| 09/22/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Hammond 12 (Not Jeremy, Bill, Columnist and Editorial Writer – New York Daily News, "Don’t Let the Sun Set on Fusion", New York Daily News, 4-3, http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/sun-set-fusion-article-1.1054771) President Obama has touted federal investment in energy technology as a smart and environmentally friendly way to create jobs.
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shrinking while the U.S. share of ITER construction costs is %24150 million and growing. Increased funding is key to U.S. fusion commercialization —- it’s feasible and delivers huge energyBurnett 12 (Burke, Executive Secretary – Pacific Science Association, Executive Director – Indo-Pacific Conservation Alliance, and MA in International Relations – Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, "CBS News Segment On Potentially Game-Changing Fusion Research", EnterSpace, 4-1, http://enterspace.typepad.com/blog/2012/04/fusion-research-at-nif.html-http://enterspace.typepad.com/blog/2012/04/fusion-research-at-nif.html) In terms of physics, there is no barrier to fusion as a successful source
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the board, which would render these zero-sum budget games moot. Scientific capability exists. Money is the outstanding variable.Prager 9 (Dr. Stewart C., Director – Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, "The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research", Hearing before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 10-29, http://fire.pppl.gov/house_fusion_hearing_2010.pdf)
Second, Congressman Rohrabacher asserted that there has been little progress in fusion energy.
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. The scientific knowledge has existed for some time to achieve this milestone. Targeting energy production and spending beyond ITER spurs quick developmentPrager 11 (Stewart, Director – U.S. Department of Energy’s Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, "Why Fusion Energy Could Enhance Future Energy Independence", The Daily Energy Report, August, http://www.dailyenergyreport.com/2011/08/why-fusion-energy-could-enhance-future-energy-independence/) Ben Lack: Are there other countries that have maybe more research or backing than the United States?
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investment if we really want to get the fusion as quickly as possible. Miller 7 (Warren, Research Professor and Associate Director of the Nuclear Security Science and Policy Institute – Texas A%26M University, "Nuclear’s Human Element", A Report By the American Nuclear Society Special Committee on Federal Investment in Nuclear Education, February, http://www.ans.org/pi/fine/docs/finereport.pdf) The United States must have appropriate numbers of high-quality NSE graduates for the
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Such efforts will likely be required for an indefinite period in the future. Freed 9 (Josh, Vice President – Third Way Clean Energy Program, and Avi Zevin, Policy Advisor – Third Way, and Jesse Jenkins, Associate Director – Breakthrough Institute, "Jumpstarting a Clean Energy Revolution with a National Institutes of Energy", September, http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Jumpstarting_Clean_Energy_Sept_09.pdf) When the United States faces a significant challenge and decides it is critical to act
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limiting our access to a major economic driver of the next century.16 Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – U.S. Department of Energy’s Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, "Investing in Fusion Research Crucial to U.S. Competitiveness", PPPL Fact Sheet, http://www.pppl.gov/polImage.cfm?doc_Id=769%26size_code=Doc) QUESTION: Why should the U.S. maintain its funding of the fusion program and retain its leadership?
ANSWER: The first reason is U.S. competitiveness, both the specific
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U.S. contributed. And time is important in this problem. Energy leadership secures U.S. primacy and leverages great power rivalsKlarevas 9 (Louis, Professor at the Center for Global Affairs – New York University, "html", Huffington Post, 12-15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/louis-klarevas/securing-american-primacy_b_393223.html) By not addressing climate change more aggressively and creatively, the United States is squandering
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means of leverage that can be employed to keep potential foes in check. Brzezinski 12 (Zbigniew, Professor of American Foreign Policy at the School of Advanced International Studies – Johns Hopkins University, Counselor – CSIS and Trustee and Co-Chair – CSIS Advisory Board, Former National Security Advisor – Carter, "After America", Foreign Policy, January / February, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/artic-http://www.foreignpolicy.com/artic les/2012/01/03/after_america?page=full) For if America falters, the world is unlikely to be dominated by a single
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policy — or start bracing itself for a dangerous slide into global turmoil. Jervis 9 – Professor of International Politics
Robert, professor of international politics at Columbia University, Unipolarity: A Structural Perspective, World Politics, Muse To say that the system is unipolar is not to argue that the unipole can
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vision and believe that its leadership is benign. ~[End Page 211~] Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – U.S. Department of Energy’s Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, "Perspective On: The future of Fusion", 5-12, http://www.pppl.gov/polPressReleases.cfm?doc_id=772) Why should the U.S. maintain its funding of the fusion program?
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there as rapidly as they would if the U.S. contributed. And time is important in this problem. Freeman 10 (Marsh, Lecturer on Nuclear Physics – New York University, "The True History of The U.S. Fusion Program —And Who Tried To Kill It", 21st Century Science %26 Technology, Winter 2009/2010, p. 15-17) There is no disputing that the world is facing an energy crisis of vast proportions
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, and the descent has already begun. We must reverse it now. Lee 10 (Dr. Lee Sing, Adjunct Professor – INTI International University, and Dr. Saw Sor Heoh, Director – Centre for Plasma Research and Ph.D. in Plasma Physics – University of Malaysia, "Nuclear Fusion Energy- The Dawning of the Fusion Age", http://www.plasmafocus.net/IPFS/2011papers/0%202011%20Papers.htm-http://www.plasmafocus.net/IPFS/2011papers/0 2011 Papers.htm) *Gender Edited The world moves inexorably towards the biggest and most serious crisis Mankind has ever faced
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next half century- and that would be not a moment too soon. CN 12 (Challenge Network – International Partnership of Expert Individuals, Most of Whom Have Occupied Senior Planning or Management Roles in Commerce and the Public Sector, "Nuclear Fusion: Penurious Promise", The Challenge Network, http://www.chforum.org/scenario2012/paper-1-4.shtml) The section on technical potential shows that we are now in a position in which
AND it is an immense technical challenge. Resource wars are likely and cause extinctionWoolridge 9 (Frosty, Former Officer – US Army Medical Service Corps, "America Galloping Toward Its Greatest Crisis in the 21st Century", The Examiner, 5-22, http://www.examiner.com/examiner/x-3515-Denver-Political-Issues-Examiner~~y2009m5d22-America-galloping-toward-its-greatest-crisis-in-the-21st-century) "It is clear that most politicians and most citizens do not recognize that returning
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worst (and not unlikely) case, a nuclear war ending civilization. Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, "How Seawater Can Power the World", New York Times, 7-10, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/opinion/11Prager.html?_r=1%26ref=opinion) DEBATE about America’s energy supply is heating up
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that will shape our future. Scientists and engineers stand ready to help. Kammen 7 (Daniel, Professor in Public Policy Specializing in Energy and Resources – University of California, Berkeley, and Gregory F. Nemet, Professor of Public Policy – University of California, Berkeley, "Energy Myth Eleven – Energy R%26D Investment Takes Decades To Reach The Market", Energy and American Society – Thirteen Myths, Ed. Sovacool and Brown, p. 304-305) We also examined the thesis that these large programs "crowd out" other research
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across technologies, sectors, and the multiple stages of the innovation process. Sarewitz 3 (Daniel, Professor of Science and Society and Co-Director of the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes – Arizona State University, "Does Science Policy Exist, and If So, Does it Matter?: Some Observations on the U.S. R%26D Budget", Discussion Paper for Earth Institute Science, Technology, and Global Development Seminar, 4-8, http://www.cspo.org/documents/budget_seminar.pdf) It is not only axiomatic but also true that federal science policy is largely played
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budgetary trends? The first thing to be said is that it depends on which trends one chooses to examine. Betancor 12 (Fernando, International Business Analyst – Capital One, Master’s in Business Administration – Georgetown University and BA Economics – College of William %26 Mary, "The Energy Policy that Wasn’t", Common Sense, 1-20, http://www.fdbetancor.com/2012/01/20/the-energy-policy-that-wasnt/) A long-term, strategic energy policy would bring immediate
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Show leadership and give the country what it needs. Stable and predictable funding streams are keyThome 12 (Kathreen, Ph.D. Candidate in Nuclear Physics – University of Wisconsin, with 257 Graduate Students, "Student Fusion Funding Letter", 3-25, http://www.fusionfuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/wisc_student-http://www.fusionfuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/wisc_student fusionfundingletter.pdf) • Long-term progress in fusion research depends
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fusion energy program, but it can only move forward with adequate support. Kerry 12 (Senator John F., "Letter on Friday, March 2 to the Senate Appropriators to Support Fusion at the %24450 M Level", 3-2, http://www.pppl.gov/pdf/Kerry-JohnF.letter.pdf) I am writing you today to express my serious concerns
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to take a lead role in developing the next generation of energy research. Holt 12 (Rush, United States Representative, et al., "3-FY13 Office of Fusion Energy Sciences Letter to House Appropriations Energy %26 Water Subcommittee", 3-16, http://www.fusionfuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/OFES_Fusion_FY13_SIGNED_3_2012_dear_colleague.pdf) The Administration’s FY 2013 budget requests just %24248.3 million for the domestic
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to working with you on this issue as the appropriations process moves forward. Holdren 95 (John P., Professor of Energy – University of California, Berkeley, et al., "The U.S. Program of Fusion Energy Research and Development", Report of the Fusion Review Panel – The President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, July, http://science.energy.gov/~~/media/fes/fesac/pdf/1990-99/1995_jul.pdf) The principal objective of the U.S. program of fusion energy research and
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grow in relation to the capacities of individual nations to pay for it. The impact is failed states, terrorism, and diseaseFedoroff 8 (Dr. Nina, Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State and the Administrator of USAID, "Making Science Diplomacy More Effective", Testimony before the House Science Subcommittee on Research and Science Education, 4-2, http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/stas/2008/105286.htm) Chairman Baird, Ranking Member Ehlers, and distinguished members
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a means to enhance security, increase global partnerships, and create sustainability. TI 7 (Transnational Institute, Africa Studies Centre Report, "Failed and Collapsed States in the International System", April, http://www.tni.org/sites/www.tni.org/archives/reports/failedstates.pdf) In the malign scenario of global developments the number of collapsed states would grow significantly
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European states - could be faced with direct attacks on their national security. Keating 9 (Joshua, Web Editor – Foreign Policy Magazine, "The End of the World", Foreign Policy, 11-13, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full) How it could happen: Throughout history, plagues have brought civilizations to their knees
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. Biological weapons experimentation has added a new and just as troubling complication. Holdren 95 (John P., Professor of Energy – University of California, Berkeley, et al., "The U.S. Program of Fusion Energy Research and Development", Report of the Fusion Review Panel – The President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, July, http://science.energy.gov/~~/media/fes/fesac/pdf/1990-99/1995_jul.pdf) The sense of complacency in the United States engendered by this country’s relative energy-
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We hope that readers of our report will read that one, too. Makhijani 98 (Arjun, President – Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, "Statement Before the National Press Club", 7-15, http://ieer.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/1998/07/dtq-statement-arjun.pdf) We must prevent these new highly dangerous
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because of their smaller individual size and relative lack of fall-out. Anderson 6 – Philip W. Anderson, Joseph Henry Professor of Physics, Princeton University, et al, 2006, Nuclear Option Off the Table, http://physics.ucsd.edu /petition/DCflyer.pdf There are no sharp lines between small "tactical" nuclear weapons and large ones
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we urge the American people to make their voices heard on this matter. Funding must be full and federal to ensure leadership on safe next-gen techNM 12 (New Millennium Nuclear Energy Partnership, "A Strategy for the Future of Nuclear Energy: The Consolidated Working Group Report", June, http://content.thirdway.org/publications/540/Third_Way_Report_-_A_Strategy_for_the_Future_of_Nuclear_Energy.pdf) Enabling Success for the U.S. Government and Industry
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As this fundamental research transitions to the demonstration and deployment stages, industry should shoulder an increasing share of the funding responsibility. Lugar 8 (Dick, United States Senator – R-IN, "U.S. Energy Security and the 2008 Presidential Election", January, http://lugar.senate.gov/energy/press/speech/brookings2.cfm) Third, energy is the underlying condition that exacerbates almost every major foreign policy issue
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. I am confident that you will do the same. Thank you. Amineh 3 – Professor of International Relations @ Webster University ~[Mehdi Parvizi Amineh, Ph.D (Ph. D in Poli Sci @ University of Amsterdam %26 Senior research fellow and Programme director of the Energy Programme Asia @ International Institute for Asian Studies) "Globalisation, Geopolitics and Energy Security in Central Eurasia and the Caspian Region," Hand-out of lecture held on June 19 2003, Clingendael International Energy Programme, pg. ~] Prospect The increasing involvement of the US, the EU, Russia, China,
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war on terrorism in Afghanistan, and the war and crisis in Iraq. |
| 09/26/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Round 1 and 4 GSUThe United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial support for fusion energy research and development in the United States. Round 5 and 8 GSUThe United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial support for fusion energy production in the United States. The United States Federal Government should lift Work-for-Others ceilings pertaining to fusion energy production in the United States. Round 4,5, and 7 UKThe United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial support for fusion energy generation in the United States. The United States Federal Government should lift Federal Acquisition Regulations and Work-for-Others ceilings pertaining to fusion energy production in the United States. The United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial support for magnetic fusion energy generation in the United States. The United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial support for magnetic fusion energy generation in the United States. The United States Federal Government should substantially increase funding for Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory fusion energy generation. |
| 09/26/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Touran 12
(Nick, Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering – University of Michigan, "Power Basics (Terminology)", http://www.whatisnuclear.com/physics/power_basics.html) Before embarking on a meaningful discussion of nuclear power
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about 45 GWd/MT and fast reactors pushing 200GWd/MT. EIA 1
(US Energy Information Administration (Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, "Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy", http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
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regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government. EIA 99
(Energy Information Administration / Federal Energy Market Interventions 1999: Primary Energy, "3. Federal Energy Research and Development", http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/pdf/research.pdf) Research and Development Defined
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out of the $30 million for new or improved nuclear power plants. “Production” is combining atoms --- this includes RandDOntario 10 (Ontario Society of Professional Engineers, Energy Guide, 2-20, http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/doc_advocacy/2011_doc_20feb_energyguide.pdf) Nuclear fusion energy is produced by combining
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Its advantage lies in the vast amounts of hydrogen that lie in the Earth's oceans, which can supply anticipated global energy needs for centuries to come. OED 11 (Oxford English Dictionary, “for”, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/for?view=uk) in support of or in favour of (a person or policy):
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troops who had fought for Napoleon they voted for independence in a referendum Webb 93– lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa (Kernaghan, “Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives”, 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online) In this paper, "financial incentives" are taken to mean disbursements 18 of
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In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Mead 9 (Walter Russell, Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy – Council on Foreign Relations, American Interest, http://www.the-american-interest.com/ai2/article.cfm?Id=334andMId=16) Barry Posen puts his fingers on some of the classic and enduring tensions in American
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engagement than Jeffersonians want; this is unlikely to change any time soon. Weak heg escalates all their turns --- invites aggression, causes miscalc, and doesn’t deterFeaver 3 (Peter D., Professor of Political Science – Duke University, Armed Services: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations, p. 213) The civil-military problematique is a simple paradox: The very institution created to
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leading them to rash behavior and then failing in the ultimate military contest. Collapse causes re-intervention and nuclear war --- turns their impactsHirsch 3 (Michael, Senior Editor – Washington Bureau, At War With Ourselves, p. 10-11) Yes, it is possible. But first we must cross a psychological threshold ourselves
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a high-tech, nuclearized, and very lethal age of warfare. Taliaferro 1 (Jeffrey W., Professor of Political Science – Tufts University, “Realism, Power Shifts, and Major War”, Security Studies, 10(4), p. 157) All other things being equal, great powers that face deep and inevitable decline in
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possibility of conflict, since there are less costly means to avert decline. Tech leadership’s key to heg and solves great power warTaylor 5 (Mark, Professor of Political Science – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “The Politics of Technological Change: International Relations versus Domestic Institutions”, 4-1, http://www.scribd.com/doc/46554792/Taylor) Technological innovation is of central importance to the study of international relations (IR),
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and war, international systems wouldnot exist in the first place.'9 Su Chi 6/6/12 (Dr. Su Chi is Chairman of the Taipei Forum and formerly served as National Security Advisor (Secretary General of the NSC) to the President of Taiwan, “West vs. Rest” http://gt2030.com/2012/06/06/west-vs-rest/) I think the demise of the post-WWII, U.S.-led liberal world order is much exaggerated.
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Doing that, they are also helping themselves. Khanna, ’09 – Director of the Global Governance Initiative at the New America Foundation (Parag, The second world: how emerging powers are redefining global competition in the twenty-first century, p. 337-338) Even this scenario is optimistic, for superpowers are by definition willing to encroach on
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the current revolutionary situation is now—before the next world war.67 Multipolarity fails – can’t solve problems and no one will fill in effectivelySingh 8 (Robert Singh, Professor of Politics at the University of London, “The Exceptional Empire: Why the United States Will Not Decline — Again”, International Politics (2008) 45, 571–593. doi:10.1057/ip.2008.25) Aside from its elusiveness currently, however, this multipolar vision also has grievous normative
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as to advance the various emerging powers’ routes to great or superpower status.
Multipolarity would cause proliferation, terrorism, and nuclear warsArbatov 7 (Alexei Arbatov, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, member of the Editorial Board of Russia in Global Affairs, “Is a New Cold War Imminent,” Russia in Global Affairs, No. 2, July-September 2007, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1130.html) However, the low probability of a new Cold War and the collapse of American
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a nuclear device in one or several major capitals of the world. Christensen 9 (Thomas J. Christensen, Professor of Politics and International Affairs and Director of the China and the World Program, which is a joint venture between Princeton and Harvard Universities, deputy assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific Affairs 2006-2008, July 2009, “Shaping the Choices of a Rising China: Recent Lessons for the Obama Administration”, http://www.twq.com/09july/docs/09jul_Christensen.pdf) What does China want and what does the United States want from China? There
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diplomacy by channeling China’s competitive energies in more beneficial and peaceful directions. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Fusion solves Indian and Chinese energy shortagesDeshpande 6
(Shishir P., Project Director – ITER India, "Energy Needs of India", http://www.iter-india.org/fusion-energy/energy_needs_of_india.htm) India, the second largest populated nation in the world with more than a billion
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great opportunity to countries like India and China to meet their energy needs. Phillips 11
(Andrew, Ph.D. and Research Fellow in International Relations – Australian National University, "India-China Energy Race Could Stoke Conflict, But It Needn’t", First Post, 5-16, http://www.firstpost.com/world/chindia-energy-race-10157.html) A revolution in energy consumption is sweeping Asia. Rapid economic growth in China and
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the two countries threatens to further destabilise an already febrile regional security environment. Ogura 97
(Toshimaru and Ingyu Oh, Teachers – Economics, Monthly Review, April) North Korea, South Korea, and Japan have achieved quasi- or virtual nuclear
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hot conflict among these countries would threaten to escalate into a global conflagration. Witzsche 6 (Rolf A. F., Independent Economics Researcher and Author of Eleven Novels, “Nuclear Fusion Power”, Truth Versus Guns, 6-3, http://members.shaw.ca/rolfwitzsche/canada/nuclear_fusion.html) *Gender Modified It becomes necessary at this point to take a brief tour into the world of
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Let me give you an idea of the scale of the work that is already being done. Baker 12 (Matthew, Adjunct Junior Fellow – American Security Project, "It’s Time for Magnetic Fusion to Have a Seat at the Energy Table", ASP Flashpoint Blog, 6-25, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/its-time-for-magnetic-fusion-to-have-a-seat-at-the-energy-table/) Fusion would boost the economy
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would be dwarfed by the long-term ancillary benefits of feasible fusion. El-Erian 9 – CEO @ Pimco
Mohamed, chief executive and co-chief investment officer of Pimco, American Jobs Data are Worse than we Think, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1e06911c-6719-11de-925f-00144feabdc0.html~%23axzz1RAPfeGsO-http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1e06911c-6719-11de-925f-00144feabdc0.html This conventional wisdom is valid most, but not all of the time. There
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, the greater will be the cost to society of restoring economic stability. Panzer 8 (Michael J., Faculty – New York Institute of Finance, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138) The rise in isolationism and protectionism will bring about ever more heated arguments and dangerous
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between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war. Plan reduces waste production and destroys current waste. That’s our UT and Holland ev.Ewall ’11
(Mike Ewall is the founder and director of ActionPA, a state-wide environmental grassroots support group in Pennsylvania and the Energy Justice Network, a national organization to advance clean energy policies while aiding grassroots fights against dirty energy technologies. Energy Justice Network – November – http://www.energyjustice.net/files/ej/energy-ej.pdf) Nuclear power • Nuclear power disproportionately affects communities of color
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have been Native American lands. Plan reduces waste production and destroys current waste. That’s our UT and Holland ev.
And—that checks racist waste policy.Farrell ‘12
(Caroline Farrell is the Executive Director of the Center on Race, Poverty & Duke Forum for Law & Social Change – 2012 – lawrev; lexis) These disparate impacts were first identified in 1987 in a groundbreaking report from the United
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formation of public policy, self-determination, and workplace safety. n32 Wright ‘12
(et al; Dr. Beverly Wright is a Professor of Sociology at Dillard University and the founder of the Deep South Center for Environmental Justice. Duke Forum for Law & Social Change – 2012 – lawrev; lexis) People of color are disproportionately impacted by the environmental effects of hazardous waste disposal.
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have host neighborhoods comprised of a majority of people of color. n112 Ludes 11
(Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, “Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security”, American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) With the political will and the right investment, the potential strategic gains for the
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high-paying jobs for young people going into scientific and engineering fields. Grant 12 (Andrew, Associate Editor – Discover Magazine, “How to Survive the End of the Universe”, Discover Magazine, 2-28, http://discovermagazine.com/2011/dec/16-how-to-survive-the-end-of-the-universe/article_view?b_start:int=1and-C) So where to next? Martian colonies could pack up the spaceship and relocate to
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size of Earth, and believe many billions more exist within our galaxy. O’Hanlon 11 (Michael, Senior Fellow – Brookings Institution, "The National Security Industrial Base: A Crucial Asset of the United States Whose Future May Be in Jeopardy", 21st Century Defense Initiative Policy Paper, February, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/2/defense%20ohanlon/02_defense_-http://www.brookings.edu//media/research/files/papers/2011/2/defense ohanlon/02_defense_ ohanlon) The infrastructure that the base also depends on is also weakening, all the more
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encumbrances and hierarchical structures that traditionally afflict military organizations. Nuclear waste and accidents cause extinction —- fusion solvesWilson 12
(Taylor, Genius, Thiel Fellowship Winner and Youngest Person Ever to Build a Fusion Reactor, "Why We Need Nuclear Energy", CNN, 6-8, http://whatsnext.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/08/taylor-wilson-why-we-need-nuclear-energy/) One of these technologies, nuclear fusion, is perhaps the disruptive technology that we
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have the energy source we need to survive long into the future. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Randall 1 (Don M., President – University of Chicago, with other University Presidents, “Revitalizing Science in the Department of Energy”, American Physics Society White Paper, December, http://www.aps.org/policy/tools/ coalitions/esc/upload/Grassroots_2001_ESC_WhitePaperRevitalizingScienceDOE.pdf) “If the United States does not invest significantly more in public research and development
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sustains U.S. world leadership across most science and engineering disciplines. Carnegie 8 (Statement by Public Higher Education Leaders Convened By Carnegie Corporation of New York, http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Press_Releases2andTEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfmandCONTENTID=30394) At this critical juncture in our history, America's public research universities, state colleges
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diminishing state funding that supports less and less the cost of educating students. C) Monitoring. Federal grants are key to oversight. Ensures commercialization and international distribution.EDA 10 (EDA Magazine, “State of Basic Research Funding”, EDACafe, http://www10.edacafe.com/nbc/articles/view_article.php?articleid=209174andpage_no=1) Federal Funding of Scientific Research and Development
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companies, industries and countries. Only the federal government can insure this. Kleppner 9 (Daniel, Professor of Physics Emeritus – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al., Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age, p. 113) Research institutions and research sponsors have an interest in seeing data used to full advantage
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analogous to the Library of Congress should be established to undertake this mission. Layne 11 (R., EURATOM-CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, “Long Term Preservation of Scientific Data: Lessons from JET and Other Domains”, http://www.iop.org/Jet/fulltext/EFDC110302.pdf) - Introduction All fusion devices generate large amounts of data
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the experiment is in operation, and potentially for decades beyond that?
Conflicting priorities undermine state-level RandDMarburger 4 (John H. III, Ph.D., Director – Office of Science Technology Policy, and Committee Chair, et al., “Federal-State RandD Cooperation: Improving the Likelihood of Success”, Summary of a Workshop convened by the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 6-29, https://www.ida.org/upload/stpi/pdfs/fed_state.pdf) Barriers to Effective Partnerships Even when a State forms a
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in the pursuit of common interests. Barriers arise only when the goals of the partnership are inconsistent with those of the individual partners. Bradish 9 (David, Manager of Energy Information – Nuclear Energy Institute, “Policies That Support New Nuclear Power Plant Development”, NEI Fact Sheet, October, http://www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/documentlibrary/ newplants/factsheet/policiessupportnewplantdevelopment/) New nuclear power plants are expected to cost $6-8 billion each
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federal government's regulatory process, only the federal government can offset that risk. Jose 7
Managing partner of Jose & Associates and J.D. @ Georgetown
(Donald E and Michael A. Garza, "The Complete Federal Preemption of Nuclear Safety Should Prevent Scientifically Irrational Jury Verdicts in Radiation Litigation," 26 Temp. J. Sci. Tech. & Envtl. L. 1, Spring 2007) Federal law preempts radiation safety. n53 Unfortunately, the Cook judge and jury disregarded
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effectively regulates through monetary damages, and perhaps destroys n60 the nuclear industry |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Perm --- do the CP --- plan doesn’t commit to certainty --- “should” means desirable, not mandatoryAC 99 (Atlas Collaboration, “Use of Shall, Should, May Can,” http://rd13doc.cern.ch/Atlas/DaqSoft/sde/inspect/ shall.html) Shall 'shall' describes something that is mandatory. If a requirement uses 'shall', then that
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to be stated anywhere (to say nothing of defining what 'thoroughly' means). Webster’s 9 – Merriam Webster ‘9 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolved) # Main Entry: 1re•solve # Pronunciation
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determine 3 : consult, deliberate Doesn’t solve leadership --- signal of strong government commitment is key --- that’s Kammen --- and certainty, clarity, and durability are vitalDeutch 11 (John M., Institute Professor and Dean of Science – Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry – MIT, “An Energy Technology Corporation Will Improve the Federal Government’s Efforts to Accelerate Energy Innovation”, Brookings Institution Hamilton Project Discussion Paper, May, http://www.brook ings.edu//media/research/files/papers/2011/5/energy%20corporation%20deutch/05_energy_corporation_deutch_paper) IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
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competitiveness are broader economic objectives that are not unique to the energy sector. Barlas 12
Stephen, Columnist @ Financial Executive, 1/1, Lexis But it is highly unlikely that Obama's blueprint will lead to a firmer footing for
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efforts to substitute domestic natural gas for foreign petroleum features business versus business. CP predetermines outcome and forces rushed process --- both independently gut solvencySands 11 (Derek, Inside Energy with Federal Lands, 11/21, Lexis) In the wake of a major internal report on the future of the Energy Department's
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both administration and Congressional endorsement," Moniz told the lawmakers during the hearing. Either counterplan delays 3 years or attempts to speed up process gutting credibilityPCAST 10
Executive Office of the President, President’s Council of Advisors ¶ on Science and Technology, Nov, 10, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-energy-tech-report.pdf Our most important recommendation is that the Administration establish a new process that can forge
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advanced energy technologies ¶ that will define a robust 21st century energy system. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Role-play good. Doesn’t indoctrinate and makes best Real World education.Joyner ‘99
(Christopher C., Professor of International Law at Georgetown, “Teaching International Law”, 5 Ilsa. J. Int’l and Comp. L. 377, Lexis) Use of the debate can be an effective pedagogical tool for education in the social
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the real world of policy analysis, political critique, and legal defense. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Demand proof when they contextualize – not assertion. Pre-req to accuracy and scholarship.Hantrais ‘99
LINDA HANTRAIS is Professor of European Social Policy in the Department of Politics at Loughborough University. She has been Visiting Fellow at the Centre for International Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. International Journal of Social Research Methodology Date: April 1, 1999 – available via EBSCO database Contextualization is central to all three of these approaches. In the first case,
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about causality are drawn because the wrong level of inference is being used. First – Universals violent and make epistemology/ontology worse.Marcuse ‘64
Herbert Marcuse was a philosopher, sociologist and political theorist, and is regarded as one of the pioneers of the “New Left” – One-Dimensional Man Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society – from Chapter Five: Negative Thinking: The Defeated Logic of Protest http://www.erratum.org/datas/SPIRIT-PHILO-THEORY/Marcuse,%20Herbert/One%20Dimensional%20Man.pdf Those who bore the brunt of the untrue reality and who, therefore, seemed
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hypostatise identifiable and fungible units in the complex process of society and nature. Second – Can’t defend where their framework leads. Becomes rouse for flawed and politicized decisionsMelchior ‘1
(et al; Mary Beth Melchior is a visiting assistant professor of political science at Florida International University. She is the coauthor of "On-Site, Not Out of Mind: The Role of Experiential Learning in Doctoral Education" (with Vincent L Marando), published in PS: Political Science and Politics. Administration and Society33. 3 (Jul 2001): 251-275. Via ABI/INFORM Complete Database) The tendency of administrators to view their own perspective as correct-and thus justify
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ability of public administrators to contribute to a public discussion of policy issues. Dancy ‘5
Jonathan Peter Dancy is a British philosopher, working on epistemology and on ethics. He is currently Professor Emeritus at the University of Reading and Professor of Philosophy at University of Texas at Austin – 'Moral Particularism', The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2005 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2005/entries/ moral-particularism/x The previous section tried to lay out the main aspects of the particularist conception of
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one with more than one such principle cannot make proper sense of conflict. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Action not always fail – pessimism bias and alts more dangerous.Tallis ‘97
Raymond Tallis, Professor of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Manchester – Enemies of Hope: A Critique of Contemporary Pessimism, Published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312173261, p. 407-409 If we deny or rubbish the progress that mankind has already made, and at
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poverty of spirit and meanness of mind will not have the last word. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Reiter 2K
Howard L. Reiter is emeritus professor of political science at the University of Connecticut – Source: Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 115, No. 3 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 459-460Published by: The Academy of Political ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2658136 Protests in Seattle and elsewhere remind us that not all Americans are enamored with globalization
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modes of analysis that pose little threat to economic and political power structures. Small ‘6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context. Hardert ‘89
et al, Ronald A. Hardert, Ph.D., Emeritus Professor, Arizona State University – While at ASU, he was located in The School of Social and Family Dynamics, which is dedicated to enhancing the well-being of individuals, families and social institutions through innovative transdisciplinary research, instructional excellence and active community involvement. A Critical Theory Analysis of Nuclear Power: The Implications of Palo Verde Generating Station , Humanity and Society, 13:2 (1989:May) p.165 – available via MSU Electronic Resources, PAO Database – at: http://pao.chadwyck.com/PDF/1345510992292.pdf Conversely, American utilities were not eager to opt for nuclear power because that technology
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political problems now seem to be the most central issues for sociological analysis. Geras ‘5
(Norman, Emeritus Professor of Politics at the University of Manchester, "The Reductions of the Left," Dissent, 52:1, Winter, p. 57-58) THE SECOND PART of the answer- to which I now turn—is a
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-level and at the macro-level, involving large social forces. Issac, ‘2
(Jeffery, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University, Dissent, Vol. 49 No. 2, Spring) Politics, in large part, involves contests over the distribution and use of power
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Isaac 2 (Jeffrey C., Professor of Political Science – Indiana-Bloomington, Director – Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, Ph.D. – Yale, Dissent Magazine, 49(2), “Ends, Means, and Politics”, Spring, Proquest) As writers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Max Weber, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Hannah
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. Case outweighs --- nuclear war is coercive and causes extinction. Their authors concedeRothbard 73 (Murray, Dean of Austrian School, Head of Mises Institute, For A New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto, http://www.mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp#p263) Many libertarians are uncomfortable with foreign policy matters and prefer to spend their energies either
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capitalism, liberalism, or libertarianism—would be of no importance whatsoever. Paul 81 (Jeffrey, Professor of Philosophy, Bowling Green State University, Reading Nozick, p. 9-10) Like Scanlon, Judith Jarvis T'homson is skeptical about the possibility of defending the absolutely
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not as inflexible as Nozick's deontological conception of them leads him to believe. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Hirokawa 2 (Keith, L.L.M. – Northwestern School of Law, “Some Pragmatic Observations about Radical Critique in Environmental Law”, Stanford Environmental Law Journal, June, 21 Stan. Envtl. L.J. 225, Lexis) By rejecting commitments to theory, pragmatists are denied the benefit of having a justifying
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potential benefits of legal pragmatism for advocates and judges engaged in environmental disputes. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Kato wrong— Imagining potential nuclear wars serves as a collective warning against its possibility and opens up space for interrogating national values
Seed 2000
(David,Professor of English literature at the University of Liverpool, “Imagining the Worst: Science Fiction and Nuclear War,” Journal of American Studies of Turkey, Vol. 11, pp. 39-49, http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~jast/Number11/Seed.htm) A number of recurring features emerge from these narratives. In virtually every case the
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the more necessary is the reconfirmation of these narratives as mere imaginary extrapolations. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Imperial K wrong – US power not that bad and Alt is hopeless.Ashworth ‘10
Stephen Ashworth is a long-standing Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society. He works in academic publishing in the Voltaire Foundation, part of Oxford University – Towards the Sociology of the Universe, part 1 – “A Review of Dickens and Ormrod, Cosmic Society – 18 December 2010 – http://www.astronist.demon.co.uk/space-age/essays/Sociology1.html Any validity their criticisms of present-day society may possess is completely lost as
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100). The Joint Chiefs of Staff must be quaking in their boots. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Ontology not 1st and links to anti-politicsJarvis 2K
(D.S.L., Lecturer n Government - U of Sydney, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE CHALLENGE OF POSTMODERNISM, p. 128-9) Certainly it is right and proper that we ponder the depths of our theoretical imaginations
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than those foolish enough to be scholastically excited by abstract and recondite debate. Small ‘6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context. “Being” args are too sweeping and dangerous. The world is not *one* way and their totalizing view condemns real people to atrocity.Caputo ‘93
(John D., Watson Professor of Humanities at Syracuse University, Against Ethics, p. 70) That would mean you cannot have an obligation to Being or the Spirit or the
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remember. Replace it with a ranemo-technique for remembering proper names. Fusion causes re-constructive humanism. We turn their arg by avoiding fission and we change relationship to abundance.Charlesworth 7 (JJ, Writer – Art Monthly, Art Review, and Time Out London, “FUSION NOW! Art and the Politics of Energy”, Manifesto Club, 12-20, http://www.manifestoclub.com/fusionnowessay) There are many political issues that could be the subject for an art exhibition today
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The artists in FUSION NOW! move in and out of the various points where energy touches on questions of science, history, industry, aesthetics and subjectivity. Zimmerman 3 (Michael, Professor of Philosophy – Tulane University, Eco-Phenomenology : Back to the Earth Itself, p. 79-80) Heidegger's talk of "letting things be," "caring for beings," and being
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(if not "original" or "pristine") condition.2° Fusion checks massive death tolls and doesn’t link to Heidegger or Managerialism. If it does, then any alt would, too.
Lorimer ‘92
(Doug, Professor Emeritus – Tri University and Member – National Executive of the Democratic Socialist Party, “Should We Oppose Fusion Technology?”, Green Left Weekly, 2-19, http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/2210) Undemocratic technology? While he points out that with "more human and financial resources
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achieve. And Marxists certainly shouldn't oppose it because it requires scientific knowledge. Particularity beats ontology args. Such universals are wrong and makes poor scholarship.
Potrc ‘4
(et al; Dr. Matjaž Potrč is a Professor for Analytic Philosophy at the University of Ljubljana
Metaphysics: Ultimate and Regional Ontology – Inf. Filosofica, I/2004, 1, pp. 21-45. Also available as doc via conventional google search) Thus there is still the following logical possibility. (1) The ultimate ontology
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namely the rich and common sense compatible world of everyday objects and events. Only pragmatic approaches spill-over and effectual societal changeLight and Katz 96 (Andrew, Director of the Science Technology and Society Program – New Jersey Institute of Technology and Eric, Adjunct Professor of Philosophy – University of Alberta, Environmental Pragmatism, Ed. Light and Katz, p. 1) As environmental ethics approaches its third decade it is faced with a curious problem.
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address this crisis - its meaning, its causes and its possible resolution. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: K of linear model too sweeping and wrong.Chernoff ‘5
(Fred, Prof. of Political Science at Colgate The Power Of International Theory, p. 215) Experience does seem to support (non-point) predictions of human behaviour.
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with prediction in fact allow, on closer inspection, room for prediction.
Lake 11
(David A., Jerri-Ann and Gary E. Jacobs Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California – San Diego, “Why ‘‘isms’’ Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology,
and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress,” International Studies Quarterly (2011) 55, 465–480) These five pathologies combine to divert professional debate from the substance of world politics to
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religions. By whatever definition, we have stopped doing ‘‘science.’’ Fitzsimmons ‘6
(Michael, defence analyst in Washington DC “The problem of uncertainty in¶ strategic planning”. Survival, Winter 2006-2007. Accessed via EBSCO Host.) If the effects of stressing uncertainty were limited to contradictory statements in strategic-planning
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be considerably higher than would be necessary simply to deter Russia and China. Zanetti ‘97
Lisa A. Zanetti is an associate professor in the Harry S Truman School of Public Affairs at the University of Missouri-Columbia –American Review of Public Administration, June 1997 v27 n2 p145(23) – via Business and Company Resource Center database. This article addresses the current condition of critical theory in public administration. Despite 15
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version of the status quo--tinkering at the margins, nothing more. Cochran ‘99
Molly Cochran Assistant Professor of International Affairs @ Georgia Institute for Technology, Normative Theory in International Relations. 1999, Page 272 To conclude this chapter, while modernist and postmodernist debates continue, while we are
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pragmatic critique can be a useful ally to feminist and normative theorists generally. |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Multiple factors make this prediction impossible – Eurozone, Iran, healthcare, GOP infighting – AND ANY of them could sway the election in EITHER directionZelizer, CNN, 2-20-12
(Julian, Many wild cards could swing the 2012 presidential race, 2-20-12, http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/20/opinion/zelizer-unpredictable-election/index.html, accessed 2-22-12) PM The outcome of the election of 2012 is becoming even tougher to predict, since
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dramatic twists and turns and rapid changes in the fortunes of all the candidates Eriksson 11 (Jimmy, Professional freelancer in Green Technology and Scientific Development – RPN, “Fusion Energy: The Truth”, Renewable Power News, 6-23, http://www.renewablepowernews.com/archives/2580) Nuclear fusion energy remains vague or unknown to the general public for many years.
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manipulate its commercial prospects. Can fusion energy live up to its promises? Wood 12 (Elisa, “What Obama and Romney Don't Say About Energy”, AOL Energy, 9-13, http://energy.aol.com/2012/09/13/what-obama-and-romney-dont-say-about-energy/) Fossil fuels and renewable energy have become touchy topics in this election
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Even those who see nuclear as safe, say they understand why the candidates would want to steer clear of the discussion. Goodman 12 (Amy, Award Winning Journalist – The Guardian and Host – Democracy Now!, “Big Nuclear's Cosy Relationship with the Obama Administration”, The Guardian, 3-8, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/ cifamerica/2012/mar/08/big-nuclear-cosy-relationship-obama-administration) This is mind-boggling, on the first anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, with the chair
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Pac money), President Obama is fulfilling his promise to push nuclear power. Creamer, 11 – political strategist for over four decades
(Robert, he and his firm, Democracy Partners, work with many of the country’s most significant issue campaigns, one of the major architects and organizers of the successful campaign to defeat the privatization of Social Security, he has been a consultant to the campaigns to end the war in Iraq, pass health care, pass Wall Street reform, he has also worked on hundreds of electoral campaigns at the local, state and national level, "Why GOP Collapse on the Payroll Tax Could be a Turning Point Moment," Huffington Post, 12-23-11, www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-creamer/why-gop-collapse-on-the-p_b_1167491.html, accessed 9-1-12, mss) Strength and victory are enormous political assets. Going into the New
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you have them on the run - that's the time to chase them. Webster 10 (AJ, “Fusion Energy Branch”, Submission to the Institute of Physics Plasma Visions Survey 2010, 11-22) Block Grant Funding: CCFE is funded through a block-grant
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about fusion from influential politicians and respected scientists. Simonen 00 (T.C., Professor of Physics – University of California, Berkeley, “What is Happening With Fusion Energy?”, The Industrial Physicist, April, https://web.gat.com/pubs-ext/miscpubs/A23372.pdf) Fusion energy, the result of fusing light atoms such as hydrogen to form heavier
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much energy as 300 gallons of gasoline with just a little helium exhaust. Feehery 12 (John, Reporter – The Hill, “October Surprise”, The Hill – Pundit’s Blog, 8-28, http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/presidential-campaign/245965-october-surprise) What will this election’s October Surprise be?
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A lot can happen between now and November, including a big-time October Surprise. Fox 9 (Justin, Professor of Political Science – Yale University and Stuart V. Jordan, Professor of Political Science – University of Rochestor, “Delegation and Accountability”, 12-16, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1524585) Can legislators control bureaucrats' exercise of delegated authority?
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executive, and delegation necessarily diminishes \legislative power and with it accountability." Cunningham 11 (Pat, Columnist – RRS, “Here’s Why Outcome of Next Presidential Election is Impossible to Predict at this Point”, Rockford Register Star, 12-13, http://blogs.e-rockford.com/applesauce/2011/12/13/heres-why-outcome-of-next-presidential-election-is-impossible-to-predict-at-this-point/) Forty-seven weeks from today, tens of millions of Americans will flock to
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know at this point, it might turn out to be a landslide. Hartman 12 (Ray, St Louis Magazine executive and journalist @ CBS, June, http://www.stlmag.com/St-Louis-Magazine/June-2012/Think-Again-Nuclear-Power-Debate-Returns-to-Missouri-Politics/) .¶ Sound familiar?¶ Yes, nuclear power is back as a political issue
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After all, people vote their pocketbooks. Even if they happen to be glowing. Klein 9/17
Ezra Klein, author of the Washington Post’s Wonk Blog, “The Romney campaign is in trouble,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/wp/2012/09/17/romney-is-behind-and-the-debates-arent-likely-to-save-him/ On the presidential level, where everyone running campaigns is very, very good at
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crack under the pressure, then that comeback becomes that much less likely. Silver, 9-8
Nate Silver, “Sept. 8: Conventions May Put Obama in Front-Runner’s Position,” FiveThirtyEight, http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/08/sept-8-conventions-may-put-obama-in-front-runners-position/ Again, this is just the upside case for Mr. Obama — not the
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up with in October or November to suddenly put him over the top? Houston Chronicle, 9-4-2012 http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2012/09/ten-reasons-top-democrats-are-worried-about-the-2012-election/ Democrats, by nature, are worrywarts.¶ Even on the sunniest day, longtime
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big misstep by Obama — could tip the election to the Republican nominee. Enthusiasm gap, no minority turn-out and poor messaging- other models understand these effectsMorris 9-14
Dick Morris, a former political adviser to Sen. Trent Lott (R-Miss.) and President Bill Clinton, 9-14-2012 http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2012/09/14/why_romney_will_win_115452.html Now that both conventions are over, the dimensions of the likely Romney triumph are
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-elect their president or to command a majority in the new Senate. The Examiner, 9-18-2012
http://www.examiner.com/article/mitt-romney-likely-election-win-indicated-by-polls-released-today-from-key-swing Two national polls of the presidential race show Mitt Romney leading over President Obama while
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shows these five states and their value in electoral voters in dark red. Bovt 12 (Georgy, Political Analyst – Moscow Times, "Whether Obama or Romney, the Reset Is Dead", Moscow Times, 9-11, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/whether-obama-or-romney-the-reset-is-dead/467947.html) During every U.S. presidential election campaign, there is a debate in
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from both sides would itself be considered a major achievement in bilateral relations. Newsday 5 (2-27, Lexis) Relations between Washington and Moscow are now more like a marriage of convenience\
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Instead, it has turned into a wary relationship defined by a need to cooperate on mutually useful issues and by fundamental disagreements not easily resolved. TNR 9-27
http://www.tnr.com/blog/plank/107802/will-hugo-chavez-help-mitt-romney-win-the-election With pundits rushing to file their Romney campaign obits ahead of the rush, the
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Hugo Chávez might be about to hand him one on a plate. Chavez loss triggers unrest and spills over to affect the USCFR, 9-13-2012
http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/09/13/preventing-political-unrest-in-venezuela/ Will Chavez concede if Capriles wins? What happens if the results are too close
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promotion efforts, and put U.S. commercial interests at risk. WT, 9-20-2012
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/sep/20/embassy-row-crisis-in-caracas/ A former U.S. ambassador to Venezuela is warning of a possible political
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interference in the internal affairs of other states,” Mr. Duddy said. Roberts 11 (Russ, Professor of Economics – George Mason University and Research Scholar – Hoover Institution, "Political Reality Overtakes Principles So Winner Won’t Matter", The Boston Globe, 9-18, Lexis) HOW IMPORTANT is the 2012 presidential election? Imagine being visited in 2008 by a
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has the best chance of putting us back on the road to recovery? |
| 09/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Dean 12 (Dr. Stephen, President – Fusion Power Associates, “Fusion Confusion”, Living on Earth – Public Radio International, 3-23, http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=12-P13-00012andsegmentID=2) GELLERMAN: But if the funding for ITER is driving the budget crunch in
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that they have to keep their oar in. Domestic fusion’s key to ITER --- unique workforce --- that’s Prager --- and research nichesDean 12 (Dr. Stephen, President – Fusion Power Associates, “Fusion Confusion”, Living on Earth – Public Radio International, 3-23, http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=12-P13-00012andsegmentID=2) DEAN: Originally, say ten years ago, it was supposed to cost like five billion dollars.
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is an important potential hole in the international physics development. Feder 12 (Toni, Editor – Physics Today, “Progress in Fusion, But Not in its US Funding”, Physics Today, June, http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v65/i6/p25_s1?view=print) To meet its obligation, the US will have to ramp up spending on ITER
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Prager, director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. “It’s unbelievable.” Fonck 9 (Dr. Raymond J., Professor of Engineering Physics – University of Wisconsin-Madison, "The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research", Hearing before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 10-29, http://fire.pppl.gov/house_fusion_hearing_2010.pdf) Executing this transition of the program, and eventually deploying an integrated fusion nuclear science
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program could be fatally damaged if these transitions are not managed adroitly. Dean 12 (Stephen, President – Fusion Power Associates, "Senate Bill Raises Possibility of Withdrawl From ITER As Science Cuts Loom", Slashdot, 7-25, http://news.slashdot.org/story/12/07/25/136210/senate-bill-raises-possibility-of-withdrawl-from-iter-as-science-cuts-loom) "Are the knives coming out for ITER? A Senate Department of Energy spending
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reduce the deficit without starving U.S. science-funding agencies." Mason 12 (Thom, Director – Oak Ridge National Laboratory, "Thom Mason talks about U.S. ITER", Atomic City Underground – Knox News, July, http://blogs.knoxnews.com/munger/2012/07/thom-mason-talks-about-us-iter.html) So where does funding stand at the moment?
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"that could result in a shortfall, depending on how things play out." Bovt 12 (Georgy, Political Analyst – Moscow Times, "Whether Obama or Romney, the Reset Is Dead", Moscow Times, 9-11, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/whether-obama-or-romney-the-reset-is-dead/467947.html) During every U.S. presidential election campaign, there is a debate in
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or anti-U.S. rhetoric from both sides would itself be considered a major achievement in bilateral relations. |
| 10/06/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Fusion solves fission waste and Yucca storage. Even if full-fusion is distant, fusion neutron harnessing isn’t.UT ’9
(This is a Multi-Disciplinary release from the University of Texas – it internally quotes Physics Professors, Mechanical Engineers, and Fusion Experts. "Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid Could Destroy Nuclear Waste and Contribute to Carbon-Free Energy Future", 1-27, This article also appears in This article also appears in Science Daily on Jan 29th – both web addresses are included: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/-http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127131654.htm) "We have created a way to use fusion to relatively inexpensively destroy the waste
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product of fusion—neutrons—can be achieved in the near term. Yucca storage harms billions. Our author’s qual’d and beats "exaggeration" accusations.
Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm) None of that is impossible, and therefore none of that is unthinkable. We
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cannot create unnecessary catastrophic risks like biosphereicide, the agonizing death of billions. Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm) In several hundred thousand years, the waste at Yucca Mountain will still be deadly
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explosion ever. It could be the last bookkeeping error mankind ever made. The Squo and K alts must explain how they’ll get rid of current waste. It’s dangerous, goes to sea, and there’s few options.Cohen ’12
Dr. Martin Cohen has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. He studied philosophy and social science at Sussex University. He obtained a teaching qualification at Keele University and his PhD in philosophy of education from the University of Exeter. After research posts at universities in Britain and Australia, Cohen moved to France to concentrate on journalism. He is active in several environmental causes. Cohen has been a frequent contributor and reviewer for the New Statesman (on environmental issues) and the Guardian (London) (on the role of computers in education). He is also co-author of the published book The Doomsday Machine: the high price of nuclear energy. This article was written for Infowars.com on June 15, 2012, and was re-posted at: http://www.undergroundsunshine.com/article-of-nuclear-waste/ The history of ’fly-tipping’ nuclear waste is one of the great non
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challenges are "daunting", as the experience of the USA perfectly reveals. Van Dyke ’2
Jon M. Van Dyke is a Visiting Professor at Berkeley Law. He has taught International Law at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii. He is a leading practitioner in environmental and ocean law. He served as faculty for the Environmental Law Program at the School of Law at the Univ. of Hawaii – Ocean Development %26
International Law – vol 33:1, 77-108 – available via Taylor %26 Francis Database These shipments present risks of a magnitude totally different from any previous¶ ocean cargoes
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carrying radioactive cesium destined for medical purposes, but retrieval was not attempted. Craig ’3
Robin Kundis Craig has a background in several disciplines. She served as a member in Florida and Hawaii," 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, Lexis The world’s oceans contain many resources and provide many services that humans consider valuable.
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jelly." 864 More importantly, the Black Sea is not necessarily unique. And, on-site storage bad – already harms people now.Ross ’11
Sherwood Ross is a Miami-based consultant and columnist. He has reported for the Chicago Daily News, regularly writes for Reuters, and has worked as a columnist for wire services. Global Research, November 10, 2011 – http://www.globalresearch.ca/fukushima-japan-s-second-nuclear-disaster/?print=1 The thousands of tons of solid radioactive waste accumulating in the cooling pools next to
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a result of our nuclear plants, a story not being effectively told. Silverstein ’12
(Ken Silverstein is a journalist specializing in writing about energy. He is the editor-in-chief of EnergyBiz Insider. He is Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, "The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion", Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) "Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions
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without the carbon emissions or the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Fusion eliminates current waste and won’t make its own.Holland ’12
(Andrew Holland has a multi-disciplinary background. He currently serves as Senior Fellow for Energy and Climate
Expertise Energy, Climate Change, and Infrastructure Policy at the American Security Project. He is an experienced writer and strategic analyst. He has spoken about energy security, Arctic policy, and water resources at high-level events in South Korea, Brussels, Washington, London, Geneva, and China. He was the manager of the Transatlantic Dialogue on Climate Change and Security. This dialogue brought together subject experts from government, the military, NGOs, Think Tanks, and academia. He has a close relationship with a diverse group of energy, security, and environmental experts from around the world. Prior to joining the IISS, he was a Legislative Assistant on Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure for United States Senator Chuck Hagel of Nebraska. He holds a Master’s Degree in International Strategy and Economics from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and a Bachelor’s Degree in History and Economics from Wake Forest University. "America’s Energy Choices", ASP White Paper, 8-2, http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf-http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf) Fusion power does not produce radioactive waste at nearly the same level as fission.
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-term environmental sustainability of existing U.S. nuclear power plants. POTTIER ’97
JOHAN POTTIER – Professor, Department of Anthropology and Sociology with reference to Africa; SOAS, University of London, Review of "Stephen Devereux. Theories of Famine. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993 – Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 67, No. 2 (1997) – Dr Stephen Devereux – internally referenced – is an Economist working predominantly on food security, famine, rural livelihoods, social protection and poverty reduction at the University of Sussex – Jstor Scanning a variety of theories for a variety of famine settings, Devereux demonstrates the
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,whether common property assets are as fiercely protected as private ones are. Fusion solves supply shocks for two reasons. It will be shared. And, if it’s not, it still lowers prices by obviating US agro-fuel. Both solve global prices.Fusion for Freedom ’11
("We Can Feed the World With the Energy of Fusion", 6-3, http://www.fusion4freedom.com/food4all.html-http://www.fusion4freedom.com/food4all.html) The need for a change from fossil fuels is so much more than the high
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synthetic materials, the cost of clear greenhouse plastic will also drop greatly. Brown ’5
(Lester, President – Earth Policy Institute, , People and the Planet, "Falling Water Tables ’Could Hit Food Supply’", 2-7, http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2424) Many Americans see terrorism as the principal threat to security, but for much of
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For them, it is the next meal that is the overriding concern." OTA ’88
(Office of Technology Assessment – The Defense Technology Base: Introduction and Overview – Chapter Five – March 1988 – http://www.princeton.edu/~~ota/disk2/1988/8810/881007.PDF) Multiprogram Laboratories DOE nuclear weapons R%26D and nuclear materials production are of obvious
AND - and directing the Three Mile Island "Technical Information and Examination Program."
Gibbons ’97
(et al; John H. Gibbons – CHAIR OF THE REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON FEDERAL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CHALLENGES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY – Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy – PRESIDENT’S COMMITTEE OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PANEL ON ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT – NOVEMBER 1997 – http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-nov2007.pdf) More strongly linking the fundamental energy research and applied energy research programs may also have
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can effectively complement, leverage, or catalyze work in the private sector. Prager ’9
(Dr. Stewart C., Director – Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, "The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research", Hearing before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 10-29, http://fire.pppl.gov/house_fusion_hearing_2010.pdf) Second, Congressman Rohrabacher asserted that there has been little progress in fusion energy.
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The scientific knowledge has existed for some time to achieve this milestone. We’re not pro-State, but we’re "anti-anti State". Some things can ONLY be solved "through the system" – and lifting existing State-exclusions on fusion are such an issue:Barbrook ’97
(Dr. Richard, School of Westminster, Nettime, "More Provocations", 6-5, ¶ http://www.nettime.org/Lists-Archives/nettime-l-9706/msg00034.html) I thought that this position is clear from my remarks about the ultra-left
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can be a fun artistic pose. However, human suffering is not. Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf) This paper is a mixture of narrative and theory. The narratives were collected from
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new vocabularies, can have in creating a more just distribution of power. Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf) This fits well with our conception of ironic curriculum, in the sense that students
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created a safe place for students to challenge the vocabulary of civics education. And, if the debate winds-up a "tie", presumption should shift in favor of change – best avoids nihilism.Sweeping claims don’t undercut the Aff. We can advance contingent and particular knowledge without "Big T" Epistemology.PRICE ’98
(RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications – http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf) One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that
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violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself. Particularity standard best – improves decisions and scholarship.Smith ’6
Dr. Benedict Smith – Research Fellow in the Department of Philosophy and a member of staff at the University of Durham – Acta Analytica – Volume 21, Number 2 – available via Springer Link Database In a related way, Dancy seeks to undermine certain ’coercive’ (Dancy 1993:
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serve to rationally constrain any candidate beliefs or actions in a given circumstance. Razani ’12
(Rezwan, Former Instructor at Shiraz University. MRP, City and Regional Planning @ Cornell. Bachelor of Arts, Environmental Science @ UC-Berkeley. Also serves as Executive Director – Focus Fusion Society, "Batman Fusion Redemption", Fusion Energy League, 7-26, http://www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/batman_fusion_redemption) Fusion doesn’t melt down. TDKR confuses fission and fusion. Fission (FIZZ)
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energy with nuclear weapons means: Nuclear Energy Loses. Nuclear Weapons WIN. And, we’ll indict "pre-fiat" and micro-politics. Those args mask that macro-politics shapes the local more than vice-versa.Ebert ’5
Teresa L. Ebert is a professor of cultural theory at the University at Albany, State University of New YorkScience %26 Society, Vol. 69, No. 1, January 2005, 33–55, available at: http://people.missouristate.edu/WilliamBurling/Adobe%20files/Rematerializing%20Feminism.pdf The emergence of micropolitics marks the impact of the globalization of capitalist production and the
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ethnographical studies of the behavior of the subject in its multiple consuming relations. Eliasoph ’97
Nina Eliasoph is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern California –Theory and Society, Vol. 26, No. 5 (Oct., 1997), pp. 605-647 – Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/658024 If it’s not something that ~[pause~] effects ~[pause~] my ~[pause
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horizons, sometimes it shrinks them, sometimes it does both at once. Eliasoph ’97
Nina Eliasoph is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern California –Theory and Society, Vol. 26, No. 5 (Oct., 1997), pp. 605-647 – Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/658024 If the key to the mystery of "close to home" is not deformed
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they take anything else seriously, or acknowledge that close and far are inseparable Small ’6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, "Moving Forward," The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context. Chandler ’9
David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster – ’The Global Ideology: Rethinking the Politics of the "Global Turn" in IR’, International Relations, Vol. 23, No. 4 (2009), pp. 530-547.
http://www.davidchandler.org/pdf/journal_articles/Journal%20of%20Int%20Rels%20-%20Global%20Ideology%20published.pdf While the Cold War discipline of international relations is understood in ideological terms of power
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rather than as a result of the expanded nature of collective political engagement. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Burnett 12 (Burke, Executive Secretary – Pacific Science Association, Executive Director – Indo-Pacific Conservation Alliance, and MA in International Relations – Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, "CBS News Segment On Potentially Game-Changing Fusion Research", EnterSpace, 4-1, http://enterspace.typepad.com/blog/2012/04/fusion-research-at-nif.html-http://enterspace.typepad.com/blog/2012/04/fusion-research-at-nif.html) In terms of physics, there is no barrier to fusion as a successful source
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the board, which would render these zero-sum budget games moot. Optimism warranted in this narrow instance. Money’s the outstanding variable.Prager ’9
(Dr. Stewart C., Director – Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, "The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research", Hearing before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 10-29, http://fire.pppl.gov/house_fusion_hearing_2010.pdf) Second, Congressman Rohrabacher asserted that there has been little progress in fusion energy.
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. The scientific knowledge has existed for some time to achieve this milestone. Co-optation and Hoarding of this particular technology is difficult – fusion safe and abundantCarr ’12
Jacob, University of Pittsburgh and Research Engineer – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Ty Gumbert, Engineering – University of Pittsburgh, "Nuclear Fusion Technologies and Their Applications as a Global Power Source", 136.142.82.187/eng12/Chair/data/papers/2186/2186.docx The upsides of fusion outweigh the downsides by a landslide. One of the
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be built makes them very desirable and advantageous as an applicable power source. Fusion solves fission waste and Yucca storage. Even if full-fusion is distant, fusion neutron harnessing isn’t.UT’9
(This is a Multi-Disciplinary release from the University of Texas – it internally quotes Physics Professors, Mechanical Engineers, and Fusion Experts. "Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid Could Destroy Nuclear Waste and Contribute to Carbon-Free Energy Future", 1-27, This article also appears in This article also appears in Science Daily on Jan 29th – both web addresses are included: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/-http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127131654.htm) "We have created a way to use fusion to relatively inexpensively destroy the waste
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product of fusion—neutrons—can be achieved in the near term. Yucca storage harms billions. Our author’s qual’d and beats "exaggeration" accusations.
Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm) None of that is impossible, and therefore none of that is unthinkable. We
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cannot create unnecessary catastrophic risks like biosphereicide, the agonizing death of billions. Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm) In several hundred thousand years, the waste at Yucca Mountain will still be
deadly
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explosion ever. It could be the last bookkeeping error mankind ever made. The Squo and K alts must explain how they’ll get rid of current waste. It’s dangerous, goes to sea, and there’s few options.Cohen ’12
Dr. Martin Cohen has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. He studied philosophy and social science at Sussex University. He obtained a teaching qualification at Keele University and his PhD in philosophy of education from the University of Exeter. After research posts at universities in Britain and Australia, Cohen moved to France to concentrate on journalism. He is active in several environmental causes. Cohen has been a frequent contributor and reviewer for the New Statesman (on environmental issues) and the Guardian (London) (on the role of computers in education). He is also co-author of the published book The Doomsday Machine: the high price of nuclear energy. This article was written for Infowars.com on June 15, 2012, and was re-posted at: http://www.undergroundsunshine.com/article-of-nuclear-waste/ The history of ’fly-tipping’ nuclear waste is one of the great non
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challenges are "daunting", as the experience of the USA perfectly reveals. Van Dyke ’2
Jon M. Van Dyke is a Visiting Professor at Berkeley Law. He has taught International Law at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii. He is a leading practitioner in environmental and ocean law. He served as faculty for the Environmental Law Program at the School of Law at the Univ. of Hawaii – Ocean Development %26
International Law – vol 33:1, 77-108 – available via Taylor %26 Francis Database These shipments present risks of a magnitude totally different from any previous¶ ocean cargoes
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carrying radioactive cesium destined for medical purposes, but retrieval was not attempted. Craig ’3
Robin Kundis Craig has a background in several disciplines. She served as a member in Florida and Hawaii," 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, Lexis The world’s oceans contain many resources and provide many services that humans consider valuable.
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jelly." 864 More importantly, the Black Sea is not necessarily unique. And, on-site storage bad – already harms people now.Ross ’11
Sherwood Ross is a Miami-based consultant and columnist. He has reported for the Chicago Daily News, regularly writes for Reuters, and has worked as a columnist for wire services. Global Research, November 10, 2011 – http://www.globalresearch.ca/fukushima-japan-s-second-nuclear-disaster/?print=1 The thousands of tons of solid radioactive waste accumulating in the cooling pools next to
AND
a result of our nuclear plants, a story not being effectively told. Silverstein ’12
(Ken Silverstein is a journalist specializing in writing about energy. He is the editor-in-chief of EnergyBiz Insider. He is Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, "The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion", Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) "Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions
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without the carbon emissions or the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Fusion eliminates current waste and won’t make its own.Holland ’12
(Andrew Holland has a multi-disciplinary background. He currently serves as Senior Fellow for Energy and Climate
Expertise Energy, Climate Change, and Infrastructure Policy at the American Security Project. He is an experienced writer and strategic analyst. He has spoken about energy security, Arctic policy, and water resources at high-level events in South Korea, Brussels, Washington, London, Geneva, and China. He was the manager of the Transatlantic Dialogue on Climate Change and Security. This dialogue brought together subject experts from government, the military, NGOs, Think Tanks, and academia. He has a close relationship with a diverse group of energy, security, and environmental experts from around the world. Prior to joining the IISS, he was a Legislative Assistant on Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure for United States Senator Chuck Hagel of Nebraska. He holds a Master’s Degree in International Strategy and Economics from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and a Bachelor’s Degree in History and Economics from Wake Forest University. "America’s Energy Choices", ASP White Paper, 8-2, http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf-http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf) Fusion power does not produce radioactive waste at nearly the same level as fission.
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-term environmental sustainability of existing U.S. nuclear power plants. Rejecting markets and fusion foregoes a means to end fission and get fusion.Science Master ’10
(The ScienceMaster team includes science professionals, educators, subject matter experts, and technical advisors who work collaboratively to bring you the best science resources. Their goal is to bring scientific issues to the attention of today’s youth by using the Internet – Sept 13th – available at: http://www.sciencemaster.com/jump/physical/fusion_energy.php) The successful commercialization of fusion energy (which could be realized by the middle of
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controlled fusion can reach its potential as an environmentally benign source of energy. POTTIER ’97
JOHAN POTTIER – Professor, Department of Anthropology and Sociology with reference to Africa; SOAS, University of London, Review of "Stephen Devereux. Theories of Famine. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993 – Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 67, No. 2 (1997) – Dr Stephen Devereux – internally referenced – is an Economist working predominantly on food security, famine, rural livelihoods, social protection and poverty reduction at the University of Sussex – Jstor Scanning a variety of theories for a variety of famine settings, Devereux demonstrates the
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, whether common property assets are as fiercely protected as private ones are. Fusion solves supply shocks for two reasons. It will be shared. And, if it’s not, it still lowers prices by obviating US agro-fuel. Both solve global prices.Fusion for Freedom ’11
("We Can Feed the World With the Energy of Fusion", 6-3, http://www.fusion4freedom.com/food4all.html-http://www.fusion4freedom.com/food4all.html) The need for a change from fossil fuels is so much more than the high
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synthetic materials, the cost of clear greenhouse plastic will also drop greatly. Brown ’5
(Lester, President – Earth Policy Institute, , People and the Planet, "Falling Water Tables ’Could Hit Food Supply’", 2-7, http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2424) Many Americans see terrorism as the principal threat to security, but for much of
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For them, it is the next meal that is the overriding concern." The United States Federal Government should lift Federal Acquisition Regulations and Work-for-Others ceilings pertaining to fusion energy production in the United States.OTA ’88
(Office of Technology Assessment – The Defense Technology Base: Introduction and Overview – Chapter Five – March 1988 – http://www.princeton.edu/~~ota/disk2/1988/8810/881007.PDF) Multiprogram Laboratories DOE nuclear weapons R%26D and nuclear materials production are of obvious
AND - and directing the Three Mile Island "Technical Information and Examination Program."
Jones ’3
(David – Editor for Platt’s Renewable Energy Report – Inside Energy /with Federal Lands – November 10, 2003 – lexis) The planning and preparation of any ~burning plasma experiment~ must engage a broad
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expect it will be an issue in the future,’’ he said. Gibbons ’97
(et al; John H. Gibbons – CHAIR OF THE REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON FEDERAL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CHALLENGES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY – Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy – PRESIDENT’S COMMITTEE OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PANEL ON ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT – NOVEMBER 1997 – http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-nov2007.pdf) More strongly linking the fundamental energy research and applied energy research programs may also have
AND
can effectively complement, leverage, or catalyze work in the private sector. We’re not pro-State, but we’re "anti-anti State". Some things can ONLY be solved "through the system" – and lifting existing State-exclusions on fusion are such an issue:Barbrook ’97
(Dr. Richard, School of Westminster, Nettime, "More Provocations", 6-5, ¶ http://www.nettime.org/Lists-Archives/nettime-l-9706/msg00034.html) I thought that this position is clear from my remarks about the ultra-left
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can be a fun artistic pose. However, human suffering is not. Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf) This paper is a mixture of narrative and theory. The narratives were collected from
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new vocabularies, can have in creating a more just distribution of power. Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf) This fits well with our conception of ironic curriculum, in the sense that students
AND
created a safe place for students to challenge the vocabulary of civics education. Our Particularity Thesis – Sweeping claims don’t undercut the Aff. We can advance contingent and particular knowledge without "Big T" Epistemology.PRICE ’98
(RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications – http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf) One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that
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violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself. Hantrais ’99
LINDA HANTRAIS is Professor of European Social Policy in the Department of Politics at Loughborough University. She has been Visiting Fellow at the Centre for International Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. International Journal of Social Research Methodology Date: April 1, 1999 – available via EBSCO database Contextualization is central to all three of these approaches. In the first case,
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about causality are drawn because the wrong level of inference is being used. Fusion is distinct and challenges military-industrial complex. Sweeping K’s HELP elites.Razani ’12
(Rezwan, Former Instructor at Shiraz University. MRP, City and Regional Planning @ Cornell. Bachelor of Arts, Environmental Science @ UC-Berkeley. Also serves as Executive Director – Focus Fusion Society, "Batman Fusion Redemption", Fusion Energy League, 7-26, http://www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/batman_fusion_redemption) Fusion doesn’t melt down. TDKR confuses fission and fusion. Fission (FIZZ)
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energy with nuclear weapons means: Nuclear Energy Loses. Nuclear Weapons WIN. Even if "fiat is not real", and the Aff does not control levers of power today, we avoid a curriculum that teaches the most dangerous nihilism.Hoff ’6
(et al, Dr. Dianne Hoff, professor in the College of Education and Human Development and president of Faculty Senate, University of Maine, Journal of Educational Administration, 44:3 – available via Emerald Management 120 database). There is no question that helping educational leadership students become self-analytical and reflect
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. This is an arena from which a new social order can emerge. And, if the debate winds-up a "tie", presumption should shift in favor of change – best avoids nihilism.Small ’6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, "Moving Forward," The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context. Serial Policy Failure wrong and Policy Nihilism Bad.Tallis ’97
Raymond Tallis, Professor of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Manchester – Enemies of Hope: A Critique of Contemporary Pessimism, Published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312173261, p. 407-409 If we deny or rubbish the progress that mankind has already made, and at
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poverty of spirit and meanness of mind will not have the last word. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: And, Pottier concludes racist, colonial violence doesn’t explain famine.Pottier ‘97
Johan Pottier – Professor, Department of Anthropology and Sociology with reference to Africa; SOAS, University of London, Review of “Stephen Devereux. Theories of Famine. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993 – Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 67, No. 2 (1997) – Dr Stephen Devereux – internally referenced – is an Economist working predominantly on food security, famine, rural livelihoods, social protection and poverty reduction at the University of Sussex – Jstor Scanning a variety of theories for a variety of famine settings, Devereux demonstrates the
AND
, whether common property assets are as fiercely protected as private ones are. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Elliot 5(Grant, Professor at MIT, "US Nuclear Weapon Safety and Control," 12/12, http://web.mit.edu/gelliott/Public/sts.072/paper.pdf) The US nuclear arsenal is certainly safe and secure, but this is not to
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ENDS, IHE, and FRP, help to prevent devastating nuclear accidents. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: JET, ITER, and the Sun prove it’s feasible. Money’s key.Forshaw 12 (Jeff, Professor of Theoretical Physics – University of Manchester, "Nuclear Fusion – Your Time Has Come", The Guardian, 9-10, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/sep/16/nuclear-fusion-iter-jet-forshaw?newsfeed=true) A fusion reactor called Iter is currently under construction in France
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event at the Joint European Torus (Jet) in Culham, Oxfordshire. *It’ll overcome remaining barriersHolland 12 (Andrew, Senior Fellow – American Security Project and Nicholas Cunningham, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate – American Security Project, "Through Innovation and Investment, the U.S. Can Lead in Next-Generation Energy, Nuclear Fusion", AOL Energy, 8-3, http://energy.aol.com/2012/08/03/through-innovation-and-investment-the-u-s-can-lead-in-next-gen/?icid=trending1) One striking example is the proposed budget cuts for fusion energy. Research in fusion
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million cut from the domestic fusion program, a drastic reduction of 16%. Mauel 12 (Michael E., Professor of Applied Physics – Columbia University, "Will Fusion Realize Its Potential?", Our Energy Policy, 4-5, http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/will-fusion-realize-its-potential/) Here’s a personal "physics" prediction: there will be breakthroughs in fusion research
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fields of physics and make possible other industries that we haven’t yet imagined. Meijer 1 (Wayne, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, et al., "Role of Fusion Energy in a Sustainable Global Energy Strategy", March, http://www.ntis.gov/search/product.aspx?ABBR=DE2001776207) There have been dramatic recent advances in both the scientific understanding of fusion plasmas and
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fusion. We discuss scenarios for fusion energy deployment in the energy market. Bednyagin 10 (Dr. Dennis, Ph.D. and Research Assistant – Laboratory of Energy Systems, "Socio-Economic Assessment of Fusion Energy Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Programme", http://biblion.epfl.ch/EPFL/theses/2010/4732/EPFL_TH4732.pdf) Looking at the second half of the century we have to admit that controlled thermonuclear
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even earlier if a more ambitious Fusion R%26D programme is undertaken. Bednyagin 10 (Dr. Dennis, Ph.D. and Research Assistant – Laboratory of Energy Systems, "Socio-Economic Assessment of Fusion Energy Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Programme", http://biblion.epfl.ch/EPFL/theses/2010/4732/EPFL_TH4732.pdf) Looking at the second half of the century we have to admit that controlled thermonuclear
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even earlier if a more ambitious Fusion R%26D programme is undertaken. Augustine 12 (Norman R., Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer – Lockheed Martin Corporation, et al., "The United States Is In Danger Of Losing Its Competitive Edge", Letter to Congress by the American Security Project, 1-20, http://americansecurityproject.org/news/2012/letter-the-united-states-is-in-danger-of-losing-its-competitive-edge-the-united-states-is-in-danger-of-losing-its-competitive-edge/) We, members of the Board of Directors of the American Security Project
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necessary to bring this game-changing technology to market. Cunningham 12 (Nicholas, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate – American Security Project, "The Future of Fusion", American Security Project Blog, 6-5, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/the-future-of-fusion/) Fourth, a robust fusion industry would have important
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China, South Korea and Japan increase their investments in fusion technology. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Holland 12
(Andrew, Senior Fellow – American Security Project, "America’s Energy Choices", ASP White Paper, 8-2, http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf-http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf) Environmental Sustainability Fusion power does not produce
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environmental sustainability of existing U.S. nuclear power plants. Ludes 11
(Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, "Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security", American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf-https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) With the political will and the right investment, the potential strategic
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high-paying jobs for young people going into scientific and engineering fields. Critiques of scientific knowledge, environmental management, and consumption don’t disprove the need for fusionLorimer 92
(Doug, Professor Emeritus – Tri University and Member – National Executive of the Democratic Socialist Party, "Should We Oppose Fusion Technology?", Green Left Weekly, 2-19, http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/2210) Undemocratic technology? While he points out that
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because it requires scientific knowledge. Fusion is a direct challenge to the military-industrial complex —- conflating nuclear energy with weapons plays into the hands of elitesRazani 12
(Rezwan, Executive Director – Focus Fusion Society, "Batman Fusion Redemption", Fusion Energy League, 7-26, http://www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/batman_fusion_redemption) Fusion doesn’t melt down
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Nuclear Energy Loses.¶ Nuclear Weapons WIN Fusion affirms the possibility of abundance —- this directly challenges elite, capitalist notions of scarcity and rejects overly pessimistic prescriptions about human potentialCharlesworth 7
(JJ, Writer – Art Monthly, Art Review, and Time Out London, "FUSION NOW! Art and the Politics of Energy", Manifesto Club, 12-20, http://www.manifestoclub.com/fusionnowessay) There are many political issues that could be the subject for an art exhibition today
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history, industry, aesthetics and subjectivity. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: General Neg ev about the State or Role-Play is too sweeping. Our PARTICULAR Conflix model teaches strategies for dealing with racial and non-race based oppression.Oblinger ’4
(Diana Oblinger is vice president for the EDUCAUSE teaching and learning initiatives and directs the National Learning Infrastructure Initiative (NLII). Previously, Oblinger was on the faculty at Michigan State University and the University of Missouri–Columbia, where she also she served as an academic dean.– "Games in Higher Ed" – last footnote was in 2004 – article may be from 2005 – http://www.simventure.co.uk/sites/default/files/Games%20in%20HE.pdf) The Interactive Communications and Simulation group at the University of Michigan has developed a character
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of others Games allow users to evaluate their skill and compare themselves to others Seligman ‘11
Brad Seligman – Lead Counsel, Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc – The nationwide class action gender
discrimination case against Wal-Mart Stores and founder of the Impact Fund, which provides financial and technicalassistance and representation for complex public interest litigation – Clearinghouse REVIEW Journal of Poverty Law and Policy – January–February 2011 – http://www.impactfund.org/downloads/Resources/UsingLawForChange-Seligman.pdf Litigation as a tool for social change has a long and proud tradition in the
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And I remind readers to take pride in and enjoy their work. Pessimism towards progressivism inverts the error and makes racism worse. This card rules:Jones ‘99
Richard Wyn Jones is at Cardiff University, where he is currently a Professor of Politics. Professor Wyn Jones is the former Director of the Institute of Welsh Politics and professor in critical security studies at Aberystwyth University. Security, Strategy, and Critical Theory – 1999. ISBN 1-55587-335-9 (hc. :alk. paper) ON-LINE ED.: Columbia International Affairs Online, Transcribed, proofread, and marked-up in HTML, September 1999. An even more troubling feature of Adorno and Horkheimer’s analysis is the downplaying of individual
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around them in a progressive direction. Adorno and Horkheimer’s pessimism is unwarranted. Our “even if” arg. If they win the State’s uniformly racist in current form, still vote Aff. Ignores reconstructive liberalism, and what the State *could yet become*. Contextualizes to plan and perm
Ward ‘99
Cynthia V. Ward – Professor of Law, College of William and Mary. WILLIAM AND MARY LAW REVIEW Vol. 40:719 – http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1554andcontext=wmlr However bruised by the continuous attacks of its radical critics, "liberal legalism"
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form, will become the single most dramatic result of radical legal theory. Sweeping rejection is wrong and empowers the rightBronner 4
Stephen Eric Bronner, Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University, 2004, Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement, p. 160 Critics of the Enlightenment may have correctly emphasized the price of progress, the costs
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transcend the crude categories of technical criteria and slide-rule measurements.”7 And, our “Even If” arg. Suppose macro-simulation changes nothing in this room. Their pre-fiat args design a local curriculum. If we fail, we still avoid the disads to extreme localism.
Hoff ‘6
(et al, Dr. Dianne Hoff, professor in the College of Education and Human Development and president of Faculty Senate, University of Maine, Journal of Educational Administration, 44:3 – available via Emerald Management 120 database). There is no question that helping educational leadership students become self-analytical and reflect
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. This is an arena from which a new social order can emerge.
Collins 98
(Patricia Hill, Professor of Sociology – University of Cincinnati, Fighting Words, p. 135-137) In this academic context, postmodern treatment of power relations suggested by the rubric of
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relations in academia or elsewhere. Ironically, their privilege may actually increase. A2: Standpoint EpistemicsStandpoint epistemics are too sweeping and dangerous. Dismisses dominant standpoints that emancipate.Dépelteau ‘8
François Dépelteau is an Assistant Professor at Laurentian University (Dept of Sociology). His research interests are centered on social theory, classes and social movements – April 2007 – TOWARDS A RELATIONAL-CRITICAL THEORY: SOME REMARKS ON ELIAS’ CONCEPTS – this is from the proceedings of a Brazilian conference called “X Simposio Internacional – Processo Civlizador
http://www.uel.br/grupo-estudo/processoscivilizadores/portugues/sitesanais/anais10/Artigos_PDF/Francois_Depelteau.pdf Critical theory is not only an anti-positivistic attack against neutral, ‘pure’
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his/her own household. (Horkheimer 1972: 215-216) James ’10
(Michael James, Bucknell University Faculty, Contemporary Political Theory; Cultural and Ethnic Pluralism; Law and Legal Theory – Ph.D., Duke University – "The Political Ontology of Race" – APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper – available via: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1643755) The role of agency in the political ontology of race reveals
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by the political ontology of race than by the social or biological ontologies. Wilderson’s argument is too sweeping, denies Black agency, and links to anti-politicsBÂ 11
(Dr. Saër Maty, Professor of Film – University of Portsmouth and Co-Editor – The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration, "The US Decentred: From Black Social Death to Cultural Transformation", Cultural Studies Review, 17(2), September, p. 385-387) WILDERSON’S WHITE WATCH SEES RED ON BLACK: SOME WEAKNESSES
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The coffle approaches with its answers in tow.’ (340) Mahoney ’92
(MARTHA R. MAHONEY – Associate Professor, University of Miami School of Law. Southern California Law Review – University of Southern California – March, 1992 – 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1283 – lawrev; lexis) Once exit is defined as the appropriate response to abuse, then staying can be
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oppression and resistance, rather than one of victimization and inconsistent personal behavior. He so-insists on work "outside the State" that Mandela condemned Wilderson’s desire for unworkable absolutism.Burroughs ’9
(Dr. Todd S. Burroughs is a Lecturer in the Department of Communication Apartheid, by Frank B. Wilderson, III. South End Press.498 pp. %2418. – Feb 5th – http://whosemedia.com/drums/2009/02/05/a-real-life-dan-and-huey-freeman/) Wilderson is anything but a good Black liberal. A laughable notion, that,
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sound when it hits the water. It’s a sound I never hear." History sides with Mandela. Mandela was not "un-extreme" – but doses of reformism were vital in South Africa.Grossberg ’92
(Lawrence, Professor of Communication at the University of Illinois, We Gotta Get Out Of This Place, p. 390-391) But this would mean that the Left could not remain outside of the systems of
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fact have the capacity (as well as responsibility) to fight them. Wliderson essentializes and limits – turning the emancipation they seek.Ellison ’11
Dr Mary Ellison – University College of Aberystwyth – Review of: Red, White and Black: cinema and the structure of US antagonisms By FRANK B. WILDERSON III (Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2010),
388 pp. Paper £15.99 – Race %26 Class 53(2) – October-Dec – 2011 – Sage Pubs – also a review of African American Actresses: the struggle for visibility 1900–1960 By CHARLENE REGESTER (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2010), 408 pp. Paper %2427.95.
http://rac.sagepub.com.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/content/53/2/100.full.pdf+html
These are two illuminating, but frustratingly flawed books. Their approaches are different,
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’red’ that is part of his title in any truly meaningful way. Rod ’10
(under the handle "Rod of Alexandria", Rod coordinates the political blog "Political Jesus" – He holds a
a BA in Religious Studies, a MDiv in Black Church Studies and Pre-PhD studies, and a Masters of Theology in History and Theology. He is also not making a terribly controversial argument – Political Jesus – July 13th –response written on 7-14-10 – http://politicaljesus.com/2010/07/13/the-naacp-thinks-that-i-am-a-racist/) To claim that the Tea Party movement’s goals (libertarian vision) is to take
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read what you have to say?" Yes, it got your attention. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Mueller 12 (Danielle, and Jessica Mermigos, Graduate Students in Engineering – University of Pittsburgh, "Nuclear Fusion: Energy for the Future", Conference Paper ~%232232, 3-1, p. 1-2) There is a common misconception in the terminology between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.
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which though similar in their technological processes, produce different energy outputs. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Webster’s 9
Merriam Webster ’9 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolved) ~# Main Entry: 1re•solve ~# Pronunciation:
AND - determine 3 : consult, deliberate
Black’s Law 79
(Black’s Law Dictionary – Fifth Edition, p. 1237) Should. The past tense of shall;
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does not ordinarily express certainty as "will" sometimes does. Grossbaum 70
(John, Member of the Bar of New York and United States Supreme Court and LL.B. – Harvard
University, "Federal Support of Research Projects through Contracts and Grants: A Rationale", American University Law Review, 19(3), p. 430-431) Historically, governmental or public grants related to the conveyance of land 44 or the
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Federal grants are not unconditional gifts "and may not be made so by administrative action."4" Durability’s key to solvency —- CP undermines long-term investment and workforce growthMackler 11
(Sasha, Energy Research Director – Bipartisan Policy Center and Research Director – National Commission on Energy Policy, "Reassessing Renewable Energy Subsidies", Bipartisan Policy Center Issue Brief, 3-22, http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/BPC_RE%20Issue%20Brief_3-22.pdf) Stop-Start Policies Result in Stop-Start Investment
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growth of the skilled workforce needed to build and service renewable energy projects. Deutch 11
(John M., Institute Professor and Dean of Science – Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry – MIT, "An Energy Technology Corporation Will Improve the Federal Government’s Efforts to Accelerate Energy Innovation", Brookings Institution Hamilton Project Discussion Paper, May, http://www.brook ings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/5/energy%20corporation%20deutch/05_energy_corporation_deutch_paper) IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
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competitiveness are broader economic objectives that are not unique to the energy sector. Statham 7 (Brian A., Chair – South African National Energy Association, "Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050", World Energy Council Report, September, http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/scenarios_study_online_1.pdf) Perhaps surprisingly, careful government
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to avoid long-term sustainable energy projects in favour of quick solutions. Harris 3 (Tobias, Editor, Concord Bridge Magazine, Gulliver Unbound, Concord Bridge Magazine, 5-20, http://people.brandeis.edu/~~cbmag/Articles/2003%20May/Gulliver%20unbound-%20May%202003.pdf) At what point does asymmetrical multilateralism cease being multilateral and become the mediocre acting to
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its moral stances, multilateralism necessarily entails moral equivocation and watered down positions. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: "Should" is desirable, not mandatoryAC 99 (Atlas Collaboration, "Use of Shall, Should, May Can," http://rd13doc.cern.ch/Atlas/DaqSoft/sde/inspect/shall.html) ’shall’ describes something that is mandatory. If a requirement uses ’shall’, then that
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to be stated anywhere (to say nothing of defining what ’thoroughly’ means). *Certainty’s key to clarity and perception of stable government backingDeutch 11 (John M., Institute Professor and Dean of Science – Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry – MIT, "An Energy Technology Corporation Will Improve the Federal Government’s Efforts to Accelerate Energy Innovation", Brookings Institution Hamilton Project Discussion Paper, May, http://www.brook ings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/5/energy%20corporation%20deutch/05_energy_corporation_deutch_paper) IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
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competitiveness are broader economic objectives that are not unique to the energy sector. Quick fusion solves environment deforestation and water pollutionBednyagin 10 (Dr. Dennis, Ph.D. and Research Assistant – Laboratory of Energy Systems, "Socio-Economic Assessment of Fusion Energy Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment Programme", http://biblion.epfl.ch/EPFL/theses/2010/4732/EPFL_TH4732.pdf) Recognising the importance of energy services for human well-being, it is expedient
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even earlier if a more ambitious Fusion RandD programme is undertaken. CP causes info overload —- impact is mass delays and say "no"Rossi 97 (Jim, Assistant Professor and Dore Professor of State Administrative Law – Florida State University College of Law, "Participation Run Amok: The Costs of Mass Participation for Deliberative Agency Decisionmaking", Northwestern University Law Review, Fall, 92 Nw. U.L. Rev. 173, Lexis) Information overload for decisionmakers. - To the extent that critical, rational dialogue does
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, delay may have the effect of killing proposed projects or agency programs. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: IFRs reactors are unsafe and can cause prolifGuardian 12 (July 20th, Richard Branson urges Obama to back next-generation nuclear technology Billionaire pushes for the technology in a letter to White House that says integral fast reactors are clean, inexpensive and safe, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/jul/20/richard-branson-obama-nuclear-technology) Not everyone agrees that IFRs and other "fast" reactors are safe. Japan’s
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out during the fission process. The process can be difficult to control. Smith, 11 (Gar, Editor Emeritus of Earth Island Journal, a former editor of Common Ground magazine, a Project Censored Award-winning journalist, and co-founder of Environmentalists Against War, June, edited by Ernest Callenbach, NUCLEAR ROULETTE: THE CASE AGAINST A NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE, International Forum on Globalization series focused on False Solutions, http://ifg.org/pdf/Nuclear_Roulette_book.pdf-http://ifg.org/pdf/Nuclear_Roulette_book.pdf, p. 42) Nuclear proponents frequently talk about the promise of a new generation of reactors that will
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¶ (if ever) before most of these designs could be built. Caldicott, 6 (Helen, Founder and President of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute, Nuclear Power is not the answer, pg. 121) Whereas the Generation III and III+ reactor designs represent evolutionary changes from their Generation
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experience higher costs and lower safety levels than anticipated by the nuclear industry. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Whitman 12
Christine Todd Whitman and Calvin Smyre 9/8 ~"What Plant Vogtle means for Georgia", Whitman is the co-chairwoman of the industry-funded Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, the former administrator of the EPA, Smyre is the former president of the National Black Caucus of State Legislators Foundation, 9/8/12, available online at http://chronicle.augusta.com/opinion/opinion-columns/2012-09-08/what-plant-vogtle-means-georgia, accessed 9/18/12Thur In a landmark decision Feb. 9, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission approved construction and
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economic boost; and a reliable source of energy long into the future. Pavey 8/25
~"Plant Vogtle expansion accelerates after license approval", Rob Pavey is a staff writer for the Augusta Chronicle, 8/25/12, available online at http://chronicle.augusta.com/news/metro/2012-08-25/plant-vogtle-expansion-acclerates-after-license-approval, accessed 9/18/12Thur~ The Vogtle project’s completion in 2016
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It’s all starting to come together." Mason 9 (Thom, Director – Oak Ridge National Laboratory, "The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research", Congressional Documents and Publications, 10-29, Lexis) The international ITER project represents an opportunity for the Department of Energy’s national laboratories,
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benefits to society and the scientific and technical challenges are no less significant. Key to heg, econ, and dollar strengthThompson 9 (Loren B., Ph.D. and Chief Operating Officer – Lexington Institute, "Reversing Industrial Decline: A Role for the Defense Budget", 8-19, http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/reversing-industrial-decline-a-role-for-the-defense-budget) After dominating global industrial activity for a century, the United States is losing its
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says is already under way in its most recent assessment of global trends. Ludes 11 (Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, "Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security", American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) Electricity is the lifeblood of the American economy
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develop next generation energy for the world. |
| 10/12/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: NPR, 9-20
2012 http://www.npr.org/2012/09/20/161442506/fiscal-cliff-scenarios-leave-economists-on-edge-http://www.npr.org/2012/09/20/161442506/fiscal-cliff-scenarios-leave-economists-on-edge But that’s not the worst-case scenario. This is: Congress may not
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and make it harder to come up with compromises by New Year’s Eve. Krasting 10-1
Bruce Krasting is a former hedge fund manager¶ I’ve been writing for the professional press for the last five years and have been on the Fox Business channel several times as a guest describing my written work.¶ 10-1-2012 http://www.businessinsider.com/war-headlines-after-the-november-election-will-prevent-cutbacks-in-military-spending-2012-10-http://www.businessinsider.com/war-headlines-after-the-november-election-will-prevent-cutbacks-in-military-spending-2012-10 -I think there is zero probability that all of the issues now on the
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lost. A long period of economic mediocrity is the most likely outcome. Fox News, 9-12
12, http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/on-the-record/2012/09/12/moodys-puts-pressure-congress-debt-deal-most-predictable-crisis-youll-ever-see~~%23ixzz26GDjJCeB-http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/on-the-record/2012/09/12/moodys-puts-pressure-congress-debt-deal-most-predictable-crisis-youll-ever-see THUNE: Well, look, I think that there’s — you know, this
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pounding the heads in the Senate and pounding the heads in the House? Compromise won’t include PTC and that thumps the impactNYT, 10-1
2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/business/economy/payroll-tax-cut-unlikely-to-survive-into-next-year.html?_r=1%26hp-http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/business/economy/payroll-tax-cut-unlikely-to-survive-into-next-year.html?_r=1%26hp Regardless of who wins the presidential election in November or what compromises Congress strikes in
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will expire and the military and other domestic spending programs will be reduced. Madison 9/10 (Lucy, political reporter for CBS News, "Congress back to work, but little action expected," http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57509835-503544/congress-back-to-work-but-little-action-expected/) The Senate is also slated to vote this week on a Veterans Jobs Corps
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decent chance it would earn bipartisan support. And CRMadison 9/10 (Lucy, political reporter for CBS News, "Congress back to work, but little action expected," http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57509835-503544/congress-back-to-work-but-little-action-expected/-http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57509835-503544/congress-back-to-work-but-little-action-expected/) On Thursday, the House is expected to take up a stopgap spending measure to
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clean bill could pass through the two chambers within a couple of days. Halloran 10 (Liz, Reporter – NPR, "For Obama, What A Difference A Week Made", National Public Radio, 4-6, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125594396) Amazing what a win in a major legislative battle will do for a president’s spirit
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can reverse what the polls now suggest is a losing issue for them. Dickinson 9 (Matthew, Professor of Political Science – Middlebury College and Former Professor – Harvard University, "Sotomayor, Obama, and Presidential Power", Presidential Power: A NonPartisan Analysis of Presidential Politics, 5-26, http://blogs.middlebury.edu/presidentialpower/2009/05/26/sotamayor-obama-and-presidential-power/ As for Sotomayor, from here the path toward almost certain confirmation goes as follows
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has already occurred, in the decision to present Sotomayor as his nominee. Leibovich 9 (Mark, Reporter – NYT, "After a Humbling Spiral, Kerry Returns to Form", New York Times, 11-24, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/25/us/politics/25kerry.html?_r=1%26ref=johnkerry) Mr. Kerry’s long, lined face will always suggest
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Obama 14 times since he took office, according to the senator’s office.) |
| 10/27/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, "How Seawater Can Power the World", New York Times, 7-10, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/opinion/11Prager.html?_r=1%26ref=opinion) DEBATE about America’s energy supply is heating up
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that will shape our future. Scientists and engineers stand ready to help. Sarewitz 3 (Daniel, Professor of Science and Society and Co-Director of the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes – Arizona State University, "Does Science Policy Exist, and If So, Does it Matter?: Some Observations on the U.S. R%26D Budget", Discussion Paper for Earth Institute Science, Technology, and Global Development Seminar, 4-8, http://www.cspo.org/documents/budget_seminar.pdf) It is not only axiomatic but also true that federal science policy is largely played
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The first thing to be said is that it depends on which trends one chooses to examine. Woodruff 11 (Woodruff Scientific Ltd, C-Corp established in 2005 in Seattle, Washington. WSI Performs Research Under Contract to Private and Public Institutions, as well as through Awards from the U.S. Department of Energy, "Introduction to Fusion", 3-3, http://woodruffscientific.com/wp/fusion/nwea-introduction-to-fusion) The need for fusion could not be more pronounced than today: the world is
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The time is now for fusion. Hagel 12 – Charles, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance – Georgetown University, "The Challenge of Change", The Atlanticist, 5-15, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/challenge-change The world we face in 2012 is of a
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deep foreign policy paradigm that frames the complexity of the challenges that face America and the world. Derose 12 (Kimberly, Miliken Scholar, MS in Journalism – USC, AB Physics – Harvard University, and Science Writer – UCLA Office of Media Relations, "Dire Prospects for Domestic Fusion Energy Research", Spring 2012 Money, Markets and Media – USC Annenberg School of Communication, 3-3, http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets-http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets media/?p=433) It is certainly not uncommon for government experiments to have their funding pulled. Yet
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is perhaps the greatest problem with path we’re on," Greenwald told Science. Olynyck 12 (Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Science and Fusion – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al., "Don’t Break the Pipeline: Ensuring a Workforce for the Burning Plasma Era", 7-27, http://fire.pppl.gov/FESAC_WP_workforce_MIT.pdf) The proposed FY2013 budget does not set FES
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fusion reactors will requires attracting and retaining the world’s best scientists and engineers. Sutherland 12 (Derek, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, "Continue Funding C-Mod", The Tech – Online Edition, 3-23, http://tech.mit.edu/V132/N14/editorial.html) The Alcator C-Mod fusion reactor is one of the largest experiments at MIT
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well that it can trust MIT to put it’s money to good use. Ludes 11 (Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, "Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security", American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf-https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) With the political will and the right investment,
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for young people going into scientific and engineering fields. Kammen 7 (Daniel, Professor in Public Policy Specializing in Energy and Resources – University of California, Berkeley, and Gregory F. Nemet, Professor of Public Policy – University of California, Berkeley, "Energy Myth Eleven – Energy R%26D Investment Takes Decades To Reach The Market", Energy and American Society – Thirteen Myths, Ed. Sovacool and Brown, p. 304-305) We also examined the thesis that these large programs "crowd out" other research
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across technologies, sectors, and the multiple stages of the innovation process. Holdren 10 (John P., Former Director and Faculty Chair in the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, "Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) for America’s Future", September, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-stemed-report.pdf) PCAST believes that technology has now advanced
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lack the necessary resources or scale. Miller 7 (Warren, Research Professor and Associate Director of the Nuclear Security Science and Policy Institute – Texas A%26M University, "Nuclear’s Human Element", A Report By the American Nuclear Society Special Committee on Federal Investment in Nuclear Education, February, http://www.ans.org/pi/fine/docs/finereport.pdf) The situation in the world today is extremely complex as it relates to nuclear technology
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desalination to recovery of usable petroleum products from oil shale and tar sands. Townsend 9 (Frances Fragos, Former Assistant to President Bush for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism and Senior Member of the Department of Justice, et al., "Leveraging Science for Security: A Strategy for the Nuclear Weapons Laboratories in the 21st Century", Task Force on Leveraging the Scientific and Technological Capabilities of the NNSA National Laboratories for 21st Century National Security, March, http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/research-pdfs/Leveraging_Science_for_Security_FINAL.pdf) The United States is quickly losing its leadership
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, the work to achieve this vision should not undercut US nonproliferation goals. It’s failing and risks great power conflictSpring 12 (Baker, F. M. Kirby Research Fellow in National Security Policy – Heritage Foundation, and Michaela Bendikova, Research Assistant for Missile Defense and Foreign Policy in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies – Heritage Foundation, "Time to Modernize and Revitalize the Nuclear Triad", Heritage Backgrounder, 1-27, http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2012/pdf/bg2646.pdf) Abstract: The U.S. nuclear triad of heavy bombers, intercontinental-
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awesome capability, it is that it demands constant and undivided attention.5 Caves 10 (John P. Jr., Senior Fellow – Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction, "Avoiding a Crisis of Confidence in the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent", Strategic Forum, 252, January, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20252_John%20Caves.pdf) Perceptions of a compromised U.S. nuclear deterrent
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catastrophic than what nuclear-armed terrorists alone could inflict. Nuclear science stops testing —- monitors arms control and maintains the SSPHenning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, "Accelerators for America’s Future", June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep-http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf) From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the
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eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production. Smith 98 (Harold P., Former Assistant to the Secretary of Defense and Richard S. Soll, Senior Scientist and Head of Special Projects – Science Applications International Corporation, "Challenges of Nuclear Stockpile Stewardship Under A Comprehensive Test Ban", Arms Control Today, March, http://www.armscontrol.org/print/304) In the absence of underground nuclear test explosions and with no new U.S
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Department of Defense would play a critical role in such a momentous step. Johnson 1 (Rebecca, Executive Director – Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, The Guardian, 7-17, Lexis) Then the international arms control and non- proliferation regimes collapsed. Americans weren’t bothered
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and grumbling won’t keep us safe. It is time to speak out. Funding’s key to fusion commercialization —- it’s feasible and delivers huge energyBurnett 12 (Burke, Executive Secretary – Pacific Science Association, Executive Director – Indo-Pacific Conservation Alliance, and MA in International Relations – Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, "CBS News Segment On Potentially Game-Changing Fusion Research", EnterSpace, 4-1, http://enterspace.typepad.com/blog/2012/04/fusion-research-at-nif.html-http://enterspace.typepad.com/blog/2012/04/fusion-research-at-nif.html) In terms of physics, there is no barrier to fusion as a successful source
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the board, which would render these zero-sum budget games moot. Scientific capability exists. Money is the outstanding variable.Prager 9 (Dr. Stewart C., Director – Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, "The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research", Hearing before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 10-29, http://fire.pppl.gov/house_fusion_hearing_2010.pdf) Second, Congressman Rohrabacher asserted that there has been little progress in fusion energy.
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. The scientific knowledge has existed for some time to achieve this milestone. Isotopes are abundant and there’s no downsideCarr 12 – Jacob, University of Pittsburgh and Research Engineer – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Ty Gumbert, Engineering – University of Pittsburgh, "Nuclear Fusion Technologies and Their Applications as a Global Power Source", 136.142.82.187/eng12/Chair/data/papers/2186/2186.docx The upsides of fusion outweigh the downsides by a landslide. One of the
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be built makes them very desirable and advantageous as an applicable power source. Stacey 99 (Weston M., Callawy Regents Professor of Nuclear Engineering – Georgia Tech, Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering – MIT, Multiple Award Winner, Including American Nuclear Society Seaborg Medal for Nuclear Research, Wigner Reactor Physicist Award, and Outstanding Achievement in Fusion Award, "Commentaries on Criticisms of Magnetic Fusion", March, http://fire.pppl.gov/fusion_critic_response_stacey.pdf) Dr. Parkins’ central theme is that "fusion reactors...hopeless because of engineering
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tokamak reactors, relative to projections based on ’conventional’ tokamak plasma performance. Miller 7 (Warren, Research Professor and Associate Director of the Nuclear Security Science and Policy Institute – Texas A%26M University, "Nuclear’s Human Element", A Report By the American Nuclear Society Special Committee on Federal Investment in Nuclear Education, February, http://www.ans.org/pi/fine/docs/finereport.pdf) The United States must have appropriate numbers of high-quality NSE graduates for the
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Such efforts will likely be required for an indefinite period in the future. Triola 8 (Larry C., Naval Surface Warfare Center, "Energy %26 National Security: An Exploration of
Threats, Solutions, and Alternative Futures", 10-9, http://www.theeestory.com/files/may6LTriola.pdf-http://www.theeestory.com/files/may6LTriola.pdf) Current nuclear power technology offers potential to replace all electrical-grid power production without
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independence, can be a net energy exporter with emerging nuclear power options. Green 97 (Kevin, Rear Admiral, Commander – United States Navy, NTC, Great Lakes, "What the Best Damn Navy in the World Is For", Vital Speeches of the Day, 7-15, Ebsco) And the list of troubles wouldn’t be complete without mentioning that by the year 2000
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, the Navy-Marine corps team has to be ready for them. Conway 7 (James T., General – U.S. Marine Corps, Gary Roughead, Admiral – U.S. Navy, Thad W. Allen, Admiral – U.S. Coast Guard, "A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower," October, http://www.navy.mil/maritime/MaritimeStrategy.pdf) No other disruption is as potentially disastrous to global stability as war among major powers
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and sustain forces, sea control and power projection enable extended campaigns ashore. Silverstein 12 (Ken, Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, "The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion", Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) "Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits,
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that more such bonuses will occur in the future, as it does with any high-level research. Gsponer 8 (Dr. Andre, Director and Senior Researcher – Independent Scientific Research Institute, "ITER: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and the NuclearWeapons Proliferation Implications of ThermonuclearFusion Energy Systems", 2-2, http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0401110v3.pdf) 2.7.2 Military spinoffs of MCF technology
In a compilation of several surveys, it was found that the most numerous technology
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for a number of military applications where similar or related properties are important. CCAS 12 – Coalition for the Commercial Application of Superconductors, "Instrumentation, Sensors, Standards and Radar", http://www.ccas-web.org/superconductivity/iss/ Superconducting devices are so accurate they define the "Volt
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sensors and standards as well as benefiting superconductor-based applications in communications. Escalates conflict with Iran —- goes global and nuclearWilliams 10 – Lawrence, Adjunct Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences – Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Ph.D. in Defense and Strategic Studies – University of Madras, "Peril Awaits at the Strait of Hormuz", 7-22, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-religion/2557996/posts) The Gulf-Southwest Asia region has always been a hyper-flash point of
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portentous consequences that could have irreparable consequences: OA 12 – Oxford Analytica, "Iran’s Missile Assets May Constrain US Threat Response", 1-6, http://www.oxan.com/Analysis/DailyBrief/Samples/IranMissileAssets.aspx Iran has a fairly well-developed indigenous capacity to produce missiles,
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longer range, which entails less time over targets and reduced ordnance payloads. Etzioni 11 – Amitai, University Professor and Professor of International Relations – The George Washington University and Director – Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies, "The Coming Test of U.S. Credibility", Military Review, March, http://www.readperiodicals.com/201103/2312505741.html All three countries face transitions that could make them more
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it sees as its global responsibilities and live up to its commitments overseas. Bennett 7 – Christoher, Major – United States Air Force and Masters of Science – Joint Advanced Warfighting School, "Shaping China’s Development: Stable Growth Of an Asia-Pacific Might", 4-5, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a468786.pdf As stated in the National Security Strategy, "the United States is a Pacific
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U.S. maintains a significant force structure presence in sovereign nations. |
| 10/28/2012 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Fusion solves fission waste and Yucca storage. Even if full-fusion is distant, fusion neutron harnessing isn’t.UT’9
(This is a Multi-Disciplinary release from the University of Texas – it internally quotes Physics Professors, Mechanical Engineers, and Fusion Experts. "Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid Could Destroy Nuclear Waste and Contribute to Carbon-Free Energy Future", 1-27, This article also appears in This article also appears in Science Daily on Jan 29th – both web addresses are included: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/-http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127131654.htm) "We have created a way to use fusion to relatively inexpensively destroy the waste
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product of fusion—neutrons—can be achieved in the near term. Yucca storage harms billions. Our author’s qual’d and beats "exaggeration" accusations.
Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm) None of that is impossible, and therefore none of that is unthinkable. We
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cannot create unnecessary catastrophic risks like biosphereicide, the agonizing death of billions. Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm) In several hundred thousand years, the waste at Yucca Mountain will still be deadly
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explosion ever. It could be the last bookkeeping error mankind ever made. The Squo and K alts must explain how they’ll get rid of current waste. It’s dangerous, goes to sea, and there’s few options.Cohen ’12
Dr. Martin Cohen has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. He studied philosophy and social science at Sussex University. He obtained a teaching qualification at Keele University and his PhD in philosophy of education from the University of Exeter. After research posts at universities in Britain and Australia, Cohen moved to France to concentrate on journalism. He is active in several environmental causes. Cohen has been a frequent contributor and reviewer for the New Statesman (on environmental issues) and the Guardian (London) (on the role of computers in education). He is also co-author of the published book The Doomsday Machine: the high price of nuclear energy. This article was written for Infowars.com on June 15, 2012, and was re-posted at: http://www.undergroundsunshine.com/article-of-nuclear-waste/ The history of ’fly-tipping’ nuclear waste is one of the great non
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challenges are "daunting", as the experience of the USA perfectly reveals. Van Dyke ’2
Jon M. Van Dyke is a Visiting Professor at Berkeley Law. He has taught International Law at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii. He is a leading practitioner in environmental and ocean law. He served as faculty for the Environmental Law Program at the School of Law at the Univ. of Hawaii – Ocean Development %26
International Law – vol 33:1, 77-108 – available via Taylor %26 Francis Database These shipments present risks of a magnitude totally different from any previous¶ ocean cargoes
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, putting all nearby lifeforms in grave danger of¶ catastrophic health impacts. Craig ’3
Robin Kundis Craig has a background in several disciplines. She served as a member in Florida and Hawaii," 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, Lexis The world’s oceans contain many resources and provide many services that humans consider valuable.
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jelly." 864 More importantly, the Black Sea is not necessarily unique. And, on-site storage bad – already harms people now.Ross ’11
Sherwood Ross is a Miami-based consultant and columnist. He has reported for the Chicago Daily News, regularly writes for Reuters, and has worked as a columnist for wire services. Global Research, November 10, 2011 – http://www.globalresearch.ca/fukushima-japan-s-second-nuclear-disaster/?print=1 The thousands of tons of solid radioactive waste accumulating in the cooling pools next to
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a result of our nuclear plants, a story not being effectively told. Silverstein ’12
(Ken Silverstein is a journalist specializing in writing about energy. He is the editor-in-chief of EnergyBiz Insider. He is Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, "The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion", Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) "Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions
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without the carbon emissions or the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Fusion eliminates current waste and won’t make its own.Holland ’12
(Andrew Holland has a multi-disciplinary background. He currently serves as Senior Fellow for Energy and Climate
Expertise Energy, Climate Change, and Infrastructure Policy at the American Security Project. He is an experienced writer and strategic analyst. He has spoken about energy security, Arctic policy, and water resources at high-level events in South Korea, Brussels, Washington, London, Geneva, and China. He was the manager of the Transatlantic Dialogue on Climate Change and Security. This dialogue brought together subject experts from government, the military, NGOs, Think Tanks, and academia. He has a close relationship with a diverse group of energy, security, and environmental experts from around the world. Prior to joining the IISS, he was a Legislative Assistant on Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure for United States Senator Chuck Hagel of Nebraska. He holds a Master’s Degree in International Strategy and Economics from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and a Bachelor’s Degree in History and Economics from Wake Forest University. "America’s Energy Choices", ASP White Paper, 8-2, http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf-http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf) Fusion power does not produce radioactive waste at nearly the same level as fission.
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-term environmental sustainability of existing U.S. nuclear power plants. Science Master ’10
(The ScienceMaster team includes science professionals, educators, subject matter experts, and technical advisors who work collaboratively to bring you the best science resources. Their goal is to bring scientific issues to the attention of today’s youth by using the Internet – Sept 13th – available at: http://www.sciencemaster.com/jump/physical/fusion_energy.php) The successful commercialization of fusion energy (which could be realized by the middle of
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controlled fusion can reach its potential as an environmentally benign source of energy. Thorson ’10
Dr. Stuart Thorson, Professor, Maxwell School of Political Science, Syracuse University. Dr. Thorson is directing research in the area of integrated information technology involving collaborative research teams from Syracuse University and Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPRK. KEIA – On Korea – Volume 3 – "Academic Science Engagement with North Korea" Aug 9th – page 105. Also available at: http://www.keia.org/sites/default/files/publications/APS-Seo_Thorson_Final.pdf Science diplomacy refers to international scientific cooperation aimed¶ simultaneously at advancing scientific
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to¶ provide an important mechanism for supporting more traditional diplomatic¶ relationships. Lederer ’12
She is internal quoting North Korean Vice Foreign Minister Pak Kil Yon – Edith Lederer, is the chief correspondent for the Associated Press at the United Nations, the recipient of the 2008 Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Women’s Media Foundation, and has worked on every continent except Antarctica covering political upheavals. Huffington Post – 10-1-12
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121001/un-un-general-assembly-north-korea/ A North Korean minister lashed out at the United States on Monday, saying its
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the reunification of the country and reconciliation" without interference from outside forces. Woo ’11
Seongji Woo is currently an Associate Professor at the College of International Studies,¶ Kyung Hee University.¶ Pacific Focus, Vol. XXVI, No. 2 (August 2011), 188–205.¶ doi: 10.1111/j.1976-5118.2011.01062.x¶ © 2011 Center for International Studies, Inha University – available via EBSCO-HOST database. As witnessed by two nuclear tests and intermittent missile launches, the¶ so-
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the¶ current world order and to build a new world order.25 First – Particularity Thesis. Critical Theory seeks "All’s" and "Always". Particularity would boost decisions and scholarship.Smith ’6
Dr. Benedict Smith – Research Fellow in the Department of Philosophy and a member of staff at the University of Durham – Acta Analytica – Volume 21, Number 2 – available via Springer Link Database In a related way, Dancy seeks to undermine certain ’coercive’ (Dancy 1993:
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serve to rationally constrain any candidate beliefs or actions in a given circumstance. PRICE ’98
(RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications – http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf) One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that
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violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself. Fusion is distinct and challenges military-industrial complex. Sweeping K’s HELP elites.Razani ’12
(Rezwan, Former Instructor at Shiraz University. MRP, City and Regional Planning @ Cornell. Bachelor of Arts, Environmental Science @ UC-Berkeley. Also serves as Executive Director – Focus Fusion Society, "Batman Fusion Redemption", Fusion Energy League, 7-26, http://www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/batman_fusion_redemption) Fusion doesn’t melt down. TDKR confuses fission and fusion. Fission (FIZZ)
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energy with nuclear weapons means: Nuclear Energy Loses. Nuclear Weapons WIN. Hantrais ’99
LINDA HANTRAIS is Professor of European Social Policy in the Department of Politics at Loughborough University. She has been Visiting Fellow at the Centre for International Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. International Journal of Social Research Methodology Date: April 1, 1999 – available via EBSCO database Contextualization is central to all three of these approaches. In the first case,
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about causality are drawn because the wrong level of inference is being used. And, if the debate winds-up a "tie", presumption should shift in favor of change – best avoids nihilism.And, "Conflix" frames Ballot’s role. Defends State-based, Role Play as better curriculum than critical theory for three reasons.Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf) This paper is a mixture of narrative and theory. The narratives were collected from
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new vocabularies, can have in creating a more just distribution of power. Methods-focus not 1st – gets trapped and causes anti-politics.Fearon %26Wendt 2K
~[James, Professor of Poli Sci at Stanford, Alexander, Professor of IR at Ohio State, Handbook of International Relations, ed. Carlsnaes, p. 68~] It should be stressed that in advocating a pragmatic view we are not endorsing method
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, but we certainly believe a conversation should continue on all three levels. Small ’6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, "Moving Forward," The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp) What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context. Gross ’94
(et al, Paul R. Gross, who is a University Professor of Life Sciences (Emeritus) at the University of Virginia. He has taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York University, Brown University, and the University of Rochester – Excerpts from: Gross, P.R. %26 Levitt, N. (1994). Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science. A note from L. Kurt Englehart – who abridged this book – he is a Philosopher and is also from the Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center Sonoma State University University of San Francisco. In the process of abridging this work, we have made every effort to truly communicate the spirit of the authors’ original message. Any changes appear in brackets. Available at: http://kengelhart.home.igc.org/supersti.htm) We examine postmodernism with a view to understand its appeal to the politically discontented.
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regard the whole business as a species of con game. (79) Sweeping rejection of technology is wrong and empowers the rightBronner 4 – Stephen Eric Bronner, Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University, 2004, Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement, p. 160 Critics of the Enlightenment may have correctly emphasized the price of progress, the costs
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transcend the crude categories of technical criteria and slide-rule measurements."7 Serial Policy Failure wrong and Policy Nihilism Bad.Tallis ’97
Raymond Tallis, Professor of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Manchester – Enemies of Hope: A Critique of Contemporary Pessimism, Published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312173261, p. 407-409 If we deny or rubbish the progress that mankind has already made, and at
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poverty of spirit and meanness of mind will not have the last word. "Epistemology or Ontology 1st" wrong and links to anti-politicsJarvis 2K
Jarvis, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, University of Sydney, 2k (Darryl, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, p. 128-129) More is the pity that such irrational and obviously abstruse debate should so occupy us
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than those foolish enough to be scholastically excited by abstract and recondite debate. Charlesworth ’7
(JJ Charlesworth, writer who regularly contributes to Time Out London and Art Monthly. Serves as Associate Editor for ArtReview magazine and as a Tutor at the Royal College of Art. "FUSION NOW%21 Art and the Politics of Energy", Manifesto Club, 12-20, http://www.manifestoclub.com/fusionnowessay) There are many political issues that could be the subject for an art exhibition today
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touches on questions of science, history, industry, aesthetics and subjectivity. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial support for magnetic fusion energy generation in the United States. Contention 1 --- Leadership Fusion’s the litmus test of U.S. energy leadership
Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, “How Seawater Can Power the World”, New York Times, 7-10, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/opinion/11Prager.html?_r=1andref=opinion)
DEBATE about America’s energy supply is heating up: gas prices are rising, ethanol
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that will shape our future. Scientists and engineers stand ready to help. Federal funding is the focal point
Sarewitz 3 (Daniel, Professor of Science and Society and Co-Director of the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes – Arizona State University, “Does Science Policy Exist, and If So, Does it Matter?: Some Observations on the U.S. RandD Budget”, Discussion Paper for Earth Institute Science, Technology, and Global Development Seminar, 4-8, http://www.cspo.org/documents/budget_seminar.pdf)
It is not only axiomatic but also true that federal science policy is largely played
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be said is that it depends on which trends one chooses to examine. Overcomes alt causes
Woodruff 11 (Woodruff Scientific Ltd, C-Corp established in 2005 in Seattle, Washington. WSI Performs Research Under Contract to Private and Public Institutions, as well as through Awards from the U.S. Department of Energy, “Introduction to Fusion”, 3-3, http://woodruffscientific.com/wp/fusion/nwea-introduction-to-fusion)
The need for fusion could not be more pronounced than today: the world is
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in demand throughout the world with a non carbon-producing energy source.
The time is now for fusion. Extinction
Hagel 12 – Charles, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance – Georgetown University, “The Challenge of Change”, The Atlanticist, 5-15, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/challenge-change
The world we face in 2012 is of a different character than even a few
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that frames the complexity of the challenges that face America and the world. Contention 2 --- STEM Scientists watch federal fusion funding --- cuts turn away grad students
Derose 12 (Kimberly, Miliken Scholar, MS in Journalism – USC, AB Physics – Harvard University, and Science Writer – UCLA Office of Media Relations, “Dire Prospects for Domestic Fusion Energy Research”, Spring 2012 Money, Markets and Media – USC Annenberg School of Communication, 3-3, http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets media/?p=433)
It is certainly not uncommon for government experiments to have their funding pulled. Yet
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is perhaps the greatest problem with path we’re on,” Greenwald told Science. This breaks the STEM pipeline
Olynyk 12 (Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Science and Fusion – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al., “Don’t Break the Pipeline: Ensuring a Workforce for the Burning Plasma Era”, 7-27, http://fire.pppl.gov/FESAC_WP_workforce_MIT.pdf)
Recommendations The proposed FY2013 budget does not set FES on a path to create a
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fusion reactors will requires attracting and retaining the world's best scientists and engineers. The entire nuclear program will become ineffective
Sutherland 12 (Derek, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Continue Funding C-Mod”, The Tech – Online Edition, 3-23, http://tech.mit.edu/V132/N14/editorial.html)
The Alcator C-Mod fusion reactor is one of the largest experiments at MIT
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well that it can trust MIT to put it’s money to good use. Plan steers them back
Ludes 11 (Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, “Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security”, American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf)
With the political will and the right investment, the potential strategic gains for the
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high-paying jobs for young people going into scientific and engineering fields. Signal alone solves
Kammen 7 (Daniel, Professor in Public Policy Specializing in Energy and Resources – University of California, Berkeley, and Gregory F. Nemet, Professor of Public Policy – University of California, Berkeley, “Energy Myth Eleven – Energy RandD Investment Takes Decades To Reach The Market”, Energy and American Society – Thirteen Myths, Ed. Sovacool and Brown, p. 304-305) We also examined the thesis that these large programs “crowd out” other research
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across technologies, sectors, and the multiple stages of the innovation process. Fed’s key
Holdren 10 (John P., Former Director and Faculty Chair in the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, “Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) for America’s Future”, September, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-stemed-report.pdf) PCAST believes that technology has now advanced to the point that it can and should
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education. State and local educational authorities lack the necessary resources or scale. University nuclear science’s key to stockpile stewardship
Miller 7 (Warren, Research Professor and Associate Director of the Nuclear Security Science and Policy Institute – Texas AandM University, “Nuclear’s Human Element”, A Report By the American Nuclear Society Special Committee on Federal Investment in Nuclear Education, February, http://www.ans.org/pi/fine/docs/finereport.pdf)
The situation in the world today is extremely complex as it relates to nuclear technology
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desalination to recovery of usable petroleum products from oil shale and tar sands. Decline cracks the backbone of deterrence
Townsend 9 (Frances Fragos, Former Assistant to President Bush for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism and Senior Member of the Department of Justice, et al., “Leveraging Science for Security: A Strategy for the Nuclear Weapons Laboratories in the 21st Century”, Task Force on Leveraging the Scientific and Technological Capabilities of the NNSA National Laboratories for 21st Century National Security, March, http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/research-pdfs/Leveraging_Science_for_Security_FINAL.pdf)
The United States is quickly losing its leadership position in science and technology (S
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, the work to achieve this vision should not undercut US nonproliferation goals. It’s failing and risks great power conflict
Spring 12 (Baker, F. M. Kirby Research Fellow in National Security Policy – Heritage Foundation, and Michaela Bendikova, Research Assistant for Missile Defense and Foreign Policy in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies – Heritage Foundation, “Time to Modernize and Revitalize the Nuclear Triad”, Heritage Backgrounder, 1-27, http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2012/pdf/bg2646.pdf)
Abstract: The U.S. nuclear triad of heavy bombers, intercontinental-
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awesome capability, it is that it demands constant and undivided attention.5 Global nuclear war
Caves 10 (John P. Jr., Senior Fellow – Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction, “Avoiding a Crisis of Confidence in the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent”, Strategic Forum, 252, January, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/docuploaded/SF%20252_John%20Caves.pdf)
Perceptions of a compromised U.S. nuclear deterrent as described above would have
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scale far more catastrophic than what nuclear-armed terrorists alone could inflict. Nuclear science stops testing --- monitors arms control and maintains the SSP
Henning 10 (Walter, Senior Physicist – Argonne National Laboratory and Member – American Association for the Advancement of Science, “Accelerators for America’s Future”, June, http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/files/Rep ort.pdf)
From the earliest days of their development, accelerators have made critical contributions to the
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eliminate the need for highly enriched uranium and nuclear reactor facilities for production. SSP failure forces testing
Smith 98 (Harold P., Former Assistant to the Secretary of Defense and Richard S. Soll, Senior Scientist and Head of Special Projects – Science Applications International Corporation, “Challenges of Nuclear Stockpile Stewardship Under A Comprehensive Test Ban”, Arms Control Today, March, http://www.armscontrol.org/print/304)
In the absence of underground nuclear test explosions and with no new U.S
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Department of Defense would play a critical role in such a momentous step. Global nuclear war
Johnson 1 (Rebecca, Executive Director – Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy, The Guardian, 7-17, Lexis)
Then the international arms control and non- proliferation regimes collapsed. Americans weren't bothered
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and grumbling won't keep us safe. It is time to speak out. Contention 3 --- Fusion Funding’s key to fusion commercialization --- it’s feasible and delivers huge energy
Burnett 12 (Burke, Executive Secretary – Pacific Science Association, Executive Director – Indo-Pacific Conservation Alliance, and MA in International Relations – Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, “CBS News Segment On Potentially Game-Changing Fusion Research”, EnterSpace, 4-1, http://enterspace.typepad.com/blog/2012/04/fusion-research-at-nif.html)
In terms of physics, there is no barrier to fusion as a successful source
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the board, which would render these zero-sum budget games moot. Scientific capability exists. Money is the outstanding variable.
Prager 9 (Dr. Stewart C., Director – Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, “The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research”, Hearing before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 10-29, http://fire.pppl.gov/house_fusion_hearing_2010.pdf)
Second, Congressman Rohrabacher asserted that there has been little progress in fusion energy.
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. The scientific knowledge has existed for some time to achieve this milestone. Isotopes are abundant and there’s no downside
Carr 12 – Jacob, University of Pittsburgh and Research Engineer – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Ty Gumbert, Engineering – University of Pittsburgh, “Nuclear Fusion Technologies and Their Applications as a Global Power Source”, 136.142.82.187/eng12/Chair/data/papers/2186/2186.docx
The upsides of fusion outweigh the downsides by a landslide. One of the
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be built makes them very desirable and advantageous as an applicable power source. Engineering barriers will be overcome
Stacey 99 (Weston M., Callawy Regents Professor of Nuclear Engineering – Georgia Tech, Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering – MIT, Multiple Award Winner, Including American Nuclear Society Seaborg Medal for Nuclear Research, Wigner Reactor Physicist Award, and Outstanding Achievement in Fusion Award, “Commentaries on Criticisms of Magnetic Fusion”, March, http://fire.pppl.gov/fusion_critic_response_stacey.pdf)
Dr. Parkins’ central theme is that “fusion reactors...hopeless because of engineering
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tokamak reactors, relative to projections based on ‘conventional’ tokamak plasma performance. DoE lab’s are key
Holdren 99 (John P., Former Director and Faculty Chair in the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, “Powerful Partnerships: The Federal Role in International Cooperation on Energy Innovation”, President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology Report, June, http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph241/ferguson2/docs/pcast99_full.pdf)
Beyond the market failures and barriers just discussed, other rationales for government involvement include
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non-energy policies are taken up in a separate subsection, below. Fusion tech will be adopted by the Navy --- key to global, rapid power projection
Triola 8 (Larry C., Naval Surface Warfare Center, “Energy and National Security: An Exploration of
Threats, Solutions, and Alternative Futures”, 10-9, http://www.theeestory.com/files/may6LTriola.pdf)
Current nuclear power technology offers potential to replace all electrical-grid power production without
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independence, can be a net energy exporter with emerging nuclear power options. Multiple hotspots will erupt with WMD conflict --- rapid naval mobility stops escalation
Green 97 (Kevin, Rear Admiral, Commander – United States Navy, NTC, Great Lakes, “What the Best Damn Navy in the World Is For”, Vital Speeches of the Day, 7-15, Ebsco)
And the list of troubles wouldn't be complete without mentioning that by the year 2000
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, the Navy-Marine corps team has to be ready for them. Goes global
Conway 7 (James T., General – U.S. Marine Corps, Gary Roughead, Admiral – U.S. Navy, Thad W. Allen, Admiral – U.S. Coast Guard, “A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower,” October, http://www.navy.mil/maritime/MaritimeStrategy.pdf)
No other disruption is as potentially disastrous to global stability as war among major powers
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and sustain forces, sea control and power projection enable extended campaigns ashore. Immediate spin-off benefits will be produced in super-conductivity
Silverstein 12 (Ken, Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, “The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion”, Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) “Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions
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in the future, as it does with any high-level research. Military will integrate them
Gsponer 8 (Dr. Andre, Director and Senior Researcher – Independent Scientific Research Institute, “ITER: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and the NuclearWeapons Proliferation Implications of ThermonuclearFusion Energy Systems”, 2-2, http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0401110v3.pdf)
2.7.2 Military spinoffs of MCF technology In a compilation of several
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properties are important. That checks sea-skimming missiles --- threat’s high
CCAS 12 – Coalition for the Commercial Application of Superconductors, “Instrumentation, Sensors, Standards and Radar”, http://www.ccas-web.org/superconductivity/iss/
Superconducting devices are so accurate they define the "Volt," goes the saying.
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sensors and standards as well as benefiting superconductor-based applications in communications. Escalates conflict with Iran --- goes global and nuclear
Williams 10 – Lawrence, Adjunct Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences – Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Ph.D. in Defense and Strategic Studies – University of Madras, “Peril Awaits at the Strait of Hormuz”, 7-22, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-religion/2557996/posts)
The Gulf-Southwest Asia region has always been a hyper-flash point of
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be very complex and could have portentous consequences that could have irreparable consequences: Iranian missiles push the U.S. out of the Gulf --- detection’s key
OA 12 – Oxford Analytica, “Iran's Missile Assets May Constrain US Threat Response”, 1-6, http://www.oxan.com/Analysis/DailyBrief/Samples/IranMissileAssets.aspx
Analysis
Iran has a fairly well-developed indigenous capacity to produce missiles, with particular
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longer range, which entails less time over targets and reduced ordnance payloads. Withdrawal shatters global credibility --- shreds Asian alliances
Etzioni 11 – Amitai, University Professor and Professor of International Relations – The George Washington University and Director – Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies, “The Coming Test of U.S. Credibility”, Military Review, March, http://www.readperiodicals.com/201103/2312505741.html
All three countries face transitions that could make them more vulnerable to Iranian influence -
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it sees as its global responsibilities and live up to its commitments overseas. Global nuclear war
Bennett 7 – Christoher, Major – United States Air Force and Masters of Science – Joint Advanced Warfighting School, “Shaping China’s Development: Stable Growth Of an Asia-Pacific Might”, 4-5, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a468786.pdf
As stated in the National Security Strategy, “the United States is a Pacific
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U.S. maintains a significant force structure presence in sovereign nations. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
Reception-theory proves reps don’t “create reality”. Audiences are smart and reach their own conclusions.
Kraus ‘89
(et al – Sidney Kraus is a professor in the Department of Communication at Cleveland State University and Dennis Giles is also in the Department of Communication at Cleveland State University. Reviewed work(s):
Constructing the Political Spectacle by Murray Edelman Source: Political Psychology, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Sep., 1989), pp. 517-525 Published by: International Society of Political Psychology Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3791366)
Edelman assumes (like the early Frankfurt School) that viewers/audi- tors
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from the "dominant" readings preferred by the political and media institutions. Reception theory is true for fusion
Lopez 8
(Ana Prades, professor at CIEMAT’s Socio-Technical Research Unit, Barcelona, “Lay perceptions of nuclear fusion: multiple modes of understanding,” Science and Public Policy, 35(2), March 2008, pages 95–105)
Fourth, the media has a potentially important role in shaping lay views about fusion
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technology, leading to existing perceptions not necessarily reflecting future views and preferences. Chernus K links to anti-politics
Charme ‘91
Dr. STUART CHARME is a professor of religion at Rutgers-Camden –Reviewed work(s): Nuclear Madness: Religion and the Psychology of the Nuclear Age by Ira Chernus Source: Review of Religious Research, Vol. 33, No. 2 (Dec., 1991), pp. 186-187 Published by: Religious Research Association, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3511914
This book demonstrates many of the strengths and weaknesses of psycho-historical inter-
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prospect of, say, nuclear proliferation into third world countries like Iraq. ( ) Chernus’ K can’t reach out to the uncoverted – it’s interesting, but pointless and ivory tower
Barkun ‘90
MICHAEL BARKUN Maxwell School, Syracuse University Syracuse, New York – Reviewed work(s):
A Shuddering Dawn: Religious Studies in the Nuclear Age by Ira Chernus ; Edward Tabor
Linenthal Source: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1990), pp. 410+412
Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of Society for the Scientific Study of Religion
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1386478
The danger in any multidisciplinary enterprise is surely that without the constraining conventions of disciplines
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without providing the kind of ethnography of nuclear ritual that the subject demands. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
( ) Perm – do both. ( ) Policy Framework before Reps – coalitions, anti-politics, and zero impact Churchill ‘96
Ward Churchill, Professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Colorado, 1996 (“Semantic Masturbation on the Left: A Barrier to Unity and Action,” From A Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, Published by South End Press, ISBN 0896085538, p. 460)
There can be little doubt that matters of linguistic appropriateness and precision are of serious
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nonsense, and on with the real work of effecting positive social change. ( ) Security impact wrong – too sweeping and proves alt fails. Ling ‘97
(et al – LL.H.M. Ling is Associate Professor on the Graduate Program in International Affairs at The New School. She graduated from Wellesley College, and from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a Ph.D.; along with Anna M. Agathangelou and , Director of the Global Change Institute in Nicosia and Former Assistant Professor of Women’s Studies and Politics at Oberlin; Studies in Political Economy, v54, Fall, p. 7-8)
Given these concerns with political transformation, post-colonialism exposes several internal ironies in
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recognition that we have a moral obligation to do anything about it."49 ( ) perm – Do Aff and deploy our rep solely to justify our progressive plan. Isn’t unfair – they ran overly-broad alt. ( ) Violence caused by proximate cause – not securitized rep. Frames our perm. Kaufman ‘9
Stuart Kaufman, (Prof Poli Sci and IR – U Delaware) “Narratives and Symbols in Violent Mobilization: The Palestinian-Israeli Case,” 2009 Security Studies 18:3, 400 – 434
Even when hostile narratives, group fears, and opportunity are strongly present, war
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and opportunity spur hostile attitudes, chauvinist mobilization, and a security dilemma. ( ) Even if some IR claims are wrong, narrow security claims are likely accurate. PRICE ‘98
(RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications – http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf)
One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that
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violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself. ( ) Judge choice – if our reps are bad, those can be rejected without proving plan is poor. Good ideas should logically be accepted regardless of one reasoning. ( ) Alt and epistemic claims get stuck – never get around to solving Wendt, ‘98
(professor of international security – Ohio State University, Alexander, “On Constitution and Causation in International Relations,” British International Studies Association)
As a community, we in the academic study of international politics spend too much
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sparring over epistemology is often one-sided, intolerant caricatures of science.
No link – nothing about the aff is similar to Mack’s “enemy system”
All security scenarios aren’t reducible to psychoanalysis – turns case and hidden DA are wrong
Goldgeier 1
(James M., associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University, “PSYCHOLOGY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY,” Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 2001. 4:67–92, http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.67) At first glance, the central macro-level theories of international politics appear to
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the structural, economic, and cultural conditions within which policy makers work. Yes, value to life Coontz’1
Phyllis D. Coontz, PhD Graduate School of Public and International Affairs University of Pittsburgh, et al, JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING, 2001, 18(4), 235-246 – J-Stor
In the 1950s, psychiatrist and theorist Viktor Frankl (1963) described an existential
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and fu- ture to strengthen one's present life (Reed, 1991b). Floating PIK is reason to reject team.
Kills rejoinder with rest of Aff. Hurts topic-education and DEEP prep versus Affs. Without that, no education.
Disad or K alone checks – no reason that need to cplan with all our “O”
Aff bar set too high – we need to be perfect, not just preferable. Kills fairness.
Allows Neg to re-craft Alt to react to our best answers – wastes constructives and clash.
Encourages sand-bagging – kills argument development. |
| 11/10/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
( ) Schlag Wrong — cements nihilism Baron 3
Jane B. Baron, Professor of Law, Temple University, April, 2K3 57 U. Miami L. Rev. 573
Of course, Schlag rejects the need for thought to go somewhere, n2 so
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by Schlag's critique of normativity find themselves wondering where we go from here. ( ) No alternative: If the law is a totalizing theory with no concrete existence, then so is the free will that he postulates as his alternative. Carlson ‘99
(Columbia Law Review, David Gray, 99 Colum. L. Rev. 1908, (Professor, Cardozo School of Law)
Cosmology is postulation writ large. It refers to the totality of all phenomena.
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moral capacity, is free to follow (in lieu of her inclination). ( ) There is no impact to the legal contradictions argument. Schlag is right that there are contradictions in the law but is wrong about what that means. Contradictions allow for the positive evolution of the law. Carlson ‘99
(Columbia Law Review, David Gray, 99 Colum. L. Rev. 1908, (Professor, Cardozo School of Law)
Schlag offers this critique of the law's inability to withstand its internal contradiction: This
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ever marginally ahead of it - precisely the opposite of what Schlag contends. ( ) The practices in this debate round do matter – we kritik THEM on a fundamental level. Boggs ’97
(CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)
The historic goal of recovering politics in the Aristotelian sense, there- fore,
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it precisely devalues those very types of information, skills, and attitudes. ( ) We do defend fiat, but we ALSO think the idea of politics does extend to this sphere Boggs ’97
(CARL BOGGS – Professor and Ph.D. Political Science, National University, Los Angeles -- Theory and Society 26: 741-780)
If politics, in one form or another, refers to the arena of state
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, which works against imposed or ascribed forms of political unity and consensus. ( ) “Schlag-args” disengages us on any political issue. That’s dangerous and anti-political Colby ‘3
(et al -- Anne Colby is a senior scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. She is the former director of the Henry Murray Research Center at the Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. Change. November – lexis)
One dimension concerns undergraduates' political engagement, even with "political" defined broadly to
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motivation, and skills needed to preserve and promote our highest democratic ideals.
( ) Avoiding anti-politics is key to check the worst violence Small ‘6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, “Moving Forward,” The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp)
What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context. ( ) “Conflix” frames Ballot’s role. Defends State-based, Role Play as better curriculum than critical theory. Kupperman ‘5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan's Interactive Communications and Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf)
This paper is a mixture of narrative and theory. The narratives were collected from
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new vocabularies, can have in creating a more just distribution of power. Notes to students: Three warrants why critical theory is worse:
o No path after prevailing orthodoxy = cut-down
o Assumes squo dynamics are categorically bad
o Under-estimates reformism
Role-play is NOT STALE
( ) Curriculum’s best when it starts with fiated, state-based political action Gitlin ‘5
Todd Gitlin formerly served as professor of sociology and director of the mass communications program at the University of California, Berkeley, and then a professor of culture, journalism and sociology at New York University. He is now a professor of journalism and sociology and chair of the Ph.D. program in Communications at Columbia University. He was a long-time political activist( from the Left). From the Book: The Intellectuals and the Flag – 2005 – available via CIAO Books – date accessed 7/17/10 – http://www.ciaonet.org.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/book/git01/git01_04.pdf
Weak thinking on the American left is especially glaring after September 11, 2001,
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useless. It amounts to secession from the world where most people live. |
| 11/11/2012 | Tournament: Shirley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Emporia CW | Judge: Gabe Fusion solves fission waste and Yucca storage. Even if full-fusion is distant, fusion neutron harnessing isn’t.UT’9
(This is a Multi-Disciplinary release from the University of Texas – it internally quotes Physics Professors, Mechanical Engineers, and Fusion Experts. "Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid Could Destroy Nuclear Waste and Contribute to Carbon-Free Energy Future", 1-27, This article also appears in This article also appears in Science Daily on Jan 29th – both web addresses are included: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/-http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127131654.htm)
"We have created a way to use fusion to relatively inexpensively destroy the waste
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product of fusion—neutrons—can be achieved in the near term. Yucca storage harms billions. Our author’s qual’d and beats "exaggeration" accusations. Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm)
None of that is impossible, and therefore none of that is unthinkable. We
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cannot create unnecessary catastrophic risks like biosphereicide, the agonizing death of billions. Comarow ’1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. "Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable", Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm)
In several hundred thousand years, the waste at Yucca Mountain will still be deadly
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explosion ever. It could be the last bookkeeping error mankind ever made. The Squo and K alts must explain how they’ll get rid of current waste. It’s dangerous, goes to sea, and there’s few options.Cohen ’12
Dr. Martin Cohen has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. He studied philosophy and social science at Sussex University. He obtained a teaching qualification at Keele University and his PhD in philosophy of education from the University of Exeter. After research posts at universities in Britain and Australia, Cohen moved to France to concentrate on journalism. He is active in several environmental causes. Cohen has been a frequent contributor and reviewer for the New Statesman (on environmental issues) and the Guardian (London) (on the role of computers in education). He is also co-author of the published book The Doomsday Machine: the high price of nuclear energy. This article was written for Infowars.com on June 15, 2012, and was re-posted at: http://www.undergroundsunshine.com/article-of-nuclear-waste/
The history of ’fly-tipping’ nuclear waste is one of the great non
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challenges are "daunting", as the experience of the USA perfectly reveals. Van Dyke ’2
Jon M. Van Dyke is a Visiting Professor at Berkeley Law. He has taught International Law at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii. He is a leading practitioner in environmental and ocean law. He served as faculty for the Environmental Law Program at the School of Law at the Univ. of Hawaii – Ocean Development %26
International Law – vol 33:1, 77-108 – available via Taylor %26 Francis Database
These shipments present risks of a magnitude totally different from any previous¶ ocean cargoes
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carrying radioactive cesium destined for medical purposes, but retrieval was not attempted. Craig ’3
Robin Kundis Craig has a background in several disciplines. She served as a member
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in Florida and Hawaii," 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, Lexis
The world’s oceans contain many resources and provide many services that humans consider valuable.
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jelly." 864 More importantly, the Black Sea is not necessarily unique. And, on-site storage bad – already harms people now.Ross ’11
Sherwood Ross is a Miami-based consultant and columnist. He has reported for the Chicago Daily News, regularly writes for Reuters, and has worked as a columnist for wire services. Global Research, November 10, 2011 – http://www.globalresearch.ca/fukushima-japan-s-second-nuclear-disaster/?print=1
The thousands of tons of solid radioactive waste accumulating in the cooling pools next to
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a result of our nuclear plants, a story not being effectively told. Silverstein ’12
(Ken Silverstein is a journalist specializing in writing about energy. He is the editor-in-chief of EnergyBiz Insider. He is Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, "The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion", Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/)
"Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions
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without the carbon emissions or the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Fusion eliminates current waste and won’t make its own.Holland ’12
(Andrew Holland has a multi-disciplinary background. He currently serves as Senior Fellow for Energy and Climate
Expertise Energy, Climate Change, and Infrastructure Policy at the American Security Project. He is an experienced writer and strategic analyst. He has spoken about energy security, Arctic policy, and water resources at high-level events in South Korea, Brussels, Washington, London, Geneva, and China. He was the manager of the Transatlantic Dialogue on Climate Change and Security. This dialogue brought together subject experts from government, the military, NGOs, Think Tanks, and academia. He has a close relationship with a diverse group of energy, security, and environmental experts from around the world. Prior to joining the IISS, he was a Legislative Assistant on Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure for United States Senator Chuck Hagel of Nebraska. He holds a Master’s Degree in International Strategy and Economics from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and a Bachelor’s Degree in History and Economics from Wake Forest University. "America’s Energy Choices", ASP White Paper, 8-2, http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf-http://americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Americas-Energy-Choices-ASP-Andrew-Holland-FINAL-.pdf)
Fusion power does not produce radioactive waste at nearly the same level as fission.
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-term environmental sustainability of existing U.S. nuclear power plants. Science Master ’10
(The ScienceMaster team includes science professionals, educators, subject matter experts, and technical advisors who work collaboratively to bring you the best science resources. Their goal is to bring scientific issues to the attention of today’s youth by using the Internet – Sept 13th – available at: http://www.sciencemaster.com/jump/physical/fusion_energy.php)
The successful commercialization of fusion energy (which could be realized by the middle of
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controlled fusion can reach its potential as an environmentally benign source of energy. Kennedy ’9
(Jack Kennedy has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. He is the Co-Founder of the Energy Technology Summit; a member of the Virginia Commercial Space Flight Authority Board of Directors. He holds a JD, Clerk of the Circuit Court – Wise and Norton Counties, VA, and also holds Six Degrees in Business, Management, Judicial Administration, Political Science, Space Science, and Law, "Fusion: The Holy Grail for Space Propulsion Systems and Earth Energy Independence", 10-12, http://spaceports.blogspot.com/2009/10/fusion-holy-grail-for-space-propulsion.html) ’Wild card’ energy technology may prove to be humanity’s ’game-changer’ if nuclear scientists
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flop. Bottomline: humanity must learn atomic fusion to solve many problems. Grant ’12
(Andrew, Associate Editor of Discover Magazine, former reporter and researcher for Discover and appears in The Best American Science and Nature Writing for 2011. "How to Survive the End of the Universe", Discover Magazine, 2-28, http://discovermagazine.com/2011/dec/16-how-to-survive-the-end-of-the-universe/article_view?b_start:int=1%26-C) So where to next? Martian colonies could pack up the spaceship and relocate to
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size of Earth, and believe many billions more exist within our galaxy. Schulze ’92
(Norman R., United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Safety and Mission Quality, Technical Standards Division, "Fusion Energy for Space: Feasibility Demonstration", October, http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930022120_1993022120.pdf) One consideration having great importance to NASA’s research and space science future is the fact
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first-wall exposure become acceptable from D-3He’s reduced neutron flux. Fission accidents are deadly Gutheinz 5
(Joseph, Former Senior Special Agent – NASA Office of Inspector and JD, "NASA’s Plutonium Gamble", http://www.paranoiamagazine.com/plutogamble.html) Nukes in Space The Cassini-Huygens mission is a joint project of NASA and
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reactors on the moon from where it will launch atomic-propelled rockets. White ’12
(et al., Anne white is an Assistant Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering at MIT. She holds a Ph.D., Physics, University of California, Los Angeles; an M.S. - Physics, University of California, Los Angeles; and a B.S. - Physics and Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson – "MIT Fusion Researchers Answer Your Questions", Slashdot Forums, 4-11, http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/12/04/11/0435231/mit-fusion-researchers-answer-your-questions) MIT Researchers: Questions 11 and 14 are similar and we have answered them together
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parallel. Something similar could be done in fusion, given the money. The United States Federal Government should lift Federal Acquisition Regulations and Work-for-Others ceilings pertaining to fusion energy production in the United States.OTA ’88
(Office of Technology Assessment – The Defense Technology Base: Introduction and Overview – Chapter Five – March 1988 – http://www.princeton.edu/~~ota/disk2/1988/8810/881007.PDF) Multiprogram Laboratories DOE nuclear weapons R%26D and nuclear materials production are of obvious
AND - and directing the Three Mile Island "Technical Information and Examination Program."
Jones ’3
(David – Editor for Platt’s Renewable Energy Report – Inside Energy /with Federal Lands – November 10, 2003 – lexis) The planning and preparation of any ~[burning plasma experiment~] must engage a broad
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expect it will be an issue in the future,’’ he said. Gibbons ’97
(et al; John H. Gibbons – CHAIR OF THE REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON FEDERAL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CHALLENGES OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY – Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy – PRESIDENT’S COMMITTEE OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PANEL ON ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT – NOVEMBER 1997 – http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-nov2007.pdf) More strongly linking the fundamental energy research and applied energy research programs may also have
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can effectively complement, leverage, or catalyze work in the private sector. We’re not pro-State, but we’re "anti-anti State". Some things can ONLY be solved "through the system" – and lifting existing State-exclusions on fusion are such an issue:Barbrook ’97
(Dr. Richard, School of Westminster, Nettime, "More Provocations", 6-5, ¶ http://www.nettime.org/Lists-Archives/nettime-l-9706/msg00034.html)
I thought that this position is clear from my remarks about the ultra-left
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can be a fun artistic pose. However, human suffering is not. Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf)
Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf)
This paper is a mixture of narrative and theory. The narratives were collected from
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new vocabularies, can have in creating a more just distribution of power. Kupperman ’5
(et al, Jeff Kupperman is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Michigan-Flint and a core member of the University of Michigan’s Interactive Communications %26 Simulations group. Gary Weisserman is head of school at the 180-student Oakland Early College. He is also affiliated with the University of Michigan and West Bloomfield High School – Curriculum games: An online character-playing project as "ironist curriculum" – April 4, 2005 – available at: http://blog.jkupp.com/files/curriculum_games.pdf)
This fits well with our conception of ironic curriculum, in the sense that students
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created a safe place for students to challenge the vocabulary of civics education. Sweeping claims don’t undercut the Aff. We can advance contingent and particular knowledge without "Big T" Epistemology.
PRICE ’98
(RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications – http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf)
One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that
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violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself. We’ll indict "pre-fiat" and micro-politics. Those args mask that macro-politics shapes the local more than vice-versa.Ebert ’5
Teresa L. Ebert is a professor of cultural theory at the University at Albany, State University of New YorkScience %26 Society, Vol. 69, No. 1, January 2005, 33–55, available at: http://people.missouristate.edu/WilliamBurling/Adobe%20files/Rematerializing%20Feminism.pdf
The emergence of micropolitics marks the impact of the globalization of capitalist production and the
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ethnographical studies of the behavior of the subject in its multiple consuming relations. Eliasoph ’97
Nina Eliasoph is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern California –Theory and Society, Vol. 26, No. 5 (Oct., 1997), pp. 605-647 – Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/658024
If it’s not something that ~[pause~] effects ~[pause~] my ~[pause
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horizons, sometimes it shrinks them, sometimes it does both at once. Eliasoph ’97
Nina Eliasoph is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern California –Theory and Society, Vol. 26, No. 5 (Oct., 1997), pp. 605-647 – Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/658024
If the key to the mystery of "close to home" is not deformed
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they take anything else seriously, or acknowledge that close and far are inseparable Small ’6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, "Moving Forward," The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp)
What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context. Chandler ’9
David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster – ’The Global Ideology: Rethinking the Politics of the "Global Turn" in IR’, International Relations, Vol. 23, No. 4 (2009), pp. 530-547.
http://www.davidchandler.org/pdf/journal_articles/Journal%20of%20Int%20Rels%20-%20Global%20Ideology%20published.pdf
While the Cold War discipline of international relations is understood in ideological terms of power
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rather than as a result of the expanded nature of collective political engagement. Chandler ’7
(David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster –
"The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere" – Inaugural Lecture – May – available at: http://www.davidchandler.org/pdf/short_articles/Inaugural%20lecture.pdf)
However, politics is no less important to many of us today. Politics still
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about how theory might be used to understand and engage with the world.
( ) Plan reduces waste production and destroys current waste. That’s our UT and Holland ev.Farrell ’12
(Caroline Farrell is the Executive Director of the Center on Race, Poverty %26
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Duke Forum for Law %26 Social Change – 2012 – lawrev; lexis)
These disparate impacts were first identified in 1987 in a groundbreaking report from the United
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formation of public policy, self-determination, and workplace safety. n32 ( ) They’ve granted that without fusion, space travel will end. That’s Schulze.
( ) And, travel key to Overview Effect. White ’87
Frank White, is the author of The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human
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exploration and the future –, 1987, The Overview Effect, p. 166
The universe is so enormous and awesome that it becomes a unifying force in itself
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understandings of unity and disunity, war and peace, competition and cooperation. ( ) Specifically key to solve racism. Hearsey ’12
Christopher M. Hearsey – Deputy Executive Officer, Astrosociology Research Institute – Proceedings from the 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition –
09 - 12 January 2012 – http://www.astrosociology.org/Library/PDF/Space2011—EcologiesAndEnvironments.pdf The Overview Effect¶ Humans’ perceptions of their surroundings determine much of their behavior.
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, and this may result in new types of ecosystems and space societies. Fairness. K frameworks decrease topic-education and are theoretically limitless.Fluck ’2
Dr Winfried Fluck is professor and chair of American studies at the John F. Kennedy Institute of North American Studies in Berlin. He is also co-director of the Dartmouth Institute "The Future of American Studies" at Dartmouth College. The Modernity of America and the Practice of Scholarship 2002 – available online at: http://www.jfki.fu-berlin.de/en/v/publications_fluck/2000/fluck_modernity_scholarship/Fluck_Modernity_Scholarship.pdf For a while, the solution to this proliferation of meaning production seemed to be
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, unbridgeable difference and has therefore moved to the center of revisionist approaches. Patnaik ’8
Sumeeta Patnaik – at the time of this writing, Sumeeta was writing this project as her part of her Qualifying Assessment in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Education In Curriculum and Instruction, Marshall University Graduate College, Graduate School of Education and Professional Development. Prior to this writing , Sumeeta held an MA in Political Science and a separate MA in English. Available at: www.marshall.edu/gsepd/edd/.../PatnaikS_reflective_paper.doc
As I sat down to write this reflection, I had to examine the length
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to put these new thinking skills into practice as a scholar and educator. Demand proof when they contextualize – not assertion. Pre-req to accuracy and scholarship.Hantrais ’99
LINDA HANTRAIS is Professor of European Social Policy in the Department of Politics at Loughborough University. She has been Visiting Fellow at the Centre for International Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science. International Journal of Social Research Methodology Date: April 1, 1999 – available via EBSCO database Contextualization is central to all three of these approaches. In the first case,
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about causality are drawn because the wrong level of inference is being used. And, our "Even If" arg. Suppose macro-simulation changes nothing in this room. Their pre-fiat args design a local curriculum. If we fail, we still avoid the disads to extreme localism.Hoff ’6
(et al, Dr. Dianne Hoff, professor in the College of Education and Human Development and president of Faculty Senate, University of Maine, Journal of Educational Administration, 44:3 – available via Emerald Management 120 database). There is no question that helping educational leadership students become self-analytical and reflect
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. This is an arena from which a new social order can emerge.
Collins 98 (Patricia Hill, Professor of Sociology – University of Cincinnati, Fighting Words, p. 135-137) In this academic context, postmodern treatment of power relations suggested by the rubric of
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relations in academia or elsewhere. Ironically, their privilege may actually increase. JET, ITER, and the Sun prove it’s feasible. Money’s key.Forshaw 12 (Jeff, Professor of Theoretical Physics – University of Manchester, "Nuclear Fusion – Your Time Has Come", The Guardian, 9-10, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/sep/16/nuclear-fusion-iter-jet-forshaw?newsfeed=true) A fusion reactor called Iter is currently under construction in France and is due to start operation in 2020. Its principal goal is to determine the viability of fusion at the scale of a power station. Success is widely anticipated and there are already plans afoot to build a "demonstration power plant" to start operating in the 2030s.
Fusion is the reason that our sun keeps shining. Deep in the sun’s core
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sun would stop burning and collapse under the weight of its own gravity.
The goal is to exploit the same basic physics to generate energy here on Earth
AND - it takes a proton in the sun around 5bn years to fuse.
For that reason Iter will not fuse protons; instead it will fuse deuterium and
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reactor, that heat can then be extracted and delivered to the grid.
The fuel is not too hard to come by either, and it won’t run out in the next few million years at least: deuterium is plentiful in seawater and tritium can be manufactured by reacting those outgoing neutrons with lithium.
It used to be joked that fusion is always the fuel of the future,
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event at the Joint European Torus (Jet) in Culham, Oxfordshire.
Science K too sweeping and jacks progressives. Turns their offense.Gross ’98
(et al, Paul R. Gross, who is a University Professor of Life Sciences (Emeritus) at the University of Virginia. He has taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York University, Brown University, and the University of Rochester –Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science. Page 24-25) There are many reasonably well read people to whom the growing antagonism toward science on
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with attention and approval, and take a measure of inspiration from it. Lorimer ’92
(Doug, Professor Emeritus – Tri University and Member – National Executive of the Democratic Socialist Party, "Should We Oppose Fusion Technology?", Green Left Weekly, 2-19, http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/2210) Undemocratic technology? While he points out that with "more human and financial resources
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achieve. And Marxists certainly shouldn’t oppose it because it requires scientific knowledge. Publisher’s Weekly 8 (Review of Wise’s ’White Like Me’", http://www.amazon.com/White-Like-Me-Reflections-Privileged/dp/1933368993) Activist, lecturer and director of the new Association for White Anti-Racist Education
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or death issues as a battle of wits—his candor is invigorating. Hoff ’6
(et al, Dr. Dianne Hoff, professor in the College of Education and Human Development and president of Faculty Senate, University of Maine, Journal of Educational Administration, 44:3 – available via Emerald Management 120 database). There is no question that helping educational leadership students become self-analytical and reflect
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. This is an arena from which a new social order can emerge. Joppke ’91
(Christian - professor of political and social sciences at the European University Institute — The British Journal of Sociology - March - via J-Store) Since the ecology and anti-nuclear movements lack a well-defined group basis
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is no time to lose because too much time has already been lost. Space can now de-construct the master narrative – things have changed since the early era of exploration Launius ’8
Roger D. Launius is chair of the Division of Space History at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. Between 1990 and 2002 he served as chief historian of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Dr. Launis’ MA and Phd were with major fields in American frontier and military history.
A Chapter in the Book: Remembering the Space Age – Chapter 17 – "American Spaceflight history’s Master Narrative and the Meaning of Memory" – http://www.nss.org/resources/library/spacepolicy/Remembering_the_Space_Age.pdf
Finally, who has the right—not to mention the power—to interpret
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and individualistic followings a uniquely boutique but satisfactory interpretation of space exploration’s history. ( ) Things have changed – Exploration is no longer a meta-narrative. It now reshapes violent institutions. Gerovitch ’8
Slava Gerovitch is a Dibner/Sloan Postdoctoral Researcher at the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at MIT and a Research Associate at the Institute for the History of Natural Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A Chapter in the Book: Remembering the Space Age – Chapter 12 – Creating Memories: Myth, Identity, and Culture in the Russian Space Age
http://www.nss.org/resources/library/spacepolicy/Remembering_the_Space_Age.pdf
In the post-Soviet era, discourses of the past and of the present
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tool of profit-making, and the stuff politics is made of. Joyner 99 (Christopher C., Professor of International Law – Georgetown U., 5 ILSA J Int’l %26 Comp L 377, June) Use of the debate can be an effective pedagogical tool for education in the social
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the real world of policy analysis, political critique, and legal defense. ( ) *Framing Point –if we don’t fit each prong, don’t reject. That’s a link of omission and doesn’t show we’re WRONG or mean. Dismissing Aff ev on-face causes sectarianism:Lake 11
(David A., Jerri-Ann and Gary E. Jacobs Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California – San Diego, "Why ’’isms’’ Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology,
and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress," International Studies Quarterly (2011) 55, 465–480) My critique of our profession is a common one, but one worth repeating.
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section below takes up epistemology and its consequences for professional practice and knowledge. Moore 00 – Moore, Professor of Theology at Valparaiso University, -2K
(James, Cross Current, Winter, http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m2096/4_50/70396499/print.ihtmn-http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m2096/4_50/70396499/print.ihtmn I was struck again by two examples of recent efforts at shaping a post-
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as we attempt to retrieve meaning in texts ~[no period in original~] This does apply – first paragraph of Neg’s ev based on the book and thesis we just reviewed.Your Fasching ev – 2001
(Darrell and Dell, Prof. of Religious Studies @ University of South Florida, Prof. of Religious Studies @ USF, Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach, Pg. 42-43) Interpreting our own historical situation is risky business for we arc still too close to the events. We do not have the distance needed to put everything into proper perspective. Nevertheless, without such an interpretation it is impossible to identify the ethical challenges that face us, SO we must risk it. In this chapter we restate the core argument of Narrative Theology After Auschwitz MARKED
(1992 ) and its sequel. 7Zv Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima (
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ethic of the holy in response to the sacred morality of the first. |
| 01/08/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, "How Seawater Can Power the World", New York Times, 7-10, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/opinion/11Prager.html?_r=1%26ref=opinion) DEBATE about America’s energy supply is heating up
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that will shape our future. Scientists and engineers stand ready to help. Sarewitz 3 (Daniel, Professor of Science and Society and Co-Director of the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes – Arizona State University, "Does Science Policy Exist, and If So, Does it Matter?: Some Observations on the U.S. R%26D Budget", Discussion Paper for Earth Institute Science, Technology, and Global Development Seminar, 4-8, http://www.cspo.org/documents/budget_seminar.pdf) It is not only axiomatic but also true that federal science policy is largely played
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The first thing to be said is that it depends on which trends one chooses to examine. Woodruff 11 (Woodruff Scientific Ltd, C-Corp established in 2005 in Seattle, Washington. WSI Performs Research Under Contract to Private and Public Institutions, as well as through Awards from the U.S. Department of Energy, "Introduction to Fusion", 3-3, http://woodruffscientific.com/wp/fusion/nwea-introduction-to-fusion) The need for fusion could not be more pronounced than today: the world is
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The time is now for fusion. Hagel 12 – Charles, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance – Georgetown University, "The Challenge of Change", The Atlanticist, 5-15, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/challenge-change The world we face in 2012 is of a different character than even a few years ago.
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policy paradigm that frames the complexity of the challenges that face America and the world. Derose 12 (Kimberly, Miliken Scholar, MS in Journalism – USC, AB Physics – Harvard University, and Science Writer – UCLA Office of Media Relations, "Dire Prospects for Domestic Fusion Energy Research", Spring 2012 Money, Markets and Media – USC Annenberg School of Communication, 3-3, http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets-http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets media/?p=433) It is certainly not uncommon for government experiments to have their funding pulled.
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is perhaps the greatest problem with path we’re on," Greenwald told Science. Gogue 12 (Jay, President – Auburn University, along with 7 other University Presidents, "Presidents’ Letter on Fusion", 4-13, http://www.fusionfuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Presidents-Letter-Fusion.pdf) We are writing to request that you reconsider the Administration’s proposed funding level for the
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future fusion researchers who will be dissuaded from entering the field at all. Olynyk 12 (Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Science and Fusion – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al., "Don’t Break the Pipeline: Ensuring a Workforce for the Burning Plasma Era", 7-27, http://fire.pppl.gov/FESAC_WP_workforce_MIT.pdf) The proposed FY2013 budget does not set FES on a path to create a workforce
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fusion reactors will requires attracting and retaining the world’s best scientists and engineers. Ludes 11 (Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, "Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security", American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf-https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) With the political will and the right investment, the potential strategic gains for the U.S. in the aggressive development and deployment of fusion power plants are extraordinary. These would include:
• Clean, safe, sustainable, and affordable electricity generation in the U.S. and the world;
• Energy independence and associated freedom from foreign countries for our energy supplies;
• Transition to an electricity-generating economy to power our cars and trucks;
• Elimination of the actinides in spent nuclear-fuel by building fusion/fission hybrid plants (using the high neutron fields from fusion to transmute the actinides in spent fuel and thereby render the spent fuel non-toxic within 200 years – not tens of thousands of years);
• The two-fold boost to the U.S. economy of reducing our huge trade imbalance by eliminating the cost of importing oil and making the U.S. a world-leader in the energy market by providing fusion generating plants for the whole world;
• Creation of a large number of jobs in building and maintaining commercialized fusion power plants;
• Demonstration of how U.S. leadership in technology can be leveraged to drive leadership in energy; and
• Increase interest and high-paying jobs for young people going into scientific and engineering fields. Kammen 7 (Daniel, Professor in Public Policy Specializing in Energy and Resources – University of California, Berkeley, and Gregory F. Nemet, Professor of Public Policy – University of California, Berkeley, "Energy Myth Eleven – Energy R%26D Investment Takes Decades To Reach The Market", Energy and American Society – Thirteen Myths, Ed. Sovacool and Brown, p. 304-305) We also examined the thesis that these large programs "crowd out" other research
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technologies, sectors, and the multiple stages of the innovation process. Holdren 10 (John P., Former Director and Faculty Chair in the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, "Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) for America’s Future", September, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-stemed-report.pdf) PCAST believes that technology has now advanced to the point that it can and
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State and local educational authorities lack the necessary resources or scale. Shortages undermine effectiveness of NESTs —- causes accidents and nuclear terrorismAPS 8 – American Physics Society, "Readiness of the U.S. Nuclear Workforce for 21st Century Challenges", June, http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/upload/Nuclear-Readiness-Report-FINAL-2.pdf The tragedy of September 11, 2001, has brought an intense focus on the
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That report makes recommendations for addressing this issue, as do other studies10. Terrorism’s likely and sparks global nuclear warSpeice 6 (Patrick, JD Candidate – College of William and Mary, "Negligence and Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating the Current Liability Barrier to Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs", William and Mary Law Review, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, February, Lexis) Terrorist groups could acquire a nuclear weapon by a number of methods, including "
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draw in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons. Randall 1 (Don M., President – University of Chicago, with other University Presidents, "Revitalizing Science in the Department of Energy", American Physics Society White Paper, December, http://www.aps.org/policy/tools/-http://www.aps.org/policy/tools/ coalitions/esc/upload/Grassroots_2001_ESC_WhitePaperRevitalizingScienceDOE.pdf) Our future national security is at stake.
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ongoing DOE science efforts will be critical to our future homeland security efforts. Flynn 8 (Stephen E., Ph.D. and Senior Fellow for National Security Studies – Council on Foreign Relations, "Overcoming the Flaws in the U.S. Government Efforts to Improve Container, Cargo, and Supply Chain Security", Written Testimony before a hearing of the Homeland Security Appropriations Subcommittee, Committee on Appropriations, United States House of Representatives, 4-2, http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/risk/library/2008-04-02_Flynn_ImprovingContainerSecurity.pdf) In practice, CSI teams have been able to inspect only a fraction of a
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, the resultant disruption to supply chains could reverberate throughout the national economy. Panzer 8 (Michael J., Faculty – New York Institute of Finance, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138) The rise in isolationism and protectionism will bring about ever more heated arguments and dangerous
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between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war. Cunningham 12 (Nicholas, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate – American Security Project, "The Future of Fusion", American Security Project Blog, 6-5, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/the-future-of-fusion/) Fourth, a robust fusion industry would have important spillover effects that AND
as China, South Korea and Japan increase their investments in fusion technology. Cowley 10 – Plasma 2010 Committee, co-chaired by Steven C. Cowley, Ph.D. in the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University and professor at Imperial College London at the Blackett Laboratory, and John Peoples, Jr., director emeritus of Fermilab and recipient of the Distinguished Service Award from the National Science Foundation, 2007 (National Research Council of the National Academies, "Plasma Science: Advancing Knowledge in the National Interest", http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11960.html, p. 72-73) Conclusion: Low-temperature plasma science and engineering share much intellectual space with other
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of plasma science. The time is now to tap into this synergy. Silverstein 12 (Ken, Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, "The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion", Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) "Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy AND
in the future, as it does with any high-level research. Low-temp plasma innovation’s key to U.S. nanotechCowley 7 (Steven C., Professor – University of California at Los Angeles, et al., "Plasma Science: Advancing Knowledge in the National Interest", p. 40-41) The many beneficial applications of low-temperature plasmas are realized most
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the key enablers of the nanotechnology revolution. Nanotech is inevitable —- U.S. leadership is key to stable development —- checks gray goo, super-weapons, and eco-collapseDennis 6 (Lindsay V., JD Candidate – Temple University School of Law, "Nanotechnology: Unique Science Requires Unique Solutions", Temple Journal of Science, Technology %26 Environmental Law, Spring, 25 Temp. J. Sci. Tech. %26 Envtl. L. 87, Lexis) Nanotechnology, a newly developing field merging science and technology, promises a future of
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in this article as examples of what can be done to regulate nanotechnology. Bostrom 2 (Nice, Ph.D, Professor – Oxford University, and Winner – Eugene R. Gannon Award for the Continued Pursuit of Human Advancement, "Existential Risks Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards", Journal of Evolution and Technology, 9, March, http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html) In a mature form, molecular nanotechnology will enable the construction of bacterium-scale
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arms race between the US and the USSR was predicted but occurred nevertheless. Woskov 12 – Paul, Senior Research Engineer – MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, "About Plasmas – Cleaning the Environment", http://www.plasmacoalition.org/plasma_writeups/environment.pdf "Water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends,
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could make today’s "global garbage cans" a thing of the past. Solves anti-biotic resistant pandemics —- risk’s highGraves 12 (David, Professor – University of California, Berkeley, "David Graves Details Plasma’s Power to Prevent Infection", Plasma Page – Coalition for Plasma Science, 15(1), June, http://www.plasmacoalition.org/plasma_pages/pp_jun2012.htm) On March 28, 2012, the Coalition for Plasma Science presented the 17th in a
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water, and synergize with UV; finally, the technology is inexpensive. Plotkin 00 (Mark J., Ph.D., President – Amazon Conservation Team and Research Associate – Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of Natural History, Trained Ethnobotanist, and Tropical Researcher, "Searching for Nature’s Medicines", Action Bioscience, October, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/plotkin.html) Rain forests and coral reefs have incredible potential for natural medicines.
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mixture of nature and science, which promises so much for the future. Plasma research’s key to mitigate solar storms —- causes blackout and satellite disruptionGarcia 12 – Dr. Leonard, Research Scientist – Wyle Information Systems at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ph.D. in Astronomy – University of Florida, and Timothy Eastman, Wyle Information Systems, LLC., "About Plasmas – Space Weather", Coalition for Plasma Science, http://www.plasmacoalition.org/plasma_writeups/space-weather.pdf A ghostly thin breeze from the Sun, the solar wind, blows persistently through
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solar storms on communications and other technologies that we increasingly depend upon today. Brooks 9 – Brooks, PhD in Quantum Physics, 3/23/09
~Michael, New Scientist, "Space Storm Alert: 90 Seconds From Catastrophe"~ Such nightmare scenarios are not restricted to North America. High latitude nations such as
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Most of the time it’s alright, but occasionally it will get you." Hecht 11 – Editor in Chief @ 21st Century Magazine
Laurence, Solar Storm Threatening Power Grids – Yet no Action Taken to Implement Defences, http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Solar-Storm-Threatening-Power-Grids-%E2%80%93-Yet-no-Action-Taken-to-Implement-Defences.html-http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Solar-Storm-Threatening-Power-Grids-%E2%80%93-Yet-no-Action-Taken-to-Implement-Defences.html A known and cataclysmic threat to the U.S. electric power grid is
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unprepared for a return to pre-electricity conditions could descend into chaos. EIA 99 – Energy Information Administration / Federal Energy Market Interventions 1999: Primary Energy, "3. Federal Energy Research and Development", http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/pdf/research.pdf) Research and Development Defined
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out of the %2430 million for new or improved nuclear power plants. Goldes 11 – MA @ Brandeis and San Francisco State
Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html-http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html We face a severe potential emergency. External threats serve to unite.
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specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Emory PS | Judge: - 1AC NDT ROUND 1
STEM – 1AC
Contention 1 --- STEM Education
Scientists watch federal funding streams. Low fusion spending turns away STEM grad students.
Derose 12 (Kimberly, Miliken Scholar, MS in Journalism – USC, AB Physics – Harvard University, and Science Writer – UCLA Office of Media Relations, “Dire Prospects for Domestic Fusion Energy Research”, Spring 2012 Money, Markets and Media – USC Annenberg School of Communication, 3-3, http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets media/?p=433)
It is certainly not uncommon for government experiments to have their funding pulled. Yet
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is perhaps the greatest problem with path we’re on,” Greenwald told Science.
This breaks the pipeline of STEM workers
Olynyk 12 (Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Science and Fusion – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al., “Don’t Break the Pipeline: Ensuring a Workforce for the Burning Plasma Era”, 7-27, http://fire.pppl.gov/FESAC_WP_workforce_MIT.pdf) The proposed FY2013 budget does not set FES on a
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fusion reactors will requires attracting and retaining the world's best scientists and engineers.
Multiple fields will be affected. Fusion investment steers students back.
Ludes 11 (Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, “Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security”, American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) With the political will and the right investment, the potential strategic gains for the U.S. in the aggressive
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• Increase interest and high-paying jobs for young people going into scientific and engineering fields.
Funding sends a signal of commitment that increases enrollment in nuclear science --- demand-side drivers are key
Atkinson 10 – Robert, President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, Doctorate in City and Regional Planning from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Refueling the U.S. Innovation Economy”, 12-7, http://www.itif.org/files/2010-refueling-innovation-economy.pdf One way to expand the supply of STEM students is to expand demand for them
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right numbers, with the right skills, and at the right times.
Federal signal’s key
Holdren 10 (John P., Former Director and Faculty Chair in the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, “Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) for America’s Future”, September, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-stemed-report.pdf) PCAST believes that technology has now advanced to the point that it can and should play a leading role in AND
for education. State and local educational authorities lack the necessary resources or scale.
Education shortfalls kill nuclear chemistry – crushes production of radioisotopes
APS 8 – American Physics Society, “Readiness of the U.S. Nuclear Workforce for 21st Century Challenges”, June, http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/upload/Nuclear-Readiness-Report-FINAL-2.pdf 3.2 Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry¶ Nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry are two fields
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and (5) preparations of radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic and diagnostic medical applications.
Domestic production prevents nuclear terrorism – US solves global shortages
UCS 9
(Union of Concerned Scientists, internally citing Dr. Edwin Lyman, a senior staff scientist with the UCS Global Security Program, “US Needs Med Isotope Production Capability,” 1-14-09, http://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/us-needs-med-isotope-0182.html) The United States could soon face a critical shortage of essential radioisotopes used in medicine
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that don't want to buy them from producers that use highly enriched uranium."
Causes retaliatory over-reaction and extinction
Ayson 10 (Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand – Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33(7), July) A Catalytic Response: Dragging in the Major Nuclear Powers
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be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.
Global shortages of safe radioisotopes cause extinction
Tennenbaum 6
(Dr. Jonathan, scientific adviser to the Schiller Institute and the Executive Intelligence Review (EIR), Wiesbaden, Germany, “The Isotope Economy,” http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/2006_articles/Isotope_Economy.pdf) The subject of this essay is a crucial component of the economic mobilization which must
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appeared as “infinitesimal” nuances in the behavior of¶ chemical elements.
Shortages make geopolitical tensions inevitable – gender modified
Tennenbaum 6
(Dr. Jonathan, scientific adviser to the Schiller Institute and the Executive Intelligence Review (EIR), Wiesbaden, Germany, “The Isotope Economy,” http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/2006_articles/Isotope_Economy.pdf) Human’s physical existence, which depends upon its constant¶
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same time radically¶ improving the range and quality of the final products.
They’ll escalate rapidly – deterrence gets warped
Cabral 10 (Jim, Professor of International Relations and Political Science – Landmark College, “Book Review – Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet”, Z Magazine, July, http://www.zcommunications.org/rising-powers-shrinking-planet-by-jim-cabral) Not surprisingly, the accelerating militarization of energy procurement increases the possibilities for armed international
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but also increasing the risk that they will be caught in any conflagration." Spinoffs – 1AC
Contention 2 --- Spinoffs
Fusion research generates spin-off technologies --- budget cuts make this impossible
Cunningham 12 – Nicholas, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate at the American Security Project, “The Future of Fusion”, American Security Project Blog, 6-5, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/the-future-of-fusion/ Fourth, a robust fusion industry would have important spillover effects that previous technological
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Japan increase their investments in fusion technology.
This can happen immediately, even if sustained fusion is far off
Silverstein 12 – Ken, Editor of Energy Central and Contributor to Forbes Magazine, “The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion”, Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/ “Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions because it is AND
such bonuses will occur in the future, as it does with any high-level research.
Best studies prove
Bruns 12 – Peter, Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, et al., “Spillover Benefits from Controlled Nuclear Fusion Technology – A Patent Analysis”, World Patent Information, 34(4), December 4. Conclusions
Results of the patent analyses suggest that
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impact on economic advance and social developments.
Spin-offs will occur in semiconductor processing
Zinkle 98 – Steven J. Zinkle, Senior Research Staff Member at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “Materials Challenges for Fusion Energy”, The Bridge, 28(4), Winter, http://www.nae.edu/Publications/Bridge/CompetitiveMaterialsandSolutions/MaterialsChallengesforFusionEnergy.aspx Fusion energy research is now at a crossroads. Through advances in the plasma physics
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and ceramics coatings on materials, waste processing, plasma electronics, etc.).
Growth will stall without atomic-level engineering breakthroughs
Peercy 98 – Paul S. Peercy, President of SEMI/SEMATECH, an RandD consortium of U.S. equipment, materials, software, and service suppliers to the semiconductor manufacturing industry, “Semiconductor Materials Research Needs for the 21st Century”, The Bridge, 28(4), Winter, http://www.nae.edu/Publications/Bridge/CompetitiveMaterialsandSolutions/SemiconductorMaterialsResearchNeedsforthe21stCentury.aspx The Problem of Tunneling Current
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continue on its historical productivity growth curve.
Decline’s coming --- federal RandD’s key
Toohey 3-13 – Brian Toohey, President and CEO of the Semiconductor Industry Association, “Capitol Connection: Research Cuts Would Erode America’s Strength”, EE Times, 2013, http://www.eetimes.com/discussion/other/4407963/Capitol-Connection~-~-Research-Cuts-Would-Erode-America-s-Strength We are fortunate to live during the greatest period of technological innovation in human history. I’m proud to
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stifle the new discoveries that are critical to sustaining America’s economic strength.
Plasma processing’s key
Shearn 10 – Dr. Michael Shearn, Professor in the Laboratory of Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology, et al., “Advanced Plasma Processing: Etching, Deposition, and Wafer Bonding Techniques for Semiconductor Applications”, http://authors.library.caltech.edu/35528/1/Shearn_p79.pdf Plasma processing techniques are one of the cornerstones of modern semiconductor fabrication. Low pressure
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minimizing use during one process step can give more latitude in other steps.
RandD enables effective net-centric warfare
Yudken 10 – Joel S. Yudken, Ph.D. and Principal at High Road Strategies, LLC, “Manufacturing Insecurity: America’s Manufacturing Crisis and the Erosion of the U.S. Defense Industrial Base”, 4-14, http://www.ndia.org/Divisions/Divisions/Manufacturing/Documents/119A/1%20Manufacturing%20Insecurity%20ES%20V2.pdf These industries supply critical materials, components and parts used in defense systems or they are enablers AND
United States. Meanwhile, the United States leads in fab closures: 15 out of 27 fabs closed worldwide in 2009, and 4 out of 15, in 2008.
Stops global nuclear war
Deitchman 4 – S.J., Independent Defense Consultant and Former Employee – Department of Defense and Institute for Defense Analyses, “Completing the Transformation of U.S. Military Forces”, Issues in Science and Technology, 20(4), Summer, http://www.issues.org/20.4/deitchman.html Why not wait? Although there have been no arguments about the need to enhance
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as the country learned at Pearl Harbor and feared throughout the Cold War.
Loss of semiconductors crushes precision weapons and radiation-hardening
Lieberman 3 – Sen. Joseph I. Lieberman, JD from Yale Law School, Chair of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senator from Connecticut, “A Semiconductor Base in Peril”, Signal Online, November, http://www.afcea.org/content/?q=node/62 The loss to the U.S. economy of the high-end semiconductor
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chips, no network; no network, no network-centric warfare.
Causes global escalation --- especially in the Balkans
O’Mara 3 – Major Raymond P., “Stealth, Precision, and the Making of American Foreign Policy”, Air and Space Power Journal, 6-9, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/omara.html Perhaps the single most critical element shaping public support in the decision to intervene is
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future by maintaining flexible doctrine and training to meet a more uncertain threat.
Global nuclear war
CDH 99 – Chicago Daily Herald, 5-9, Lexis We hear the grim rationale for sending in ground troops "to salvage the credibility
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point of world conflict resulting in nuclear war and incalculable self-destruction.
Lack of hardening causes EMP attacks
Spring 94 – Baker, Researcher at the Heritage Foundation, “What the Pentagon's Nuclear Doctrine Review Should Say”, Heritage Backgrounder, 5-26, http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/BG987.cfm In addition to ensuring the reliability of the existing stockpile, testing has other important
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, September 20, 1993, pp. 4, 14-15.)
Extinction
Carafano 10 – James Jay Carafano, Ph.D, Director of the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies, and Richard Weitz, Ph.D, Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Political–Military Analysis at the Hudson Institute, 11-17-2010, “EMP Attacks—What the U.S. Must Do Now” The Heritage Foundation, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2010/11/EMP-Attacks-What-the-US-Must-Do-Now An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack represents one of the greatest threats imaginable—
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. Earth would most likely recede into the “new” Dark Ages.
RandD breakthroughs key to combat super suits
CPPI 10 – Center for Public Policy Innovation, “The Decline in Semiconductor Manufacturing in the United States”, June, http://cppionline.org/docs/The-Decline-of-Semiconductor-Manufacturing.pdf Consequences for Research and Development
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and communications systems makes maintaining a strong domestic industry of strategic value.”ix
Solves WMD attacks on troops
Asher 3 – Robert Asher, Research Scientist at the Sandia National Laboratories, et al., “Converging Technologies – E. National Security”, http://www.wtec.org/ConvergingTechnologies/1/NBIC_E_NationalSecurity.pdf The fourth NBIC theme examines the ways in which the United States and modern civilization
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Monitors will provide information on warfighter physiological status and initiate any necessary prophylaxis.
Nuclear war
Conley 3 – Lieutenant Colonel Harry W., Chief of the System Analysis Branch – Headquarters Air Combat Command, “Not with Impunity: Assessing US Policy for Retaliating to a Chemical or Biological Attack”, Air and Space Power Journal, Spring, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/spr03/conley.html The number of American casualties suffered due to a WMD attack may well be the
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be more than just a possibility, whatever promises had been made.”48
Plan The United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial support for fusion power generation in the United States.
Answers
Plan’s applied RandD, solves limits
EIA 99 – Energy Information Administration / Federal Energy Market Interventions 1999: Primary Energy, “3. Federal Energy Research and Development”, http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/pdf/research.pdf Research and Development Defined
Federal energy-related RandD can be described as falling into three classes: basic research, research that seeks
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this program is $19 million, out of the $30 million for new or improved nuclear power plants.
Fusion generation is applied RandD
CFR 12 – Code of Federal Regulations, Department of Energy: Title 10 – Energy, PT. 500-End, p. 249-250 3. Fusion Energy
The magnetic fusion energy program
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pertaining to critical feasibility issues of fusion technology and development.
DoE labs are key
Holdren 99 (John P., Former Director and Faculty Chair in the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, “Powerful Partnerships: The Federal Role in International Cooperation on Energy Innovation”, President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology Report, June, http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph241/ferguson2/docs/pcast99_full.pdf) Beyond the market failures and barriers just discussed, other rationales for government involvement include
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non-energy policies are taken up in a separate subsection, below.
State funding fails: distributed risk and no jurisdiction
Hartwig 12 – Zach, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy – MIT, BS in Physics – Boston University, Email Exchange with Casey Harrigan, 10-22, http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-hartwig.html Geoff forwarded me your email regarding the issues with federally funded fusion research. I agree with
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Constitution so it's important that fusion is under federal jurisdiction at the moment) |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge:
Won’t pass- no bill, delays and friction between key members
The Hill, 3-19-2013 http://thehill.com/opinion/editorials/289159-crucial-stretch-for-obama President Obama has a big second-term agenda, but he faces a make
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Memorial Day, both legislative efforts will be deemed in potentially deadly trouble.
Political capital doesn’t exist and isn’t key to their DA- more likely winners win
Hirsch, 13 (Michael Hirsch, chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau. He was also Newsweek’s Washington web editor and authored a weekly column for Newsweek.com, “The World from Washington.” Earlier on, he was Newsweek’s foreign editor, guiding its award-winning coverage of the September 11 attacks and the war on terror. He has done on-the-ground reporting in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other places around the world, and served as the Tokyo-based Asia Bureau Chief for Institutional Investor from 1992 to 1994. http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207) On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
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map, you have no choice but to move. It’s your choice. Even small changes cause a flood of applications --- swamping USCIS processing capacity
Murthy 9 (Law Firm, “What if CIR Passes? Can USCIS Handle the Increased Workload?”, NewsBrief, 10-30, http://www.murthy.com/news/n_cirwkl.html) Any type of legalization program will face significant opposition, particularly during an economic downturn
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improved greatly, there are still case backlogs that need to be addressed.
Budget, keystone and gun control thump the DA
US News, 3-25-2013 http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2013/03/25/domestic-backlog-greets-obama-upon-return-from-the-mideast President Obama returned to Washington from his Mideast trip with a full plate of nettlesome
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howls of protest no matter which way his administration goes on this issue.
Infrastructure thumps
Fox News, 3-29-2013 http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/03/29/obama-to-push-infrastructure-spending-in-miami/ President Obama will press Congress to pass new tax incentives and other flexibility measures aimed
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block additional spending unless it is offset through tax cuts or other measures. Strong Congressional support for fusion research
Rowberg 00 – Richard E., Senior Specialist in Science and Technology in the Resources, Science, and Industry Division – CRS, “Congress and the Fusion Energy Sciences Program: A Historical Analysis”, Congressional Research Service Report, 1-31, http://fire.pppl.gov/RL30417.pdf In the 1990s, Congress maintained its support of the goals of the fusion program
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and the production of many highly trained scientists and engineers.
No cyberterror – discount evidence from the new Pentagon report
Rid, 13 (Reader War Studies at King’s College, 3-13-’13, Thomas, “The Great Cyberscare” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/13/the_great_cyberscare) The Pentagon, no doubt, is the master of razzmatazz. Leon Panetta set
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of sometimes questionable quality or anonymous informants whose veracity is hard to assess. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Emory PS | Judge: Absolute Astronomy ‘9 (Encyclopedia – http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Federal_government_of_the_United_States) The Federal Government of the United States is the central current reigning United States governmental AND of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: T – RandD = Production – 2AC“Production” is generation by combining atoms -~-- includes RandDOntario 10 (Ontario Society of Professional Engineers, Energy Guide, 2-20, http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/doc_advocacy/2011_doc_20feb_energyguide.pdf) Nuclear fusion energy is produced by combining light atoms (deuturium or tritium - heavy isotopes of AND energy needs for centuries to come. Touran 12 (Nick, Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering – University of Michigan, “Power Basics (Terminology)”, http://www.whatisnuclear.com/physics/power_basics.html) Before embarking on a meaningful discussion of nuclear power, we should touch base on the difference AND reaching about 45 GWd/MT and fast reactors pushing 200GWd/MT. OED 11 (Oxford English Dictionary, “for”, http:~/~/oxforddictionaries.com/definition/for?view=com/definition/for?view=uk(%%)) preposition 1 in support of or in favour of (a person or policy): troops who had fought for Napoleon they voted for independence in a referendum “Financial incentives” are resource transfer to lower cost of production. Includes RandD.EIA 1 – US Energy Information Administration (Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance AND regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government. EI 12 (Energy Informative, “How Does a Nuclear Fusion Power Plant Work?”, http://energyinformative.org/how-does-a-nuclear-fusion-power-plant-work/) What is Nuclear Fusion? AND To achieve this, we need massive amounts of heat. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Carat 13 – Ruby, Founder and Editor of Cold Fusion Now, “Charles Seife Confuses Reality and Myth with Attack on Discoverers of Cold Fusion”, Cold Fusion Now, 1-3, http://coldfusionnow.org/charles-seife-confuses-reality-and-myth-with-attack-on-discoverers-of-cold-fusion/ If you want to study journalism, don’t go to New York University where you might get Professor Charles AND with the actions of Richard Richter. Prager 11-19 – Stewart, Director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, “In Defense of Sustained Research on Fusion”, New York Times Blog, 2012, http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/19/in-defense-of-sustained-research-on-fusion/ Other commentary has appeared, offering incorrect information. In a separate Dot Earth commentary AND – and convert it into a practical energy source for powering the world. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Emory PS | Judge: Fusion solves fission waste and Yucca storage. Even if full-fusion is distant, fusion neutron harnessing isn’t. UT’9 (This is a Multi-Disciplinary release from the University of Texas – it internally quotes Physics Professors, Mechanical Engineers, and Fusion Experts. “Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid Could Destroy Nuclear Waste and Contribute to Carbon-Free Energy Future”, 1-27, This article also appears in This article also appears in Science Daily on Jan 29th – both web addresses are included: http:~/~/www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/(%%); http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127131654.htm) "We have created a way to use fusion to relatively inexpensively destroy the waste AND product of fusion—neutrons—can be achieved in the near term. Krier 85 (James E., Professor of Law at the University of Michigan, “The Un-Easy Case for Technological Optimism,” Michigan Law Review, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Dec., 1985), pp. 405-429) A technological optimist is not simply a person with unqualified enthusiasm about technological promise. AND the optimists; they are conservative, respected experts who command enormous authority. Lucas 11 (Jonathan, patent attorney and Associate of James and Wells, “Game Changing Technologies Promise Climate Change Optimism,” 12-12-11http://www.celsias.com/article/game-changing-technologies-promise-climate-change/) 5. Nuclear fusion – Tri-alpha Energy Nuclear fusion is arguably the panacea AND that necessity will continue to breed inventions like the good mother it is. Fusion is a direct challenge to the condition they critique -~-- conflating nuclear energy with violence plays into the hands of elites(**Yellow=1AC, Blue=2AC) Razani 12 (Rezwan, Executive Director – Focus Fusion Society, “Batman Fusion Redemption”, Fusion Energy League, 7-26, http://www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/batman_fusion_redemption) Fusion doesn’t melt down. TDKR confuses fission and fusion. Fission (FIZZ) AND energy with nuclear weapons means:¶ Nuclear Energy Loses.¶ Nuclear Weapons WIN.¶ Fusion optimism doesn’t cause managerial, violent control Lorimer ‘92 (Doug, Professor Emeritus – Tri University and Member – National Executive of the Democratic Socialist Party, “Should We Oppose Fusion Technology?”, Green Left Weekly, 2-19, http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/2210) Undemocratic technology? While he points out that with "more human and financial resources AND achieve. And Marxists certainly shouldn't oppose it because it requires scientific knowledge. Tallis ‘97 Raymond Tallis, Professor of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Manchester – Enemies of Hope: A Critique of Contemporary Pessimism, Published by Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312173261, p. 407-409 If we deny or rubbish the progress that mankind has already made, and at the same time are aware of the huge AND poverty of spirit and meanness of mind will not have the last word. “Particularity Good” Thesis. Standard Epistemology and Reps frameworks lack particular nuance – makes decisions and scholarship worse.Smith ‘6 Dr. Benedict Smith – Research Fellow in the Department of Philosophy and a member of staff at the University of Durham – Acta Analytica – Volume 21, Number 2 – available via Springer Link Database In a related way, Dancy seeks to undermine certain 'coercive' (Dancy 1993: AND serve to rationally constrain any candidate beliefs or actions in a given circumstance. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Emory PS | Judge: Nelson 12 (Jim, CEO – Solar3D, Inc., “US Government Should Trust the Free Market for Green Energy Investment”, Renewable Energy World, 5-29, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/05/us-government-should-trust-the-free-market-for-green-energy-investment) The loan guarantee program should be retired permanently. AND and three should be left to private investors. Government-led development’s key to breakthroughs and commercialization -~-- no private trade-offStepp 11 – Matthew, Senior Analyst with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) Specializing in Climate Change and Clean Energy Policy, et al., “Counterpoint: Heritage Foundation Backgrounder”, 4-26, http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/Counterpoint_Heritage_BTI_ITIF_AEL.pdf Last week, the Heritage Foundation released a Backgrounder Report calling for dramatic and targeted cuts to AND of a Clean Energy Deployment Administration and additional technology development through DOE.14 Development’s key to prove the concept and eliminate research gaps -~-- only way to get private supportStepp 13 – Matthew, Senior Analyst with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) Specializing in Climate Change and Clean Energy Policy, “Clarifying Public Investments in Clean Energy Innovation”, The Innovation Files, 1-9, http://www.innovationfiles.org/clarifying-public-investments-in-clean-energy-innovation/ Basic energy science is fundamental scientific research in fields like chemistry, biology, and AND to the Great Green Fleet demonstration totaled about $82 million in FY2012. Razani 12 (Rezwan, Executive Director – Focus Fusion Society, “Fusion Finance Conversation: An Invitation”, Fusion Energy League, 4-14, http:~/~/www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/f usion_finance_php/blog/article/f%20usion_finance_conversation_invitation) Private Sector Inroads AND exchange of information with other fusion projects (stochastic and isolating). Witzsche 6 (Rolf A. F., Founder – Agape Research, Independent Economics Researcher and Author of Eleven Novels, “Nuclear Fusion Power”, Truth Versus Guns, 6-3, http:~/~/members.shaw.ca/rolfwitzsche/canada/nuclear_html) *Gender Modified It becomes necessary at this point to take a brief tour into the world of plasma physics since the plasma state AND gargantuan. Let me give you an idea of the scale of the work that is already being done. Freeman 10 (Marsh, Lecturer on Nuclear Physics – New York University, “The True History of The U.S. Fusion Program —And Who Tried To Kill It”, 21st Century Science and Technology, Winter 2009/2010, p. 15-17) There is no disputing that the world is facing an energy crisis of vast proportions, AND , and the descent has already begun. We must reverse it now. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge: Pomeroy 12
~Ross, Assistant Editor – RealClearScience, "Fusion: The Energy of Tomorrow, Today", Real Clear Science, 6-21, http://www.realclearscience.com/articles/2012/06/21/fusion_the_energy_of_tomorrow_today_10-http://www.realclearscience.com/articles/2012/06/21/fusion_the_energy_of_tomorrow_today_10 6303.html~ It’s high time that politicians, and indeed all Americans, recognize that a new
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will drive innovation in multitudes of fields ranging from optics to materials science. Specifically generates high-strength materials necessary for aerospace and chemical manufacturingHazeltine 9
~Richard, Professor – University of Texas, et al., "Research Needs for Magnetic Fusion Energy Sciences", 6-12, http://burningplasma.org/web/ReNeW/ReNeW.report.web2.pdf-http://burningplasma.org/web/ReNeW/ReNeW.report.web2.pdf~~ Breadth of fusion research¶ Fusion progress requires scientific research of the highest quality and
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fusion should have wide application in industry, including aerospace and chemical manufacturing. Baum 99
~Rudy M., C%26EN Washington, Chemical and Engineering News, Millennium Special Report, 12-6, http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html-http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/cenear/991206/7749spintro2.html~~ Here is the fundamental challenge we face: The world’s growing and aging population must
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mysteries and provide for humanity’s basic and not-so-basic needs. Lozano-Perez 12
~Dr Sergio, George Kelley Senior Research Fellow at Oxford University’s Materials Department, "New Material for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors", Material Science and Technology Journal, Volume: 27 Number 4, 1/9, http://www.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/actualidad_cientifica/noticias/thermonuclear_fusion_reactors-http://www.uc3m.es/portal/page/portal/actualidad_cientifica/noticias/thermonuclear_fusion_reactors~~ Scientists at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Oxford University (United Kingdom
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technological activity in the area of advanced materials structures for applications in engineering. Avoids industry collapse and price dropsMiller 12
~John, econ writer for WSJ, "Global Steel Industry Faces Capacity Glut", 11/27, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324595904578116761144046732.html-http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324595904578116761144046732.html~~ Global steel has a big problem: It’s too big and it’s getting bigger.¶
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products for the auto sector, cutting costs and selling more in emerging markets Steel glut causes sell off and protectionismMason 12
~Josephine, commodities specialist for Reuters, "Analysis: Global steel glut feeds trade skirmishes", 6/26, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/26/us-steel-dumping-idUSBRE85P1GN20120626-http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/26/us-steel-dumping-idUSBRE85P1GN20120626~~ Steel producers from around the world are trading allegations that rivals are dumping cheap metal
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in any retaliatory trade measures by countries who feel they have been wronged. Pazner 8 (Michael J., Faculty – New York Institute of Finance, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, p. 137-138) The rise in isolationism and protectionism will bring about ever more heated arguments and dangerous
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between Muslims and Western societies as the beginnings of a new world war. Warrian 10
~Peter, Senior Research Fellow at the Munk Centre (University of Toronto), "The Importance of Steel Manufacturing to Canada – A research Study", May 2010, http://canadiansteel.ca/media/supporting_documentation/Warrian_Report_Final_Version.pdf-http://canadiansteel.ca/media/supporting_documentation/Warrian_Report_Final_Version.pdf, accessed~ Another major impact of globalization of the Canadian steel industry is a much more ¶
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and ¶ wreaking havoc with capacity utilization, viable pricing and layoffs. ¶ Fast 2012
~Ed, Canadian Minister of International Trade and Minister for the Asia-Pacific Gateway, "Harper Government Cuts Red Tape on Steel Imports", 4/1, http://www.international.gc.ca/media_commerce/comm/news-communiques/2012/04/01a.aspx?lang=eng%26view=d-http://www.international.gc.ca/media_commerce/comm/news-communiques/2012/04/01a.aspx?lang=eng%26view=d~~ Modernizing this administrative process will save millions of dollars," said David Sweet, Member
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Regulatory Cooperation Council and Beyond the Border Action Plan - Single Window Initiative. Nuechterlein 99
~Donald E, Rockefeller Research Scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, September 1999, "Canada Debates a Variety of Domestic Issues," http://donaldnuechterlein.com/1999/canada.html-http://donaldnuechterlein.com/1999/canada.html~~ Current opinion polls in Quebec show that pro-independence forces are somewhat below the
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Quebec voters may worry that their province will suffer economically if it separates. Dion 97
~Stephane, Canadian Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, "Canada is Going to Make it After All", http://www.pcobcp.gc.ca/aia/default.asp?Language=E%26Page=PressRoom%26Sub=Speeches%26Doc=19971121_e.htm-http://www.pcobcp.gc.ca/aia/default.asp?Language=E%26Page=PressRoom%26Sub=Speeches%26Doc=19971121_e.htm~~ Secession would be economically bad for Quebec, but it would also be morally wrong
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fortune as Canada cannot successfully bring together populations with different languages and backgrounds. Shehadi 93
~Kamal, Research Associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, "Ethnic Self Determination And the Break Up of States", p. 81~ This paper has argued that self-determination conflicts have direct adverse consequences on international
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a real danger that regional conflicts will erupt over national minorities and borders. Derose 12 (Kimberly, Miliken Scholar, MS in Journalism – USC, AB Physics – Harvard University, and Science Writer – UCLA Office of Media Relations, "Dire Prospects for Domestic Fusion Energy Research", Spring 2012 Money, Markets and Media – USC Annenberg School of Communication, 3-3, http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets-http://ascjweb.org/moneymarkets media/?p=433) It is certainly not uncommon for government experiments to have their funding pulled. Yet
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is perhaps the greatest problem with path we’re on," Greenwald told Science. Olynyk 12 (Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Science and Fusion – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et al., "Don’t Break the Pipeline: Ensuring a Workforce for the Burning Plasma Era", 7-27, http://fire.pppl.gov/FESAC_WP_workforce_MIT.pdf) Recommendations
The proposed FY2013 budget does not set FES on a path to create a workforce commensurate with the goals
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fusion reactors will requires attracting and retaining the world’s best scientists and engineers. Ludes 11 (Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, "Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security", American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf-https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) With the political will and the right investment, the potential strategic gains for the U.S. in the aggressive
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• Increase interest and high-paying jobs for young people going into scientific and engineering fields. Funding sends a signal of commitment that increases enrollment in nuclear science —- demand-side drivers are keyAtkinson 10 – Robert, President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, Doctorate in City and Regional Planning from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Refueling the U.S. Innovation Economy", 12-7, http://www.itif.org/files/2010-refueling-innovation-economy.pdf One way to expand the supply of STEM students is to expand demand for them
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right numbers, with the right skills, and at the right times. Holdren 10 (John P., Former Director and Faculty Chair in the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, "Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) for America’s Future", September, http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-stemed-report.pdf) PCAST believes that technology has now advanced to the point that it can and should play a leading role in
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for education. State and local educational authorities lack the necessary resources or scale. Bender 10 – Bryan, National Security Correspondent – Boston Globe and Former Washington Bureau Chief – Jane’s Defense Weekly, "Alarm Over Shortage Of Nuclear Experts", 4-3, http://www-ners.engin.umich.edu/news_archive/20100625140822mlr The United States is facing a critical shortage of nuclear scientists and engineers, even
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Iran or North Korea live up to their commitments in arms control agreements. Archeology’s key to effective arms control —- spurs multilateral agreement and solves breakoutDavis 10 – Dr. Jay Davis, National Security Fellow – Center for Global Security Research, Founding Director – Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the United States Department of Defense, and Chair – American Physical Society Panel on Public Affairs, et al., "Technical Steps to Support Nuclear Arsenal Downsizing", February, http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/upload/nucleardownsizing.PDF Disclosure of Stockpiles
An essential component of robust future nuclear arms reduction agreements will be the declaration of
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operation of nuclear facilities and therefore identify amounts of plutonium and uranium production. Müller 00 (Harold, Director of the Peace Research Institute-Frankfurt and Professor of International Relations at Goethe University, "Compliance Politics: A Critical Analysis of Multilateral Arms Control Treaty Enforcement", Nonproliferation Review, 7(2), Summer) In this author’s view,3 at least four distinct missions continue to make arms
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level of conflict and assist in ushering in new relations of global cooperation. Breakout causes rearm races and nuclear warGlaser 98 – Charles L., Professor of Political Science and International Affairs – George Washington University, "The Flawed Case for Nuclear Disarmament", Survival, Spring, 40(1), p. 114-116 Because nuclear arsenals could be rebuilt, much of the effort in establishing a disarmament
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irrationally - but this seems just as likely in the formerly disarmed world. Dunn 9 (Lewis A., Senior Vice President – Science Applications International Corp and Former U.S. Ambassador to the NPT, "Reshaping Strategic Relationships: Expanding the Arms Control Toolbox", Arms Control Today, May, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_5/Dunn) Multilateral efforts, such as working to achieve the entry into force of the Comprehensive
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U.S. officials and their counterparts in other countries should take advantage of the full spectrum of these activities. Lewis 9 (Dr. Jeffrey, Director of the Nuclear Strategy and Nonproliferation Initiative at the New America Foundation, "Chinese Nuclear Posture and Force Modernization", Engaging China and Russia on Nuclear Disarmament, Ed. Hansell and Potter, p. 44-46) New Challenges in Sino-U.S. Crisis Stability
In the United States, we tend to think about two implications that will arise
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a dialogue can reduce the possibility of accidents, miscalculations, or misunderstandings. Hunkovic 9 (Lee J, American Military University, "The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict: Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America", http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/ Hunkovic.pdf-http://www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/Hunkovic.pdf) A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate
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outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study. EIA 99 – Energy Information Administration / Federal Energy Market Interventions 1999: Primary Energy, "3. Federal Energy Research and Development", http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/pdf/research.pdf Federal energy-related R%26D can be described as falling into three classes: basic research, research that seeks
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this program is %2419 million, out of the %2430 million for new or improved nuclear power plants. CFR 12 – Code of Federal Regulations, Department of Energy: Title 10 – Energy, PT. 500-End, p. 249-250 3. Fusion Energy
The magnetic fusion energy program is an applied research and development program whose goal is to
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pertaining to critical feasibility issues of fusion technology and development. State funding fails: distributed risk and no jurisdictionHartwig 12 – Zach, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy – MIT, BS in Physics – Boston University, Email Exchange with Casey Harrigan, 10-22, http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-hartwig.html Geoff forwarded me your email regarding the issues with federally funded fusion research. I agree with everything he said, and I wanted to add
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Constitution so it’s important that fusion is under federal jurisdiction at the moment) Duplication and lack of coordination undermine solvency. And they can’t fund PPPL.Olynyk 12 – Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy – MIT, B.Sc (Eng), Engineering Physics – Queen’s University, Summer NSERC USRA Internship – Royal Military College of Canada, Email Exchange with Casey Harrigan, 10-22, http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-olynyk.html-http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-olynyk.html Now, the other part of the question is - why the U.S. federal government in particular, and not state
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it nationally allows it to be coordinated nationally, reducing duplication of effort. Fusion is a direct challenge to the military-industrial complex —- conflating nuclear energy with weapons plays into the hands of elitesRazani 12 (Rezwan, Executive Director – Focus Fusion Society, "Batman Fusion Redemption", Fusion Energy League, 7-26, http://www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/batman_fusion_redemption-http://www.fusionenergyleague.org/index.php/blog/article/batman_fusion_redemption) Fusion doesn’t melt down. TDKR confuses fission and fusion. Fission (FIZZ)
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energy with nuclear weapons means:¶ Nuclear Energy Loses.¶ Nuclear Weapons WIN.¶ |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge: UNCTAD 4 - UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT ("INCENTIVES"
http://unctad.org/en/docs/iteiit20035_en.pdf Box I.1. Types of incentives Financial incentives
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credits for export earnings, and special concessions on the repatriation of earnings and capital. Webb 93 – lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa (Kernaghan, "Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives", 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online) In this paper, "financial incentives" are taken to mean disbursements 18 of
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In effect, these programs are assistance, but they are not incentives. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge: JET, ITER, and the Sun prove it’s feasible. Money’s key.Forshaw 12 (Jeff, Professor of Theoretical Physics – University of Manchester, "Nuclear Fusion – Your Time Has Come", The Guardian, 9-10, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/sep/16/nuclear-fusion-iter-jet-forshaw?newsfeed=true) A fusion reactor called Iter is currently under construction in France and is due to start operation in 2020. Its
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event at the Joint European Torus (Jet) in Culham, Oxfordshire. Olynyk 12 (Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering – MIT, "Fusion Research is a Wise Investment", 3-6, http://tech.mit.edu/V132/N9/olynyk.html-http://tech.mit.edu/V132/N9/olynyk.html) Magnetic fusion research suffers from numerous misconceptions, dating back to the early years of
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ITER obligation. The U.S. should support a fusion future. Burke 12 (Willy, Senior Research Engineer – MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Comment on Their Article – ’Opinion: Good riddance, Alcator C-Mod’, 3-6, http://tech.mit.edu/V132/N9/yost.html?comments~~%23comments) I picked up The Tech to check the coverage of the MIT Men’s Basketball team
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face in the future. Active areas include MHD stability and disruption mitigation. Claims that Cap’s "not sustainable" are wrong and ignore the perm. LOW ’2
Nicholas LOW Architecture @ Melbourne ’2 "Ecosocialisation and environmental planning" Environment and Planning A: 34 p. 57-58
Sustainability is a global, urban project. The question `is capitalism sustainable?
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for the operation of markets will have to be strengthened through cosmopolitical democracy. PORRIT ’6
Jonathan PORRIT Programme Director of Forum for the Future and Chairman of the UK Sustainable Development Commission formerly Director of Friends of the Earth (1984-90); co-chair of the Green Party (UK) Interviewed by James PORTEOUS ’6 http://www.ecosmagazine.com/?act=view_file%26file_id=EC130p32.pdf Contributing to the evolving discussion on sustainable development, his book articulates how capitalism,
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all we have to look forward to is a very hard landing indeed. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge: Witzsche 6 (Rolf A. F., Founder – Agape Research, Independent Economics Researcher and Author of Eleven Novels, "Nuclear Fusion Power", Truth Versus Guns, 6-3, http://members.shaw.ca/rolfwitzsche/canada/nuclear_fusion.html-http://members.shaw.ca/rolfwitzsche/canada/nuclear_fusion.html) *Gender Modified It becomes necessary at this point to take a brief tour into the world of plasma physics since the plasma state AND
gargantuan. Let me give you an idea of the scale of the work that is already being done. Freeman 10 (Marsh, Lecturer on Nuclear Physics – New York University, "The True History of The U.S. Fusion Program —And Who Tried To Kill It", 21st Century Science %26 Technology, Winter 2009/2010, p. 15-17) There is no disputing that the world is facing an energy crisis of vast proportions
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, and the descent has already begun. We must reverse it now. Grant 12 (Andrew, Associate Editor – Discover Magazine, "How to Survive the End of the Universe", Discover Magazine, 2-28, http://discovermagazine.com/2011/dec/16-how-to-survive-the-end-of-the-universe/article_view?b_start:int=1%26-C) So where to next? Martian colonies could pack up the spaceship and relocate to
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size of Earth, and believe many billions more exist within our galaxy. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: UDCCC BS | Judge: Geras ’5
(Norman, Emeritus Professor of Politics at the University of Manchester, "The Reductions of the Left," Dissent, 52:1, Winter, p. 57-58) THE SECOND PART of the answer- to which I now turn—is a
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-level and at the macro-level, involving large social forces. Callahan ’5
William A. Callahan is professor of international politics and China studies at the University of Manchester and codirector of the British Inter-university China Center, Review of International Studies (2005), 31, 701–714
doi:10.1017/S0260210505006716 The argument of this essay is not that China is a threat. Rather,
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threat and opportunity are intimately related as complementary opposites that entail each other. ( ) The K of "China threats" reifies – by identifying the flaws in US posture and painting China as victimized, the IR system replicates itselfCallahan ’5
William A. Callahan is professor of international politics and China studies at the University of Manchester and codirector of the British Inter-university China Center, Review of International Studies (2005), 31, 701–714
doi:10.1017/S0260210505006716 Hence by turning China threat into a theory, the discourse moves from merely responding to criticism in a
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India and Southeast Asia are increasingly threatened by China’s protests of peace.43 Charlesworth 7 (JJ, Writer – Art Monthly, Art Review, and Time Out London, "FUSION NOW%21 Art and the Politics of Energy", Manifesto Club, 12-20, http://www.manifestoclub.com/fusionnowessay) There are many political issues that could be the subject for an art exhibition today
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touches on questions of science, history, industry, aesthetics and subjectivity. Hardert ’89
et al, Ronald A. Hardert, Ph.D., Emeritus Professor, Arizona State University – While at ASU, he was located in The School of Social and Family Dynamics, which is dedicated to enhancing the well-being of individuals, families and social institutions through innovative transdisciplinary research, instructional excellence and active community involvement. A Critical Theory Analysis of Nuclear Power: The Implications of Palo Verde Generating Station , Humanity and Society, 13:2 (1989:May) p.165 – available via MSU Electronic Resources, PAO Database – at: http://pao.chadwyck.com/PDF/1345510992292.pdf Conversely, American utilities were not eager to opt for nuclear power because that technology
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now seem to be the most central issues for sociological analysis. Reiter 2K
Howard L. Reiter is emeritus professor of political science at the University of Connecticut – Source: Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 115, No. 3 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 459-460Published by: The Academy of Political ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2658136
Protests in Seattle and elsewhere remind us that not all Americans are enamored with globalization
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modes of analysis that pose little threat to economic and political power structures. ( ) Avoiding anti-politics is key to check the worst violence Small ’6
(Jonathan, former Americorps VISTA for the Human Services Coalition, "Moving Forward," The Journal for Civic Commitment, Spring, http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/other/engagement/Journal/Issue7/Small.jsp)
What will be the challenges of the new millennium? And how should we equip
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engagement consequently takes on a more specific and political meaning in this context.
Nuclear is NOT intrinsically capitalist. Their K will push us from fusion R%26D and toward anti-class options.Walters ’7
David Walters serves as a member of the steering committee and Administrator of the Leon journal, reflecting the viewpoint of environmental Marxism. April 30, 2007 –
http://climateandcapitalism.com/2007/04/25/left-atomics-a-call-for-rediscussion-of-nuclear-energy/ I wanted to respond to Jeff’s comments which were in response to my own.
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safety record, produced almost no CO2 and otherwise can provide almost limitless power Alt fails. Perm works and doesn’t reify. Barry ’7
John – Reader in Politics @ Belfast ’7 "Towards a model of green political economy: from ecological modernisation to economic security" Int. J. Green Economics, Vol. 1, Nos. 3/4, 2007 p. 447-448
Economic analysis has been one of the weakest and least developed areas of broadly green
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-liberal’ (but certainly not anti-liberal) green perspective.1 Alt would cause Transition Wars – no solvency and lots of deaths.Barnhizer 6
(David, Emeritus Professor at Cleveland State University’s Cleveland-Marshall College of Law; "Waking from Sustainability’s "Impossible Dream": The Decisionmaking Realities of Business and Government," Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 18 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 595) The scale of social needs, including the need for expanded productive activity, has
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social justice while avoiding and mitigating the most destructive consequences of our behavior. Kothari, profrssor of political science – University of Delhi, ’82 (Rajni, Towards a Just Social Order, Alternatives, p. 571) Attempts at global economic reform could also lead to a
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and setting the stage for eventual global holocaust. Issac, ’2
(Jeffery, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University, Dissent, Vol. 49 No. 2, Spring) Politics, in large part, involves contests over the distribution and use of power
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge:
1AC
Contention 1 – Leadership
Fusion’s the litmus test of U.S. energy leadership
Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, “How Seawater Can Power the World”, New York Times, 7-10, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/opinion/11Prager.html?_r=1andref=opinion) DEBATE about America’s energy supply is heating up:
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tough challenges that will shape our future. Scientists and engineers stand ready to help.
Federal funding is the focal point
Sarewitz 3 (Daniel, Professor of Science and Society and Co-Director of the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes – Arizona State University, “Does Science Policy Exist, and If So, Does it Matter?: Some Observations on the U.S. RandD Budget”, Discussion Paper for Earth Institute Science, Technology, and Global Development Seminar, 4-8, http://www.cspo.org/documents/budget_seminar.pdf) It is not only axiomatic but also true that federal science policy is largely
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first thing to be said is that it depends on which trends one chooses to examine.
Overcomes alt causes
Woodruff 11 (Woodruff Scientific Ltd, C-Corp established in 2005 in Seattle, Washington. WSI Performs Research Under Contract to Private and Public Institutions, as well as through Awards from the U.S. Department of Energy, “Introduction to Fusion”, 3-3, http://woodruffscientific.com/wp/fusion/nwea-introduction-to-fusion) The need for fusion could not be more pronounced than today:
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online we stand a chance of impacting the growth in demand throughout the world with a non carbon-producing energy source.
The time is now for fusion.
Extinction
Hagel 12 – Charles, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance – Georgetown University, “The Challenge of Change”, The Atlanticist, 5-15, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/challenge-change The world we face in 2012 is of a different character than even a few years ago. Many developing nations are fragile
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the complexity of the challenges that face America and the world.
Contention 2 – Russia
US-Russian relations have stalled and are unsustainable absent new cooperation
Rojansky, 12 (Matthew, DEPUTY DIRECTOR of the RUSSIA AND EURASIA PROGRAM at the Carnegie Endowment, September 5, “U.S.-Russian Cooperation Beyond 2012”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/09/05/u.s.-russian-cooperation-beyond-2012/drem) The relationship between the United States and Russia is on hold in 2012. The intensity of domestic political debate
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will be tempted to hold the whole relationship hostage when the next crisis arises.
The plan’s vital to nuclear collaboration with Russia—builds the foundation for broader and trusting ties that spillover to solve global issues
Ellis, 4 (Dori, Director of the International Security Programs, “Focus on Collaborative Research and Development – Part 2”, International Security News 4.2, http://www.cmc.sandia.gov/isn/may04isn.pdf) International Security Programs (ISP) research and development (RandD) collaborations with international partners,
AND future RandD initiatives. We will report on these activities in the months ahead as new relationships are forged with key international partners.
Nuclear war
Allison 11 (Graham, Director – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, and Former Assistant Secretary of Defense, and Robert D. Blackwill, Senior Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations, “10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters”, Politico, 10/31, http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6) That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S. government
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Afghanistan to selling S-300 air defense missiles to Tehran to joining China in preventing U.N. Security Council resolutions. Nuclear cooperation ensures strong US-Russian relations and independently allows for NATO expansion
Nikitin, 8 (Mary Beth – Analyst in Nonproliferation Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, 6-26-2008, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RS22892.pdf) The United States and Russia are at odds on a number of foreign
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anti-U.S. sentiment in Russia and ultimately be counterproductive to other areas of cooperation important to U.S. national security NATO expansion vital to credibility
Gordon and Steinberg, 1 (Phillip Gordon and James Steinberg, Brookings Institute, Dec 2001, “NATO Enlargement”) Opponents of NATO enlargement—who have consistently argued
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recent pledges, it is nearly certain that NATO will invite at least one new member—and probably many more—next year. NATO credibility is needed to deter war and escalation
Sullivan, 98 (John – Editor of the NTL Review, American Spectator, June 1998, Lexis/) Some of those ideas--notably, dissolution and "standing pat"—
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beefed-up Western European Union--it would invite chaos as every irredentist faction sought to profit from the sudden absence of the main guarantor of European stability. Balkans goes nuclear
Chicago Daily Herald ‘99 (May 09, lexis) We hear the grim rationale for sending in ground troops “to salvage the credibility
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resulting in nuclear war and incalculable self-destruction. So does Europe
Glaser ‘93 (Charles Glaser, Asst. Professor of Policy Studies at the University of Chicago, INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, "Why NATO is Still the Best", Summer 1993) However, although the lack of an imminent Soviet threat eliminates the most obvious danger,
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include attacks against the American homeland. Thus, the United States should not be unconcerned about Europe's future.
Independently, the plan makes the Defense Threat Reduction Agency effective
Garwin et al., 00 (Dr. Richard – nuclear physicist, senior fellow for Science and Technology at the Council on Foreign Relations, IBM fellow emeritus, chair of the Arms Control Advisory Committee for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, October, “Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee Report”, Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee, http://www.sandia.gov/pulsedpower/newsreleases/reports /GarwinSANDReport.pdf) Charge: Evaluate the relevance of pulsed-power work to national needs and the
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which is an important adjunct to the use of big simulators. Increased community coordination is needed to make full use of Sandia’s capabilities.
Stops global WMD use
Christoff, 4 (Joseph A., Director – International Affairs and Trade, February, “WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION Defense Threat Reduction Agency Addresses Broad Range of Threats, but Performance Reporting Can Be Improved”, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, GAO, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04330.pdf) Since its establishment in 1998, DTRA has worked to address the threat of WMD.
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or modify these unmet goals as called for under GPRA. Extinction
Sid-Ahmed 4 (Mohamed, Political Analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) We have reached a point in human history where the phenomenon of terrorism has
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pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.
Specifically, solves Russian bioweapons
Arestie, 3 (Lauren, Research Assistant – Partnership for Global Security, March, “Russian American Nuclear Security Advisory Council”, Issue Brief: The Russian Biological Weapons Complex, Partnership for Global Security, http://www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/issues/u.s.-russian%20nonproliferation%20programs/Chemical%20and%20Biological%20Weapons/Biological%20Weapons/624200331413PM.html) The security of former BW facilities varies greatly by location.
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to eliminate BW infrastructure and equipment at four Russian laboratories. Together, the three programs received $55 million in FY2003. Russian bioweapons cause extinction
Maartens 6 (Dr. Willie, Ph.D. – Business Economics and Management, Mapping Reality: A Critical Perspective on Science and Religion, p. 251-252) The scientists are the ‘high priests of today’ and their beliefs, dogmas, et cetera,
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Anthrax, that can even survive an atomic explosion, is but one of the known deadly strains. The plan is crucial—Russia will pull the plug on collaboration now
Herszenhorn, 12 (DAVID M. HERSZENHORN – journalist, 10/10/12, “Russia Won’t Renew Pact on Weapons With U.S.”, New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/11/world/europe/russia-wont-renew-pact-with-us-on-weapons.html) MOSCOW — The Russian government said Wednesday that it would not renew a hugely
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But the prospects seem bleak.
Increased funding is key
Garwin et al., 00 (Dr. Richard – nuclear physicist, senior fellow for Science and Technology at the Council on Foreign Relations, IBM fellow emeritus, chair of the Arms Control Advisory Committee for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, October, “Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee Report”, Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee, http://www.sandia.gov/pulsedpower/newsreleases/reports/ GarwinSANDReport.pdf) The three years since the last review of the Sandia Pulsed Power Sciences
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pulsed power programs that are developing alternative technologies is encouraged.
Contention 3 – Fusion
Fusion research generates spin-off technologies --- budget cuts make this impossible
Cunningham 12 (Nicholas, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate – American Security Project, “The Future of Fusion”, American Security Project Blog, 6-5, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/the-future-of-fusion/) Fourth, a robust fusion industry would have important spillover effects
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as China, South Korea and Japan increase their investments in fusion technology.
Happens quickly
Silverstein 12 (Ken, Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, “The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion”, Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) “Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions
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more such bonuses will occur in the future, as it does with any high-level research.
Spinoffs will occur in high-energy density
Lehr et al., 2 (Jane M., Ph.D. degree in Electro-Physics from Polytechnic University and member of the IEEE NPSS Standing Committee on Pulsed Power Science and Technology and serves as the Membership Chair, “Multi-megavolt switching in water: considerations for the Z-R machine”, http://www.sandia.gov/pulsedpower/prog_cap/pub_papers/022611c.pdf) Introduction
The largest pulsed power machine at Sandia, Z, began in December 1985' as the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator I1
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aims to replace, redesign, improve and optimize the rest of the accelerator for z- pinch and ICE loads.
That creates the foundation for pulsed power systems
MacDougall 9 (Fred MacDougall – General Atomics Electronic Systems, Inc., Joel Ennis, Xiao Hui (Chip) Yang , Robert A. Cooper, John E. Gilbert, John F. Bates, Chip Naruo, Mark Schneider, Nathan Keller, Shama Joshi, T. Richard Jow, Janet Ho, C. J. (Skip) Scozzie, S. P. S (Elizabeth) Yen, July, “HIGH ENERGY DENSITY CAPACITORS FOR PULSED POWER APPLICATIONS”, IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, GENERAL ATOMICS ENERGY PRODUCTS Engineering Bulletin, http://www.ga-esi.com/support/ep/tech-bulletins/high-energy-density-capacitors-for-pulsed-power.pdf) The improvement in the performance of high energy density capacitors used in pulsed power
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and half the cost of the capacitors that were available at the beginning of the program. This technology is used in the GA-ESI Type CMX capacitor line.
Impacts --- 1st --- Irregular Warfare
Pulsed power systems enable irregular warfighting
McCarthy 00 (William J. – Captain USN, May, “Directed Energy and Fleet Defense Implications for Naval Warfare”, Occasional Paper No. 10, Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College, Air University, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cst/csat10.pdf) VII. Conclusions
This study examined the implications of directed energy systems for fleet defense in twenty-first century naval warfare.
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U.S. Navy defend the vital interests of the United States on the oceans of the world.
Irregular warfighting’s key to prevent escalation from inevitable conflicts---accesses every major impact
Bennett 8 – John T. Bennett, Senior Congressional Reporter for Defense News, and Master's Candidate in Global Security Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Defense News, December 4, 2008, “JFCOM Releases Study on Future Threats,” online: http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3850158 The study predicts future U.S. forces' missions will range "from regular and irregular wars in
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coalition forces into a situation of immense complexity and danger with no guarantee they could gain control of the weapons and with the real possibility that a nuclear weapon might be used."
2nd --- Subs
Navy’s transitioning to submarines with electric drives now
Roach, 13 (John, reporter for NBC News, 1/16, “Navy's next-gen stealth sub could run silently for 50 years”, Future Tech, http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/futureoftech/navys-next-gen-stealth-sub-could-run-silently-50-years-1B8018722) The Navy’s next-generation nuclear submarine may have an electric drive and new reactor
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“That’s important because what it does is effectively eliminate the midlife refueling associated with the current Ohio class.”
Pulsed power’s key to effectiveness
Hackenberger 8 (Wesley Hackenberger – President of TRS Technologies, Seongtae Kwon, and Edward Alberta, “Advanced Multilayer Capacitors Using High Energy Density Antiferroelectric Ceramics”, http://wsww.theeestory.com/files/2_6a_Hackenberger-final.pdf) Introduction
Power electronics are becoming increasingly important to applications such as power distribution, transportation,
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is the capacity and size of the energy storage capacitors.
Effective submarines are key to deter nuclear terrorism
Shachtman, 7 (Noah Shachtman, Contributing Editor at Wired Magazine, and Editor of its National Security Blog, "Danger Room," which Won the 2007 Online Journalism Award, Jan http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military_law/4203874.html?page=3) The military is convinced that in the coming years it will need to act with this kind of speed against threats — terrorist leaders,
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capability to hold all of these targets in all these hot spots at risk at one time."
Terrorism’s likely and sparks global nuclear war
Speice 6 (Patrick, JD Candidate – College of William and Mary, “Negligence and Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating the Current Liability Barrier to Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs”, William and Mary Law Review, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, February, Lexis) Terrorist groups could acquire a nuclear weapon by a number of methods, including "stealing one intact from
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or its allies by hostile states, n52 as well as increase the likelihood that regional conflicts will draw in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons.
Pulsed power makes UUVs effective
Giorgio-Serchi 13 (Francesco Giorgio Serchi – Postdoctoral Fellow at the Centre for Sea Technologies and Marine Robotics of the Biorobotics Institute, Andrea Arienti, and Cecilia Laschi, “Biomimetic Vortex Propulsion: Toward the New Paradigm of Soft Unmanned Underwater Vehicles”, April, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 18.2, p. 484-485, IEEEXplore, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=andarnumber=6329967) I. INTRODUCTION
WITH the ever growing importance of offshore technologies and maritime transport, autonomous underwater vehicles
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most remarkable advances in pulsed jet propulsion are presented in the following.
Effective UUVs deter Chinese sub movement—otherwise, they’ll patrol off the coast causing crises
Robinson 13 – Michael Robinson, Defense and Technology Specialist, 1/14/13, moneymorning.com/2013/01/14/this-profit-play-builds-hunter-drones-to-counter-the-chinese-sub-threat/ That's why I was glad to learn recently that SAIC is taking a leadership
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find ours, shifting the balance of power back to the United States.
Close patrols cause hair trigger alert and use-it-or-lose-it situations—causes nuclear escalation
Glosny 8 – Michael Glosny, Harvard John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies Fellow, 1/9/2008, Federal News Service, CHINA'S BOOMERS: IMPLICATIONS IF CHINA'S DETERRENT GOES TO SEA, Lexis The first thing I want to say is there's a lot we just don't know about the boomer force. But
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a situation where they're using it or losing it. And I'll just stop.
Extinction
Wittner 11
(Lawrence S. Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany, Wittner is the author of eight books, the editor or co-editor of another four, and the author of over 250 published articles and book reviews. From 1984 to 1987, he edited Peace and Change, a journal of peace research., 11/28/2011, "Is a Nuclear War With China Possible?", www.huntingtonnews.net/14446) While nuclear weapons exist, there remains a danger that they will be used.
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agriculture, creating worldwide famine, and generating chaos and destruction. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
Incentive-Spec – 2AC
Financial support is an incentive – their burden to prove that’s not specific enough
EC 6 – Economic Commission for Europe 6 (“DRAFT 2006 REVIEW OF STRATEGIES AND POLICIES FOR
AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT,” 11/14, http://www.unece.org/env/documents/2006/eb/EB/ece.eb.air.2006.4.add.2.e.pdf) 54. Many Parties used subsidies and other financial incentives to promote the use of
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etc.) were eligible for fiscal benefits intended to stimulate environmentally friendly technologies.
“Substantial” means considerable
Webster’s 12 (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/substantial) Definition of SUBSTANTIAL
1 a : consisting of or relating to substance
b : not imaginary or illusory : real, true
c : important, essential
2: ample to satisfy and nourish : full a substantial meal
3a : possessed of means : well-to-do
b : considerable in quantity : significantly great earned a substantial wage
“Increase” means make greater
Encarta 6 – Encarta Online Dictionary. 2006. ("Increase" http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861620741) in•crease in krss
transitive and intransitive verb (past and past participle in•creased, present participle in•creas•ing, 3rd person present singular in•creas•es)Definition: make or become larger or greater: to become, or make something become, larger in number, quantity, or degree
noun (plural in•creas•es)
Counter-interp --- plan must be topical, defend normal means, and get to permute specification CPs
It’s best ---
Balance --- ensures ground for DAs and case arguments, but avoids process CPs and PICs that devastate the Aff and topic-specific discussion
Education --- forces research into normal means
Strategic overspecification – affs would just choose tiny mechanisms from one law review – jacks neg predictability
Infinite regression --- resolution doesn’t require specification and is the baseline for predictability
Cross-ex checks
Reasonability --- good is good enough --- competing interpretations causes a race to the bottom
Not a voter --- just force us to specify |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
T Nuclear
Contrived --- their ev isn’t exclusive or meant to define broadly --- makes it arbitrary and unpredictable
Factually, “nuclear power” includes fusion
Mueller 12 – Danielle, and Jessica Mermigos, Graduate Students in Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh, “Nuclear Fusion: Energy for the Future”, Conference Paper #2232, 3-1, p. 1-2 Nuclear Fission
There is a common misconception in the terminology between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.
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create energy in either a Boiling Water Reactor or a Pressurized Water Reactor.
In a Boiling Water Reactor, water is passed over the reactor core,
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generator and then used in whichever way that particular plant uses the energy.
In a Pressurized Water Reactor, water is also passed over a reactor core
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by the power plant to convert the energy into usable electricity 2.
Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear fusion occurs when multiple small nuclei are forced to fuse together. Since the mass of the combined nuclei will be less than the mass of the individual nuclei added together, energy will be released. When the combined mass is less than the mass of iron, the particles will be more tightly bound than when they were in the smaller nuclei 2. This is once again based on the Einstein equation (Equation 1) shown previously.
Proton-proton fusion, which is a basic hydrogen fusion, is the
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protons is where the energy is created and released as well 2.
There are different types of hydrogen fusion reactions; some are more effective than
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more energy than any other types of fusion currently being researched 2.
One of the biggest difficulties to work through with recreating nuclear fusion in a
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lines are created around the fusion reaction, imprisoning the radiation 2.
NUCLEAR FUSION ENERGY OUTPUT
Nuclear fusion offers a different way to achieve the energy outputs that today’s energy guzzling
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with the energy output of nuclear power, and more specifically nuclear fusion.
Even though there are no entirely functional nuclear fusion reactors producing commercial energy,
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, which though similar in their technological processes, produce different energy outputs.
Expert precision’s key to accurate topic education
Aff flexibility outweighs: theory bias, few “fed key” warrants give the Neg structural advantages
Reasonability --- good is good enough --- competing interpretations cause a race to the bottom T R+D
We meet - plan’s targeted at energy, not open-ended research - evaluate the plan text in a vacuum
We meet Fusion has already occurred and can be used for electricity production
Chodos, 03 (Alan, Associate Executive Officer of the American Physical Society and former senior research physicist at Yale University and has a Ph.D. from Cornell, “Sandia's Z Facility Achieves First Fusion”, APS Physics, http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200306/fusion.cfm) The first achievement of fusion at Sandia National Laboratory's Z facility in New Mexico was announced at the APS April meeting in Philadelphia.
The Z machine created a hot dense plasma that produces neutrons associated with nuclear fusion. Compressing hot dense plasmas that produce neutrons is an important step towards realizing ignition, the level at which the fusion reaction becomes self-sustaining.
According to Sandia's Ray Leeper, the neutrons emanate from fusion reactions within a BB-sized deuterium capsule placed within the central target in the Z facility, itself about a third of a football field in diameter. While tokamaks cause fusion reactions to occur by confining plasmas in large magnetic fields, and laser facilities focus intense beams on or around a target, Z applies a huge pulse of electricity (about 12 million joules) with very sophisticated timing.
The pulse creates an intense magnetic field which crushes an array of tungsten wires into
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the Z machine, itself a circular device about 120 feet in diameter.
Sandia researchers measured a yield of approximately 10 billion neutrons, around the expected energy
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area to create fusion. Now it seems clear we can do that."
Providing outside commentary, Cornell University's David Hammer said that the Sandia group performed a
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volume. Those quantities were independently confirmed by X-ray spectroscopy measurements.
While deuterium-filled capsules driven by lasers have long ago produced neutrons, this experiment represents the first time that the straightforward, relatively inexpensive and potentially robust technology of pulsed power has been able to achieve the conditions of high temperature and density needed to produce measurable thermonuclear neutrons.
The ZR (Z-Refurbished) facility, an upgrade slated to go online
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long road in terms of investigating its feasibility as a fusion power source.
They didn’t make a clear specification arg even though they’ll spin. Don’t let them
We meet the rez
“Production” is generation by combining atoms - includes R D
Ontario 10 (Ontario Society of Professional Engineers, Energy Guide, 2-20, http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/doc_advocacy/2011_doc_20feb_energyguide.pdf) Nuclear fusion energy is produced by combining light atoms (deuturium or tritium - heavy isotopes of hydrogen) in a fusion reactor. Unfortunately, this form of energy is still in the research and development stage and is at least 50 years away from becoming a practical energy source. Its advantage lies in the vast amounts of hydrogen that lie in the Earth's oceans, which can supply anticipated global energy needs for centuries to come.
This excludes electricity distribution
Touran 12 (Nick, Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering – University of Michigan, “Power Basics (Terminology)”, http://www.whatisnuclear.com/physics/power_basics.html) Before embarking on a meaningful discussion of nuclear power, we should touch base on the difference between power and energy, and some other terminology.
Power and Energy
A classic analogy used to describe power and energy is based on water towers.
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occur quickly) or at low power (which will take more time).
Energy is measured in Joules. A ton of wood might have 18 billion Joules
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of energy required to lift an apple 1 meter is about 1 Joule.
Power lingo in the electric industry
Rather than the standard units of Joules, electric companies bill by the kilowatt-hour, as you can see by looking at your most recent utility bill. This is just another measure of energy, akin to the Joule. 1 kW-hr is the amount of energy used if it is pulled at 1000 Watts for 1 hour. If you convert hours to seconds, you’ll find that this is equivalent to 3.6 million Joules.
Burnup
There is a specific amount of energy in each Uranium atom that can be released
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reaching about 45 GWd/MT and fast reactors pushing 200GWd/MT.
“For” means “in support of”
OED 11 (Oxford English Dictionary, “for”, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/for?view=uk) preposition
1 in support of or in favour of (a person or policy): troops who had fought for Napoleon they voted for independence in a referendum
“Financial incentives” are resource transfer to lower cost of production. Includes R D.
EIA 1 – US Energy Information Administration (Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
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regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government.
It’s best -
Aff flex and topic education - they box out new tech like fusion, thorium, or next-gen nuclear - outweighs Neg ground: generics, multiple DAs, the K and theory bias give structural advantages
R&D has unique “fed key” warrants - key to debate the incentives half of the topic
Every Aff requires effects: new plants and tech must be built, they overlimit
Federal definition’s most predictable and precise
Solves limits - only applied R D is topical
No ground loss: core incentives are fossil fuel DAs link
Reasonability’s best - good is good enough - competing interpretations causes race to the bottom |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
K
Pdb Condo Pik bad Moving and vague alts bad ( ) “Epistemology or Ontology 1st” wrong and links to anti-politics Jarvis 2K
Jarvis, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, University of Sydney, 2k (Darryl, International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, p. 128-129) More is the pity that such irrational and obviously abstruse debate should so occupy us
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than those foolish enough to be scholastically excited by abstract and recondite debate. ( ) Particularity Good. Sweeping K doesn’t prove specific rejoinder – makes decisions and scholarship worse. Smith ‘6
Dr. Benedict Smith – Research Fellow in the Department of Philosophy and a member of staff at the University of Durham – Acta Analytica – Volume 21, Number 2 – available via Springer Link Database In a related way, Dancy seeks to undermine certain 'coercive' (Dancy 1993:
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serve to rationally constrain any candidate beliefs or actions in a given circumstance. ( ) K is too sweeping – doesn’t respond to fusion. K also jacks hope for livable planet. Lorimer ‘92
(Doug, Professor Emeritus – Tri University and Member – National Executive of the Democratic Socialist Party, “Should We Oppose Fusion Technology?”, Green Left Weekly, 2-19, http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/2210) Undemocratic technology? While he points out that with "more human and financial resources
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"? Even the technology of generating electricity from modern windmills requires specialised scientific trainin g in electrical engineering and aerodynamics. The apparent assumption behind Shannon's argument is an
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achieve. And Marxists certainly shouldn't oppose it because it requires scientific knowledge. ( ) No, not ethics disad – consequences Issac, ‘2
(Jeffery, Professor of Political Science at Indiana University, Dissent, Vol. 49 No. 2, Spring)
Politics, in large part, involves contests over the distribution and use of power
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not true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
CP
PDB
PDCP They don’t do High energy density. They fail
Lab to lab key
Ellis, 4 (Dori, Director of the International Security Programs, “Focus on Collaborative Research and Development – Part 2”, International Security News 4.2, http://www.cmc.sandia.gov/isn/may04isn.pdf) Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the US government has had continuing interest
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described here represents an effort to revitalize lab-to-lab exchanges.
Yes nuke material—Sandia key to secure it
Burroughs, 98 (Chris Burroughs, developer at Clearspring Technologies where he works on the Data and Analytics team, 9/25, “Sandia expertise helps nations of former Soviet Union safeguard stockpiled nuclear materials”, Sandia Lab News 50.19, http://www.sandia.gov/LabNews/LN09-25-98/russia_story.htm) "The stuff was behind a wooden door in an unsecured area -- easy prey
AND
, electronic surveillance equipment, sensors, metal gates, and steel doors.
AND
They had a few paper records, but none were very good."
They’ll cooperate on fusion
Struve, 7 (Kenneth W., adjunct faculty member at the University of Nevada, Reno, “Z-Theta Plasma Compression Experiments”, Sandia National Laboratories, http://nnsa.energy.gov/sites/default/files/nnsa/inlinefiles/SNL-14.pdf) Project Description
The purpose of this project is to prepare and AND
provide unique, complementary approaches to high-current z-pinch driver. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge: Politics – CIR Heg Impact
Won’t pass- no bill, delays and friction between key members
The Hill, 3-19-2013 http://thehill.com/opinion/editorials/289159-crucial-stretch-for-obama President Obama has a big second-term agenda, but he faces a make
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Memorial Day, both legislative efforts will be deemed in potentially deadly trouble.
Schumer strongly supports ICF
SCHUMER and GILLIBRAND ‘9
(Please Note: this is a letter U.S. Senators Charles E. Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand wrote to the Committee on Appropriations to lobby for additional funding – Congressional Documents and Publications – May 26, 2009 – lexis) LLE is recognized nationally and internationally for its very substantial contributions to the DOE's inertial
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can provide any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Key to agenda
Chartock 9
(Dr. Alan Chartock, Professor Emeritus at The State University of New York at Albany, Executive Publisher and Project Director of The Legislative Gazette, and syndicated columnist is perhaps best known as President and CEO of WAMC/Northeast Public Radio, where he serves as the Chief Political Analyst. “Is Schumer the most powerful politician in the United States ?” – available at: http://alanchartock.wordpress.com/2009/05/26/is-schumer-the-most-powerful-politician-in-the-united-states/) Later, Chuck Schumer took on D’Amato and beat him and now Schumer has won
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appear that Chuck Schumer may be the most powerful politician in the United States. After all, he is generally credited with having delivered the U.S. Senate into the hands of the Democrats. The party owes him a lot and the president owes him a lot. In short, Chuck is in the kind of position that Big Al D’Amato was once in.
Budget, keystone and gun control thump the DA
US News, 3-25-2013 http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/Ken-Walshs-Washington/2013/03/25/domestic-backlog-greets-obama-upon-return-from-the-mideast President Obama returned to Washington from his Mideast trip with a full plate of nettlesome
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howls of protest no matter which way his administration goes on this issue.
Political capital doesn’t exist and isn’t key to their DA- more likely winners win
Hirsch, 13 (Michael Hirsch, chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau. He was also Newsweek’s Washington web editor and authored a weekly column for Newsweek.com, “The World from Washington.” Earlier on, he was Newsweek’s foreign editor, guiding its award-winning coverage of the September 11 attacks and the war on terror. He has done on-the-ground reporting in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other places around the world, and served as the Tokyo-based Asia Bureau Chief for Institutional Investor from 1992 to 1994. http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207) On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
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map, you have no choice but to move. It’s your choice.
SNL is a GOCO lab
SNL, nd (Sandia National Laboratory, “Government Owned/Contractor Operated Heritage”, http://www.sandia.gov/about/ history/goco.html) Industrial, academic, and nonprofit organizations have historically managed the Department of Energy
AND
Thus, they have the independence to speak out as honest brokers, acting truly in the national interest. Shields politics
Miller, 12 (George H. Miller, Director Emeritus Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2/16, “GOVERNANCE, OVERSIGHT, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NUCLEAR SECURITY ENTERPRISE TO ENSURE HIGH QUALITY SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND MISSION EFFECTIVENESS IN AN AGE OF AUSTERITY”, Hearing of the Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee U.S. House of Representatives, http://armedservices.house.gov/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=619ff080-e877-43f6-918f-66be678ef721) The establishment of (what are now) the NNSA laboratories pioneered the concept of
AND
“how” to best accomplish those tasks within the federally defined constraints.
For long-range basic and applied research, this partnership approach was believed to
AND
are detrimental to the productivity and/or quality to the FFRDC’s work.”
FSL/NI/BOD
Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis, 11
Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
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global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone.
New EPA regs thump
SMH- Sydney Morning Herald, 3-30-2013 http://www.smh.com.au/business/carbon-economy/obama-takes-on-oil-giants-in-second-term-green-push-20130330-2gzv9.html US President Barack Obama pitched the first major environmental effort of his second term on
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the American Petroleum Institute (API), the main oil industry group's lobby. Strong Congressional support for fusion research
Rowberg 00 – Richard E., Senior Specialist in Science and Technology in the Resources, Science, and Industry Division – CRS, “Congress and the Fusion Energy Sciences Program: A Historical Analysis”, Congressional Research Service Report, 1-31, http://fire.pppl.gov/RL30417.pdf In the 1990s, Congress maintained its support of the goals of the fusion program
AND
engineering and the production of many highly trained scientists and engineers. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
China
Fusion far off
No trade-off
Murray 11 (Brian, Director for Economic Analysis – Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University, “Unlike a Race, Many Winners Possible”, National Journal Experts Blog, 10-28, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2011/10/is-america-losing-the-clean-en.php) One of the core take home messages from economics since the 18’th century days of Adam Smith is that the value of specialization drives the
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continues to pursue its GHG emissions commitments with less reliance on nuclear energy.
U.S. solves all the reasons individual states leadership is good and avoids their pitfalls
Expatica 12
“Hong Kong tops world competitiveness rankings”, 6/18/12, available online at http://www.goinglobal.com/articles/1094/, accessed 9/16/12Thur "US competitiveness has a deep impact on the rest
AND
said Professor Stephane Garelli, director of IMD's World Competitiveness Center.
China’s not doing fusion
Jia, 8 (Hepeng, founder and former editor-in-chief of Science News Magazine, 19 November, “Debate still heated on China's fusion plans”, RSC, http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2008/November/19110801.asp) Just as in the US, doubts over China's participation in Iter
AND
'Our major concern is the cost. Is it worthwhile to pour 10 billion yuan into a mission that may be impossible?' He says.
Alt cause – aging crisis
Wash Post 9 (Neil Howe and Richard Jackson are researchers at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and co-authors of "The Graying of the Great Powers: Demography and Geopolitics in the 21st Century.", 1-4, Lexis) Consider China, which may be the first country to grow old before it grows
AND
toward social collapse -- or, in reaction, toward an authoritarian clampdown. Thorium outweighs the plan
CCP will crush dissent
Pei ’08 (Minxin,- fellow @ Carnegie April “How is China Ruled” http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewandid=20066andprog=zch) At the same time, the CCP has adopted a more refined and subtle approach
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China Democracy Party in 1998 and in banning the Falun Gong in 1999. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
case
Russia Russia wants co-op --- but it isn’t inevitable
Balcer 12 (Adam, Programme Director – demosEUROPA, “The Future of Russia: Modernization or Decline?”, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/demos_www_calosc.pdf) Russia’s main strategic goal lies in the achievement of great power status equal to the
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, the United States of America and other countries as much as possible. Spinoffs |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
Cp If you think this is new, remember that it wasn’t till the 2NC that they said they actually fund sandia 1nc cx they had no idea the CP COULD fund it …the CP text was written to just “fund
Fusion key to high energy density
CHEDPP, 3 (Committee on High Energy Density Plasma Physics, Plasma Science Committee, National Research Council, “Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics: The X-Games of Contemporary Science”, National Academy of Sciences, p. 1-2) BACKGROUND
Recent advances in extending the energy, power, and brightness of lasers, par
of the collective interaction processes that characterize all of these subfields of physics. Sandia fusion is quick and key to commercialization—it’s feasible
Clery, 12 (Daniel, degree in theoretical physics at York University, “Fusion Energy: One Step Closer to Breaking Even”, ScienceNow, http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/09/fusion-energy-breaking-even/) In the high-stakes race to realize fusion energy, a smaller lab may
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the magnetized plasma team leader at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Focusing only on spinoffs without fusion crushes research
Horvath 10 – Albert G. Horvath, Senior Vice President for Finance and Business/Treasurer at Pennsylvania State University, “The State of Research Infrastructure at U.S. Universities”, Congressional Testimony, 2-23, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg55835/html/CHRG-111hhrg55835.htm Taken either in isolation or as a short-term mandate, any one of
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of taxpayers' nor consistent with government goals and policies in supporting university research. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michgan DH | Judge:
China Expertise Trade-Off DA – Ext – Not Doing Fusion Wind is the focus
Kennedy, 1/29 (Charles, writer, 2013, “Wind Overtakes Nuclear to Become China's 3rd Largest Energy Source”, Oil Price, http://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Wind-Overtakes-Nuclear-to-Become-Chinas-3rd-Largest-Energy-Source.html) According to data from the China Wind Energy Association (CWEA),
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By the end of 2012 China had 60.83GW of installed capacity, and targets aim to see a total of 100WGW by the end of 2015.
China Expertise Trade-Off DA – Ext – Alt Causes to Growth
Many internal problems in China—alt cause to competitiveness
Pei, 11 (Minxin Pei is a professor of government at Claremont McKenna College and an adjunct senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2/16, “China’s Bumpy Ride Ahead”, The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/whats-next-china/chinas-bumpy-ride-ahead/) The China the world sees at the beginning of its new year hardly resembles the
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automobile) while the business climate for dynamic private firms has deteriorated significantly.
Inflation, asset bubbles, and currency pose challenges
CD, 2/7 (China Daily/Asia News Network, 2013, “Risks to China economy 'can be managed'”, http://news.asiaone.com/A1Business/News/Story/A1Story20130207-400638/3.html) Monetary authorities seemed wary of the potential risks
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due to policy easing by major economies, and interest rates remain low. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan DH | Judge:
K We already know its feasible. Scientific capability exists. Only barrier is Development – the K makes NO sense – that was 1ac ev – here’s more
Forshaw 12 (Jeff, Professor of Theoretical Physics – University of Manchester, “Nuclear Fusion – Your Time Has Come”, The Guardian, 9-10, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/sep/16/nuclear-fusion-iter-jet-forshaw?newsfeed=true) A fusion reactor called Iter is currently under construction in France
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event at the Joint European Torus (Jet) in Culham, Oxfordshire.
Basic science is there
Olynyk 12 (Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering – MIT, “Fusion Research is a Wise Investment”, 3-6, http://tech.mit.edu/V132/N9/olynyk.html) Magnetic fusion research suffers from numerous misconceptions, dating back to the early years of
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ITER obligation. The U.S. should support a fusion future. Aff solves extinction
There are no moral absolutes- must weigh comparative risks.
Saul D. Alinsky, Activist, Professor, and Social Organizer with International Fame, Founder of the Industrial Areas Foundation, Rules for Radicals, 1971, p. 24-27
We cannot think first and act afterwards. From the moment of birth AND
is concerned with any value except victory. It is life or death. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase funding at the Sandia National Laboratory for fusion energy generation. Fusion’s the litmus test of U.S. energy leadership
Prager 11 (Stewart, Director – Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, “How Seawater Can Power the World”, New York Times, 7-10, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/opinion/11Prager.html?_r=1andref=opinion) DEBATE about America’s energy supply is heating up: gas prices are rising, ethanol
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that will shape our future. Scientists and engineers stand ready to help.
Federal funding is the focal point
Sarewitz 3 (Daniel, Professor of Science and Society and Co-Director of the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes – Arizona State University, “Does Science Policy Exist, and If So, Does it Matter?: Some Observations on the U.S. RandD Budget”, Discussion Paper for Earth Institute Science, Technology, and Global Development Seminar, 4-8, http://www.cspo.org/documents/budget_seminar.pdf) It is not only axiomatic but also true that federal science policy is largely played
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be said is that it depends on which trends one chooses to examine.
Overcomes alt causes
Woodruff 11 (Woodruff Scientific Ltd, C-Corp established in 2005 in Seattle, Washington. WSI Performs Research Under Contract to Private and Public Institutions, as well as through Awards from the U.S. Department of Energy, “Introduction to Fusion”, 3-3, http://woodruffscientific.com/wp/fusion/nwea-introduction-to-fusion) The need for fusion could not be more pronounced than today: the world is
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non carbon-producing energy source.¶ The time is now for fusion.
Extinction
Hagel 12 – Charles, Distinguished Professor in the Practice of National Governance – Georgetown University, “The Challenge of Change”, The Atlanticist, 5-15, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/challenge-change The world we face in 2012 is of a different character than even a few
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that frames the complexity of the challenges that face America and the world. US-Russian relations have stalled and are unsustainable absent new cooperation
Rojansky, 12 (Matthew, DEPUTY DIRECTOR of the RUSSIA AND EURASIA PROGRAM at the Carnegie Endowment, September 5, “U.S.-Russian Cooperation Beyond 2012”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/09/05/u.s.-russian-cooperation-beyond-2012/drem) The relationship between the United States and Russia is on hold in 2012. The
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be tempted to hold the whole relationship hostage when the next crisis arises.
The plan’s vital to nuclear collaboration with Russia—builds the foundation for broader and trusting ties that spillover to solve global issues
Ellis, 4 (Dori, Director of the International Security Programs, “Focus on Collaborative Research and Development – Part 2”, International Security News 4.2, http://www.cmc.sandia.gov/isn/may04isn.pdf) International Security Programs (ISP) research and development (RandD) collaborations
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in the months ahead as new relationships are forged with key international partners.
Nuclear war
Allison 11 (Graham, Director – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School, and Former Assistant Secretary of Defense, and Robert D. Blackwill, Senior Fellow – Council on Foreign Relations, “10 Reasons Why Russia Still Matters”, Politico, 10/31, http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6) That central point is that Russia matters a great deal to a U.S
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Tehran to joining China in preventing U.N. Security Council resolutions.¶
Nuclear cooperation ensures strong US-Russian relations and independently allows for NATO expansion
Nikitin, 8 (Mary Beth – Analyst in Nonproliferation Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, 6-26-2008, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RS22892.pdf) The United States and Russia are at odds on a number of foreign policy issues
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counterproductive to other areas of cooperation important to U.S. national security NATO expansion vital to credibility
Gordon and Steinberg, 1 (Phillip Gordon and James Steinberg, Brookings Institute, Dec 2001, “NATO Enlargement”) Opponents of NATO enlargement—who have consistently argued that it needlessly provokes Russia,
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at least one new member—and probably many more—next year.¶
NATO credibility is needed to deter war and escalation
Sullivan, 98 (John – Editor of the NTL Review, American Spectator, June 1998, Lexis/) Some of those ideas--notably, dissolution and "standing pat"--were never
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to profit from the sudden absence of the main guarantor of European stability. Balkans goes nuclear
Chicago Daily Herald ‘99 (May 09, lexis) We hear the grim rationale for sending in ground troops “to salvage the credibility
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point of world conflict resulting in nuclear war and incalculable self-destruction.¶
So does Europe
Glaser ‘93 (Charles Glaser, Asst. Professor of Policy Studies at the University of Chicago, INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, "Why NATO is Still the Best", Summer 1993) However, although the lack of an imminent Soviet threat eliminates the most obvious danger
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. Thus, the United States should not be unconcerned about Europe's future.¶ Independently, the plan makes the Defense Threat Reduction Agency effective
Garwin et al., 00 (Dr. Richard – nuclear physicist, senior fellow for Science and Technology at the Council on Foreign Relations, IBM fellow emeritus, chair of the Arms Control Advisory Committee for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, October, “Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee Report”, Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee, http://www.sandia.gov/pulsedpower/newsreleases/reports /GarwinSANDReport.pdf) Charge: Evaluate the relevance of pulsed-power work to national needs and the DOE mission, other than stockpile stewardship
Pulsed power science is important at the national level, and Sandia's pulsed power program
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. Increased community coordination is needed to make full use of Sandia’s capabilities.¶
Stops global WMD use
Christoff, 4 (Joseph A., Director – International Affairs and Trade, February, “WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION Defense Threat Reduction Agency Addresses Broad Range of Threats, but Performance Reporting Can Be Improved”, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate, GAO, http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04330.pdf) Since its establishment in 1998, DTRA has worked to address the threat of WMD
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to achieve or modify these unmet goals as called for under GPRA. ¶
Extinction
Sid-Ahmed 4 (Mohamed, Political Analyst, August 26 – September 1, Al-Ahram Weekly On-Line, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) We have reached a point in human history where the phenomenon of terrorism has to
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When nuclear pollution infects the whole planet, we will all be losers.¶ Specifically, solves Russian bioweapons
Arestie, 3 (Lauren, Research Assistant – Partnership for Global Security, March, “Russian American Nuclear Security Advisory Council”, Issue Brief: The Russian Biological Weapons Complex, Partnership for Global Security, http://www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/issues/u.s.-russian%20nonproliferation%20programs/Chemical%20and%20Biological%20Weapons/Biological%20Weapons/624200331413PM.html) The security of former BW facilities varies greatly by location. Many laboratories are in
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laboratories. Together, the three programs received $55 million in FY2003.¶
Russian bioweapons cause extinction
Maartens 6 (Dr. Willie, Ph.D. – Business Economics and Management, Mapping Reality: A Critical Perspective on Science and Religion, p. 251-252) The scientists are the ‘high priests of today’ and their beliefs, dogmas,
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an atomic explosion, is but one of the known deadly strains. ¶
The plan is crucial—Russia will pull the plug on collaboration now
Herszenhorn, 12 (DAVID M. HERSZENHORN – journalist, 10/10/12, “Russia Won’t Renew Pact on Weapons With U.S.”, New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/11/world/europe/russia-wont-renew-pact-with-us-on-weapons.html) MOSCOW — The Russian government said Wednesday that it would not renew a hugely successful
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some form of new agreement with Russia.¶ But the prospects seem bleak.
Increased funding is key
Garwin et al., 00 (Dr. Richard – nuclear physicist, senior fellow for Science and Technology at the Council on Foreign Relations, IBM fellow emeritus, chair of the Arms Control Advisory Committee for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, October, “Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee Report”, Pulsed Power Peer Review Committee, http://www.sandia.gov/pulsedpower/newsreleases/reports/ GarwinSANDReport.pdf) The three years since the last review of the Sandia Pulsed Power Sciences Program have
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French and Russian pulsed power programs that are developing alternative technologies is encouraged. Fusion research generates spin-off technologies --- budget cuts make this impossible
Cunningham 12 (Nicholas, Policy Analyst for Energy and Climate – American Security Project, “The Future of Fusion”, American Security Project Blog, 6-5, http://americansecurityproject.org/blog/2012/the-future-of-fusion/) Fourth, a robust fusion industry would have important spillover effects that previous technological breakthroughs
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as China, South Korea and Japan increase their investments in fusion technology.
Happens quickly
Silverstein 12 (Ken, Editor of Energy Central and Contributor – Forbes, “The Tantalizing Promise And Peril Of Nuclear Fusion”, Forbes Magazine, 4-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/04/15/nuclears-strongest-potential-weapon-fusion/) “Despite fusion’s tantalizing benefits, it has been largely ignored in energy policy discussions
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in the future, as it does with any high-level research.
Spinoffs will occur in high-energy density
Lehr et al., 2 (Jane M., Ph.D. degree in Electro-Physics from Polytechnic University and member of the IEEE NPSS Standing Committee on Pulsed Power Science and Technology and serves as the Membership Chair, “Multi-megavolt switching in water: considerations for the Z-R machine”, http://www.sandia.gov/pulsedpower/prog_cap/pub_papers/022611c.pdf) Introduction ¶ The largest pulsed power machine at Sandia, Z, began in December
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optimize the rest of the accelerator for z- pinch and ICE loads.
That creates the foundation for pulsed power systems
MacDougall 9 (Fred MacDougall – General Atomics Electronic Systems, Inc., Joel Ennis, Xiao Hui (Chip) Yang , Robert A. Cooper, John E. Gilbert, John F. Bates, Chip Naruo, Mark Schneider, Nathan Keller, Shama Joshi, T. Richard Jow, Janet Ho, C. J. (Skip) Scozzie, S. P. S (Elizabeth) Yen, July, “HIGH ENERGY DENSITY CAPACITORS FOR PULSED POWER APPLICATIONS”, IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, GENERAL ATOMICS ENERGY PRODUCTS Engineering Bulletin, http://www.ga-esi.com/support/ep/tech-bulletins/high-energy-density-capacitors-for-pulsed-power.pdf) The improvement in the performance of high energy density capacitors used in pulsed power has
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This technology is used in the GA-ESI Type CMX capacitor line.
Impacts --- 1st --- Irregular Warfare
Pulsed power systems enable irregular warfighting
McCarthy 00 (William J. – Captain USN, May, “Directed Energy and Fleet Defense Implications for Naval Warfare”, Occasional Paper No. 10, Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College, Air University, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cst/csat10.pdf) VII. Conclusions ¶ This study examined the implications of directed energy systems for fleet
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the vital interests of the United States on the oceans of the world.
Irregular warfighting’s key to prevent escalation from inevitable conflicts---accesses every major impact
Bennett 8 – John T. Bennett, Senior Congressional Reporter for Defense News, and Master's Candidate in Global Security Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Defense News, December 4, 2008, “JFCOM Releases Study on Future Threats,” online: http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3850158 The study predicts future U.S. forces' missions will range "from regular
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weapons and with the real possibility that a nuclear weapon might be used." Navy’s transitioning to submarines with electric drives now
Roach, 13 (John, reporter for NBC News, 1/16, “Navy's next-gen stealth sub could run silently for 50 years”, Future Tech, http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/futureoftech/navys-next-gen-stealth-sub-could-run-silently-50-years-1B8018722) The Navy’s next-generation nuclear submarine may have an electric drive and new reactor
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does is effectively eliminate the midlife refueling associated with the current Ohio class.”
Pulsed power’s key to effectiveness
Hackenberger 8 (Wesley Hackenberger – President of TRS Technologies, Seongtae Kwon, and Edward Alberta, “Advanced Multilayer Capacitors Using High Energy Density Antiferroelectric Ceramics”, http://wsww.theeestory.com/files/2_6a_Hackenberger-final.pdf) Introduction ¶ Power electronics are becoming increasingly important to applications such as power distribution,
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mobile platforms, is the capacity and size of the energy storage capacitors.
Effective submarines are key to deter nuclear terrorism
Shachtman, 7 (Noah Shachtman, Contributing Editor at Wired Magazine, and Editor of its National Security Blog, "Danger Room," which Won the 2007 Online Journalism Award, Jan http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military_law/4203874.html?page=3) The military is convinced that in the coming years it will need to act with
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of these targets in all these hot spots at risk at one time."
Terrorism’s likely and sparks global nuclear war
Speice 6 (Patrick, JD Candidate – College of William and Mary, “Negligence and Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating the Current Liability Barrier to Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs”, William and Mary Law Review, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427, February, Lexis) Terrorist groups could acquire a nuclear weapon by a number of methods, including "
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draw in the United States and escalate to the use of nuclear weapons. State funding fails: distributed risk and no jurisdiction
Hartwig 12 – Zach, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy – MIT, BS in Physics – Boston University, Email Exchange with Casey Harrigan, 10-22, http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-hartwig.html Geoff forwarded me your email regarding the issues with federally funded fusion research. I
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Constitution so it's important that fusion is under federal jurisdiction at the moment)
Duplication and lack of coordination undermine solvency. And they can’t access national labs, which are key.
Olynyk 12 – Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy – MIT, B.Sc (Eng), Engineering Physics – Queen's University, Summer NSERC USRA Internship – Royal Military College of Canada, Email Exchange with Casey Harrigan, 10-22, http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-olynyk.html Now, the other part of the question is - why the U.S
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it nationally allows it to be coordinated nationally, reducing duplication of effort.
Plan is applied R and D, which solves limits
EIA 99 – Energy Information Administration / Federal Energy Market Interventions 1999: Primary Energy, “3. Federal Energy Research and Development”, http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy/pdf/research.pdf) Research and Development Defined
Federal energy-related RandD can be described as falling into three classes
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out of the $30 million for new or improved nuclear power plants. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
We meet --- plan’s targeted at energy, not open-ended research --- that’s Prager.
“Production” is generation by combining atoms --- includes RandD
Ontario 10 (Ontario Society of Professional Engineers, Energy Guide, 2-20, http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/doc_advocacy/2011_doc_20feb_energyguide.pdf) Nuclear fusion energy is produced by combining light atoms (deuturium or tritium - heavy
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oceans, which can supply anticipated global energy needs for centuries to come.
This excludes electricity distribution
Touran 12 (Nick, Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering – University of Michigan, “Power Basics (Terminology)”, http://www.whatisnuclear.com/physics/power_basics.html) Before embarking on a meaningful discussion of nuclear power, we should touch base on
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reaching about 45 GWd/MT and fast reactors pushing 200GWd/MT.
“For” means “in support of”
OED 11 (Oxford English Dictionary, “for”, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/for?view=uk) preposition
1 in support of or in
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independence in a referendum
“Financial incentives” are resource transfer to lower cost of production. Includes RandD. Also answers their private interp
EIA 1 – US Energy Information Administration (Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
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regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government. (All not just highlight) We meet the private interp. It’s a go co lab SNL is a GOCO lab
SNL, nd (Sandia National Laboratory, “Government Owned/Contractor Operated Heritage”, http://www.sandia.gov/about/ history/goco.html) Industrial, academic, and nonprofit organizations have historically managed the Department of Energy national
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to speak out as honest brokers, acting truly in the national interest. It’s best ---
Aff flex and topic education --- they box out new tech like fusion, thorium, or next-gen nuclear --- outweighs Neg ground: generics, multiple DAs, the K and theory bias give structural advantages
RandD has unique “fed key” warrants --- key to debate the incentives half of the topic
Every Aff requires effects: new plants and tech must be built, they overlimit
Federal definition’s most predictable and precise
Solves limits --- only applied RandD is topical. That’s 1AC card
No ground loss: core incentives are fossil fuel DAs link
Reasonability’s best --- good is good enough --- competing interpretations causes race to the bottom |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Fusion doesn’t link --- only competes with renewables and fission
Dean 99 (Stephen O., Fusion Power Associates, “External Factors Affecting Fusion Energy Development”, Journal of Fusion Energy, 18(2), June, p. 4) The above data suggests that oil and gas will begin to be in short supply
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dramatically since 1980 (Figure 1) and further reductions are forecast. 9
Consumption cuts inevitable --- unsustainable and renewables will quickly develop
Kungl 10 (Kungl Vetenskapsakademien – Energy Committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, “Energy Resources and Their Utilization in a 40-Year Perspective Up to 2050”, 5-3, http://www.kva.se/Documents/Vetenskap_samhallet/Energi/Utskottet/syntes_energi_eng_2010.pdf) Global trends in energy supply and consumption are unsustainable. The major energy carriers,
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heat storage and wind power may further increase the capacity of wind power.
Energy recapitalization chokes the economy --- only fusion solves
Ludes 11 (Dr. Jim, Executive Director – American Security Project, “Fusion Energy: An Opportunity for American Leadership and Security”, American Security Project White Paper, 1-24, https://life.llnl.gov/life_in_the_media/pdfs/fusion_2020_paper.pdf) Electricity is the lifeblood of the American economy. From Silicon Valley to Detroit,
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achieve absolute energy independence, and develop next generation energy for the world. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Sandia has unique capabilities key to satellites and space exploration
SNL, 11 (Sandia National Laboratory, “Microthruster improvements Propel Tiny spacecraft into wider Use”, Partnerships Annual Report, http://www.sandia.gov/news/publications/partnerships/_assets/documents/PAR2011.pdf) Small satellites are a big deal these days, with mini-, micro-, nano
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solar electric propulsion flight system extensible to NASA’s future transportation and exploration needs. Space exploration solves extinction
Carreau 2 (Mark, Winner – 2006 Space Communicator Award, MA in Journalism – Kansas State University, “Top Experts See Space Study As Key to Human Survival”, The Houston Chronicle, 10-19, Lexis) With Apollo astronaut John Young leading the charge, top aerospace experts warned Friday that
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. "We should not place all of our eggs in one basket." |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Fusion solves fission waste and Yucca storage. Even if full-fusion is distant, fusion neutron harnessing isn’t. UT’9
(This is a Multi-Disciplinary release from the University of Texas – it internally quotes Physics Professors, Mechanical Engineers, and Fusion Experts. “Nuclear Fusion-Fission Hybrid Could Destroy Nuclear Waste and Contribute to Carbon-Free Energy Future”, 1-27, This article also appears in This article also appears in Science Daily on Jan 29th – both web addresses are included: http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/01/27/nuclear_hybrid/; http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090127131654.htm)
"We have created a way to use fusion to relatively inexpensively destroy the waste
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product of fusion—neutrons—can be achieved in the near term. Yucca storage harms billions. Our author’s qual’d and beats “exaggeration” accusations. Comarow ‘1
(David Comarow has a multi-disciplinary background and is tough to pigeon-hole as someone that could logically be from a singular epistemological school of thought. David is a former faculty member of the College of Southern Nevada, where he established the Solar Energy Technology Training Program and the Center for Appropriate Technology in 1976. He holds a BS in biology from State University of New York, Albany, an MS in Urban Studies from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a JD from California Western School of Law, He is also an Advisory Board Member of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) – a international non-profit, marine wildlife conservation organization. “Yucca Mountain: Time to Think the Unthinkable”, Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing, 12-8, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm)
None of that is impossible, and therefore none of that is unthinkable. We
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cannot create unnecessary catastrophic risks like biosphereicide, the agonizing death of billions. Conseq
Perm – do the plan and reject technological determinism in favor of a situated analysis of individual reactors within their particular embedded political context.
Technological optimism founded on research is warranted – we’re not utopian
Krier 85
(James E., Professor of Law at the University of Michigan, “The Un-Easy Case for Technological Optimism,” Michigan Law Review, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Dec., 1985), pp. 405-429) A technological optimist is not simply a person with unqualified enthusiasm about technological promise.
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the optimists; they are conservative, respected experts who command enormous authority.
We’re cautious optimism, not blind faith – that’s good in the context of fusion
Lucas 11
(Jonathan, patent attorney and Associate of James and Wells, “Game Changing Technologies Promise Climate Change Optimism,” 12-12-11http:www.celsias.com/article/game-changing-technologies-promise-climate-change/) 5. Nuclear fusion – Tri-alpha Energy Nuclear fusion is arguably the panacea
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that necessity will continue to breed inventions like the good mother it is.
Fusion optimism doesn’t cause managerial, violent control
Lorimer ‘92
(Doug, Professor Emeritus – Tri University and Member – National Executive of the Democratic Socialist Party, “Should We Oppose Fusion Technology?”, Green Left Weekly, 2-19, http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/2210) Undemocratic technology? While he points out that with "more human and financial resources
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achieve. And Marxists certainly shouldn't oppose it because it requires scientific knowledge.
Floating PICs are a voting issue – vague and make it impossible for the aff to generate offense – justifies perm – do the alt
Particularity should be the standard for rejoinder.
Smith ‘6
Dr. Benedict Smith – Research Fellow in the Department of Philosophy and a member of staff at the University of Durham – Acta Analytica – Volume 21, Number 2 – available via Springer Link Database In a related way, Dancy seeks to undermine certain 'coercive' (Dancy 1993:
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serve to rationally constrain any candidate beliefs or actions in a given circumstance. ( ) K of linear model too sweeping and wrong. Chernoff ‘5
(Fred, Prof. of Political Science at Colgate The Power Of International Theory, p. 215)
Experience does seem to support (non-point) predictions of human behaviour.
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with prediction in fact allow, on closer inspection, room for prediction. ( ) Complexity K gets trapped – alt goes from stagnant to violent. Lake 11
(David A., Jerri-Ann and Gary E. Jacobs Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California – San Diego, “Why ‘‘isms’’ Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology,
and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress,” International Studies Quarterly (2011) 55, 465–480) These five pathologies combine to divert professional debate from the substance of world politics to
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religions. By whatever definition, we have stopped doing ‘‘science.’’ ( ) That causes Right wing fill-in Fitzsimmons ‘6
(Michael, defence analyst in Washington DC “The problem of uncertainty in¶ strategic planning”. Survival, Winter 2006-2007. Accessed via EBSCO Host.) If the effects of stressing uncertainty were limited to contradictory statements in strategic-planning
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be considerably higher than would be necessary simply to deter Russia and China. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Cp text flaw. Its grammatical. No clarifications
Perm --- do both --- shields the link
Conditionality is a voter --- creates time and strategy skews, argumentative irresponsibility, and dispo solves their offense
Zero solvency: DoE nationals labs are key --- unique capabilities and international linkages make them essential to fusion --- that’s Holdren
State funding fails: distributed risk and no jurisdiction
Hartwig 12 – Zach, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy – MIT, BS in Physics – Boston University, Email Exchange with Casey Harrigan, 10-22, http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-hartwig.html Geoff forwarded me your email regarding the issues with federally funded fusion research. I
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Constitution so it's important that fusion is under federal jurisdiction at the moment)
Duplication and lack of coordination undermine solvency. And they can’t access national labs, which are key.
Olynyk 12 – Geoff, Ph.D. Candidate in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy – MIT, B.Sc (Eng), Engineering Physics – Queen's University, Summer NSERC USRA Internship – Royal Military College of Canada, Email Exchange with Casey Harrigan, 10-22, http://msudebate.blogspot.com/2012/10/exchange-with-olynyk.html Now, the other part of the question is - why the U.S
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it nationally allows it to be coordinated nationally, reducing duplication of effort.
State’s fiat is a voter --- contrived, no literature assumes uniformity, not reciprocal, and illogical because no single decision-maker could choose
States are broke
Melkers 4 (Julia, Professor of Public Administration – University of Illinois at Chicago, “Assessing the Outcomes of State Science and Technology Organizations”, Economic Development Quarterly, 18(2), May, p. 188) State support for SandT as a vehicle for economic growth and state competitiveness
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). Yet it also illustrates the realities of organizations in the political arena.
Perm --- do the plan and fund support with state and territories’ budgets --- doesn’t sever: they say “financial support for federal programs for magnetic fusion” --- we don’t commit to funding source, they do, we can add it CP violates the MRA --- means no funding and rollback
Rubin 10 – Douglas, J.D. Candidate – University of Maryland School of Law and B.A. – University of Richmond, “How Supplemental Environmental Projects Can and Should be Used to Advance Environmental Justice”, University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class, Spring, 10 RRGC 179, Lexis B. Most Courts Have Ruled that All Penalties Must go to the Treasury¶
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penalty, plaintiffs should offer equitable and statutory arguments to justify a SEP. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 8 | Opponent: Texas BK | Judge:
Won’t pass- no bill, delays and friction between key members
The Hill, 3-19-2013 http://thehill.com/opinion/editorials/289159-crucial-stretch-for-obama President Obama has a big second-term agenda, but he faces a make
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Memorial Day, both legislative efforts will be deemed in potentially deadly trouble.
Schumer strongly supports ICF
SCHUMER and GILLIBRAND ‘9
(Please Note: this is a letter U.S. Senators Charles E. Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand wrote to the Committee on Appropriations to lobby for additional funding – Congressional Documents and Publications – May 26, 2009 – lexis) LLE is recognized nationally and internationally for its very substantial contributions to the DOE's inertial
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can provide any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Key to agenda
Chartock 9
(Dr. Alan Chartock, Professor Emeritus at The State University of New York at Albany, Executive Publisher and Project Director of The Legislative Gazette, and syndicated columnist is perhaps best known as President and CEO of WAMC/Northeast Public Radio, where he serves as the Chief Political Analyst. “Is Schumer the most powerful politician in the United States ?” – available at: http://alanchartock.wordpress.com/2009/05/26/is-schumer-the-most-powerful-politician-in-the-united-states/) Later, Chuck Schumer took on D’Amato and beat him and now Schumer has won
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is in the kind of position that Big Al D’Amato was once in. FSLPolitical capital doesn’t exist and isn’t key to their DA- more likely winners win
Hirsch, 13 (Michael Hirsch, chief correspondent for National Journal. He also contributes to 2012 Decoded. Hirsh previously served as the senior editor and national economics correspondent for Newsweek, based in its Washington bureau. He was also Newsweek’s Washington web editor and authored a weekly column for Newsweek.com, “The World from Washington.” Earlier on, he was Newsweek’s foreign editor, guiding its award-winning coverage of the September 11 attacks and the war on terror. He has done on-the-ground reporting in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other places around the world, and served as the Tokyo-based Asia Bureau Chief for Institutional Investor from 1992 to 1994. http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207) On Tuesday, in his State of the Union address, President Obama will do
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map, you have no choice but to move. It’s your choice.
NI Even small changes cause a flood of applications --- swamping USCIS processing capacity
Murthy 9 (Law Firm, “What if CIR Passes? Can USCIS Handle the Increased Workload?”, NewsBrief, 10-30, http://www.murthy.com/news/n_cirwkl.html) Any type of legalization program will face significant opposition, particularly during an economic downturn
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improved greatly, there are still case backlogs that need to be addressed.
Goco Shields politics
Miller, 12 (George H. Miller, Director Emeritus Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2/16, “GOVERNANCE, OVERSIGHT, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NUCLEAR SECURITY ENTERPRISE TO ENSURE HIGH QUALITY SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND MISSION EFFECTIVENESS IN AN AGE OF AUSTERITY”, Hearing of the Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee U.S. House of Representatives, http://armedservices.house.gov/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=619ff080-e877-43f6-918f-66be678ef721) The establishment of (what are now) the NNSA laboratories pioneered the concept of
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are detrimental to the productivity and/or quality to the FFRDC’s work.” President Obama returned to Washington from his Mideast trip with a full plate of nettlesome
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howls of protest no matter which way his administration goes on this issue. Data disproves hegemony impacts
Fettweis, 11
Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of Political Science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO It is perhaps worth noting that there is no evidence to support a direct relationship
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global policeman. Those who think otherwise base their view on faith alone. |
