Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
US banning natural gas exports now because of high demand
Ebinger, Massy, and Govinda 12(Charles, senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, Kevin, Assistant Director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, Govinda, Senior Research Assistant in the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, “Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas,” May, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2012/5/02%20lng%20exports%20ebinger/0502_lng_exports_ebinger)
For exports to be feasible, several demand and supply-related conditions need to
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indicate that the implications of this price increase are likely to be modest.
The plan decreases natural gas demand – makes exporting feasible and lower global prices
Wiser 5(Ryan, PhD scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, “Easing the Natural Gas Crisis: Reducing Natural Gas Prices Through Electricity Supply Diversification,” March 8, http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/ems/reports/Senate-Testimony.pdf)
With the recent run-up in natural gas prices, and the expected continuation
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cross-sector impact of that diversification on natural gas prices and bills. 

Perception of the plan triggers the link – upcoming DOE report will perceive future changes
Landicho 12(Robert, UC Berkeley School of Law, “Should America Export Natural Gas? The Debate Rages On,” August 16, http://thenetwork.berkeleylawblogs.org/2012/08/16/should-america-export-natural-gas-%E2%80%93-the-debate-rages-on/)
With the development of new technology for drilling natural gas in shale formations, both
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declined to approve any more LNG export facilities until the study is released.

Russian and Chinese LNG negotiations failing now due to pricing disagreements – increased US exports and lower prices forces Russia’s hand to make the sale
LeVine 12(Steve, EandE Reporter, “With U.S. energy sources on rise, Russia and China renew fuel talks,” May 31, http://eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/05/31/1)
Facing the threat of an onslaught of natural gas competition in Europe, Russian President
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States and elsewhere. China is also exploring for shale gas at home.
That causes Chinese growth
Weitz 11(Richard, director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis and a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute, “Can China, Russia Close Gas Deal?” October 22, http://thediplomat.com/2011/10/22/can-china-russia-close-gas-deal/)
Although Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin undoubtedly had numerous goals in visiting Beijing last week
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older fields that now provide gas primarily to consumers in Russia and Europe.
Chinese growth makes conflict with the US, Modernization and Collapse of Hegemony Inevitable
Mearsheimer, Prof of Poli Sci at U of Chicago, Sep/Oct 2001 (Foreign Affairs)
 The second scenario would emerge if China's economy continues growing at a robust pace
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a peer competitor, or even from eventually becoming a more formidable superpower.
Extinction
Straits Times 2000
THE DOOMSDAY SCENARIO THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating
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cannot be ruled out entirely, for China puts sovereignty above everything else.

2nc ----

China’s growth will make all international efforts to slow warming worthless
Hertsgaard – NPR Commentator – 9/1/2K (Earth Action Network; No. 5, Vol. 11; Pg. 27; ISSN: 1046-8021)
These are the economic roots of China's gigantic greenhouse stature. And the problem is
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the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's target of 50 to 70 percent reductions.
China growth causes modernization and a more aggressive military posture
Denny Roy Senior Research Fellow @ Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies Orbis Winter 2003
China’s nuclear weapons represent a partly inevitable but mostly contingent hazard for the United States
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system, and the doctrine governing the use of nuclear weapons during hostilities.
Leads to nuclear testing
Richard Garwin Fellow Emeritus, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Arms Control Today, April/May 1999
Most importantly, China would need to test such weapons before deploying them—partial
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and exerting every effort to bring it into force as soon as possible.
Nuclear testing will cause a solar system destroying solar Nova
Daniel Shaddox, KoReY Interstellar Colonization Program, 11-29-1999, http://business.gorge.net/ zdkf/mcl-ntt.html
Unfortunately, at this time, the exact date of the Sun's erruption into a
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for a sweller, but we had better be prepared for a boomer!

Natural gas sales to China reinvigorate the Russian economy
Yishan 2000(Xia, China Institute for International Studies, “CHINA-RUSSIA ENERGY COOPERATION:  IMPETUSES, PROSPECTS AND IMPACTS,” May, http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/china-russia-energy-cooperation-impetuses-prospects-and-impacts)
Russia is eager to increase energy cooperation with China in order to overcome its economic
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from Sino-Russian energy cooperation with ensuing marked improvement in the local economy
Offense only goes one way – Russia’s economy won’t collapse now but limited growth prevents Russian imperialism
Khan 2000 (Muqtedar, member of the faculty of international politics at Washington College and is a director of the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy, “Dealing With the Impoverished Yet Imperialist Russia,” February, http://www.wrmea.org/archives/199-washington-report-archives-2000-2005/january-february-2000/3127-dealing-with-the-impoverished-yet-imperialist-russia.html)
The repeated military engagements with Chechnya smack of a resurgent Russian imperialism. Russian imperialism
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relations with rising powers with declining human rights standards like China and India.
Russian imperialism escalates to nuclear war
Blank 9(Stephen, Strategic Studies Institute, “RUSSIA AND ARMS CONTROL: ARE THERE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION?” March)
Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia can then deter regional or intercontinental attacks
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perhaps make wars of aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172

Exporting natural gas independently emits enough CO2 to ensure warming
Romm 12(Joe, Fellow at American Progress and is the editor of Climate Progress, “Exporting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Is Bad For The Climate,” June 18, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/06/18/500954/exporting-liquefied-natural-gas-lng-is-bad-for-the-climate/)
The surge in U.S. production of shale gas is creating a surge
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Terra incognita — a planet of amplifying feedbacks and multiple simultaneous catastrophic impacts.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc Warming Adv
SMRs are not a solution for global warming- too far off – they have ev reduces emissions but none they will in time
Makhijani and Boyd 2010 (IEER Institute of energy and environmental research http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/small-modular-reactors2010.pdf) 

¶ Efficiency and most renewable technologies ¶ ¶ are already cheaper than new large reactors
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and proliferation risks, as well as new ¶ ¶ waste disposal problems.
Nuclear power woefully insufficient to solve warming- would need global, exponential growth- more likely that the net growth rate is zero
Oliver Tickell is the founder of Nuclear Pledge, 7-31-2012 http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/1482669/renewable_revolution_or_nuclear_nightmare.html

So this is the question: does the world need nuclear power for us to
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lives and close, leading to a net growth rate close to zero.
Err neg- their advantage is just pro-nuclear hype
Gerd Rosenkranz, earned a doctorate in material science as well as a degree in metal engineer- ing “Myths about nuclear energy” Sept 2010 http://www.il.boell.org/downloads/Myth_of_nuclear_power_Rosenkranz.pdf

It is only gradually that the public is becoming aware of how fundamentally flawed this
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2030 (Prognos AG 2009}. We will come back to this later.
No net reduction in emissions- difficulty mining uranium
Caldicott, 6 – Founder and President of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute
(Helen, Nuclear Power is not the answer, pg. viii-ix)

While currently the creation of nuclear electricity emits only one-third the amount of
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near nuclear power plants or radioactive waste facilities for many generations to come. 

Recent temperatures show no increase in warming
Happer 12 (William is a professor of physics at Princeton. “Global Warming Models Are Wrong Again”, Wall Street Journal, 3/27/12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577291352882984274.html)
What is happening to global temperatures in reality? The answer is: almost nothing
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slightly less than the average since the satellite record of temperatures began in 1979
Warming evidence skewed – urban heat island
Evans 12 (David has a PhD in electrical engineering, worked from 1999 to 2006 for the Australian Greenhouse Office, an agency of the Australian government, designing a carbon accounting system- Financial Post, "Global Warming Theory Is Based on False Science.", 7 Apr. 2011, infotrac)
There are now several independent pieces of evidence showing that the earth responds to the
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science track only the surface thermometer results and not mention the satellite results?

Not anthropogenic – multiple warrants
Spencer 12 (Roy, former NASA climatologist and author, “Ten Years After the Warming,” 2/26, http://www.drroyspencer.com/2012/02/)
As can be seen, in the last 10 years the estimated forcing has been
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next 10 years. Eek! But I personally doubt that will happen. 

Feedbacks are net negative
Spencer 8 (Roy W. Ph.D., climatologist, author, former NASA scientist, “Satellite and Climate Model Evidence Against Substantial Manmade Climate Change (supercedes “Has the Climate Sensitivity Holy Grail Been Found?”)”, Roy W. Spencer, 12/27/08, http://www.drroyspencer.com/research-articles/satellite-and-climate-model-evidence/)
The comparisons modelers make between their models and satellite data are typically rather crude and
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to predict too much global warming in response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Warming’s inevitable – oil market guarantees
McKibben 12 (Bill, environmental activist and author, founder of 350.org, “Global Warming's Terrifying New Math,” 7/19, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warmings-terrifying-new-math-20120719)
This number is the scariest of all – one that, for the first time
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2,795 is five times 565. That's how the story ends.

1nc Military
No spillover- DOD can’t drive investments
Paul Dimotakis, The MITRE Corporation, 2006 [December 09, 2006, Reducing DoD Fossil-Fuel Dependence, http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/fossil.pdf] 

2. The 2006 DoD fossil-fuel budget is, approximately, 2.
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cycles that, as a consequence, provide poor standards for fuel consumption.

Benefits of DOD acquisition of SMR is overstated- not the greatest thing since sliced bread- overlooks unknowns
Terrence P. Smith, CSIS, 2-16-2011 http://csis.org/blog/idea-i-can-do-without-small-nuclear-reactors-military-installations

The National Defense University’s Institute for National Strategic Studies recently released a report on Small
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(4) See my first point, but add in military advantage.
Status quo solves- DOD already trying to procure SMR tech
William J. Barattino is the chief executive officer at Global Broadband Solutions, 1-23-2012 http://ansnuclearcafe.org/2012/01/23/small-modular-reactors-on-military-installations/

Federal agencies have been directed by public laws and executive orders to reduce energy consumption
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current base electricity costs; and reductions in GHGs with use of SMRs.
Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis, 11
Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO

It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
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global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone.

Power no longer translates into influence – pretending otherwise causes their impacts
Charles A. Kupchan 3/16/12 (Dr. Kupchan is Professor of International Affairs in the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. He is also Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Kupchan was Director for European Affairs on the National Security Council during the first Clinton administration. Before joining the NSC, he worked in the U.S. Department of State on the Policy Planning Staff. Prior to government service, he was an Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. “Second Mates” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/is-american-primacy-really-diminishing~-~-20120315?page=1andmrefid=freehplead_3)

Whether American primacy lasts another 20 years or another 200, Kagan’s paramount worry is
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no longer dominates. Pretending otherwise is the real “preemptive superpower suicide.”

Even if heg is sustainable it has no impact – coalitions are key but losing strength – increasing hegemony doesn’t account for other rising powers
Charles A. Kupchan 3/16/12 (Dr. Kupchan is Professor of International Affairs in the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. He is also Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Kupchan was Director for European Affairs on the National Security Council during the first Clinton administration. Before joining the NSC, he worked in the U.S. Department of State on the Policy Planning Staff. Prior to government service, he was an Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. “Second Mates” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/is-american-primacy-really-diminishing~-~-20120315?page=1andmrefid=freehplead_3)

The collective strength of the West is, however, on the way down.
AND
He offers a few reasons not to worry, none of which satisfies.

2nc EXTENSIONS

WARMING

Military consumption is not enough to make alternatives viable economically
Aerospace Daily & Defense Report 2006 [Oct 5,Pentagon Striving To Find Fuel Alternatives, Conserve Energy ebsco

Sega also pointed out that a recent test-flight of a B-52
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. It's commercial consumption that will make synthetic fuel a truly viable option.
– the alternative technologies will be too specific to military needs
Virinder Singh, Renewable Energy Policy Project, 1998 [ Government Procurement To Expand PV Markets, http://www.repp.org/repp_pubs/pdf/pv4.pdf]

C. Consider the Needs of the Private Market A good government procurement program for
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market also defers the benefits which are known to accompany higher production levels.
The DoD cannot drive the market
Thomas Crowley Logistics Management Institute 2007 [april  transforming the way dod looks at energy an approach to establishing an energy strategy http://www.oft.osd.mil/library/library_files/document_ 404_F T602T1 _Transformi ng%20the%20Way%20DoD%20Looks%20at%20Energy _Final%20 Report.pdf.]

Although DoD is highly dependent on petroleum and is the largest single petroleum user,
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the DoD energy consumption profile (how and where is energy being consumed).
-not a large enough consumer to drive the market
Kristine Blackwell Lt Colonel USAF 2007 [June 15 The Department of Defense: Reducing Its Reliance on Fossil-Based Aviation Fuel – Issues for Congress http://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34062.pdf.]

Finding #3: The Department of Defense uses less than 2% of the
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jet fuel but is not a large enough consumer to drive the market.

SMRs link to all of the problems with regular nuclear power-
a.  slow to build, costs
Daryan, 2012. (January 3rd, 2012. http://daryanenergyblog.wordpress.com/ca/part-10-smallreactors-mass-prod/ “Part 10 – Small modular reactors and mass production options
“)

So there are a host of practical factors in favour smaller reactors. But what’s
AND
be slower to build (initially anyway) and probably more expensive too.
b. Out competed by natural gas
Freebairn 12 (Mollie, Mollie Freebairn is a solar consultant with Missouri Solar Applications in Jefferson City and a former scientist at the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, where she studied emissions from coal-burning power plants.July 25, Guest commentary: Small nuclear reactors are too little too late , http://www.stltoday.com/news/opinion/guest-commentary-small-nuclear-reactors-are-too-little-too-late/article_8f237dd0-9a8b-5912-a30d-b7a368282732.html)

Ameren Missouri recently announced a proposal for a small, modular nuclear reactor. What's
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provide those funds, enabling Ameren to raise our electricity rates in perpetuity.
c. Manufacturing capacity
ITA, 11 (International Trade Administration, February, U.S. Department of Commerce, “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors”, http://trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf)
There are also domestic policies that hinder U.S. ¶ SMR competitiveness,
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and ¶ rebuild capacity can require a lead time of several ¶ years.
d.  123 new agreements needed
ITA, 11 (International Trade Administration, February, U.S. Department of Commerce, “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors”, http://trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf)
Some U.S. suppliers also note that the United ¶ States currently levies
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2009 to help U.S. ¶ companies with this process.¶ 8
e. Public opinion
ITA, 11 (International Trade Administration, February, U.S. Department of Commerce, “The Commercial Outlook for U.S. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors”, http://trade.gov/publications/pdfs/the-commercial-outlook-for-us-small-modular-nuclear-reactors.pdf)
One additional obstacle is beyond the scope of ¶ this report but could play a
AND
of SMRs and nuclear reactors in general ¶ could also ameliorate this concern.
Err neg- aff evidence is unproductive over-enthusiasm for tech that’s never been demonstrated and won’t come online for decades
Dan O’Connor is a Policy Fellow in AEL’s New Energy Leaders Project, 1-4-2011 http://leadenergy.org/2011/01/small-modular-reactors-miracle-mirage-or-medium/

But such hype, while well-intentioned, can lead to unproductive over-
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urgent and increased need for a more dynamic national approach to waste storage.
Most impacts inevitable
-Ice sheets, oceans, rainforest destruction
Chestney 12 (Nina, writer for Reuters, “Global warming close to becoming irreversible: scientists,” 3/27 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/27/us-climate-thresholds-idUSBRE82Q18720120327)
TIPPING POINTS
For ice sheets - huge refrigerators that slow down the warming of the planet -
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decades, as well as to an increase in the number of predators.
Profit motive guarantees
McKibben 12 (Bill, environmental activist and author, founder of 350.org, “Global Warming's Terrifying New Math,” 7/19, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warmings-terrifying-new-math-20120719)
You could argue that this is simply in the nature of these companies – that
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on oil and gas and coal to go chasing after zephyrs and sunbeams.
Businesses will continue to bet on oil
McKibben 12 (Bill, environmental activist and author, founder of 350.org, “Global Warming's Terrifying New Math,” 7/19, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warmings-terrifying-new-math-20120719)
"The regular process of economic evolution is that businesses are left with stranded assets
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math. It could, plausibly, give rise to a real movement.

Regulations can’t solve this – we’ve waited too long
McKibben 12 (Bill, environmental activist and author, founder of 350.org, “Global Warming's Terrifying New Math,” 7/19, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warmings-terrifying-new-math-20120719)
Even if such a campaign is possible, however, we may have waited too
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a moral issue; we have met the enemy and they is Shell.
Positive feedback models wrong, their impacts exaggerated
Happer 12 (William is a professor of physics at Princeton. “Global Warming Models Are Wrong Again”, Wall Street Journal, 3/27/12, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577291352882984274.html)
The direct warming due to doubling CO2 levels in the atmosphere can be calculated to
AND
the warming is from natural causes that have nothing to do with mankind.
Medieval Warming Period proves feedbacks are negative
Worstall 12 (Tim, writer for Forbes, “If the MWP Was Global What Does That Tell Us About Climate Change Now?” http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/03/23/if-the-mwp-was-global-what-does-that-tell-us-about-climate-change-now/)
That the Earth has temperature cycles isn’t a surprise, we all know there were
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than currently thought and thus climate change is less dangerous than currently thought.

HEGEMONY

More studies
Amitai Etzioni 6/28/12 (Amitai Etzioni served as a senior advisor to the Carter White House; taught at Columbia University, Harvard and The University of California at Berkeley; and is a university professor and professor of international relations at The George Washington University, national interest, “The Folly of Nation Building” http://nationalinterest.org/article/the-folly-nation-building-7058?page=3

In a 2003 study, Minxin Pei and Sara Kasper examined U.S.
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politics in other countries” is both “unjustified” and “problematic.”

Increasing US heg doesn’t account for global redistribution of power – they’ll pushback which takes out the impact
Charles A. Kupchan 3/16/12 (Dr. Kupchan is Professor of International Affairs in the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. He is also Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Kupchan was Director for European Affairs on the National Security Council during the first Clinton administration. Before joining the NSC, he worked in the U.S. Department of State on the Policy Planning Staff. Prior to government service, he was an Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. “Second Mates” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/is-american-primacy-really-diminishing--20120315?page=1&mrefid=freehplead_3)

For starters, he claims that the growing wealth of developing nations need not diminish
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allies are on the losing end of the ongoing redistribution of global power.

Transatlantic rift
Charles A. Kupchan 3/16/12 (Dr. Kupchan is Professor of International Affairs in the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. He is also Whitney H. Shepardson Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, Kupchan was Director for European Affairs on the National Security Council during the first Clinton administration. Before joining the NSC, he worked in the U.S. Department of State on the Policy Planning Staff. Prior to government service, he was an Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. “Second Mates” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/is-american-primacy-really-diminishing--20120315?page=1&mrefid=freehplead_3)

Kagan is correct that I have been pondering the subject of a multipolar world for
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issues, its introversion and fragility mark a setback for the United States.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Text – The United States Federal Government should begin a process of negotiated rulemaking over power-purchase agreements of Small Modular Reactors in the United States, including an announced intention to have the Department of Defense initiate power-purchase agreements of Small Modular Reactors in the United States within a year and convene affected parties for binding mediation over the substance of this policy. We’ll clarify.

Competes –
It doesn’t fiat topical action. The process is uncertain and open-ended --- mutually exclusive with the plan.
Endelman 3 (Gary, Immigration Lawyer – BP America, Inc., JD – University of Houston and Ph.D. in History – University of Delaware, “Go as Far as You Can: How Negotiated Rulemaking in Immigration Benefits America: Part 2 of 2”, 7-18, http://www.ilw.com/articles/2004,0604-endelman.pdf)

Those who believe, as I do, that immigration is good for America have
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ideological combatants shrink back from assuming the very real risks that progress demands.   

Solvency is only possible through citizen involvement- coordination in energy policy is the vital internal link- reg neg is the appropriate structure to ensure solvecy
Sean Nolan, Associate Professor of Law and Dispute Resolution Program Director. Vermont Law School 2011 Negotiating the Wind: A Framework to Engage Citizens in Siting Wind Turbines

The U.S. has enough wind capacity to generate a significant amount of
AND
them reach agreement on the types of impacts and appropriate mitigation measures.202
Solves the whole case --- reg neg facilitates a consensus decision that’s legitimate and quickly enforced
Harter 97 (Philip J., Visiting Associate Professor and Director of the Program on Consensus, Democracy, and Governance – Vermont Law School, “Fear of Commitment: An Affliction of Adolescents”, Duke Law Journal, April, 46 Duke L.J. 1389, Lexis)

The most well developed of these techniques, other than the public hearings and meetings
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was one of the aspects of the process they considered most valuable. 48

Increased energy production fills court dockets with challenges to the legislation itself and private developers during implementation
Girard Miller Co-Chair of the Firm's global Alternative Energy Practice Group and is a partner in Fulbright and Jaworski L.L.P.'s Minneapolis location and Laura Morton, Senior Counsel at Fulbright and Jaworski, Senior Litigation Counsel at U.S. Department of Justice 2007 http://www.fulbright.com/mediaroom/files/energytrendsreport2007.pdf

The President's National Energy Policy, published in 2001. recommends that "the Secretaries
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cases likely to arise in the renewable energy area is set forth below.

The link is huge and statistically proven --- only consensus-based policy ensures compliance
Coglianese 97 (Cary, Assistant Professor of Public Policy – Harvard, “Assessing Consensus: The Promise and Performance of Negotiated Rulemaking”, Duke Law Journal, April, 46 Duke L.J. 1255, Lexis)

Of course, the fact that groups have challenged some negotiated rules does not fully
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rate can be expected to be higher than that for all EPA rules.
Litigation costs trade off with private investment in philanthropy
Bernard Marcus, founder of Home Depot and the Marcus Foundation which donates 20 million a year to philanthropic organizations, 2004 http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/excellence_in_philanthropy/solutions_for_the_litigation_crisis

 PHILANTHROPY: The link between legal system abuses and charitable giving and participation is
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been able to donate the many millions of dollars we have to charities.
Strong private investment is key to corporate global legitimacy --- solves North/South backlash
Lodge 6 (George C., Professor of Business Administration – Harvard University Business School, and Craig Wilson, Executive Director – The Foundation for Development, A Corporate Solution to Global Poverty: How Multinationals Can Help the Poor and Invigorate Their Own Legacy, p. 2-4)

Often, however, the corporate response to these expectations is hamstrung by a lack
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—if not the—major factor in reducing poverty in developing countries.
Global nuclear war
Goldstein 10 (Joshua, Professor of International Relations – American University, “Changing World Order – Engaging the South”, International Relations, http://wps.ablongman.com/long_goldstein_ir_7/38/9780/25 03754.cw/index.html)

In the last chapter’s “Changing World Order” section, there was mention of
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the emerging world order bring together the North and South in new ways?

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Obama winning- best models predict- prefer it to polls
Nate Silver, 9-18-2012 http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/sept-17-electoral-college-may-not-help-obama/

The FiveThirtyEight presidential forecast for Monday was essentially unchanged, with President Obama having a
AND
at determining what the consensus of the data says at any given time.
Plan alienates independents, women, and dem base – their polls are tilted by right wing
Cooper, 11  (Michael, National Correspondent @ NYT, 3/22, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/23/us/23poll.html)

Finding places to build new plants could also prove difficult: more than 6 in
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them more afraid that a nuclear accident could occur in the United States.

Romney win results in China currency label and Obama does it if he is losing
Dawson and Mason, 12
Stella and Jeff, Columnists @ Reuters, 2/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/13/us-usa-campaign-obama-china-idUSTRE81C0DG20120213
Tough calculus for Obama in Chinese leader's election-year visit¶ Even as he
AND
as we have been in the past, about where we have differences."
That devastates relations, causes trade war, and collapses the economy
MCNALLY 9. [Chris, research fellow and political economist @ East-West Center, “CHINA-U.S. ECONOMIC RELATIONS: FROM SYMBIOSIS TO RUPTURE?” East West Center -- Feb 8 -- http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/china-us-economic-relations-from-symbiosis-to-rupture/]

The unraveling of this synergy is already creating tensions, recently illustrated by the war
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constant dialogue is urgently required to steer this fragile relationship through tough times.
Great power war
IHT ’02 (International Herald Tribune, 12-26, Lexis)
Preoccupation with the war against terror, Iraq and now North Korea must not blind
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responsible international face, particularly in improving U.S.-Chinese relations.
EXTINCTION.
Straits Times 00 (6-25, Lexis)
THE DOOMSDAY SCENARIO THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war escalating
AND
cannot be ruled out entirely, for China puts sovereignty above everything else.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
In an appropriate test case, the United States Supreme Court should issue a narrow ruling that federal authority over outer continental shelf drilling commandeers the states’ legislative functions in violation of the 10th and 11th Amendments. The Supreme Court should devolve authority of this narrow ruling to the State Governments and United States Territories.The fifty states and all relevant U.S. territories should  substantially reduce restrictions on oil drilling in the Outer Continental Shelf. The fifty United States state governments and relevant United States territories should form constitutional commissions to uniformly amend their respective state constitutions to allow the state to run a limited deficit.  The National Governors Association should create a State Reserve Bank system. The fifty United States state governments and relevant United States territories should provide research and development subsidies, construction credits, loan guarantees, investment tax credits and consumption incentives for offshore oil drilling. The fifty United States state governments and relevant United States territories should substantially increase investment in a national network of inter-city high-speed passenger rail including a dedicated allocation of funds.
Devolution of energy policy to the states promotes innovation, flexibility, accountability, and equity
Kay 12  [Senior Extension Associate with the Community and Rural Development Institute (CaRDI) in the Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University]
(David, Energy Federalism:  Who Decides?, July 2012, http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/cals/devsoc/ outreach/cardi/programs/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfileandPageID=1071714, p. 6]

The theory of devolved federalism turns several of these arguments on their heads, reframing
AND
in turn, its roots in ancient republican ideas about “civic virtue”.
Lopez counterplan ensures state authority
Bybee 97 (Jay S., Staff- University of Nevada, Las Vegas, “"Insuring Domestic Tranquility: Lopez, Federalization of Crime, and the Forgotten Role of the Domestic Violence Clause", Scholarly Works,
http://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/369, page 3) 

Lopez promises, at best, to be a limited restraint on Congress's power to
AND
what is functionally the same) an express disabling of the United States.

Allowing the states to deficit spend solves the economy -- allows the states to spend pro-cyclically
Attewell 2009 (Steven Professor at the University of California Santa Barbra, in US Public Policy, MA from UCSB,  BA from Columbia University , Dissertation done on Public at Work: Public Employment, the New Deal, and the American Welfare State," Fifty-State Keynesianism - Part Deux, July 31st http://www.economicpopulist.org/content/fifty-state-keynesianism-part-deux AS)

Why is it the case that America's state governments have become so strongly pro-
AND
these jobs, as allocated by some fair procedure (order of application,
State incentives programs solve – they can drive the market towards widespread alternative energy acceptance
Elizabeth Brown, Patrick Quinlan, Harvey M. Sachs, and Daniel Williams, Am. Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, March 2002, “Tax Credits for Energy Efficiency,” http://aceee.org/pubs/e021full.pdf?CFID=1059758andCFTOKEN=72603414

States play a fundamental role in addressing energy use and the adoption of energy efficiency
AND
residents. the United States and its citizens, and the global climate.
States are efficient at building HSR- Federal action results in cost overruns
Goff 2012 (Emily, Research Associate Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, State Can't Afford "Free" Rail Money, The Herritage Foundation, May 24th http://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2012/05/state-cant-afford-free-rail-money AS)

Take high-speed rail and other passenger rail projects – they are expensive to
AND
to identify and meet their unique infrastructure needs efficiently and cost-effectively.
HSR solves econ- long term growth through six independent warrants
Todorovich et al. 11 — Petra Todorovich, Director of America 2050—a national urban planning initiative to develop an infrastructure and growth strategy for the United States, Assistant Visiting Professor at the Pratt Institute Graduate Center for Planning and the Environment, Member of the Board of Advisors of the Eno Transportation Foundation, holds an M.A. in City and Regional Planning from the Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University, et al., with Daniel Schned, Associate Planner for America 2050, Lecturer at the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University, holds an M.A. in City and Regional Planning and a Certificate in Geographic Information Systems from Rutgers University, and Robert Lane, Senior Fellow for Urban Design at Regional Plan Association, Founding Principal of Plan and Process LLP, former Loeb Fellow at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, holds an M.A. in Architecture from Columbia University, 2011 (“Chapter 2: Potential Benefits of High-Speed Rail,” High-Speed Rail: International Lessons for U.S. Policy Makers, Policy Focus Report of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, ISBN 9781558442221, Available Online at https://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/1948_1268_High-Speed%20Rail%20PFR_Webster.pdf, Accessed 06-08-2012, p. 16-18) 

High-speed rail’s ability to promote economic growth is grounded in its capacity to
AND
creates net economic gains in addition to the other economic benefits described here.

Lopez solves federal lands better- cuts down red tape- responsibility solves development
NBS News, 8-22-2012 http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/23/13423039-romney-campaign-rolls-out-energy-policy?lite

The Romney policy, spelled out in a white paper and on a conference call
AND
states, with the hope of speeding energy development by cutting red tape.
-Reduces bureaucracy and red-tape
Salt Lake Tribune, 8-23-2012 http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/54752320-90/romney-energy-federal-lands.html.csp

Mitt Romney’s proposed energy blueprint, which he says will wean America off foreign oil
AND
and I applaud Governor Romney for making this important issue a top priority."
-Size of state economies
Michael Northrop and David Sassoon, Program Director for Sustainable Development at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and administrator of SolveClimate.com, Yale Environment 360, 6-3-2008, http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2015

Individually, the size of many of these state economies rivals those of most countries
AND
waited patiently for the United States to engage meaningfully in international climate efforts.
-California proves
Wood, Staff writer for CSM, 07 (Daniel B., November 7, “Progress in California on curbing emissions” Christian Science Monitor, Lexis)

"We are in the driver's seat, participating in workshops and influencing how this
AND
we need to do to get these goals met has a big impact."
Increases education --- allows debate about many state governments and local politics---federalism is the central issue in energy policy
David Brakke, Ph.D., Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics at James Madison University, “Federalism,” Association of Women in Science Magazine, Vol 30, No 1, 2001  (http://csm.jmu.edu/brakke/Asset/Publications/AWIS_columns/Federalism_/federalism_.html)

As we approach the 250th anniversary of the birth of James Madison, father of
AND
ability of science to inform environmental decisions at the regional and national level.
The education about process is independently necessary in the context of energy- implementation is THE relevant question- there is an overemphasis on irrelevant issues of substance rather than process
Sean Nolan, Associate Professor of Law and Dispute Resolution Program Director. Vermont Law School 2011 Negotiating the Wind: A Framework to Engage Citizens in Siting Wind Turbines

Despite demonstrated need and available technology, the promise of wind energy has yet to
AND
citizens and provide the substrate on which a satisfactory solution can be reached.
This is true of 50 state uniform fiat too- NGA
NGA 2008 (National Governor’s Association, “Securing a Clean Energy Future,” http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/0807ENERGYRD.PDF)

Founded in 1908, the National Governors Association (NGA) is the collective voice
AND
implementing innovative solutions to public policy challenges through NGA’s Center for Best Practices.
 

Columbia Encyclopedia ‘01
 (http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/f/federalg.asp)
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT [federal government] or federation, government of a union of states
AND
for unity among the federating states may conflict with their desire for autonomy.
Public perception of economy encourages devolution

Meyner 98  (Robert B. and Helen S., Professor of Government and Public Service-Lafayette College, “The Devolution Tortoise and the Centralization Hare”, New England Economic Review, http://geography.tamu.edu/class/bednarz/neer398c.pdf, page 19) LL
Certain historical imperatives, especially the perceived fiscal crisis of the federal government, have
AND
certain fiscally onerous and politically volatile func- tions onto states and localities.
States control drilling issues
Ajc.com 07/17/08 http://www.ajc.com/opinion/content/printedition/2008/07/17/gased.html?cxntlid=inform_artr 

States ought to be able to determine for themselves whether or not to allow offshore
AND
also receive a fair share in the revenues generated from the offshore leases.

Solves mega regions- vital internal link to sustainable growth
Tierney 12 — Sean Tierney, Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of North Texas, holds a Ph.D. in Geography from the University of Denver, 2012 (“High-speed rail, the knowledge economy and the next growth wave,” Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 22, May, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via ScienceDirect, p. 284-285)
On April 14, 2011, Cambridge, MA based Zipcar, soared on its
AND
costs choke off access, collaboration and opportunities for would-be entrepreneurs

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
dependence
drilling doesn’t solve prices or independence under any scenario
McAuliff ’11 (Michael McAuliff, a senior congressional correspondent and blogger for HuffingtonPost.com and a former Washington reporter and editor for the New York Daily News, 7-6-11, “More U.S. Oil Drilling Won't Lower Gas Prices, Experts Say,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/06/more-us-oil-drilling-wont-help-gas-prices_n_858473.html)

WASHINGTON -- Republicans used the politically potent argument about the cost of gas Thursday to
AND
to church with Pat Robertson -- it's close to that," he said.
offshore drilling doesn’t solve-delays, little oil, too much demand
Weiss ’08 (Daniel J. Weiss, a Senior Fellow and Director of Climate Strategy at the Center for American Progress, 1-3-08, “Time to Diversify Energy Resources as Oil Hits $100 a Barrel,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2008/01/03/3846/time-to-diversify-energy-resources-as-oil-hits-100-a-barrel/)

All of these factors are likely to continue throughout in 2008. Yet in the
AND
United States does not possess enough oil to significantly offset our growing demand.
offshore drilling doesn’t solve prices or independence-not enough oil, world market, imports down now
Weiss ’11 (Daniel J. Weiss, a Senior Fellow and Director of Climate Strategy at the Center for American Progress, 1-11-11, “Big Oil Sings the Same Old Song,” http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/01/11/8924/big-oil-sings-the-same-old-song/)

There are three major problems with these policies beyond their environmental concerns. First,
AND
drilling moratoria, and delaying Atlantic and Pacific off shore leasing beyond 2017.”

Heg collapse doesn’t cause global nuclear war – conflicts would be small and managable
Richard Haas (president of the Council on Foreign Relations, former director of policy planning for the Department of State, former vice president and director of foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution, the Sol M. Linowitz visiting professor of international studies at Hamilton College, a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a lecturer in public policy at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, and a research associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies) April 2008 “Ask the Expert: What Comes After Unipolarity?” http://www.cfr.org/publication/16063/ask_the_expert.html

Does a non polar world increase or reduce the chances of another world war?
AND
highly costly conflicts involving terrorist groups, militias, rogue states, etc.  
U.S hegemony is unsustainable- economic problems, military overstretch, and rising powers
Snyder PhD, Professor of Public Policy at the University of Maryland 2010 – [Quddus Z. Snyder, “Systermic theory in an era of declining US hegemony,” http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/irworkshop/papers_fall09/snyder.pdf]

At the turn of the century it appeared as if we were living through a
AND
, but one that, for now at least, seems more bound.

Iranian nukes are inevitable
Layne, Director of the Coalition for a Realist Foreign Policy, 4/10/2006 (Christopher, “Iran the logic of Deterrence” (http://www.amconmag.com/article/2006/apr/10/00007/)

But it should be. Attacking Iran would be a strategic blunder of the first
AND
The U.S. ultimately cannot prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.

The U.S cannot deter Iran—they realize we have more to lose
Layne, Director of the Coalition for a Realist Foreign Policy, 4/10/2006 (Christopher, “Iran the logic of Deterrence” (http://www.amconmag.com/article/2006/apr/10/00007/)

On the other hand, the risks to the United States are higher than any
AND
U.S. would be the main target of an Islamic backlash.

Iran can’t be deterred Nuclearization is a Core Regime Value
Sokolski, ’05 (Henry, Director, Non Proliferation Policy Education Center, October, “Getting Ready for a Nuclear Ready Iran”, http://www.house.gov/israel/issues/Dem%20Website/Iran/Background/Getting%20Ready%20for%20a%20Nuclear-Ready%20Iran%20(Strategic%20Studies%20Institute,%20October%202005).pdf.)

Conclusion 4: The Regime’s Core Values will Drive It Ineluctably  toward Aggressive Military Action
AND
regime, and will shape the actions of a  nuclear-ready Iran.

econ
drilling doesn’t add very many jobs or solve prices-even under ideal scenarios
Krugman ’12 (Paul Krugman, Nobel Prize-winning economist, 3-15-12, “Natural Born Drillers,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/opinion/krugman-natural-born-drillers.html)

Strange to say, however, while natural gas prices have dropped, rising oil
AND
, baby, drill can cure our jobs deficit is basically a joke.
more drilling doesn’t increase jobs-big oil sheds jobs, statistics are misleading, drilling increasing now
Weiss ’11 (Daniel J. Weiss, a Senior Fellow and Director of Climate Strategy at the Center for American Progress, 10-13-11, “Drills Gone Wild: What To Expect From Rick Perry’s Energy Plan,” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2011/10/13/343676/drills-gone-wild-what-we-can-expect-from-rick-perrys-energy-plan/?mobile=nc)

Governor Rick Perry (R-TX) plans to unveil his energy plan at
AND
claim that more drilling will double total employment in the oil and gas sector
plan would only have a minor impact on the trade deficit even if successful
Beach et al. ’02 (William W. Beach, Director of the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation, Charli E. Coon, a Senior Policy Analyst for energy and the environment in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies, and Rea S. Hederman, Manager of Operations and Policy Analyst in the Center for Data Analysis at the Heritage Institute, 3-1-02, “Energy for a New Century: Increasing Domestic Energy Supplies,” Heritage Foundation Reports, Lexis)

For example, improving oil and gas exploration technology will make only a minimal difference
AND
reduce the trade deficit by a few percentage points over the long run.
high trade deficit inevitable-multiple self-reinforcing mechanisms guarantee it
Blecker ’11 (Robert A. Blecker, professor of economics and chair of the economics department at American University, 5-11, “Global Imbalances and the U.S. Trade Deficit,” google it)

2. The Trade Deficit Trap ¶ No single factor explains the U.S
AND
.S. trade deficit followed by an account of its recent behavior.
no us policy can affect the price of oil
Roberts ’12 (David Roberts, a primary staff writer for Grist Magazine, an online environmental publication, 3-21-12, “Media produces, laments public ignorance on gas prices,” http://grist.org/media/media-produces-laments-public-ignorance-on-gas-prices/)

Media coverage of gas prices has made me want to smash my head on my
AND
Democrats, legions of conservative and centrist pundits, and occasionally Obama himself.

Economic collapse doesn’t cause instability
Fareed Zakaria was named editor of Newsweek International in October 2000, overseeing all Newsweek editions abroad, December 12, 2009, “The Secrets of Stability,” http://www.newsweek.com/2009/12/11/the-secrets-of-stability.html
Others predicted that these economic shocks would lead to political instability and violence in the
AND
. The predictions of economic and political collapse have not materialized at all.

offshore drilling doesn’t create any jobs
Goolsbee and Holtz-Eakin ’08 (Austan Goolsbee, the chief economist for the President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board. He is also the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and a member of the Cabinet, and Douglas Holtz-Eakin is president of the American Action Forum. He was the director of the Congressional Budget Office and a chief economist of President George W. Bush’s Council of Economic Advisers, 10-21-08, “COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS PANEL DISCUSSSION;¶ SUBJECT: THE ECONOMY SPEAKERS: AUSTAN GOOLSBEE, SENIOR ECONOMIC ADVISER, OBAMA-BIDEN 2008; ROBERT GWINN, PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS; DOUGLAS HOLTZ-EAKIN, CHIEF ECONOMIC ADVISER, MCCAIN-PALIN 2008 MODERATOR: FLOYD NORRIS, MARKETPLACE COLUMNIST, NEW YORK TIMES;¶ LOCATION: COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK,” Lexis)

Q John Beattie (ph) from UBS.¶ The McCain campaign has focused on
AND
have an offshore rig that doesn't -- that's not associated with any jobs.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
cp
1NC

The United States Congress should immediately require a government-wide Quadrennial Energy Review
through a staged process to be completed by February 1st each year, concluded in entirety by February 1st, 2014, and every subsequent four years
led by the President in coordination with the Secretary of Energy as Executive Secretariat, giving them final authority over its content
to recommend goals, priorities and actions for implementation of a national energy policy

and will provide all necessary support for expedited build up of relevant analytic capabilities

The President and Executive Secretariat should immediately establish a policy determination to provide full support to make a top priority of the first stage of recommendations for establishing a matching funds programs, increase research and development funding and remove licensing restrictions for thorium power production in the United States.
Experts agree it’s the single most important energy policy, spurs implementation and avoids budget fights
Chu Et al, 11
(Steven, DOE QTR, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf)

When PCAST recommended the DOE QTR, the most important recommendation was the development of
AND
support of an ¶ Executive Secretariat, provided by the Secretary of Energy. 

7 reasons our process is key – Solves Certainty Better
- EOP powers ensure effective executive and agency implementation
- Provides strong analytic base depoliticizing dialogue and ensures policy support regardless of political shifts or composition
- Increases prioritization - Spurs focused and effective prioritization effort
- increases transparency
- overcomes SQ fragmented decisionmaking processes
- structurally ensures coordinated dialogue
- mobilizes industry support
Moniz, 11
Ernest J. Moniz, Cecil and Ida Green, Professor ¶ of Physics and Engineering Systems, Director, MIT Energy Initiative, 11/15, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72188/html/CHRG-112shrg72188.htm)

An integrated Federal energy policy up to these challenges needs ¶ staying power, and
AND
with the QER/QTR process ¶ will be important for its success.

Solves Signal immediately and independently solves even if it doesn’t result in the aff
- develops framework for decisionmaking that facilitates cohesive policymaking
- avoids spending fights through better targeting and prioritization
- initial creation of QER sends visible congressional signal that makes backtracking and partisan obstruction difficult
- QDR proves it generates consensus
Begich, 11  (Mark, US Senator, Congressional Documents and Publications, 10/13, lexis)

The Quadrennial Energy Review Act of 2011 authorizes a high-level government-wide
AND
efficiently meets our energy needs. This bill will help us do that."

Results not released in advanced – QTR proves
Fuel Cell Insider, 7/14/11
While it is clear that fuel cells are not front and center for the DOE
AND
receive all comments at DOE-QTRmailbox@hq.doe.gov.

a2: perm do cp
zero policy change –just most likely effect
Murkowski and Koonin, 11
(Lisa, Senator, STEVEN E. KOONIN, UNDER SECRETARY FOR SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, 11/15, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72188/html/CHRG-112shrg72188.htm)
This whole issue of the QTR, the first Quadrennial ¶ Technology Review, which
AND
if we're going to make progress on the challenges that we're ¶ facing.

logically distinct and prior to policymaking
Pryor, 11
(Mark, US Senator, 11/15, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72188/html/CHRG-112shrg72188.htm)

Led by Dr. Moniz, who is here today, one of PCAST's most
AND
build ¶ on the QTR and move quickly toward a governmentwide QER.''
“Should” is mandatory
Nieto 9 – Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)

"Should" is "used . . . to express duty, obligation,
AND
be allocated for the purpose of parents' federal tax exemption to be mandatory).

“Substantial” requires legal effect
Words and Phrases ‘64
(40WandP 759)
The words" outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive
AND
or pertaining to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive.
a2: delay perm
Should requires immediacy
Summer 94 (Justice, Oklahoma Supreme Court, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant”, http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn14)

4 The legal question to be resolved by the court is whether the word "
AND
. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882).
a2: theory
education about process is independently necessary in the context of energy- implementation is THE relevant question- there is an overemphasis on irrelevant issues of substance rather than process
Sean Nolan, Associate Professor of Law and Dispute Resolution Program Director. Vermont Law School 2011 Negotiating the Wind: A Framework to Engage Citizens in Siting Wind Turbines

Despite demonstrated need and available technology, the promise of wind energy has yet to
AND
citizens and provide the substrate on which a satisfactory solution can be reached.
a2: certainty key
Consensus of experts agree counterplan solves nuclear power and leadership best – only counterplan creates long term confidence and certainty
NMNP, 12  
ABOUT THE NEW MILLENIUM NUCLEAR PARTNERSHIP¶ The New Millennium Nuclear Energy Summit was held on December 7, 2010, in Washington, D.C. Senior leaders from government, industry and non-government organizations ¶ actively participated in defining the most important and substantive issues that confront the ¶ nuclear energy industry—an essential part of the United States’ energy production portfolio. ¶ Upon the success of the summit, four working groups comprised of summit participants were ¶ established to provide the recommendations found in this consolidated report.¶ ABOUT THIRD WAY¶ Third Way is a think tank that answers America’s challenges with modern ideas aimed ¶ at the center. We advocate for private-sector economic growth, a tough and smart centrist ¶ security strategy, a clean energy revolution, and progress on divisive social issues, all through ¶ a moderate-led U.S. politics, June¶ http://content.thirdway.org/publications/540/Third_Way_Report_-_A_Strategy_for_the_Future_of_Nuclear_Energy.pdf

Third, nuclear energy is expanding rapidly around the world. On our present ¶
AND
¶ recommendations assure a durable energy policy framework for decades in ¶ the future
implementation of the cp solve uncertainty for the same reason the plan does
Solves nuclear power best – key to long term certainty and investor confidence
NMNP, 12  
ABOUT THE NEW MILLENIUM NUCLEAR PARTNERSHIP¶ The New Millennium Nuclear Energy Summit was held on December 7, 2010, in Washington, D.C. Senior leaders from government, industry and non-government organizations ¶ actively participated in defining the most important and substantive issues that confront the ¶ nuclear energy industry—an essential part of the United States’ energy production portfolio. ¶ Upon the success of the summit, four working groups comprised of summit participants were ¶ established to provide the recommendations found in this consolidated report.¶ ABOUT THIRD WAY¶ Third Way is a think tank that answers America’s challenges with modern ideas aimed ¶ at the center. We advocate for private-sector economic growth, a tough and smart centrist ¶ security strategy, a clean energy revolution, and progress on divisive social issues, all through ¶ a moderate-led U.S. politics, June¶ http://content.thirdway.org/publications/540/Third_Way_Report_-_A_Strategy_for_the_Future_of_Nuclear_Energy.pdf

G E N E R A L R E C O M M E N
AND
industry and government work on all energy technologies, ¶ including nuclear energy.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
No fissile material, monitoring is easy, and remaining prolif risks aren’t unique
Goldston 12 (Robert J., Professor of Plasma Physics – Princeton University and Alexander Glaser, Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering – Princeton University, “Safeguard Requirements for Fusion Power Plants”, August, http://www.pppl.gov/pub_report/2012/PPPL-4794.pdf)

8. Conclusions and recommendations
We conclude that fusion has … we recommend that this be undertaken.
Global fission makes prolif inevitable --- fusion comparatively decreases the risk
Greenwald 12 (Martin, Senior Research Scientist – MIT, “Fusion Energy”, Huffington Post Blog, 5-30, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/martin-greenwald/fusion-energy_b_1557556.html)

Perhaps the most frightening aspect of a global fission industry is the risk of nuclear
AND
, to property or water supplies, nor would it threaten social trauma.
No risk of clandestine operation
Glaser 12 (A., Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering – Princeton University and R.J. Goldston, Professor of Plasma Physics – Princeton University, “Proliferation Risks of Magnetic Fusion Energy: Clandestine Production, Covert Production and Breakout”, Nuclear Fusion, 52(4), March, IOP Science)

2. Clandestine production of weapons material…constructed and operated clandestinely.
Fusion solves nuclear breakout --- risk is comparatively higher from fission
Glaser 12 (A., Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering – Princeton University and R.J. Goldston, Professor of Plasma Physics – Princeton University, “Proliferation Risks of Magnetic Fusion Energy: Clandestine Production, Covert Production and Breakout”, Nuclear Fusion, 52(4), March, IOP Science)

Fusion power plants require … and breakout from safeguards

Tournament: kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc
Text: The United States federal government should carefully review reasons for keeping enrichment facilities off the “eligible facilities list” and increase the number of United States facilities, including new fuel cycle related facilities, which are on the “voluntary list” for International Atomic Energy Agency safeguard inspections. The United States federal government should undertake an integrated nuclear waste management program that leads to the timely development of one or more permanent deep geological facilities for the safe disposal of spent fuel and high-level nuclear waste.
Solves nuclear power leadership- creates a bright line for civilian and military uses and sends an international signal
Scott D. Sagan Caroline S.G. Mum o Professor of Political Science Co-Director, Center for International Security and Cooperation Stanford University Co-Chair, Global Nuclear Future Initiative American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4-8-2011 http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/brc/20120621005012/http://brc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/sagan_brc_paper_final.pdf

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) requires that non-nuclear weapons
AND
work and, at a minimum, not make this bad situation worse.
Solves production and signal args
Brent Scowcroft, Co-Chairman, Blue Ribbon Commission on America's and¶ Richard Meserve, Commissioner, Blue Ribbon Commission on America's¶ Nuclear Future, Cong Doc and Publications, 2/8/12, lexis

Recommendation #1: The United States should undertake an integrated nuclear waste management program
AND
license, construct and begin to operate nuclear waste facilities of all kinds.
solve nuclear leadership
CP solves nuclear power leadership- it’s reverse causal and bolsters U.S. stand on multilateralism and nonprolif
Scott D. Sagan Caroline S.G. Mum o Professor of Political Science Co-Director, Center for International Security and Cooperation Stanford University Co-Chair, Global Nuclear Future Initiative American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4-8-2011 http://cybercemetery.unt.edu/archive/brc/20120621005012/http://brc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/sagan_brc_paper_final.pdf

The first set of policy issues concerns IAEA safeguards, multinational versus national ownership,
AND
inspectors" ability to deter or detect potential safeguard violations in NNWS.31
Solves- Production
Uncertainty about waste is the primary obstacle to nuclear production
Brent Scowcroft, Co-Chairman, Blue Ribbon Commission on America's and¶ Richard Meserve, Commissioner, Blue Ribbon Commission on America's¶ Nuclear Future, Cong Doc and Publications, 2/8/12, lexis

Beyond the formal linkages discussed in the preceding sections, there is a broader question
AND
primary obstacle to an expansion of U.S. nuclear power."31
solves prolif
Lack of permanent storage makes prolif inevitable
Robert Busby GW J. Int'l L. and Econ “THE UNITED STATES'S FAILURE TO ESTABLISH A HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE STORAGE FACILITY IS THREATENING ITS ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY SUPPORT NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION”. 1997

Congress unfortunately failed to pass the 1996 legislative initiatives mandating that the DOE build an
AND
the United States cannot respond effectively to growing international nuclear waste problems. 256

Tournament: kentucky | Round: 5 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Technology from the plan won’t spillover globally – multiple reasons
USAID 7(“OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS FOR THE SCALE-UP OF CLEAN ENERGY OPTIONS,” http://usaid.eco-asia.org/programs/cdcp/reports/Ideas-to-Action/Section_4.pdf)
Despite widespread initiatives on technology transfer, many of the barriers to effective technology transfer
AND
each country, addressing institutional, financial, education, and training issues.
Lack of IPR in foreign countries short circuits their spillover effect
Sovacool 9(Benjamin, Research fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization at the University of Singapore, “PLACING A GLOVE ON THE INVISIBLE HAND: HOW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS MAY IMPEDE INNOVATION IN ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (RandD),” Jan 19, http://www.albanylawjournal.org/articles/Sovacool_Format_DPL.pdf)
While this article has primarily focused on domestic IPR barriers to clean energy technologies,
AND
in Europe due to lack of consistent rules and regulations involving IPR.”254
This is specifically true of DOE funded research
Barton 7(John, Professor of Law at Stanford, “Intellectual Property and Access to Clean Energy Technologies in Developing Countries,” http://dspace.cigilibrary.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/28398/1/Intellectual%20property%20and%20access%20to%20clean%20energy%20technologies%20in%20developing%20countries.pdf?1)
Hence, much of the research in these areas is funded by the government.
AND
it is their national firms that receive the benefits of their research subsidies.

Extension – IPR
No global tech transfer – current mechanisms fail
Quibell 10(Michelle, Institute for Building Efficiency, “ENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE AND CAPACITY BUILDING: A PRIVATE SECTOR PERSPECTIVE,” August, http://www.institutebe.com/InstituteBE/media/Library/Resources/Energy%20and%20Climate%20Policy/Issue-Brief~-~--Energy-Efficiency-Technology-Exchange-and-Capacity-Building.pdf)
Despite the cost-effective greenhouse gas emissions reduction potential for energy efficiency solutions,
AND
markets as the discussion on the evolution of the global carbon market unfolds.
Extension - Trade Restrictions
Trade restrictions prevent global technology sharing and stifles innovation
Sandrowitz and Cornwell 12(Alyssa, associate with IPR firm in DC Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein, and Fox P.L.L.C., David, director of IPR firm in DC Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein, and Fox P.L.L.C, “Compulsory Licensing of Clean Technology – Saving the Environment or Stifling Innovation?,” http://64.237.99.107/media/pnc/2/media.1172.pdf)
Some critics of compulsory licenses have dismissed advocating for compulsory licensing as a distraction and
AND
like compulsory licenses should not be needed if developed countries fulfill their obligations.

Extension - Lack of Capital
Lack of capital prevents technology adoption
Copenhagen Economics 9(Economic consultancy firm, “ARE IPR A BARRIER TO THE TRANSFER OF CLIMATE CHANGE TECHNOLOGY ?,” Jan, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2009/february/tradoc_142371.pdf)
Transfer of knowledge also requires that the recipient can make use of the knowledge,
AND
for which some developing countries may not be able to find sufficient capital. 

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc
The 50 States should provide full and upfront funding for all robust detailed design and engineering efforts and all licensing costs for _.  The scope of such detailed design and engineering effort will include preparation of construction drawings; the specification of system components; procurement engineering, including the preparation of bid packages for suppliers; a general site layout, and all nonrecurring design and engineering work at the manufacturing site.

More robust detailed design and engineering efforts solve expedited license approval, cost confidence and widespread commercialization
Rosner, et. al. ‘11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf)

The study team learned during the study, which included comments received from the utilities and vendors who participated in the DOE Nuclear Power 2010 (NP-2010) program, that further delineation of the design and engineering for large (GW-scale) reactors would have likely resulted in firmer overnight cost quotes and, potentially, more expedited licensing approvals. This lesson – if learned – argues strongly that a key initial step for a robust SMR reprogram is to support the completion of detailed design and engineering (DDandE) work that is more expansive than the FOAKE effort. The scope of such a DDandE effort would include the preparation of construction drawings; the specification of system components; procurement engineering, including the preparation of bid packages for suppliers; a general site layout (that would then be adapted to individual plants); and all nonrecurring design and engineering work at the manufacturing site. These DDandE activities for the SMR program may have to be more expansive than the scope for the NP2010 FOAKE program. More robust engineering design work could facilitate the NRC design certification (DC) process, and additional design and engineering activity will be needed to integrate the design of SMR modules with site and manufacturing facility specifications. A more robust DDandE process also may reduce the tendency to “pancake” contingencies, so that fixed/firm cost estimates are established and, more importantly, supporting follow-on manufacturing and construction activities for SMRs are carried out.

2nc
Providing funding for robust DDE and licensing efforts is BY FAR MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR to reduce production costs and investment risks
King 11
Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

Sensitivity results indicate that allocation of FOAK expenses is the most important parameter affecting the estimated cost of power produced. These are substantial expenses associated with final engineering, design certification, etc., that are generically labeled as FOAK expenses. The FOAK expense values we used for estimating the cost of power produced are the portion of that expense borne by the project, anticipating that arrangements could be made for some or all FOAK expenses to be borne by DOE, vendors, or direct congressional funding for that purpose. Figure 11 shows sensitivity results for FOAK expenses allocated to the project. FOAK expense is also the primary source of risk. DoD can limit this risk by negotiating project terms that ensure FOAK expense will be paid by DOE, direct congressional funding for that purpose, and/or by vendors. Risks that the project might not be pursued vigorously or might not operate as intended can be limited by appropriate contracts with vendors and contracting with a separate business entity for building and operating the power plant. The importance of this input parameter is further emphasized by observing that if no FOAK expense is allocated to the project and other input parameters are set at levels that imply higher costs, the highest estimated cost of electricity produced is only about $0.12. That estimate is associated with higher market rates for debt and equity, which are the input parameters that have the next most important influence on the cost of electricity produced.

And it’s the single fastest way to solve regulatory and licensing barriers
King 11
Marcus King, Ph.D., Center for Naval Analyses Project Director and Research Analyst for the Environment and Energy TeamLaVar Huntzinger, Thoi Nguyen, March 2011, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S.Military Installations, www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/Nuclear Power on Military Installations D0023932 A5.pdf

We identify three types of FOAK expenses: • Final detailed engineering for certification • Resolving FOAK licensing issues • Manufacturing engineering, tooling, and facilities. Completing final detailed engineering for certification will take about 2-3 years and is estimated to cost hundreds of millions of dollars. In addition, there are licensing issues related to small reactors that will need to be resolved. We assess the risks to public safety associated with the proposed small reactors are smaller than the risks associated with large reactors. In addition, the small reactors are designed to require less operator intervention. Consequently, there is general agreement that various safety requirements currently imposed on large reactors will be changed for small reactors. However, the precise details of such changes need to be worked out with the NRC. Resolving FOAK licensing issues will take a few years. Several years will be required to plan for and prepare all the details required for actual manufacturing—manufacturing engineering, tools, facilities, etc. Completing certification and licensing consists of working out and carefully documenting satisfactory answers to various questions and concerns. Therefore, the most important factor influencing the amount of calendar time required for certification and licensing is the intensity of effort and close attention that those seeking certification and licensing expend on accomplishing the objective. We estimate that total FOAK expenses could be about $800 million allocated among the different types as shown in Figure 6.

Funding Multiple DDE efforts solves

Funding diverse DDE efforts solves SMR competitiveness, lowers costs and overcomes licensing barriers
Rosner, et. al. ‘11 (Robert Rosner, Robert Rosner is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009, and Stephen Goldberg, Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, Joseph S. Hezir, Principal, EOP Foundation, Inc., http://epic.uchicago.edu/sites/epic.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/SMRWhite_Paper_Dec.14.2011copy.pdf)

The goal of this stage of the study was a scoping analysis sufficient to develop a business case for future programmatic and policy decisions, including options for government incentives. This scoping analysis does support a competitive position for n th -of-a-kind (NOAK) SMRs, based on best achievable overnight cost estimates. However, one of the limitations at this stage of the analysis is reliance on projections of best achievable costs for the NOAK SMRs based on limited engineering design work. The study team recommends that the “lessons learned” be adopted from the NP2010 program. Detailed design and engineering work should be supported for at least several designs to promote competition and arrive at more robust design solutions, with firmer cost estimates, for the earlier SMR plants, as well as to fully exercise the NRC licensing process (this will be discussed in Appendix B).

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1nc
Romey will reinstate the gag rule
Desert News, 2-10-2012 http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705399188/Romney-commits-to-defund-United-Nations-Population-Fund-Planned-Parenthood.html?pg=2

In a speech before CPAC Friday, Mitt Romney announced steps he would take against abortion, inluding cutting off federal funds to Planned Parenhood, if elected president. “Mine will be a pro-life presidency,” he said. “On day one, I will reinstate the Mexico City policy. I will cut off funding for the United Nations Population Fund, which supports China’s barbaric One Child Policy.” The Mexico City policy prohibits funding organizations that promote abortion in other countries. UNFPA spokesman Omar Gharzeddine denied Romney's accusation that UNFPA promotes China's coercive family planning. Gharzeddine said the UN Population Fund “promotes voluntary family planning and human rights in more than 150 countries, including China. It does not support coercion in family planning, coercive abortions or forced sterilizations anywhere in the world.” He also said UNFPA “highly appreciates the political and financial support of the United States.” But Jeanne Head, National Right to Life vice president for International Affairs, responded to KSL in support of Romney's claim: “There is no doubt that the United Nations Population Fund participates in the management of China's one-child population control policy which has resulted in countless forced abortions throughout the country. Sadly, right this very minute, the United States government is providing funding to the UNFPA.” Congressman Chris Smith, R-New Jersey, also said he believes the UN Population Fund supports China's one child policy. He recently traveled to China to investigate and reported his findings before the House Foreign Affairs Committee in October. China's “one child per couple policy is the most egregious systematic attack on mothers ever," he said before the House committee."Yet the UNPFA incorporates and defers to that policy in its programs.” The Mexico City policy, also known as the "Global Gag Rule," was originally enacted by President Ronald Reagan, has been through a series of rescissions and adoptions in the past three decades — depending on the current US president's party affiliation. President Bill Clinton rescinded the policy; President George W. Bush adopted it again, but President Barack Obama, during his first week in office, rescinded it yet again.
That causes overpopulation
San Gabriel Valley Tribune 2005(“Earth staggering under expanding population” July 11, lexis)

Our past efforts have proven very successful: Because of years of hard work by the family-planning and reproductive- health community, total world fertility has declined from six children per woman in the 1960s to fewer than three today. But as the largest youth generation in history enters their reproductive years, our work is far from over. Unfortunately, the Bush administration is doing everything in its power to stifle women's rights and jeopardize the future of our planet. For four years running, President Bush has blocked funds that Congress has appropriated to the United Nations Population Fund UNFPA, the largest supplier of reproductive health-care and family-planning services worldwide. As one of his first acts in office, Bush imposed the Global Gag Rule, which restricts foreign NGOs that receive money from the United States for family-planning services from using their own funds to provide legal abortion services, give counseling or referrals for abortion, or petition their own governments to liberalize restrictive abortion laws. The results of this policy were easy to predict: Clinics are closing in Kenya, and contraceptive supplies have dried up in Ethiopia.

Overpopulation causes extinction
CBD- Center for Biological Diversity 11 (The Center for Biological Diversity works through science, law and creative media to secure a future for all species, “OVERPOPULATION: A KEY FACTOR IN SPECIES EXTINCTION,” citing data as recent as October 2011, http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/overpopulation/index.html)

The world’s human population doubled from 1 to 2 billion between 1800 and 1930, and then doubled again by 1975. At the end of October 2011, it surpassed 7 billion. This staggering increase and the massive consumption it drives are overwhelming the planet’s finite resources. We’ve already witnessed the devastating effects of overpopulation on biodiversity: Species abundant in North America two centuries ago — from the woodland bison of West Virginia and Arizona’s Merriam’s elk to the Rocky Mountain grasshopper and Puerto Rico’s Culebra parrot — have been wiped out by growing human numbers. As the world’s population grows unsustainably, so do its unyielding demands for water, land, trees and fossil fuels — all of which come at a steep price for already endangered plants and animals. Most biologists agree we’re in the midst of the Earth’s sixth mass extinction event; species are disappearing about 1,000 times faster than is typical of the planet’s history. This time, though, it isn’t because of geologic or cosmic forces but unsustainable human population growth. Today’s global human population is over 7 billion. Every day, the planet sees a net gain of roughly 250,000 people. If the pace continues, we’ll be on course to reach 8 billion by 2020 and 9 billion by 2050. By any ecological measure, Homo sapiens sapiens has exceeded its sustainable population size. Just a single human waste product — greenhouse gas — has drastically altered the chemistry of the planet’s atmosphere and oceans, causing global warming and ocean acidification. In the United States, which has the world’s third largest population after China and India, the fertility rate peaked in 2007 at its highest level since 1971 before dropping off slightly due to the recent economic recession. At 2.1 children per woman, the U.S. fertility rate remains the highest among developed nations, which average around 1.6. The current U.S. population exceeds 300 million and is projected to grow 50 percent by 2050. The mission of the Center for Biological Diversity is to stop the planetary extinction crisis wiping out rare plants and animals around the world. Explosive, unsustainable human population growth is an essential root cause of this crisis. We can reduce our own population to an ecologically sustainable level in a number of ways, including the empowerment of women, education of all people, universal access to birth control and a societal commitment to ensuring that all species are given a chance to live and thrive. All of these steps will decrease human poverty and overcrowding, raise our standard of living and sustain the lives of plants, animals and ecosystems everywhere. 

2nc
Overpopulation threatens agricultural collapse and humanity’s extinction
Mona L. Hymel, Associate Professor of Law, University of Arizona College of Law, November 1998, North Carolina Law Review

As the twentieth century draws to a close, humanity faces the daunting prospect of supporting its population without inducing catastrophic and irreversible destruction on Earth's life-support systems. Human and agricultural fertility are on a collision course: the stork is threatening to overtake the plow. 1 More than 600 of the world's most distinguished scientists, including a majority of the living Nobel laureates in the sciences, issued a warning to humanity in 1992. 2 They warned that only a few decades remained to stop unrestrained population growth and environmentally devastating economic practices before efforts to achieve a sustainable future "will be lost and prospects for humanity immeasurably diminished." 3 In 1994, the world's scientific academies echoed this warning. 4 The very rapid rates of human-induced climate change, combined with fragmentation of natural habitats for agriculture and development activities, are unprecedented.

Overpopulation makes economic collapse inevitable
Lester Brown, founder of the WorldWatch Institute, April 2004,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/voic-brow.html

NOVA: What happens if countries can't stabilize their populations? Will they just eventually break
down? Brown: One of the things that's happening in the world today as our numbers have passed the six
billion mark is that in order to support six billion-plus people, we are over-consuming the Earth's natural capital. Forests are shrinking, fisheries are collapsing, water tables are falling, soils are eroding, grasslands are deteriorating from over-grazing. This over-consumption of natural capital artificially inflates economic output, including food output. We are developing a bubble economy. The worrisome thing about bubble economies is that if you can't shrink the bubble, eventually it will burst. Then you have serious problems. We've seen bubble economies develop in the high-tech stock market in the U.S. We saw the value of high-tech stocks drop by 60 percent or so. We saw this with real estate in Japan a decade ago, when suddenly the bubble burst overnight and real estate prices also dropped by 60 percent.