and the United States is not yet faced with precipitous decommissioning. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge: Water CP: Solves 2NC Conditioning on water efficiency shifts industry towards sustainability and resolves regulatory uncertainty
Gold and Bass, 10David and Jason, B.A. in
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PROFESSIONAL ARTICLE, Natural Resources Journal, Fall 2010, l/n Not all states in the Southwest have legislatively defined "beneficial use." In many
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production using water-efficient technology, which currently faces financial challenges. n166 now is key—federal action spurs shift
Carter, 10Nicole, Specialist in Natural Resources Policy, Energy’s Water Demand: Trends, Vulnerabilities, and Management, CRS, 11-24-2010, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41507.pdf The nation’s energy choices embody many tradeoffs. Water use is one of those tradeoffs
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responsible for managing and meeting water demands and resolving competition over water resources.
read only if theory is a problem
conditioning on water solves
this is another solvency advocate
Malik, 9Bandana Kaur, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Like Water for Energy, and Energy for Water, Environmental and Energy Study Institute, 8-1-2009, http://www.eesi.org/080109_water_energy Energy and water security are achievable, and with careful planning and efficiency measures,
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does not compete adversely with our ability to use water for essential purposes. Water DA: Overview--2NC food insecurity is a conflict escalator--most probable scenario for nuclear war
Future Directions International ’12 (“International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points Resulting from Food and Water Insecurity Global Food and Water Crises Research Programme”, May 25, http://www.futuredirections.org.au/files/Workshop_Report_-_Intl_Conflict_Triggers_-_May_25.pdf, ) There is a growing appreciation that the conflicts in the next century will most likely
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identify famine as a potential trigger for conflicts and possibly even nuclear war. * Food crisis causes destabilizes Russia and china
and india
Global Torchlight, (Global Torchlight, specialised consultancy advising on a full spectrum of international political and security issues, founding members include John C. Amble, former intelligence officer at the Defense Intelligence Agency, and David J. Chmiel, MA from the War Studies Department at King’s College London, "Drought, Rising Food Prices, and Political Instability," 8--20--12, http://globaltorchlight.com/?p=2289, accessed 11-6-12. Adverse climatic conditions this year in regions such as the United States, the Black
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attempts to sustain the country’s economic growth and attract further foreign investment capital. Russian instability causes global nuclear war
DimitriSimes, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “The Return of Russian History,” FOREIGN AFFAIRS, January/February 1994, p. 67+, LN. For the United States, neither Yeltsin's political future nor even the future of Russian
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on democratic legitimacy than on the support of the military and security services. Water DA: Food Prices Impact--Economy Increased food prices collapse the global economy
Asia Times 08
Asia Times, 6-11-08, “food summit overlooks price-surge ingredient,”
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JF11Dj04.html The cost, in the form of accelerating energy and food prices, will be
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in housing prices will be reached when economic desolation spreads and hyperinflation prevails. Water CP: Solves—A2 “Say No” Companies have solutions to comply with regulations in the pipeline – no way they say no.
Gies, 10
Erica, Turning to Water Conservation to Save Energy, IHT, 5-17-2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/18/business/energy-environment/18iht-renwat.html?pagewanted=all Mr. Griffiths-Sattenspiel, of River Network, said the proposed legislation seemed
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100 million in conservation practices, said Suzanne Fallender, a company spokeswoman.
Water CP: Competes--A2 "Perm Do the CP" (1:30
perm severs—reject the team, causes aff shiftiness which makes debate impossible - opportunity cost--Doing the plan forgoes the opportunity to tie the mandate to more efficient water practices
Birks, ‘99
Stuart Birks, senior lecturer in economics at Massey University in Palmerston North, New Zealand, in the Dept. of Applied and International Economics, “Opportunity Cost,” Economic Tools for Schools,” 199p, http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:_gBi~-~-PMxd4J:econ.massey.ac.nz/cppe/schools/etfs1.pdf+%22what+is+opportunity+cost%3F%22+%22choice+due+to+scarcity%22andhl=enandct=clnkandcd=1andgl=us
What is opportunity cost? The opportunity cost of a decision is commonly defined as
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for example. Hence it is a matter of choice due to scarcity. 2. Normal means—squo incentives for energy production ignores the water-energy nexus—that’s Mann—normal means key to neg predictability and pre round prep because the plan text is vague and doesn’t say what the aff does counterplan is abnormal means
Brian Hoyle(freelance science writer and editor based in Nova Scotia, Canada) March 13 08 “The energy-water nexus: deja-vu all over again?”, Nature Reports, http://www.nature.com/climate/2008/0804/full/climate.2008.22.html With US policymakers struggling to contemplate a future where oil pipelines sputter and water wells
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. It's the first step, and I don't think that has happened." Resolved means: - To make a firm decision about. 2. To cause (a person) to reach a decision. See synonyms at dec
American Heritage 2k AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: FOURTH EDITION. 2000. Available from the World Wide Web at: www.dictionary.com, accessed 3/31/06. UMBF
resolve
Should requires certainty
Nieto 09 Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009) “Should” is “used . . . to express duty, obligation,
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be allocated for the purpose of parents’ federal tax exemption to be mandatory). Substantial requires certainty
Words and Phrases '25
Judicial and statutory definitions of words and phrases, Volume 7, p. 6738 The words “outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive
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Bass v. Pease, 79 Ill. App. 308, 318. Water CP: Competes--A2 “Perm Do Both” Perm is voluntary and fails – only tying efficiency to the incentive solves.
UNDESA, 6United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division for Sustainable Development, Policy Integration and Analysis Branch, SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION: ENERGY AND INDUSTRY, Energy and Industry, Background Paper No. 3, http://www.un.org/esa/desa/climatechange/document/energyefficiency.pdf 67. Negotiated agreements between government and industry to improve energy efficiency are playing a
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for non-compliance have achieved both wide participation and strong results. 37 |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Econ: Prices Ext. #1—Resilient US economy is resilient to high oil prices—past year proves
Zumbrun and Varghese 12 (Joshua and Romy, reporters, 5/9/12, “Fed’s Plosser Says U.S. Economy Proving Resilient to Shocks” Bloomberg News) http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-09/fed-s-plosser-says-u-s-economy-proving-resilient-to-shocks.html Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank President Charles Plosser said the U.S. economy has
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proved resilient and growth picked up in the second half of the year.” Defense: Econ--Ext 1--No War 2NC No wars
Studies prove—carnegie endowment studied 78 economic collapses in 22 countries and none were coorelated with lashout or instability—collapse breeds cooperation
That's Miller empirically denied—11 recessions since world war 2 More recent studies
Tir 10 Jaroslav Tir - Ph.D. in Political Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and is an Associate Professor in the Department of International Affairs at the University of Georgia, “Territorial Diversion: Diversionary Theory of War and Territorial Conflict”, The Journal of Politics, 2010, Volume 72: 413-425), Ofir Empirical support for the economic growth rate is much weaker. The finding that poor
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systemic problems plaguing the country (i.e., an underperforming economy). Empirically denied – recession.
Barnett, senior managing director of Enterra Solutions LLC, 8/25/2009, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx When the global financial crisis struck roughly a year ago, the blogosphere was ablaze
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great resilience of America's post-World War II international liberal trade order. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
Disad outweighs --- Magnitude --- bioterror causes extinction --- 1NC Steinbruner. Compartively worse than nuclear war because pathogens adapt and cannot be controlled. And they’re worse.
Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10. The risks from anthropogenic hazards appear at present larger than those from natural ones.
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may increase as biotechnologies continue to improve at a rate rivaling Moore's Law. Imm K Worker shortages gut OCS drilling
Sixel 12 -- Fuel Fix writer L.M., "Drilling company looks high and low for workers," Fuel Fix, 12-10-12, fuelfix.com/blog/2012/12/10/drilling-company-looks-high-and-low-for-workers/, accessed 2-6-12, mss Drilling company looks high and low for workers How hot is offshore drilling? So
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up to 28 days straight on a drilling rig half a world away. CIR Good: Competitiveness 1NC Key to the economy, competitiveness, and hegemony
Shapiro 3/27 --- president and CEO of the Consumer Electronics Association, the U.S. trade association representing more than 2,000 consumer electronics companies (Gary, “Tech Executives: Immigration Reform a Top Priority”, http://www.forbes.com/sites/garyshapiro/2013/03/27/tech-executives-immigration-reform-a-top-priority/, ) Today I join hundreds of leaders in business, finance, technology and policymaking in
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global leadership, and reforming our country’s immigration law is the first step. CIR Good: Nurses--Bioterror (A2 "Aum Shinrikyo Disproves") Threat is real and growing--Aum Shinrikyo would have eventually succeeded if not caught by the authorities
Rita Grossman-Vermaas, Brian D. Finlay, and Elilzabeth Turpen, Ph.D., OLD PLAGUES, NEW THREATS: THE BIOTECH REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY, Henry L. Stimson Center, March 2008, p. 2-4. There is also precedent for the use of pathogens and toxin as bioweapons by sub
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forming bacterium that causes anthrax through the US postal system in October 2001. CIR Good: Nurses--Bioterror (A2 "Hard to Build") Bioweapons are easy to build, materials are readily available Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, (WMD Comission)THE CLOCK IS TICKING: A PROGRESS REPORT ON AMERICA'S PREPAREDNESS TO PREVENT WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION PROLIFERATION AND TERRORISM, 10-21-09, p. 6. It is essential that the U.S. government move more aggressively to address
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therefore take a fundamentally different approach than has been used for nuclear weapons. CIR Good: Nurses--Bioterror (A2 "Tech Barriers") Tech is easy now--well-advanced past prior-terror failures
Judith Miller, contributing editor, "Bioterrorism's Deadly Math," CITY JOURNAL, Fall 2008, pp. 53-61. Those who regard such weapons as permanently beyond terrorists' capability should bear in mind that
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. "The tools of biotechnology have jumped light-years since then." Immigration Uniq: 2NC
Obama’s push secures passage in both houses – top priority
Fabian 3/27 (Jordan, “President Obama Expects Immigration Bill In April”, http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/immigration-reform-obama-expects-bill-april/story?id=18825428andsinglePage=true#.UVO8Dhw4vzw, ) President Obama expects an immigration bill to come before the Senate next month and voiced
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voters, who have largely abandoned the party during the past eight years.
Will pass --- labor unions are on board.
Reuters 3-28, p. www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/usa-immigration-wages-idUSL2N0CK1VX20130328 U.S. labor unions said on Thursday they were closer to resolving problems
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visas will be issued per year, according to the AFL-CIO. CIR Will Pass: 2NC CIR will pass, but it will be close—Obama PC key. Gary Martin, Staff Writer, “Immigration reform gaining support in Congress,” CONNECTICUT POST, 3-28-2013, http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Immigration-reform-gaining-support-in-Congress-4393187.php. A Republican Party in desperate search for relevance to Latino voters. An expanded Democratic
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experiences along the way," said Frank Sharry, America's Voice executive director. Immigration reform barely passes because Obama’s spending capital. Charles Castaldi, Staff Writer, “LA Archbishop Gomez keeps Mahony’s promise to push for immigration reform,” KPCC – CALIFORNIA PUBLIC RADIO, 3-27-2012. President Obama said he expects Congress to introduce an immigration reform bill next month.
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, Gomez’s low key lobbying might be a better fit for the times. CIR Will Pass: Top of Docket Obama PC puts immigration at the top of the docket
Jennifer Epstein, "Obama Renews Push on Immigration Reform," POLITICO, 3--27--13,
www.politico.com/politico44/2013/03/obama-renews-push-on-immigration-reform-160372.html President Obama sought to refocus the political conversation on immigration reform Wednesday in interviews with
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added on Univision. "Hopefully we'll be able to get it done." Immigration Internal: A2 “Agencies Shield” Agency action links to politics
Thomas McGarity, Professor, Law, University of Texas, "Administrative Law as Blood Sport: Policy Erosion in a Highly Partisan Age," DUKE LAW JOURNAL v. 61, 5--12, LN. The interchange-fee rulemaking experience illustrates how stakeholders in high-stakes rulemakings have
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Part probes these, among other, contours of blood-sport rulemaking. Their mechanism still links--now highly politicized
Thomas McGarity, Professor, Law, University of Texas, "Administrative Law as Blood Sport: Policy Erosion in a Highly Partisan Age," DUKE LAW JOURNAL v. 61, 5--12, LN. In this Article, I raise the possibility that the nation has entered a period
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and to begin thinking about the implications of these developments for the field. Presidents will get blame for agency actions.
Peter J. Wallison, Resident Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, 1-1-03, A Power Shift No One Noticed, American Enterprise Institute, p. http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.15652/pub_detail.asp Control over independent regulatory agencies has traditionally resided with Congress, which created all of
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H. Donaldson, as a member of the Bush "economic team." A2 no spillover6
Nope
Judson Berger, 3/4/13, Recurring budget crises could put squeeze on Obama's second-term priorities, www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/04/recurring-budget-crises-could-put-squeeze-on-obama-second-term-priorities/ But while administration officials have insisted that Washington can walk and chew gum, the president's first term stands as a cautionary tale. The president devoted his political capital and time to passing the health care overhaul, while other legislative items were pushed off. Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/04/recurring-budget-crises-could-put-squeeze-on-obama-second-term-priorities/#ixzz2Oyq8Jyo7 1NC Oil Hurts Obama: Drilling Plan sucks up capital
Morgan, 11 (Curtis, Tampa Bay Times, “A year after Deepwater Horizon disaster, opposition to oil drilling fades” 4/18, http://www.tampabay.com/news/environment/a-year-after-deepwater-horizon-disaster-opposition-to-oil-drilling-fades/1164429) In Washington, the Obama administration has adopted what Interior Secretary Salazar called a"
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. We don't want to see it as a possibility at all.'' Oil Hurts Obama: A2 "Link Turn--General" No turns---liberals hate the plan and conservatives won’t give Obama credit for it
Bryan Walsh, "Why Obama's Offshore Drilling Plan Isn't Making Anyone Happy," TIME, 11--9--11,
http://science.time.com/2011/11/09/why-obamas-offshore-drilling-plan-isnt-making-anyone-happy/#ixzz26snhDbbI Nonetheless, Obama has set a target of reducing U.S. oil imports
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with so many other issues for Obama, it’s lonely at the center. Oil Hurts Obama: A2 "Link Turn--Price Effects" Link turn takes too long to be perceived
Washington Times, 4-4-12, Gas prices imperil Obama re-election bid, p. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/apr/4/gas-prices-imperil-obama-re-election-bid/print/, accessed 8-25-2012 "The Obama campaign knows that high gas prices can sink his presidency," said
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win the rhetorical argument, it's not good news for his job security." Immigration Internal: PC Key 2NC Political capital is key to winning over House Republicans.
NY Times, 2-4-2013, p. www.nytimes.com/2013/02/04/opinion/keller-selling-amnesty.html?pagewanted=print Let’s assume that President Obama and the Democrats sincerely want an immigration bill, that
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Republican House will require close attention to substance, marketing and legislative tactics. Capital’s key
Michael Shifter, President, Inter-American Dialogue, "Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road," REVISTE IDEELE, 12--27--12, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=3186 Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US’s shameful and broken immigration
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needed -- would take away energy and time from other priorities like immigration. Political |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Michigan AP | Judge:
China: Ext. #5—Fish Alt Cause Fish are the main cause of South China Sea conflict—China, the Philippines, and Vietnam are all heavily dependent on ocean fishing as an economic resource—it’s an even bigger deal than oil. Means even if the plan resolves Chinese energy security, it won’t solve conflict because the nations will just continue to fight over fish—that’s Kleine-Ahlbrandt. Fish will cause conflict—internal factors in China and Vietnam make competition inevitable
Rogers 11 (Will, Bacevich Fellow at the Center for a New American Security, “A Note About Resources and Conflict in the South China Sea and Beyond” Center for a New American Security) http://www.cnas.org/blogs/naturalsecurity/2011/11/note-about-resources-and-conflict-south-china-sea-and-beyond.html Let’s briefly look at competition between Vietnam and China over access to fisheries in the
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South China Sea; these ones mentioned are just meant to be illustrative. Island dispute is about sovereignty, not oil
Ramzy (their ev) 12 Austin, Beijing correspondent for TIME.“Tensions with Japan Increase as China Sends Patrol Boats to Disputed Islands.” TIME, September 14, 2012. http://world.time.com/2012/09/14/tensions-with-japan-increase-as-china-sends-patrol-boats-to-disputed-islands On Friday China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs described the patrol as a “rights defense
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deflects public attention from the failings and frustrations of living in a dictatorship.” China: Ext. #6—No SCS War No South China Sea escalation—the US doesn’t care enough to get drawn in, and China can get what it wants without force—means there’s no scenario for conflict—that’s Goldstein. Domestic = Ha China will import 70% of its oil within 2 years—EOR can’t make up the difference
Lee 12 (John, Summer 2012, "China’s Geostrategic Search for Oil" The Washington Quarterly) csis.org/files/publication/twq12SummerLee.pdf Coal still meets the majority of Chinese energy needs, providing about 70 percent of
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of the projected increase in global demand over the next few years.5 Defense: China-US War--Ext 1--Interdependence
Interdependence checks—china and the US are more intertwined than any other countries in the world—ensures conflicts won’t go nuclear—that’s Perry Strong statistical support—interdependence outweighs power transition
Hillebrand 10 (Professor of Diplomacy @ University of Kentucky and a Senior Economist for the Central Intelligence Agency, Evan E. Hillebrand, “Deglobalization Scenarios: Who Wins? Who Loses?”, Global Economy Journal, Volume 10, Issue 2) A long line of writers from Cruce (1623) to Kant (1797)
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for more fractious relations among states and the probability for interstate war rises. Chinese leaders are pragmatic
Goldstein 11—professor emeritus of IR, American U. PhD in pol sci from MIT. Former visiting professor emeritus at Yale (Sept 2011, Joshua, Think Again: War, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/think_again_war) What about China, the most ballyhooed rising military threat of the current era?
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(though being hostile and actually going to war are quite different things).
Defense: China-US War--Ext 2—US Wins China military is too weak—decades away from power projection, military systems still on drawing board and the US would win easily—that’s Kumar |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Mich DH | Judge:
1nc
T-incentives A. Interpretation --- a topical AFF must increase financial incentives by 2%. Substantial is 2%
Words and Phrases, 1960, p. no page. 'Substantial" means "of real worth and importance; of considerable value; valuable." Bequest to charitable institution, making 1/48 of expenditures in state, held exempt from taxation; such expenditures constituting "substantial" part of its activities. Tax Commission of Ohio v. American Humane Education Soc., 181 N.E. 557, 42 Ohio App. Increase is to make greater
Encarta World English Dictionary, 2007, http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861620741 make or become larger or greater: to become, or make something become, larger in number, quantity, or degree "Financial incentives for energy production" include RandD tax credits, loan guarantees, and general tax credits.
Book 11 Managing Director, ClearView Energy Partners, LLC
Kevin, Testimony before U.S. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS,
SUBCOMMITTEES ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES AND OVERSIGHT, SEPTEMBER 22, http://waysandmeans.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Booktestimony922.pdf Incentive cost ratios, implied abatement costs and implied displacement costs offer three possible ways
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(e.g. loan guarantees instead of tax credits or deductions).
B. Violation --- the plan fails to spend 480 million, which is 2% of current financial incentives for energy production.
CBO, March 2012, Federal Financial Support for the Development and Production of Fuels and Energy Technologies, p. www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/03-06-FuelsandEnergy_Brief.pdf The federal government has provided various types of financial support for the development and production
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advanced vehicles, generators of solar power, and manufacturers of solar equipment. C. Prefer our interpretation --- - Limits: lots of affs are strategic when the neg loses the CP ground to solve the case with insubstantial funds.
2. Ground: the plan is no larger than normal fluctuations, eliminating unique disads. 3. Precision: incentives are quantifiable, and math is the clearest brightline. And, 2% is a very low threshold. 4. Grammar: the topic says “increase financial incentives for energy production,” not “financial incentives for a particular type of energy.” D. Voting issue, or the aff will win every debate with a new unpredictable aff. Only competing interpretations avoids judge intervention.
T-energy prod Natural gas is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon gases and vapors below ground, including methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and hexane.
Hunt 79 Manager, Energy Systems Division, McLaughlin Research Corporation
V. Daniel, ENERGY DICTIONARY, p. 295 natural gas. Naturally occurring mixtures of hydrocarbon gases and vapors, found in porous geologic formations beneath the earth's surface, often in association with petroleum. The more important are methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and hexane. The energy content of natural gas is usually taken as 1032 British thermal units per cubic foot. Voter for limits
ANY type of gas
justify the farts aff Vagueness QER The Department of Energy should recommend plan as part of the quadrennial energy review Solves, key to create a national integrated energy policy
Moniz 11 (11-15S. Hrg. 112-188 QUADRENNIAL ENERGY REVIEW ACTSTATEMENT OF ERNEST J. MONIZ, CECIL AND IDA GREEN, PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING SYSTEMS, DIRECTOR, MIT ENERGY INITIATIVE, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE, MA http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72188/html/CHRG-112shrg72188.htm Reflecting on the nature of the energy enterprise, it's easy to see the
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QER is intended to facilitate this dialog within the reality of this complexity. States the 50 states and relevant territories should give substantial financial incentives for biogas production and coordinate to create uniformity States can implement every incentive imaginable Douglas ‘6 (Governor of Vermont (Jim and Earl Ray Tomblin, THE COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENTS RESOLUTION ON RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AT DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INSTALLATIONS http://www.csg.org/policy/documents/DoDRenewableEnergyResolution.pdf State governments can help encourage the development of renewable energy projects in many ways: (1) through financial incentives such as grants, loans, rebates, industry recruitment, bond programs, tax incentives and production incentives; (2) through regulatory incentives such as public benefits funds, renewable portfolio standards, net metering, extension analysis, generation disclosure, contractor licensing, equipment certification, solar/wind access laws, construction and design standards, required utility green power options and green power purchasing/aggregation policies. EU Trade deal US-EU trade deal will pass now and is a priority, but political capital is key --- revitalizes US-EU relations.
Business Day, 3-6, p. www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/analysis/commentary/52571-winning-the-transatlantic-trade-challenge US President Barack Obama’s announcement that negotiations will begin on a comprehensive “Transatlantic Trade
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agreement would not be seen solely as a victory for the Obama administration. Saps capital--radicals in each party oppose
Daniel Dicker, "Why Isn't Natural Gas an Election Issue," THE STREET, 9--14--12, www.thestreet.com/story/11684440/1/why-isnt-natural-gas-an-election-issue.html Why has this opportunity towards increased reliance on natural gas been so obvious and yet
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to wield enormous influence. Neither candidate has made natural gas a cornerstone of
Political capital is key.
Dallas News, 2-24, p. www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130224-editorial-european-trade-would-boost-u.s.-and-obama.ece American labor and environmental groups should like the pact as well. They generally are
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him to recast his legacy, much like presidents before him have done. Transatlantic relations are critical to prevent terrorism – including bioterror.
Daniel Hamilton, Director of the Center for Transatlantic Relations at Johns Hopkins University, June 11, 2003, Future of Transatlantic Relations, FDCH Congressional Testimony, p. lexis It is unlikely that a successful effort to strengthen homeland security can be conducted in
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preparedness, each side of the Atlantic is at greater risk of attack. Extinction results.
John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, “Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses,” n109 p85(12), infotrac Although human pathogens are often lumped with nuclear explosives and lethal chemicals as potential weapons
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for a global contagion of this sort but not necessarily its outer limit. Burke K The aff’s ontological commitment to security causes endless war and serial policy failure
Burke 2007 (Anthony Burke, Int'l Studies @ U of New South Wales, “Ontologies of War,” in Theory and Event, Vol. 10, Iss. 2) This tells us much about the enduring power of crude instrumental versions of strategic
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and violence as necessary policy responses, however ineffective, dysfunctional or chaotic. Reject the aff as an instance of the violent logic of security
Burke, School of Political Science and International Studies, University of Queensland 2002 Anthony, Aporias of Security, Alternatives 27 It is perhaps easy to become despondent, but as countless struggles for freedom,
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is a world after security, and what its shimmering possibilities might be. decline Doesn’t cause war
Miller 2k – Professor of Management, Ottawa (Morris, Poverty As A Cause Of Wars?, http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG4draft1.htm, AG) Thus, these armed conflicts can hardly be said to be caused by poverty as
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by increasing repression (thereby using one form of violence to abort another. resilient
Globe and Mail 2010 (5/31/10, BRIAN MILNER, "While gloom says bear, TIGER points to bull", lexis, WEA) Even at the height of the remarkable rebound of 2009 that brought stocks back from
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The reality, and the data, is that things are looking better." US economy decoupled from the world
Charles Hugh Smith,Of Two Minds, 1-6-12, p. Lexis It's possible that the U.S. economy can keep logging positive statistics even
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see-saw has broken or this is the mother of all divergences. Defense: Envt--Air Pollution 1NC No air pollution impact
Schwartz 6 Joel Schwartz is a visiting fellow at AEI and a Professor of Environmental Epidemiology at Harvard. "Getting Real on Air Pollution and Health," June 14, AEI, http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/contaminants/air/getting-real-on-air-pollution-and-health/
The EPA attributes well over 90 percent of the benefits of its clean air programs
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pollution at levels many times greater than ever occur in the United States. Defense: Envt—Water Pollution 1NC New systems check water pollution
Science Daily 11 "New Software Protects Water Utilities from Terrorist Attacks and Contaminants," July 25, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110725152925.htm
Americans are used to drinking from the kitchen tap without fear of harm, even though water utilities might be vulnerable to terrorist attacks or natural contaminants.
Now, thanks to CANARY Event Detection Software -- an open-source software developed by Sandia National Laboratories in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) -- public water systems can be protected through enhanced detection of such threats.
"People are excited about it because it's free and because we've shown that it works really well. We would love to have more utilities using it," said Regan Murray, acting associate division director of the EPA's Water Infrastructure Protection Division at the National Homeland Security Research Center.
The software tells utility operators within minutes whether something is wrong with their water, giving them time to warn and protect the public. And it's improving water quality by giving utility managers more comprehensive real-time data about changes in their water. SQ solves and no impact
Ronald Bailey 9 (originally published May 2000; republished July 2009) is the science editor for Reason magazine and his writings have been published at The Best American Science and Nature Writing and worked as an economist for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission “Predictions Of The ‘Overpopulation’ Alarmists: Wrong, Wrong, and Wrong Again” Monday, July 13, 2009 (Originally posted May 2000) http://www.prisonplanet.com/predictions-of-the-overpopulation-alarmists-wrong-wrong-wrong-again.html
Similar trends can be found when it comes to water pollution. The warning sign
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and water quality trends can be found in other developed countries as well. Defense: Envt—Soil Erosion 1NC tech solves
Jerry Taylor 93, Director of Natural Resource Studies at the CATO Institute, “The Growing Abundance of Natural Resources” in “Market Liberalism: A Paradigm for the 21st Century”, 1993, http://cato.org/pubs/chapters/marlib21.html Although conservationists argue that accelerating soil erosion will make those productivity gains short-lived
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would pose no serious threat to the productivity of the nation's soils.31 Defense: Warming 1NC (:45 Timeframe is 200 years and adaptation solves
Mendelsohn 9 – Robert O. Mendelsohn 9, the Edwin Weyerhaeuser Davis Professor, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, June 2009, “Climate Change and Economic Growth,” online: http://www.growthcommission.org/storage/cgdev/documents/gcwp060web.pdf These statements are largely alarmist and misleading. Although climate change is a serious problem
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range climate risks. What is needed are long‐run balanced responses.
It’s too late
Andreas Souvaliotis 12 (3-20, “Is It Too Late to Change Climate Change?” http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/andreas-souvaliotis/climate-change_b_1365449.html The alarm bells were going off 20 years ago at the Rio Summit but few
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we refocus our attention and energy on the things we can still affect? ecosystems are resilient
NIPCC 11. Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change. Surviving the unprecedented climate change of the IPCC. 8 March 2011. http://www.nipccreport.org/articles/2011/mar/8mar2011a5.html In a paper published in Systematics and Biodiversity, Willis et al. (2010
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the fossil record indicates remarkable biotic resilience to wide amplitude fluctuations in climate." China overwhelms
Richard Heinberg, senior fellow, "China Coal Update," Post Carbon Institute, 3--8--12, http://www.postcarbon.org/blog-post/747521-china-coal-update, accessed 4-9-12. Second, can the world save itself from a climate apocalypse unless China leads the
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the main hope for keeping climate change to merely “catastrophic” levels. Defense: Warming—A2 “Methane” No risk of massive methane release – too far underground to be triggered even in the next 1000 years
Andrew Revkin, staff writer, 12-14-2011, “Methane Time Bomb in Arctic Seas – Apocalypse Not,” NYT, http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/14/methane-time-bomb-in-arctic-seas-apocalypse-not/ A very important research effort has been under way during recent summers in the warming
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couple of scientists working on this gas before you run to the ramparts. Methane release, even in the worst case scenario, can’t kill us all
David Archer, professor in the Department of The Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago, 1-11-2012, “Much Ado About Methane,” Climate Central, http://www.climatecentral.org/news/partner-news/opinion-much-ado-about-methane We do know those methane deposits are seeping into the atmosphere, however. Andthe
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probably not be a huge player in climate change in the coming century. Defense: Disease--1NC Risk is decreasing, its hype and cures solve
Ridley 8/17/12 Matt Ridley, columnist for The Wall Street Journal and author of The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves, “Apocalypse Not: Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Worry About End Times,” http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/ff_apocalypsenot/all/ The emergence of AIDS led to a theory that other viruses would spring from tropical
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genome and devise a vaccine or cure is getting better all the time. Defense: Resource Wars--1NC No Resource Wars
trade, international institutions, nuclear and conventional deterrence, hegemony
Deudney, 1999 (Daniel, Asst Prof of Poli Sci at Johns Hopkins, Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics) Another major limitation of most studies on environmental conflict is that they rarely consider the
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and change will lead to interstate violence (see figure 8.1). Defense: Food Scarcity--1NC Food insecurity won’t cause war
Allouche 11 The sustainability and resilience of global water and food systems: Political analysis of the interplay between security, resource scarcity, political systems and global trade ☆ Jeremy Allouche Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK Available online 22 January 2011. At sub-national scales (i.e. the intra-state level
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insufficient production or availability but is usually linked to the politics of inequality. Tech development solves
Thompson 5/13/11 – Dr. Robert L. Thompson is a senior fellow for The Chicago Council on Global Affairs and professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “Proving Malthus Wrong, Sustainable agriculture in 2050” http://scienceblogs.com/tomorrowstable/2011/05/proving_malthus_wrong_sustaina.php Tools available today, including plant breeding and biotechnology, can make presently unusable soils
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impede, continued agricultural research and adoption of new technologies around the world. Defense: Monoculture 1NC Genetic diversity is resilient.
Harris 01 Jonathan, Tufts University Global Development and Environment Institute, A Survey of Sustainable Development, p 132-3 Why Has the World not Collapsed Long Ago? Given the possible instability of predator
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is not unlimited, and human adaptability is limited by specific environmental contexts. Defense: Econ--1NC California economy is resilient – Green Companies
Lacey 12 (Steven, “Recession Resilience: California’s Green Economy Doubled Performance of Total Economy During Downturn,” 2-8-12,
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/08/421119/california-green-economy-doubled-performance-of-total-economy/?mobile=nc) When times get tough, companies often fall back on an old familiar phrase:
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% growth in the rest of the economy during that period of time.
Defense: Econ--Manufacturing 1NC Collapse would be slow natural gas solves
Levitt 12 4 Winners From $2 Natural Gas Benefits reaching a number of sectors — and even consumers Apr 19, 2012, 8:51 am EDT | By Aaron Levitt, InvestorPlace Contributor http://www.investorplace.com/2012/04/4-winners-from-2-dollar-natural-gas/ A surge in drilling activity across America’s various shale formations has generated a glut of
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as well as $11.5 billion in cost savings by 2025. Manufacturing not key to the economy
Wessel 12 (David Wessel, economics editor of The Wall Street, “Manufacturing Industry Gained Momentum In 2011,” 1-19-12, http://www.npr.org/2012/01/19/145437593/are-more-u-s-manufacturing-jobs-being-created) WESSEL: Well, that's a good question. So basically, factories have added
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plus. But no, it's not enough to solve our unemployment problem. Defense: Heg 1NC (short) Data disproves heg impacts
Fettweis, 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
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global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone. Can't solve--not sustainable
Christopher Layne, Professor, National Security, Texas AandM University, “This Time It’s Real: The End of Unipolarity and Pax Americana,” INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, 2012, Wiley, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00704.x/full, accessed 6-9-12. Before the Great Recession’s foreshocks in fall 2007, most American security studies scholars believed
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following World War II even as the material foundations of American primacy erode.
Defense: Heg—Deterrence (Conventional) 1NC History disproves effective deterrence – ideology outweighs
Kober 10 - a research fellow in foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute (Stanley, June 13, “The Deterrence Illusion” http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=11898) Jacome The world at the beginning of the 21st century bears an eerie — and disquieting
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the US could not guarantee it in Asia a half-century ago. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Mich DH | Judge:
interp Conventional oil and natural gas production
US EIA no dateGlossary, http://205.254.135.7/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=A Conventional oil and natural gas production: Crude oil and natural gas that is produced by a well drilled into a geologic formation in which the reservoir and fluid characteristics permit the oil and natural gas to readily flow to the wellbore. Natural gas production
US EIA no dateGlossary, http://205.254.135.7/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=A Production, natural gas: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs less (
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This differs from "Marketed production" which excludes flared and vented gas.) solve gas states CP —Nicolas D. Loris 11 is a Policy Analyst in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation. Natural Gas Policy: Access, Not Over-Regulation and Subsidies Nicolas D. Loris Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2608 September 21, 2011 • Empower the states. The states with tremendous natural gas reserves have the most
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engage communities to effectively assess the economic benefits and manage any environmental concerns. suffic States: A2 “Fed Key--Market Confidence State policies are a better signal for investors
Sinclair, 10 (JD-Cornell andExecutive Director of Clean Energy States Alliance, “Federal Climate and Energy Legislation and the States: Legislative Principles and Recommendations for a New Clean Energy Federalism,” April http://www.cleanegroup.org/assets/Uploads/2011-Files/Reports/CEGCleanEnergyFederalismv3April2010.pdf) - States should and will remain the laboratories of experimentation and innovation on technology
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they know their markets, their market players and their barriers to success.
6. Bottom-up, distributed solutions that the states can provide have always
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based financing programs, and encouraging disruptive climate technology innovation. State Allowance Funding
For allowance funding to the states, Congress should:1. Rely on the
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reduce administrative costs and ensure coordinated technology commercialization activities across states and regions.
Viewed as more certain and predictable than the fed
Milford, 12 (President-Clean Energy Group, “Clean-Energy Finance to Beat Beltway Blues,” http://www.cleanegroup.org/blog/clean-energy-finance-to-beat-beltway-blues/) As the country looks for new sources of clean energy finance while Congress remains paralyzed, we might have missed the most obvious funders that have been right under our noses for years. They are the public infrastructure finance agencies all over America that know how to raise capital at the scale needed in this sector. In turn, Congress and the Administration should look to new policies to support this emerging, state-based infrastructure financing trend.
Hundreds of billions of dollars are needed scale up renewable energy, energy efficiency and
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investment strategy that does not rely so much on the whims of Washington. Empirics
Milford, 10
(President-Clean Energy Group, “Innovation to Infrastructure: Clean Energy without Cap and Trade,” November, http://www.cleanegroup.org/assets/Uploads/InnovationtoInfrastructureCEGPaper11.10.10final.pdf) Giventhis reality and the historical trends of state leadership in financing energy projects, the
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private investment in clean energy — a truly sensational public investment success story. States Theory: 50 State Fiat Good 2NC 50 State Fiat Good:
Interpretation: judge is a citizen evaluating possibilities
we only get uniform 50 state action with a solvency advocate OFFENSE - neg flex
—the topic is huge—hundreds of mechanisms for incentives and restrictions
--magnified by a list topic because mechanisms are different in the context of each fuel
--states is the only check on small affs
—they can choose their mechanism, they should have to defend it
--it’s fair to the aff—
-lots of fed key warrants like removing restrictions, DOD action, federal lands, international signal, or legal clarity
-our solvency ev proves it’s in the literature
-k2 reciprocity—they fiat through disorganized national response and bureaucracies 2. Advocacy skills—limiting decisionmaking to the USFG forcloses on more effective political strategies
Byrne, 8
Byrne, et al., 2008.
In Peter Droege eds. Urban Energy Transition: From Fossil Fuels to Renewable Power.
Oxford, UK: Elsevier Pps.27-53.
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware,
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shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors. The political momentum built in US cities, states and regions to initiate climate mitigation
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ballot of an RPS proposal in 2006 (Initiative and Referendum Institute 2007). 3. topic Education– the states CP IS THE TOPIC
Kay, 12
(Senior Extension Associate with the Community and Regional Development Institute-Cornell Dept. of Sociology, “Energy Federalism: Who Decides?,” http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/cals/devsoc/outreach/cardi/programs/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfileandPageID=1071714) Questions about energy production and consumption are acquiring renewed urgency in the 21st Century.
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metaphorical and genuine blood deciding what are essentially jurisdictional disputes between governmental institutions.”
A number of factors have raised these issues into greater prominence. Energy specific influences
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mobilized in the devolution, deregulation, privatization, and property rights movements.
In contrast, “progressive” movements evolved in response to increased globalization (of
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of debate about energy federalism are being cinched into an increasingly dense tangle. 4. predictability--we have a solvency advocate
Rabe 11 August 16, 2011Contested Federalism and American Climate Policy Barry G. Rabe Arthur Thurnau Professor Gerald Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-3091 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=4andved=0CJYEEBYwAwandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2FDelivery.cfm%3Fabstractid%3D1902998andei=7GbuT6PvF8ql8gPg7P2vDQandusg=AFQjCNEIITSPrNZZxG0In8curYVGgat9cw State Positioning. In anticipation of an expanded federal role, states began to position
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, each of which would tilt the intergovernmental system in very different ways.
5. effective policy analysis
Rabe, 8
(Prof of Public Policy-Ford School at Michigan, “States on Steroids: The Intergovernmental Odyssey of American Climate Policy,” Review of Policy Research, Vol. 25, Issue 2, March) Climate change has conventionally been framed as an issue that would be addressed by an
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recent experience to anticipate possible next directions (Selin and VanDeveer, 2007). 6. Reasonability –deter bad theory debates—at worst reject the argument not the team A2 “Logic”
a. Net benefits prove it tests an logical opportunity cost
b. illogical to limit decisionmaking to the USFG—key to test opportunity costs Turns decision-making—policy decisions lack meaning if they ignore the states’ role
Kay, 12
(Senior Extension Associate with the Community and Regional Development Institute-Cornell Dept. of Sociology, “Energy Federalism: Who Decides?,” http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/cals/devsoc/outreach/cardi/programs/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfileandPageID=1071714) New Yorkers are “spilling blood” - in the metaphorical sense suggested above -
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federalism for long term strategic concerns as well as short term tactical arguments. a2 “DA’s/Devol Solves”
don’t solve neg flex or advocacy A2 “CI—USFG Pressure States”
a. Pressuring states doesn’t solve states vs federal education
b. Links to neg flex because there is no mechanism for federal pressure on energy policy States CP research key to effective policy design
Shobe, 12
(Director-Center for Economic and Policy Studies and Professor of Public Policy-UVA, “Rethinking Environmental Federalism in a Warming World,” January, http://www.rff.org/rff/Documents/RFF-DP-12-04.pdf) In the next section of the paper we describe the tenets of environmental federalism as
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is known about the likely interactions among national and subnational strategies and policies. Choice of the actor shapes every level of policy effectiveness
Shobe, 12
(Director-Center for Economic and Policy Studies and Professor of Public Policy-UVA, “Rethinking Environmental Federalism in a Warming World,” January, http://www.rff.org/rff/Documents/RFF-DP-12-04.pdf) Because energy is used in every aspect of economic activity, the large reductions in
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harmonization of climate policies at the subnational level would be mandated or guaranteed. A2 “uniformity bad”
a. Uniformity solves their offense—arbitrary numbers of states skew aff strategy and spike out of state disad * Real world policy analysis- IOGCC, Natl governors assoc, interstate compacts on nuclear regulation prove Biering 8 – former Executive Fellow in the California Resources Agency (Brian, 23 J. Envtl. L. andLitig. 35) Federalism issues aside, the fundamental question policymakers need to resolve is whether it is more appropriate for the states to act now in the area of climate change, or whether the field should be simply left to the federal government to address in its own time. States: A2 “Links to Politics” -- acts as a “political sink”
Paul L. Posner, Professor and director of the Master's in Public Administration program. He came to George Mason after serving as Director of Federal Budget and Intergovernmental Relations at the Government Accountability Office. He received his PhD from Columbia University., “Climate Change and the States: The Politics of Policy Expansion”, Paper Delivered at the Midwest Political Science Association Meeting in Chicago, 2009
As we consider the complex policy and technical tradeoffs associated with climate change policy,
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be dealt with in ways that may generate greater consensus and less gridlock. Avoids political consequences
Prasad, 12
(Sociology Prof-Northwestern, “State-level renewable electricity policies and reductions in carbon emissions,” Energy Policy, Volume 45, June) Despite the hesitant pace of environmental policy at the national level, there is a
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has been the attempt to increase the generation of electricity from renewable sources. * -- is insulated
Rabe (Prof Public Policy @ U. of Michigan) 2004
Barry, Statehouse and Greenhouse: The Emerging Politics of American Climate Change Policy mac-tjc
But this is not what occurred in the states examined in this study. Instead
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policies with the potential to reduce greenhouse gas releases.p. 22 States informality means no political ramifications Rabe ‘4 (Barry G. Rabe. Statehouse and Greenhouse. Brookings Institution Press. Washington, DC. 2004. Pg 27. Second, state-level policymaking is often quite different from what occurs in Washington
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and infrastructure of established policies and interest group positions has not been created. States fly under political radar Celli ‘1 (Celli 1 – Chief of the Civil Rights Bureau, New York State Attorney General's Office (Andrew, 64 Alb. L. Rev. 1091) I also saw that state enforcement officers, like me and like Peter Lehner, with our small and agile offices operating below the national political radar, that we can use these federal laws in creative and aggressive ways and perhaps in a way that is insulated from the kinds of political pressure that, say, the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department faces |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge:
EU Trade Good: Impact 2NC And, Hamilton says poor relations makes cyber attacks inevitable – that causes accidental launch.
Stephen Cimbala, professor of political science at the Pennsylvania State University Delaware County Campus, Summer 1999, Armed Forces and Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal The nuclear shadow over the information age remains significant. The essence of information warfare
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or escalation. Unplanned interactions between infowarriors and deterrers could have unfortunate byproducts. Nuclear war.
Lachlan Forrow, MD, et al, “Accidental Nuclear War – A Post-Cold War Assessment”, New England Journal of Medicine, 1998, iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20625/acciden_nuke_war.pdf The direct toll that would result from an accidental nuclear attack of the type described above would dwarf all prior accidents in history. Furthermore, such an attack, even if accidental, might prompt a retaliatory response resulting in an all-out nuclear exchange. The World Health Organization has estimated that this would result in billions of direct and indirect casualties worldwide. US-EU Relations Good: Leadership US/EU relations key to US power projection, global stability, and the base of US leadership
Zbigniew Brzezinski, Counselor, Center for Strategic and International Studies, and Professor of American Foreign Policy, Johns Hopkins University, 2003 The Next American Century -- edited by Jeffrey T. Bergner -- p. 69 The transatlantic alliance is America's most important global relationship. It is the springboard for
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.-European relationship is managed, therefore, must be Washington's highest priority. Solves nuclear war.
Zalmay Khalilzad, RAND policy analyst, Spring 1995, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 2, “Losing the Moment?” Under the third option, the United States would seek to retain global leadership and
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to global stability than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system. US-EU Relations Good: Disease US European coop is key to solve infectious diseases
James B. Steinberg, Vice President and Director, Foreign Policy Studies, The Brookings Institution, Summer 2003 (Survival, vol. 45, no. 2, pg. 113-46) For those who had been predicting that strategic divergence between the United States and Europe
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freedom and prosperity, than if we try to achieve these goals alone. Spread of disease causes extinction (gender modified).
Col. William Fox, M.D., Commander of Bayne-Jones Army Hospital, Command Surgeon of the Joint Readiness Training Center, medical degree from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, Winter 1997-98, Parameters, Vol. XXVII, No. 4, “Phantom Warriors: Disease as a Threat to US National Security,” http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/97winter/fox.htm
HIV is a pandemic killer without a cure, and viruses such as Ebola-
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as seriously as the concern for deliberate use of weapons of mass destruction. US-EU Relations Good: Environment U.S.-EU relations are critical to saving the environment.
James B. Steinberg, Vice President and Director of Foreign Policy Studies @ Brookings Institution, Summer 2003 An Elective Partnership: Salvaging Transatlantic Relations -- Survival Yet, the objective realities of environment risk inevitably will force both the United states
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side seeks to line up supporters in both the developing and developed world. That causes extinction.
Major Diner, JAG Corps, United States Army, Winter 1994 (David, Military Law Review, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161, p. 170-173) Biological Diversity. -- The main premise of species preservation is that diversity is better
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wings, mankind humankind may be edging closer to the abyss. A2 Bioterror D New gene manipulation takes out your defense
MSNBC 2011 (“Clinton warns of bioweapon threat from gene tech,” pg online @ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45584359/ns/… “For an international verification system — akin to that for nuclear weapons — saying it is too complicated to monitor every lab's activities.”) GENEVA — New gene assembly technology that offers great benefits for scientific research could also
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for nuclear weapons — saying it is too complicated to monitor every lab's activities Bioterror: A2 “Won’t Happen” Asymmetric incentives and new technology make biowarfare comparatively the biggest threat
Thomas Preston, Professor, International Relations, Department of Political Science, Washington State University, FROM LAMBS TO LIONS: FUTURE SECURITY RELATIONSHIPS IN A WORLD OF BIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS, 2009, p. 4-11. To understand the new security threat environment, it is necessary to view it not
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biological weapons know-how due to our own personal or normative biases. EU Trade Uniq: Will Pass TTIP gets through Congress—Grassroots support, job creation, and momentum for increasing exports.
Stephen Kaufman 3/13/13. Staff Writer at US Embassy (IIP Digital) “U.S. on Track to Meet Goal of Doubling Exports” http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2013/03/20130313144042.html Speaking at a March 12 meeting of the President’s Export Council at the White House
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also it will grow support for this new global economy,” she said. TTIP passes: Business community
AFP 3/20/13 “Obama notifies Congress of US-EU trade talks” http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130320/obama-notifies-congress-us-eu-trade-talks The economic relationship between the US and EU is the world's largest, representing nearly
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, the Chamber's vice president for international affairs, said in a statement. Will pass now --- Congressional support.
Duluth News Tribune, 3-19, p. www.duluthnewstribune.com/event/article/id/261856/group/homepage/ The administration's top trade official outlined President Barack Obama's ambitious trade agenda to Congress today
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Marantis said. “We are ready to begin our work with you.” Will pass now --- US and EU support.
Boston Globe, 3-13, p. bostonglobe.com/business/2013/03/12/obama-european-union-officials-rally-support-for-landmark-trans-atlantic-free-trade-deal/OXjBCTY7qWoq13XcmpKNLJ/story.html President Obama and the top trade official for the European Union sought to rally support
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to dismantle quotas and subsidies designed to promote French films and cultural products. Trade deal is within reach
Gearan 3/27
(Anne, Washington Post, “Kerry promotes U.S.-European trade deal,” online: http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-27/world/38052592_1_trade-talks-global-trade-trade-agreement) President Obama highlighted the proposed agreement during his State of the Union address last month
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,” and he pushed French industrialists and others to be open-minded. Negotiations will move quickly
The Pig Site 3/19
(“EC Fires Starting Gun for EU-US Trade Talks,” online: http://www.thepigsite.com/swinenews/32637/ec-fires-starting-gun-for-euus-trade-talks) EU - The European Commission last week agreed the draft mandate for the Transatlantic Trade
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Barack Obama, European Commission President José Manuel Barroso and European Council President Herman EU Trade Internals: Obama Pushing Obama pushing the deal.
Dallas News, 2-24, p. www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130224-editorial-european-trade-would-boost-u.s.-and-obama.ece Presidents are often defined by the surprising moves they make, not the decisions that
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a mega-trade treaty with the 27 nations of the European Union. EU Trade Thumper Ans: Hagel Hagel won’t be a fight---DC press analysis doesn’t reflect reality
Josh Marshall 1-6, editor of Talking Points Memo, 1/6/13, “Crack Pipe,” http://talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/2013/01/crack_pipe_1.php I’m watching a lot of neoconservative policy activists and a lot of people in the
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assuming President Obama nominates him tomorrow, get ready for a Hagel Pentagon. Appointments don’t drain PC---empirics
Hutchinson 12/2 Earl Ofari, "Rice Nomination Fight Won't Drain President Obama's Political Capital, 2012, www.eurweb.com/2012/12/rice-nomination-fight-wont-drain-president-obamas-political-capital/ It won’t hurt him. All presidents from time to time face some backlash from
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likelihood of any lasting harm to the administration will be minimal to nonexistent. Opposition to Hagel is all hype—once he’s nominated his supporters and competence will be highlighted.
Drew 12—Elizabeth Drew, The New York Review of Books, 12/27/12, The Preemptive War on Hagel, http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/dec/27/preemptive-war-hagel/ Less known about this fight is that a much larger and more peace-oriented
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without notice. To the press, they are the planes that landed. It’s all hype---not spending PC
Steve Clemos, 12-28-2012, “Reading Tea Leaves of Political Appointments Not Yet Made,” The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/12/12/reading-tea-leaves-of-political-appointments-not-yet-made/266694 What I heard from my executive branch source made a lot of sense to me
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legally scripted process, and less of a nightmare for the potential nominee. EU Trade Thumper Ans: General Issues don’t cost political capital until they reach the finish line
Drum, 10 (3/30/2010, Kevin, Political Blogger, Mother Jones, http://motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2010/03/immigration-coming-back-burner) Not to pick on Ezra or anything, but this attitude betrays a surprisingly common misconception about political issues in general. The fact is that political dogs never bark until an issue becomes an active one. Opposition to Social Security privatization was pretty mild until 2005, when George Bush turned it into an active issue. Opposition to healthcare reform was milduntil 2009, when Barack Obama turned it into an active issue. Etc.
I only bring this up because we often take a look at polls and think
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it will probably tell you something different from what it tells you now.
Immigration was bubbling along as sort of a background issue during the Bush administration too
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forefront of people's minds." Maybe not. But they will be soon. EU Trade Internals: Top Docket Negotiations are beginning now --- 1NC Business Daily. Top priority.
The Hill, 3-4, p. thehill.com/blogs/on-the-money/1005-trade/286071-baucus-makes-us-eu-trade-deal-a-top-priority A top Senate Democrat is arguing that a trade deal forged between the United States
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be done now, and it must be done right," he wrote. Even if a deal is off in the future, negotiations are beginning now. Momentum now is key.
Global Post, 3-11, cites Karen De Gucht, EU Trade Commissioner, www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/130308/DeGucht-transatlantic-trade-deal-global-economy Nevertheless, it’s precisely those regulatory details that some worry will bog down the talks
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in June and try to finish it by the end of next year. Trade deal is within reach
Gearan 3/27
(Anne, Washington Post, “Kerry promotes U.S.-European trade deal,” online: http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-27/world/38052592_1_trade-talks-global-trade-trade-agreement) President Obama highlighted the proposed agreement during his State of the Union address last month
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,” and he pushed French industrialists and others to be open-minded. Negotiations will move quickly
The Pig Site 3/19
(“EC Fires Starting Gun for EU-US Trade Talks,” online: http://www.thepigsite.com/swinenews/32637/ec-fires-starting-gun-for-euus-trade-talks) EU - The European Commission last week agreed the draft mandate for the Transatlantic Trade
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Barack Obama, European Commission President José Manuel Barroso and European Council President Herman EU Trade Thumper Ans: Immigration Not top of docket, no pass, Obama's not pushing
Kathleeen Hennessey, "Obama Tries to Push Stalled Immigration Talks Forward," LOS ANGELES TIMES, 3--25--13, www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-obama-stalled-immigration-talks-20130325,0,7503326.story In January, Obama threatened to send his own bill to Congress if the group
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path to citizenship for illegal immigrants, the key requirement for any bill. No bill for months
Dann 3/27 (Carrie, Political Reporter, NBC News, “Obama optimistic on immigration legislation”, http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/27/17490075-obama-optimistic-on-immigration-legislation?lite, ) While the president is hopeful that a bill will move quickly through the legislative process
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two weeks — and will require hearings on every aspect of this issue." Not until end of year
Neyoy 2/8 (Cesar, “Grijalva: Debate on immigration may take time” Yuma Sun) http://www.yumasun.com/news/reform-85153-congress-immigration.html Congress could begin debate within six months on an immigration reform measure that could give
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we don't have any concrete proposal. We are practically starting from scratch.” Obama not pushing
AP 3/28/13 “Obama 'confident' immigration bill could pass by summer” http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/28/obama-says-immigration-bill-could-pass-by-summer/#ixzz2Ou00Qsb3 President Barack Obama pressed for swift action on a sweeping immigration bill Wednesday, saying
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of the Union address, then purposely handed off the effort to lawmakers. Energy Policy: No F/L No energy legislation—House and Senate can’t agree
Colman 3-28-13 (Zack, staff writer, "GOP lawmakers push to remove energy regulations" The Hill) thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/e2-wire/290783-gop-lawmakers-outline-agenda-for-energy-subpanel A House Energy and Commerce subcommittee says its primary goals for this Congress are getting
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some centrist Democrats, but likely not enough to be filibuster-proof. Energy Policy: No S/L No energy policy—too polarized
Gaby 3/21 (Keith, Environmental Defense Fund’s climate communications director, 3/21/13, “If You Can’t Stand the Heat: Why Washington is Stuck on Climate Change (Part 1)” EDF) http://www.edf.org/blog/2013/03/21/if-you-can%E2%80%99t-stand-heat-why-washington-stuck-climate-change-part-1 There is no point in being coy about this: The issue of climate change
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melt – we can’t wait decades for that super-majority to appear. No energy policy now—Keystone has been delayed indefinitely
Salmon 3/21 (Matt, staff writer, 3/21/13, “Why Is White House Stalling Energy Measures?” Investors) http://news.investors.com/ibd-editorials-viewpoint/032113-648876-white-house-drags-its-feet-on-energy.htm Why Is White House Stalling Energy Measures? It occurred to me recently that President
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,638 days with still no definitive timeline from the administration for approval. Topic Hurts Obama: 1NC Deep divisions mean plan requires capital
Christine McEntree, Executive Director, American Geophysical Union, "Science, Politics, and Public Opinion," NATIONAL JOURNAL, Energy Experts Blog, 8--15--12, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php?comments=expandall#comments As convenient as it would be to say that a single change could alleviate the
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initiatives, even where there is wide bipartisan support for a given bill. Renewables Hurt Obama: Top--Funding 1NC GOP will pounce on renewable loan guarantees
Newsmax 7/10/12 (“House GOP Seeks End to Govt Loans for Renewable Energy”, http://www.newsmax.com/Politics/Government-Loans-Renewable-Energy/2012/07/10/id/444947, ) House Republicans introduced a bill Tuesday to close the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s)
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, proving that Obama’s green energy policy is a loser, Republicans say. EU Trade Uniq: A2 “Ag Lobby” Will reach compromise on agriculture.
My San Antonio, 3-29, p. www.mysanantonio.com/business/article/Europe-trade-talks-could-change-game-4395941.php The Doha trade talks failed primarily because of differences in agricultural subsidies between large food
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have some ideas of concessions that can be made,” the diplomat said. Financial Times, 3-20, p. Proquest The top US trade official has vowed to battle for US farmers in trade talks
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members of Congress representing the country's rural heartland - have been fighting back. EU Trade Internals: A2 “Winners Win” Obama believes the link
Robert Kuttner, senior fellow, Demos, “Obama Has Amassed Enormous Political Capital, But He Doesn’t Know What to Do with It,” Alternet, 4—28—09, www.alternet.org/economy/138641/obama_has_amassed_enormous_political_capital,_but_he_doesn%27t_know_what_to_do_with_it/ We got a small taste of what a more radical break might feel like when
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a little of both, but he defaults to the politics of accommodation. Wins only build long-term capital
Purdum 10, Columnist for Vanity Fair, (Todd, “Obama Is Suffering Because of His Achievements, Not Despite Them,” 12-20 www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2010/12/obama-is-suffering-because-of-his-achievements-not-despite-them.html) With this weekend’s decisive Senate repeal of the military’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t
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that even the military itself had come to see as unnecessary and unfair.
So why isn’t his political standing higher?
Precisely because of the raft of legislative victories he’s achieved. Obama has pushed through
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could to explain them, sensibly and simply, to the American public.
But Obama is nowhere near so politically maladroit as his frustrated liberal supporters—or
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debating points in an argument he knew he had no chance of winning.
Moreover, as The Washington Post’s conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer bitterly noted, Obama’s agreement to the tax deal amounted to a second economic stimulus measure—one that he could never otherwise have persuaded Congressional Republicans to support. Krauthammer denounced it as the “swindle of the year,” and suggested that only Democrats could possibly be self-defeating enough to reject it. In the end, of course, they did not.
Obama knows better than most people that politics is the art of the possible (
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a price for everything in politics, and Obama knows that, too. Obama empirically can't win on energy
Matthew N. Eisler, research fellow, Chemical Heritage Foundation, "Science, Silver Buckshot, and 'All of the Above," Science Progress, 4--2--12, http://scienceprogress.org/2012/04/science-silver-buckshot-and-%E2%80%9Call-of-the-above%E2%80%9D/ Conservatives take President Obama’s rhetoric at face value. Progressives see the president as disingenuous
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will probably mean four more years of inaction and increased resort to cant. Winners win is wrong--leading scholar says so
Jackie Calmes, "In Debt Talks, Obama Is Ready to Go Beyond Beltway," NEW YORK TIMES, 11--12--12, LN. That story line, stoked by Republicans but shared by some Democrats, holds that
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, when the opposition typically takes seats from the president's party in Congress. No wins on energy policy
Matthew N. Eisler, research fellow, Center for Contemporary History and Policy, Chemical Heritage Foundation, "Science, Silver Buckshot and 'All of the Above'," Science Progress, 4--2--12, http://scienceprogress.org/2012/04/science-silver-buckshot-and-%E2%80%9Call-of-the-above%E2%80%9D/ Conservatives take President Obama’s rhetoric at face value. Progressives see the president as disingenuous
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will probably mean four more years of inaction and increased resort to cant. Health care proves
Dan Lashof, director, Climate Center, NRDC, “Coulda, Shoulda, Woulda: Lessons from Senate Climate Fail,” Natural Resources Defense Council, 7—28—10, http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dlashof/coulda_shoulda_woulda_lessons.html Lesson 2: Political capital is not necessarily a renewable resource. Perhaps the most
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political capital in time to help push climate legislation across the finish line. Winners lose--legislators will vote AGAINST Obama next time to show independence
Thomas Mann, Brookings Institution BEYOND GRIDLOCK: PROSPECTS FOR GOVERNMENT IN THE CLINTON YEARS – AND AFTER, ed. J.L. Sundquist, 1993. Most representatives and senators do not feel beholden to any president, let alone one
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the next vote to show that I am independent of the White House." Political capital is key and zero-sum
Matthew N. Beckermann, Associate Professor, Political Science, UC-Irvine and Vimal Kumar, “How Presidents Push, When Presidents Win: A Model of Positive Presidential Power in US Lawmaking,” JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL POLITICS v. 23 n. 3, 2011, Ebsco. 2. The Wellsprings of Positive Presidential Power When it comes to presidents’ negative power
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is to explicate those margins and show how presidents may systematically influence them. No turn--Obama loses the spin game
Peter Baker, “Education of a President,” NEW YORK TIMES, 10—12—10, www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/magazine/17obama-t.html, accessed 10-2-11. But it is possible to win the inside game and lose the outside game.
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in either stimulus or health care until we had lost the spin battle.” Time and capital are ultimately limited
David E. Lewis, Professor, Political Science, Vanderbilt University, THE POLITICS OF PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS: POLITICAL CONTROL AND BUREAUCRATIC PERFORMANCE, 2010. Second, presidents do not have unlimited ability to politicize. They have limited resources
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appointees, raises red flags for Congress. Presidents must choose their battles. EU Trade Internals: Momentum Key Even if the deal is in the future, momentum now is key.
Global Post, 3-11, cites Karen De Gucht, EU Trade Commissioner, www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/europe/130308/DeGucht-transatlantic-trade-deal-global-economy Nevertheless, it’s precisely those regulatory details that some worry will bog down the talks
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in June and try to finish it by the end of next year.
EU Trade Good: Environmental Model Trade deal key to setting a global model of environmental leadership.
Asia News Monitor, 3-28, p. Proquest Together, the United States and European Union are the world's-largest economic entity
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in regulation and standards by promoting greater compatibility, transparency, and cooperation. Environmental leadership solves extinction Harris 01 (Paul G., Lecturer – Lignan University, Associate Fellow – Oxford Center for Environment, Ethics, and Society at Mansfield College, Oxford University, The Environment, International Relations, and U.S. Foreign Policy, p. 241-242) In addition to promoting U.S. global interests, a more robust acceptance
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be treating them as independent moral agents, to make a Kantian argument65). |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 5 | Opponent: | Judge: There is a distinction in the literature
SEAI No Date “What’s the difference between natural gas, LPG, biogas and landfill gas?” http://www.seai.ie/Your_Business/Public_Sector/FAQ/Gathering_Data_Which_Types_of_Energy_Do_We_Use/What%E2%80%99s_the_difference_between_natural_gas_LPG_biogas_and_landfill_gas.html What’s the difference between natural gas, LPG, biogas and landfill gas?
Natural gas is a naturally occurring fossil fuel that is composed mainly of methane. It is piped through a national gas transmission and distribution network (in gaseous form, under pressure) directly to end users in the industrial, power generation, services and domestic sectors. The network can be viewed here: www.bordgais.ie/networks/index.jsp?p=104andn=141. LPG or liquefied petroleum gas is manufactured in oil refining, crude oil stabilisation and
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used in boilers (for space and water heating) and for cooking. Biogas is a form of renewable energy produced from organic matter through a biological process. It is typically derived from anaerobic digestion or fermentation processes and can be produced from a diverse range of organic feedstocks including biomass, sewage, agricultural waste, certain industrial wastes (e.g. from the food and beverage manufacturing sector) and municipal waste. Landfill gas is a type of biogas that is produced from landfills. In Ireland, biogases are typically consumed within the confines of - or immediately adjacent to– the facilities at which they are produced. 5 distinctions
UPADHYAYA No Date “What is the difference between Natural Gas and Biogas?” http://www.preservearticles.com/201104195606/difference-between-natural-gas-and-biogas.html |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: EMory CM | Judge:
Text – The United States Supreme Court should issue a narrow ruling that Department of Interior rulemaking, specifically determination that federal law precludes relevant state and local restrictions on offshore wind energy, constitutes a violation of Article I of the United States Constitution. The United States Congress should pass legislation that precludes relevant state and local restrictions on offshore wind energy. Congress should request all necessary and relevant assistance from the Department of the Interior in the drafting and implementation process. All actors should default to the mandates of the counterplan. Competition – The Affirmative plan is done by an agency while the CP is done through legislation; these two are different modes of policymaking
David Epstein, Department of Political Science and Stanford Graduate School of Business, Columbia and Stanford University and Sharyn O'Halloran, Department of Political Science and the School of Internationaland Public Affairs and Hoover Institution, Columbia and Stanford University, 20 Cardozo L. Rev. 947 1999 Our institutional analysis begins with the observation that there are two alternative modes for specifying
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that one is used more, the other will perforce be used less. Solvency – The CP solves the case better – Congress is quicker and more efficient
Taylor, Director, Natural Resource Studies, the CATO Institute, 9/12/96 Congress could achieve the public purposes that it now pursues through delegation in far less
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put back upon the shoulders of the Congress" responsibility for controversial choices. Net Benefit –
A. Delegation does violence to democratic accountability--crushes liberty and the constitution
David Schoenbrod, prof of law NY law school and Jerry Taylor, Director of Natural Resource Studies CATO, 2001
http://www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb107/hb107-8.pdf
The concern over congressional delegation of power is not simply theoretical and abstract, for
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cranny of American life in a way that was simply impossible before.’’ Democracy is critical to survival
Peter Montague, co-director Environmental Research Foundation and publisher of Rachael’s Environment and Health News, 14 October 1998 http://www.greenleft.org.au/1998/337/20135
The environmental movement is treading water and slowly drowning. There is abundant evidence that
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. In the modern world, it is a necessity for human survival. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Emory CM | Judge:
Will pass --- last major obstacle has been removed.
Washington Post, 3-31, p. www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/03/31/lindsey-graham-conceptual-deal-on-immigration-reform/
Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) said Sunday that a
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confidence it could pass both the Senate and the GOP-controlled House. Plan is massively unpopular, costs capital
Toddy Sperry, "Wind Farm Gets US Approval Despite Controversy," CNN, 8--16--12,
http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/16/us/wind-farm-faa/index.html A massive offshore wind farm planned for Cape Cod that has generated fierce political and
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a broader review of "green energy" projects supported by the administration. Political capital is key.
Dallas Morning News, 1-2-2013, p. www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece The president’s words to NBC’s David Gregory are only that — words. What will
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done.” President Barack Obama, in an interview on Meet the Press Sunday Immigration reform key to hegemony
Nye 12 Harvard Prof and former US assistant secretary of defense, state and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council (12/10/2013, “Immigration and American Power,” http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s~-~-nye CAMBRIDGE – TheUnited States is a nation of immigrants. Except for a small number
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long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US. Great power war
Zhang 11 (Yuhan Zhang is a researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C.; Lin Shi is from Columbia University. She also serves as an independent consultant for the Eurasia Group and a consultant for the World Bank in Washington, D.C., 1/22, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/) This does not necessarily mean that the US is in systemic decline, but it
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. C. Leadership is the controlling impact – it makes major war obsolete.
Donald Kagan, Senior Associate @ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Summer 1999 “Is Major War obsolete? An Exchange," Survival Consider, finally, the major threats to peace that still exist, as Mandelbaum
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so, the entire system that has made such optimism possible would disintegrate. CIR Impact: Leadership 2NC Key to hegemony – outweighs the aff on timeframe
Kliman 10 – visiting fellow at the Center for a New American Security Daniel, “Immigration and American Power”, May 28, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/05/28/opinion/main6525992.shtml President Obama’s National Security Strategy released on Thursday has launched the opening salvo in a
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well, renewing American power starts with welcoming foreign talent to America’s shore. CIR Turns Aff: Bioterror A shortage in STEM workers cripples US biotech leadership- thas necessary to develop countermeasures to bioterrorism
Goldberg et al 04 (Joseph E., Dorsey, Harry, Bartone, Paul, Ortman, Bill, Ashcraft, Paul, Burlingame, Stan, Carter, Anna L., Cofer, Robin D., Elwood, John, Guerts, Jim, Industry Studies 2004: Biotechnology, The Industrial College of the Armed Forces National Defense University) Biotechnology has the potential to revolutionize all aspects of our daily of life over the
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use does not outweigh its ability to address the world’s most pressing needs. CIR Turns Aff: Warming Turns Warming
Herman and Smith, 10(Richard T. Herman is the founder of Richard T. Herman and Associates, an immigration and business law firm in Cleveland, Ohio which serves a global clientele in over 10 languages. He is the co-founder of a chapter of TiE, a global network of entrepreneurs started in 1992 in Silicon Valley. He has appeared on National Public Radio, FOX News, and various affiliates of NBC, CBS, and ABC. He has also been quoted in such publications as USA Today,InformationWeek, PCWorld, ComputerWorld, CIO, Site Selection and National Lawyers Weekly, Robert L. Smith is a veteran journalist who covers international cultures and immigration issues for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Ohio’s largest newspaper. Bob grew up in Cleveland, where he lives with his wife, Cleveland Orchestra violinist Chul-In Park, and their two children, Jae, 5, and Sun-Hee, 3. He has written extensively about immigration issues and has interviewed people at all points of the immigrant experience, from undocumented field workers to hugely successful entrepreneurs, Parts of this paper were excerpted from the book “Immigrant Inc.: Why Immigrant Entrepreneurs are Driving the New Economy (and how they will save the American worker)” (John Wiley and Sons, 2009) by Richard T. Herman and Robert L. Smith. Available wherever books are sold, “Why Immigrants Can Drive the Green Economy,” Immigation Policy Center, http://immigrationpolicy.org/perspectives/why-immigrants-can-drive-green-economy) Raymond Spencer, an Australian-born entrepreneur based in Chicago, has a window
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that prioritizes the attraction and retention of scarce, high-end talent nee ded to invent and commercialize alternative energy technology and other emerging technologies. One idea
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. “This project gets us closer to achieving both of those goals.” Immigration Uniq: Top of Agenda 2NC Top priority for Obama – ensures quick passage
Pace 3/25 (Julie, “Obama calls for April debate on immigration bill”, http://www.myfoxla.com/story/21785836/obama-calls-for-april-debate-on-immigration-bill, ) President Barack Obama challenged Congress Monday to "finish the job" of finalizing legislation aimed at overhauling the nation's immigration system.¶ With members of the House and Senate away on spring break, Obama made his most substantive remarks on the difficult issue in more than a month, saying he expects lawmakers to take up debate on a quickly and that he hopes to sign it into law as soon as possible.¶ "We 've known for years that our immigration system is broken," the president said at
AND
has its own immigration bill ready if the debate on Capitol Hill stalls. Immigration Thumper Ans: Hagel Appointments don’t drain PC---empirics
Hutchinson 12/2 Earl Ofari, "Rice Nomination Fight Won't Drain President Obama's Political Capital, 2012, www.eurweb.com/2012/12/rice-nomination-fight-wont-drain-president-obamas-political-capital/ It won’t hurt him. All presidents from time to time face some backlash from
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likelihood of any lasting harm to the administration will be minimal to nonexistent. Immigration Uniq: 2NC
Cards that indicate “fights exist” should not count as “won’t pass” arguments --- momentum will overcome concerns.
Politico, 3-29, p. www.politico.com/story/2013/03/immigration-negotiations-head-closer-to-deal-89486.html Senate negotiators moved closer to a bipartisan deal on immigration reform as interest groups and
AND
“Certainly the members framing the bill will want active business backing them.” Border Security Border security won’t hold up the bill—it’ll be included
Foley 3-26-13 (Elise, staff writer, "Janet Napolitano: Border Trigger 'Not The Way To Go'" Huffington Post) www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/26/janet-napolitano-border-trigger_n_2955166.html Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), who is not a member of
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had consequences in that regard ... Am I optimistic? I'm always optimistic.” Topic Hurts Obama: A2 "Shielding--Agencies" 2NC Agency action links to politics
Thomas McGarity, Professor, Law, University of Texas, "Administrative Law as Blood Sport: Policy Erosion in a Highly Partisan Age," DUKE LAW JOURNAL v. 61, 5--12, LN. The interchange-fee rulemaking experience illustrates how stakeholders in high-stakes rulemakings have
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Part probes these, among other, contours of blood-sport rulemaking. Pol Cap High: S/L Prefer issue specific uniqueness PC high – polling
Sink 3-27 – Justin Sink, “Poll: Obama favorability remains high, even as job approval falters,” 3-27-13. http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/290559-poll-obama-favorability-remains-high-even-as-job-approval-falters President Obama remains personally popular with the American public, even as voters are beginning
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two-thirds of Americans have an unfavorable opinion of the legislative branch. High – obama’s reaching out to GOP
REUTERS 3-27 – “Next step in Obama charm offensive: Dinner with Republican senators,” 3-27-13. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/27/usa-obama-republicans-idUSL2N0CJ2BX20130327
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama will launch a new round of schmoozing with
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Isakson of Georgia, according to Isakson's office and a White House official. Immigration Internal: A2 “Winners Win” Obama believes the link
Robert Kuttner, senior fellow, Demos, “Obama Has Amassed Enormous Political Capital, But He Doesn’t Know What to Do with It,” Alternet, 4—28—09, www.alternet.org/economy/138641/obama_has_amassed_enormous_political_capital,_but_he_doesn%27t_know_what_to_do_with_it/ We got a small taste of what a more radical break might feel like when
AND
a little of both, but he defaults to the politics of accommodation. Wins only build long-term capital
Purdum 10, Columnist for Vanity Fair, (Todd, “Obama Is Suffering Because of His Achievements, Not Despite Them,” 12-20 www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2010/12/obama-is-suffering-because-of-his-achievements-not-despite-them.html) With this weekend’s decisive Senate repeal of the military’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t
AND
that even the military itself had come to see as unnecessary and unfair.
So why isn’t his political standing higher?
Precisely because of the raft of legislative victories he’s achieved. Obama has pushed through
AND
could to explain them, sensibly and simply, to the American public.
But Obama is nowhere near so politically maladroit as his frustrated liberal supporters—or
AND
debating points in an argument he knew he had no chance of winning.
Moreover, as The Washington Post’s conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer bitterly noted, Obama’s agreement to the tax deal amounted to a second economic stimulus measure—one that he could never otherwise have persuaded Congressional Republicans to support. Krauthammer denounced it as the “swindle of the year,” and suggested that only Democrats could possibly be self-defeating enough to reject it. In the end, of course, they did not.
Obama knows better than most people that politics is the art of the possible (
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a price for everything in politics, and Obama knows that, too. Obama empirically can't win on energy
Matthew N. Eisler, research fellow, Chemical Heritage Foundation, "Science, Silver Buckshot, and 'All of the Above," Science Progress, 4--2--12, http://scienceprogress.org/2012/04/science-silver-buckshot-and-%E2%80%9Call-of-the-above%E2%80%9D/ Conservatives take President Obama’s rhetoric at face value. Progressives see the president as disingenuous
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will probably mean four more years of inaction and increased resort to cant. Winners win is wrong--leading scholar says so
Jackie Calmes, "In Debt Talks, Obama Is Ready to Go Beyond Beltway," NEW YORK TIMES, 11--12--12, LN. That story line, stoked by Republicans but shared by some Democrats, holds that
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, when the opposition typically takes seats from the president's party in Congress.
Retired Snowe retired
Taylor 12 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/02/olympia-snowe-retirement-senate-gridlock_n_1315824.html Maine Republican Olympia Snowe says the Senate spends too much time in political battle and not enough on solving problems, and more than a few of her colleagues agree. Snowe, the Senate's most liberal Republican, found herself in a familiar spot Thursday as the only member of her party to join with Democrats on a politically freighted vote. This time, it was a vote to affirm an Obama administration directive requiring employers to provide contraception coverage to their workers regardless of religious or ethical concerns. The vote, originally demanded by Republicans in a political battle that Democrats came to embrace, provided ample fodder for political ads but had nothing to do with an underlying highway bill. That measure continues to twist in the wind despite widespread support, trapped in a divisive, polarized Senate that rarely seems to legislate and often seems incapable of tackling politically challenging problems. So Snowe, 65, is leaving at the end of the year, voicing frustration that the Senate is simply too polarized and that she doesn't know whether she could be "productive" in a fourth Senate term. Immigration Internal: PC Key 2NC Political capital is key to winning over House Republicans.
NY Times, 2-4-2013, p. www.nytimes.com/2013/02/04/opinion/keller-selling-amnesty.html?pagewanted=print Let’s assume that President Obama and the Democrats sincerely want an immigration bill, that
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Republican House will require close attention to substance, marketing and legislative tactics. Capital’s key
Michael Shifter, President, Inter-American Dialogue, "Will Obama Kick the Can Down the Road," REVISTE IDEELE, 12--27--12, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32andpubID=3186 Not surprisingly, Obama has been explicit that reforming the US’s shameful and broken immigration
AND
needed -- would take away energy and time from other priorities like immigration. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Emory CM | Judge:
Text: The highest courts of the fifty states of the United States of America should rule that federal law, rulings, and the Constitution precludes relevant state and local restrictions on offshore wind energy. The rulings should be issued as per the Michigan v. Long formula. The CP is lockstep federal analysis.
Robert F. Williams, 2005, Distinguished Professor of Law, Rutgers University School of Law, Camden, New Jersey, February, 2005, (William and Mary Law Review, 46 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1499, SYMPOSIUM: DUAL ENFORCEMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL NORMS: STATE COURTS ADOPTING FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL DOCTRINE: CASE-BY-CASE ADOPTIONISM OR PROSPECTIVE LOCKSTEPPING?, p. Lexis) What are the implications for state constitutional law when state courts decide to interpret their
AND
" 24 or "mimick" 25 the United States Supreme Court approach. That solves their federalism signal of weak state powers.
James A. Gardner, ’92, Associate Professor of Law, Western New England College School of Law. B.A. 1980, Yale University; J.D. 1984, University of Chicago, February, 1992, (Michigan Law Review ARTICLE: THE FAILED DISCOURSE OF STATE CONSTITUTIONALISM, 90 Mich. L. Rev. 761, p. Lexis) Like ambiguity regarding the basis of a constitutional ruling, lockstep analysis of the state
AND
or courts will devote much attention to the state constitution is drastically reduced. 2NC
CP Solves Federalism / A2 “CP Increases State Power” The counterplan relegates the States to citing federal action – independent state court action key
Friedman, et al, 2001, Lawrence Friedman, Climenko-Thayer Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School; Adjunct Professor of Law, Boston College Law School and Charles H. Baron, Professor of Law, Boston College Law School, December, 2001, (Boston College Law Review, 43 B.C. L. Rev 125, ARTICLE: Baker v. State and the Promise of the New Judicial Federalism, p. Lexis) This is not a trivial point. While numerous state courts today invoke their sovereign
AND
considered reasoning that should accompany a particular interpretation of a state's constitution. 11 The counterplan is lockstep – independent action is key to Federalism
Anderson, et al, 2007, Paul H. Anderson, an Associate Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court. Julie A. Oseid, 2007, an Assistant Professor at the University of St. Thomas School of Law in Minneapolis, 2007, (Albany Law Review, 70 Alb. L. Rev. 865, ARTICLE: A DECISION TREE TAKES ROOT IN THE LAND OF 10,000 LAKES: MINNESOTA'S APPROACH TO PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS UNDER BOTH THE UNITED STATES AND MINNESOTA CONSTITUTIONS, p. Lexis) The advantage of the lockstep approach is that it is the only approach not subject
AND
roles of state and federal courts in the traditional model of federalism. 61 Independent Action key to solve the net benefit – Federal precedent is too strong and will rope the State Court’s in Robert A. Schapiro, ’98, Associate Professor, Emory University School of Law, Fall, 1998, (Roger Williams University Law Review, 4 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 79, SYMPOSIUM: Separation of Powers in State Constitutional Law , Contingency and Universalism in State Separation of Powers Discourse, p. Lexis) In addition to the theoretical obstacles to independent interpretation posed by the doubtful status of
AND
not dependent on those guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States." 26
Even when courts break out of the community interpretive model, the pull of the
AND
. 28 The anxiety over deviating from federal doctrine limits the interpretive horizons. States Theory: 50 State Fiat Good 2NC 2. Advocacy skills—limiting decisionmaking to the USFG forcloses on more effective political strategies
Byrne, 8
Byrne, et al., 2008.
In Peter Droege eds. Urban Energy Transition: From Fossil Fuels to Renewable Power.
Oxford, UK: Elsevier Pps.27-53.
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware,
AND
shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors. The political momentum built in US cities, states and regions to initiate climate mitigation
AND
ballot of an RPS proposal in 2006 (Initiative and Referendum Institute 2007). 3. topic Education– the states CP IS THE TOPIC
Kay, 12
(Senior Extension Associate with the Community and Regional Development Institute-Cornell Dept. of Sociology, “Energy Federalism: Who Decides?,” http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/cals/devsoc/outreach/cardi/programs/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfileandPageID=1071714) Questions about energy production and consumption are acquiring renewed urgency in the 21st Century.
AND
metaphorical and genuine blood deciding what are essentially jurisdictional disputes between governmental institutions.”
A number of factors have raised these issues into greater prominence. Energy specific influences
AND
mobilized in the devolution, deregulation, privatization, and property rights movements.
In contrast, “progressive” movements evolved in response to increased globalization (of
AND
of debate about energy federalism are being cinched into an increasingly dense tangle. 4. predictability--we have a solvency advocate
Rabe 11 August 16, 2011Contested Federalism and American Climate Policy Barry G. Rabe Arthur Thurnau Professor Gerald Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-3091 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=4andved=0CJYEEBYwAwandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2FDelivery.cfm%3Fabstractid%3D1902998andei=7GbuT6PvF8ql8gPg7P2vDQandusg=AFQjCNEIITSPrNZZxG0In8curYVGgat9cw State Positioning. In anticipation of an expanded federal role, states began to position
AND
, each of which would tilt the intergovernmental system in very different ways.
5. effective policy analysis
Rabe, 8
(Prof of Public Policy-Ford School at Michigan, “States on Steroids: The Intergovernmental Odyssey of American Climate Policy,” Review of Policy Research, Vol. 25, Issue 2, March) Climate change has conventionally been framed as an issue that would be addressed by an
AND
recent experience to anticipate possible next directions (Selin and VanDeveer, 2007). |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Emory CM | Judge:
Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Emory CM | Judge:
Text: The highest courts of the fifty states of the United States of America should rule that federal law, rulings, and the Constitution precludes relevant state and local restrictions on offshore wind energy. The rulings should be issued as per the Michigan v. Long formula. The CP is lockstep federal analysis.
Robert F. Williams, 2005, Distinguished Professor of Law, Rutgers University School of Law, Camden, New Jersey, February, 2005, (William and Mary Law Review, 46 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1499, SYMPOSIUM: DUAL ENFORCEMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL NORMS: STATE COURTS ADOPTING FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL DOCTRINE: CASE-BY-CASE ADOPTIONISM OR PROSPECTIVE LOCKSTEPPING?, p. Lexis) What are the implications for state constitutional law when state courts decide to interpret their
AND
" 24 or "mimick" 25 the United States Supreme Court approach. That solves their federalism signal of weak state powers.
James A. Gardner, ’92, Associate Professor of Law, Western New England College School of Law. B.A. 1980, Yale University; J.D. 1984, University of Chicago, February, 1992, (Michigan Law Review ARTICLE: THE FAILED DISCOURSE OF STATE CONSTITUTIONALISM, 90 Mich. L. Rev. 761, p. Lexis) Like ambiguity regarding the basis of a constitutional ruling, lockstep analysis of the state
AND
or courts will devote much attention to the state constitution is drastically reduced. 2NC
CP Solves Federalism / A2 “CP Increases State Power” The counterplan relegates the States to citing federal action – independent state court action key
Friedman, et al, 2001, Lawrence Friedman, Climenko-Thayer Lecturer on Law, Harvard Law School; Adjunct Professor of Law, Boston College Law School and Charles H. Baron, Professor of Law, Boston College Law School, December, 2001, (Boston College Law Review, 43 B.C. L. Rev 125, ARTICLE: Baker v. State and the Promise of the New Judicial Federalism, p. Lexis) This is not a trivial point. While numerous state courts today invoke their sovereign
AND
considered reasoning that should accompany a particular interpretation of a state's constitution. 11 The counterplan is lockstep – independent action is key to Federalism
Anderson, et al, 2007, Paul H. Anderson, an Associate Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court. Julie A. Oseid, 2007, an Assistant Professor at the University of St. Thomas School of Law in Minneapolis, 2007, (Albany Law Review, 70 Alb. L. Rev. 865, ARTICLE: A DECISION TREE TAKES ROOT IN THE LAND OF 10,000 LAKES: MINNESOTA'S APPROACH TO PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS UNDER BOTH THE UNITED STATES AND MINNESOTA CONSTITUTIONS, p. Lexis) The advantage of the lockstep approach is that it is the only approach not subject
AND
roles of state and federal courts in the traditional model of federalism. 61 Independent Action key to solve the net benefit – Federal precedent is too strong and will rope the State Court’s in Robert A. Schapiro, ’98, Associate Professor, Emory University School of Law, Fall, 1998, (Roger Williams University Law Review, 4 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 79, SYMPOSIUM: Separation of Powers in State Constitutional Law , Contingency and Universalism in State Separation of Powers Discourse, p. Lexis) In addition to the theoretical obstacles to independent interpretation posed by the doubtful status of
AND
not dependent on those guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States." 26
Even when courts break out of the community interpretive model, the pull of the
AND
. 28 The anxiety over deviating from federal doctrine limits the interpretive horizons. States Theory: 50 State Fiat Good 2NC 2. Advocacy skills—limiting decisionmaking to the USFG forcloses on more effective political strategies
Byrne, 8
Byrne, et al., 2008.
In Peter Droege eds. Urban Energy Transition: From Fossil Fuels to Renewable Power.
Oxford, UK: Elsevier Pps.27-53.
Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Established in 1980 at the University of Delaware,
AND
shares the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Panel's authors and review editors. The political momentum built in US cities, states and regions to initiate climate mitigation
AND
ballot of an RPS proposal in 2006 (Initiative and Referendum Institute 2007). 3. topic Education– the states CP IS THE TOPIC
Kay, 12
(Senior Extension Associate with the Community and Regional Development Institute-Cornell Dept. of Sociology, “Energy Federalism: Who Decides?,” http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/cals/devsoc/outreach/cardi/programs/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfileandPageID=1071714) Questions about energy production and consumption are acquiring renewed urgency in the 21st Century.
AND
metaphorical and genuine blood deciding what are essentially jurisdictional disputes between governmental institutions.”
A number of factors have raised these issues into greater prominence. Energy specific influences
AND
mobilized in the devolution, deregulation, privatization, and property rights movements.
In contrast, “progressive” movements evolved in response to increased globalization (of
AND
of debate about energy federalism are being cinched into an increasingly dense tangle. 4. predictability--we have a solvency advocate
Rabe 11 August 16, 2011Contested Federalism and American Climate Policy Barry G. Rabe Arthur Thurnau Professor Gerald Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-3091 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1902998andhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=4andved=0CJYEEBYwAwandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2FDelivery.cfm%3Fabstractid%3D1902998andei=7GbuT6PvF8ql8gPg7P2vDQandusg=AFQjCNEIITSPrNZZxG0In8curYVGgat9cw State Positioning. In anticipation of an expanded federal role, states began to position
AND
, each of which would tilt the intergovernmental system in very different ways.
5. effective policy analysis
Rabe, 8
(Prof of Public Policy-Ford School at Michigan, “States on Steroids: The Intergovernmental Odyssey of American Climate Policy,” Review of Policy Research, Vol. 25, Issue 2, March) Climate change has conventionally been framed as an issue that would be addressed by an
AND
recent experience to anticipate possible next directions (Selin and VanDeveer, 2007). |
